WO2020233528A1 - 抬头显示装置及机动车 - Google Patents

抬头显示装置及机动车 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2020233528A1
WO2020233528A1 PCT/CN2020/090604 CN2020090604W WO2020233528A1 WO 2020233528 A1 WO2020233528 A1 WO 2020233528A1 CN 2020090604 W CN2020090604 W CN 2020090604W WO 2020233528 A1 WO2020233528 A1 WO 2020233528A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
incident
reflective
head
transflective
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/090604
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐俊峰
吴慧军
方涛
Original Assignee
未来（北京）黑科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202010388755.9A external-priority patent/CN112034672A/zh
Application filed by 未来（北京）黑科技有限公司 filed Critical 未来（北京）黑科技有限公司
Priority to US17/611,716 priority Critical patent/US11796806B2/en
Publication of WO2020233528A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020233528A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/54—Accessories
    • G03B21/56—Projection screens
    • G03B21/60—Projection screens characterised by the nature of the surface
    • G03B21/62—Translucent screens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K35/00—Arrangement of adaptations of instruments
    • B60K35/23—
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0179—Display position adjusting means not related to the information to be displayed
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
    • G02B27/0944—Diffractive optical elements, e.g. gratings, holograms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/18—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical projection, e.g. combination of mirror and condenser and objective
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
    • G02B5/0252—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties using holographic or diffractive means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/12—Reflex reflectors
    • G02B5/122—Reflex reflectors cube corner, trihedral or triple reflector type
    • G02B5/124—Reflex reflectors cube corner, trihedral or triple reflector type plural reflecting elements forming part of a unitary plate or sheet
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/12—Reflex reflectors
    • G02B5/126—Reflex reflectors including curved refracting surface
    • G02B5/128—Reflex reflectors including curved refracting surface transparent spheres being embedded in matrix
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/54—Accessories
    • G03B21/56—Projection screens
    • G03B21/60—Projection screens characterised by the nature of the surface
    • B60K2360/23—
    • B60K2360/334—
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0179—Display position adjusting means not related to the information to be displayed
    • G02B2027/0187—Display position adjusting means not related to the information to be displayed slaved to motion of at least a part of the body of the user, e.g. head, eye

Definitions

  • the embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a head-up display device and a motor vehicle.
  • the instrument panel of the driving tool is designed below the console, so the driver needs to look down at the relevant information on the instrument panel during driving, and in actual driving, this
  • the action frequency of looking down at the information on the dashboard is very high, and the driver is likely to be distracted during the process of bowing, which may lead to traffic accidents.
  • HUD head up display
  • HUD-related products can improve driving safety; on the other hand, the use of HUD-related products can also bring a better driving experience, which meets the needs of today's high-tech life.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a head-up display device, which includes an image source, a transflective device, and a light control device.
  • the image source is configured to emit light for forming an image
  • the transflective device is configured to reflect the light incident on the transflective device and allow the light incident on the transflective device Light transmission
  • the light control device includes a retro-reflective element and a dispersion element
  • the retro-reflective element is configured to follow the light incident on the retro-reflective element along with the light incident on the retro-reflective element The direction of incidence is opposite to the direction of reflection
  • the dispersion element is configured to diffuse the light incident on the dispersion element
  • the image source first emits the light used to form the image, and the light used to form the image Incident on the transflective device, the transflective device reflects the light emitted by the image source and incident on the transflective device once, and the light reflected once by the transflective device enters the The light control device is
  • the dispersing element adopts a device configured to diffuse light incident on the dispersing element to form a light beam with a specific shape.
  • the dispersion element is configured to diffuse the light incident on the dispersion element to form one or more light beams with specific shapes.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the light beam includes at least one of linear, circular, elliptical, square, and rectangular.
  • the retroreflective element includes a substrate and a number of microstructures arranged on the substrate.
  • a reflective layer is provided between the substrate and the microstructure.
  • the reflectivity of the reflective layer is 50%-95%.
  • the microstructure is a spatial structure including three surfaces perpendicular to each other in pairs, and the three surfaces are all configured as reflective surfaces.
  • the space structure adopts a hollow recessed structure or a solid structure made of a transparent material; and when the space structure adopts the hollow recessed structure, The three mutually perpendicular inner surfaces of the hollow recessed structure are configured as the reflecting surface, and when the solid structure is adopted for the space structure, the three mutually perpendicular outer surfaces of the solid structure are configured as the reflecting surface. ⁇ reflective surface.
  • the microstructure is a triangular pyramid structure including three triangles perpendicular to each other two by two or a cubic structure including three rectangles perpendicular to each other two by two.
  • At least one of the reflective surfaces is provided with a reflective layer, and the reflectivity of the reflective layer is 50%-95%.
  • the microstructure adopts a spherical structure.
  • the spherical structure adopts a solid structure made of a transparent material.
  • the surface of the transflective device is a free-form surface or a flat surface.
  • the image source adopts a projection device
  • the transflective device adopts a windshield of a vehicle
  • the projection device emits light to the windshield of the vehicle
  • the light control device is arranged under the windshield of the vehicle.
  • the projection device includes a lens part.
  • the dispersion element is located on a side of the retroreflective element close to the transflective device.
  • the image source is located on the side of the transflective device away from the virtual image; the orthographic projection of the image source on the plane where the dispersion element is The orthographic projections of the transflective device on the plane where the dispersion element is located are spaced apart; and the orthographic projections of the image source on the plane where the diffusion element is located are spaced apart from the light control device.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a motor vehicle, which includes any head-up display device provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure also provides another head-up display device, which includes a light control device.
  • the light control device includes a retro-reflective element and a diffusing element; the retro-reflective element is configured to move the light incident on the retro-reflective element along the direction of incidence of the light incident on the retro-reflective element.
  • the dispersive element is configured to diffuse the light incident on the dispersive element; the light emitted by the image source and incident on the transflective device for forming an image is reflected by the transflective device On the light control device, the light reflected to the light control device passes through the dispersion element and is reflected by the retroreflective element back to the dispersion element, and the light reflected back to the dispersion element passes The dispersive element is incident on the transflective device again, and is reflected again by the transflective device to form a virtual image on the side of the transflective device far from the image source.
  • the head-up display device further includes the transflective device.
  • the transflective device is configured to reflect light incident on the transflective device and allow the light incident on the transflective device to transmit; and the dispersion element is located on the back of the retroreflective element Close to the side of the transflective device.
  • the orthographic projection of the transflective device on the plane where the dispersion element is located at least partially overlaps the dispersion element.
  • the head-up display device further includes the image source.
  • the image source is located on the side of the transflective device away from the virtual image; the orthographic projection of the image source on the plane where the dispersion element is located and the transflective device on the plane where the dispersion element is located
  • the orthographic projection of the image source is spaced apart from each other; and the orthographic projection of the image source on the plane where the dispersion element is located and the light control device are spaced apart from each other.
  • the image source includes a projection device.
  • FIG. 1 is a first schematic diagram of a head-up display device provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a light control device provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is a second schematic diagram of a head-up display device provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of the light path of a light beam having a linear, circular, elliptical, square, or rectangular cross-section after passing through the dispersion element provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 5 is a top view of the optical path of a light beam having a linear, circular, elliptical, square, or rectangular cross-section after passing through the dispersion element provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 6 is a top view of the optical path of a light beam having a rectangular cross-section after passing through the dispersion element provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a top view of two light beams having specific shapes after passing through the dispersion element provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a top view of the optical path of two light beams with rectangular cross-sections after light passing through the dispersion element provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a retroreflective element provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement and combination of six triangular pyramid structures provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of back reflection when the triangular pyramid structure with a regular triangle cross-section provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure is a hollow concave structure.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of back reflection when the triangular pyramid structure with a regular triangle cross-section provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure is a solid transparent structure.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of back reflection when the cubic structure with a rectangular cross section provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure is a hollow concave structure.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a structure formed by permutation and combination when the cubic structure with a rectangular cross section is a hollow concave structure provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • 15 is a schematic diagram of back reflection when the cubic structure with a rectangular cross section is a solid transparent structure provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of retroreflection of a spherical structure provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of an embedded retroreflective element provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of a sealed retro-reflective element provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 19 is a first schematic diagram of the operation of the head-up display device in a vehicle with a windshield provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 20 is a second schematic diagram of the work of the head-up display device in a vehicle with a windshield provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of a structure formed by permutation and combination of triangular pyramid structures with an isosceles triangle in cross section provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of retroreflection when the triangular pyramid structure with an isosceles triangle in cross section is a hollow concave structure provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of back reflection when the triangular pyramid structure with an isosceles triangle in cross section is a solid transparent structure provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 24 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a dispersion element and a retroreflective element provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic structural diagram of a retroreflective element having a reflective microstructure provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 26 is a schematic enlarged view of a structure provided with a reflective layer on the reflective surface of the reflective microstructure provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram of a film layer stack structure provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of a retroreflective element provided on an external support element provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 29 is a schematic structural diagram of a retroreflective element provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 30 is a schematic structural diagram of another retroreflective element provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 31 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another retroreflective element provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 32 is a schematic light path diagram of the retroreflective element shown in Fig. 31.
  • FIG. 33 is a schematic structural diagram of still another retroreflective element provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 34 is a schematic optical path diagram of the retroreflective element shown in Fig. 33.
  • FIG. 35 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another retro-reflective element provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 36 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another retroreflective element provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the inventor of the present disclosure has noticed in research that although there are many traditional HUD products, it is difficult to achieve large-size HUD display through related devices and related technologies. Therefore, a new head-up display device needs to be proposed to meet the large-size HUD display. , The following is an exemplary description.
  • HUD front-mounted products and HUD rear-mounted products have a certain volume size
  • the HUD image display size is too small to display richer information, such as other complex safety information.
  • HUD front-mounted products mainly use the windshield in the driving tool for imaging.
  • the HUD image display size is larger than HUD rear-mounted products, but there are also certain defects based on windshield imaging, that is, the usual field of view (Field of View). ) Will be very small. If it is accurate to the value, it will generally only be within 10°. This results in the actual HUD image display size is still very small, and generally it can only display vehicle speed or direction information, and cannot display richer navigation map information and other complexities. It is difficult for drivers to meet the needs of various types of information during the driving process of driving tools. Therefore, large-screen HUDs that use driving tool windshield imaging are receiving more and more attention.
  • the related display imaging technology can not fundamentally solve the problem of large-size HUD display, but also brings a series of other problems.
  • the display imaging technology uses the backlight source for imaging, only a small part of the light emitted by the backlight source is used for Imaging results in low imaging brightness.
  • the problem of low imaging brightness can be solved by increasing the power of the light source, this will correspondingly bring about the problems of high power consumption and large heat generation of the light source, thereby increasing the heat dissipation requirements of the light source equipment, and Can not fundamentally solve the problem of poor light utilization rate of the light source; the related display imaging technology will cause the problem of distortion and unstable picture.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a head-up display device, which includes an image source, a transflective device, and a light control device.
  • the image source is configured to emit light for forming an image
  • the transflective device is configured to reflect the light incident on the transflective device and allow the light incident on the transflective device to be transmitted
  • the light control device includes a retroreflective element And a dispersion element
  • the retro-reflective element is configured to reflect light incident on the retro-reflective element in a direction opposite to the direction of incidence of the light incident on the retro-reflective element
  • the dispersion element is configured to reflect the light incident on the dispersion element Diffusion
  • the image source first emits the light used to form the image, the light used to form the image is incident on the transflective device, and the transflective device reflects the light emitted from the image source and incident on the transflective device once, and is transmitted The light reflected once by the reflector enters the light control device and exit
  • the retroreflective element moves the light incident to the retroreflective element in a direction opposite to the incident direction of the light incident to the retroreflective element Outgoing, the light emitted in the direction opposite to the incident direction of the light incident to the retroreflective element passes through the dispersion element and is diffused by the dispersion element.
  • the light diffused by the dispersion element enters the transflective device and is secondarily transmitted by the transflective device Reflect and form a virtual image.
  • the head-up display device since the range of light irradiated on the transflective device is large, the field of view and the display area are enlarged, so that the light can be formed after being reflected by the transflective device.
  • Large-size HUD image, and the reflected light can be emitted to a predetermined area, the predetermined area is the eye box area, so that large-size HUD images can be observed, and large-size images can be formed with lower power consumption.
  • a head-up display device provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to FIG. 1, includes an image source 1, a transflective device 2, and a light control device 3, wherein the image source 1 is used to emit light for forming an image; the transflective device 2 is used to reflect the light incident on it and allow the light incident on it to transmit; referring to FIG. 2, the light control device 3 includes a retroreflective element 301 and a dispersion element 300, the dispersion element 300 is arranged above the retroreflective element 301 The light incident on the light control device 3 first reaches the dispersion element 300 and then passes through the dispersion element 300 and then reaches the retroreflective element 301.
  • the retroreflective element 301 is used to reflect the light incident on it in the opposite direction of the incident direction. 300 is used to diffuse the light incident thereon. The light is diffused by the dispersing element to form a beam with a certain diffusion angle.
  • the shape of the beam with a certain diffusion angle can be regular or irregular.
  • the positional relationship between the image source 1, the transflective device 2 and the light control device 3 is shown in Fig. 1.
  • the light used to form an image from the image source 1 propagates to the transflective device 2, and the transflective device 2 will After the incident light is reflected, the reflected light propagates to the light control device 3, and the light control device 3 emits the incident light again.
  • the light that emerges again should reach the transflective device 2.
  • the transflective device 2 will The light incident on it is reflected again, and the reflected light reaches a predetermined area.
  • the predetermined area includes the eye box area, which refers to the area where the eyes can observe the image.
  • the image source 1 first emits light used to form an image.
  • the light is incident on the transflective device 2 and is reflected by the transflective device 2 (the first reflection refers to the first time relative to the transflective device 2 itself). Reflect), the reflected light reaches the light control device 3, and the light that reaches the light control device 3 first reaches the dispersion element 300 and is diffused after passing through the dispersion element 300.
  • the light incident on it is emitted in the opposite direction of the incident direction, and the emitted light reaches the dispersing element 300 above again, and the dispersing element 300 diffuses the light incident on it again to form a beam with a certain diffusion angle, which has a certain diffusion angle
  • the light beam reaches the transflective device 2, and the transflective device 2 re-reflects the light incident on it (the second reflection refers to the second reflection relative to the transflective device 2 itself) to form a virtual image (for example, in The side of the transflective device 2 away from the image source 1 forms a virtual image, see FIG. 19), and the reflected light exits to a predetermined area.
  • the predetermined area is the eye box area, so that large-size HUD images can be observed.
  • a transflective film can be provided on the transflective device.
  • the transflective film on the transflective device can be, but not limited to, set on the side of the transflective device close to the image source.
  • the function of the transflective film is The light emitted by the image source is efficiently reflected, and the external ambient light can be efficiently transmitted in at the same time. The efficient use of the incident light can improve the brightness of the virtual image.
  • the dispersion element 300 is located on the side of the retroreflective element 301 close to the transflective device 2.
  • the side of the light control device 3 where the dispersion element 300 is provided is the light entrance side and the light exit side of the light control device 3.
  • the transflective device 2 and the dispersion element 300 at least partially overlap.
  • the transflective device 2 and the retro-reflective element 301 at least partially overlap.
  • the transflective device 2 and the light control device 3 at least partially overlap.
  • the image source 1 and the transflective device 2 do not overlap.
  • the image source 1 and the light control device 3 do not overlap.
  • the image source 1 and the light control device 3 do not overlap.
  • the image source 1 is located on the side of the transflective device 2 away from the virtual image.
  • the head-up display devices shown in FIGS. 1, 3, and 20 all include the image source 1 and the transflective device 2, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. According to actual application requirements, in some examples At least one of the image source 1 and the transflective device 2 can be configured by the user. In this case, the head-up display device may not include at least one of the image source 1 and the transflective device 2. For example, the head-up display device may not include the transflective device 2. In this case, the transflective device 2 can be implemented using a front windshield (inner surface of the front windshield) of a motor vehicle configured by the user.
  • the dispersive element uses a device that diffuses incident light to form a beam of a specific shape.
  • the dispersive element diffuses the incident light to form a beam of a specific shape.
  • a beam of specific shape means that the cross-sectional shape of the beam is a specific regular shape.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the beam can be, but is not limited to, linear, circular, elliptical, square, or rectangular.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the light beam refers to the cross section obtained by cutting the light leaving the dispersion element using a plane parallel to the dispersion element, that is, the cross section of the light beam is parallel to the dispersion element.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the beam refers to the cross section obtained by cutting the light leaving the dispersion element using a plane perpendicular to the center line of the beam (that is, the dashed line shown in Figures 4 and 5), that is, the cross section of the beam is vertical At the centerline of the beam.
  • the dispersing element 300 may adopt a device that diffuses incident light to form a beam of a specific shape. With this kind of device, the dispersing element 300 diffuses the incident light to form a beam of a specific shape. Referring to FIGS. 4-6, The light 4 passes through the dispersive element 300 and is diffused by the dispersive element 300 to form a beam 5 of a specific shape.
  • the image source 1 emits light used to form an image, and the light is incident on the transflective device 2 and is reflected once by the transflective device 2 (the first reflection refers to the first reflection relative to the transflective device 2 itself ), the reflected light reaches the light control device 3, and the light that reaches the light control device 3 first reaches the dispersion element 300, is diffused by the dispersion element 300 to form a beam, and exits to the retroreflective element 301, and the retroreflective element 301 will be incident on it The light beam is emitted in the opposite direction of the incident direction, and the emitted light reaches the upper dispersing element 300 again.
  • the dispersing element 300 diffuses the light incident on it again to form a beam of light with a specific shape.
  • the two dispersions together determine the cross-sectional shape of the finally formed beam.
  • the beam of this specific shape reaches the transflective device 2, and the transflective device 2 performs a second reflection of the beam incident on it (the second reflection refers to The transflective device 2 itself performs a second reflection) to form a virtual image, and the reflected light exits to a predetermined area; in some embodiments of the present disclosure, the dispersion element 300 diffuses the light into a beam of a specific shape, and the energy of the light in the beam is evenly distributed.
  • the beam with a specific shape irradiates the transflective device and is reflected to form a virtual image, and the energy of the beam with a specific shape is concentrated.
  • the image formed is a high-brightness image, and the final reflected light At least part (for example, most) falls into the eye box area of the head-up display device.
  • the orthographic projection of the eye box area on the plane where the transflective device is located is covered (for example, completely covered) by the transflective device.
  • the eye box area and the image source 1 at least partially overlap in the direction perpendicular to the light control device 3, that is, the eye box area is in the plane where the light control device 3 is located (for example, the light control device 3
  • the orthographic projection of the image source 1 on the plane of the light control device 3 at least partially overlaps.
  • the orthographic projection of the eye box area on the plane where the light control device 3 is located and the orthographic projection of the image source 1 on the plane where the light control device 3 is located are separated from each other.
  • the eye box area and the light control device 3 do not overlap in a direction perpendicular to the light control device 3, that is, the orthographic projection of the eye box area on the plane where the light control device 3 is located and the light control device 3 are separated from each other.
  • the dispersive element 300 may be, but is not limited to, a diffractive optical element
  • the diffractive optical element may be, but is not limited to, a beam shaper that can form light beams of a variety of specific shapes; referring to FIGS. 4 to 5, the light 4 is diffused. After the element 300, it will be diffused to form a beam 5 with a specific shape.
  • the size and shape of the spot corresponding to the beam 5 is determined by the microstructure of the diffractive optical element itself. It can be but not limited to: linear, circular, oval, square, and rectangular. 4, FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of the light path system corresponding to a beam whose cross-section is linear, circular, elliptical, square or rectangular after passing through the dispersing element 300, where ⁇ V indicates that the light is in the vertical direction after passing through the dispersing element.
  • the angle between the two maximum line-of-sight axes, ⁇ V ⁇ 2 ⁇ , ⁇ represents the angle between the characteristic axis and the maximum line-of-sight axis in the vertical direction, and the characteristic axis is the position of the dotted line shown in FIG. 4. Referring to FIG. 5, FIG. 5, FIG. 5, FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is a top view of the optical path system corresponding to a beam whose cross-section is linear or circular or elliptical or square or rectangular after passing through the dispersing element 300, where ⁇ H represents the horizontal direction of the light after passing through the dispersing element.
  • the angle between the two maximum line-of-sight axes, ⁇ H ⁇ 2 ⁇ , ⁇ represents the angle between the characteristic axis and the maximum line-of-sight axis in the horizontal direction, the characteristic axis is the position of the dotted line shown in Figure 5;
  • Figure 6 shows the light 4 After passing through the dispersion element 300, a light beam with a rectangular cross section is formed. 5
  • the dispersive element uses a device that diffuses incident light to form a beam of a specific shape.
  • the dispersive element diffuses the incident light to form a beam of a specific shape.
  • a beam of specific shape means that the cross-sectional shape of the beam is a specific regular shape.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the beam can be, but is not limited to, linear, circular, elliptical, square, or rectangular.
  • the dispersing element 300 may use a device that diffuses incident light to form multiple beams of specific shapes.
  • Multiple beams refer to two or more beams.
  • the cross-sectional shapes of the multiple beams formed can be the same, and the cross-sectional shapes of the multiple beams formed It can also be different, and the light energy distribution in the formed multiple beams is uniform.
  • the light 4 passes through the dispersive element 300 and is diffused by the dispersive element 300 to form two beams of specific shapes.
  • the degree to which the two beams of specific shapes 5 are diffused, that is, the size of the spread angle depends on the dispersion element 300.
  • the diffusion angle of the beam of this particular shape directly determines the size and brightness of the final virtual image; the specific relationship is that the smaller the diffusion angle, the higher the imaging brightness, and the smaller the viewing angle; on the contrary, the larger the diffusion angle, the imaging The lower the brightness, the larger the viewing angle; therefore, it is necessary to design a reasonable beam diffusion angle so that the brightness and viewing angle of the image are both within the ideal range; the cross-sectional shapes of the two beams 5 of specific shapes formed by the diffusion element 300 are the same.
  • the light energy distribution in the beam is uniform.
  • the image source 1 emits light used to form an image.
  • the light is incident on the transflective device 2 and is reflected by the transflective device 2 (the first reflection refers to the first time relative to the transflective device 2 itself). Reflect), the reflected light reaches the light control device 3, and the light that reaches the light control device 3 first reaches the dispersion element 300, passes through the dispersion element 300, and then exits to the retro-reflective element 301, and the retro-reflective element 301 will incident on it It exits in the opposite direction of the incident direction, and the emitted light reaches the upper dispersing element 300 again.
  • the dispersing element 300 diffuses the light incident on it to form two beams with specific shapes.
  • the two beams of specific shapes reach the transflective Device 2, the transflective device 2 performs secondary reflection of the light beam incident on it (the secondary reflection refers to the second reflection relative to the transflective device 2 itself) to form a virtual image, and the reflected light exits two Area, one of which is the eye box area.
  • the multi-beam dispersion element can improve the light efficiency, and can also realize applications such as multi-view viewing.
  • the dispersive element emits two or more beams of specific shapes, and the beams are separated from each other.
  • the separated beams are irradiated on the transflective device and reflected by the transflective device, and the reflected light is emitted to the corresponding area
  • the separated light beam enables the light emitted by the image source to be efficiently used, and at the same time improves the brightness of the image, and the multi-beam dispersion element can be used in multi-view observation, with strong expandability.
  • the dispersive element 300 may be, but is not limited to, a diffractive optical element, and the diffractive optical element may be, but is not limited to, a beam shaping element (beamshaper) that can form light beams of various specific shapes.
  • a beam shaping element beamshaper
  • the dispersion element includes a light diffusion layer and a light orientation layer.
  • a light diffusion layer and a light orientation layer are sequentially arranged along the incident direction of the incident light, wherein the light orientation layer is The light is directed in multiple different directions, and the light diffusion layer diffuses the light from multiple different directions into multiple beams, so that the dispersion element can diffuse the light into a variety of specific shape beams.
  • the dispersion element can also be called multi-beam dispersion element.
  • the light directing layer 3001 is located between the light diffusion layer 3000 and the retroreflective element 301.
  • FIG. 3 it includes an image source 1, a transflective device 2, and a light control device 3.
  • the image source 1 is used to emit light for forming an image;
  • the transflective device 2 is used to reflect the light incident on it and allow the light incident on it to transmit;
  • the light control device 3 includes a retroreflective element 301 and a dispersion element 300, the dispersion element 300 is arranged above the retroreflective element 301
  • the light incident on the light control device 3 first reaches the dispersion element 300 and then passes through the dispersion element 300 and then reaches the retroreflective element 301.
  • the retroreflective element 301 is used to reflect the light incident on it in the opposite direction of the incident direction. 300 is used to diffuse the light incident on it.
  • the retroreflective element 301 of the head-up display device provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure will be exemplarily described in conjunction with FIGS. 9-18 and 21-23.
  • the retroreflective element 301 includes a substrate 3011 and a number of reflective microstructures 3010 distributed on the surface of the substrate 3011, and the reflective microstructures 3010 are uniformly distributed on the surface of the substrate 3011, for example, and all the microstructures are uniform, for example .
  • a reflective layer is provided between the substrate 3011 and the reflective microstructure 3010.
  • the reflective layer may be disposed on the surface of the reflective microstructure 3010 on the side away from the substrate 3011.
  • the light when light is incident on the retroreflective element 301, the light passes through the reflective microstructure 3010 and then exits.
  • the reflective layer between the substrate 3011 and the reflective microstructure 3010 can reflect the light entering the reflective microstructure 3010 out; It can be integrally formed with the reflective microstructure 3010 or the reflective layer can be integrally formed with the substrate 3011 or the reflective layer can exist separately between the substrate 3011 and the reflective microstructure 3010 or others.
  • the retroreflective element 301 the light first enters the microstructure. After the light reaches the inside of the microstructure for one or more reflections, it finally exits in the opposite direction of the light incident direction, so that the retroreflective element 301 can move along The incident light is reflected in the opposite direction of the incident direction.
  • the above-mentioned reflective layer can be a reflective layer with high reflectivity, and the reflective efficiency of the reflective layer can be 50%-95%, that is, 50%-95% of the light incident on the retro-reflective element 301 can be reflected by the retro-reflective element 301 In this way, the efficiency of light reflection can be improved, and the utilization rate of light emitted by the image source can be further improved.
  • the reflective microstructure 3010 is a spatial structure composed of three surfaces perpendicular to each other, three of which are reflective surfaces, and the spatial structure adopts a hollow concave structure or is composed of Solid structure made of transparent material.
  • the microstructure can be a triangular pyramid structure composed of three triangles perpendicular to each other or a cube structure composed of three rectangles perpendicular to each other; when the microstructure is a triangular pyramid structure composed of three triangles perpendicular to each other and is In the case of a hollow recessed structure, a reflective layer is provided on at least one of the reflective surfaces, and the reflectivity of the reflective layer is 50%-95%; when the microstructure is a cubic structure composed of three rectangles two by two perpendicular to each other and is a hollow recess In the structure, at least one of the reflective surfaces is provided with a reflective layer, and the reflectivity of the reflective layer is 50%-95%; the above solution can improve the reflection efficiency of light, thereby improving the retroreflective efficiency of the retroreflective element.
  • the utilization rate of the light emitted by the image source When the microstructure is a triangular pyramid structure composed of three triangles two by two perpendicular to each other and a solid structure made of transparent materials is used, a reflective layer is provided on at least one of the reflective surfaces, and the reflectivity of the reflective layer is 50 % ⁇ 95%; when the microstructure is a cubic structure composed of three rectangles two by two perpendicular to each other and a solid structure made of transparent materials is used, a reflective layer is provided on at least one of the reflective surfaces. The reflectivity is 50%-95%; the above solution can further improve the reflection efficiency of the reflected microstructure light, thereby further improving the retro-reflective efficiency of the retro-reflective element, thereby increasing the utilization rate of the light emitted by the image source.
  • the above triangular pyramid structure is composed of three triangles perpendicular to each other.
  • the triangular pyramid structure has a single right-angled vertex, and several microstructures are distributed on the surface of the substrate, that is, several triangular pyramid structures are distributed on the surface of the substrate, and the triangular pyramid structure corresponds to
  • the right-angle apex of is located on the side close to the surface of the substrate or on the side far away from the surface of the substrate, that is, there are several right-angle apex protrusions evenly distributed on the surface of the substrate.
  • the above-mentioned cube structure is composed of three rectangular surfaces perpendicular to each other.
  • the cube structure has at least one right-angled vertex, and several microstructures are distributed on the surface of the substrate. That is, several cube structures are distributed on the surface of the substrate.
  • the right-angle apex of is located on the side close to the surface of the substrate or on the side far away from the surface of the substrate, that is, there are several right-angle apex protrusions evenly distributed on the surface of the substrate.
  • the reflective microstructure 3010 adopts a triangular pyramid structure with a regular triangle in cross section.
  • the triangular pyramid structure is composed of three right-angled isosceles triangles that are perpendicular to each other.
  • the cut surface of the cone structure is a regular triangle, and the three right-angled isosceles triangles are three reflecting surfaces;
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of a triangular pyramid structure with a regular triangle in cross section.
  • the triangular pyramid structure is a hollow concave structure.
  • the incident light enters the retroreflective element. Since the triangular pyramid structure is a hollow concave structure, the incident The light directly enters the inside of the triangular pyramid structure, and is reflected by the three reflective surfaces of the triangular pyramid structure in turn, and then is reflected in the opposite direction of the incident direction of the incident light, so that the retroreflective element emits light in the opposite direction of the incident direction of the incident light. .
  • the triangular pyramid structure with a regular triangle in cross section can be, but is not limited to, a hollow concave structure; the three reflective surfaces inside the triangular pyramid structure (that is, the inner surface of the triangular pyramid structure closer to the dispersion element 300) can also be coated with high
  • the reflective layer is used to improve the reflection efficiency of light.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the six above-mentioned triangular pyramid structures formed by regular arrangement and combination.
  • the cross section of the structure is a regular hexagonal honeycomb structure.
  • This structure has a very high reflection efficiency for incident light, and when the incident light and the triangular When the cut surfaces of the cone structure are perpendicular to each other, the reflection efficiency of the incident light reaches the highest.
  • the structure shown in FIG. 10 includes the six aforementioned triangular pyramid structures whose cross-sections are equilateral triangles.
  • the triangular pyramid structure with the above-mentioned equilateral triangle cross-section is realized as a solid structure
  • the surfaces of the six triangular pyramid structures are located on the same plane, and the six triangular pyramid structures
  • the surface of a regular triangle is arranged in a regular hexagon.
  • the retroreflective element 301 further includes the substrate 3011
  • the surfaces of the six solid triangular pyramid structures in the shape of a regular triangle are all parallel to the surface of the substrate 3011 (for example, they are in direct contact with the surface of the substrate 3011).
  • the above-mentioned six solid triangular pyramid structures are located on the surface of the substrate 3011 away from the dispersion element 300; for example, in the case where the retroreflective element 301 further includes a reflective layer, the reflective layer is located on the six solid triangular pyramid structures.
  • the structure is on the surface of the side away from the substrate 3011.
  • the triangular pyramid structure with a regular triangle in cross section is realized as a hollow concave structure
  • the six triangular pyramid structures can also be arranged in a similar manner, which will not be repeated here.
  • the reflective microstructure 3010 in some embodiments of the present disclosure adopts a triangular pyramid structure with a regular triangle in cross section, and the triangular pyramid structure is composed of three right-angled isosceles triangles. The two are perpendicular to each other, and the cut surface of the formed triangular pyramid structure is a regular triangle, and three right-angled isosceles triangles are three reflecting surfaces.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the light path of a triangular pyramid structure with a regular triangle in cross section.
  • the triangular pyramid structure is a solid structure made of transparent materials.
  • the incident light enters the retroreflective element because the triangular pyramid structure is Solid structure, so the incident light is refracted into the triangular pyramid structure, and is reflected by the three reflective surfaces of the triangular pyramid structure in turn, and finally refracted through the triangular pyramid structure.
  • the refracted light exits in the opposite direction of the original incident light incident direction.
  • the retro-reflective element emits light in a direction opposite to the incident direction of the incident light.
  • the light can also be totally reflected on the internal reflection surface, and multiple total reflections are used to achieve efficient reflection.
  • the above-mentioned triangular pyramid structure with a regular triangle in cross section may be, but not limited to, a triangular pyramid structure with a regular triangle in cross section; it may be on the three reflective surfaces of a solid transparent structure (for example, the outer surface of the triangular pyramid structure further away from the dispersion element 300) It can be coated with a highly reflective layer to improve the reflection efficiency of light.
  • the reflective microstructure 3010 in some embodiments of the present disclosure adopts a triangular pyramid structure with a cross section of an isosceles triangle.
  • a pair of mutually perpendicular right-angled triangles (planes parallel to the planes of the three hypotenuses) are isosceles triangles, in which the three surfaces constituting the triangular pyramid structure are reflecting surfaces;
  • Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of a triangular pyramid structure with a cross section of an isosceles triangle.
  • the triangular pyramid structure is a hollow concave structure.
  • the incident light enters the retroreflective element. Since the triangular pyramid structure is a hollow concave structure, The incident light directly enters the inside of the triangular pyramid structure, and is reflected by the three reflective surfaces of the triangular pyramid structure in turn, and then is reflected in the opposite direction of the incident direction of the incident light, so that the retroreflective element is emitted in the opposite direction of the incident direction of the incident light. Light.
  • the triangular pyramid structure whose cross section is an isosceles triangle may be, but is not limited to, a hollow concave structure.
  • three reflective surfaces inside the triangular pyramid structure can also be coated with a highly reflective layer to improve the reflection efficiency of light.
  • Figure 21 it is a schematic diagram of the structure formed by the regular arrangement and combination of the six above-mentioned triangular pyramid structures. This structure has a very high reflection efficiency for incident light, and when the incident light and the tangent plane of the triangular pyramid structure are perpendicular to each other, the light The reflection efficiency is the highest.
  • the structure shown in FIG. 21 includes six triangular pyramid structures whose cross-sections are isosceles triangles (non-right triangles) described above.
  • the shape of the six triangular pyramid structures is the surface of an isosceles triangle (non-right triangle) On the same plane, and the six triangular pyramid structures are in the shape of isosceles triangles (non-right triangles), the surfaces are arranged into hexagons.
  • the triangular pyramid structure whose cross section is an isosceles triangle (non-right triangle) is realized as a hollow concave structure
  • six triangular pyramid structures whose cross section is an isosceles triangle (non-right triangle) can also adopt a similar arrangement. The method of deployment will not be repeated here.
  • the reflective microstructure 3010 in some embodiments of the present disclosure adopts a triangular pyramid structure with a cross section of an isosceles triangle, and the cut surface of the triangular pyramid structure is an isosceles triangle, wherein The three surfaces forming the triangular pyramid structure are reflective surfaces.
  • Fig. 23 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of a triangular pyramid structure with a cross section of an isosceles triangle.
  • the triangular pyramid structure is a solid structure made of transparent materials.
  • the incident light enters the retroreflective element. It is a solid structure, so the incident light is refracted into the triangular pyramid structure, and is sequentially reflected by the three reflective surfaces of the triangular pyramid structure, and finally refracted through the triangular pyramid structure.
  • the refracted light exits in the opposite direction of the original incident light incident direction. It is realized that the retro-reflective element emits light in a direction opposite to the incident direction of the incident light.
  • the triangular pyramid structure whose cross section is an isosceles triangle may be, but is not limited to, a solid transparent structure; for example, a high reflection layer may be coated on the three reflecting surfaces of the solid transparent structure to improve the reflection efficiency of light.
  • the reflective microstructure 3010 in some embodiments of the present disclosure adopts a cubic structure with a rectangular cross section, and the cubic structure includes three reflective surfaces perpendicular to each other.
  • FIG. 13 13 is a schematic diagram of the light path of a cubic structure with a rectangular cross-section.
  • the cubic structure is a hollow concave structure.
  • the incident light enters the retroreflective element. Since the cubic structure is a hollow concave structure, the incident light directly enters the inside of the cubic structure.
  • the three internal reflection surfaces reflect sequentially and then emit light in the opposite direction of the incident direction of the incident light, so that the retroreflective element emits light in the opposite direction of the incident direction of the incident light.
  • the above-mentioned cubic structure with a rectangular cross-section may be, but not limited to, a hollow concave structure; for example, three reflective surfaces inside the cubic structure may also be coated with a highly reflective layer to improve the reflection efficiency of light.
  • Figure 14 is a top view of a structure formed by a regular arrangement and combination of several cubic structures. This structure has a very high reflection efficiency for incident light, and when the incident light and the cut surface of the cubic structure are perpendicular to each other, the light The reflection efficiency is the highest.
  • the reflective microstructure 3010 in some embodiments of the present disclosure adopts a cubic structure with a rectangular cross-section, and the cubic structure includes three reflective surfaces perpendicular to each other.
  • 15 is a schematic diagram of the light path of a cube structure with a rectangular cross section.
  • the cube structure is a solid structure made of transparent materials.
  • the incident light enters the retroreflective element. Since the cube structure is a solid structure, the incident light is refracted into the cube The structure is reflected by the three reflective surfaces of the cube structure in turn, and finally refracted by the cube structure.
  • the above-mentioned cubic structure with a rectangular cross section may be, but not limited to, a solid transparent structure.
  • a highly reflective layer can be coated on the three reflective surfaces of the solid transparent structure to improve the reflection efficiency of light.
  • a reflective layer is provided between the reflective microstructure 3010 and the substrate 3011, and the reflective layer and the reflective microstructure 3010 are integrally formed or the reflective layer and the substrate 3011 are integrally formed.
  • the molding or reflective layer exists alone between the reflective microstructure 3010 and the substrate 3011.
  • the role of the reflective layer is to efficiently reflect the light incident into the spherical structure; the reflective layer can be a reflective layer with high reflectivity.
  • the reflectivity of the reflective layer is 50%-95%.
  • the above-mentioned reflective microstructure 3010 adopts a spherical structure, which adopts a solid structure made of a transparent material. Refer to FIG.
  • the incident light enters the retroreflective element because of the spherical structure. It is a solid structure, so the incident light is refracted at point P on the spherical structure into the spherical structure, and is reflected by the reflective layer between the spherical structure and the substrate. Specifically, it is reflected at the focal point O, and the reflected light finally passes through the spherical structure. The Q point is refracted again, and the refracted light exits in the opposite direction of the original incident light, so that the retroreflective element exits the light in the opposite direction of the incident light.
  • the focal point O refers to that the incident light is refracted into the spherical structure and then concentrated in a small area and then reflected, and this area is the O point.
  • the microstructure adopting the spherical structure can be directly arranged on the substrate of the retroreflective element.
  • the microstructure adopting the spherical structure directly contacts the air, and the microstructure above the microstructure Without a protective film, referring to Figure 16, the incident light directly passes through the microstructure.
  • the incident light is refracted at point P on the microstructure of the spherical structure into the spherical structure, and is reflected by the reflective layer between the spherical structure and the substrate, specifically at the focal point
  • the O point is reflected, and the reflected light is finally refracted after passing through the Q point on the spherical structure.
  • the refracted light exits in the opposite direction of the original incident light, and the incident light is directly refractionated and focused by the spherical microstructure before being reflected.
  • the reflected light exits in the opposite direction of the incident light, with the least energy loss and the highest reflected intensity of the light.
  • a metal reflective layer in order to improve the reflection efficiency of light, can be coated on the outer surface of the microstructure of the spherical structure.
  • the metal reflective layer can reflect the light incident inside the spherical structure at point O, and is highly efficient reflection.
  • the retroreflective element includes a substrate and several microstructures distributed on the surface of the substrate.
  • the retroreflective element includes a first substrate.
  • the first convergent layer is arranged on the first substrate, wherein the first convergent layer includes a reflective layer and a transparent material, the transparent material is arranged above the reflective layer, and the above-mentioned several microstructures are arranged inside the transparent material ,
  • the several spherical microstructures arranged inside the transparent material are the dispersion elements that use the reflective layer to reflect the incident light in the opposite direction of the incident direction to the top of the retro-reflective element.
  • the retroreflective element 6 is sequentially provided with a transparent material 600, a reflective layer 601 and a first substrate along the light incident direction from top to bottom.
  • the first substrate includes a backing paper 603 and
  • the back glue 602 is arranged above the backing paper.
  • the back glue plays an installation role.
  • the upper surface of the back glue 602 is attached to the reflective layer 601.
  • a number of first microstructures 604 with spherical structures are arranged inside the transparent material 600. Light is incident After reaching the first microstructure 604, it will enter the reflective layer 601 through the first microstructure 604. After the reflective layer 601 reflects the incident light back to the first microstructure 604, the first microstructure 604 is opposite to the incident direction of the light.
  • the direction reflects to the dispersive element.
  • the retroreflective element 6 may also be referred to as an embedded retroreflective element.
  • the transparent material 600 and the microstructure 604 are closer to the dispersion element than the first substrate.
  • the above-mentioned transparent material 600 may be a transparent resin material.
  • the spherical structure of the microstructure is used, and the size of the microstructures is not consistent.
  • the spherical structure of the different size is directly embedded in the transparent resin material. Since the size of the spherical structure is not completely the same, the spherical structure and the reflective layer 601 The distance between them is also inconsistent. When the light passes through the spherical structure, it cannot be guaranteed that the focal point of the spherical structure will exactly fall on the back reflective layer. At this time, the reflected light cannot be returned to the image source through the spherical structure again.
  • the above-mentioned spherical structure may be an elliptical spherical structure or a round spherical structure.
  • retroreflective element having a spherical structure Another example of the retroreflective element having a spherical structure will be exemplarily described below in conjunction with FIG. 18.
  • the retroreflective element includes a substrate and several microstructures distributed on the surface of the substrate.
  • the retroreflective element 7 includes a second substrate and a second convergent layer. The second convergent layer is provided on the second substrate, wherein the second substrate includes a backing paper 702 and a backing glue provided on the backing paper 702 701.
  • the adhesive 701 is attached to the second convergent layer; wherein the second convergent layer includes a fixed layer 700 and a second microstructure 705, the second microstructure 705 is disposed on the surface of the fixed layer 700, and the fixed layer 700 is away from the second microstructure One side of the 705 is attached to the adhesive 701.
  • the microstructure adopts a microstructure with a reflective surface, and the reflective surface may be a part of the surface of the microstructure that reflects incident light; some implementations of the present disclosure
  • the retroreflective element 7 in the example can also be referred to as a sealed retroreflective element.
  • the retroreflective element in order to protect the microstructures disposed in the second convergent layer, the retroreflective element further includes a transparent cover layer 706, which is disposed on the second convergent layer.
  • a transparent cover layer 706 On; the gap between the side of the second microstructure 705 away from the fixed layer 700 and the transparent cover layer 706 is formed with a first isolation layer 704, the refractive index of the first isolation layer 704 is smaller than the transparent cover layer, the fixed layer and The refractive index of the microstructure.
  • the first isolation layer 704 In order to make the refractive index of the first isolation layer 704 smaller than the refractive index of the transparent cover layer, the fixed layer and the microstructure, no medium can be used in the first isolation layer, then the first isolation layer 704 It is the air layer; the first isolation layer can be filled with an aerogel with a refractive index very close to air, and the refractive index of the first isolation layer can also be lower than the refractive index of the transparent cover layer, the fixed layer and the microstructure. For example, compared to the second substrate, the transparent cover layer 706 and the second microstructure 705 are closer to the dispersion element.
  • the above-mentioned second convergent layer includes a fixed layer 700 and a second microstructure 705.
  • the second microstructure 705 is disposed on the surface of the fixed layer 700.
  • the fixed layer 700 has a plurality of depressions, and each depression of the plurality of depressions can be placed at least
  • the recesses may be separated by protrusions 703, and the protrusions 703 are used to support the transparent cover 700.
  • the microstructure adopts a microstructure with a reflective surface, and the reflective material can be directly coated on the spherical structure, so that the focus can be controlled to fall on the outer surface of the spherical structure, ensuring that all from the spherical structure The light refracted by the structure to its outer surface can return to the spherical structure.
  • the effective refractive index can only be guaranteed when light enters the spherical structure from the first isolation layer.
  • the light-reflecting material is provided at least on a part of the outer surface of the spherical structure closer to the recessed portion.
  • the reflective material is at least located between the spherical structure and the recessed portion.
  • the spherical structure is solid.
  • the aforementioned fixing layer 700 may be made of resin, and the transparent cover layer 706 may be made of transparent resin.
  • the above-mentioned spherical structure may be an elliptical spherical structure or a round spherical structure.
  • the transflective device of the head-up display device provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure will be exemplified below.
  • the surface of the transflective device is a free-form surface
  • the image source emits light used to form an image.
  • the light enters the free-form surface of the transflective device, and the free-form surface reflects the light incident on it, and the reflected light enters the light control
  • the dispersion element emits the light incident on it to the retro-reflective element
  • the retro-reflective element reflects the light incident on it in the opposite direction of the incident direction
  • the reflected light reaches the dispersion element again
  • the dispersion element will The light incident on it diffuses to form a beam of a specific shape
  • the formed beam of a specific shape reaches the free-form surface of the transflective device and is reflected again, and finally forms a virtual image.
  • the surface of the transflective device is flat, and the image source emits light used to form an image.
  • the light enters the plane of the transflective device, and the plane reflects the light incident on it, and the reflected light enters the light control device.
  • the dispersion element emits the light incident on it to the retroreflective element, the retroreflective element reflects the light incident on it in the opposite direction of the incident direction, and the reflected light reaches the dispersion element, and the dispersion element will be incident on the The light on it diffuses to form a beam of a specific shape, and the formed beam of a specific shape reaches the plane of the transflective device and is reflected again, and finally forms a virtual image.
  • the head-up display device provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure will be exemplarily described below in conjunction with FIG. 19.
  • the image source 1 adopts a projection device
  • the transflective device 2 adopts the windshield of the vehicle
  • the windshield is equipped with a transflective film, which is used to improve the reflectivity and transmittance of light.
  • the positional relationship among the projection device, the windshield in the vehicle, and the light control device is: projection device
  • the side where the light is projected faces the windshield of the vehicle, and the light control device is installed under the windshield of the vehicle, such as the surface of the instrument panel of the vehicle; specifically, it is projected when used in a vehicle with a windshield
  • the device is arranged on the top of the vehicle, the light emitting side of the projection device faces the front windshield of the vehicle, and the light control device is arranged under the transflective device.
  • the light control device 3 includes a retroreflective element 301 and a dispersion element 300.
  • the dispersion element 300 is arranged above the retroreflective element 301.
  • the light incident on the light control device 3 first reaches the dispersion element 300, then passes through the dispersion element 300, and then reaches the retroreflective element 301.
  • the retroreflective element 301 is used to reflect the light incident on it in the opposite direction of the incident direction, and the dispersive element 300 is used to diffuse the light incident on it, and the light is diffused by the dispersive element to form a beam of specific shape. (The dotted line in the figure represents the diffused beam light).
  • the projection device emits light used to form an image.
  • the light is incident on the windshield and is reflected by the windshield (the first reflection refers to the first reflection relative to the windshield itself) ,
  • the reflected light reaches the light control device, the light that reaches the light control device first reaches the dispersion element 300, passes through the dispersion element 300, and then exits to the retro-reflective element 301, and the retro-reflective element 301 will incident on it in the opposite direction of incidence Direction, the emitted light reaches the upper dispersion element 300 again, the dispersion element 300 diffuses the light incident on it to form a beam with a specific shape, and the specific shape of the beam reaches the windshield, and the windshield will enter
  • the light beam on it is reflected twice (the second reflection refers to the second reflection relative to the windshield itself) to form a virtual image.
  • the reflected light is emitted to a predetermined area, and the driver can be in the eye during driving. Observe large-size image information in the
  • the above-mentioned projection device includes a projection light source, an image generation unit and a lens part.
  • the projection light source emits light, which is converted into image light by the image generation unit, and the image light is then emitted through the lens part to form projection light.
  • the projection device includes an LCD projection device and a DLP device;
  • the light source emits light, which can be a gas discharge light source, including ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, short-arc xenon lamp, and metal halide lamp; the projection light source can also be an electroluminescent light source, such as a light emitting diode (LED); It can be a laser light source; the image generation unit converts light into image light, which can specifically be a liquid crystal layer (Liquid Crystal Display, LCD) or a digital micromirror device (Digital Micromirror Device, DMD).
  • the lens part emits projection light, the image light passes through the lens part to form a projection light, and the projection light is projected on the screen to form a real image.
  • the lens portion includes a convex lens, or an equivalent lens group that functions similarly to the convex lens, such as a combination of a convex lens, a concave lens, and a Fresnel lens.
  • the projection device can be a wide-angle or ultra-wide-angle projection device, which can project a large-size image. Combined with a large-size light control device, the head-up display device can display a large-size image.
  • the head-up display device provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure will be exemplarily described below in conjunction with FIG. 20.
  • the image source 1 adopts a projection device
  • the transflective device 2 adopts the windshield of the vehicle.
  • the windshield is equipped with a transflective film, which is used to improve the reflectance and transmittance of light.
  • the positional relationship among the projection device, the windshield in the vehicle, and the light control device is: projection device projection
  • the side of the light is facing the windshield of the vehicle, and the light control device is installed under the windshield of the vehicle, such as the surface of the dashboard of the vehicle; specifically, it is projected when used in a vehicle with a windshield
  • the device is arranged on the top of the vehicle, the light emitting side of the projection device faces the front windshield of the vehicle, and the light control device is arranged under the transflective device.
  • the light control device 3 includes a retroreflective element 301 and a dispersion element 300.
  • the dispersion element 300 is arranged above the retroreflective element 301.
  • the light incident on the light control device 3 first reaches the dispersion element 300, then passes through the dispersion element 300, and then reaches the retroreflective element 301.
  • the retro-reflective element 301 is used to reflect the light incident on it in the opposite direction of the incident direction, and the dispersion element 300 is used to diffuse the light incident on it, and the light is diffused by the dispersion element to form two beams of specific shapes (The dotted line in the figure represents the rays of the two beams after dispersion).
  • the specific light path is shown in Fig. 24, using a multi-beam dispersing element, which can diffuse the light incident on it into two beams with a specific shape.
  • the multi-beam dispersing element includes a light diffusion layer 3000 and a light beam.
  • the light used to form an image is emitted by the projection device. After reaching the windshield, the light is reflected by the windshield, and the reflected light A reflected by the windshield or the transflective device reaches the multi-beam dispersion element, and passes through the multi-beam dispersion element.
  • the reflected light A becomes the light B that is closer to vertical (for example, perpendicular to the substrate of the retroreflective element 301 or perpendicular to the arrangement surface of the microstructure of the retroreflective element 301), and the light B enters the retroreflective element and is reflected back
  • the element emits in the opposite direction of the incident direction of the incident light (here, the incident light refers to the light B), the outgoing light C is still close to vertical, and the outgoing light C enters from the light orientation layer, passes through the light orientation layer and the light diffusion layer, and finally from
  • the light emitted by the multi-beam dispersion element is separated into two beams.
  • the main optical axes of the two beams are D and E respectively.
  • the light whose main optical axis is D is reflected by the windshield and covers the eye box area.
  • the main optical axis The beam of E is reflected by the windshield and then covers the projection device.
  • the multi-beam dispersing element in some embodiments of the present disclosure is used.
  • the multi-beam dispersing element can diffuse to form two beams, one of which is reflected After that, it can cover the eye box area, and one beam can cover the projection device after being reflected; based on the above embodiment, when the multi-beam dispersion element is used, the position of the projection device can be further limited, and the main optical axis of the multi-beam dispersion element is E
  • the light beam in the direction of is parallel to the direction of the above-mentioned reflected light A, and is reflected by the windshield, and the main optical axis of the reflected light is parallel to the light emitted by the projection device.
  • the multi-beam dispersing element when used, the light will not be emitted to the position between the projection device and the eye box area, which can further improve the light efficiency.
  • a large-size HUD can be realized. Visualization.
  • the projection device emits light used to form an image.
  • the light is incident on the windshield and is reflected by the windshield (the first reflection refers to the first reflection relative to the windshield itself) ,
  • the reflected light reaches the light control device, the light that reaches the light control device first reaches the dispersion element 300, passes through the dispersion element 300, and then exits to the retro-reflective element 301, and the retro-reflective element 301 will incident on it in the opposite direction of incidence Direction, the emitted light reaches the upper dispersion element 300 again, and the dispersion element 300 diffuses the light incident on it to form two beams of specific shape.
  • the specific shape of the beam reaches the windshield, and the windshield will enter
  • the light beam on it is reflected twice (the second reflection refers to the second reflection relative to the windshield itself) to form a virtual image, and the reflected light is emitted to two areas, one of which is a predetermined area, and the driver Large-size image information can be observed in the eye box area during driving.
  • the device can efficiently use the projection light, can form a large FOV image outside the windshield, and can form a large-size, high-definition, high-brightness image with low power consumption, which greatly improves the HUD experience .
  • the above-mentioned projection device includes a projection light source, an image generation unit and a lens part.
  • the projection light source emits light, which is converted into image light by the image generation unit, and the image light is then emitted through the lens part to form projection light.
  • the projection device includes an LCD projection device and a DLP device;
  • the light source emits light, which can be a gas discharge light source, including ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, short-arc xenon lamp, and metal halide lamp; the projection light source can also be an electroluminescent light source, such as a light emitting diode (LED); It can be a laser light source; the image generation unit converts light into image light, which can specifically be a liquid crystal layer (Liquid Crystal Display, LCD) or a digital micromirror device (Digital Micromirror Device, DMD).
  • the lens part emits projection light, the image light passes through the lens part to form a projection light, and the projection light is projected on the screen to form a real image.
  • the lens portion includes a convex lens, or an equivalent lens group that functions similarly to the convex lens, such as a combination of a convex lens, a concave lens, and a Fresnel lens.
  • the reflective microstructure 3010 in the retro-reflective element 301 adopts a spatial structure composed of three surfaces two by two perpendicular to each other, and the spatial structure is made of a transparent material
  • the reflective microstructure 3010 in the retroreflective element 301 is a spherical microstructure and the spherical microstructure is a solid structure made of transparent material
  • the retroreflective element 301 needs to be designed accordingly.
  • retroreflective element 301 An example of the retroreflective element 301 provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure will be exemplarily described below in conjunction with FIG. 25 and FIG. 26.
  • the retroreflective element 301 includes a substrate 3011 and a number of reflective microstructures 3010 distributed on the surface of the substrate 3011.
  • the reflective microstructures 3010 are evenly distributed on the surface of the substrate 3011.
  • the reflective microstructures 3010 can The light incident thereon is reflected in the opposite direction of the incident direction; a recess is formed between several reflective microstructures 3010, and a filler 3012 is provided in the recess.
  • the filler 3012 serves as a support and protection and is provided with a filler When the retro-reflective element 301 of the object 3012 is connected to an external element, it can be ensured that the reflective microstructure 3010 in the retro-reflective element 301 is not damaged by compression, so that the retro-reflective element with the reflective microstructure has scalability in application.
  • the filler 3012 is made of the following materials: rubber filler, plastic filler, polymer filler or others.
  • the above-mentioned reflective microstructure 3010 itself has a reflective surface, and the reflective surface enables the reflective microstructure 3010 to reflect light incident thereon in a direction opposite to the incident direction.
  • the reflective surface of the reflective microstructure 3010 itself refers to the surface where the reflective microstructure 3010 and the filler 3012 are in contact, that is, the reflective surface of the reflective microstructure 3010 itself refers to the reflective microstructure 3010 and the filler 3012 The interface between.
  • a reflective layer 3013 is provided on the reflective surface of the reflective microstructure 3010.
  • the reflective layer 3013 is located between the reflective microstructure 3010 and the filler 3012.
  • the reflective layer 3013 has a higher resistance to light. When light enters the retro-reflective element 301, the light is efficiently reflected after reaching the reflective layer 3013, so that the retro-reflective element 301 has a higher reflectivity to the light.
  • the reflective layer 3013 on the reflective surface of the reflective microstructure 3010 has a high reflectivity to light, and the reflective layer 3013 has a reflectivity of 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% or more;
  • the reflectivity of the reflective layer 3013 to light can even reach 95%.
  • a reflective layer 3013 is provided on the reflective surface of the reflective microstructure 3010, and the reflective layer 3013 is located between the reflective microstructure 3010 and the filler 3012. Meanwhile, the reflective layer 3013 has a high reflectivity to light.
  • the light enters the retro-reflective element 301, the light reaches the reflective layer 3013 and is efficiently reflected, so that the retro-reflective element 301 has a high reflectivity to the light.
  • the reflective layer 3013 of some embodiments of the present disclosure is: the reflective layer 3013 is formed by stacking film layers, each film layer has a refractive index property, the reflective layer 3013 includes at least a part of the stacked film layers, and the part of the stacked film layers The refractive index between adjacent film layers in the film layer is high and low, and the part of the stacked film layer includes at least a pair of adjacent film layers with high and low refractive index distribution.
  • the reflective layer 3013 is formed by stacking film layers.
  • all stacked film layers include a first film layer m 1 , a second film layer m 2 , a third film layer m 3 , The fourth film layer m 4 ... the n-1 film layer m n-1 and the n film layer m n , wherein the reflective layer 3013 includes at least a part of the stacked film layer, and this part of the stacked film layer is only in all the stacked film layers
  • the refractive index between adjacent film layers in the partially stacked film layer is high and low, and the partially stacked film layer includes at least a pair of adjacent film layers with high and low refractive index distributions.
  • This part of the stacked film layer may include 5 pairs of adjacent film layers with a high and low refractive index distribution (the partial stacked film).
  • the adjacent film layers with high and low refractive index distributions in the layer can be but not limited to 5 pairs), and the 5 pairs of adjacent film layers with high and low refractive index distributions can be: n-10th film layer m n-10 to nth -1 film layer m n-1 , wherein the refractive index of the n-10th film layer m n-10 is higher than the refractive index of the n-9th film layer m n-9 , and the n-8th film layer m n-8
  • the refractive index is higher than that of the n-7th film layer m n-7 , the n-6th film layer m n-6 has a higher refractive index than the n-5th film layer
  • the more pairs of adjacent film layers with high and low refractive index distributions in some stacked film layers the higher the reflectivity of the reflective layer 3013 to light, and the higher the reflectivity of the optical element to light.
  • the number of pairs of adjacent film layers with high and low refractive index distribution in part of the stacked film layers can be but not limited to 50 pairs; the number of pairs of adjacent film layers with high and low refractive index distributions in some stacked film layers can range from 5 to 100 Yes; when the number of pairs of adjacent film layers with high and low refractive index distributions in part of the stacked film layers is between 20 and 30 pairs, the reflective layer has a very high reflection efficiency of light, so that the optical element has extremely high reflection efficiency of light. high.
  • the above-mentioned reflective layer 3013 is formed by stacking film layers, and the refractive index of the film layers is not less than two.
  • the refractive index in the reflective layer 3013 includes two types, the refractive index of the n-10th film layer m n-10 , the refractive index of the n-8th film layer m n-8 , and the n-6th film layer m n- 6 , the refractive index of the n-4th film layer m n-4 , and the n-2th film layer m n-2 are all the same;
  • the n-9th film layer m n-9 has the same refractive index and n-7 film layer m n-7 refractive index, n-5 film layer m n-5 refractive index, n-3 film layer m n-3 refractive index, n-1 film layer m n-
  • the refractive index of 1 is the same; the refractive index of the n-10th film layer mn-10 is
  • the refractive index in the reflective layer 3013 is greater than two, as long as the above is satisfied: the n-10th film layer m n-10 to the n-1th film layer m n-1 , where the n-10th film layer m n-10
  • the refractive index is higher than the refractive index of the n-9th film layer m n-9
  • the refractive index of the n-8th film layer m n-8 is higher than the refractive index of the n-7th film layer m n-7 .
  • the refractive index of the film layer m n-6 is higher than the refractive index of the n-5th film layer m n-5 , and the refractive index of the n-4th film layer m n-4 is higher than that of the n-3th film layer m n- 3
  • the refractive index of the n-2th film layer m n-2 is higher than the refractive index condition of the n-1th film layer m n-1
  • the refractive index of the n-10th film layer m n-10 N-8th film layer m n-8 refractive index
  • the refractive index of n-2 can be different, the refractive index of the n-9th film layer m n-9 , the refractive index of the n-7th film layer m n-7 , the refractive index of the n-5th
  • the thickness of the above-mentioned film layer ranges from 50 to 190 nm, and the thickness of the film layer is not limited to this range.
  • the above-mentioned reflective microstructure 3010 is made of a transparent material (for light incident on the retroreflective element 301), and the refractive index of the transparent material is all greater than 1, that is, the refractive index of the reflective microstructure 3010 is greater than 1.
  • the reflective layer 3013 is connected to the reflective surface of the reflective microstructure 3010 in the form of coating.
  • the layers of the reflective layer 3013 are stacked and connected by bonding, vapor deposition, electroplating, sputtering, or deposition.
  • the reflective layer 3013 is formed by stacking film layers with different refractive indexes, and the refractive index between adjacent film layers is arranged in a high and low arrangement.
  • the above-mentioned layers arranged in high and low refractive index can be made of the following materials:
  • the film with high refractive index can be but not limited to: strontium titanate film, chromium oxide film, copper oxide film, titanium dioxide (rutile type) film, titanium dioxide (anatase type) film, non Crystal selenium film, zinc oxide film, gallium nitride film, iodine crystal film, amorphous silicon film, monocrystalline silicon film, titanium pentoxide film, zirconium dioxide film, tantalum pentoxide Film layer, niobium pentoxide film layer.
  • the film layer with a low refractive index may be, but is not limited to: a silicon dioxide film layer and a magnesium fluoride film layer.
  • high reflectivity of the reflective layer to light can be achieved, thereby achieving high reflectivity of the retroreflective element to light.
  • the refractive index between all adjacent film layers in the reflective layer 3010 is high and low, that is, the refractive index of the first film layer m 1 is higher than the refractive index of the second film layer m 2 , and the third film layer m
  • the refractive index of 3 is higher than the refractive index of the fourth film m 4
  • the refractive index of the fifth film m 5 is higher than the refractive index of the sixth film m 6
  • the refractive index of 1 is higher than the refractive index of the nth film layer m n .
  • the refractive index between all adjacent layers in the reflective layer 3013 is high and low.
  • the reflective layer 3013 includes two refractive indexes, one of which is higher than the other. That is, the refractive index of the first film layer m 1 , the refractive index of the third film layer m 3 , and the refractive index of the fifth film layer m 5 are all the same, the refractive index of the second film layer m 2 and the fourth film layer m
  • the refractive index of 4 and the refractive index of the sixth film layer m 6 are the same, and the refractive index of the first film layer m 1 is higher than the refractive index of the second film layer m 2 .
  • the reflective layer 3013 is composed of two film layers with different refractive indexes repeatedly stacked in the order of high and low refractive index.
  • the reflective layer 3013 in the above example has a very high reflectivity to light, so the retroreflective element 301 has a high reflectivity to light.
  • the number of layers of the above-mentioned film layer is not less than 2 layers.
  • the more the number of film layers the higher the reflectivity of the reflective layer 3013, and the higher the reflectivity of the retroreflective element, so that the retroreflective element The reflectivity of light is high.
  • the reflective layer 3013 provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited to being implemented as a multilayer dielectric film.
  • the reflective layer 3013 provided on the reflective surface of the reflective microstructure 3010 may be a metal reflective layer.
  • the metal reflective layer has high reflection efficiency for light.
  • the metal reflective layer can be an aluminum metal reflective layer or a silver metal reflective layer or others.
  • the metal reflective layer can be connected to the reflective surface of the reflective microstructure 3010 through but not limited to plating. .
  • the refractive index of the reflective layer 3013 provided on the reflective surface of the reflective microstructure 3010 can be designed to be lower and lower than the refractive index of the reflective microstructure 3010 itself (that is, the refractive index of the reflective microstructure 3010 and the reflective layer
  • the refractive index difference of 3013) is not less than 0.15
  • the reflective microstructure 3010 is made of a transparent material, and the refractive index of the transparent material is greater than 1, then the refractive index of the reflective microstructure 3010 is greater than 1, so that the reflective layer 3013 is resistant to light
  • the reflective back-reflecting element 301 has a high reflection efficiency for light.
  • the refractive index of the reflective layer 3013 is lower than the refractive index of the reflective microstructure 3010, when the light is incident from the side of the reflective microstructure 3010, it is emitted from the optically dense medium to the optically thinner medium. The light is totally reflected, which further improves the reflection efficiency.
  • the reflective microstructure itself is made of a transparent material.
  • the transparent material can be a polymer transparent material, glass or other.
  • the refractive index of the transparent material is greater than 1.
  • the reflective layer on the reflective surface of the reflective microstructure 3013 can use the materials in Table 1, as long as the refractive index is lower than the refractive index of the reflective microstructure 3010 itself and the lower value is not less than 0.15, the reflective layer material provided on the reflective surface of the reflective microstructure can be but not limited to Table 2. In each material.
  • the reflective microstructure 3010 in the retroreflective element 301 will be exemplified below.
  • the reflective microstructure 3010 in the retro-reflective element 301 adopts a spatial structure composed of three surfaces two by two perpendicular to each other, and the spatial structure is made of transparent material
  • the reflective microstructure 3010 may be, but not limited to, a space structure composed of three surfaces perpendicular to each other, three of which are reflective surfaces, and three surfaces are perpendicular to each other.
  • the structure is a solid structure made of transparent materials.
  • a space structure composed of three surfaces perpendicular to each other may include, but is not limited to, a triangular pyramid structure with a regular triangle in cross section, a triangular pyramid structure with an isosceles triangle in a cross section, or a cubic structure with a rectangular cross section.
  • Figure 12 for a triangular pyramid structure with a regular triangle in cross section.
  • the incident light when incident light enters the retroreflective element, the incident light is refracted into the triangular pyramid structure with a regular triangle in cross section, and reflected inside the triangular pyramid structure with a regular triangle in cross section Three reflections occur on the surface, and then the triangular pyramid structure is refracted, and the refracted light is in the opposite direction of the incident light.
  • Figure 23 for a triangular pyramid structure with an isosceles triangle in section.
  • the incident light when incident light enters the retroreflective element, the incident light is refracted into the triangular pyramid structure with an isosceles triangle in cross section. Three reflections occur on the internal reflection surface of the structure, and then the triangular pyramid structure is refracted, and the refracted light is in the opposite direction of the incident light.
  • Figure 15 for a cubic structure with a rectangular cross-section.
  • the incident light when incident light enters the retroreflective element, the incident light is refracted into the cubic structure with a rectangular cross-section, and three reflections occur on the internal reflective surface of the cubic structure with a rectangular cross-section. Then the cube structure with a rectangular cross section is refracted, and the refracted light is in the opposite direction of the incident light.
  • the reflective microstructure 3010 in the retroreflective element 301 adopts a spherical microstructure and the spherical microstructure is a solid structure made of a transparent material
  • the The spherical microstructure itself has a reflective layer, and the reflectivity of the reflective layer can be as high as 95%.
  • Figure 16 for the spherical microstructure.
  • the retroreflective element is provided on the external support element part, specifically the filler is provided on the external support element 3014, as shown in FIG. 28 .
  • the retro-reflective element When light is incident on the retro-reflective element, back reflection occurs.
  • the substrate 3011 and the reflective microstructures 3010 distributed on the surface of the substrate 3011 have a refractive index greater than 1, the light should be refracted into and refracted out of the substrate 3011 with reflective microstructures.
  • the refraction process is not shown in the diagram, but only schematically shows the process in which the light is reflected one or more times on the reflective microstructure 3010, and the reflected light exits in the opposite direction of the incident light.
  • FIG. 29 is a schematic structural diagram of a retroreflective element provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the retroreflective element 301 includes a plurality of reflective microstructures 3010 (solid reflective microstructures 3010_1) and a reflective layer 3013 distributed on the surface of the substrate 3011; reflective microstructures 3010 (solid reflective microstructures) 3010_1) Located on the side of the substrate 3011 away from the dispersion element 300, the reflective surface 3015 of the reflective microstructure 3010 (solid reflective microstructure 3010_1) is provided with a reflective layer 3013, that is, the reflective layer 3013 can be provided on the reflective microstructure 3010 (Solid reflective microstructure 3010_1) on the surface of the side away from the substrate 3011.
  • the substrate 3011 and a plurality of reflective microstructures 3010 shown in FIG. 9 can be integrally formed; for example, there is no interface between the substrate 3011 and the reflective microstructure 3010; for example, the substrate 3011 and the reflective microstructure 3010 are in the same Formed in the manufacturing process.
  • FIG. 30 is a schematic structural diagram of another retroreflective element provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the retroreflective element shown in Figure 30 is similar to the retroreflective element shown in Figure 29; the difference between the retroreflective element shown in Figure 30 and the retroreflective element shown in Figure 29 includes: the retroreflective element shown in Figure 30 includes
  • the reflective microstructure 3010 is a solid triangular pyramid structure with an isosceles triangle (non-right triangle) in cross section
  • the reflective microstructure 3010 included in the retroreflective element shown in FIG. 29 is a solid triangular pyramid structure with a regular triangle in cross section.
  • FIG. 31 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another retroreflective element provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the retroreflective element shown in Figure 31 is similar to the retroreflective element shown in Figure 29; the difference between the retroreflective element shown in Figure 31 and the retroreflective element shown in Figure 29 includes: (1) The retroreflective element shown in Figure 31
  • the reflective microstructure 3010 (hollow reflective microstructure 3010_2) included in the element is a hollow triangular pyramid structure with a regular triangle in cross section; (2) the reflective microstructure 3010 (hollow reflective microstructure 3010_2) included in the retroreflective element shown in FIG.
  • the reflective surface 3015 (that is, the inner surface of the hollow reflective microstructure 3010_2) of the reflective microstructure 3010 (hollow reflective microstructure 3010_2) is provided with a reflective layer 3013, That is, the reflective layer 3013 may be disposed on the side of the reflective surface 3015 of the reflective microstructure 3010 (hollow reflective microstructure 3010_2) close to the dispersion element 300.
  • the substrate 3011 and a plurality of reflective microstructures 3010 shown in FIG. 31 may be integrally formed.
  • Fig. 32 is a schematic light path diagram of the retroreflective element shown in Fig. 31; the direction of the arrow in Fig. 32 indicates the transmission direction of light.
  • FIG. 33 is a schematic structural diagram of still another retroreflective element provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 34 is a schematic optical path diagram of the retroreflective element shown in Fig. 33.
  • the retroreflective element shown in Figure 33 is similar to the retroreflective element shown in Figure 31; the difference between the retroreflective element shown in Figure 33 and the retroreflective element shown in Figure 31 includes: the retroreflective element shown in Figure 33 includes
  • the reflective microstructure 3010 is a hollow triangular pyramid structure with an isosceles triangle (non-right triangle) in cross section, and the reflective microstructure 3010 included in the retroreflective element shown in FIG. 31 is a hollow triangular pyramid structure with a regular triangle in cross section.
  • FIG. 35 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another retro-reflective element provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the retroreflective element shown in Figure 35 is similar to the retroreflective element shown in Figure 29; the difference between the retroreflective element shown in Figure 35 and the retroreflective element shown in Figure 29 includes: the retroreflective element shown in Figure 35 includes
  • the reflective microstructure 3010 is a solid cubic structure with a rectangular cross section, and the reflective microstructure 3010 included in the retroreflective element shown in FIG. 29 is a solid triangular pyramid structure with a regular triangle in cross section.
  • FIG. 36 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another retroreflective element provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the retroreflective element shown in Figure 36 is similar to the retroreflective element shown in Figure 31; the difference between the retroreflective element shown in Figure 36 and the retroreflective element shown in Figure 31 includes: the retroreflective element shown in Figure 36 includes
  • the reflective microstructure 3010 is a hollow cubic structure with a rectangular cross section, and the reflective microstructure 3010 included in the retroreflective element shown in FIG. 31 is a hollow triangular pyramid structure with a regular triangle in cross section.
  • the solid and hollow triangular pyramid structures and the solid and hollow cubic structures please refer to the foregoing embodiments, and will not be repeated here.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure also provides another head-up display device, which includes a light control device.
  • the light control device includes a retro-reflective element and a diffusing element; the retro-reflective element is configured to reflect light incident on the retro-reflective element in a direction opposite to the incident direction of the light incident on the retro-reflective element; the diffusing element is configured to The light incident on the dispersion element is diffused; the light emitted from the image source and incident on the transflective device to form an image is reflected by the transflective device to the light control device, and the light reflected to the light control device passes through the dispersion element The light reflected back to the dispersion element is then reflected by the retro-reflective element back to the dispersion element, and the light reflected back to the dispersion element is incident on the transflective device again through the dispersion element, and is reflected again by the transflective device to form a virtual image on the side of the transflective device away from the image source
  • Some embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a motor vehicle, which includes the head-up display device described in any of the above embodiments.
  • the motor vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure adopts the above-mentioned head-up display device.
  • the above-mentioned head-up display device enables the driver to directly see richer information, such as navigation maps, without looking down at the dashboard during driving. Large-size screens such as complex safety information can better meet the driver's needs for controlling various types of information in the driving of the vehicle.

Abstract

一种抬头显示装置及机动车。抬头显示装置包括像源(1)、透反装置(2)和光线控制装置(3)。像源(1)被配置为出射用于形成图像的光线。透反装置(2)被配置为将入射至透反装置(2)上的光线进行反射，且允许入射至透反装置(2)上的光线透射。光线控制装置(3)包括回反射元件(301)和设于回反射元件(301)上方的弥散元件(300)；回反射元件(301)被配置为将入射到回反射元件(301)上的光线沿与入射到回反射元件(301)上的光线的入射方向的相反方向反射；弥散元件(300)被配置为将入射到弥散元件(300)上的光线进行扩散。像源(1)先出射用于形成图像的光线，用于形成图像的光线入射至透反装置(2)上，透反装置(2)将像源(1)出射的且入射至透反装置(2)上的光线进行一次反射，被透反装置(2)一次反射后的光线入射至光线控制装置(3)，首先经过弥散元件(300)后出射至回反射元件(301)，回反射元件(301)将入射至回反射元件(301)的光线沿与入射至回反射元件(301)的光线的入射方向的相反方向出射，沿与入射至回反射元件(301)的光线的入射方向的相反方向出射的光线经过弥散元件(300)，且被弥散元件(300)扩散，被弥散元件(300)扩散后的光线入射至透反装置(2)，且被透反装置(2)二次反射，并形成虚像。抬头显示装置能够实现HUD大尺寸成像。

Description

抬头显示装置及机动车
对相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求于2019年5月17日递交的中国专利申请第201910414494.0号以及于2020年5月9日递交的中国专利申请第202010388755.9号的优先权，出于所有目的，在此全文引用上述中国专利申请公开的内容以作为本申请的一部分。
技术领域
本公开的实施例涉及一种抬头显示装置及机动车。
背景技术
交通工具成为现代社会生活必不可缺少的一部分，人们通过使用各类交通工具来提高自身的社会工作生活效率。其中各种可驾驶工具随着社会经济、人民生活水平的提高被广泛使用，例如各种汽车。但驾驶工具的使用也带来了一系列的问题，最突出的就是驾驶安全问题。通常驾驶员在驾驶过程中会通过密切关注驾驶工具仪表盘上相关驾驶信息来保证可靠驾驶，然而由于驾驶工具本身体积受限，如今市场上几乎所有的驾驶工具操控台空间都比较局促，一般情况下为了提高驾驶工具操作台面的利用率，驾驶工具的仪表盘均被设计在操控台下方，由此驾驶员在驾驶过程中需要通过低头看仪表盘上的相关信息，并且在实际驾驶中，这种低头查看仪表盘上信息的动作频率非常高，驾驶员在低头过程中很有可能会导致分心，从而引来交通事故。
HUD(head up display)技术可以避免驾驶员在驾驶过程中低头看仪表盘所导致的分心，从而能保证驾驶安全。具体是通过在驾驶工具中设置HUD相关产品，一方面能够提高驾驶安全系数；另一方面HUD相关产品的使用也能带来更好的驾驶体验，符合现如今高科技生活需求。
发明内容
本公开的至少一个实施例提供了一种抬头显示装置，其包括像源、透反装置和光线控制装置。所述像源被配置为出射用于形成图像的光线；所述透反装置被配置为将入射至所述透反装置上的光线进行反射，且允许所述入射至所述透反装置上的光线透射；所述光线控制装置包括回反射元件和弥散元件；所述回反射元件被配置为将入射到所述回反射元件上的光线沿与所述入射到所述回反射元件上的光线的入射方向的相反方向反射；所述弥散元件被配置为将入射到所述弥散元件上的光线进行扩散；所述像源先出射所述用于形成图像的光线，所述用于形成图像的光线入射至所述透反装置上，所述透反装置将所述像源出射的且入射至所述透反装置上的光线进行一次反射，被所述透反装置一次反射后的光线入射至所述光线控制装置，并经过所述弥散元件后出射至所述回反射元件，所述回反射元件 将入射至所述回反射元件的光线沿与所述入射至所述回反射元件的光线的入射方向的相反方向出射，所述沿与所述入射至所述回反射元件的光线的入射方向的相反方向出射的光线经过所述弥散元件，且被所述弥散元件扩散，所述被所述弥散元件扩散后的光线入射至所述透反装置，且被所述透反装置二次反射，并形成虚像。
例如，在所述抬头显示装置的至少一个示例中，所述弥散元件采用被配置为将入射至所述弥散元件上的光线进行扩散形成的具有特定形状的光束的装置。
例如，在所述抬头显示装置的至少一个示例中，所述弥散元件被配置为将入射至所述弥散元件上的光线进行扩散形成一束或多束具有特定形状的光束。
例如，在所述抬头显示装置的至少一个示例中，所述光束的截面形状包括线形、圆形、椭圆形、正方形以及长方形中的至少一种。
例如，在所述抬头显示装置的至少一个示例中，所述回反射元件包括基材和设置在所述基材上的若干个微结构。
例如，在所述抬头显示装置的至少一个示例中，所述基材与所述微结构之间设有反射层。
例如，在所述抬头显示装置的至少一个示例中，所述反射层的反射率为50％～95％。
例如，在所述抬头显示装置的至少一个示例中，所述微结构为包括两两相互垂直的三个面的空间结构，所述三个面均配置为反射面。
例如，在所述抬头显示装置的至少一个示例中，所述空间结构采用空心凹陷结构或由透明材料制作而成的实心结构；以及在所述空间结构采用所述空心凹陷结构的情况下，所述空心凹陷结构的相互垂直的三个内表面被配置为所述反射面，在所述空间结构采用所述实心结构的情况下，所述实心结构的相互垂直的三个外表面被配置为所述反射面。
例如，在所述抬头显示装置的至少一个示例中，所述微结构为包括两两相互垂直的三个三角形的三角锥结构或包括两两相互垂直的三个矩形的立方体结构。
例如，在所述抬头显示装置的至少一个示例中，所述反射面中至少有一面上设有反射层，该反射层的反射率为50％～95％。
例如，在所述抬头显示装置的至少一个示例中，所述微结构采用球状结构。
例如，在所述抬头显示装置的至少一个示例中，所述球状结构采用由透明材料制作而成的实心结构。
例如，在所述抬头显示装置的至少一个示例中，所述透反装置表面为自由曲面或平面。
例如，在所述抬头显示装置的至少一个示例中，所述像源采用投影装置，所述透反装置采用交通工具的挡风玻璃，所述投影装置出射光线至所述交通工具的挡风玻璃，所述光线控制装置设于所述交通工具的挡风玻璃下方。
例如，在所述抬头显示装置的至少一个示例中，所述投影装置包括透镜部。
例如，在所述抬头显示装置的至少一个示例中，所述弥散元件位于所述回反射元件的靠近所述透反装置的一侧。
例如，在所述抬头显示装置的至少一个示例中，所述透反装置在所述弥散元件所在的 平面上的正投影与所述弥散元件至少部分重叠。
例如，在所述抬头显示装置的至少一个示例中，所述像源位于所述透反装置的远离所述虚像的一侧；所述像源在所述弥散元件所在的平面上的正投影与所述透反装置在所述弥散元件所在的平面上的正投影彼此间隔；以及所述像源在所述弥散元件所在的平面上的正投影与所述光线控制装置彼此间隔。
本公开的至少一个实施例还提供了一种机动车，其包括本公开的至少一个实施例提供的任一抬头显示装置。
本公开的至少一个实施例还提供了另一种抬头显示装置，其包括光线控制装置。所述光线控制装置包括回反射元件和弥散元件；所述回反射元件被配置为将入射到所述回反射元件上的光线沿与所述入射到所述回反射元件上的光线的入射方向的相反方向反射；所述弥散元件被配置为将入射到所述弥散元件上的光线进行扩散；像源出射的且入射至透反装置上的用于形成图像的光线被所述透反装置反射至所述光线控制装置上，所述被反射至所述光线控制装置上光线经过所述弥散元件后被所述回反射元件反射回所述弥散元件，所述被反射回所述弥散元件的光线经过所述弥散元件再次入射至所述透反装置上，并被所述透反装置再次反射，以在所述透反装置的远离所述像源的一侧形成虚像。
例如，在所述另一种抬头显示装置的至少一个示例中，所述抬头显示装置还包括所述透反装置。所述透反装置被配置为将入射至所述透反装置上的光线进行反射，且允许所述入射至所述透反装置上的光线透射；以及所述弥散元件位于所述回反射元件的靠近所述透反装置的一侧。
例如，在所述另一种抬头显示装置的至少一个示例中，所述透反装置在所述弥散元件所在的平面上的正投影与所述弥散元件至少部分重叠。
例如，在所述另一种抬头显示装置的至少一个示例中，所述抬头显示装置还包括所述像源。所述像源位于所述透反装置的远离所述虚像的一侧；所述像源在所述弥散元件所在的平面上的正投影与所述透反装置在所述弥散元件所在的平面上的正投影彼此间隔；以及所述像源在所述弥散元件所在的平面上的正投影与所述光线控制装置彼此间隔。
例如，在所述另一种抬头显示装置的至少一个示例中，所述像源包括投影装置。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅涉及本公开的一些实施例，而非对本公开的限制。
图1是本公开的一些实施例提供的抬头显示装置示意图一。
图2是本公开的一些实施例提供的光线控制装置结构示意图。
图3是本公开的一些实施例提供的抬头显示装置示意图二。
图4是光线经过本公开的一些实施例提供的弥散元件后形成截面为线形或圆形或椭圆形或正方形或长方形的光束的光路侧视图。
图5是光线经过本公开的一些实施例提供的弥散元件后形成截面为线形或圆形或椭 圆形或正方形或长方形的光束的光路顶视图。
图6是光线经过本公开的一些实施例提供的弥散元件后形成截面为长方形的光束的光路顶视图。
图7是光线经过本公开的一些实施例提供的弥散元件后形成两束具有特定形状光束的俯视图。
图8是光线经过本公开的一些实施例提供的弥散元件后形成两束截面均为长方形的光束的光路顶视图。
图9是本公开的一些实施例提供的回反射元件的结构示意图。
图10是本公开的一些实施例提供的六个截面为正三角形的三角锥结构排列组合形成的结构示意图。
图11是本公开的一些实施例提供的截面为正三角形的三角锥结构为空心凹陷结构时回反射原理图。
图12是本公开的一些实施例提供的截面为正三角形的三角锥结构为实心透明结构时回反射原理图。
图13是本公开的一些实施例提供的截面为矩形的立方体结构为空心凹陷结构时回反射原理图。
图14是本公开的一些实施例提供的截面为矩形的立方体结构为空心凹陷结构时排列组合形成的结构示意图。
图15是本公开的一些实施例提供的截面为矩形的立方体结构为实心透明结构时回反射原理图。
图16是本公开的一些实施例提供的球状结构回反射原理图。
图17是本公开的一些实施例提供的埋入型回反射元件示意图。
图18是本公开的一些实施例提供的密封型回反射元件示意图。
图19是本公开的一些实施例提供的在带有挡风玻璃的交通工具中抬头显示装置工作示意图一。
图20是本公开的一些实施例提供的在带有挡风玻璃的交通工具中抬头显示装置工作示意图二。
图21是本公开的一些实施例提供的截面为等腰三角形的三角锥结构排列组合形成的结构示意图。
图22是本公开的一些实施例提供的截面为等腰三角形的三角锥结构为空心凹陷结构时回反射原理图。
图23是本公开的一些实施例提供的截面为等腰三角形的三角锥结构为实心透明结构时回反射原理图。
图24是本公开的一些实施例提供的弥散元件和回反射元件的截面示意图。
图25是本公开的一些实施例提供的具有反射微结构的回反射元件的结构示意图。
图26是本公开的一些实施例提供的反射微结构的反射面上设有反射层的结构示意放 大图。
图27是本公开的一些实施例提供的膜层堆叠结构示意图。
图28是本公开的一些实施例提供的回反射元件设置在外部支撑元件上的示意图。
图29是本公开的一些实施例提供的一种回反射元件的结构示意图。
图30是本公开的一些实施例提供的另一种回反射元件的结构示意图。
图31是本公开的一些实施例提供的再一种回反射元件的结构示意图。
图32是图31所示的回反射元件的示意性光路图。
图33是本公开的一些实施例提供的又再一种回反射元件的结构示意图。
图34是图33所示的回反射元件的示意性光路图。
图35是本公开的一些实施例提供的又再一种回反射元件的结构示意图。
图36是本公开的一些实施例提供的又再一种回反射元件的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本公开实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本公开实施例的附图，对本公开实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例是本公开的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本公开的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
除非另作定义，此处使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本公开所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本公开中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。同样，“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现该词前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在该词后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同，而不排除其他元件或者物件。“连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接，而是可以包括电性的连接，不管是直接的还是间接的。“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系，当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后，则该相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。
本公开的发明人在研究中注意到，尽管传统的HUD产品有很多，但是通过相关装置和相关技术较难实现HUD大尺寸显示，因此需要提出一种新型的抬头显示装置来满足HUD大尺寸显示，下面进行示例性说明。
例如，HUD前装产品和HUD后装产品；HUD后装产品本身体积尺寸一定，HUD画像显示尺寸偏小，无法显示更加丰富的信息，例如其他复杂的安全信息。
传统HUD前装产品主要是利用驾驶工具里的挡风玻璃成像，HUD画像显示尺寸相较HUD后装产品较大，但是基于挡风玻璃成像也有一定的缺陷，就是通常视场角(Field of View)会很小，确切到数值的话一般只会在10°以内，这导致实际的HUD画像显示尺寸还是很小，一般也只能显示车速或方向信息，不能显示更加丰富的导航地图信息以及其他复杂的安全信息，难以满足驾驶员在驾驶工具行驶过程中各类信息的需求，所以使用驾驶工具挡风玻璃成像的大屏幕HUD正受到越来越多的关注。
相关的显示成像技术并不能从根本上解决大尺寸HUD显示的问题，还带来了其他一 系列的问题，但是该显示成像技术利用背光源成像时，背光源发出的光线只有极少一部分用于成像，导致成像亮度低，虽然可以通过提高光源功率来解决成像亮度低的问题，但是这相应会带来光源功耗高、且发热量大的问题，从而增加了对光源设备的散热要求，并不能从根本上解决光源光线利用率差的问题；相关的显示成像技术会产生畸变画面不稳定的问题。
本公开的至少一个实施例提供了一种抬头显示装置，其包括像源、透反装置和光线控制装置。像源被配置为出射用于形成图像的光线；透反装置被配置为将入射至透反装置上的光线进行反射，且允许入射至透反装置上的光线透射；光线控制装置包括回反射元件和弥散元件；回反射元件被配置为将入射到回反射元件上的光线沿与入射到回反射元件上的光线的入射方向的相反方向反射；弥散元件被配置为将入射到弥散元件上的光线进行扩散；像源先出射用于形成图像的光线，用于形成图像的光线入射至透反装置上，透反装置将像源出射的且入射至透反装置上的光线进行一次反射，被透反装置一次反射后的光线入射至光线控制装置，并经过弥散元件后出射至回反射元件，回反射元件将入射至回反射元件的光线沿与入射至回反射元件的光线的入射方向的相反方向出射，沿与入射至回反射元件的光线的入射方向的相反方向出射的光线经过弥散元件，且被弥散元件扩散，被弥散元件扩散后的光线入射至透反装置，且被透反装置二次反射，并形成虚像。
例如，对于本公开的至少一个实施例提供的抬头显示装置，由于光线照射在透反装置上的范围较大，从而扩大了视场角和显示区域，如此光线被透反装置反射后就可以形成大尺寸HUD图像，且被反射后的光线可出射至预定区域，预定区域即眼盒区域，这样可以保证观察到大尺寸HUD图像，在较低的功耗下就可以形成大尺寸画像。
下面结合附图对本公开作更进一步的说明。
本公开的一些实施例提供的一种抬头显示装置，参照图1，包括像源1、透反装置2和光线控制装置3，其中像源1用于出射用于形成图像的光线；透反装置2用于将入射到其上的光线进行反射且允许入射到其上的光线透射；参照图2，光线控制装置3包括回反射元件301和弥散元件300，弥散元件300设于回反射元件301上方，入射至光线控制装置3上的光线首先到达弥散元件300后经过弥散元件300再到达回反射元件301，回反射元件301用于将入射到其上的光线沿入射方向的相反方向反射，弥散元件300用于将入射到其上的光线进行扩散，光线被弥散元件扩散后形成具有一定扩散角的光束，该具有一定扩散角的光束形状可规则可不规则。
例如，像源1、透反装置2和光线控制装置3三者之间的位置关系参照图1，像源1出射的用于形成图像的光线传播到透反装置2上，透反装置2将入射到其上的光线进行反射后反射出去的光线传播到光线控制装置3上，光线控制装置3将入射的光线进行再次出射，再次出射的光线应该到达透反装置2上，透反装置2将入射到其上的光线进行再次反射，反射出去的光线到达预定区域，预定区域包括眼盒区域，眼盒区域是指双眼可以观察到图像的区域。
参照图3，首先由像源1出射用于形成图像的光线，该光线入射至透反装置2上被透 反装置2进行一次反射(该一次反射是指相对于透反装置2本身第一次进行反射)，反射出去的光线到达光线控制装置3，到达光线控制装置3上的光线首先到达弥散元件300经过弥散元件300后被扩散，扩散后的光线出射至回反射元件301，回反射元件301将入射至其上的光线沿入射方向的相反方向出射，出射的光线再次到达上方的弥散元件300，弥散元件300将入射到其上的光线再次扩散形成具有一定扩散角的光束，具有一定扩散角的光束到达透反装置2，透反装置2将入射到其上的光线进行二次反射(该二次反射是指相对于透反装置2本身第二次进行反射)，形成虚像(例如，在透反装置2的远离像源1的一侧形成虚像，参见图19)，反射出去的光线出射至预定区域。
例如，由于光线照射在透反装置上的范围较大，且光线被弥散元件扩散后存在扩散角，如此光线被透反装置反射后就可以形成大尺寸HUD图像，且被反射后的光线可出射至预定区域，预定区域即眼盒区域，这样可以保证观察到大尺寸HUD图像。
在上述方案的基础上可以在透反装置上设置透反膜，透反装置上的透反膜可以是但不限于设于透反装置靠近像源的一侧上，该透反膜的作用是将像源发出的光线进行高效反射，同时能够将外部环境光线高效透射进来，高效利用入射光线可以提高虚像的亮度。
例如，如图3所示，弥散元件300位于回反射元件301的靠近透反装置2的一侧。例如，如图3所示，光线控制装置3的设置了弥散元件300的一侧为光线控制装置3的入光侧和出光侧。
例如，如图3所示，在垂直于光线控制装置3的方向上，透反装置2与弥散元件300至少部分重叠。例如，如图3所示，在垂直于光线控制装置3的方向上，透反装置2与回反射元件301至少部分重叠。例如，如图3所示，在垂直于光线控制装置3的方向上，透反装置2与光线控制装置3至少部分重叠。例如，如图3所示，在垂直于光线控制装置3的方向上，像源1和透反装置2不重叠。例如，如图3所示，在垂直于光线控制装置3的方向上，像源1和光线控制装置3不重叠。例如，如图19所示，像源1位于透反装置2的远离虚像的一侧。
需要说明的是，尽管图1、图3和图20所示的抬头显示装置均包括像源1和透反装置2，但本公开的实施例不限于此，根据实际应用需求，在一些示例中，像源1和透反装置2的至少一个可以由用户自行配置，此种情况下，抬头显示装置可以不包括像源1和透反装置2的至少一个。例如，抬头显示装置可以不包括透反装置2，此种情况下，透反装置2可以使用用户自行配置的机动车的前挡风玻璃(前挡风玻璃的内表面)实现。
下面结合图4-图8对本公开的一些实施例提供的抬头显示装置的弥散元件进行示例性说明。
例如，弥散元件采用将入射光线进行扩散形成特定形状的光束的装置，弥散元件将入射光线进行扩散形成特定形状的光束，特定形状的光束是指光束的截面形状是一种特定的规则的形状，光束的截面形状可以是但不限于线形、圆形、椭圆形、正方形以或长方形。例如，光束的截面形状是指使用平行于弥散元件的平面剖切离开弥散元件的光线获得的截面，也即，光束的截面平行于弥散元件。又例如，光束的截面形状是指使用垂直于光束的 中心线(也即，图4和图5所示的虚线)的平面剖切离开弥散元件的光线获得的截面，也即，光束的截面垂直于光束的中心线。
例如，弥散元件300可以采用将入射光线进行扩散形成一束特定形状的光束的装置，采用该种装置，弥散元件300将入射光线进行扩散形成一束特定形状的光束，参照图4～图6，光线4经过弥散元件300，被弥散元件300扩散形成一束特定形状的光束5，光束5被扩散程度即扩散角大小取决于弥散元件300本身，该特定形状的光束的扩散角大小直接决定了可视范围的尺寸大小以及最后形成的虚像亮度；具体的关系是扩散角越小，成像亮度越高，可视角越小；反之扩散角度越大，成像亮度越低，可视角越大；所以需要设计合理的光束扩散角使得成像的亮度及可视角均在理想范围内。
参照图3，像源1出射用于形成图像的光线，该光线入射至透反装置2上被透反装置2进行一次反射(该一次反射是指相对于透反装置2本身第一次进行反射)，反射出去的光线到达光线控制装置3，到达光线控制装置3上的光线首先到达弥散元件300被弥散元件300扩散形成光束，并出射至回反射元件301，回反射元件301将入射至其上的光束沿入射方向的相反方向出射，出射的光线再次到达上方的弥散元件300，弥散元件300将入射到其上的光线再次进行扩散形成一束具有特定形状的光束，上述弥散元件300对光线的两次弥散作用共同决定了最终形成的光束的截面形状，该特定形状的光束到达透反装置2，透反装置2将入射到其上的光束进行二次反射(该二次反射是指相对于透反装置2本身第二次进行反射)，形成虚像，反射出去的光线出射至预定区域；本公开的一些实施例中弥散元件300将光线扩散形成特定形状的光束，光束中光线能量均匀分布。具有特定形状的光束照射到透反装置上被反射形成虚像，且具有特定形状的光束能量集中，当照射在透反装置上被反射后形成的图像为高亮度图像，且最后被反射的光线的至少部分(例如，大部分)落入抬头显示装置的眼盒区域(eye box)。
例如，如图3所示，眼盒区域在透反装置所在平面上的正投影被所述透反装置覆盖(例如，完全覆盖)。
例如，如图3所示，眼盒区域和像源1在垂直于光线控制装置3的方向上至少部分重叠，也即，眼盒区域在光线控制装置3所在的平面(例如，光线控制装置3所在的平面的底面)的正投影与像源1在光线控制装置3所在的平面的正投影至少部分重叠。又例如，眼盒区域在光线控制装置3所在的平面的正投影与像源1在光线控制装置3所在的平面的正投影彼此间隔。
例如，如图3所示，眼盒区域和光线控制装置3在垂直于光线控制装置3的方向上不重叠，也即，眼盒区域在光线控制装置3所在的平面的正投影与光线控制装置3彼此间隔。
例如，弥散元件300可以是但不限于衍射光学元件，该衍射光学元件可以是但不限于可以形成多种特定形状光束的光束整形元件(beam shaper)；参照图4～图5，光线4经过弥散元件300之后，会被扩散形成具有特定形状光束5，该光束5对应的光斑的大小和形状(光束5的截面形状与光斑形状相对应)由衍射光学元件本身的微观结构所决定，上述光斑形状可以是但不限于：线形、圆形、椭圆形、正方形以及长方形。参照图4，图4是 光线4经过弥散元件300后形成截面是线形或圆形或椭圆形或正方形或长方形的光束对应的光路系统侧视图，其中θ V表示光线经过弥散元件后在垂直方向上两条最大视线轴之间的夹角，θ V≈2α，α表示特征轴与最大视线轴在垂直方向上的夹角，特征轴是图4中所示的虚线位置。参照图5，图5是光线4经过弥散元件300后形成截面是线形或圆形或椭圆形或正方形或长方形的光束对应的光路系统顶视图，其中θ H表示光线经过弥散元件后在水平方向上两条最大视线轴之间的夹角，θ H≈2β，β表示特征轴与最大视线轴在水平方向上的夹角，特征轴是图5中所示的虚线位置；图6所示为光线4经过弥散元件300后形成截面为长方形形状的光束5对应的光路系统顶视图。
例如，弥散元件采用将入射光线进行扩散形成特定形状的光束的装置，弥散元件将入射光线进行扩散形成特定形状的光束，特定形状的光束是指光束的截面形状是一种特定的规则的形状，光束的截面形状可以是但不限于线形、圆形、椭圆形、正方形以或长方形。
例如，为了将光线扩散到不同方向上，扩大可视范围，并且能够提高像源出射的光线的利用率，其中弥散元件300可以采用将入射光线进行扩散形成多束特定形状光束的装置，采用该种装置，弥散元件300将入射光线进行扩散形成多束特定形状的光束，多束是指两束或两束以上，其中形成的多束光束的截面形状可以相同，形成的多束光束的截面形状也可以不同，形成的多束光束中光线能量分布均匀。
例如，参照图7和图8，光线4经过弥散元件300被弥散元件300扩散形成两束特定形状光束5，两束特定形状的光束5被扩散的程度即扩散角的大小均取决于弥散元件300本身，该特定形状的光束的扩散角大小直接决定了最后形成的虚像的尺寸大小和亮度；具体的关系是扩散角越小，成像亮度越高，可视角越小；反之弥散角度越大，成像亮度越低，可视角越大；所以需要设计合理的光束扩散角使得成像的亮度及可视角均在理想范围内；被弥散元件300扩散形成的两束特定形状光束5的截面形状相同，该两束光束中光线能量分布均匀。
例如，参照图3，像源1出射用于形成图像的光线，该光线入射至透反装置2上被透反装置2进行一次反射(该一次反射是指相对于透反装置2本身第一次进行反射)，反射出去的光线到达光线控制装置3，到达光线控制装置3上的光线首先到达弥散元件300经过弥散元件300后出射至回反射元件301，回反射元件301将入射至其上的光线沿入射方向的相反方向出射，出射的光线再次到达上方的弥散元件300，弥散元件300将入射到其上的光线进行扩散形成两束具有特定形状的光束，该两束特定形状的光束到达透反装置2，透反装置2将入射到其上的光束进行二次反射(该二次反射是指相对于透反装置2本身第二次进行反射)，形成虚像，反射出去的光线出射至两个区域，其中一个区域为眼盒区域。多光束的弥散元件可提高光效，还可实现多视角观看等应用。本公开的一些实施例中弥散元件出射两束或两束以上特定形状的光束，光束之间相互分离，分离的光束照射在透反装置上被透反装置反射，反射的光线出射至对应的区域中，这种分离式光束使得像源出射的光线被高效利用，同时提高了图像的亮度，且多光束的弥散元件能够被应用在多视角观察中，扩展性强。
例如，弥散元件300可以是但不限于衍射光学元件，该衍射光学元件可以是但不限于可以形成多种特定形状光束的光束整形元件(beam shaper)。
例如，对于可扩散出多个光束的弥散元件，具体的，该弥散元件包括光线扩散层和光线定向层，沿入射光线的入射方向依次设有光线扩散层和光线定向层，其中光线定向层将光线射向多个不同的方向，光线扩散层将多个不同方向的光线扩散为多个光束，实现弥散元件可以将光线扩散成多种特定形状的光束，该弥散元件也可以称为多光束弥散元件。
例如，如图24所示，光线定向层3001位于光线扩散层3000和回反射元件301之间。
本公开的一些实施例提供了一种抬头显示装置，参照图3，包括像源1、透反装置2和光线控制装置3，其中像源1用于出射用于形成图像的光线；透反装置2用于将入射到其上的光线进行反射且允许入射到其上的光线透射；参照图2，光线控制装置3包括回反射元件301和弥散元件300，弥散元件300设于回反射元件301上方，入射至光线控制装置3上的光线首先到达弥散元件300后经过弥散元件300再到达回反射元件301，回反射元件301用于将入射到其上的光线沿入射方向的相反方向反射，弥散元件300用于将入射到其上的光线进行扩散。
下面结合图9-图18以及图21-图23对本公开的一些实施例提供的抬头显示装置的回反射元件301进行示例性说明。
例如，参照图9，回反射元件301包括基材3011和分布在基材3011表面的若干个反射微结构3010，且反射微结构3010在基材3011表面上例如均匀分布，所有微结构结构例如一致。例如，在基材3011和反射微结构3010之间设有反射层。又例如，反射层可以设置在反射微结构3010的远离基材3011一侧的表面上。
例如，当光线入射至回反射元件301上时，光线先经过反射微结构3010后出射，基材3011和反射微结构3010之间的反射层能够使进入反射微结构3010的光线反射出去；反射层可与反射微结构3010一体成型或反射层可与基材3011一体成型或反射层可单独存在于基材3011和反射微结构3010之间或其他。当光线入射至回反射元件301后，光线先入射至微结构上，光线到达该微结构内部进行一次或多次反射后，最后沿光线入射方向的反方向出射，实现了回反射元件301可以沿入射光线的入射方向的反方向进行反射。
上述反射层可以为具有高反射率的反射层，该反射层的反射效率可为50％～95％，即入射至回反射元件301上的光线的50％～95％可被回反射元件301反射，这样能够提高光线反射的效率，进一步提高了像源出射的光线的利用率。
例如，在本公开的一些实施例的抬头显示装置中，反射微结构3010为三个面两两互相垂直组成的空间结构，其中三个面均为反射面，该空间结构采用空心凹陷结构或由透明材料制作而成的实心结构。
例如，该微结构可以为三个三角形两两相互垂直组成的三角锥结构或三个矩形两两相互垂直组成的立方体结构；当微结构为三个三角形两两相互垂直组成的三角锥结构且为空心凹陷结构时，在反射面中至少有一面上设有反射层，该反射层的反射率为50％～95％；当微结构为三个矩形两两相互垂直组成的立方体结构且为空心凹陷结构时，在反射面中至少 有一面上设有反射层，该反射层的反射率为50％～95％；上述方案可以提高光线的反射效率，从而提高了回反射元件的回反射效率，提高像源出射光线的利用率。当微结构为三个三角形两两相互垂直组成的三角锥结构且采用由透明材料制作而成的实心结构时，在反射面中至少有一面上设有反射层，该反射层的反射率为50％～95％；当微结构为三个矩形两两相互垂直组成的立方体结构且采用由透明材料制作而成的实心结构时，在反射面中至少有一面上设有反射层，该反射层的反射率为50％～95％；上述方案可以进一步提高反射微结构光线的反射效率，从而更加提高了回反射元件的回反射效率，从而提高像源出射光线的利用率。
上述三角锥结构为三个三角形两两相互垂直组成，该三角锥结构具有唯一一个直角顶点，若干个微结构分布在基材表面，即若干个三角锥结构分布在基材表面，三角锥结构对应的直角顶点位于靠近基材表面一侧或位于远离基材表面的一侧，即基材表面上均匀分布有若干个直角顶点突起。
同理，上述立方体结构为三个矩形面两两相互垂直组成，该立方体结构具有至少一个直角顶点，若干个微结构分布在基材表面，即若干个立方体结构分布在基材表面，立方体结构对应的直角顶点位于靠近基材表面一侧或位于远离基材表面的一侧，即基材表面上均匀分布有若干个直角顶点突起。
例如，在本公开的一些实施例的抬头显示装置中，反射微结构3010采用截面为正三角形的三角锥结构，该三角锥结构是由三个直角等腰三角形两两相互垂直构成，构成的三角锥结构的切面为正三角形，其中三个直角等腰三角形为三个反射面；
例如，参照图11，图11为截面为正三角形的三角锥结构的光路示意图，该三角锥结构为空心凹陷结构，入射光线入射至回反射元件，由于该三角锥结构为空心凹陷结构，所以入射光线直接进入该三角锥结构内部，并由三角锥结构的三个反射面依次反射之后朝向入射光线的入射方向的反方向反射出去，实现了回反射元件沿入射光线的入射方向的相反方向出射光线。
上述截面为正三角形的三角锥结构可以是但不限于空心凹陷结构；在三角锥结构内部三个反射面(也即，三角锥结构的更靠近弥散元件300的内表面)上还可以涂覆高反射层，用于提高光线的反射效率。
图10为六个上述三角锥结构有规则排列组合形成的结构示意图，该结构截面为正六边形的蜂窝状结构，该种结构对入射光线的反射效率非常高，且当入射光线与其中的三角锥结构的切面互相垂直时，入射光线的反射效率达到最高。
例如，图10所示的结构包括六个上述的截面为正三角形的三角锥结构。例如，如图10所示，在上述截面为正三角形的三角锥结构实现为实心结构的情况下，六个三角锥结构的形状为正三角形的表面位于同一平面上，且六个三角锥结构的形状为正三角形的表面被排布成正六边形。例如，在回反射元件301还包括基材3011的情况下，上述六个实心三角锥结构的形状为正三角形的表面均平行于基材3011的表面(例如，均与基材3011的表面直接接触)。在一个示例中，上述六个实心三角锥结构位于基材3011的远离弥散元件300的表面上；例如，在回反射元件301还包括反射层的情况下，反射层位于六个实心三角锥 结构组成的结构的远离基材3011的一侧的表面上。
例如，在在上述截面为正三角形的三角锥结构实现为空心凹陷结构的情况下，六个三角锥结构也可以采用类似的排布方式，在此不再赘述。
例如，在本公开的一些实施例的抬头显示装置中，本公开的一些实施例中的反射微结构3010采用截面为正三角形的三角锥结构，该三角锥结构是由三个直角等腰三角形两两相互垂直构成，构成的三角锥结构的切面为正三角形，其中三个直角等腰三角形为三个反射面。
例如，参照图12，图12为截面为正三角形的三角锥结构的光路示意图，该三角锥结构为由透明材料制作而成的实心结构，入射光线入射至回反射元件，由于该三角锥结构为实心结构，所以入射光线折射进入三角锥结构，并由三角锥结构的三个反射面依次反射，最后经过三角锥结构折射出去，折射出去的光线沿原入射光线的入射方向的相反方向出射，实现了回反射元件沿入射光线的入射方向的相反方向出射光线。
在本公开的一些实施例中，通过控制实心结构的折射率，还可以使得光线在内部反射面上发生全反射，利用多次全反射实现高效反射。
上述截面为正三角形的三角锥结构可以是但不限于截面为正三角形的三角锥结构；可以在实心透明结构的三个反射面(例如，三角锥结构的更远离弥散元件300的外表面)上可以涂覆高反射层，用于提高光线的反射效率。
例如，在本公开的一些实施例的抬头显示装置中，本公开的一些实施例中的反射微结构3010采用截面为等腰三角形的三角锥结构，该三角锥结构的切面(例如，与经过三个两两相互垂直的直角三角形的三个斜边的平面平行的平面)为等腰三角形，其中构成三角锥结构的三个面为反射面；
例如，参照图22，图22为截面为等腰三角形的三角锥结构的光路示意图，该三角锥结构为空心凹陷结构，入射光线入射至回反射元件，由于该三角锥结构为空心凹陷结构，所以入射光线直接进入该三角锥结构内部，并由三角锥结构的三个反射面依次反射之后朝向入射光线的入射方向的反方向反射出去，实现了回反射元件沿入射光线的入射方向的相反方向出射光线。
例如，上述截面为等腰三角形的三角锥结构可以是但不限于空心凹陷结构。例如，在三角锥结构内部三个反射面上还可以涂覆高反射层，用于提高光线的反射效率。例如，参照图21，为六个上述三角锥结构有规则排列组合形成的结构示意图，该种结构对入射光线的反射效率非常高，且当入射光线与其中三角锥结构的切面互相垂直时，光线反射效率达到最高。
例如，图21所示的结构包括六个上述的截面为等腰三角形(非直角三角形)的三角锥结构。例如，如图10所示，在上述截面为等腰三角形(非直角三角形)的三角锥结构实现为实心结构的情况下，六个三角锥结构的形状为等腰三角形(非直角三角形)的表面位于同一平面上，且六个三角锥结构的形状为等腰三角形(非直角三角形)的表面被排布成六边形。例如，在在上述截面为等腰三角形(非直角三角形)的三角锥结构实现为空心凹陷 结构的情况下，六个截面为等腰三角形(非直角三角形)的三角锥结构也可以采用类似的排布方式，在此不再赘述。
例如，在本公开的一些实施例的抬头显示装置中，本公开的一些实施例中的反射微结构3010采用截面为等腰三角形的三角锥结构，该三角锥结构的切面为等腰三角形，其中构成三角锥结构的三个面为反射面。
例如，参照图23，图23为截面为等腰三角形的三角锥结构的光路示意图，该三角锥结构为由透明材料制作而成的实心结构，入射光线入射至回反射元件，由于该三角锥结构为实心结构，所以入射光线折射进入三角锥结构，并由三角锥结构的三个反射面依次反射，最后经过三角锥结构折射出去，折射出去的光线沿原入射光线的入射方向的相反方向出射，实现了回反射元件沿入射光线的入射方向的相反方向出射光线。
例如，上述截面为等腰三角形的三角锥结构可以是但不限于实心透明结构；例如，可以在实心透明结构的三个反射面上涂覆高反射层，用于提高光线的反射效率。
例如，在本公开的一些实施例的抬头显示装置中，本公开的一些实施例中的反射微结构3010采用截面为矩形的立方体结构，该立方体结构包括三个互相垂直的反射面，参照图13，图13为截面为矩形的立方体结构的光路示意图，该立方体结构为空心凹陷结构，入射光线入射至回反射元件，由于立方体结构为空心凹陷结构，所以入射光线直接进入立方体结构内部，由立方体结构内部的三个反射面依次反射之后朝向入射光线的入射方向的反方向出射，实现了回反射元件沿入射光线的入射方向的相反方向出射光线。例如，上述截面为矩形的立方体结构可以是但不限于空心凹陷结构；例如，在立方体结构内部三个反射面上还可以涂覆高反射层，用于提高光线的反射效率。
例如，参照图14，图14为若干个立方体结构有规则排列组合形成的结构的俯视图，该种结构对入射光线的反射效率非常高，且当入射光线与其中立方体结构的切面互相垂直时，光线反射效率达到最高。
例如，在本公开的一些实施例的抬头显示装置中，本公开的一些实施例中的反射微结构3010采用截面为矩形的立方体结构，该立方体结构包括三个互相垂直的反射面，参照图15，图15为截面为矩形的立方体结构的光路示意图，该立方体结构为由透明材料制作而成的实心结构，入射光线入射至回反射元件，由于该立方体结构为实心结构，所以入射光线折射进入立方体结构，并由立方体结构的三个反射面依次反射，最后经过立方体结构折射出去，折射出去的光线沿原入射光线的入射方向的相反方向出射，实现了回反射元件沿入射光线的入射方向的相反方向出射光线。例如，上述截面为矩形的立方体结构可以是但不限于实心透明结构。例如，可以在实心透明结构的三个反射面上涂覆高反射层，用于提高光线的反射效率。
例如，在本公开的一些实施例的抬头显示装置，反射微结构3010与基材3011之间设有反射层，反射层与反射微结构3010之间一体成型或反射层与基材3011之间一体成型或反射层单独存在于反射微结构3010于基材3011之间，反射层的作用是能够将入射到球状结构内部的光线高效率的反射出去；反射层可以是具有高反射率的反射层，该反射层的反 射率为50％～95％。例如，上述反射微结构3010采用球状结构，该球状结构采用由透明材料制作而成的实心结构，参照图16，图16为球状结构的光路示意图，入射光线入射至回反射元件，由于该球状结构为实心结构，所以入射光线在球状结构上P点折射进入球状结构，并由球状结构与基材之间的反射层反射，具体是在焦点O点发生反射，反射的光线最后经过球状结构上的Q点又折射出去，折射出去的光线沿原入射光线的入射方向的相反方向出射，实现了回反射元件沿入射光线的入射方向的相反方向出射光线。具体的，焦点O点是指入射光线折射进入球状结构后会聚集在一个较小的区域处再反射，此区域即为O点。
下面结合对具有球状结构的回反射元件的一个示例进行示例性说明。
例如，在本公开的一些实施例的抬头显示装置中，采用球状结构的微结构可以直接排布在回反射元件的基材上，该采用球状结构的微结构直接和空气接触，该微结构上方没有保护膜，参照图16，入射光线直接经过该微结构，入射光线在球状结构的微结构上P点折射进入球状结构，并由球状结构与基材之间的反射层反射，具体是在焦点O点发生反射，反射的光线最后经过球状结构上的Q点又折射出去，折射出去的光线沿原入射光线的入射方向的相反方向出射，入射光线直接经过球状的微结构折射聚焦后再反射，反射光线沿入射光线的反方向出射，能量损失最少，光线的反光强度最高。
本公开的一些实施例中为了提高光线的反射效率，可以在球状结构的微结构外表面涂覆金属反光层，该金属反光层能够让入射到球状结构内部的光线在O点反射，且是高效反射。
下面结合图17对具有球状结构的回反射元件的另一个示例进行示例性说明。
例如，在本公开的一些实施例的抬头显示装置中，回反射元件包括基材和分布在基材表面的若干个微结构，在本公开的一些实施例中，该回反射元件包括第一基材和第一会聚层，第一会聚层设置在第一基材上，其中第一会聚层包括反光层和透明材料，透明材料设置在反光层上方，上述若干个微结构就设置在透明材料内部，设置在透明材料内部的若干个球状微结构就是利用反光层将入射光线沿入射方向的相反方向反射至回反射元件上方的弥散元件。
例如，参照图17，本公开的一些实施例中回反射元件6沿光线入射方向从上往下依次设有透明材料600、反光层601和第一基材，第一基材包括背纸603和设置在背纸上方的背胶602，背胶起安装作用，背胶602的上表面与反光层601贴合，在透明材料600内部设有若干个采用球状结构的第一微结构604，光线入射到第一微结构604后会透过第一微结构604入射到反光层601，反光层601将入射的光线反射回第一微结构604后，由第一微结构604沿光线的入射方向的相反方向反射至弥散元件。本公开的一些实施例中回反射元件6也可称为埋入型回反射元件。例如，相比于第一基材，透明材料600和微结构604更靠近弥散元件。
例如，上述透明材料600可以采用透明树脂材料。采用球状结构的微结构，微结构之间大小并不一致，将大小并不一致的球状结构微结构直接埋入在透明树脂材料中，由于球状结构大小并不是完全一致的，所以球状结构和反光层601之间的距离也不一致，在光线 穿过球状结构时，并不能保证该球状结构的焦点正好落在背后的反光层上，这时就不能将反射光线再次通过球状结构回到像源。例如，上述球状结构可以是椭圆球状结构或圆形球状结构。
下面结合图18对具有球状结构的回反射元件的再一个示例进行示例性说明。
例如，在本公开的一些实施例的抬头显示装置中，回反射元件包括基材和分布在基材表面上的若干个微结构，在本公开的一些实施例中，参照图18，本公开的一些实施例中回反射元件7包括第二基材和第二会聚层，第二会聚层设置在第二基材上，其中第二基材包括背纸702和设置在背纸702上的背胶701，该背胶701与第二会聚层贴合；其中第二会聚层包括固定层700和第二微结构705，第二微结构705设置在固定层700表面，固定层700远离第二微结构705的一侧与背胶701贴合，在本公开的一些实施例中微结构采用具有反光表面的微结构，反光表面可以是微结构中对入射光线进行反射的部分表面；本公开的一些实施例中回反射元件7也可称为密封型回反射元件。
例如，在本公开的一些实施例中，为了对设置在第二会聚层内的微结构进行保护，回反射元件还包括透明盖板层706，该透明盖板层706是设置在第二会聚层上；第二微结构705远离固定层700的一侧与透明盖板层706之间的空隙形成有第一隔离层704，该第一隔离层704的折射率小于透明盖板层、固定层以及微结构的折射率，为了使得第一隔离层704的折射率小于透明盖板层、固定层以及微结构的折射率，可以在第一隔离层中不使用任何介质，那么第一隔离层704中就是空气层；第一隔离层可以使用折射率非常接近空气的气凝胶填充，同样可以达到所述第一隔离层的折射率小于透明盖板层、固定层以及微结构的折射率的目的。例如，相比于第二基材，透明盖板层706和第二微结构705更靠近弥散元件。
上述第二会聚层包括固定层700和第二微结构705，第二微结构705设置在固定层700表面，固定层700具有多个凹陷部，多个凹陷部中的每个凹陷部能够放置至少一个第二微结构705，在固定层700中，为了区分出不同的凹陷部，各凹陷部位之间可以通过凸起部703间隔，凸起部703用于对透明盖板700进行支撑。
例如，在本公开的一些实施例中微结构采用具有反光表面的微结构，反光材料可以直接涂覆在球状结构上，从而可以控制焦点能够落在球状结构的外表面上，保证了所有从球状结构折射到其外表面的光线都可以返回到球状结构内。为了达到这个目的，光线只能从第一隔离层进入该球状结构时才能保证该折射率有效。例如，反光材料至少设置在球状结构的更靠近凹陷部的部分外表面上。例如，在垂直于第二基材的方向上，反光材料至少位于球状结构和凹陷部之间。例如，球状结构为固体。
例如，上述固定层700可以是树脂制成，透明盖板层706可以是透明树脂制成。
例如，上述球状结构可以是椭圆球状结构或圆形球状结构。
例如，下面对本公开的一些实施例提供的抬头显示装置的透反装置进行示例性说明。
例如，透反装置的表面为自由曲面，像源出射用于形成图像的光线，该光线入射透反装置的自由曲面上，自由曲面将入射至其上的光线进行反射，反射光线入射至光线控制装 置上，弥散元件将入射至其上的光线出射到回反射元件上，回反射元件将入射至其上的光线沿入射方向的相反方向进行反射，反射后的光线又到达弥散元件，弥散元件将入射至其上的光线扩散形成特定形状的光束，形成的特定形状的光束到达透反装置的自由曲面上被再反射，最终形成虚像。
又例如，透反装置的表面为平面，像源出射用于形成图像的光线，该光线入射透反装置的平面上，平面将入射至其上的光线进行反射，反射光线入射至光线控制装置上，弥散元件将入射至其上的光线出射到回反射元件上，回反射元件将入射至其上的光线沿入射方向的相反方向进行反射，反射后的光线又到达弥散元件，弥散元件将入射至其上的光线扩散形成特定形状的光束，形成的特定形状的光束到达透反装置的平面上被再反射，最终形成虚像。
例如，下面结合图19对对本公开的一些实施例提供的抬头显示装置进行示例性说明。
本公开的一些实施例提供的抬头显示装置，在带有挡风玻璃的交通工具中使用时，参照图19，像源1采用投影装置，透反装置2采用交通工具的挡风玻璃，且在挡风玻璃上设有透反膜，透反膜用于提高光线的反射率和透射率，其中投影装置、交通工具中的挡风玻璃、光线控制装置三者之间的位置关系是：投影装置投射光线的一面正对交通工具的挡风玻璃，光线控制装置设于交通工具的挡风玻璃的下方，如交通工具仪表台表面；具体的，在带有挡风玻璃的交通工具中使用时投影装置设于交通工具顶部，投影装置出射光线的一面正对交通工具的前挡风玻璃，光线控制装置设于透反装置的下方。
光线控制装置3包括回反射元件301和弥散元件300，弥散元件300设于回反射元件301上方，入射至光线控制装置3上的光线首先到达弥散元件300后经过弥散元件300再到达回反射元件301，回反射元件301用于将入射到其上的光线沿入射方向的相反方向反射，弥散元件300用于将入射到其上的光线进行扩散，光线被弥散元件扩散后形成一束特定形状的光束(图中以点划线表示弥散后的光束光线)。
当抬头显示装置工作时，投影装置出射用于形成图像的光线，该光线入射至挡风玻璃上被挡风玻璃进行一次反射(该一次反射是指相对于挡风玻璃本身第一次进行反射)，反射出去的光线到达光线控制装置，到达光线控制装置上的光线首先到达弥散元件300经过弥散元件300后出射至回反射元件301，回反射元件301将入射至其上的光线沿入射方向的相反方向出射，出射的光线再次到达上方的弥散元件300，弥散元件300将入射到其上的光线进行扩散形成一束具有特定形状的光束，该特定形状的光束到达挡风玻璃，挡风玻璃将入射到其上的光束进行二次反射(该二次反射是指相对于挡风玻璃本身第二次进行反射)，形成虚像，反射出去的光线出射至预定区域，驾驶员在驾驶过程中可以在眼盒区域内观察大尺寸图像信息。
上述投影装置包括投影光源、图像生成单元及透镜部，投影光源发出光线，经图像生成单元转换为图像光线，图像光线再经过透镜部出射形成投影光线，投影装置包括LCD投影装置及DLP装置；投影光源发出光线，具体可为气体放电光源，包括超高压汞灯、短弧氙灯及金属卤素灯；投影光源还可为电致发光光源，如发光二极管光源(Light Emitting  Diode，LED)；投影光源还可为激光光源；图像生成单元将光线转化为图像光线，具体可为液晶层(Liquid Crystal Display，LCD)或数字微镜器件(Digital Micromirror Device，DMD)。透镜部发出投影光线，图像光线经过透镜部之后形成投影光线，投影光线投射在屏幕上可形成实像。透镜部包括凸透镜，或与凸透镜起到类似作用的等效透镜组，如凸透镜、凹透镜和菲涅尔透镜的组合。投影装置具体可采用广角或超广角投影装置，可投射出大尺寸画面，结合设置大尺寸的光线控制装置，抬头显示装置可显示大尺寸的画面。
例如，下面结合图20对对本公开的一些实施例提供的抬头显示装置进行示例性说明。
本公开的一些实施例提供的抬头显示装置在带有挡风玻璃的交通工具中使用时，参照图20，像源1采用投影装置，透反装置2采用交通工具的挡风玻璃，且在挡风玻璃上设有透反膜，透反膜用于提高光线的反射率和透射率，其中投影装置、交通工具中的挡风玻璃、光线控制装置三者之间的位置关系是：投影装置投射光线的一面正对交通工具的挡风玻璃，光线控制装置设于交通工具的挡风玻璃的下方，如交通工具的仪表台表面；具体的，在带有挡风玻璃的交通工具中使用时投影装置设于交通工具顶部，投影装置出射光线的一面正对交通工具的前挡风玻璃，光线控制装置设于透反装置的下方。
光线控制装置3包括回反射元件301和弥散元件300，弥散元件300设于回反射元件301上方，入射至光线控制装置3上的光线首先到达弥散元件300后经过弥散元件300再到达回反射元件301，回反射元件301用于将入射到其上的光线沿入射方向的相反方向反射，弥散元件300用于将入射到其上的光线进行扩散，光线被弥散元件扩散后形成两束特定形状的光束(图中以点划线代表弥散后的两个光束的光线)。
具体的光路如图24所示，采用多光束弥散元件，该多光束弥散元件能够将入射至其上的光线扩散成两束具有特定形状的光束，该多光束弥散元件包括光线扩散层3000和光线定向层3001，其中光线定向层3001用于将光线射向多个不同的方向，光线扩散层3000用于将多个不同方向的光线扩散为多个光束。
首先由投影装置出射用于形成图像的光线，该光线到达挡风玻璃后被挡风玻璃反射，被挡风玻璃或透反装置反射的反射光线A到达多光束弥散元件，经过多光束弥散元件的反射光线A变为较接近垂直(例如，垂直于回反射元件301的基材或垂直于回反射元件301的微结构的排布面)的光线B，光线B入射至回反射元件，被回反射元件沿入射光线(此处入射光线是指光线B)的入射方向的相反方向出射，出射光线C仍较接近垂直，出射光线C从光线定向层入射，经过光线定向层和光线扩散层，最终从该多光束弥散元件出射的光线被分离为两束，两束光束的主光轴分别为D和E，其中主光轴为D的光再经过挡风玻璃反射后覆盖眼盒区域，主光轴为E的光束再经过挡风玻璃反射后覆盖投影装置，具体参照图20，采用本公开的一些实施例中的多光束弥散元件，该多光束弥散元件可以扩散形成两束光束，一束被反射后可以覆盖眼盒区域，一束被反射后可以覆盖投影装置；基于上述实施例，当采用多光束弥散元件时，关于投影装置的位置可以进一步限定，多光束弥散元件扩散的主光轴为E的方向的光束，与上述反射光线A的方向平行，经过挡风玻璃反射，反射后的光线的主光轴与投影装置发射出的光线平行。相对于弥散单个光束的实施例，利 用多光束弥散元件时，光线不会出射至投影装置和眼盒区域之间的位置，可进一步提高光效，通过上述实施例可以实现全车窗HUD大尺寸显像。
当抬头显示装置工作时，投影装置出射用于形成图像的光线，该光线入射至挡风玻璃上被挡风玻璃进行一次反射(该一次反射是指相对于挡风玻璃本身第一次进行反射)，反射出去的光线到达光线控制装置，到达光线控制装置上的光线首先到达弥散元件300经过弥散元件300后出射至回反射元件301，回反射元件301将入射至其上的光线沿入射方向的相反方向出射，出射的光线再次到达上方的弥散元件300，弥散元件300将入射到其上的光线进行扩散形成两束具有特定形状的光束，该特定形状的光束到达挡风玻璃，挡风玻璃将入射到其上的光束进行二次反射(该二次反射是指相对于挡风玻璃本身第二次进行反射)，形成虚像，反射出去的光线出射至两个区域，其中一个为预定区域，驾驶员在驾驶过程中可以在眼盒区域内观察大尺寸图像信息。该装置能够对投影光线实现高效利用，可在挡风玻璃外形成大FOV的图像，在较低的功耗下就可以形成大尺寸、高清、高亮的画像，极大提升了HUD的使用体验。
上述投影装置包括投影光源、图像生成单元及透镜部，投影光源发出光线，经图像生成单元转换为图像光线，图像光线再经过透镜部出射形成投影光线，投影装置包括LCD投影装置及DLP装置；投影光源发出光线，具体可为气体放电光源，包括超高压汞灯、短弧氙灯及金属卤素灯；投影光源还可为电致发光光源，如发光二极管光源(Light Emitting Diode，LED)；投影光源还可为激光光源；图像生成单元将光线转化为图像光线，具体可为液晶层(Liquid Crystal Display，LCD)或数字微镜器件(Digital Micromirror Device，DMD)。透镜部发出投影光线，图像光线经过透镜部之后形成投影光线，投影光线投射在屏幕上可形成实像。透镜部包括凸透镜，或与凸透镜起到类似作用的等效透镜组，如凸透镜、凹透镜和菲涅尔透镜的组合。
例如，对于本公开的一些实施例的一种抬头显示装置，当回反射元件301中反射微结构3010采用由三个面两两互相垂直组成的空间结构且该空间结构为由透明材料制作而成的实心结构时，或当回反射元件301中反射微结构3010为球状微结构时且该球状微结构为由透明材料制作而成的实心结构时，需要对该回反射元件301作相应设计。
下面结合图25和图26对本公开的一些实施例提供的回反射元件301的一个示例进行示例性说明。
例如，参照图25，该回反射元件301包括基材3011和分布在基材3011表面的若干个反射微结构3010，若干个反射微结构3010在基材3011表面均匀分布，反射微结构3010可将入射至其上的光线沿入射方向的反方向反射；在若干个反射微结构3010之间形成有凹陷部，在凹陷部内设有填充物3012，上述填充物3012起支撑保护作用，设有填充物3012的回反射元件301与外部元件连接时，可以保证回反射元件301中反射微结构3010不受挤压破坏，从而使得具有反射微结构的回反射元件在应用上具有可扩展性。例如，该填充物3012采用以下材料制作而成：橡胶填充剂、塑料填充剂、高分子填充剂或其他。
在一个示例中，上述反射微结构3010本身具有反射面，该反射面使得反射微结构3010 将入射至其上的光线沿入射方向的相反方向进行反射。例如，上述反射微结构3010本身具有的反射面是指反射微结构3010与填充物3012相接触的表面，也即，上述反射微结构3010本身具有的反射面是指反射微结构3010与填充物3012之间的界面。
在另一个示例中，参照图26，在反射微结构3010的反射面上设有反射层3013，该反射层3013位于反射微结构3010与填充物3012之间，该反射层3013对光线具有较高的反射率，当光线入射至回反射元件301时，光线到达反射层3013后被高效反射，从而使得回反射元件301对光线具有较高的反射率。
例如，反射微结构3010的反射面上的反射层3013对光线具有较高的反射率，反射层3013对光线的反射率可达60％、70％、80％或90％以上；
例如，反射层3013对光线的反射率甚至可达95％。
下面结合图27对本公开的一些实施例提供的反射层3013的一个示例进行示例性说明。
例如，在本公开的一些实施例的一种抬头显示装置中，参照图26，在反射微结构3010的反射面上设有反射层3013，该反射层3013位于反射微结构3010与填充物3012之间，该反射层3013对光线具有较高的反射率，当光线入射至回反射元件301时，光线到达反射层3013后被高效反射，从而使得回反射元件301对光线具有较高的反射率。
本公开的一些实施例的反射层3013的具体实现方式是：反射层3013是由膜层堆叠而成，各膜层均有折射率属性，该反射层3013至少包括一部分堆叠膜层，该部分堆叠膜层中相邻膜层之间折射率呈高低分布，该部分堆叠膜层至少包括一对折射率呈高低分布的相邻膜层。
例如，参照图27，反射层3013是由膜层堆叠而成，沿光线入射方向，所有的堆叠膜层依次包括第一膜层m 1、第二膜层m 2、第三膜层m 3、第四膜层m 4……第n-1膜层m n-1和第n膜层m n，其中，反射层3013至少包括一部分堆叠膜层，该部分堆叠膜层只是所有的堆叠膜层中的一部分，该部分堆叠膜层中相邻膜层之间折射率呈高低分布，该部分堆叠膜层至少包括一对折射率呈高低分布的相邻膜层。因此在n层堆叠膜层中，存在一部分堆叠膜层相邻膜层之间折射率呈高低分布，该部分堆叠膜层可以包括5对折射率呈高低分布的相邻膜层(该部分堆叠膜层中折射率呈高低分布的相邻膜层可以是但不限于5对)，该5对折射率呈高低分布的相邻膜层可以是：第n-10膜层m n-10到第n-1膜层m n-1，其中第n-10膜层m n-10的折射率高于第n-9膜层m n-9的折射率，第n-8膜层m n-8的折射率高于第n-7膜层m n-7的折射率，第n-6膜层m n-6的折射率高于第n-5膜层m n-5的折射率，第n-4膜层m n-4的折射率高于第n-3膜层m n-3的折射率，第n-2膜层m n-2的折射率高于第n-1膜层m n-1的折射率(该部分堆叠膜层在所有的堆叠膜层中的位置可以是但不限于此)。实际应用中，部分堆叠膜层中折射率呈高低分布的相邻膜层的对数越多，最终反射层3013对光线的反射率越高，从而光学元件对光线的反射率越高。部分堆叠膜层中折射率呈高低分布的相邻膜层的对数可以是但不限于50对；部分堆叠膜层中折射率呈高低分布的相邻膜层的对数范围可以为5～100对；当部分堆叠膜层中折射率呈高低分布的相邻膜层的对数在20～30对之间时，反射层对光线的反射效率极高，从而使得光学元件对光线的反射效率极高。
上述反射层3013由膜层堆叠而成，且其中膜层的折射率不少于2种。当反射层3013中折射率包括2种时，其中第n-10膜层m n-10的折射率、第n-8膜层m n-8的折射率、第n-6膜层m n-6的折射率、第n-4膜层m n-4的折射率、第n-2膜层m n-2的折射率均相同；第n-9膜层m n-9的折射率、第n-7膜层m n-7的折射率、第n-5膜层m n-5的折射率、第n-3膜层m n-3的折射率、第n-1膜层m n-1的折射率均相同；第n-10膜层mn-10的折射率不等于第n-9膜层mn-9的折射率。
当反射层3013中折射率大于2种时，只要满足上述：第n-10膜层m n-10到第n-1膜层m n-1，其中第n-10膜层m n-10的折射率高于第n-9膜层m n-9的折射率，第n-8膜层m n-8的折射率高于第n-7膜层m n-7的折射率，第n-6膜层m n-6的折射率高于第n-5膜层m n-5的折射率，第n-4膜层m n-4的折射率高于第n-3膜层m n-3的折射率，第n-2膜层m n-2的折射率高于第n-1膜层m n-1的折射率条件即可，第n-10膜层m n-10的折射率、第n-8膜层m n-8的折射率、第n-6膜层m n-6的折射率、第n-4膜层m n-4的折射率、第n-2膜层m n-2的折射率可不同，第n-9膜层m n-9的折射率、第n-7膜层m n-7的折射率、第n-5膜层m n-5的折射率、第n-3膜层m n-3的折射率、第n-1膜层m n-1的折射率可不同。
例如，上述膜层的厚度范围为50～190nm，且膜层的厚度不限于该范围。
上述反射微结构3010采用透明材料(对于入射至回反射元件301上的光线)制作而成，且该透明材料的折射率均大于1，即反射微结构3010的折射率大于1。
本公开的一些实施例中采用镀膜形式将反射层3013与反射微结构3010的反射面连接。反射层3013中各膜层之间采用粘贴、蒸镀、电镀、溅射或沉积等方式堆叠连接。
本公开的一些实施例中反射层3013为由折射率不同的膜层堆叠而成，且相邻膜层之间折射率呈高低排布。上述呈高低折射率排布的膜层可以选择以下材料制作而成：
例如，具有高折射率的膜层可以是但不限于：钛酸锶膜层、氧化铬膜层、氧化铜膜层、二氧化钛(金红石型)膜层、二氧化钛(锐钛矿型)膜层、非晶硒膜层、氧化锌膜层、氮化镓膜层、碘晶体膜层、非晶硅膜层、单晶硅膜层、五氧化三钛膜层、二氧化锆膜层、五氧化二钽膜层、五氧化二铌膜层。例如，具有低折射率的膜层可以是但不限于：二氧化硅膜层、氟化镁膜层。
通过本公开的一些实施例的高折射率膜层和低折射率膜层，可以实现反射层对光线的高反射率，从而实现回反射元件对光线的高反射率。
在一个示例中，反射层3010中所有相邻膜层之间折射率均呈高低分布，即第1膜层m 1的折射率高于第2膜层m 2的折射率，第3膜层m 3的折射率高于第4膜层m 4的折射率，第5膜层m 5的折射率高于第6膜层m 6的折射率，依此类推，第n-1膜层m n-1的折射率高于第n膜层m n的折射率。
上述反射层3013中所有相邻膜层之间折射率均呈高低分布，本公开的一些实施例中反射层3013包括两种折射率，其中一种折射率高于另一种折射率。即第1膜层m 1的折射率、第3膜层m 3的折射率、第5膜层m 5的折射率，…均相同，第2膜层m 2的折射率、第4膜层m 4的折射率、第6膜层m 6的折射率，…均相同，其中第1膜层m 1的折射率高于第2 膜层m 2的折射率。即反射层3013由两种不同折射率的膜层按高低折射率顺序重复堆叠组成。上述示例的反射层3013对光线的反射率非常高，从而回反射元件301对光线的反射率很高。
例如，上述膜层的层数为不低于2层，相应的若膜层层数越多，则反射层3013的反射率越高，从而回反射元件的反射率越高，从而使得回反射元件对光线的反射率较高。
需要说明的是，本公开的一些实施例提供的反射层3013不限于实现为多层介质膜，根据实际应用需求，设于反射微结构3010的反射面上的反射层3013可以为金属反射层，该金属反射层对光线的反射效率较高，该金属反射层可采用铝金属反射层或银金属反射层或其他，该金属反射层可通过但不限于镀层方式与反射微结构3010的反射面连接。
例如，设于反射微结构3010的反射面上的反射层3013的折射率可以设计成比反射微结构3010本身的折射率低且低的数值(也即，反射微结构3010的折射率与反射层3013的折射率的差值)不小于0.15，反射微结构3010采用透明材料制作而成，且该透明材料的折射率大于1，则反射微结构3010的折射率大于1，使得反射层3013对光线的反射回反射元件301对光线的反射效率较高。
例如，因反射层3013的折射率低于反射微结构3010的折射率，光线由反射微结构3010一侧入射时，是从光密介质射向光疏介质，还可以对入射至其上的部分光线进行全反射，进一步提高了反射效率。
例如，反射微结构本身采用透明材料制作而成，该透明材料可以采用高分子透明材料、玻璃或其他，该透明材料的折射率大于1；相应的，设于反射微结构反射面上的反射层3013可以采用表1中各材料，只要满足折射率比反射微结构3010本身的折射率低且低的数值不小于0.15，设于反射微结构反射面上的反射层材料可以是但不限于表2中各材料。
表2
Figure PCTCN2020090604-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2020090604-appb-000002
下面对回反射元件301中反射微结构3010进行示例性说明。
例如，在本公开的一些实施例的一种抬头显示装置中，当回反射元件301中反射微结构3010采用由三个面两两互相垂直组成的空间结构且该空间结构为由透明材料制作而成的实心结构时，该反射微结构3010可以是但不限于由三个面两两相互垂直组成的空间结构，其中三个面均为反射面，且由三个面两两相互垂直组成的空间结构是由透明材料制作而成的实心结构。
例如，三个面两两相互垂直组成的空间结构可以包括但不限于截面为正三角形的三角锥结构或截面为等腰三角形的三角锥结构或截面为矩形的立方体结构。
例如，截面为正三角形的三角锥结构参照图12，图12中当入射光线入射至回反射元件，入射光线折射进入截面为正三角形的三角锥结构，在截面为正三角形的三角锥结构内部反射面上发生三次反射，随后折射出该三角锥结构，折射光线沿入射光线的相反方向。
例如，截面为等腰三角形的三角锥结构参照图23，图23中当入射光线入射至回反射元件，入射光线折射进入截面为等腰三角形的三角锥结构，在截面为等腰三角形的三角锥结构内部反射面上发生三次反射，随后折射出该三角锥结构，折射光线沿入射光线的相反方向。
例如，截面为矩形的立方体结构参照图15，图15中当入射光线入射至回反射元件，入射光线折射进入截面为矩形的立方体结构，在截面为矩形的立方体结构内部反射面上发生三次反射，随后折射出该截面为矩形的立方体结构，折射光线沿入射光线的相反方向。
例如，在本公开的一些实施例的一种抬头显示装置中，当回反射元件301中反射微结构3010采用球状微结构时且该球状微结构为由透明材料制作而成的实心结构时，该球状微结构本身带有反射层，该反射层的反射率可高达95％。该球状微结构参照图16，当光线入射至回反射元件时，光线在球状微结构上P点折射进入球状微结构，并在球状微结构内部O点发生反射，反射光线达到球状微结构上Q点，再次发生折射，折射光线沿入射光线的相反方向。
例如，对于本公开的一些实施例的一种抬头显示装置，在实际应用中，该回反射元件设于外部支撑元件部件上，具体是填充物设于外部支撑元件3014上，如图28所示，当光线入射至回反射元件时发生回反射。应当理解，因基材3011和分布在基材3011表面的反射微结构3010具有大于1的折射率，因此光线应是折射进入和折射出带有反射微结构的基材3011，为方便示意，图中未画出折射过程，仅示意性的给出光线在反射微结构3010上 发生一次或多次反射，反射光线沿入射光线的反方向出射的过程。
图29是本公开的一些实施例提供的一种回反射元件的结构示意图。例如，如图29所示，回反射元件301包括基材3011分布在基材3011表面的多个反射微结构3010(实心反射微结构3010_1)以及反射层3013；反射微结构3010(实心反射微结构3010_1)位于基材3011的远离弥散元件300的一侧，反射微结构3010(实心反射微结构3010_1)的反射面3015上设有反射层3013，也即，反射层3013可以设置在反射微结构3010(实心反射微结构3010_1)的远离基材3011一侧的表面上。例如，图9所示的基材3011和多个反射微结构3010可以一体化形成；例如，基材3011和反射微结构3010之间不具有界面；例如，基材3011和反射微结构3010在同一制作工艺中形成。
图30是本公开的一些实施例提供的另一种回反射元件的结构示意图。图30所示的回反射元件与图29所示的回反射元件相似；图30所示的回反射元件与图29所示的回反射元件的区别包括：图30所示的回反射元件包括的反射微结构3010为截面为等腰三角形(非直角三角形)的实心三角锥结构，而图29所示的回反射元件包括的反射微结构3010为截面为正三角形的实心三角锥结构。
图31是本公开的一些实施例提供的再一种回反射元件的结构示意图。图31所示的回反射元件与图29所示的回反射元件相似；图31所示的回反射元件与图29所示的回反射元件的区别包括：(1)图31所示的回反射元件包括的反射微结构3010(空心反射微结构3010_2)为截面为正三角形的空心三角锥结构；(2)图31所示的回反射元件包括的反射微结构3010(空心反射微结构3010_2)位于基材3011的靠近弥散元件300的一侧；(3)反射微结构3010(空心反射微结构3010_2)的反射面3015(也即，空心反射微结构3010_2的内表面)上设有反射层3013，也即，反射层3013可以设置在反射微结构3010(空心反射微结构3010_2)的反射面3015的靠近弥散元件300的一侧。例如，图31所示的基材3011和多个反射微结构3010可以一体化形成。图32是图31所示的回反射元件的示意性光路图；图32的箭头的指向表示光线的传输方向。
图33是本公开的一些实施例提供的又再一种回反射元件的结构示意图。图34是图33所示的回反射元件的示意性光路图。图33所示的回反射元件与图31所示的回反射元件相似；图33所示的回反射元件与图31所示的回反射元件的区别包括：图33所示的回反射元件包括的反射微结构3010为截面为等腰三角形(非直角三角形)的空心三角锥结构，而图31所示的回反射元件包括的反射微结构3010为截面为正三角形的空心三角锥结构。
图35是本公开的一些实施例提供的又再一种回反射元件的结构示意图。图35所示的回反射元件与图29所示的回反射元件相似；图35所示的回反射元件与图29所示的回反射元件的区别包括：图35所示的回反射元件包括的反射微结构3010为截面为矩形的实心立方体结构，而图29所示的回反射元件包括的反射微结构3010为截面为正三角形的实心三角锥结构。
图36是本公开的一些实施例提供的又再一种回反射元件的结构示意图。图36所示的回反射元件与图31所示的回反射元件相似；图36所示的回反射元件与图31所示的回反射 元件的区别包括：图36所示的回反射元件包括的反射微结构3010为截面为矩形的空心立方体结构，而图31所示的回反射元件包括的反射微结构3010为截面为正三角形的空心三角锥结构。例如，实心和空心三角锥结构以及实心和空心立方体结构的具体描述请参见前述的实施例，在此不再赘述。
例如，本公开的至少一个实施例还提供了另一种抬头显示装置，其包括光线控制装置。光线控制装置包括回反射元件和弥散元件；回反射元件被配置为将入射到回反射元件上的光线沿与入射到回反射元件上的光线的入射方向的相反方向反射；弥散元件被配置为将入射到弥散元件上的光线进行扩散；像源出射的且入射至透反装置上的用于形成图像的光线被透反装置反射至光线控制装置上，被反射至光线控制装置上光线经过弥散元件后被回反射元件反射回弥散元件，被反射回弥散元件的光线经过弥散元件再次入射至透反装置上，并被透反装置再次反射，以在透反装置的远离像源的一侧形成虚像。
本公开的一些实施例还提供一种机动车，其包括上述任一实施例所述的抬头显示装置。本公开的一些实施例提供的机动车采用了上述抬头显示装置，例如，上述抬头显示装置可以使驾驶员在驾驶过程中无需低头看仪表盘就可以直接看到更加丰富的信息，比如导航地图、复杂的安全信息等大尺寸画面，因此，可以较好的满足驾驶员掌控车辆行驶中各类信息的需求。
虽然上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方式，对本公开作了详尽的描述，但在本公开实施例基础上，可以对之作一些修改或改进，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此，在不偏离本公开精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进，均属于本公开要求保护的范围。
以上所述仅是本公开的示范性实施方式，而非用于限制本公开的保护范围，本公开的保护范围由所附的权利要求确定。

Claims (25)

  1. 一种抬头显示装置，包括像源、透反装置和光线控制装置，
    其中，所述像源被配置为出射用于形成图像的光线；
    所述透反装置被配置为将入射至所述透反装置上的光线进行反射，且允许所述入射至所述透反装置上的光线透射；
    所述光线控制装置包括回反射元件和弥散元件；
    所述回反射元件被配置为将入射到所述回反射元件上的光线沿与所述入射到所述回反射元件上的光线的入射方向的相反方向反射；
    所述弥散元件被配置为将入射到所述弥散元件上的光线进行扩散；
    所述像源先出射所述用于形成图像的光线，所述用于形成图像的光线入射至所述透反装置上，所述透反装置将所述像源出射的且入射至所述透反装置上的光线进行一次反射，被所述透反装置一次反射后的光线入射至所述光线控制装置，并经过所述弥散元件后出射至所述回反射元件，所述回反射元件将入射至所述回反射元件的光线沿与所述入射至所述回反射元件的光线的入射方向的相反方向出射，所述沿与所述入射至所述回反射元件的光线的入射方向的相反方向出射的光线经过所述弥散元件，且被所述弥散元件扩散，所述被所述弥散元件扩散后的光线入射至所述透反装置，且被所述透反装置二次反射，并形成虚像。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的抬头显示装置，其中，所述弥散元件采用被配置为将入射至所述弥散元件上的光线进行扩散形成的具有特定形状的光束的装置。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的抬头显示装置，其中，所述弥散元件被配置为将入射至所述弥散元件上的光线进行扩散形成一束或多束具有特定形状的光束。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的抬头显示装置，其中，所述光束的截面形状包括线形、圆形、椭圆形、正方形以及长方形中的至少一种。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的抬头显示装置，其中，所述回反射元件包括基材和设置在所述基材上的若干个微结构。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的抬头显示装置，其中，所述基材与所述微结构之间设有反射层。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的抬头显示装置，其中，所述反射层的反射率为50％～95％。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的抬头显示装置，其中，所述微结构为包括两两相互垂直的三个面的空间结构，所述三个面均配置为反射面。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的抬头显示装置，其中，所述空间结构采用空心凹陷结构或由透明材料制作而成的实心结构；以及
    在所述空间结构采用所述空心凹陷结构的情况下，所述空心凹陷结构的相互垂直的三个内表面被配置为所述反射面，在所述空间结构采用所述实心结构的情况下，所述实心结构的相互垂直的三个外表面被配置为所述反射面。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的抬头显示装置，其中，所述微结构为包括两两相互垂直的三个三角形的三角锥结构或包括两两相互垂直的三个矩形的立方体结构。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的抬头显示装置，其中，所述反射面中至少有一面上设有反射层，该反射层的反射率为50％～95％。
  12. 根据权利要求6所述的抬头显示装置，其中，所述微结构采用球状结构。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的抬头显示装置，其中，所述球状结构采用由透明材料制作而成的实心结构。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的抬头显示装置，其中，所述透反装置表面为自由曲面或平面。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14任一项所述的抬头显示装置，其中，所述像源采用投影装置，所述透反装置采用交通工具的挡风玻璃，所述投影装置出射光线至所述交通工具的挡风玻璃，所述光线控制装置设于所述交通工具的挡风玻璃下方。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的抬头显示装置，其中，所述投影装置包括透镜部。
  17. 根据权利要求1-16任一项所述的抬头显示装置，其中，所述弥散元件位于所述回反射元件的靠近所述透反装置的一侧。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的抬头显示装置，其中，所述透反装置在所述弥散元件所在的平面上的正投影与所述弥散元件至少部分重叠。
  19. 根据权利要求17或18所述的抬头显示装置，其中，所述像源位于所述透反装置的远离所述虚像的一侧；
    所述像源在所述弥散元件所在的平面上的正投影与所述透反装置在所述弥散元件所在的平面上的正投影彼此间隔；以及
    所述像源在所述弥散元件所在的平面上的正投影与所述光线控制装置彼此间隔。
  20. 一种机动车，包括权利要求1-19任一项所述的抬头显示装置。
  21. 一种抬头显示装置，包括光线控制装置，
    其中，所述光线控制装置包括回反射元件和弥散元件；
    所述回反射元件被配置为将入射到所述回反射元件上的光线沿与所述入射到所述回反射元件上的光线的入射方向的相反方向反射；
    所述弥散元件被配置为将入射到所述弥散元件上的光线进行扩散；
    像源出射的且入射至透反装置上的用于形成图像的光线被所述透反装置反射至所述光线控制装置上，所述被反射至所述光线控制装置上光线经过所述弥散元件后被所述回反射元件反射回所述弥散元件，所述被反射回所述弥散元件的光线经过所述弥散元件再次入射至所述透反装置上，并被所述透反装置再次反射，以在所述透反装置的远离所述像源的一侧形成虚像。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的抬头显示装置，还包括所述透反装置，
    其中，所述透反装置被配置为将入射至所述透反装置上的光线进行反射，且允许所述入射至所述透反装置上的光线透射；以及
    所述弥散元件位于所述回反射元件的靠近所述透反装置的一侧。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的抬头显示装置，其中，所述透反装置在所述弥散元件所在的平面上的正投影与所述弥散元件至少部分重叠。
  24. 根据权利要求21-23任一项所述的抬头显示装置，还包括所述像源，
    其中，所述像源位于所述透反装置的远离所述虚像的一侧；
    所述像源在所述弥散元件所在的平面上的正投影与所述透反装置在所述弥散元件所在的平面上的正投影彼此间隔；以及
    所述像源在所述弥散元件所在的平面上的正投影与所述光线控制装置彼此间隔。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的抬头显示装置，其中，所述像源包括投影装置。
PCT/CN2020/090604 2019-05-17 2020-05-15 抬头显示装置及机动车 WO2020233528A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US17/611,716 US11796806B2 (en) 2019-05-17 2020-05-15 Head-up display device and motor vehicle

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910414494 2019-05-17
CN201910414494.0 2019-05-17
CN202010388755.9A CN112034672A (zh) 2019-05-17 2020-05-09 一种抬头显示装置及机动车
CN202010388755.9 2020-05-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020233528A1 true WO2020233528A1 (zh) 2020-11-26

Family

ID=73459458

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2020/090604 WO2020233528A1 (zh) 2019-05-17 2020-05-15 抬头显示装置及机动车

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US11796806B2 (zh)
WO (1) WO2020233528A1 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114690532A (zh) * 2020-12-31 2022-07-01 华为技术有限公司 显示系统

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1373392A (zh) * 2001-03-07 2002-10-09 三星电子株式会社 前投型屏幕
CN102033318A (zh) * 2009-09-28 2011-04-27 斯坦雷电气株式会社 平视显示装置
CN102098522A (zh) * 2009-10-28 2011-06-15 精工爱普生株式会社 回复反射的光漫射显示系统
CN104133292A (zh) * 2013-03-13 2014-11-05 日立乐金光科技株式会社 虚像显示装置
JP2016194555A (ja) * 2015-03-31 2016-11-17 パイオニア株式会社 光学システム及び出射装置
CN206523704U (zh) * 2017-02-13 2017-09-26 怡利电子工业股份有限公司 窄角扩散片抬头显示设备
CN108181716A (zh) * 2016-12-08 2018-06-19 未来（北京）黑科技有限公司 用于在空中成像的系统
CN108983423A (zh) * 2018-07-26 2018-12-11 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种双目显示系统及车载抬头显示系统
CN109799615A (zh) * 2019-03-21 2019-05-24 合肥工业大学 一种高亮度的车载抬头显示装置
CN210666314U (zh) * 2019-05-17 2020-06-02 未来（北京）黑科技有限公司 光线控制装置、像源、投影幕布、投影系统和成像系统

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9028123B2 (en) * 2010-04-16 2015-05-12 Flex Lighting Ii, Llc Display illumination device with a film-based lightguide having stacked incident surfaces
CN103038567A (zh) * 2010-04-16 2013-04-10 弗莱克斯照明第二有限责任公司 包括膜基光导的照明装置
US20190278091A1 (en) * 2010-10-04 2019-09-12 Gerard Dirk Smits System and method for 3-d projection and enhancements for interactivity

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1373392A (zh) * 2001-03-07 2002-10-09 三星电子株式会社 前投型屏幕
CN102033318A (zh) * 2009-09-28 2011-04-27 斯坦雷电气株式会社 平视显示装置
CN102098522A (zh) * 2009-10-28 2011-06-15 精工爱普生株式会社 回复反射的光漫射显示系统
CN104133292A (zh) * 2013-03-13 2014-11-05 日立乐金光科技株式会社 虚像显示装置
JP2016194555A (ja) * 2015-03-31 2016-11-17 パイオニア株式会社 光学システム及び出射装置
CN108181716A (zh) * 2016-12-08 2018-06-19 未来（北京）黑科技有限公司 用于在空中成像的系统
CN206523704U (zh) * 2017-02-13 2017-09-26 怡利电子工业股份有限公司 窄角扩散片抬头显示设备
CN108983423A (zh) * 2018-07-26 2018-12-11 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种双目显示系统及车载抬头显示系统
CN109799615A (zh) * 2019-03-21 2019-05-24 合肥工业大学 一种高亮度的车载抬头显示装置
CN210666314U (zh) * 2019-05-17 2020-06-02 未来（北京）黑科技有限公司 光线控制装置、像源、投影幕布、投影系统和成像系统

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114690532A (zh) * 2020-12-31 2022-07-01 华为技术有限公司 显示系统
CN114690532B (zh) * 2020-12-31 2024-04-23 华为技术有限公司 显示系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US11796806B2 (en) 2023-10-24
US20220214543A1 (en) 2022-07-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP7320294B2 (ja) 空中で結像するためのシステム
JP7196832B2 (ja) 画像表示装置
KR20170030594A (ko) 도광 장치 및 허상 표시 장치
US10754162B2 (en) Projection apparatus and head-mounted display device
US11372250B2 (en) Head-mounted display having reflective elements
JP5916869B2 (ja) ヘッドアップディスプレイ
JPWO2004049059A1 (ja) 透過型スクリーンおよび投写型表示装置
CN212256002U (zh) 一种抬头显示装置及机动车
US11635678B2 (en) Fresnel projection screen and projection system
WO2020233528A1 (zh) 抬头显示装置及机动车
CN114077057A (zh) 一种抬头显示装置及抬头显示系统
WO2022037703A1 (zh) 多层图像显示装置、抬头显示器以及交通设备
CN216927135U (zh) 导光装置、光源装置以及抬头显示器
CN216748172U (zh) 导光装置、光源装置、抬头显示器和交通设备
WO2018103670A1 (zh) 用于在空中成像的系统
JP2018005025A (ja) 反射型スクリーン
JP2016139152A (ja) ヘッドアップディスプレイ
JP2014022226A (ja) 導光板
WO2023025106A1 (zh) 导光装置、光源装置、抬头显示器和交通设备
WO2022153988A1 (ja) 反射型スクリーン
JP2022078770A (ja) 光学部材、面光源装置および表示装置
CN115712165A (zh) 导光装置、光源装置以及抬头显示器
CN116413913A (zh) 显示装置、抬头显示器以及交通设备
JP2017137054A (ja) ヘッドアップディスプレイ
JP2018132546A (ja) 透過型スクリーン、映像表示装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 20809492

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 20809492

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1