WO2023138064A1 - 一种激光辅助磨削制备球形金属粉末的装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种激光辅助磨削制备球形金属粉末的装置及方法 Download PDF

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WO2023138064A1
WO2023138064A1 PCT/CN2022/116934 CN2022116934W WO2023138064A1 WO 2023138064 A1 WO2023138064 A1 WO 2023138064A1 CN 2022116934 W CN2022116934 W CN 2022116934W WO 2023138064 A1 WO2023138064 A1 WO 2023138064A1
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laser
grinding
workbench
head
collector
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PCT/CN2022/116934
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赵兴科
赵增磊
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北京科技大学顺德研究生院
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Publication of WO2023138064A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023138064A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of material processing, in particular to a device and method for preparing spherical metal powder by laser-assisted grinding.
  • the main preparation methods of spherical metal powder are gas atomization method, water atomization method, ultrasonic atomization method, rotating electrode atomization method, and combined powder making methods.
  • the basic principle of spherical metal powder preparation is to melt the metal through a certain form of heat source, and then use a certain form of energy to disperse the liquid into fine droplets.
  • heat source As a new type of heat source, laser has the advantages of high energy and time resolution, and it is more and more widely used in the field of metal processing.
  • High-energy-density lasers can rapidly melt, vaporize, and even thermally ionize metal materials, resulting in boiling explosions and Coulomb explosions, which can etch the surface of materials. Therefore, lasers integrate heating, melting, and dispersion of liquid droplets and can be used to prepare metal powders. High-energy laser atomization has been applied in the preparation of metal powder materials. However, there are three deficiencies in laser powder making: first, high energy consumption and high cost; second, low production efficiency; third, high powder heating temperature and serious burning loss of alloying elements.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a device and method for preparing spherical metal powder by laser-assisted grinding.
  • a low-energy and high-efficiency grinding method is used to break the metal block into fine powder particles, and then use a laser beam to heat and melt the high-temperature powder into liquid droplets, so that the irregular particles formed by grinding are transformed into spherical shapes.
  • This structure is simple and easy to operate, and realizes efficient and low-cost processing of spherical metal powder.
  • the present invention provides a device for preparing spherical metal powder by laser-assisted grinding, comprising an atmosphere chamber, a collector, a workbench, a grinding motor and a laser head, the laser head, the grinding motor, the workbench and the collector are all arranged inside the atmosphere chamber, and a workbench driver is connected to the workbench;
  • a grinding head is connected to the grinding motor, and the grinding head is arranged above the workbench, and a metal block is placed on the workbench;
  • a collection port is provided on the side of the collector close to the workbench, and the center of the collection port is arranged on the same straight line as the contact between the metal block and the grinding head;
  • An optical fiber is connected above the laser head.
  • the laser head is arranged between the collector and the worktable, and the beam focus of the laser head is on the same level as the lower edge of the grinding head.
  • a powder box is provided at the inner bottom of the collector, and two guide plates are provided above the powder box, and the two guide plates are respectively obliquely fixed on the inner walls of both sides of the collector.
  • the fixed ends of the two guide plates are higher than the free ends, and there is a gap between the free ends of the two guide plates.
  • the material of the grinding head is one of tool steel, hard alloy and diamond grinding wheel.
  • a method for preparing spherical metal powder by laser-assisted grinding comprising the following steps:
  • Processing starts: turn on the laser, start the grinding motor, and start the workbench driver in sequence;
  • the power of the laser is 100-1000W.
  • the present invention adopts a laser-assisted grinding device and method for preparing spherical metal powder with the above-mentioned structure, uses a low-energy and high-efficiency grinding method to break the metal block into fine powder particles, and then uses a laser beam to heat and melt the high-temperature powder into liquid droplets, so that the irregular particles formed by grinding are transformed into spherical shapes.
  • This structure is simple and easy to operate, and realizes efficient and low-cost processing of spherical metal powder.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a device for preparing spherical metal powder by laser-assisted grinding according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a device for preparing spherical metal powder by laser-assisted grinding according to the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a device for preparing spherical metal powder by laser-assisted grinding, comprising an atmosphere chamber 1, a collector 2, a workbench 3, a grinding motor 4 and a laser head 5, and an optical fiber 9 is connected above the laser head 5.
  • the laser head 5, the grinding motor 4, the workbench 3 and the collector 2 are all arranged inside the atmosphere chamber 1, and the workbench 3 is connected with a workbench driver; the grinding motor 4 is connected with a grinding cutter head 6, and the grinding cutter head 6 is arranged on the top of the workbench 3, and a metal block 7 is placed on the workbench 3; the side of the collector 2 near the workbench 3 is provided with a collecting port 8, and the center of the collecting port 8 is arranged on the same straight line as the contact between the metal block 7 and the grinding cutter head 6; Between the stages 3, the beam focal point of the laser head 5 and the lower edge of the grinding tool head 6 are on the same horizontal plane.
  • the metal is broken into fine particles by grinding tools, and the laser of the laser head is used to melt the fine particles into liquid droplets and shrink them into spherical shapes.
  • Argon is used to protect the metal from air contamination during the grinding and laser spheroidizing processes described above.
  • a powder box 10 is arranged at the inner bottom of the collector 2 , and two guide plates 11 are arranged above the powder box 10 , and the two guide plates 11 are respectively obliquely fixed on the inner walls of both sides of the collector 2 .
  • the fixed ends of the two guide plates 11 are higher than the free ends, and a gap 12 is provided between the free ends of the two guide plates 11 to facilitate powder falling into the powder box.
  • the material of the grinding head 6 is one of tool steel, cemented carbide, and diamond grinding wheel.
  • a method for preparing spherical metal powder by laser-assisted grinding comprising the following steps:
  • Processing starts: turn on the laser, start the grinding motor, and start the workbench driver in sequence;
  • the present invention adopts a laser-assisted grinding device and method for preparing spherical metal powder with the above-mentioned structure, uses a low-energy and high-efficiency grinding method to break the metal block into fine powder particles, and then uses a laser beam to heat and melt the high-temperature powder into liquid droplets, so that the irregular particles formed by grinding are transformed into spherical shapes.
  • This structure is simple and easy to operate, and realizes efficient and low-cost processing of spherical metal powder.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

一种激光辅助磨削制备球形金属粉末的装置，包括气氛室（1）、收集器（2）、工作台（3）、磨削电机（4）和激光头（5），激光头（5）、磨削电机（4）、工作台（3）和收集器（2）均设置在气氛室（1）内部，工作台（3）上连接有工作台驱动器；磨削电机（4）上连接有磨削刀头（6），磨削刀头（6）设置在工作台（3）的上方，工作台（3）上放置有金属块（7）；收集器（2）上靠近工作台（3）的一侧设置有收集口（8），收集口（8）的中心与金属块（7）和磨削刀头（6）的接触处设置在同一直线上；激光头（5）的上方连接有光纤（9）。

Description

一种激光辅助磨削制备球形金属粉末的装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及材料加工技术领域，尤其是涉及一种激光辅助磨削制备球形金属粉末的装置及方法。
背景技术
随着金属增材制造技术的迅速发展，对金属粉末的需求日益增加，亟需开发一种方便、经济的球形金属粉末制备技术。目前，球形金属粉末的主要制备方法有气雾化法、水雾化法、超声雾化法、旋转电极雾化法，及其组合制粉方法。球形金属粉末制备的基本原理是通过一定形式的热源将金属熔化，然后再使用一定形式的能量将液体分散成细小液滴。激光作为一种新型热源，具有能量和时间分辨高的优势，在金属加工领域应用越来越广泛。高能密度激光可以迅速熔化、汽化甚至热电离金属材料，产生沸腾爆炸和库伦爆炸现象，对材料表面产生刻蚀效果，因此，激光集加热熔化和分散液滴于一体，可以用于制备金属粉末。高能激光雾化已经在制备金属粉末材料方面得到了应用。然而激光制粉存在三个方面不足：一是耗能大，成本高；二是生产效率低；三是粉末加热温度高，合金元素烧损严重。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种激光辅助磨削制备球形金属粉末的装置及方法，利用低能高效的磨削加工方法将金属块体破碎成细小粉末颗粒，再用激光束将高温粉末加热熔化成液滴，使磨削形成的不规则颗粒转化成球形，此结构简答，便于操作，实现了球形金属粉末的高效、低耗加工。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种激光辅助磨削制备球形金属粉末的 装置，包括气氛室、收集器、工作台、磨削电机和激光头，所述激光头、所述磨削电机、所述工作台和所述收集器均设置在所述气氛室内部，所述工作台上连接有工作台驱动器；
所述磨削电机上连接有磨削刀头，所述磨削刀头设置在所述工作台的上方，所述工作台上放置有金属块；
所述收集器上靠近所述工作台的一侧设置有收集口，所述收集口的中心与所述金属块和所述磨削刀头的接触处设置在同一直线上；
所述激光头的上方连接有光纤。
优选的，所述激光头设置在所述收集器和所述工作台之间，所述激光头的光束焦点与所述磨削刀头的下沿在同一水平面上。
优选的，所述收集器内底部设置有粉末盒，所述粉末盒的上方设置有两块导向板，两块所述导向板分别倾斜固定在所述收集器的两侧内壁上。
优选的，两块所述导向板的固定端高于自由端，且两块所述导向板的自由端之间设置有缝隙。
优选的，所述磨削刀头的材质为工具钢、硬质合金、金刚石砂轮中的一种。
一种激光辅助磨削制备球形金属粉末的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将待加工金属块放置在气氛室内的工作台上；
(2)将气氛室充氩气；
(3)调整工作台，使待加工金属块与磨削刀头接触；
(4)调整激光束焦点，使之与磨削刀头的下沿在一个水平面上；
(5)设置工作台X-Y行走程序；
(6)设置激光工艺参数；
(7)加工开始：顺序开启激光、启动磨削电机、启动工作台驱动器；
(8)加工完成：顺序关闭工作台驱动器、关闭磨削电机、关闭激光；
(9)待冷却一段时间后，关闭氩气；
(10)取出收集器中的粉末盒。
优选的，所述激光的功率为100-1000W。
因此，本发明采用上述结构的一种激光辅助磨削制备球形金属粉末的装置及方法，利用低能高效的磨削加工方法将金属块体破碎成细小粉末颗粒，再用激光束将高温粉末加热熔化成液滴，使磨削形成的不规则颗粒转化成球形，此结构简答，便于操作，实现了球形金属粉末的高效、低耗加工。
下面通过附图和实施例，对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种激光辅助磨削制备球形金属粉末的装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下通过附图和实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明。
实施例
图1为本发明一种激光辅助磨削制备球形金属粉末的装置的结构示意图，如图所示，本发明提供了一种激光辅助磨削制备球形金属粉末的装置，包括气氛室1、收集器2、工作台3、磨削电机4和激光头5，激光头5的上方连接有光纤9。激光头5、磨削电机4、工作台3和收集器2均设置在气氛室1内部，工作台3上连接有工作台驱动器；磨削电机4上连接有磨削刀头6，磨削刀头6设置在工作台3的上方，工作台3上放置有金属块7；收集器2上靠近工作台3的一侧设置有收集口8，收集口8的中心与金属块7和磨削刀头6的接触处设置在同一直线上；激光头5设置在收集器2和工作台3之间，激光头5的光束焦点与磨削刀头6的下沿在同一水平面上。通过磨削刀具将金属破碎呈细小颗粒，采用激光头的激光将细小颗粒熔化呈液滴，使其收缩成 球形。采用氩气保护金属在上述磨削和激光球化过程中免受空气污染。
收集器2内底部设置有粉末盒10，粉末盒10的上方设置有两块导向板11，两块导向板11分别倾斜固定在收集器2的两侧内壁上。两块导向板11的固定端高于自由端，且两块导向板11的自由端之间设置有缝隙12，便于粉末落到粉末盒内。
磨削刀头6的材质为工具钢、硬质合金、金刚石砂轮中的一种。
一种激光辅助磨削制备球形金属粉末的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将待加工金属块放置在气氛室内的工作台上；
(2)将气氛室充氩气；
(3)调整工作台，使待加工金属块与磨削刀头接触；
(4)调整激光束焦点，使之与磨削刀头的下沿在一个水平面上；
(5)设置工作台X-Y行走程序；
(6)设置激光工艺参数，激光的功率为100-1000W；
(7)加工开始：顺序开启激光、启动磨削电机、启动工作台驱动器；
(8)加工完成：顺序关闭工作台驱动器、关闭磨削电机、关闭激光；
(9)待冷却一段时间后，关闭氩气；
(10)取出收集器中的粉末盒。
因此，本发明采用上述结构的一种激光辅助磨削制备球形金属粉末的装置及方法，利用低能高效的磨削加工方法将金属块体破碎成细小粉末颗粒，再用激光束将高温粉末加热熔化成液滴，使磨削形成的不规则颗粒转化成球形，此结构简答，便于操作，实现了球形金属粉末的高效、低耗加工。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其进行限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换， 而这些修改或者等同替换亦不能使修改后的技术方案脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种激光辅助磨削制备球形金属粉末的装置，其特征在于：
    包括气氛室、收集器、工作台、磨削电机和激光头，所述激光头、所述磨削电机、所述工作台和所述收集器均设置在所述气氛室内部，所述工作台上连接有工作台驱动器；
    所述磨削电机上连接有磨削刀头，所述磨削刀头设置在所述工作台的上方，所述工作台上放置有金属块；
    所述收集器上靠近所述工作台的一侧设置有收集口，所述收集口的中心与所述金属块和所述磨削刀头的接触处设置在同一直线上；
    所述激光头的上方连接有光纤。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种激光辅助磨削制备球形金属粉末的装置，其特征在于：所述激光头设置在所述收集器和所述工作台之间，所述激光头的光束焦点与所述磨削刀头的下沿在同一水平面上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种激光辅助磨削制备球形金属粉末的装置，其特征在于：所述收集器内底部设置有粉末盒，所述粉末盒的上方设置有两块导向板，两块所述导向板分别倾斜固定在所述收集器的两侧内壁上。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种激光辅助磨削制备球形金属粉末的装置，其特征在于：两块所述导向板的固定端高于自由端，且两块所述导向板的自由端之间设置有缝隙。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种激光辅助磨削制备球形金属粉末的装置，其特征在于：所述磨削刀头的材质为工具钢、硬质合金、金刚石砂轮中的一种。
  6. 一种激光辅助磨削制备球形金属粉末的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    (1)将待加工金属块放置在气氛室内的工作台上；
    (2)将气氛室充氩气；
    (3)调整工作台，使待加工金属块与磨削刀头接触；
    (4)调整激光束焦点，使之与磨削刀头的下沿在一个水平面上；
    (5)设置工作台X-Y行走程序；
    (6)设置激光工艺参数；
    (7)加工开始：顺序开启激光、启动磨削电机、启动工作台驱动器；
    (8)加工完成：顺序关闭工作台驱动器、关闭磨削电机、关闭激光；
    (9)待冷却一段时间后，关闭氩气；
    (10)取出收集器中的粉末盒。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种激光辅助磨削制备球形金属粉末的方法，其特征在于：所述激光的功率为100-1000W。
PCT/CN2022/116934 2022-01-21 2022-09-05 一种激光辅助磨削制备球形金属粉末的装置及方法 WO2023138064A1 (zh)

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