WO2023140081A1 - Station de stockage/alimentation en ammoniac - Google Patents

Station de stockage/alimentation en ammoniac Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023140081A1
WO2023140081A1 PCT/JP2022/048466 JP2022048466W WO2023140081A1 WO 2023140081 A1 WO2023140081 A1 WO 2023140081A1 JP 2022048466 W JP2022048466 W JP 2022048466W WO 2023140081 A1 WO2023140081 A1 WO 2023140081A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ammonia
storage tank
vaporizer
combustor
gaseous ammonia
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Application number
PCT/JP2022/048466
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
清一 北川
大輔 中原
陽介 小林
Original Assignee
株式会社Ｉｈｉプラント
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社Ｉｈｉプラント filed Critical 株式会社Ｉｈｉプラント
Publication of WO2023140081A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023140081A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an ammonia storage supply base.
  • This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2022-006840 filed in Japan on January 20, 2022, the content of which is incorporated herein.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses an LNG base that supplies natural gas to thermal power plants. This LNG terminal vaporizes LNG (liquid fuel) stored at low temperatures in LNG tanks using a plurality of vaporizers to generate natural gas (gaseous fuel), and sends out this natural gas according to the consumption of the thermal power plant.
  • the production of vaporized LNG is designed to meet the consumption of thermal power plants.
  • the consumption of the thermal power plant may fall below the amount of vaporized LNG generated, resulting in a surplus of vaporized LNG.
  • the surplus vaporized LNG is generally disposed of in a ground flare or the like. Since LNG is known to be extremely cold, it is difficult to re-liquefy, so it must be burned and disposed of as described above.
  • disposal by ground flare is aimed at mechanical protection of equipment, and it is not possible to predict when the equipment will be in unsteady operation as described above. Therefore, the ground flare ignites the pilot burner continuously.
  • ammonia which does not generate carbon dioxide when burned, has attracted attention as a countermeasure against global warming, and the use of large amounts of liquid ammonia as a new alternative fuel for boilers in thermal power plants is being considered.
  • an ammonia storage and supply base that can reduce the disposal of ammonia, which is the fuel, even if the thermal power plant, which is the demand side, is in an unsteady operation, and can ensure safe and stable operation on the fuel supply system side.
  • An ammonia storage and supply base includes: a low-temperature storage tank that stores liquid ammonia; a vaporizer that vaporizes the liquid ammonia discharged from the low-temperature storage tank; a combustor of a thermal power plant that burns the gaseous ammonia vaporized by the vaporizer; a recycling line for supplying gas to the boil-off gas treatment facility for reliquefaction and return to the cryogenic storage tank.
  • a gaseous ammonia supply line that supplies gaseous ammonia from the vaporizer to the combustor, and a pressure control device that performs pressure control to open and close the recycle line according to the pressure of the gaseous ammonia supply line.
  • a liquid ammonia supply line that supplies liquid ammonia from the low temperature storage tank to the vaporizer, and a flow rate control device that controls the flow rate of the liquid ammonia supply line according to the consumption amount of the combustor may be provided.
  • a plurality of carburetors may be provided, and the number of carburetors in operation may increase or decrease in conjunction with the load of the combustor.
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an ammonia storage supply base according to one embodiment
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an ammonia storage supply base 1 according to one embodiment.
  • the ammonia storage supply terminal 1 shown in FIG. 1 receives liquid ammonia 100 from tankers (not shown).
  • the ammonia storage supply base 1 stores and vaporizes the liquid ammonia 100, and supplies the vaporized gaseous ammonia to the boiler 4 (combustor) of the thermal power plant.
  • the ammonia storage supply base 1 includes a cold storage tank 2 , a vaporizer 3 , a boiler 4 , a boil-off gas treatment facility (hereinafter referred to as BOG treatment facility 5 ), and a recycling line 6 .
  • BOG treatment facility 5 a boil-off gas treatment facility
  • ammonia storage supply base 1 is equipped with an abatement facility (not shown) for treating the ammonia discharged from the ammonia storage supply base 1 .
  • the abatement facility is an ammonia waste treatment facility that normally does not operate but is intended to ensure the safety of the facility (described later).
  • the low-temperature storage tank 2 is, for example, a large, double-shell, above-ground low-temperature tank with a total height of about 50 meters.
  • the low-temperature storage tank 2 may be an underground low-temperature tank.
  • the cold storage tank 2 stores liquid ammonia 100 transferred from an ammonia tanker through a receiving pipe (not shown).
  • the storage temperature of the liquid ammonia 100 is, for example, about -33°C to -34°C.
  • the liquid ammonia 100 stored in the low temperature storage tank 2 is supplied to the vaporizer 3 through the liquid ammonia supply line 7.
  • a payout pump 8 and a control valve 9 are provided in the liquid ammonia supply line 7 .
  • the liquid ammonia supply line 7 is a transfer pipe that connects the ammonia discharge port of the payout pump 8 and the ammonia inlet of the vaporizer 3 .
  • the dispensing pump 8 is an in-tank pump installed inside the low-temperature storage tank 2 and dispenses the liquid ammonia 100 stored in the low-temperature storage tank 2 to the outside of the low-temperature storage tank 2 .
  • the valve opening degree of the control valve 9 is controlled according to the valve opening degree control signal input from the flow control device 10 .
  • the flow rate control device 10 includes a flow meter that measures the flow rate of the liquid ammonia supply line 7 .
  • the flow control device 10 outputs the measurement result of the flow meter to the main control device 16 and receives an operation command from the control device 16 to operate the control valve 9 .
  • the control valve 9 is installed in the middle of the liquid ammonia supply line 7 and adjusts the flow rate of the liquid ammonia 100 supplied to the vaporizer 3 .
  • the vaporizer 3 vaporizes the liquid ammonia 100 transferred through the liquid ammonia supply line 7 to generate gaseous ammonia.
  • Gaseous ammonia generated in the vaporizer 3 is supplied to the boiler 4 of the thermal power plant through the gaseous ammonia supply line 11 .
  • the gaseous ammonia supply line 11 is a transfer pipe that connects the gaseous ammonia outlet of the vaporizer 3 and the boiler 4 .
  • the boiler 4 co-fires the gaseous ammonia vaporized by the vaporizer 3 with coal.
  • the boiler 4 has a plurality of burners, and the number of burners in operation increases or decreases according to the co-firing ratio of gaseous ammonia to coal or the boiler load.
  • the co-firing rate of gaseous ammonia is set to 20% at maximum, for example.
  • a plurality of vaporizers 3 are provided, and the number of vaporizers 3 in operation increases or decreases in conjunction with the co-firing ratio of gaseous ammonia.
  • the number of burners in operation and the number of vaporizers 3 in operation may be controlled by the control device 16 .
  • the BOG processing equipment 5 re-liquefies the boil-off gas (hereinafter referred to as BOG) generated in the low-temperature storage tank 2 due to heat input and returns it to the low-temperature storage tank 2 .
  • BOG boil-off gas
  • BOG discharge line 13 is a transfer pipe that connects the BOG discharge port at the top of the cold storage tank 2 and the BOG inlet of the BOG treatment facility 5 .
  • the BOG supplied to the BOG treatment equipment 5 is pressurized to a predetermined pressure by the BOG compressor, and liquefied by cooling water in the BOG condenser.
  • the liquefied ammonia is partially cooled by an economizer and then returned to the low-temperature storage tank 2 via an expansion valve and a BOG return line 14 .
  • the BOG treatment facility 5 treats (reliquefies) the BOG generated from the cold storage tank 2 and keeps the pressure of the cold storage tank 2 constant.
  • the recycle line 6 supplies surplus gas exceeding the consumption of the boiler 4 to the BOG processing equipment 5 to reliquefy it and return it to the low temperature storage tank 2 .
  • the recycle line 6 is a transfer pipe that connects the gaseous ammonia supply line 11 and the BOG discharge line 13 . That is, the gaseous ammonia that has passed through the recycle line 6 is returned from the downstream side (secondary side) of the vaporizer 3 to the upstream side (primary side) of the BOG treatment facility 5 .
  • a control valve 15 is provided in the recycle line 6 .
  • the valve opening degree of the control valve 15 is controlled according to a valve opening degree control signal input from the pressure control device 12 .
  • the pressure control device 12 has a pressure gauge that measures the pressure of the gaseous ammonia supply line 11 .
  • the pressure control device 12 outputs the measurement result of the pressure gauge to the main control device 16 and receives an operation command from the control device 16 to operate the control valve 15 .
  • the control valve 15 is installed in the middle of the recycle line 6 and adjusts the flow rate of gaseous ammonia to be returned to the BOG processing equipment 5 by opening and closing the recycle line 6 .
  • the control device 16 switches between burner pressure control and burner flow rate control according to the amount of fuel demanded by the boiler 4 of the thermal power plant.
  • the control device 16 controls the burner pressure because the flow rate of the liquid ammonia supply line 7 is low and the flow rate of the flow rate control device 10 becomes impossible or difficult to measure.
  • the burner pressure control is control that adjusts the opening degree of the control valve 15 of the recycle line 6 according to the required pressure of gaseous ammonia on the boiler 4 side. For example, until the pressure of the gaseous ammonia supply line 11 reaches the required pressure, the control valve 15 of the recycle line 6 is closed (the opening degree of the control valve 15 is zero), and when the pressure of the gaseous ammonia supply line 11 gradually increases, the control valve 15 of the recycle line 6 is opened according to the difference from the required pressure.
  • the control device 16 switches from burner pressure control to burner flow rate control.
  • the burner pressure control is control for adjusting the valve opening degree of the control valve 9 for the liquid ammonia 100 according to the demand amount of gaseous ammonia on the boiler 4 side.
  • the demand for the thermal power plant may be less than the amount of vaporized ammonia generated, resulting in a surplus of vaporized ammonia.
  • the control device 16 narrows the valve opening degree of the control valve 9 of the liquid ammonia supply line 7 to reduce the supply amount of the liquid ammonia 100 to the vaporizer 3, opens the control valve 15 of the recycle line 6, and returns the surplus gaseous ammonia generated in the vaporizer 3 to the BOG processing equipment 5.
  • the gaseous ammonia returned to the BOG treatment facility 5 is reliquefied without being discarded and returned to the cold storage tank 2 .
  • the ammonia storage and supply base 1 of the present embodiment includes a cold storage tank 2 that stores the liquid ammonia 100, a vaporizer 3 that vaporizes the liquid ammonia 100 discharged from the cold storage tank 2, a thermal power plant boiler 4 that co-combusts the gaseous ammonia vaporized by the vaporizer 3 with coal, a BOG treatment facility 5 that reliquefies the boil-off gas generated in the cold storage tank 2 and returns it to the cold storage tank 2, and supplies it from the vaporizer 3 to the boiler 4. and a recycle line 6 for supplying surplus gas exceeding the consumption of the boiler 4 to the BOG treatment facility 5 to re-liquefy and return it to the low temperature storage tank 2.
  • a large amount of liquid ammonia 100 can be vaporized as a fuel for thermal power generation, and the provision of the recycling line 6 eliminates the need to dispose of surplus gaseous ammonia. Since gaseous ammonia is toxic and cannot be burned in a ground flare or the like like natural gas, it is usually treated in a detoxification facility. If there is no recycling line 6, it is necessary to increase the operating rate of the abatement equipment, which normally does not need to be operated, in order to safely treat the surplus gaseous ammonia, and it is necessary to increase the capacity of the abatement equipment. Also, the abatement equipment holds water for dissolving gaseous ammonia.
  • the temperature of the water in the tank rises due to the heat of dissolution of ammonia, and if the amount of ammonia water exceeds 10 wt%, it is treated as a poisonous substance, so the abatement equipment needs to hold a large amount of water. In other words, by providing the recycling line 6, it is not necessary to increase the size of the abatement equipment in order to stably supply gaseous ammonia to the thermal power plant.
  • the ammonia storage and supply base 1 of this embodiment utilizes the concept of a conventional LNG vaporization and supply facility, and in consideration of the characteristics of ammonia, by adding a single recycle line 6, the entire facility can be optimized and the overall operating range of the thermal power plant on the demand side can be stably satisfied.
  • the flow rate control device 10 and the pressure control device 12 the recycling amount of gaseous ammonia can be reduced, and the diameter of the piping added as the recycle line 6 can be reduced. Therefore, the initial cost of installing the recycling line 6 can be kept low, and since there is no need to review the capacity of the BOG processing equipment 5, it is possible to optimize the design.
  • a plurality of vaporizers 3 are provided, and by increasing or decreasing the number of vaporizers 3 in operation in conjunction with the gaseous ammonia co-firing ratio of the boiler 4, the allowable range (turndown range) of the operating load of the vaporizers 3 can be considered, and the combination of the number of units can be optimized.
  • the ammonia storage supply base 1 of the present embodiment described above even if the thermal power plant side, which is the demand side, is in an unsteady operation, it is possible to reduce the disposal of ammonia, which is the fuel, and to ensure safe and stable operation on the fuel supply system side. Moreover, since the disposal of ammonia can be reduced, the capacity of abatement equipment can also be minimized.
  • the combustor is the boiler 4 of a thermal power plant that co-combusts gaseous ammonia vaporized by the vaporizer 3 with coal, but the present invention is not limited to this configuration.
  • the combustor may be, for example, a boiler of a thermal power plant fueled solely by gaseous ammonia. In this case, the number of operating vaporizers 3 may be increased or decreased in conjunction with the load of the boiler.
  • the combustor may be a gas turbine of a thermal power plant using gaseous ammonia as fuel.
  • the control device 16 described above has a computer system inside. Then, a program for realizing the function of each configuration provided in the above-described ammonia storage supply base 1 is recorded in a computer-readable recording medium, and the program recorded in this recording medium is read by a computer system and executed, whereby the above-described processing in the control device 16 may be performed. Also, hardware other than the control device 16 may perform the above-described processing.
  • the thermal power plant which is the demand side
  • ammonia which is the fuel

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

Une station de stockage/alimentation en ammoniac (1) est pourvue : d'un réservoir de stockage à froid (2) pour stocker de l'ammoniac liquide (100) ; d'un vaporisateur (3) pour vaporiser l'ammoniac liquide (100) distribué à partir du réservoir de stockage à froid (2) ; d'une chaudière (4) d'une centrale thermique qui brûle du charbon en combinaison avec de l'ammoniac gazeux vaporisé par le vaporisateur (3) ; d'une installation de traitement de gaz d'évaporation (5) pour reliquéfier un gaz d'évaporation généré dans le réservoir de stockage à froid (2) et le renvoyer au réservoir de stockage à froid (2) ; et d'une conduite de recyclage (6) pour alimenter l'installation de traitement de gaz évaporation (5) en gaz excédentaire, qui est une partie dépassant la quantité de consommation de la chaudière (4) dans l'ammoniac gazeux qui a été fourni par le vaporisateur (3) à la chaudière (4), pour le reliquéfier et le renvoyer au réservoir de stockage à froid (2).
PCT/JP2022/048466 2022-01-20 2022-12-28 Station de stockage/alimentation en ammoniac WO2023140081A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2022006840A JP2023105853A (ja) 2022-01-20 2022-01-20 アンモニア貯蔵供給基地
JP2022-006840 2022-01-20

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WO2023140081A1 true WO2023140081A1 (fr) 2023-07-27

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2018162751A (ja) * 2017-03-27 2018-10-18 株式会社Ihi 燃焼装置及びガスタービンエンジンシステム
KR20200091774A (ko) * 2019-01-23 2020-07-31 한국조선해양 주식회사 가스 처리 시스템, 이를 이용한 가스 처리 방법 및 이를 포함하는 선박
JP2021512258A (ja) * 2018-01-23 2021-05-13 ギャズトランスポルト エ テクニギャズ ガスタンカーのためのガス貯蔵設備においてガスを処理するための方法及びシステム
JP2021185313A (ja) * 2017-05-29 2021-12-09 株式会社Ihi 発電システム
JP2021196157A (ja) * 2020-06-18 2021-12-27 一般財団法人電力中央研究所 アンモニア利用システム

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2018162751A (ja) * 2017-03-27 2018-10-18 株式会社Ihi 燃焼装置及びガスタービンエンジンシステム
JP2021185313A (ja) * 2017-05-29 2021-12-09 株式会社Ihi 発電システム
JP2021512258A (ja) * 2018-01-23 2021-05-13 ギャズトランスポルト エ テクニギャズ ガスタンカーのためのガス貯蔵設備においてガスを処理するための方法及びシステム
KR20200091774A (ko) * 2019-01-23 2020-07-31 한국조선해양 주식회사 가스 처리 시스템, 이를 이용한 가스 처리 방법 및 이를 포함하는 선박
JP2021196157A (ja) * 2020-06-18 2021-12-27 一般財団法人電力中央研究所 アンモニア利用システム

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