WO2023136714A1

WO2023136714A1 - Working member of an ice breaking machine

Info

Publication number: WO2023136714A1
Application number: PCT/KZ2022/000006
Authority: WO
Inventors: Георгий Александрович Гурьянов
Original assignee: Георгий Александрович Гурьянов; Вавилов, Андрей Владимирович; ВАСИЛЬЕВА, Ольга Юрьевна; ЛИКУНОВ, Александр Викторович; БАЙГЕРЕЕВ, Самат Ракимгалиевич
Priority date: 2022-01-14
Filing date: 2022-07-03
Publication date: 2023-07-20

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of removing ice or other snow and ice build-ups from roads and pavements, and more particularly to devices for breaking up ice or other snow and ice build-ups, and can be used in the highways and public services sector. Claimed is a working member of an ice breaking machine, comprising a horizontally arranged drive shaft, and hammers mounted along said shaft and connected thereto by rods which are flexible in the plane of rotation, wherein each rod is completely or partially V-shaped and consists of two arms connected by a common hinge, the arms are moveable relative to one another by rotation about the common hinge, a resilient element is mounted between the arms, and hammers attached to the opposite ends of the arms from the common hinge form a working pair.

Description

ICE CLEARER WORKING BODY

The invention relates to the field of clearing roads and sidewalks from ice and other snow and ice formations, namely to devices for breaking ice and other snow and ice formations, and can be used in the road and municipal industries.

Known working body for the removal of snow and ice formations from the surface of roads on the bus. St. USSR No. 1504302 E01H 5/12, publ. 08/30/1989, bul. No. 32.

Also known is the working body of the ice breaking machine according to ed. St. USSR No. 1427022, E01H 5/12, publ. 09/30/1988, bul. No. 36.

Known working bodies of the machine for chipping ice according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2265104, E01H 5/12, publ. November 27, 2005 and according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2452811, E01H 5/12, publ. 06/10/2012

Known working bodies for the destruction of ice on roads according to the Eurasian patent No. 035723, E01H 5/12, the date of publication and issue of the patent is 30.07.2020, author. St. USSR No. 1559034, E01H 5/12, publ. 04/23/1990, bul. No. 15, according to the innovative patent of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 23189, E01H 5/12, publ. No. 11, 2010, according to the innovative patent of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 27059, E01H 5/12, publ. 06/14/2013, bul. No. 6 and according to the innovative patent of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 27060, E01H 5/12, publ. 06/14/2013, bul. No. 6.

Also known working body for the destruction of ice and compacted snow ed. St. RF No. 1833447, Е01Н 5/12, publ., bul. No. 29, 1993, working body for the destruction of ice on the road surface according to ed. St. USSR No. 962422, E01H 5/12, publ. 09/30/1982, bul. No. 36 and a working body for the destruction of ice and compacted snow on road surfaces according to ed. St. USSR No. 1390291, E01H 5/12, publ. 04/23/1988, bul. No. 15.

A known device for the destruction of snow-ice formations on road surfaces according to the Eurasian patent No. 020422, Е01Н 5/12, the date of publication and issue of the patent is 11/28/2014.

Also known working body for the destruction of ice formations on roads and sidewalks according to ed. St. RF No. 2022080 E01H 5/12. Published, bull. No. 20, 1994

Common to the above technical solutions is the presence of drummers.

The disadvantages of the above technical solutions are, firstly, that when the impactor acts on the ice, one blow to a given point of the ice, that is, the force of impact on the ice, may not be enough to destroy it, for example, due to excessive, relative to the applied force, the thickness or strength of the ice, and the lack of the magnitude of the impact force to the value at which the destruction of the ice would occur can be very small, and, secondly, if the ice does not collapse after the first impact, then, due to the presence of its own elasticity, a subsequent behind the impact, the rebound of the striker in the direction opposite to the direction of the impact, under the action of the elastic forces of the ice deformed by the impact, which significantly reduces the impact time of the impactors on the ice, which determines the efficiency of its destruction as a solid brittle body, which, in turn, leads to the restoration of the shape ice, the disappearance of deformation and internal stresses and negates all the work of the impactor to destroy the ice at the point of impact. The situation could be corrected by a second, additional, blow, for example, of the same force, applied to the same point of the ice at the moment when the deformations and internal stresses that have arisen in the ice after the first blow have not yet disappeared, however, the above known technical solutions do not allow make such an additional impact. All this reduces the efficiency of ice destruction and the quality of the working body. In addition, in the considered technical solutions, an increase in the impact force and contact pressure on ice due to increasing the mass of the striker with an increase in the thickness and strength of ice can only be carried out by replacing the strikers with strikers of a larger mass, which is very laborious, time-consuming and requires sets of strikers of different masses.

Closest to the claimed invention is the working body of an ice-breaking machine, containing a horizontally located drive shaft, drummers installed along it, connected to the shaft by means of rods flexible in the plane of rotation, while equipped with elastic elements fixed on the outer side of the drummers relative to the axis of rotation, and loads fixed on the middle parts of the rods, while the center of gravity of each elastic element coincides with the axis of the elastic rods (Ed. St. USSR No. 1430445, E01H 5/12, publ. 10/15/1988, bull. No. 38).

The disadvantages of this technical solution is that if the working body cannot destroy the ice at the point of impact with one impact, for example, if the thickness or strength of the ice does not correspond to the magnitude of the applied force, and the lack of the magnitude of the impact force to a value at which the destruction of ice of such thickness or strength would occur, it can be very small, then after that there will be a subsequent rebound of the impactor in the direction opposite to the direction of impact, under the action of the elastic forces of the ice deformed by the impact, which will significantly reduce the time of interaction of the impactors with ice, the value of which for a solid brittle body is to a large extent directly determines the effectiveness of its destruction, the ice will restore its shape, and the deformations and internal stresses of the ice created by the impact will disappear, that is, the work of the striker to destroy the ice at the impact point will be useless. In order to preserve and develop the effect of the first impact of the impactor on the ice, to bring the value of the impact force to the value at which the ice collapses, it would be possible to apply a second, additional, impact to the same point of the ice until the deformations and internal stresses in the ice have not yet disappeared after the first impact, however, the well-known and closest to the claimed technical solution also does not allow for such an additional impact. This reduces the efficiency of ice destruction and the quality of the working body. In addition, for this working body, an increase in the impact force and contact pressure on the ice due to an increase in the mass of the striker with an increase in the thickness and strength of ice can only be carried out by replacing the strikers with strikers of a larger mass or by replacing the weights attached to the rods, which is very laborious and time consuming and requires sets of drummers of different weights.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the destruction of ice and the quality of cleaning roads and sidewalks from ice.

The technical result from the use of the invention consists in the manifestation of a synergistic effect, an increase in the kinetic energy of the impact on the ice, an increase in the force of impact, the elimination of the negative effect of throwing the impactor due to the presence of the ice's own elasticity, increasing the impact time of the impactors on the ice, maintaining and developing upward deformations and internal stresses of the ice at the point of impact, increasing the usefulness of each striker in breaking ice, increasing the probability of ice destruction at the point of impact, the possibility of increasing the mass of the striker while reducing labor costs and time for this operation.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the working body of the ice-breaking machine, containing a horizontally located drive shaft, drummers installed along it, connected to the shaft by means of rods flexible in the plane of rotation, each rod, in whole or in part, is V-shaped and consists of two branches connected by a common hinge, the branches can move relative to each other by turning around the common hinge, an elastic element is installed between the branches, and the drummers fixed at the ends of the branches opposite the common hinge form a working pair. In FIG. 1 shows a working body with solid V-rods; in fig. 2 - working body with solid V-shaped rods in the process of work at the moment of application by the first striker of the working pair of the first, main, blow; in fig. 3 - a working body with solid V-shaped rods at the moment of applying the second striker of the working pair of the second, additional, impact when the strikers approach; in fig. 4 - a working body with solid V-shaped rods in the process of work at the moment of applying a joint blow by the combined strikers of the working pair; in fig. 5 shows a working body with composite rods with a V-shaped part; in fig. 6 - a working body with composite rods with a V-shaped part in the process of work at the time of application by the first striker of the working pair of the first, main, blow; in fig. 7 - a working body with composite rods with a V-shaped part at the moment of applying the second striker of the working pair of the second, additional, impact when the strikers approach; in fig. 8 - a working body with composite rods with a V-shaped part in the process of work at the moment of applying a joint blow by the combined strikers of the working pair; in fig. 9 - one-piece V-shaped thrust with drummers of a working pair of various shapes in a divorced position; in fig. 10 - composite rod with a V-shaped part with impactors of a working pair of different shapes in a divorced position.

The working body for the destruction of ice on roads contains a shaft 1, to the shaft 1 with the help of rods 2 and hinges 3 and 4, strikers 5 are attached, the rods 2 are wholly or partially made V-shaped, consisting of two branches 6 and 7, connected by a common hinge 3, between which the elastic element 8 is installed, while the drummers 5, fixed on the branches 6 and 7 of the thrust 2, form a working pair.

The working body works as follows. Drive shaft 1 is driven by a drive (not shown in the diagram). Rods 2 are attached to the shaft 1 along its axis, which can rotate and bend relative to the shaft 1 in a plane perpendicular to the shaft axis, due to the hinges 3 and 4 connecting the rods and the shaft. The rods 2 can be made one-piece V-shaped and consisting only of branches 6 and 7, bearing drummers 5, which form a working pair, and connected to the shaft through a common hinge 3, or composite, for example, consisting of two parts, the first of which is connected to the shaft through a hinge 4 , and the second part is made V-shaped, consisting of branches 6 and 7, carrying drummers 5, forming a working pair, and is connected to the first part through a common hinge 3. In the direction of the shaft 1 axis, the rods 2 are rigid. To the ends of the rods 2 from the side , opposite to the common hinge 3, strikers 5 are attached, which form a working pair and can be spherical or of any other shape, and in the working pair the strikers can be of the same shape, for example, both are spherical, or of different shapes, for example, one that applies the first, main , impact, may be wedge-shaped, and the other, inflicting the second, additional, impact, may be spherical, and may also have the same or different mass, for example, it is preferable if the impactor that delivers the second, additional, impact has a mass greater than a striker who strikes the first, main, blow. The rods 2 can be attached to the shaft 1 in continuous rows or in a checkerboard pattern. Before starting work, shaft 1 with drummers 5 is placed above the ice. During operation, the working body rotates with a frequency n and moves along the solid surface of the road or sidewalk being cleared of ice. Shaft 1 with drummers 5 is brought closer to the surface being cleaned, for example, at a distance equal to half the length of the rods 2. When the shaft 1 rotates, the drummers 5 on the rods 2 are removed under the action of centrifugal forces to a maximum distance relative to the axis of rotation of the shaft. In this position, the drummers 5 of the working pair, fixed on the branches 6 and 7, are held at the required distance from each other in the circumferential direction by the elastic elements 8 located between the branches 6 and 7 of the rods 2. In the process of moving from top to bottom of the untwisted drummers 5, an impact occurs on the ice on the hard surface of the road or pavement, the first of the working pair closest to the ice in the direction rotation of the shaft, the striker 5, fixed on one of the branches, for example, 6, thrust 2. When striking the ice, the first striker stops instantly in the circumferential direction, i.e. its circumferential speed becomes equal to zero, while the second drummer 5 from the working pair, located on the second branch 7 of the thrust 2, connected by a common hinge 3 with the first branch 6, continues to move in the circumferential direction at the same speed, turning around the common hinge 3, as a result which approaches the first, stopped striker and inflicts an additional blow on him with the same or greater force as the first striker on the ice. When this elastic element 8, located between the branches 6 and 7 of the thrust 2, is compressed. Moreover, the time between the main and additional strikes is very small. This additional impact force is transferred to the ice through the first striker in contact with the ice. As a result of organizing such a joint action of the strikers of the working pair, in the form of a sequential application of the main and additional strikes with a very short time interval between them, so that at the moment of the additional strike by the second striker, the first striker is still in contact with the ice, the following effects arise. The kinetic energy of the two impactors of the working pair is summed up, turning into the work of destruction, which, accordingly, also increases, due to the summation of the forces from the main and additional impacts, the magnitude of the destructive force applied to the ice increases and the possible lack of force is compensated to the value at which the ice collapses, the rebound of the impactor in the direction opposite to the direction of impact is prevented under the action of the elastic forces of deformed ice after the first main impact, the restoration of its shape by ice and the disappearance of the deformations and internal stresses of ice created by the first main impact are prevented, the effect of the first impact of the impactor on the ice is preserved and develops, grows the magnitude of shock compression deformations and internal stresses that have arisen in the ice, a zone of increased, Compared with a single impact, stress, up to the value at which the ice is destroyed, the impact time of the strikers on the ice increases, on which the efficiency of its destruction depends, as a solid brittle body, the completeness of the implementation of the impact energy increases, the efficiency of the combined impact increases. After the application of the main and additional blows by one working pair of strikers and the destruction of ice, with further rotation of the shaft 1, each rod 2 rotates around the hinge 3, if the rod is solid, or rotates with a bend around the hinges 3 and 4, if the rod is composite, and together with the drummers 5 on branches 6 and 7 passes in the gap between the shaft 1 and the hard surface of the road or sidewalk. In this case, the elastic element 8, due to the forces of its own elasticity, expands and separates the branches 6 and 7 of the thrust 2, moving the drummers 5 fixed on these branches from each other to the initial distance. With further rotation of the shaft 1, the next working pair of drummers against the direction of rotation comes into operation, the work of which is carried out similarly to the previous one.

In addition, to increase the impact force and contact pressure on the ice by increasing the mass of the impactor, for example, with an increase in the thickness and strength of the ice, it is possible to bring the branches 6 and 7 of the rods 2 to each other, bringing the impactors 5 of the working pairs fixed to them closer to their contact with each other, while compressing the elastic elements 8, and fix them in this state by any known method. In this case, during the operation of the working body, the mass of the impactor when exposed to ice will increase and will be equal to the sum of the masses of the impactors of the working pair. This will increase the kinetic energy of the impact, i.e. the work of destruction, the breaking force applied to the ice, the magnitude of deformations and internal stresses of ice, which will contribute to the destruction of ice with increased thickness or strength. At the same time, in order to increase the mass of strikers, it will not be necessary to replace the strikers with strikers of a larger mass, i.e. dismantling and assembly operations, which reduces the complexity of adjustment work, the time spent on them and does not require sets of drummers of different weights. The proposed working body due to the use of V-shaped rods, on each branch of which the strikers are fixed, forming working pairs, will increase the kinetic energy and impact force on the ice to a value sufficient to break the ice, eliminate the effect of the impactor's rejection and increase the time of impact of the impactors on the ice, maintain and increase the deformations and internal stresses of the ice at the point of impact, increase the usefulness of each impactor, increase the probability of ice destruction, and, if necessary, increase the mass of the impactor while reducing labor intensity and time spent on this work. The working body with a high probability will be able to break the ice at the point of impact by the synergistic effect of the working pair of strikers, and will also be able to break ice of considerable thickness or strength. Thus, the use of the proposed working body will improve and facilitate the process and increase the efficiency of ice destruction and the quality of road and sidewalk deicing.

Claims

FORMULA

The working body of the ice breaking machine, containing a horizontally located drive shaft, drummers installed along it, connected to the shaft by means of rods flexible in the plane of rotation, characterized in that each rod in whole or in part is made V-shaped and consists of two branches connected by a common hinge , the branches can move relative to each other by turning around a common hinge, an elastic element is installed between the branches, and the drummers fixed at the ends of the branches opposite the common hinge form a working pair.