WO2021169926A1 - 一种天线以及雷达系统 - Google Patents

一种天线以及雷达系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021169926A1
WO2021169926A1 PCT/CN2021/077336 CN2021077336W WO2021169926A1 WO 2021169926 A1 WO2021169926 A1 WO 2021169926A1 CN 2021077336 W CN2021077336 W CN 2021077336W WO 2021169926 A1 WO2021169926 A1 WO 2021169926A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
parasitic
unit
antenna
radiating
main feeder
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Application number
PCT/CN2021/077336
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何银
高翔
李浩伟
刘一廷
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2021169926A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021169926A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/285—Receivers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/35—Details of non-pulse systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/35—Details of non-pulse systems
    • G01S7/352—Receivers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of radar, and in particular to an antenna and a radar system.
  • Millimeter wave radar is a radar that works in the millimeter wave band (millimeter wave) detection.
  • Millimeter wave radar (hereinafter referred to as the radar system) has the characteristics of high resolution, bandwidth, and strong anti-interference ability.
  • the radar system emits electromagnetic waves through an antenna, and the antenna produces reflections after encountering obstacles.
  • the radar system can determine the distance, speed and angle of the object by capturing the reflected signal. Therefore, millimeter wave radars are currently widely used in automobiles.
  • the radar system can be divided into long range radar (LRR), middle range radar (MRR) and short range radar (SRR) .
  • LRR long range radar
  • MRR middle range radar
  • SRR short range radar
  • the short-range radar as an example, four short-range radars are usually installed on the four corners of the vehicle to achieve panoramic coverage around the vehicle body. Therefore, short-range radars need to have a wider half power beam width (HPBW).
  • HPBW half power beam width
  • the usual solution is to use multiple antennas in conjunction with a switch, and switch different antennas on or off through the switch to achieve a wider half-power beam width. .
  • the embodiments of the present application provide an antenna and a radar system.
  • the parasitic element in the antenna is coupled with the radiating element.
  • the parasitic element receives the radiated energy emitted by the radiating element through the coupling and emits parasitic radiation to the outside.
  • the radiation intensity of the radiation unit in the horizontal polarization direction is greater than the radiation intensity of the radiation unit in the vertical polarization direction, thereby increasing the antenna gain.
  • an embodiment of the present application proposes an antenna, which includes: a first main feeder, a radiating unit, and a parasitic unit; the first main feeder is electrically connected to at least one radiating unit, and the first main feeder passes through the at least one radiating unit A beam is emitted, and the radiation intensity of the radiation unit in the horizontal polarization direction is greater than the radiation intensity of the radiation unit in the vertical polarization direction; at least one parasitic unit is coupled with the radiation unit, and the parasitic unit emits outwards by receiving the radiation energy emitted by the radiation unit Parasitic radiation, parasitic radiation has a positive gain to the beam emitted by the radiating unit.
  • the parasitic unit in the antenna is coupled with the radiating unit.
  • the parasitic unit receives the radiated energy emitted by the radiating unit through the coupling and emits parasitic radiation, which has a positive gain to the beam emitted by the radiating unit. Therefore, in the radar system using this antenna, the switch for multi-antenna switching can be eliminated in the antenna part. Under the premise of ensuring the stability of the work, relying on the cooperation of the parasitic element and the radiating element to achieve a wider half-power beam width. At the same time, the elimination of the switch for multi-antenna switching can effectively reduce the volume of the antenna and the radar system using the antenna.
  • the antenna and the radar system using the antenna have the characteristics of low profile and low weight.
  • the first main feeder is electrically connected to N of the radiating units, where N is a positive integer greater than 1.
  • the N radiating units are staggeredly arranged on the first main
  • the N radiating units are arranged in series-fed mode.
  • the plurality of first main feeders are electrically connected to the N radiating units.
  • the radiating unit in the antenna can be either a series-fed arrangement or a parallel-fed arrangement, which improves the implementation flexibility of the solution.
  • the radiating element is a metal patch with a V-shaped structure, a C-shaped structure, or a triangular structure, and the radiation intensity of the radiating element in the horizontal polarization direction is greater than that of the radiating element in the vertical polarization direction.
  • the radiating unit can have a variety of structures, which improves the flexibility of the solution.
  • the radiation intensity of the radiation unit in the horizontal polarization direction is greater than the radiation intensity of the radiation unit in the vertical direction.
  • the parasitic unit and the radiating unit have the same structure; one parasitic unit is coupled to one radiating unit, or one parasitic unit is coupled to two radiating units, which improves the cost. Implementation flexibility of the scheme.
  • the antenna further includes a second main feeder; there are J second main feeders, and each second main feeder is electrically connected to M of the parasitic elements, where J is a positive integer, and M is a positive integer greater than 1; the second main feeder and the M parasitic elements form a dummy structure, wherein the M parasitic elements are coupled with the N radiating elements; when the J is greater than 1, the The J dummy structures composed of the J second main feeder lines and the J*M parasitic units are respectively arranged on both sides of the first main feeder line.
  • the second main feeder is short-circuited, open-circuited, or electrically connected to a matching load.
  • the first main feeder is electrically connected to the microstrip branch, and the microstrip branch is used for 1/4 impedance matching.
  • the parasitic element in the antenna is electrically connected to the second main feeder to form a dummy structure.
  • the user can adjust the gain range of the antenna at different angles by adjusting the energy coupling between the dummy structure and the first main feeder (and the radiating element).
  • the radar system using the antenna relies on the cooperation of the parasitic element and the radiating element to achieve a wider half-power beam width.
  • the antenna further includes a second main feeder; there are J second main feeders, and each second main feeder is electrically connected to M of the parasitic elements, where J is a positive integer, and M is a positive integer greater than 1; the second main feeder is electrically connected to the first main feeder; when the J is greater than 1, the J second main feeders are respectively arranged on both sides of the first main feeder.
  • the antenna further includes a first power divider; the second main feeder is electrically connected to the first main feeder through the first power divider, wherein the first power divider is used to adjust the beams emitted by the M parasitic units .
  • the first power divider is a microstrip type power divider, a substrate integrated waveguide type power divider or a coplanar waveguide type power divider.
  • the user can adjust the power deficit amplitude and phase of different main feeders (first main feeder or second main feeder) through the first power divider, and adjust the gain amplitude of the antenna at different angles.
  • the radar system using the antenna relies on the cooperation of the parasitic element and the radiating element to achieve a wider half-power beam width.
  • an embodiment of the present application also proposes a radar system, the radar system includes the antenna of the foregoing first aspect and any one of the first aspects, the radar system further includes a signal source and a processor; the The signal source is connected to the feed port of the antenna, and the signal source is used to send and receive wireless signals through the antenna; the processor is used to process the wireless signals.
  • the radar system using the antenna relies on the cooperation of the parasitic element and the radiating element to achieve a wider half-power beam width.
  • an embodiment of the present application also proposes a vehicle, which includes the radar system in the foregoing second aspect.
  • a vehicle which includes the radar system in the foregoing second aspect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario provided by an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna 200 proposed in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna 200 according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiation unit 202 according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiation unit 202 according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna 200 according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a dummy structure proposed in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the direction of an antenna 200 in an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna 200 according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the direction of an antenna 200 in an embodiment of this application.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide an antenna and a radar system.
  • the antenna is coupled with a parasitic element and a radiating element.
  • the parasitic element has a positive beam gain to the radiating element, so that a radar system using the antenna realizes a wider half power. Beam width.
  • the antenna and the radar system have the characteristics of low profile and low weight.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the vehicle 100 shown in FIG. 1 is equipped with 8 radars (or more than one, which is not limited here), which are a long-range radar 101, a medium-range radar 102, and a short-range radar 103.
  • Each radar includes a digital front end. (digital front end, DFE) and sensor radar-signal processing unit (Sensor RPU) two parts.
  • the DFE includes an antenna 200 and a corresponding radio frequency front-end circuit.
  • the antenna 200 is used for transmitting and receiving beams; the radio frequency front-end circuit is used for conversion processing between antenna signals and beams.
  • the radio frequency front-end circuit includes an analog-to-digital converter ( analog-digital converter, ADC), ADC is used to transmit the converted antenna signal to the Sensor RPU for processing.
  • ADC analog-digital converter
  • the Sensor RPU performs antenna signal processing, which usually includes signal processing such as ranging, speed measurement, and angle measurement, and may also include high-level data processing such as point cloud data aggregation and moving target tracking.
  • the processing results are transmitted to the processor 104 (central RPU) in the form of digital signals for subsequent processing tasks such as multi-radar data fusion.
  • the central RPU is the processor of the radar.
  • the antenna proposed in the embodiment of the present application can also be applied to a radar system composed of other elements.
  • the radar includes an analog front end (AFE), and the AFE includes an antenna 200 and a corresponding radio frequency front end circuit.
  • the antenna signal obtained by the antenna 200 is amplified, filtered, or down-mixed by a radio frequency front-end analog circuit, and then transmitted to the processor 104 (central RPU).
  • the use scenarios of the radar system provided in this application are not limited to vehicle-mounted radars, but can also be applied to other radar systems and other electronic processing systems with similar topologies, such as: airborne radar systems deployed on drones Wait.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna 200 according to an embodiment of the application.
  • An antenna 200 proposed in an embodiment of the present application includes: a first main feeder 201, a radiation unit 202, a second main feeder 203, a parasitic unit 204, a first metal plate 205, and a second metal plate 206.
  • the first main feeder 201 is electrically connected to the feed port of the antenna 200, and the feed port of the antenna 200 is electrically connected to the signal source of the radar.
  • the signal source of the radar transmits and receives wireless signals through the antenna 200.
  • the wireless signal is The form of the beam.
  • the first main feeder 201 is electrically connected to at least one radiating unit 202, and the first main feeder 201 emits a beam (or receives a beam) through the at least one radiating unit 202.
  • At least one parasitic element 204 is coupled to the radiating element 202 (radiating element).
  • One parasitic element 204 is coupled to one radiating element 202, or multiple parasitic elements 204 are coupled to one radiating element 202, or The multiple parasitic units 204 are coupled with the multiple radiating units 202, which is not limited here.
  • the parasitic unit 204 receives the radiation energy (beam) emitted by the radiation unit 202 and emits parasitic radiation outward, and the parasitic radiation has a positive gain on the beam emitted by the radiation unit 202.
  • each radiating unit 202 is coupled to two parasitic units 204 respectively.
  • the first main feeder 201 is electrically connected to N radiating units 202, where N is a positive integer greater than 1, and the N radiating units 202 are arranged in a series-fed manner.
  • the N radiation units 202 may be arranged alternately on both sides of the first main feeder 201, or may be arranged in parallel on both sides of the first main feeder 201, which is not limited here.
  • the N radiating units 202 may be a series-fed arrangement or a parallel-fed arrangement, which is not limited here.
  • the first main feeder 201 is electrically connected to ten radiating units 202.
  • the 10 radiating units 202 are arranged alternately on both sides of the first main feeder 201, and the 10 radiating units 202 are arranged in a series-fed manner.
  • FIG. 2 Take the coupling manner between the radiating unit 202 and the parasitic unit 204 in FIG. 2 as an example. Specifically, the positional relationship between the radiating unit 202 and the parasitic unit 204 can be seen in FIG. A schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna 200.
  • the length (L) of the coupling region between the radiating unit 202 and the parasitic unit 204 is 0.1 mm-0.5 mm
  • the width of the coupling region between the radiating unit 202 and the parasitic unit 204 It is 0.1-0.5 mm
  • the angle of the branches is 45-150 degrees.
  • the parasitic unit 204 and the radiating unit 202 may be one parasitic unit 204 coupled with one radiating unit 202, or one parasitic unit 204 coupled with two radiating units 202, which is not limited here.
  • the radiating unit 202 can be a metal patch with a V-shaped structure, a C-shaped structure, a W-shaped structure, or a triangular structure.
  • the radiating unit 202 has a V-shaped structure.
  • the length of the branches of the radiating unit 202 is between 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm; as shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiating unit 202 according to an embodiment of the application, and the radiating unit 202 has a triangular structure.
  • the radiating unit 202 may also be a "one" type structure or a "[" type structure, etc., which is not limited here.
  • the parasitic unit 204 may have the same structure as the radiating unit 202 or different from the radiating unit 202.
  • the radiating unit 202 has a V-shaped structure
  • the parasitic unit 204 has a C-shaped structure. , There is no restriction here.
  • the radiation unit 202 proposed in the embodiment of the present application has the following characteristics: the radiation intensity of the radiation unit 202 in the horizontal polarization direction is greater than the radiation intensity of the radiation unit 202 in the vertical polarization direction.
  • the radiation intensity of the radiation unit 202 in the vertical polarization direction is zero.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiation unit 202 according to an embodiment of the application.
  • "E1" and “E2” are the respective electric field strength directions on the two branches of the radiating unit 202, and the vector sum of "E1" and “E2” is "E3".
  • "E1" and “E2” cancel out in the vertical direction, and add up in the horizontal direction.
  • the radiating unit 202 has other structures, such as a C-shaped structure, the radiating unit 202 also has the above-mentioned characteristics, which will not be repeated here.
  • the parasitic unit 204, the radiating unit 202, the first main feeder 201, and the second main feeder 203 are arranged on a first metal plate 205, and the first metal plate 205 is specifically a conductive metal such as copper or silver.
  • the first metal plate 205 is specifically a conductive metal such as copper or silver.
  • Below the first metal plate 205 is a second metal plate 206, and the second metal plate 206 is used for grounding.
  • An intermediate layer (not shown in the figure) can also be provided between the first metal plate 205 and the second metal plate 206.
  • the intermediate layer is a high-frequency circuit board.
  • the intermediate layer can be "Rogers 3003" or "NF30". "Equal dielectric constant of 3 sheets.
  • the parasitic unit 204 in the antenna 200 is coupled with the radiating unit 202.
  • the parasitic unit 204 receives the radiation energy emitted by the radiating unit 202 through the coupling, and sends out parasitic radiation.
  • the parasitic radiation affects the beam emitted by the radiating unit 202.
  • Positive gain The radiation intensity of the radiation unit 202 in the horizontal polarization direction is greater than the radiation intensity of the radiation unit 202 in the vertical polarization direction, thereby increasing the gain of the antenna 200. Therefore, when the radar system using the antenna 200 is applied to a vehicle, the interference generated by the ground can be effectively reduced, and the quality of the wireless signal can be further improved. It has more advantages in the application of vehicle radar scenes. At the same time, the back-end circuit switch is not used for beam switching, which effectively improves the practicability of the solution.
  • the antenna 200 proposed in the embodiment of the present application can be specifically divided into two optional implementation modes: (1), the parasitic unit 204 is a dummy structure; (2), the parasitic unit 204 is a dummy structure; The unit 204 is electrically connected to the first main feeder 201. They are described separately below.
  • the parasitic unit 204 has a dummy structure.
  • the antenna 200 specifically includes: J second main feeders 203, where each second main feeder 203 is electrically connected to M parasitic elements 204, J is a positive integer, and M is a positive integer greater than 1, and the second main feeder 203 is connected to M parasitic units 204 form a dummy structure, where M parasitic units 204 are coupled with N radiating units 202; when J is greater than 1, J second main feeders 203 and J*M parasitic units 204 are composed of J
  • the dummy structure is arranged on both sides of the first main feeder 201, and the J second main feeders 203 are arranged at equal intervals.
  • the antenna 200 specifically includes: 2 second main feeders 203 are electrically connected to 2*10 parasitic units 204, wherein each second main feeder 203 is electrically connected to 10 parasitic units 204 respectively to form a dummy structure .
  • the five parasitic units 204 in each second main feeder 203 are coupled to the five radiating units 202 respectively.
  • the two second main feeders 203 shown in FIG. 6 are respectively arranged on both sides of the first main feeder 201, and the two second main feeders 203 are arranged at equal intervals.
  • the parasitic element 204 coupled with the radiating element 202 in the two second main feeders 203 is symmetrical with respect to the geometric center of the antenna 200.
  • the structure of the parasitic unit 204 is the same as that of the radiation unit 202
  • a microstrip branch is provided at the port of the first main feeder 201, and the microstrip branch is electrically connected to the first main feeder 201 through which the first main feeder 201 passes.
  • the microstrip branch is electrically connected to the signal source, and the microstrip branch is used for 1/4 impedance matching.
  • the length L1 of the microstrip branch 0.65 mm
  • the width of the microstrip branch 0.1 mm.
  • the second main feeder 203 and the parasitic unit 204 form a dummy structure.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the dummy structure proposed in an embodiment of the application.
  • the dummy structure may have three different implementation manners as shown in the figure: the second main feeder 203 is disconnected, disconnected, or electrically connected to a matching load (Match the load).
  • the matching load can be a waveguide, a tri-plate line, a microstrip line, or a coaxial line, etc., which is not limited here.
  • the parasitic unit 204 in the antenna 200 is electrically connected to the second main feeder 203 to form a dummy structure, and the user can adjust the amount of energy coupled between the dummy structure and the first main feeder 201 (and the radiating unit 202). Adjust the gain range of the antenna 200 at different angles. Therefore, the radar system using the antenna 200 relies on the cooperation of the parasitic unit 204 and the radiating unit 202 to achieve a wider half-power beam width.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the direction of an antenna 200 in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 8 is a simulation experiment result of a radiation pattern of the antenna 200 shown in FIG. 6.
  • the antenna 200 has a high gain at a position where the radiation direction is ⁇ 50 degrees.
  • the antenna 200 When the antenna 200 is applied to a vehicle's short- and medium-range radar, it can provide high gain in the front and side directions of the vehicle, which can effectively meet the short-range requirements. Radar performance requirements.
  • the parasitic unit 204 is electrically connected to the first main feeder 201.
  • the antenna 200 specifically includes: J second main feeders 203, wherein each second main feeder 203 is electrically connected to M parasitic elements 204, J is a positive integer, and M is a positive integer greater than 1; the second main feeder 203 It is electrically connected to the first main feeder 201; when J is greater than 1, J second main feeders 203 are respectively arranged on both sides of the first main feeder 201, and J second main feeders 203 are arranged at equal intervals.
  • the antenna 200 further includes a first power distributor 207.
  • the second main feeder 203 is electrically connected to the first main feeder 201 through the first power distributor 207.
  • the first power distributor 207 is used to adjust the output of the M parasitic units 204. Beam.
  • the first power divider 207 is a microstrip type power divider, a substrate integrated waveguide type power divider, or a coplanar waveguide type power divider.
  • the antenna 200 specifically includes: 2 second main feeders 203 are electrically connected to 2*10 parasitic units 204, wherein each second main feeder 203 is electrically connected to 10 parasitic units 204, and 2 second main feeders 203 are electrically connected to 10 parasitic units 204.
  • the main feeder 203 is electrically connected to the first main feeder 201 through the first power distributor 207.
  • the five parasitic units 204 in each second main feeder 203 are coupled to the five radiating units 202 respectively.
  • the parasitic element 204 coupled with the radiating element 202 in the two second main feeders 203 is symmetrical with respect to the geometric center of the antenna 200.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a direction of an antenna 200 in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 10 is a simulation experiment result of a radiation pattern of the antenna 200 shown in FIG. 9.
  • the antenna 200 has a high gain at a position where the radiation direction is ⁇ 50 degrees.
  • the antenna 200 When the antenna 200 is applied to a vehicle's short- and medium-range radar, it can provide high gain in the front and side directions of the vehicle, which can effectively meet the short-range requirements. Radar performance requirements. At the same time, there is no zero point in the horizontal plane of the antenna 200, and the technical effect of no blind zone on the horizontal plane is realized. It should be noted that this is only a possible simulation experiment result. Depending on the actual components, there may be other simulation experiment results, which are not limited here.
  • one embodiment or “an embodiment” mentioned throughout the specification means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic related to the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, the appearances of "in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, these specific features, structures or characteristics can be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner. It should be understood that in the various embodiments of the present application, the size of the sequence number of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not correspond to the embodiments of the present application. The implementation process constitutes any limitation.
  • system in this article is often used interchangeably in this article.
  • and/or in this article is only an association relationship describing the associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and/or B, which can mean: A alone exists, A and B exist at the same time, exist alone B these three situations.
  • character "/" in this text generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or” relationship.
  • B corresponding to A means that B is associated with A, and B can be determined according to A.
  • determining B based on A does not mean that B is determined only based on A, and B can also be determined based on A and/or other information.

Abstract

本申请实施例公开了一种天线以及雷达系统，天线中寄生单元与辐射单元的耦合，寄生单元通过耦合接收辐射单元发出的辐射能量，并向外发出寄生辐射，该寄生辐射对辐射单元发出的波束正增益。该辐射单元在水平极化方向上的辐射强度大于辐射单元在垂直极化方向上的辐射强度，从而提升天线增益。

Description

一种天线以及雷达系统
本申请要求于2020年02月25日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010115790.3、发明名称为“一种天线以及雷达系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及雷达领域，尤其涉及一种天线以及雷达系统。
背景技术
毫米波雷达是工作在毫米波波段(millimeter wave)探测的雷达。毫米波雷达(后文简称雷达系统)具有分辨率高、频带宽、抗干扰能力强等特点。雷达系统通过天线发射电磁波，该天线遇到障碍物后产生反射，雷达系统通过捕获反射信号可以确定物体的距离、速度和角度等信息。因此，毫米波雷达目前广泛应用于汽车中。
在汽车中，根据安装位置以及探测场景的不同，雷达系统可以分为长距离雷达(long range radar，LRR)、中距离雷达(middle range radar，MRR)和短距离雷达(short range radar，SRR)。以短距离雷达为例，通常在车辆的四角上分别安装4个短距离雷达以实现对车身周围的全景覆盖。因此，短距离雷达需要具有较宽的半功率波束宽度(half power beam width，HPBW)。现有技术中，短距离雷达为了实现较宽的半功率波束宽度，通常采用的方案是多天线与开关相互配合使用，通过开关切换不同的天线开启或关闭，以实现较宽的半功率波束宽度。
开关切换不同天线的过程中，需要长时间高频率地对不同天线开启或关闭，造成雷达系统工作稳定性较低的性能缺陷。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种天线以及雷达系统，天线中寄生单元与辐射单元的耦合，寄生单元通过耦合接收辐射单元发出的辐射能量，并向外发出寄生辐射，该寄生辐射对辐射单元发出的波束正增益。该辐射单元在水平极化方向上的辐射强度大于辐射单元在垂直极化方向上的辐射强度，从而提升天线增益。
第一方面，本申请实施例提出了一种天线，该天线包括：第一主馈线、辐射单元和寄生单元；第一主馈线与至少一个辐射单元电连接，第一主馈线通过至少一个辐射单元发出波束，辐射单元在水平极化方向上的辐射强度大于辐射单元在垂直极化方向上的辐射强度；至少一个寄生单元与辐射单元耦合，寄生单元通过接收辐射单元发出的辐射能量，向外发出寄生辐射，寄生辐射对辐射单元发出的波束正增益。
本申请实施例中，天线中寄生单元与辐射单元的耦合，寄生单元通过耦合接收辐射单元发出的辐射能量，并向外发出寄生辐射，该寄生辐射对辐射单元发出的波束正增益。因此，使用该天线的雷达系统，在天线部分可取消用于多天线切换的开关。在保证工作稳定性的前提下，依靠寄生单元与辐射单元的配合实现较宽的半功率波束宽度。同时，取消用于多天线切换的开关，可有效缩小天线和使用该天线的雷达系统的体积。该天线与使用该 天线的雷达系统具有低剖面和低重量等特点。
结合第一方面，在一些实现方式中，该第一主馈线与N个该辐射单元电连接，该N为大于1的正整数，具体的，该N个该辐射单元交错布置于该第一主馈线两侧，该N个该辐射单元串馈式布置。或，多个第一主馈线与N个辐射单元电连接。该天线中的辐射单元可以是串馈式布置，也可以是并馈式布置，提升了本方案的实现灵活性。
结合第一方面，在一些实现方式中，该辐射单元为V型结构、C型结构或三角形结构的金属贴片，该辐射单元在水平极化方向上的辐射强度大于该辐射单元在垂直极化方向上的辐射强度。辐射单元可以是多种结构，提升了本方案的实现灵活性。辐射单元在水平极化方向上的辐射强度大于辐射单元在垂直方向上的辐射强度。从而提升天线增益。使得应用该天线的雷达系统应用于车辆时，可有效减轻地面所产生的干扰，进一步提升无线信号质量。
结合第一方面，在一些实现方式中，该寄生单元与该辐射单元的结构相同；一个该寄生单元与一个该辐射单元耦合，或，一个该寄生单元与两个该辐射单元耦合，提升了本方案的实现灵活性。
结合第一方面，在一些实现方式中，天线还包括第二主馈线；该第二主馈线为J个，每个第二主馈线与M个该寄生单元电连接，该J为正整数，该M为大于1的正整数；该第二主馈线与该M个该寄生单元组成哑元结构，其中，该M个该寄生单元与该N个该辐射单元耦合；当该J大于1时，该J个该第二主馈线与该J*M个该寄生单元组成的该J个哑元结构，分别布置于该第一主馈线的两侧。第二主馈线为短路、断路或与匹配负载电连接。第一主馈线与微带支节电连接，该微带支节用于进行1/4阻抗匹配。天线中寄生单元与第二主馈线电连接组成哑元结构，用户可以通过调节该哑元结构与第一主馈线(以及辐射单元)耦合的能量大小，调整该天线在不同角度上的增益幅度。使得应用该天线的雷达系统，依靠寄生单元与辐射单元的配合实现较宽的半功率波束宽度。
结合第一方面，在一些实现方式中，天线还包括第二主馈线；该第二主馈线为J个，每个第二主馈线与M个该寄生单元电连接，该J为正整数，该M为大于1的正整数；该第二主馈线与该第一主馈线电连接；当该J大于1时，该J个该第二主馈线分别布置于该第一主馈线的两侧。该天线还包括第一功率分配器；该第二主馈线通过该第一功率分配器与该第一主馈线电连接，其中，该第一功率分配器用于调节该M个该寄生单元发出的波束。该第一功率分配器为微带型功率分配器、基片集成波导型功率分配器或共面波导型功率分配器。本申请实施例中，用户可以通过第一功率分配器调节不同主馈线(第一主馈线或第二主馈线)的亏电幅度和相位，调整该天线在不同角度上的增益幅度。使得应用该天线的雷达系统，依靠寄生单元与辐射单元的配合实现较宽的半功率波束宽度。
第二方面，本申请实施例还提出了一种雷达系统，该雷达系统包括如前述第一方面以及第一方面中任意一种实现方式的天线，该雷达系统还包括信号源和处理器；该信号源连接该天线的馈电口，该信号源用于通过该天线收发无线信号；该处理器用于对该无线信号进行处理。使得应用该天线的雷达系统，依靠寄生单元与辐射单元的配合实现较宽的半功率波束宽度。
第三方面，本申请实施例还提出了一种车辆，该车辆包括前述第二方面中的雷达系统。当前述第一方面的天线应用于车辆中的雷达系统时，可以在车辆的正前方向与侧方向提供较高增益，可有效满足车辆对雷达系统的性能需求。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种应用场景示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提出的天线200的结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提出的一种天线200结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提出的一种辐射单元202的结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提出的一种辐射单元202的结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提出的一种天线200结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提出的哑元结构的结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例中一种天线200方向示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提出的一种天线200结构示意图；
图10为本申请实施例中一种天线200方向示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例提供了一种天线和雷达系统，该天线通过寄生单元与辐射单元的耦合，该寄生单元对该辐射单元发出的波束正增益，使得使用该天线的雷达系统实现较宽的半功率波束宽度。该天线与该雷达系统具有低剖面和低重量等特点。
下面结合附图，对本申请的实施例进行描述。本领域普通技术人员可知，随着技术的发展和新场景的出现，本申请实施例提供的技术方案对于类似的技术问题，同样适用。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的术语在适当情况下可以互换，这仅仅是描述本申请的实施例中对相同属性的对象在描述时所采用的区分方式。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，以便包含一系列单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于那些单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它单元。
请参阅图1，图1为本申请实施例提供的一种应用场景示意图。图1中所示的车辆100周围配置8个雷达(也可以是多个，此处并不限定)，分别为长距离雷达101、中距离雷达102和短距离雷达103,每个雷达包括数字前端(digital front end,DFE)和传感器雷达信号处理单元(sensor radar-signal processing unit，Sensor RPU)两个部分。其中，DFE包括天线200及相应的射频前端电路，该天线200用于发出波束与接收波束；该射频前端电路用于天线信号与波束之间的转换处理，该射频前端电路包括模数转换器(analog-digital converter，ADC)，ADC用于将转换后的天线信号传输到Sensor RPU中进行处理。Sensor RPU进行天线信号处理，通常包含测距、测速和测角等信号处理，也可 能包含点云数据聚合以及动目标跟踪等高层次数据处理。经过每个雷达各自的数据处理，将处理结果以数字信号的形式传输到处理器104(中央RPU)进行后续的多雷达数据融合等处理任务。该中央RPU为雷达的处理器。需要说明的是，图1所示的应用场景，仅是一种可选的实现方式，本申请实施例提出的天线还可以应用于由其它元件组成的雷达系统中。例如，该雷达包括模拟前端(analog front end,AFE)，AFE内部包括天线200和相应的射频前端电路。该天线200获得的天线信号经过射频前端模拟电路放大、滤波或下混频等处理后，传输该信号到处理器104(中央RPU)。
需要说明的是，本申请所提供的雷达系统的使用场景不仅限于车载雷达，还可应用于其他雷达系统，以及其他类似拓扑结构的电子处理系统，例如：部署于无人机的机载雷达系统等。
下面，结合附图对本申请提出的天线200进行说明。请参阅图2，图2为本申请实施例提出的天线200的结构示意图。本申请实施例提出的一种天线200包括：第一主馈线201、辐射单元202、第二主馈线203、寄生单元204、第一金属板205和第二金属板206。
第一主馈线201与天线200的馈电口电连接，该天线200的馈电口与雷达的信号源电连接，该雷达的信号源通过该天线200收发无线信号，具体的，该无线信号为波束的形式。第一主馈线201与至少一个辐射单元202电连接，第一主馈线201通过至少一个辐射单元202发出波束(或接收波束)。
至少一个寄生单元204(parasitic element)与辐射单元202(radiating element)耦合，可以是一个寄生单元204与一个辐射单元202耦合，也可以是多个寄生单元204与一个辐射单元202耦合，还可以是多个寄生单元204与多个辐射单元202耦合，此处不作限定。该寄生单元204通过接收辐射单元202发出的辐射能量(波束)，向外发出寄生辐射(parasitic radiation)，该寄生辐射对辐射单元202发出的波束正增益。例如，如图2所示，每一个辐射单元202分别与两个寄生单元204耦合。
该第一主馈线201与N个辐射单元202电连接，N为大于1的正整数，该N个辐射单元202串馈式布置。可选的，该N个辐射单元202可以交错布置与第一主馈线201两侧，也可以平行布置于第一主馈线201两侧，此处不作限定。可选的，该N个辐射单元202可以是串馈式布置，也可以是并馈式布置，此处不作限定。例如，图2中该第一主馈线201与10个辐射单元202电连接。该10个辐射单元202交错布置与第一主馈线201两侧，该10个辐射单元202串馈式布置。
以图2辐射单元202与寄生单元204之间的耦合方式为例，具体的，该辐射单元202与该寄生单元204之间的位置关系可参阅图3，图3为本申请实施例提出的一种天线200结构示意图。该辐射单元202为V型结构时，该辐射单元202的枝节与该寄生单元204耦合区域的长度(L)为0.1毫米-0.5毫米，该辐射单元202的枝节与该寄生单元204耦合区域的宽度为0.1-0.5毫米，枝节的夹角为45度-150度。需要说明的是，辐射单元202与寄生单元204耦合区域的长度与宽度，此处不作限制。该寄生单元204与该辐射单元202可以是一个寄生单元204与一个辐射单元202耦合，也可以是一个寄生单元204与两个辐射单元202耦合，此处不做限制。
可选的，该辐射单元202可以为V型结构、C型结构、W型结构或三角形结构的金属贴片，例如，如图2所示，该辐射单元202为V型结构，此时，该辐射单元202枝节长度为0.5毫米-1.5毫米之间；如图4所示，图4为本申请实施例提出的一种辐射单元202的结构示意图，该辐射单元202为三角形结构。此外，该辐射单元202还可以是“一”型结构或“【”型结构等，此处不作限制。
可选的，该寄生单元204可以与该辐射单元202的结构相同，也可以与该辐射单元202的结构不同，例如：当该辐射单元202为V型结构时，该寄生单元204为C型结构，此处不作限制。
具体的，本申请实施例提出的辐射单元202具有如下特性：辐射单元202在水平极化方向上的辐射强度大于辐射单元202在垂直极化方向上的辐射强度。可选的，该辐射单元202在垂直极化方向上的辐射强度为0。电磁波在空间传播时，起电场矢量的瞬时取向称为极化，当电场强度方向平行于地面时，该电磁波的极化方向称为水平极化(horizontal polarization)方向；当该电磁波的电场强度方向垂直于地面时，该电磁波的极化方向称为垂直极化(vertical polarization)方向。为了便于理解，请参阅图5，图5为本申请实施例提出的一种辐射单元202的结构示意图。以辐射单元202为V型结构为例，“E1”和“E2”为该辐射单元202两个枝节上各自的电场强度方向，“E1”和“E2”的矢量和为“E3”，具体的，“E1”和“E2”在垂直方向相抵消，在水平方向相加和。需要说明的是，当该辐射单元202为其它结构，如C型结构时，该辐射单元202同样具有上述特性，此处不再赘述。
该寄生单元204、该辐射单元202、该第一主馈线201和该第二主馈线203设置于第一金属板205上，该第一金属板205具体为铜或银等导电金属。第一金属板205下是第二金属板206，第二金属板206用于接地。第一金属板205与第二金属板206之间还可以设置中间层(图中未示出)，该中间层为高频电路板材，可选的，该中间层可以选用“Rogers3003”或“NF30”等介电常数为3的板材。
本申请实施例中，天线200中寄生单元204与辐射单元202的耦合，寄生单元204通过耦合接收辐射单元202发出的辐射能量，并向外发出寄生辐射，该寄生辐射对辐射单元202发出的波束正增益。该辐射单元202在水平极化方向上的辐射强度大于辐射单元202在垂直极化方向上的辐射强度，从而提升天线200增益。使得应用该天线200的雷达系统应用于车辆时，可有效减轻地面所产生的干扰，进一步提升无线信号质量。在车载雷达场景应用上更具有优势。同时不使用后端的电路开关进行波束切换，有效提高该方案的实用性。
在图2至图5所示实施例的基础上，本申请实施例提出的天线200具体可以分为两种可选实现方式：(1)、寄生单元204为哑元结构；(2)、寄生单元204与第一主馈线201之间电连接。下面分别进行描述。
(1)、寄生单元204为哑元结构。
该天线200具体包括：J个第二主馈线203，其中，每个第二主馈线203与M个寄生单元204电连接，J正整数，M为大于1的正整数；第二主馈线203与M个寄生单元204组成哑元结构，其中，M个寄生单元204与N个辐射单元202耦合；当J大于1时，J个第二主 馈线203与J*M个寄生单元204组成的J个哑元结构，分别布置于第一主馈线201的两侧，J个第二主馈线203等间距排列布置。
为了便于说明，请参阅图6，图6为本申请实施例提出的一种天线200结构示意图。以J＝2，M＝10为例进行说明。图6中，天线200具体包括：2个第二主馈线203与2*10个寄生单元204电连接，其中，每个第二主馈线203分别与10个寄生单元204电连接并组成哑元结构。如图所示，每个第二主馈线203中的5个寄生单元204分别与5个辐射单元202耦合。图6所示的2个第二主馈线203分别布置于第一主馈线201的两侧，该2个第二主馈线203等间距排列布置。该2个第二主馈线203中与辐射单元202耦合的寄生单元204关于天线200的几何中心对称。
可选的，该第一主馈线201的宽度为W1＝0.2毫米，该寄生单元204与辐射单元202的结构一致，该寄生单元204的枝节的宽度为Wp＝0.16毫米，该寄生单元204的枝节的长度为Lp＝1.33毫米。该第二主馈线203与第一主馈线201之间的距离为Ly＝1.96毫米。为了匹配该天线200与雷达系统中的信号源，在该第一主馈线201的端口处设置微带支节，该微带支节与第一主馈线201电连接，第一主馈线201通过该微带支节与信号源电连接，该微带支节用于进行1/4阻抗匹配。可选的，该微带支节的长度L1＝0.65毫米，该微带支节的宽度＝0.1毫米。
该第二主馈线203与寄生单元204组成哑元结构，具体的，请参阅图7，图7为本申请实施例提出的哑元结构的结构示意图。该哑元结构可以存在如图所示的三种不同实现方式：第二主馈线203为断路、断路或与匹配负载(Match the load)电连接。可选的，该匹配负载可以是波导、三板线、微带线或同轴线等，此处不做限制。
本申请实施例中，天线200中寄生单元204与第二主馈线203电连接组成哑元结构，用户可以通过调节该哑元结构与第一主馈线201(以及辐射单元202)耦合的能量大小，调整该天线200在不同角度上的增益幅度。使得应用该天线200的雷达系统，依靠寄生单元204与辐射单元202的配合实现较宽的半功率波束宽度。具体请参见图8，图8为本申请实施例中一种天线200方向示意图。图8为图6所示天线200的一种方向图(radiation pattern)的仿真实验结果。该天线200在辐射方向为±50度位置处具有较高增益，当该天线200应用于车辆中短距离雷达时，可以在车辆的正前方向与侧方向提供较高增益，可有效满足短距离雷达的性能需求。同时，在该天线200的水平面内无零点，实现了水平面上无盲区的技术效果。需要说明的是，这仅是一种可能的仿真实验结果，根据实际元件的不同，还可以存在其它的仿真实验结果，此处不作限定。
(2)、寄生单元204与第一主馈线201之间电连接。
该天线200具体包括：J个第二主馈线203，其中，每个第二主馈线203与M个寄生单元204电连接，J为正整数，M为大于1的正整数；第二主馈线203与第一主馈线201电连接；当J大于1时，J个第二主馈线203分别布置于第一主馈线201的两侧，J个第二主馈线203等间距排列布置。天线200还包括第一功率分配器207，第二主馈线203通过第一功率分配器207与第一主馈线201电连接，其中，第一功率分配器207用于调节M个寄生单元204发出的波束。可选的，第一功率分配器207为微带型功率分配器、基片集成波导 型功率分配器或共面波导型功率分配器。
为了便于说明，请参阅图9，图9为本申请实施例提出的一种天线200结构示意图。以J＝2，M＝10为例进行说明。图9中，天线200具体包括：2个第二主馈线203与2*10个寄生单元204电连接，其中，每个第二主馈线203分别与10个寄生单元204电连接，2个第二主馈线203通过第一功率分配器207与第一主馈线201电连接。如图所示，每个第二主馈线203中的5个寄生单元204分别与5个辐射单元202耦合。图9所示的2个第二主馈线203分别布置于第一主馈线201的两侧，该2个第二主馈线203等间距排列布置。该2个第二主馈线203中与辐射单元202耦合的寄生单元204关于天线200的几何中心对称。
本申请实施例中，用户可以通过第一功率分配器207调节不同主馈线(第一主馈线201或第二主馈线203)的亏电幅度和相位，调整该天线200在不同角度上的增益幅度。使得应用该天线200的雷达系统，依靠寄生单元204与辐射单元202的配合实现较宽的半功率波束宽度。具体请参见图10，图10为本申请实施例中一种天线200方向示意图。图10为图9所示天线200的一种方向图(radiation pattern)的仿真实验结果。该天线200在辐射方向为±50度位置处具有较高增益，当该天线200应用于车辆中短距离雷达时，可以在车辆的正前方向与侧方向提供较高增益，可有效满足短距离雷达的性能需求。同时，在该天线200的水平面内无零点，实现了水平面上无盲区的技术效果。需要说明的是，这仅是一种可能的仿真实验结果，根据实际元件的不同，还可以存在其它的仿真实验结果，此处不作限定。
应理解，说明书通篇中提到的“一个实施例”或“一实施例”意味着与实施例有关的特定特征、结构或特性包括在本申请的至少一个实施例中。因此，在整个说明书各处出现的“在一个实施例中”或“在一实施例中”未必一定指相同的实施例。此外，这些特定的特征、结构或特性可以任意适合的方式结合在一个或多个实施例中。应理解，在本申请的各种实施例中，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
另外，本文中术语“系统”在本文中常被可互换使用。本文中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
应理解，在本申请实施例中，“与A相应的B”表示B与A相关联，根据A可以确定B。但还应理解，根据A确定B并不意味着仅仅根据A确定B，还可以根据A和/或其它信息确定B。
总之，以上该仅为本申请技术方案的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本申请的保护范围。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种天线，其特征在于，包括：第一主馈线、辐射单元和寄生单元；
    所述第一主馈线与至少一个所述辐射单元电连接，所述第一主馈线通过至少一个所述辐射单元发出波束；
    至少一个所述寄生单元与所述辐射单元耦合，所述寄生单元通过接收所述辐射单元发出的辐射能量，向外发出寄生辐射，所述寄生辐射对所述辐射单元发出的所述波束正增益。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，
    所述第一主馈线与N个所述辐射单元电连接，所述N为大于1的正整数；
    所述N个所述辐射单元交错布置于所述第一主馈线两侧，所述N个所述辐射单元串馈式布置。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的天线，其特征在于，所述辐射单元为V型结构、C型结构或三角形结构的金属贴片，所述辐射单元在水平极化方向上的辐射强度大于所述辐射单元在垂直极化方向上的辐射强度。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的天线，其特征在于，
    所述寄生单元与所述辐射单元的结构相同；一个所述寄生单元与一个所述辐射单元耦合，或，一个所述寄生单元与两个所述辐射单元耦合。
  5. 根据权利要求2-4中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述天线还包括第二主馈线；
    所述第二主馈线为J个，所述J为正整数；
    每个所述第二主馈线与M个所述寄生单元电连接，所述M为大于1的正整数；
    所述第二主馈线与所述M个所述寄生单元组成哑元结构，其中，所述M个所述寄生单元与所述N个所述辐射单元耦合；
    当所述J大于1时，所述J个所述第二主馈线与所述J*M个所述寄生单元组成的所述J个哑元结构，分别布置于所述第一主馈线的两侧。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第二主馈线为短路、断路或与匹配负载电连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一主馈线与微带支节电连接，所述微带支节用于进行1/4阻抗匹配。
  8. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述天线还包括第二主馈线；
    所述第二主馈线为J个，所述J为正整数；
    每个第二主馈线与M个所述寄生单元电连接，所述M为大于1的正整数；
    所述第二主馈线与所述第一主馈线电连接；
    当所述J大于1时，所述J个所述第二主馈线分别布置于所述第一主馈线的两侧。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的天线，其特征在于，所述天线还包括第一功率分配器；
    所述第二主馈线通过所述第一功率分配器与所述第一主馈线电连接，其中，所述第一功率分配器用于调节所述M个所述寄生单元发出的波束。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一功率分配器为微带型功率分配器、基片集成波导型功率分配器或共面波导型功率分配器。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述辐射单元为V型结构时，所述辐射单元的枝节长度为0.5毫米-1.5毫米，所述辐射单元的所述枝节的夹角为45度-150度，所述枝节与所述寄生单元耦合区域的长度为0.1毫米-0.5毫米，所述枝节与所述寄生单元耦合区域的宽度为0.1毫米-0.5毫米。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的天线，其特征在于，所述天线还包括第一金属板、介质基板和第二金属板，其中，所述第一主馈线、所述辐射单元、所述第二主馈线、所述寄生单元、和\或所述第一功率分配器设置于所述第一金属板，所述第二金属板接地。
  13. 一种雷达系统，其特征在于，包括信号源、处理器以及权利要求1-12任一项所述的天线；
    所述信号源连接所述天线的馈电口，所述信号源用于通过所述天线收发无线信号；
    所述处理器用于对所述无线信号进行处理。
  14. 一种车辆，其特征在于，所述车辆包括权利要求13所述的雷达系统。
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