WO2023143616A1 - 一种光波导模组及ar显示装置 - Google Patents

一种光波导模组及ar显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023143616A1
WO2023143616A1 PCT/CN2023/073887 CN2023073887W WO2023143616A1 WO 2023143616 A1 WO2023143616 A1 WO 2023143616A1 CN 2023073887 W CN2023073887 W CN 2023073887W WO 2023143616 A1 WO2023143616 A1 WO 2023143616A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical waveguide
coupling
outcoupling
polygon
image source
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/073887
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邵陈荻
周兴
兰富洋
Original Assignee
珠海莫界科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023143616A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023143616A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0015—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/0016—Grooves, prisms, gratings, scattering particles or rough surfaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
    • G02B6/0026—Wavelength selective element, sheet or layer, e.g. filter or grating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/005—Projectors using an electronic spatial light modulator but not peculiar thereto
    • G03B21/006—Projectors using an electronic spatial light modulator but not peculiar thereto using LCD's
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/005—Projectors using an electronic spatial light modulator but not peculiar thereto
    • G03B21/008—Projectors using an electronic spatial light modulator but not peculiar thereto using micromirror devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/14—Details
    • G03B21/142—Adjusting of projection optics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of optical waveguide technology, in particular to an optical waveguide module and an AR display device.
  • augmented reality Augmented reality
  • mixed reality Mated reality, MR
  • BB Bird Bath
  • insect eyes off-axis reflective
  • free-form prism and other display solutions light
  • the waveguide solution is lighter and thinner, and the eye box is larger, so it has broader application prospects.
  • the manufacturing process of the diffractive optical waveguide is less difficult, and there is no grid-shaped dark when realizing two-dimensional pupil expansion (exit pupil expansion in two dimensions). Stripes, therefore more attention.
  • a diffractive optical waveguide is usually provided with an in-coupling area and an out-coupling area, and there may also be one or more intermediate divisions or turning areas.
  • the incoupling region in the diffractive optical waveguide scheme converts the free-space beam (projected by the light engine to the optical waveguide) into a beam that is transmitted in the form of total reflection in the optical waveguide substrate, and the outcoupling region performs the reverse process, which will be transmitted in the form of total reflection
  • a portion of the beam is converted into a free-space beam for reception by the human eye.
  • the turning zone (if present) changes the transmission direction of the part of the light beam transmitted in the form of total reflection, and continues the transmission in the form of total reflection in a new direction. When part of the light transmitted by total reflection changes its transmission direction, since the other part of the transmission direction remains unchanged, an exit pupil expansion is completed.
  • the exit pupil aperture of the optical engine lens is circular, and the coupling-in area is generally circular, but in the setting where the exit pupil aperture of the optical engine lens is circular
  • the exit pupil expands, there will be gaps or overlaps between the spots, and the energy distribution of the outcoupled light will be uneven, resulting in uneven brightness and/or uneven color in the viewing effect of the human eye.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an optical waveguide module and an AR display device aiming at solving the problem of uneven energy distribution of the optical waveguide module in the prior art.
  • An optical waveguide module including:
  • One or more light source structures for generating an initial light beam the cross section of the initial light beam is polygonal, and the number of sides of the polygon is greater than 3;
  • optical waveguide structure located in the light emitting direction of the light source structure
  • One or more coupling structures and one or more coupling structures are arranged on the optical waveguide structure
  • the distance between the polygon vertex of the outcoupling beam and the adjacent side of the adjacent outcoupling beam is less than or equal to the preset threshold; wherein, the adjacent side refers to the edge of the adjacent outcoupling beam and the The side with the smallest distance between the vertices of the polygon that outcouples the light beam, and the distance is a non-negative number.
  • optical waveguide module wherein the polygon satisfies the following relationship:
  • ⁇ represents the circumference ratio
  • D max represents the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the polygon
  • S represents the area of the polygon.
  • the optical waveguide module wherein the distance between the polygonal vertex of the outcoupling beam and the adjacent side of the adjacent outcoupling beam is 0, so as to form a densely packed beam;
  • the polygon is a rectangle or a hexagon with opposite sides parallel;
  • L represents the long side of the rectangle
  • W represents the short side of the rectangle
  • the optical waveguide module wherein, the rectangle is a square; the hexagon whose opposite sides are parallel is a regular hexagon, and the polygon vertex of the outcoupling beam and the adjacent side of the adjacent outcoupling beam The distance between is 0.
  • the optical waveguide module wherein the polygon is similar to a square or a regular hexagon;
  • the quasi-square is formed by chamfering the four corners of a regular quadrilateral
  • the quasi-regular hexagon is formed by chamfering the six corners of the regular hexagon, and the chamfering is a number of straight line segments and/or chamfers formed by joining curved segments.
  • the optical waveguide module wherein the light source structure includes:
  • an image source structure for emitting a light beam
  • a projection device located in the light emitting direction of the image source structure
  • the shape of the light hole in the diaphragm is polygonal.
  • the optical waveguide module wherein the image source structure is selected from LED image source structure, LCD image source structure, DLP image source structure, LCOS image source structure, LBS MEMS image source structure or FSD image source structure.
  • optical waveguide module wherein the optical waveguide structure includes at least one of a glass waveguide substrate, a resin waveguide substrate, a plastic waveguide substrate, and a transparent ceramic waveguide substrate; and/or
  • the incoupling structure includes: surface relief grating and/or volume Bragg grating; the outcoupling structure includes: surface relief grating and/or volume Bragg grating; wherein, the surface relief grating adopts fixed refractive index material or gradient refractive index material; the volume Bragg grating adopts liquid crystal material or silver halide material; and/or
  • a film layer is provided above and/or below the coupling structure; the film layer includes a dielectric film and/or a metal film, and the film layer is located between the optical waveguide structure and the coupling structure, and/or or located on the side of the coupling-in structure away from the optical waveguide structure; and/or
  • a film layer is provided above and/or below the outcoupling structure; the film layer includes a dielectric film and/or a metal film, and the film layer is located between the optical waveguide structure and the outcoupling structure, and/or Or located on the side of the outcoupling structure away from the optical waveguide structure.
  • optical waveguide module wherein the coupling-in structure is located on one or both sides of the optical waveguide structure; and/or
  • the outcoupling structure is located on one or both sides of the optical waveguide structure; and/or
  • the optical waveguide module also includes a turning structure, which is arranged on the optical waveguide structure, and the initial light beam coupled in by the coupling structure is transmitted to the outcoupling structure through the turning structure, and the turning structure is located at the optical waveguide structure. one or both sides of the waveguide structure; and/or
  • the optical waveguide structure adopts a single-layer optical waveguide or a multi-layer optical waveguide; wherein, when the optical waveguide structure adopts a multi-layer
  • the structures of the optical waveguides in each layer are the same or different.
  • An AR display device including: the optical waveguide module described in any one of the above.
  • the outcoupling beam from the self-coupling structure is also a polygonal beam;
  • the distance between the adjacent sides of the outcoupling beam polygon is smaller than the preset threshold, so that the overlapping and gaps formed by the outcoupling beams of the polygon are less, and the uniformity of energy distribution is improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of overlap of outcoupled beams in the prior art.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of gaps existing in outcoupled light beams in the prior art.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first type of diaphragm in the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the aperture in the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a square outcoupling light beam in the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of parallelogram outcoupling light beams in the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a trapezoidal outcoupling beam in the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a pentagonal outcoupling light beam in the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of outcoupling light beams of a hexagon with opposite sides parallel in the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a first schematic diagram of outcoupling light beams in a dodecagon with opposite sides parallel in the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a second schematic diagram of outcoupling beams of a dodecagon with opposite sides parallel in the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a square-like outcoupling light beam in the present invention.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of outcoupling light beams similar to regular hexagons in the present invention.
  • Fig. 14 is a first schematic diagram of chamfering in the present invention.
  • Fig. 15 is a second schematic diagram of chamfering in the present invention.
  • Fig. 16 is a third schematic diagram of chamfering in the present invention.
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of the first type of optical waveguide structure in the present invention.
  • Fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of the second type of optical waveguide structure in the present invention.
  • Fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of the third type of optical waveguide structure in the present invention.
  • Fig. 20 is a schematic diagram of the fourth type of optical waveguide structure in the present invention.
  • Fig. 21 is a schematic diagram of the fifth type of optical waveguide structure in the present invention.
  • Fig. 22 is a schematic diagram of the sixth type of optical waveguide structure in the present invention.
  • Fig. 23 is a side view of the optical waveguide structure in the present invention.
  • a component when referred to as being “fixed on” or “disposed on” another component, it may be directly on the other component or indirectly on the other component.
  • an element When an element is referred to as being “connected to” another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.
  • the present invention provides some embodiments of an optical waveguide module.
  • the optical waveguide module of the present invention includes:
  • the light source structure is used to generate the initial beam, the cross section of the initial beam is a polygon, and the number of sides of the polygon (it should be noted that the chamfering of the polygon-like is not included in the calculation of the number of sides, that is to say, the polygon-like here side Excluding chamfered edges) greater than 3;
  • the optical waveguide structure 20 is located in the light emitting direction of the light source structure
  • the coupling-in structure 30 and the coupling-out structure 40 are arranged on the optical waveguide structure 20;
  • the distance between the polygonal vertex 11 of the outcoupling beam 10 and the adjacent side 12 of the outcoupling beam 10 polygon is less than or equal to a preset threshold; wherein, the adjacent side 12 refers to the adjacent outcoupling beam Among the sides of the 10 polygon, the side with the smallest distance to the vertex 11 of the polygon that outcouples the light beam 10 is a non-negative number.
  • the light source structure refers to the structure that emits light beams.
  • the optical waveguide structure 20 refers to the structure that enables the light beam to transmit inside
  • the coupling structure 30 refers to the structure that couples the light beam into the optical waveguide structure 20.
  • the outcoupling structure 40 refers to a structure for outcoupling the light beam in the optical waveguide structure 20 .
  • Polygon vertex 11 refers to the intersection point of two adjacent sides of the polygon, or the intersection point of the extension lines of two sides (the intersection point of the extension lines of the adjacent two sides of the class polygon is used as the polygon vertex of this class polygon), and the polygon vertex 11 The number is the same as the number of sides of the polygon (not including the chamfered sides of the polygon-like).
  • the adjacent outcoupling beam 10 has two sides closest to the polygon vertex 11, that is to say, the adjacent outcoupling beam 10 There are two adjacent sides in the outcoupling beam 10 , and the distances between the two adjacent sides and the polygon vertex 11 of the outcoupling beam 10 are both zero.
  • any polygonal vertex 11 of the outcoupled light beam 10 and its adjacent side 12 can be spaced apart (the polygonal vertex 11 is located outside the adjacent outcoupled light beam 10), coincident (the polygonal vertex 11 is located in the adjacent outcoupled a certain side of the beam 10 or its extension) or overlapping (the polygon vertex 11 is located within the adjacent outcoupling beam 10).
  • overlapping the distance between the polygonal vertices 11 and the adjacent sides 12 is 0, and when they are spaced or overlapped, the distance between the polygonal vertices 11 and the adjacent sides 12 is not 0.
  • the outcoupling beam 10 of the outcoupling structure 40 is also a polygonal beam.
  • the exit pupil of the initial beam expands to form a plurality of outcoupling beams 10
  • the polygon vertex 11 of the outcoupling beam 10 The distance between the adjacent sides 12 of the adjacent outcoupled beams 10 is less than the preset threshold, so that the polygonal outcoupled beams 10 form less overlap and gaps, which improves the uniformity of energy distribution.
  • the initial light beam generated by the light source structure may be visible light, for example, may be one or more combinations of red, blue, green or other colors.
  • the polygon here refers to a polygon whose number of sides (excluding the chamfered sides of the polygon-like) is greater than 3, that is, the number of sides of the polygon can be 4, 5, 6, 7, etc. Since the triangle beam cannot be rotated when the exit pupil expands, more overlaps and gaps are formed.
  • the distance between the polygon vertex 11 and the adjacent side 12 is not completely 0, and there may be some overlapping or gap.
  • the exit pupil of the polygonal light beam described in each embodiment of the present invention expands, there are fewer overlaps and gaps, and the uniformity of the light beam is higher.
  • the polygon satisfies the following relationship:
  • ⁇ represents the circumference ratio
  • D max represents the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the polygon
  • S represents the area of the polygon.
  • polygonal light beams with low energy utilization efficiency are excluded.
  • the proportion of the area of the polygon to the area of the circumscribed circle is small, and the energy utilization rate is low.
  • FIG. 5 In a preferred implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5, FIG. 6 and FIG. 0 to form a tessellated beam.
  • a tessellated beam refers to a beam that has no overlapping or gap portions.
  • the distance between the polygonal vertex 11 of the outcoupling beam 10 and the adjacent side 12 of the adjacent outcoupling beam 10 is 0, there is no overlap and no gap between the outcoupling beams 10, then a densely paved beam can be formed. highest uniformity.
  • the distance between the polygon vertex 11 of the outcoupling beam 10 and the adjacent side 12 of the adjacent outcoupling beam 10 can also be 0.
  • the polygon adopts a rectangle.
  • the polygon adopts a rectangle or a hexagon with opposite sides parallel or a hexagon with opposite sides parallel, which can form a densely paved light beam, and the energy utilization rate of the light beam is high.
  • L represents the long side of the rectangle
  • W represents the short side of the rectangle
  • the energy utilization rate of the rectangular light beam is high.
  • the rectangle is a square; the hexagon with parallel opposite sides is a regular hexagon.
  • the polygon adopts a square or a regular hexagon, the energy utilization rate can be further improved, and dense beams can be formed.
  • the polygon can also be similar to a square or a regular hexagon, and the distance between the polygon vertex of the outcoupling beam and the adjacent side of the adjacent outcoupling beam is 0 , can also reduce beam overlap and gaps.
  • a quasi-square is formed by chamfering the four corners of a regular quadrilateral, and a quasi-regular hexagon is formed by setting chamfers on the six corners of a regular hexagon. The chamfers are connected by several straight line segments and/or curved segments formed chamfer.
  • the four corners of the class square are provided with chamfers 13, and the chamfers 13 are all chamfers 13 of a line segment (as shown in Figure 14 specifically), then the class square It is an octagon; if the chamfers 13 are the chamfers 13 of two line segments (specifically as shown in Figure 15), then this type of square is a dodecagon.
  • the number of line segments in each chamfer 13 can be set as required. When the number of line segments is infinite, arc-shaped chamfers can be formed.
  • the light source structure includes:
  • an image source structure for emitting a light beam
  • a projection device located in the light emitting direction of the image source structure
  • the diaphragm 60 is located in the projection direction of the projection device
  • the aperture 61 in the diaphragm 60 forms a polygonal aperture 61 .
  • the image source structure refers to the device that emits light to form an image.
  • the projection device refers to the device that projects the beam onto a plane, which is specifically the projection plane.
  • the diaphragm 60 refers to the device that limits the beam.
  • a diaphragm 60 , and a polygonal hole 61 is formed in the diaphragm 60 .
  • the light emitted by the image source structure is projected by the projection device, passes through the aperture 60 , and is projected to the coupling structure 30 .
  • the aperture includes an outer peripheral part, an inner peripheral part and a ring body, the ring body is connected with the outer peripheral part and the inner peripheral part, and the inner peripheral part surrounds and forms a light hole, and the light hole is polygonal .
  • the optical lens of the projection lens can be processed with non-circular processing such as edge trimming, edge grinding, and special-shaped injection molding to reduce the volume and weight of the relay projection lens.
  • non-circular processing such as edge trimming, edge grinding, and special-shaped injection molding
  • the image source structure is selected from LED image source structure, LCD image source structure, DLP image source structure, LCOS image source structure, LBS MEMS image source structure or FSD image source structure .
  • the LED image source structure refers to an image source structure using LEDs as light sources.
  • the LCD image source structure refers to an image source structure based on a liquid crystal display, and LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) refers to a liquid crystal display.
  • the DLP image source structure refers to the image source structure based on digital light processing, and DLP (Digital Light Processing) refers to digital light processing.
  • the LCOS image source structure refers to the image source structure based on LCOS.
  • LCOS Liquid Crystal on Silicon, liquid crystal on silicon
  • LCOS Liquid Crystal on Silicon, liquid crystal on silicon
  • the LBS MEMS image source structure refers to the image source structure based on the laser microelectromechanical scanning galvanometer display
  • LBS MEMS Laser Beam Scanning Micro Electro Mechanical Systems
  • FSD image source structure refers to the image source structure based on the fiber scanning display
  • FSD Field Scanning Display
  • the LED image source structure adopts micro LED image source structure, Mini-LED image source structure or micro OLED image source structure.
  • the LED image source structure is an active light-emitting device, which does not require additional lighting sources and can form an image source structure alone.
  • the optical waveguide structure 20 includes at least one of a glass waveguide substrate, a resin waveguide substrate, a plastic waveguide substrate, and a transparent ceramic waveguide substrate.
  • Plastic waveguide substrates such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) waveguide substrates, polycarbonate (PC) waveguide substrates, etc.
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • PC polycarbonate
  • the optical waveguide structure 20 can use a single-layer substrate or a multi-layer substrate.
  • the grating structure on each layer of the substrate (the grating structure includes at least one of the in-coupling structure 30, the out-coupling structure 40, and the turning structure 50) , which may or may not be the same.
  • the coupling structure 30 includes: a surface relief grating and/or a volume Bragg grating.
  • the outcoupling structure 40 includes: a surface relief grating and/or a volume Bragg grating.
  • the incoupling structure 30 and the outcoupling structure 40 can be surface relief gratings and/or volume Bragg gratings as required.
  • the surface relief grating includes: at least one of a straight groove grating layer, a helical tooth grating layer, a blazed grating layer, a step grating layer, a curved grating layer, and a volume holographic grating layer kind.
  • the cross section of the grating groove in the straight groove grating layer is rectangular, and the corners of the rectangle may have chamfers, such as round chamfers, etc.
  • the cross section of the grating groove in the helical grating layer is parallelogram or trapezoidal, and the grating in the blazed grating layer
  • the cross-section of the groove is triangular
  • the cross-section of the grating groove in the step grating layer is stepped
  • the cross-section of the grating groove in the curved grating layer is arc-shaped.
  • the arc here includes at least one curve. When there are multiple curves, the multiple curves are connected in sequence. ;In addition to curves, arcs can also include straight lines, which are connected to curves.
  • the shape of the grating groove can be determined according to needs, so that different grating layers can be used.
  • the surface relief grating adopts fixed refractive index material or gradient refractive index material (GRIN).
  • the volume Bragg grating adopts liquid crystal material (including liquid crystal dispersed polymer, etc.) or silver halide material.
  • the refractive index of the coupling-in structure 30 and the refractive index of the coupling-out structure 40 are set as required.
  • the coupling structure 30 is disposed on one or both sides of the optical waveguide structure 20 , and may also be disposed inside the optical waveguide structure 20 .
  • the outcoupling structure 40 is disposed on one or both sides of the optical waveguide structure 20 , and may also be disposed inside the optical waveguide structure 20 .
  • the coupling-in structure 30 and the out-coupling structure 40 can be arranged on the same side or both sides of the optical waveguide structure 20 .
  • the coupling-in structure 30 adopts a one-dimensional grating or a two-dimensional grating
  • the out-coupling structure 40 may also adopt a one-dimensional grating or a two-dimensional grating.
  • the optical waveguide module further includes a turning structure 50, which is arranged on the optical waveguide structure 20, and the light beam coupled in by the coupling-in structure 30 passes through the turning structure 50 transmitted to the outcoupling structure 40 .
  • the turning structure 50 can be disposed on one side or both sides of the optical waveguide structure 20 , and can also be disposed inside the optical waveguide structure 20 . As shown in FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 , the coupling-in structure 30 is located at a corresponding position on the upper left corner of the coupling-out structure 40 , and the turning structure 50 is located at a corresponding position on the left side or upper side of the coupling-out structure 40 .
  • the coupling-in structure 30 is located at a corresponding position on the upper right corner of the coupling-out structure 40
  • the turning structure 50 is located at a corresponding position on the right side or upper side of the coupling-out structure 40 .
  • the optical waveguide structure adopts a single-layer optical waveguide or a multi-layer optical waveguide; wherein, when the optical waveguide structure adopts a multi-layer optical waveguide, the structure of each layer of optical waveguide same or not.
  • each layer of optical waveguide is provided with an in-coupling structure 30 and an out-coupling structure.
  • each layer of optical waveguide is provided with a turning structure 50 .
  • a film layer 70 is provided above and/or below the coupling structure 30; the film layer 70 includes a dielectric film and/or a metal film , the film layer 70 is located between the optical waveguide structure 20 and the coupling structure 30, and/or is located on the side of the coupling structure 30 away from the optical waveguide structure 20; and/or
  • a film layer 70 is provided above and/or below the outcoupling structure 40; the film layer 70 includes a dielectric film and/or a metal film, and the film layer 70 is located between the optical waveguide structure 20 and the outcoupling structure 40 , and/or on the side of the outcoupling structure 40 away from the optical waveguide structure 20 .
  • a film is provided above and/or below the coupling structure 30 or the coupling structure 40 Layer 70.
  • the film layer 70 adopts a dielectric film, and the dielectric film is located between the optical waveguide structure 20 and the coupling-out structure 40, or the dielectric film is located between the optical waveguide structure 20 and the coupling-in structure 30; the film layer 70 can also use a metal film, and the metal film is located between The side of the outcoupling structure 40 away from the optical waveguide structure 20 , or the metal film is located on the side of the outcoupling structure 30 away from the optical waveguide structure 20 .
  • both a dielectric film and a metal film can be used.
  • the coupling-in structure 30 is located at a corresponding position of a side or a corner of the coupling-out structure 40 .
  • the coupling-in structure 30 is located at the corresponding position on the side of the coupling-out structure 40, the light beam is coupled in from the coupling-in structure 30 and coupled out from the coupling-out structure 40, realizing one-dimensional or two-dimensional pupil expansion.
  • the side here includes: left side, right side, upper side or lower side.
  • the coupling-in structure 30 is located at the corresponding position of the corner of the coupling-out structure 40, the light beam is coupled in from the coupling-in structure 30 and coupled out from the coupling-out structure 40, realizing two-dimensional pupil expansion.
  • the corners of the outcoupling structure 40 include: the upper left corner, the lower left corner, the upper right corner or the lower right corner.
  • the coupling-in structure 30 is located at a corresponding position on the left side of the coupling-out structure 40 .
  • the coupling-in structure 30 is located at a corresponding position on the upper side of the coupling-out structure 40 .
  • the coupling-in structure 30 is located at a corresponding position in the upper left corner of the coupling-out structure 40 .
  • the coupling-in structure 30 can allow all light beams to pass through, for example, the shape of the coupling-in structure 30 is adapted to the polygon of the light beam, that is to say, the coupling-in structure 30 It preferably takes the same shape as the polygon of the beam.
  • the coupling-in structure 30 may be slightly larger than the polygon of the beam, for example, the coupling-in structure 30 adopts a rectangle, and the polygon of the beam is located within the rectangle.
  • the coupling-in structure 30 can also adopt a circle, the polygonal vertices 11 of the beam part coincide with the circle, and the remaining polygonal vertices 11 of the beam are located in the circle.
  • the coupling structure 30 may also have a certain curvature, rounded corners or chamfered corners 13 .
  • the coupling-in structure 30 adopts a non-circular shape (for example, a polygon such as a rectangle)
  • the angle of the coupling-in structure 30 can be adjusted, as shown in Figure 22, the coupling-in structure 30 adopts a rectangle, and the coupling-in structure 30 is relatively 40 rotated 45°.
  • the present invention also provides a preferred embodiment of an AR display device:
  • the AR display device includes: the optical waveguide module according to any one of the above embodiments, specifically as described above.

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Abstract

一种光波导模组及AR显示装置，光波导模组包括：光源结构、光波导结构（20）；光波导结构（20）上设置一或多个耦入结构（30）和一或多个耦出结构（40）；光源结构产生的初始光束自耦入结构（30）耦入光波导结构（20）后从耦出结构（40）耦出多个耦出光束（10）；耦出光束（10）的多边形顶点（11）与相邻耦出光束（10）的多边形相邻边（12）之间的距离小于或等于预设阈值；相邻边（12）是指相邻耦出光束（10）的边中与耦出光束（10）的多边形顶点（11）的距离最小的边，该距离为非负数。由于光源结构产生的初始光束为多边形的光束，耦出结构（40）的耦出光束（10）也是多边形的光束。初始光束出瞳拓展时，耦出光束（10）的多边形顶点（11）与相邻的耦出光束的相邻边（12）之间的距离小于预设阈值，使得多边形的耦出光束（10）形成的交叠和间隙更少，提高了能量分布均匀性。

Description

一种光波导模组及AR显示装置 技术领域
本发明涉及光波导技术领域，尤其涉及的是一种光波导模组及AR显示装置。
背景技术
在增强现实(Augmented reality，AR)、混合现实(Mixed reality，MR)领域，相比Bird Bath(BB，半反半透式)、虫眼(离轴反射式)、自由曲面棱镜等显示方案，光波导方案更轻薄、眼盒更大，因此有更广阔的应用前景。在光波导方案中，相比使用部分透反膜的阵列光波导，衍射光波导生产制备工艺难度更低，在实现二维扩瞳(两个维度的出瞳拓展)时不存在栅格状暗条纹，因此更受关注。
衍射光波导通常设置耦入区、耦出区，也有可能存在一或多个中间分区或称转折区。衍射光波导方案中的耦入区将自由空间光束(由光引擎投影至光波导)转换成在光波导基底中以全反射形式传输的光束，耦出区执行逆过程，将以全反射形式传输的光束部分转换为自由空间光束为人眼所接收。转折区(若存在)将全反射形式传输的光束部分改变传输方向，以新的方向继续全反射形式的传输。当全反射传输的光线部分改变传输方向时，由于另一部分传输方向不变，则完成了一次出瞳拓展。
现有技术中，如图1和图2所示，光引擎镜头出瞳孔径光阑为圆形，耦入区一般也为圆形，不过在光引擎镜头出瞳孔径光阑呈圆形的设置下，出瞳拓展时光斑间容易出现空隙或交叠，则耦出光线能量分布不均匀，造成人眼观看效果明暗不均匀和/或色彩不均匀。
因此，现有技术还有待于改进和发展。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于，针对现有技术的上述缺陷，提供一种光波导模组及AR显示装置，旨在解决现有技术中光波导模组的能量分布不均匀的问题。
本发明解决技术问题所采用的技术方案如下：
一种光波导模组，其中，包括：
一或多个光源结构，用于产生初始光束，所述初始光束的横截面为多边形，所述多边形的边数大于3；
光波导结构，位于所述光源结构的出光方向上；
一或多个耦入结构和一或多个耦出结构，设置于所述光波导结构；
其中，所述初始光束自所述耦入结构耦入所述光波导结构后从所述耦出结构耦出多个耦出光束；
所述耦出光束的多边形顶点与相邻的耦出光束的相邻边之间的距离小于或等于预设阈值；其中，所述相邻边是指相邻的耦出光束的边中与所述耦出光束的多边形顶点的距离最小的边，该距离为非负数。
所述的光波导模组，其中，所述多边形满足如下关系：
其中，π表示圆周率，Dmax表示多边形外接圆的直径，S表示多边形的面积。
所述的光波导模组，其中，所述耦出光束的多边形顶点与相邻的耦出光束的相邻边之间的距离为0，以形成密铺光束；
所述多边形为矩形或对边平行的六边形；
所述矩形满足如下关系：
其中，L表示矩形的长边，W表示矩形的短边。
所述的光波导模组，其中，所述矩形为正方形；所述对边平行的六边形为正六边形，所述耦出光束的多边形顶点与相邻的耦出光束的相邻边之间的距离为0。
所述的光波导模组，其中，所述多边形为类正方形或类正六边形；
其中，所述类正方形为正四边形的四个角设置倒角而形成的；
所述类正六边形为正六边形的六个角设置倒角而形成的，所述倒角为若干个直线段 和/或曲线段连接形成的倒角。
所述的光波导模组，其中，所述光源结构包括：
图像源结构，用于发出光束；
投影装置，位于所述图像源结构的出光方向上；
光阑，位于所述投影装置的投影方向上；
其中，所述光阑内通光孔形状为多边形。
所述的光波导模组，其中，所述图像源结构选自LED图像源结构、LCD图像源结构、DLP图像源结构、LCOS图像源结构、LBS MEMS图像源结构或FSD图像源结构。
所述的光波导模组，其中，所述光波导结构包括玻璃波导基底、树脂波导基底、塑料波导基底、透明陶瓷波导基底中的至少一种；和/或
所述耦入结构包括：表面浮雕光栅和/或体布拉格光栅；所述耦出结构包括：表面浮雕光栅和/或体布拉格光栅；其中，所述表面浮雕光栅采用固定折射率材料或梯度折射率材料；所述体布拉格光栅采用液晶材料或卤化银材料；和/或
所述耦入结构的上方和/或下方设置有膜层；所述膜层包括介质膜和/或金属膜，所述膜层位于所述光波导结构与所述耦入结构之间，和/或位于所述耦入结构远离所述光波导结构的一侧；和/或
所述耦出结构的上方和/或下方设置有膜层；所述膜层包括介质膜和/或金属膜，所述膜层位于所述光波导结构与所述耦出结构之间，和/或位于所述耦出结构远离所述光波导结构的一侧。
所述的光波导模组，其中，所述耦入结构位于所述光波导结构的一侧或两侧；和/或
所述耦出结构位于所述光波导结构的一侧或两侧；和/或
所述光波导模组还包括转折结构，设置于所述光波导结构，所述耦入结构耦入的初始光束经过所述转折结构传输至所述耦出结构，所述转折结构位于所述光波导结构的一侧或两侧；和/或
所述光波导结构采用单层光波导或多层光波导；其中，当所述光波导结构采用多层 光波导时，各层光波导的结构相同或不相同。
一种AR显示装置，其中，包括：如上述任一项所述的光波导模组。
有益效果：由于光源结构产生的初始光束为多边形的光束，因此自耦出结构耦出的耦出光束也是多边形的光束；初始光束出瞳拓展形成多个耦出光束时，耦出光束的多边形顶点与相邻的耦出光束多边形相邻边之间的距离小于预设阈值，使得多边形的耦出光束形成的交叠和间隙更少，提高了能量分布均匀性。
附图说明
图1是现有技术中耦出光束交叠的示意图。
图2是现有技术中耦出光束存在间隙的示意图。
图3是本发明中光阑的第一类结构示意图。
图4是本发明中光阑的第二类结构示意图。
图5是本发明中正方形的耦出光束的示意图。
图6是本发明中平行四边形的耦出光束的示意图。
图7是本发明中梯形的耦出光束的示意图。
图8是本发明中五边形的耦出光束的示意图。
图9是本发明中对边平行的六边形的耦出光束的示意图。
图10是本发明中对边平行的十二边形的耦出光束的第一示意图。
图11是本发明中对边平行的十二边形的耦出光束的第二示意图。
图12是本发明中类正方形的耦出光束的示意图。
图13是本发明中类正六边形的耦出光束的示意图。
图14是本发明中倒角的第一示意图。
图15是本发明中倒角的第二示意图。
图16是本发明中倒角的第三示意图。
图17是本发明中光波导结构的第一类结构示意图。
图18是本发明中光波导结构的第二类结构示意图。
图19是本发明中光波导结构的第三类结构示意图。
图20是本发明中光波导结构的第四类结构示意图。
图21是本发明中光波导结构的第五类结构示意图。
图22是本发明中光波导结构的第六类结构示意图。
图23是本发明中光波导结构的侧视图。
附图标记说明：
10、耦出光束；11、多边形顶点；12、相邻边；13、倒角；20、光波导结构；30、耦入结构；40、耦出结构；50、转折结构；60、光阑；61、多边形孔；70、膜层。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚、明确，以下参照附图并举实施例对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
需说明的是，当部件被称为“固定于”或“设置于”另一个部件，它可以直接在另一个部件上或者间接在该另一个部件上。当一个部件被称为是“连接于”另一个部件，它可以是直接连接到另一个部件或者间接连接至该另一个部件上。
还需说明的是，本发明实施例的附图中相同或相似的标号对应相同或相似的部件；在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，若有术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此，附图中描述位置关系的用语仅用于示例性说明，不能理解为对本专利的限制，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语的具体含义。
请同时参阅图1-图22，本发明提供了一种光波导模组的一些实施例。
如图5和17所示，本发明的光波导模组包括：
光源结构，用于产生初始光束，所述初始光束的横截面为多边形，所述多边形的边数(需要说明的是，类多边形的倒角不纳入边数的计算，也就是说这里的类多边形的边 不包括倒角边)大于3；
光波导结构20，位于所述光源结构的出光方向上；
耦入结构30和耦出结构40，设置于所述光波导结构20；
其中，所述初始光束自所述耦入结构30耦入所述光波导结构20后从所述耦出结构40耦出多个耦出光束10；
所述耦出光束10的多边形顶点11与相邻的耦出光束10多边形相邻边12之间的距离小于或等于预设阈值；其中，所述相邻边12是指相邻的耦出光束10多边形的边中与耦出光束10的多边形顶点11的距离最小的边，该距离为非负数。
值得说明的是，光源结构是指发出光束的结构，如图23所示，光波导结构20是指使光束在内部传输的结构，耦入结构30是指将光束耦入到光波导结构20中的结构，耦出结构40是指将光波导结构20中的光束耦出的结构。多边形顶点11是指多边形相邻两条边的交点，或者两条边的延长线的交点(类多边的相邻两条边的延长线的交点作为该类多边形的多边形顶点)，多边形顶点11的数量与多边形的边数(不包括类多边形的倒角边)相同。
通常，对于耦出光束10的某一多边形顶点11而言，在相邻的耦出光束10的所有边中存在一个距离最近的边，因此，将该边作为相邻边12；当耦出光束10的多边形顶点11与相邻的耦出光束10的多边形顶点11重合时，该相邻的耦出光束10存在两个与所述多边形顶点11距离最近的边，也就是说，相邻的耦出光束10中存在两个相邻边，且两个相邻边分别与耦出光束10的多边形顶点11的距离均为0。耦出光束10的任一多边形顶点11与其相邻边12可以是相间隔(所述多边形顶点11位于相邻的耦出光束10之外)，重合(所述多边形顶点11位于相邻的耦出光束10的某一条边或其延长线上)或重叠(所述多边形顶点11位于相邻的耦出光束10之内)。在重合时，多边形顶点11与相邻边12之间的距离为0，在间隔或重叠时，多边形顶点11与相邻边12之间的距离不为0。
由于光源结构产生的初始光束为多边形的光束，耦出结构40的耦出光束10也是多边形的光束。初始光束出瞳拓展形成多个耦出光束10时，耦出光束10的多边形顶点11 与相邻的耦出光束10的相邻边12之间的距离小于预设阈值，使得多边形的耦出光束10形成的交叠和间隙更少，提高了能量分布均匀性。光源结构产生的初始光束可以是可见光，例如，可以是红、蓝、绿或其他颜色中的一个或多个组合。
需要说明的是，这里的多边形是指边数(不包括类多边形的倒角边)大于3的多边形，也就是说，多边形的边数可以是4、5、6、7等。由于三角形的光束在出瞳拓展时，三角形不能旋转，因此，形成的交叠和间隙较多。
如图5-7所示，采用四边形时，若四边形为平行四边形(具体如图5和图6所示)，则多边形顶点11与相邻边12之间的距离为0时，没有交叠，也没有间隙；若四边形为除平行四边形之外的四边形(如图7所示，采用梯形)，则多边形顶点11与相邻边12之间的距离不完全为0，可能有部分交叠或间隙；其中，不完全为0是指，一个耦出光束10所有多边形顶点11与对应相邻边的距离中，存在不为0的情况。如图8所述，采用五边形时，多边形顶点11与相邻边12之间的距离不完全为0，可能有部分交叠或间隙。如图9所示，采用六边形时，若六边形为对边平行的六边形，则多边形顶点11与相邻边12之间的距离为0时，没有交叠，也没有间隙；若六边形为除对边平行的六边形之外的六边形，则多边形顶点11与相邻边12之间的距离不完全为0，可能有部分交叠或间隙。采用七边形及七边以上的多边形(如图10-图11所示，采用十二边形)时，多边形顶点11与相邻边12之间的距离不完全为0，可能有部分交叠或间隙。本发明各实施例所述的多边形光束在出瞳拓展时，形成的交叠和间隙较少，光束的均匀性较高。
在本发明实施例的一个较佳实现方式中，如图4所示，所述多边形满足如下关系：
其中，π表示圆周率，Dmax表示多边形外接圆的直径，S表示多边形的面积。
具体地，为了确保光源结构产生的初始光束具有较高的能量利用率，排除低能量利用率的多边形的光束。当时，多边形的面积占外接圆的面积的比例较小，能量利用率较低。
在本发明实施例的一个较佳实现方式中，如图5、图6以及图9所示，所述耦出光束10的多边形顶点11与相邻的耦出光束10的相邻边12的距离为0，以形成密铺光束。
具体地，密铺光束是指没有交叠部分或间隙部分的光束。耦出光束10的多边形顶点11与相邻的耦出光束10的相邻边12的距离为0时，各耦出光束10之间没有交叠，也没有间隙，则可以形成密铺光束，光束的均匀性最高。所述多边形为平行四边形或对边平行的六边形时，也可以实现耦出光束10的多边形顶点11与相邻的耦出光束10的相邻边12的距离为0。
在本发明实施例的一个较佳实现方式中，如图5和图9所示，在平行四边形中，矩形光束的能量利用率较高，因此，多边形采用矩形。多边形采用矩形或对边平行的六边形或对边平行的六边形，可以形成密铺光束，且光束的能量利用率较高。
在本发明实施例的一个较佳实现方式中，如图3所示，所述矩形满足如下关系：
其中，L表示矩形的长边，W表示矩形的短边。
为了进一步提高能量利用率较高，矩形的长边和短边之间的比值在一定范围内时，矩形的光束的能量利用率较高。
在本发明实施例的一个较佳实现方式中，如图5所示，所述矩形为正方形；所述对边平行的六边形为正六边形。多边形采用正方形或正六边形时，能量利用率可以进一步提高，且可以形成密铺光束。
在本发明实施例的一个较佳实现方式中，多边形还可以采用类正方形或类正六边形，所述耦出光束的多边形顶点与相邻的耦出光束的相邻边之间的距离为0，也能减小光束的交叠和间隙。类正方形为正四边形的四个角设置倒角而形成的，类正六边形为正六边形的六个角设置倒角而形成的，所述倒角为若干个直线段和/或曲线段连接形成的倒角。如图12、图14-图16所示，类正方形的四个角设置有倒角13，且该倒角13均为一个线段的倒角13(具体如图14所示)，则该类正方形为八边形；若倒角13均为两个线段的倒角13(具体如图15所示)，则该类正方形为十二边形。当然，各倒角13中线段的数量可以根据需要设置。线段的数量为无穷多个时，则可以形成圆弧形倒角。
在本发明实施例的一个较佳实现方式中，所述光源结构包括：
图像源结构，用于发出光束；
投影装置，位于所述图像源结构的出光方向上；
光阑60，位于所述投影装置的投影方向上；
其中，所述光阑60内通光孔形成多边形孔61。
图像源结构是指发出光线形成图像的装置，投影装置是指将光束投射到一个平面上的装置，该平面具体为投影平面，光阑60是指对光束起着限制作用的装置，通常采用孔径光阑60，光阑60内形成多边形孔61。图像源结构发出的光经过投影装置的投射出去，并经过光阑60，投射至耦入结构30。
光阑包括外环周部、内环周部以及环状本体，环状本体与外环周部及内环周部之间连接，内环周部围绕形成通光孔，该通光孔为多边形。当中继投影镜头的通光孔径光阑为多边形时，投影镜头的光学透镜可以做切边、磨边、异形注塑等非圆形加工处理，来减小中继投影镜头的体积和重量。本申请通过设置非圆形的中继投影镜头并形成多边形的初始光束，且对应的光波导上非圆形的耦入结构的外形，在出瞳拓展时实现了密排布，增加耦出光线能量分布均匀性，并且减小了整个模组的体积。
在本发明实施例的一个较佳实现方式中，所述图像源结构选自LED图像源结构、LCD图像源结构、DLP图像源结构、LCOS图像源结构、LBS MEMS图像源结构或FSD图像源结构。
具体地，LED图像源结构是指采用LED作为光源的图像源结构。LCD图像源结构是指基于液晶显示器的图像源结构，LCD(Liquid Crystal Display)是指液晶显示器。DLP图像源结构是指基于数字光处理的图像源结构，DLP(Digital Light Processing)是指数字光处理。LCOS图像源结构是指基于LCOS的图像源结构，LCOS(Liquid Crystal on Silicon，硅基液晶)是一种有源点阵反射式液晶显示技术。LBS MEMS图像源结构是指基于激光微机电扫描振镜显示的图像源结构，LBS MEMS(Laser Beam Scanning Micro Electro Mechanical Systems)是指激光微机电扫描振镜显示。FSD图像源结构是指基于光纤扫描显示器的图像源结构，FSD(Fiber Scanning Display)表示光纤扫描显示器。
LED图像源结构采用micro LED图像源结构、Mini-LED图像源结构或micro OLED图像源结构，LED图像源结构为主动发光器件，不需要额外的照明光源，可以单独形成图像源结构。
在本发明实施例的一个较佳实现方式中，所述光波导结构20包括玻璃波导基底、树脂波导基底、塑料波导基底、透明陶瓷波导基底中的至少一种。塑料波导基底，如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)波导基底，聚碳酸酯(PC)波导基底等。光波导结构20可以采用单层基底或多层基底，采用多层基底时，各层基底上的光栅结构(光栅结构包括耦入结构30、耦出结构40、转折结构50中的至少一种)，可以相同，也可以不相同。
在本发明实施例的一个较佳实现方式中，所述耦入结构30包括：表面浮雕光栅和/或体布拉格光栅。所述耦出结构40包括：表面浮雕光栅和/或体布拉格光栅。耦入结构30和耦出结构40可以根据需要选择表面浮雕光栅和/或体布拉格光栅。
在本发明实施例的一个较佳实现方式中，所述表面浮雕光栅包括：直槽光栅层、斜齿光栅层、闪耀光栅层、台阶光栅层、曲面光栅层、体全息光栅层中的至少一种。
具体地，直槽光栅层中光栅槽的截面呈矩形，矩形的角可以具有倒角，例如圆倒角等，斜齿光栅层中光栅槽的截面呈平行四边形或梯形，闪耀光栅层中的光栅槽的截面呈三角形，台阶光栅层中的光栅槽的截面呈阶梯状，曲面光栅层中光栅槽的截面呈弧形，这里的弧形包括至少一个曲线，有多个曲线时多个曲线依次连接；除了曲线，弧形还可以包括直线，直线与曲线相连接。可以根据需要确定光栅槽的形状，从而采用不同的光栅层。
所述表面浮雕光栅采用固定折射率材料或梯度折射率材料(GRIN)。所述体布拉格光栅采用液晶材料(包括液晶分散聚合物等)或卤化银材料。根据需要设置耦入结构30的折射率以及耦出结构40的折射率。
具体地，耦入结构30设置于光波导结构20的一侧或两侧，也可以设置于光波导结构20的内部。耦出结构40设置于光波导结构20的一侧或两侧，也可以设置于光波导结构20的内部。耦入结构30和耦出结构40可以设置在光波导结构20的同一侧或两侧。耦入结构30采用一维光栅或二维光栅，耦出结构40也可以采用一维光栅或二维光栅。
在本发明实施例的一个较佳实现方式中，所述光波导模组还包括转折结构50，设置于所述光波导结构20，所述耦入结构30耦入的光束经过所述转折结构50传输至所述耦出结构40。转折结构50可以设置于光波导结构20的一侧或两侧，还可以设置于光波导结构20的内部。如图17和图18所示，耦入结构30位于耦出结构40的左上角的对应位置上，转折结构50位于耦出结构40的左侧边或上侧边的对应位置上。当然，在其他的实现方式中，耦入结构30位于耦出结构40的右上角的对应位置上，转折结构50位于耦出结构40的右侧边或上侧边的对应位置上。
在本发明实施例的一个较佳实现方式中，所述光波导结构采用单层光波导或多层光波导；其中，当所述光波导结构采用多层光波导时，各层光波导的结构相同或不相同。
具体地，采用多层光波导时，若某层光波导上设置有耦入结构30和耦出结构，则每层光波导均设置有耦入结构30和耦出结构，若某层光波导上还设置有转折结构50时，则每层光波导设置有转折结构50。
在本发明实施例的一个较佳实现方式中，如图23所示，所述耦入结构30的上方和/或下方设置有膜层70；所述膜层70包括介质膜和/或金属膜，所述膜层70位于所述光波导结构20与所述耦入结构30之间，和/或位于所述耦入结构30远离所述光波导结构20的一侧；和/或
所述耦出结构40的上方和/或下方设置有膜层70；所述膜层70包括介质膜和/或金属膜，所述膜层70位于所述光波导结构20与所述耦出结构40之间，和/或位于所述耦出结构40远离所述光波导结构20的一侧。
具体地，为了提高光波导模组的光学性能，如透反特性、偏振特性、衍射效率分布特性、机械强度特性等特性，在耦入结构30或耦出结构40的上方和/或下方设置膜层70。
膜层70采用介质膜，介质膜位于光波导结构20与耦出结构40之间，或者介质膜位于光波导结构20与耦入结构30之间；膜层70还可以采用金属膜，金属膜位于耦出结构40背离光波导结构20的一侧，或者金属膜位于耦入结构30背离光波导结构20的一侧。当然，可以既采用介质膜，又采用金属膜。
在本发明实施例的一个较佳实现方式中，所述耦入结构30位于所述耦出结构40的边或角的对应位置上。耦入结构30位于耦出结构40的边的对应位置时，光束自耦入结构30耦入，并从耦出结构40耦出，实现一维或二维扩瞳。这里的边包括：左侧边、右侧边、上侧边或下侧边。耦入结构30位于耦出结构40的角的对应位置时，光束自耦入结构30耦入，并从耦出结构40耦出，实现二维扩瞳。这里的耦出结构40的角，包括：左上角、左下角、右上角或右下角。
如图19所示，耦入结构30位于耦出结构40的左侧边对应位置上。如图20所示，耦入结构30位于耦出结构40的上侧边对应位置上。如图21和图22所示，耦入结构30位于耦出结构40的左上角对应位置上。
在本发明实施例的一个较佳实现方式中，耦入结构30可供光束全部通过，例如，所述耦入结构30的形状与所述光束的多边形适配，也就是说，耦入结构30优选地采用与光束的多边形相同的形状。耦入结构30可稍大于光束的多边形，例如，耦入结构30采用矩形，光束的多边形位于该矩形内。耦入结构30还可以采用圆形，光束部分的多边形顶点11与该圆形重合，光束其余的多边形顶点11位于该圆形内。耦入结构30还可以带有一定弧度、圆角或倒角13。
耦入结构30采用非圆形(例如，矩形等多边形)时，可以对耦入结构30的角度进行调整，如图22所示，耦入结构30采用矩形，耦入结构30相对于耦出结构40旋转了45°。
基于上述任意一实施例的光波导模组，本发明还提供了一种AR显示装置的较佳实施例：
本发明实施例的AR显示装置，包括：如上述任意一实施例的光波导模组，具体如上所述。
应当理解的是，本发明的应用不限于上述的举例，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换，所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种光波导模组，其特征在于，包括：
    一或多个光源结构，用于产生初始光束，所述初始光束的横截面为多边形，所述多边形的边数大于3；
    光波导结构，位于所述光源结构的出光方向上；
    一或多个耦入结构和一或多个耦出结构，设置于所述光波导结构；
    其中，所述初始光束自所述耦入结构耦入所述光波导结构后从所述耦出结构耦出多个耦出光束；
    所述耦出光束的多边形顶点与相邻的耦出光束相邻边之间的距离小于或等于预设阈值；其中，所述相邻边是指相邻的耦出光束的边中与所述耦出光束的多边形顶点的距离最小的边，该距离为非负数。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光波导模组，其特征在于，所述多边形满足如下关系：
    其中，π表示圆周率，Dmax表示多边形外接圆的直径，S表示多边形的面积。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的光波导模组，其特征在于，所述耦出光束的多边形顶点与相邻的耦出光束的相邻边之间的距离为0，以形成密铺光束；
    所述多边形为矩形或对边平行的六边形；
    所述矩形满足如下关系：
    其中，L表示矩形的长边，W表示矩形的短边。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的光波导模组，其特征在于，所述矩形为正方形；所述对边平行的六边形为正六边形。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的光波导模组，其特征在于，所述多边形为类正方形或类正六边形，所述耦出光束的多边形顶点与相邻的耦出光束的相邻边之间的距离为0；
    其中，所述类正方形为正四边形的四个角设置倒角而形成的；
    所述类正六边形为正六边形的六个角设置倒角而形成的；
    所述倒角为若干个直线段和/或曲线段连接形成的倒角。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的光波导模组，其特征在于，所述光源结构包括：
    图像源结构，用于发出光束；
    投影装置，位于所述图像源结构的出光方向上；
    光阑，位于所述投影装置的投影方向上；
    其中，所述光阑内通光孔形状为多边形。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的光波导模组，其特征在于，所述图像源结构选自LED图像源结构、LCD图像源结构、DLP图像源结构、LCOS图像源结构、LBS MEMS图像源结构或FSD图像源结构。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的光波导模组，其特征在于，所述光波导结构包括玻璃波导基底、树脂波导基底、塑料波导基底、透明陶瓷波导基底中的至少一种；和/或
    所述耦入结构包括：表面浮雕光栅和/或体布拉格光栅；所述耦出结构包括：表面浮雕光栅和/或体布拉格光栅；其中，所述表面浮雕光栅采用固定折射率材料或梯度折射率材料；所述体布拉格光栅采用液晶材料或卤化银材料；和/或
    所述耦入结构的上方和/或下方设置有膜层；所述膜层包括介质膜和/或金属膜，所述膜层位于所述光波导结构与所述耦入结构之间，和/或位于所述耦入结构远离所述光波导结构的一侧；和/或
    所述耦出结构的上方和/或下方设置有膜层；所述膜层包括介质膜和/或金属膜，所述膜层位于所述光波导结构与所述耦出结构之间，和/或位于所述耦出结构远离所述光波导结构的一侧。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的光波导模组，其特征在于，所述耦入结构位于所述光波导结构的一侧或两侧；和/或
    所述耦出结构位于所述光波导结构的一侧或两侧；和/或
    所述光波导模组还包括转折结构，设置于所述光波导结构，所述耦入结构耦入的初始光束经过所述转折结构传输至所述耦出结构，所述转折结构位于所述光波导结构的一侧或两侧；和/或
    所述光波导结构采用单层光波导或多层光波导；其中，当所述光波导结构采用多层光波导时，各层光波导的结构相同或不相同。
  10. 一种AR显示装置，其特征在于，包括：如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的光波导模组。
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