WO2023142241A1 - 一种天线 - Google Patents

一种天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023142241A1
WO2023142241A1 PCT/CN2022/081338 CN2022081338W WO2023142241A1 WO 2023142241 A1 WO2023142241 A1 WO 2023142241A1 CN 2022081338 W CN2022081338 W CN 2022081338W WO 2023142241 A1 WO2023142241 A1 WO 2023142241A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
fire
fire antenna
gain
millimeter
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PCT/CN2022/081338
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
迟礼东
骆云龙
杨洋
漆亚历克斯
漆一宏
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蓬托森思股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023142241A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023142241A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of millimeter wave detection, in particular to an antenna with bidirectional radiation capability.
  • Millimeter wave detection is a very promising new detection method. Compared with ultrasonic detection and infrared detection, it has the characteristics of high accuracy and is not easy to be blocked by obstacles.
  • Millimeter wave radar is a radar technology that utilizes millimeter waves with a wavelength of 10mm to 1mm and a frequency of 30-300GHz.
  • the radar spectrum for industrial applications is 60-64GHz and for automotive applications is 76-81GHz. Due to the shorter wavelength of the signal at these frequencies, the size of the radar antenna is also smaller.
  • the small size of the radar coupled with advanced antenna technologies such as antenna on package (AoP) and antenna on PCB (AoPCB), enables mmWave radar to be widely used in car navigation, building automation, healthcare and industrial applications.
  • AoP antenna on package
  • AoPCB antenna on PCB
  • Millimeter-wave (mmWave) radar emits electromagnetic waves, and any object in its path reflects the signal back. By capturing and processing reflected signals, radar systems can determine the distance, velocity and angle of objects. Millimeter-wave radar can provide millimeter-level accuracy in object distance detection, making it an ideal sensing technology for human biosignals. In addition, millimeter wave technology can also conduct non-contact continuous monitoring of patients and ordinary users (such as the elderly who need monitoring), so it is more convenient for doctors, patients, and ordinary users. In order to meet wider application requirements and achieve large-scale deployment, the current mainstream development trend of millimeter-wave radar is low cost.
  • the millimeter wave radar antenna is realized by PCB board, the advantage is that the processing technology is mature and the quality is controllable.
  • a millimeter-wave radar system is installed on a PCB board for one-way detection; on the other hand, millimeter-wave detection is performed in two directions.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problem of high cost of the millimeter wave radar system in the prior art involving the application of millimeter wave radar detection in two directions, and provide an antenna with bidirectional radiation capability.
  • An antenna comprising an end-fire antenna and a side-fire antenna, the end-fire antenna and the side-fire antenna are arranged on the same PCB board, the main polarization direction of the end-fire antenna and the main polarization direction of the side-fire antenna The angle between them is 80° ⁇ 100°.
  • an end-fire antenna and a side-fire antenna are simultaneously arranged on one PCB, and the main polarization directions of the end-fire antenna and the side-fire antenna form an included angle of 80° to 100°, so that the antenna of the present invention can pass through the same PCB Realize the transmission and reception in two directions of the side-fire direction and the end-fire direction, save a PCB board and a set of control system, and greatly save the manufacture of the millimeter-wave radar system that realizes two-way detection, especially the two-way detection in the orthogonal direction cost.
  • the isolation between the incident port of the end-fire antenna and the incident port of the side-fire antenna is set to be greater than 15 dB.
  • the gain of the end-fire antenna in the side-fire direction is smaller than the gain of the side-fire antenna in the side-fire direction by a first difference X, and/or the gain of the side-fire antenna in the end-fire direction is made
  • the gain of the endfire antenna in the endfire direction is smaller than a first difference; the first difference X ⁇ 5dB.
  • the end-fire antenna transmits and/or receives in a direction parallel to the plane of the PCB board
  • the side-fire antenna transmits and/or receives in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the PCB board.
  • multiple end-fire antennas are connected in parallel to form an end-fire antenna array
  • multiple side-fire antennas are connected in parallel to form a side-fire antenna array.
  • the type of the endfire antenna is a vivaldi antenna, a Yagi antenna, a quasi-Yagi antenna or a log-periodic antenna.
  • the type of the side-firing antenna is a loop slot antenna, a slot antenna, a loop antenna or a patch antenna.
  • an antenna device including a power divider and an antenna described in any one of the above, and the radio frequency signal input to the power divider is output to the end-fire antenna and the side-fire antenna respectively .
  • the power splitter is a Wilkinson power splitter.
  • an antenna device including a radio frequency switch and an antenna described in any one of the above, the incident port of the end-fire antenna and the incident port of the side-fire antenna are connected to the A radio frequency switch, where the radio frequency switch is used to switch the end-fire antenna and the side-fire antenna.
  • an end-fire antenna and a side-fire antenna are simultaneously arranged on a PCB, and the main polarization directions of the end-fire antenna and the side-fire antenna are at an angle of 80° to 100°, preferably 90° Angle, so that the antenna of the present invention can realize two-way transmission and reception in the side-fire direction and the end-fire direction through the same PCB board, and through a preferred embodiment, in the direction perpendicular to the plane where the PCB board is located (that is, the side-fire direction) Simultaneously transmit and receive in the direction parallel to the plane where the PCB board is located (that is, the end-fire direction), which saves a PCB board and a set of control systems, and greatly saves the millimeter-wave radar that realizes two-way detection, especially two-way detection in the orthogonal direction. system manufacturing costs.
  • the present invention realizes the functions of the end-fire antenna and the side-fire antenna simultaneously on one PCB, so that the space of the two-way millimeter-wave antenna can be more planar, and the manufacturing size of the millimeter-wave radar system can be made smaller to save space.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of an orthogonal two-way millimeter-wave radar system in the prior art.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the antenna of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the antenna of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the antenna and the power divider or radio frequency switch in Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 7 is an antenna pattern of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 8 is an antenna gain diagram of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 8 is an antenna gain diagram of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an implementation manner of adjusting isolation by using an active decoupling method.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an implementation manner of adjusting isolation by using a high-resistance surface method.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an implementation manner of adjusting isolation by using a distance method.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of an implementation manner of adjusting antenna beams and gains by adding parasitic units.
  • a two-way radiation antenna with one transmission and two receptions is taken as an example, and it is necessary to perform transmission, reception and detection in a direction perpendicular to the earth and in a direction parallel to the earth.
  • FIG. 1 according to the prior art, two sets of millimeter-wave radar systems are required, especially two sets of millimeter-wave array antennas, which need to be realized by using two PCB boards.
  • This embodiment provides a bidirectional radiating antenna with one transmission and two receptions, orthogonal bidirectional, as shown in Figure 2, comprising an end-fire antenna and a side-fire antenna, the end-fire antenna and the side-fire antenna are arranged on the same PCB board, and Both the incident port of the end-fire antenna and the incident port of the side-fire antenna are connected to a power splitter, and the power splitter is used to distribute electric power for the end-fire antenna and the side-fire antenna.
  • the orthogonal two-way means that the two directions of two-way radiation are at an angle of 90°, as shown in Figure 3, that is, the side-fire direction and the end-fire direction.
  • the relationship between the direction of the radiation direction and the antenna can be Divided into side-fire antenna array, end-fire antenna array.
  • the side-firing antenna array is an antenna array whose maximum radiation direction points to the array axis or the vertical direction of the array surface.
  • An endfire antenna array is an antenna array whose maximum radiation direction points to the axis of the array.
  • Antenna arrays whose maximum radiation direction points to other directions are neither side-firing nor end-firing antenna arrays.
  • the antenna realized by PCB board is taken as an example to further illustrate the side-fire and end-fire directions.
  • the side-fire direction is the direction perpendicular to the plane where the PCB board is located, that is, the direction parallel to the z-axis of the coordinate axis;
  • the end-fire direction is the plane where the PCB board is located.
  • the parallel direction that is, the direction perpendicular to the z-axis.
  • the included angle between the side-fire direction and the end-fire direction of the present invention may not be the standard 90°, and the included angle may also range from 80° to 100°. In the case where the included angle ranges between 80° and 100°, the purpose of the present invention, bidirectional detection or communication can be realized.
  • the transmit signal is simultaneously distributed to the end-fire transmit antenna and the side-fire transmit antenna through the power divider.
  • the two antennas Working at the same time makes the transmitting antenna have the ability to radiate to the side-firing and end-firing directions at the same time.
  • This working mode is a simultaneous working mode, and the efficiency is higher in this mode.
  • the present invention saves a PCB board and a set of control system by realizing the transmission and reception in the end-fire direction and the side-fire direction on the same PCB, and significantly reduces the manufacturing cost of the radar system.
  • the antenna includes an end-fire antenna and a side-fire antenna, and a power divider is used to connect the incident port of the antenna; the end-fire antenna is selected Vivaldi antenna, WHEMS antenna is selected for side-firing antenna.
  • the end-fire antenna includes an end-fire sending unit and an end-fire receiving unit, and the side-fire antenna includes a side-fire sending unit and a side-fire receiving unit.
  • the transmitting antenna composed of the two antennas of the end-fire transmitting unit and the side-fire transmitting unit has the ability to transmit electromagnetic waves in the direction of end-fire and side-fire at the same time; the two antennas of the end-fire receiving unit and the side-fire receiving unit respectively receive the end-fire transmission The reflected echoes of the two antennas of the unit and the side-fire transmitting unit in the end-fire direction and the side-fire direction.
  • the electromagnetic waves sent by the end-fire transmitting unit towards the end-fire direction are reflected by obstacles and received by the end-fire receiving unit (Vivaldi antenna); the electromagnetic waves sent by the side-fire transmitting unit towards the side-fire direction are reflected by obstacles and then received by the side-fire receiving unit ( WHEMS antenna) received.
  • the radar detection function in dual orthogonal directions is realized on a single PCB board.
  • the power divider can be replaced by a radio frequency switch
  • the incident port of the end-fire antenna and the incident port of the side-fire antenna are both Connected to the radio frequency switch
  • the radio frequency switch is used to switch the end-fire antenna and the side-fire antenna to realize the time-division multiplexing of the end-fire antenna and the side-fire antenna
  • this mode is time-division work model.
  • the transmitting signal passes through the RF switch and is distributed to the end-firing transmitting antenna and the side-firing transmitting antenna at different times. In this mode, the gain of a single channel is higher.
  • the simultaneous working mode is suitable for millimeter-wave radar systems with large link margin and high efficiency requirements; the time-sharing working mode is suitable for millimeter-wave radar applications with tight link margin.
  • the present invention provides the following preferred design parameters:
  • the isolation between the incident port of the end-fire antenna and the incident port of the side-fire antenna is greater than 15dB; the reason for setting the isolation greater than 15dB is that in order to make The end-fire antenna and the side-fire antenna are independent of each other to reduce coupling, otherwise the RF switch cannot normally switch the radiation direction; the power divider cannot play the role of normal power distribution.
  • Antenna port isolation greater than 15dB usually requires the distance between two antennas to be greater than twice the wavelength. Other methods can also be used to improve antenna isolation to meet the requirement of greater than 15dB, such as high-impedance surface method, active decoupling method, etc.
  • the vivaldi antenna in this embodiment achieves port isolation by increasing the distance, and the WHEMS antenna achieves high port isolation through surface wave self-suppression technology.
  • the gain of the end-fire antenna in the side-fire direction is smaller than the gain of the side-fire antenna in the side-fire direction by a first difference X, and/or, the The gain of the side-fire antenna in the end-fire direction is smaller than the gain of the end-fire antenna in the end-fire direction by a first difference, and the first difference X ⁇ 5dB.
  • the system can play the effect of the orthogonal two-way time-sharing work, A working sidefire/endfire antenna will not interfere with a non-working endfire/sidefire antenna.
  • changing the beam and gain of the antenna can be realized by adding directors, adding parasitic elements, and adding reflectors.
  • the type of endfire antenna may be a vivaldi antenna, a Yagi antenna, a quasi-Yagi antenna or a log-periodic antenna.
  • the type of sidefire antenna may be a loop slot antenna, a slot antenna, a loop antenna or a patch antenna.
  • the power divider has a filtering function, and is preferably a Wilkinson power divider.
  • the orthogonal two-way radar antenna with one transmission, two receivers and side-fire end-fire in this embodiment has good bidirectional radar antenna in both end-fire and side-fire directions. radiation properties.
  • the present invention provides a specific implementation method in various implementation methods for the above-mentioned active decoupling method, high resistance surface method, distance method, and adding parasitic units:
  • the active decoupling method is a method of using the active decoupling method to realize the isolation between the end-fire part and the side-fire part of the orthogonal dual-polarization transmitting antenna. Part of the connection is constructed with a 180-degree phase difference to achieve cancellation of coupling interference signals, thereby achieving high isolation.
  • the distance method is a method for realizing the isolation between the end-fire part and the side-fire part in the orthogonal dual-polarization transmitting antenna by increasing the distance. It is well known that electromagnetic waves attenuate rapidly with increasing distance. This approach achieves high isolation by increasing the distance between the end-fire and side-fire sections.
  • the high-resistance surface method is a method for realizing the isolation between the end-fire part and the side-fire part in the orthogonal dual-polarized transmitting antenna by using the high-resistance surface method. This method achieves high isolation by adding a high-resistance surface between the end-fire and side-fire sections to suppress attenuation of coupled signals.
  • Adding a parasitic unit is a method of adjusting the beam and gain of the antenna by adding a parasitic unit.
  • This method adjusts the beam and gain of the antenna by adding metal or dielectric parasitic units around the antenna to meet the end-fire
  • the gain of the antenna in the side-fire direction is at least 5dB less than the gain of the side-fire antenna in the side-fire direction, or the gain of the side-fire antenna in the end-fire direction is less than the gain of the end-fire antenna in the end-fire direction by at least 5dB.
  • Embodiment 1 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the number of end-fire antennas is set to be multiple, and multiple end-fire antennas are connected in parallel to form an end-fire antenna array; the number of side-fire antennas is multiple, and multiple side-fire antennas The antennas are connected in parallel to form a side-firing antenna array, thereby realizing the function of multiple transmission and multiple reception on one PCB board, so as to flexibly adapt to the needs of different application environments and improve the performance of the antenna system.
  • This embodiment provides a communication device, including a two-way radiation antenna as described in Embodiment 1, the orthogonal two-way radar antenna is used for transmitting and receiving detection in a direction perpendicular to the earth and in a direction parallel to the earth Conduct transmit and/or receive probes.
  • This embodiment also provides a guardianship assistance device, including the above-mentioned communication device, and applicable frequency ranges include 24 GHz and 30 GHz to 300 GHz.

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Abstract

本发明涉及毫米波探测领域，具体涉及具有双向辐射能力的一种天线，包含端射天线和侧射天线，所述端射天线和侧射天线设置于同一PCB板上，所述端射天线的主极化方向和所述侧射天线的主极化方向之间的夹角为80°～100°。本发明通过在一块PCB板上同时设置端射天线和侧射天线，实现两个方向同时进行发射和接收，节省了一块PCB板和一套控制系统，大大节约了实现双向探测尤其是正交方向的双向探测的毫米波雷达系统的制造成本。

Description

一种天线 技术领域
本发明涉及毫米波探测领域，具体涉及具有双向辐射能力的一种天线。
背景技术
毫米波探测是十分有前景的新型探测方式，相比于超声波探测和红外探测具有精准度高、不易被障碍物遮挡等特点容易。毫米波雷达，顾名思义是一种雷达技术，它利用波长为10mm至1mm、频率为30-300GHz的毫米波。工业应用领域的雷达频谱为60-64GHz，汽车应用为76-81GHz。由于在这些频率下信号的波长较短，因此雷达天线的尺寸也较小。小体积的雷达，再加上先进的天线技术，如封装天线(AoP)和PCB天线(AoPCB)，毫米波雷达得以在汽车导航、楼宇自动化、医疗保健和工业应用中得到广泛应用。毫米波(mmWave)雷达会发射电磁波，其路径中的任何物体都会将信号反射回去。通过捕获和处理反射信号，雷达系统可以确定物体的距离、速度和角度。毫米波雷达在物体距离检测中可以提供毫米级别的精度，因而成为人类生物信号的理想传感技术。此外，毫米波技术还可以对患者和普通用户(如需要监护的老年人)进行非接触式的连续监控，因此无论医生、患者还是普通用户都比较方便。为了满足更广泛的应用需求，实现大规模部署，毫米波雷达目前的主流发展趋势是低成本化。
通常毫米波雷达天线采用PCB板实现，好处是加工工艺成熟、质量可控。现有技术中，一方面通常只涉及到单向毫米波雷达天线，即在一个PCB板上设 置一套毫米波雷达系统，进行单向探测，另一方面，在涉及到两个方向进行毫米波雷达探测的应用中，本领域技术人员利用现有技术，需要设置两套毫米波雷达系统，相应地需要两个PCB板、两个处理器、尤其需要两套毫米波阵列天线，例如公开号为CN209044871U的实用新型“基于77GHz毫米波雷达的双向多车道交通监控装置”专利，就使用了正向毫米波雷达和反向毫米波雷达。由于毫米波PCB制造成本很高，使用现有技术将无疑使整个系统的成本成倍增加。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术涉及到两个方向进行毫米波雷达探测的应用中毫米波雷达系统成本高昂的问题，提供具有双向辐射能力的一种天线。
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明提供了以下技术方案：
一种天线，包含端射天线和侧射天线，所述端射天线和侧射天线设置于同一PCB板上，所述端射天线的主极化方向和所述侧射天线的主极化方向之间的夹角为80°～100°。
本发明通过在一块PCB板上同时设置端射天线和侧射天线，端射天线和侧射天线的主极化方向呈80°～100°夹角，使得本发明的天线能够通过同一块PCB板实现在侧射方向和端射方向的两个方向的发射和接收，节省了一块PCB板和一套控制系统，大大节约了实现双向探测尤其是正交方向的双向探测的毫米波雷达系统的制造成本。
优选的，将所述端射天线的入射端口和所述侧射天线的入射端口之间的隔离度设置为大于15dB。
优选的，使所述端射天线在侧射方向的增益比所述侧射天线在侧射方向的 增益小于第一差值X，并且/或者，使所述侧射天线在端射方向的增益比所述端射天线在端射方向的增益小于第一差值；所述第一差值X≧5dB。
优选的，所述端射天线沿平行于所述PCB板所在平面的方向进行发射和/或接收，所述侧射天线沿垂直于所述PCB板所在平面的方向进行发射和/或接收。
优选的，多个端射天线之间并联组成端射天线阵，多个侧射天线之间并联组成侧射天线阵。
优选的，所述端射天线的类型是vivaldi天线、八木天线、准八木天线或对数周期天线。
优选的，所述侧射天线的类型是环缝隙天线、缝隙天线、环天线或者贴片天线。
基于相同的发明构思，提出了一种天线装置，包括功分器和上述任一项所述的一种天线，输入所述功分器的射频信号分别输出到所述端射天线和侧射天线。
优选的，所述功分器为威尔金森功分器。
基于相同的发明构思，提出了一种天线装置，包括射频开关和上述任一项所述的一种天线，所述端射天线的入射端口和所述侧射天线的入射端口均连接到所述射频开关，所述射频开关用于对所述端射天线和所述侧射天线进行切换。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果：
1、本发明通过在一块PCB板上同时设置端射天线和侧射天线，所述端射天线和所述侧射天线的主极化方向呈80°～100°夹角，优选的呈90°夹角，使得本发明的天线能够通过同一块PCB板实现在侧射方向和端射方向的双向发射和 接收，通过优选的实施方式，在垂直于PCB板所在平面的方向(即侧射方向)和平行于PCB板所在平面的方向(即端射方向)同时进行发射和接收，节省了一块PCB板和一套控制系统，大大节约了实现双向探测尤其是正交方向的双向探测的毫米波雷达系统的制造成本。
2、本发明通过在一块PCB板上同时实现端射天线和侧射天线的功能，能够使得双向毫米波天线的空间更平面化，毫米波雷达系统的制作尺寸做得更小，节省空间。
附图说明
图1为现有技术的正交双向毫米波雷达系统的原理示意图。
图2为本发明天线的原理示意图。
图3为本发明天线的原理示意图。
图4为实施例1天线的结构示意图。
图5为实施例1天线的结构示意图。
图6为实施例1的天线与功分器或射频开关的连接示意图。
图7为实施例1的天线方向图。
图8为实施例1的天线增益图。
图9为使用主动去耦法调整隔离度的实现方式示意图。
图10为使用高阻表面法调整隔离度的实现方式示意图。
图11为使用距离法调整隔离度的实现方式示意图。
图12为通过增加寄生单元调整天线波束和增益的实现方式示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合试验例及具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细描述。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实施例，凡基于本发明内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
实施例1
本实施例以一种一发双收的双向辐射天线为例，需要对垂直于大地的方向和平行于大地的方向进行发射接收探测。如图1所示，按照现有技术的做法，需要两套毫米波雷达系统，尤其需要两套毫米波阵列天线，需要采用两块PCB板实现。
本实施例提供了一种一发双收、正交双向的双向辐射天线，如图2所示，包含端射天线和侧射天线，端射天线和侧射天线设置于同一PCB板上，且端射天线的入射端口和侧射天线的入射端口均连接到功分器，功分器用于为端射天线和侧射天线分配电功率。
其中的正交双向，指的是双向辐射的两个方向呈90°夹角，如图3所示，即侧射方向和端射方向，本发明中，按辐射方向的指向和天线的关系可分为侧射天线阵、端射天线阵。侧射天线阵是最大辐射方向指向阵轴或阵面垂直方向的天线阵。端射天线阵是最大辐射方向指向阵轴方向的天线阵。最大辐射方向指向其他方向的天线阵为既非侧射又非端射的天线阵。这里以PCB板实现的天线为例进一步说明侧射和端射方向，侧射方向为与PCB板所在平面垂直的方向，即与坐标轴z轴平行的方向；端射方向为与PCB板所在平面平行的方向，即与 z轴垂直的方向。
由于制造工艺等因素的影响，或者由于具体应用的需要，本发明侧射方向和端射方向的夹角有可能不是标准的90°，还可出现夹角的范围在80°～100°之间的情况，当夹角的范围在80°～100°之间时，均能实现本发明的目的、实现双向检测或者通信。
本实施例中，通过将侧射天线的入射端口和端射天线的入射端口连接到功分器，发射信号经过功分器同时分配到端射发射天线和侧射发射天线，此时两个天线同时工作，使得发射天线具备了同时向侧射和端射方向辐射的能力，该工作模式为同时工作模式，该模式下效率更高。
相比于现有技术方案，本发明通过在同一块PCB上实现端射方向和侧射方向的发射和接收，节省了一块PCB板和一套控制系统，显著降低了雷达系统的制造成本。
具体地，如图4和图5所示，为一种24GHz单发双收雷达方案，该方案中天线包括端射天线和侧射天线，使用功分器连接天线的入射端口；端射天线选用Vivaldi天线，侧射天线选用WHEMS天线。端射天线包括端射发送单元和端射接收单元，侧射天线包括侧射发送单元和侧射接收单元。端射发送单元和侧射发送单元这两个天线组成的发射天线具备同时朝端射方向和侧射方向发射电磁波的能力；端射接收单元和侧射接收单元这两个天线分别接收端射发送单元和侧射发送单元这两个天线在端射方向和侧射方向的反射回波。
端射发送单元朝端射方向发送的电磁波通过障碍物反射，经过端射接收单元(Vivaldi天线)收到；侧射发送单元朝侧射方向发送的电磁波通过障碍物反射，经过侧射接收单元(WHEMS天线)收到。这样，在单PCB板实现了双正 交方向的雷达探测功能。
如图6(a)和图6(b)所示，在另一个实施例中，可以将功分器替换为射频开关，所述端射天线的入射端口和所述侧射天线的入射端口均连接到所述射频开关，所述射频开关用于对所述端射天线和所述侧射天线进行切换，实现对端射天线和侧射天线的分时复用，这种模式为分时工作模式。在分时工作模式中，发射信号经过射频开关，在不同时刻分配到端射发射天线和侧射发射天线，在该模式下，单条通路增益更高。
同时工作模式适用于链路余量大，效率要求高的毫米波雷达系统中；分时工作模式适用于链路余量紧张的毫米波雷达应用中。
为了让本发明的双向天线在雷达系统中达到最优的效果，本发明提供了以下优选的设计参数：
当未接入功分器或射频开关等器件时，所述端射天线的入射端口和所述侧射天线的入射端口之间的隔离度大于15dB；设置隔离度大于15dB的原因在于，为了使端射天线与侧射天线之间相互独立，减小耦合，否则射频开关无法正常起到辐射方向切换的作用；功分器无法起到正常功率分配的作用。天线的端口隔离度大于15dB通常需要两个天线间的距离大于一倍波长实现，也可以采用其他的方法提升天线隔离度，满足大于15dB的要求，例如高阻表面法、主动去耦法等。本实施例中的vivaldi天线是通过增加距离实现的端口隔离度，WHEMS天线是通过表面波自抑制技术实现的高端口隔离度。
当未接入功分器或射频开关等器件时，所述端射天线在侧射方向的增益比所述侧射天线在侧射方向的增益小于第一差值X，并且/或者，所述侧射天线在端射方向的增益比所述端射天线在端射方向的增益小于第一差值，所述第一差 值X≧5dB。按照该条件进行设置可以增加正交双向雷达在正交双向的识别度，否则双向正交无法起到应有的作用，当连接射频开关时，系统可以起到正交双向分时工作的效果，工作的侧射天线/端射天线不会对未工作的端射天线/侧射天线造成干扰。为了满足该条件，改变天线的波束和增益，可以通过加引向器、加寄生单元、加反射器等方法来实现。
在其他实施例中端射天线的类型可以是vivaldi天线、八木天线、准八木天线或对数周期天线。
在其他实施例中侧射天线的类型可以是环缝隙天线、缝隙天线、环天线或者贴片天线。
所述功分器有滤波功能，优选地，为威尔金森功分器。
如图7和图8所示，由发射天线方向图和增益结果可知，本实施例的一发双收混合侧射端射的正交双向雷达天线在端射和侧射方向都有良好的双向辐射特性。
本发明为上述主动去耦法、高阻表面法、距离法、增加寄生单元提供了多种实现方法中的一种具体实现方法：
主动去耦法，如图9所示，为一种利用主动去偶法实现正交双极化发射天线中端射部分和侧射部分隔离度的方法，该方法通过在端射部分和侧射部分连线构造180度相位差来实现耦合干扰信号的抵消，进而实现高隔离度。
距离法，如图10所示，为一种利用增加距离实现正交双极化发射天线中端射部分和侧射部分隔离度的方法。众所周知，随着距离的增加电磁波会快速衰减。该方法通过增加端射部分和侧射部分的距离来实现高隔离度。
高阻表面法，如图11所示，为一种利用高阻表面法实现正交双极化发射天线中端射部分和侧射部分隔离度的方法。该方法通过在端射部分和侧射部分中间增加高阻表面抑制衰减耦合信号，来实现高隔离度。
加寄生单元，如图12所示，为一种通过增加寄生单元调整天线波束和增益的方法，该方法通过在天线周围增加金属或介质寄生单元的方式调整天线的波束和增益，以满足端射天线在侧射方向的增益比侧射天线在侧射方向的增益小于至少5dB，或者侧射天线在端射方向的增益比端射天线在端射方向的增益小于至少5dB的条件。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于，端射天线的数量设置为多个，多个端射天线之间并联组成端射天线阵；侧射天线的数量为多个，多个侧射天线之间并联组成侧射天线阵，由此在一块PCB板上实现多发多收的功能，以灵活地适应不同应用环境的需要，提高天线系统性能。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种通信装置，包括如实施例1所述的一种双向辐射天线，所述正交双向雷达天线用于朝垂直于大地的方向进行发射接收探测和朝平行于大地的方向进行发射和/或接收探测。
本实施例还提供了一种监护辅助装置，包括上述通信装置，所适用的频率范围包括24GHz和30GHz～300GHz。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明 的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种天线，其特征在于，包含端射天线和侧射天线，所述端射天线和侧射天线设置于同一PCB板上，所述端射天线的主极化方向和所述侧射天线的主极化方向之间的夹角为80°～100°。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种天线，其特征在于，将所述端射天线的入射端口和所述侧射天线的入射端口之间的隔离度设置为大于15dB。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种天线，其特征在于，使所述端射天线在侧射方向的增益比所述侧射天线在侧射方向的增益小于第一差值X，并且/或者，使所述侧射天线在端射方向的增益比所述端射天线在端射方向的增益小于第一差值；所述第一差值X≧5dB。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种天线，其特征在于，所述端射天线沿平行于所述PCB板所在平面的方向进行发射和/或接收，所述侧射天线沿垂直于所述PCB板所在平面的方向进行发射和/或接收。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种天线，其特征在于，多个端射天线之间并联组成端射天线阵，多个侧射天线之间并联组成侧射天线阵。
  6. 如权利要求1～5任一项所述的一种天线，其特征在于，所述端射天线的类型是vivaldi天线、八木天线、准八木天线或对数周期天线。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的一种天线，其特征在于，所述侧射天线的类型是环缝隙天线、缝隙天线、环天线或者贴片天线。
  8. 一种天线装置，其特征在于，包括功分器和权利要求1～7任一项所述的一种天线，输入所述功分器的射频信号分别输出到所述端射天线和侧射天线。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的天线装置，其特征在于，所述功分器为威尔金森功分器。
  10. 一种天线装置，其特征在于，包括射频开关和权利要求1～7任一项所述的一 种天线，所述端射天线的入射端口和所述侧射天线的入射端口均连接到所述射频开关，所述射频开关用于对所述端射天线和所述侧射天线进行切换。
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