WO2023132137A1 - 撮像素子および電子機器 - Google Patents

撮像素子および電子機器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023132137A1
WO2023132137A1 PCT/JP2022/042704 JP2022042704W WO2023132137A1 WO 2023132137 A1 WO2023132137 A1 WO 2023132137A1 JP 2022042704 W JP2022042704 W JP 2022042704W WO 2023132137 A1 WO2023132137 A1 WO 2023132137A1
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Prior art keywords
pixels
light
pixel
filter
wavelength
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Ceased
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PCT/JP2022/042704
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
隆行 小笠原
美智子 坂本
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Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corp
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Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corp
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Priority to US18/722,192 priority Critical patent/US20250160016A1/en
Priority to JP2023572367A priority patent/JPWO2023132137A1/ja
Publication of WO2023132137A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023132137A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
    • H10F39/10—Integrated devices
    • H10F39/12—Image sensors
    • H10F39/18—Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor [CMOS] image sensors; Photodiode array image sensors
    • H10F39/182—Colour image sensors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
    • H04N25/10—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof for transforming different wavelengths into image signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
    • H10F39/10—Integrated devices
    • H10F39/12—Image sensors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
    • H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
    • H10F39/805—Coatings
    • H10F39/8053—Colour filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
    • H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
    • H10F39/806—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the image sensors
    • H10F39/8063—Microlenses

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to imaging devices and electronic devices.
  • An imaging device has been proposed in which a plurality of pixel groups consisting of four pixels arranged in a 2 ⁇ 2 matrix are arranged (Patent Document 1).
  • Imaging devices are required to improve their performance.
  • An imaging device includes a first pixel having a first filter that transmits light of a first wavelength and a first photoelectric conversion unit; a second filter that transmits light of a second wavelength; a second pixel having a photoelectric conversion unit; a third pixel having a third filter that transmits light of a third wavelength and a third photoelectric conversion unit; and light of the second wavelength and light of the third wavelength.
  • An electronic device includes a first pixel having a first filter that transmits light of a first wavelength and a first photoelectric conversion unit, a second filter that transmits light of a second wavelength, and a second photoelectric converter.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of an imaging element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an arrangement example of pixels of an imaging device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a circuit configuration of a pixel of an imaging device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a circuit configuration of a pixel of an imaging device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. It is a figure showing an example of section composition of an image sensor concerning an embodiment of this indication.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an example of zoom processing by an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an example of zoom processing by an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an example of zoom processing by an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an arrangement example of pixels of an imaging device according to Modification 1 of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement example of pixels of an imaging device according to Modification 2 of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a cross-sectional configuration of an imaging device according to Modification 3 of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating another example of a cross-sectional configuration of an imaging device according to Modification 3 of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a cross-sectional configuration of an imaging device according to Modification 4 of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating another example of a cross-sectional configuration of an imaging device according to Modification 4 of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a cross-sectional configuration of an imaging device according to Modification 5 of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a cross-sectional configuration of an imaging device according to Modification 6 of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating another example of a cross-sectional configuration of an imaging element according to Modification 6 of the present disclosure
  • 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a vehicle control system
  • FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of installation positions of an outside information detection unit and an imaging unit
  • 1 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an endoscopic surgery system
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of functional configurations of a camera head and a CCU;
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the electronic device 100 includes an imaging device 1 , an optical lens 101 , a driving section 102 and a signal processing section 103 .
  • the electronic device 100 can be applied to various electronic devices having imaging functions, such as digital still cameras, video cameras, and mobile phones.
  • the optical lens 101 takes in incident light (image light) from a subject and forms an image of the subject on the imaging surface of the image sensor 1 .
  • the imaging device 1 pixels having photoelectric conversion units are arranged in a matrix.
  • the imaging device 1 captures an image of a subject formed by the optical lens 101 .
  • the imaging device 1 is, for example, a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) image sensor, and photoelectrically converts received light to generate pixel signals.
  • the imaging element 1 converts the amount of incident light formed on an imaging surface into an electric signal on a pixel-by-pixel basis, and outputs the electric signal as a pixel signal.
  • CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
  • the drive unit 102 includes a drive circuit and controls each unit of the electronic device 100 .
  • the drive unit 102 is a control unit, and controls the operations of the image sensor 1, the optical lens 101, and the like.
  • the signal processing unit 103 has a processor and memory (ROM, RAM, etc.) and performs various kinds of signal processing.
  • the signal processing unit 103 is a signal processing circuit that processes signals, such as a DSP (Digital Signal Processor).
  • the signal processing unit 103 has an image processing unit 104 and a phase difference detection unit 105 .
  • the image processing unit 104 performs signal processing on pixel signals output from each pixel of the image sensor 1 to generate image data.
  • the image processing unit 104 is an image data generation unit that generates image data.
  • the phase difference detection unit 105 detects phase difference data (phase difference information) using pixel signals output from the phase difference pixels of the image sensor 1 .
  • the phase difference detection unit 105 is a phase difference data generation unit that generates phase difference data.
  • the phase difference detection unit 105 (or the drive unit 102) calculates the defocus amount using the phase difference data.
  • a driving unit 102 drives the optical lens 101 according to the calculated defocus amount. In this way, in the imaging device 1, the position of the optical lens 101 is adjusted, and AF (Auto Focus) is realized.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of an imaging device according to the embodiment;
  • the imaging device 1 has a region (pixel section 110) in which a plurality of pixels P are two-dimensionally arranged in a matrix as an imaging area.
  • the imaging device 1 has, for example, a vertical driving circuit 111, a column signal processing circuit 112, a horizontal driving circuit 113, an output circuit 114, a control circuit 115, an input/output terminal 116, etc. in a peripheral region of the pixel portion 110. .
  • a plurality of pixel drive lines Lread are wired and a plurality of vertical signal lines Lsig are wired.
  • the pixel drive line Lread transmits drive signals for reading signals from the pixels P (signal TRG, signal SEL, signal RST, etc., which will be described later).
  • the vertical drive circuit 111 is composed of a shift register, an address decoder, and the like.
  • the vertical drive circuit 111 is a pixel drive section that drives each pixel P of the pixel section 110 .
  • the column signal processing circuit 112 includes, for example, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) provided for each vertical signal line Lsig, a horizontal selection switch, and the like.
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • a signal output from each pixel P selectively scanned by the vertical driving circuit 111 is supplied to the column signal processing circuit 112 through the vertical signal line Lsig.
  • the column signal processing circuit 112 performs signal processing such as CDS (Correlated Double Sampling) and AD (Analog Digital) conversion.
  • the horizontal driving circuit 113 is composed of a shift register, an address decoder, etc., and sequentially drives each horizontal selection switch of the column signal processing circuit 112 while scanning. By selective scanning by the horizontal drive circuit 113 , signals of respective pixels transmitted through each of the vertical signal lines Lsig are sequentially output to the horizontal signal line 121 .
  • the output circuit 114 performs signal processing on signals sequentially supplied from each of the column signal processing circuits 112 via the horizontal signal line 121 and outputs the processed signals.
  • the output circuit 114 may perform only buffering, or may perform black level adjustment, column variation correction, various digital signal processing, and the like.
  • a circuit portion consisting of the vertical driving circuit 111, the column signal processing circuit 112, the horizontal driving circuit 113, the horizontal signal line 121 and the output circuit 114 may be formed on the semiconductor substrate 11, or may be arranged on the external control IC. It can be anything. Moreover, those circuit portions may be formed on another substrate connected by a cable or the like.
  • the control circuit 115 receives a clock given from the outside of the semiconductor substrate 11, data instructing an operation mode, etc., and outputs data such as internal information of the imaging device 1.
  • the control circuit 115 has a timing generator that generates various timing signals, and controls peripheral circuits such as the vertical driving circuit 111, the column signal processing circuit 112, and the horizontal driving circuit 113 based on the various timing signals generated by the timing generator. drive control.
  • the input/output terminal 116 exchanges signals with the outside.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an arrangement example of pixels of an imaging device according to the embodiment.
  • the pixel P of the imaging device 1 has a lens portion 21 that collects light and color filters 30 (color filters 30r, 30g, 30b, 30c, 30m, and 30y in FIG. 3).
  • the lens unit 21 is an optical member also called an on-chip lens, and is provided above the color filter 30 for each pixel P or for each plurality of pixels P.
  • Light from a subject enters the lens unit 21 via the above-described optical lens 101 (see FIG. 1).
  • FIG. 1 As shown in FIG.
  • the incident direction of light from the subject is the Z-axis direction
  • the horizontal direction perpendicular to the Z-axis direction is the X-axis direction
  • the vertical direction perpendicular to the Z-axis and the X-axis is the Y-axis direction.
  • the color filter 30 selectively transmits light in a specific wavelength range among incident light.
  • the plurality of pixels P provided in the pixel unit 110 of the image sensor 1 includes a plurality of pixels Pr, pixels Pg, pixels Pb, pixels Pc, pixels Pm, and pixels Py, as shown in FIG.
  • the pixel unit 110 includes a plurality of pixels Pr, a plurality of pixels Pg, a plurality of pixels Pb, a plurality of pixels Pc, a plurality of pixels Pm, and a plurality of pixels Py, as shown in an example indicated by a dashed line A in FIG. 6 ⁇ 6 pixels are repeatedly arranged.
  • Each pixel has, for example, a photodiode PD as a photoelectric conversion unit.
  • a pixel Pr is a pixel provided with a color filter 30r that transmits red (R) light.
  • the color filter 30r transmits light in the red wavelength band.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit of the pixel Pr receives red wavelength light and performs photoelectric conversion.
  • the pixel Pg is a pixel provided with a color filter 30g that transmits green (G) light.
  • the color filter 30g transmits light in the green wavelength band.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit of the pixel Pg receives green wavelength light and performs photoelectric conversion.
  • the pixel Pb is a pixel provided with a color filter 30b that transmits blue (B) light.
  • the color filter 30b transmits light in the blue wavelength range.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit of the pixel Pb receives blue wavelength light and performs photoelectric conversion.
  • the pixel Pc is a pixel provided with a color filter 30c that transmits cyan (Cy) light.
  • the color filter 30c transmits light in the wavelength range of cyan, which is complementary to red.
  • the color filter 30c can transmit light in the green wavelength range and light in the blue wavelength range.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit of the pixel Pc receives cyan wavelength light and performs photoelectric conversion.
  • a pixel Pm is a pixel provided with a color filter 30m that transmits magenta (Mg) light.
  • the color filter 30m transmits light in the wavelength range of magenta, which is complementary to green.
  • the color filter 30m can transmit light in the red wavelength range and light in the blue wavelength range.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit of the pixel Pm receives magenta wavelength light and performs photoelectric conversion.
  • the pixel Py is a pixel provided with a color filter 30y that transmits yellow (Ye) light.
  • the color filter 30y transmits light in the wavelength range of yellow, which is complementary to blue.
  • the color filter 30y can transmit light in the red wavelength range and light in the green wavelength range.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit of the pixel Py receives yellow wavelength light and performs photoelectric conversion.
  • the pixel Pr, pixel Pg, and pixel Pb generate an R component pixel signal, a G component pixel signal, and a B component pixel signal, respectively. Therefore, the image sensor 1 can obtain RGB pixel signals.
  • Pixel Pc, pixel Pm, and pixel Py generate a Cy component pixel signal, an Mg component pixel signal, and a Ye component pixel signal, respectively. Therefore, the image sensor 1 can obtain CMY pixel signals.
  • the pixels Pr, Pg, and Pb, which are pixels of the primary color system, and the pixels Pc, Pm, and Py, which are pixels of the complementary color system, are arranged. there is Therefore, it is possible to obtain both an RGB image and a CMY image by one-time imaging, and it is possible to realize high color reproducibility.
  • pixels Pr, pixels Pg, and pixels Pb are each arranged in units of 2 ⁇ 2 pixels. It can also be said that the pixels Pr, the pixels Pg, and the pixels Pb are periodically arranged in 2 rows ⁇ 2 columns. In the pixel section 110, four adjacent pixels Pr, four adjacent pixels Pg, and four adjacent pixels Pb are repeatedly arranged. It can also be said that the four pixels Pr, the four pixels Pg, and the four pixels Pb are arranged according to the Bayer array.
  • a lens unit 21 is provided for every four pixels.
  • one lens unit 21 is arranged for 2 ⁇ 2 pixels configured by four adjacent pixels Pr.
  • Light that has passed through different regions of the optical lens 101 is received by the photoelectric conversion unit of each of the four pixels Pr, and pupil division is performed. Therefore, by using the pixel signal output from each pixel Pr, phase difference information can be obtained, and phase difference AF (Auto Focus) can be performed.
  • phase difference AF Auto Focus
  • one lens unit 21 is arranged for four pixels Pg. Therefore, by using the pixel signal output from each pixel Pg, phase difference data (phase difference information) can be obtained, and phase difference AF can be performed. Furthermore, one lens unit 21 is arranged for four pixels Pb. Therefore, phase difference data can be obtained by using the pixel signal output from each pixel Pb, and phase difference AF can be performed.
  • Pixel Pr, pixel Pg, and pixel Pb are also phase difference pixels capable of outputting signals used for phase difference detection.
  • the phase difference pixels arranged in units of 2 ⁇ 2 pixels are provided repeatedly over the entire imaging surface of the imaging element 1 , that is, the entire pixel section 110 .
  • phase difference data can be obtained over the entire imaging surface of the imaging element 1, and high-precision autofocusing can be performed. Therefore, it is possible to improve the image quality of the image.
  • a lens unit 21 is provided for each pixel Pc, Pm, and Py, which are pixels having complementary color system (CMY) color filters 30 .
  • One lens unit 21 is arranged for one pixel Pc.
  • One lens unit 21 is arranged for one pixel Pm, and one lens unit 21 is arranged for one pixel Py.
  • the complementary color pixels Pc, Pm, and Py are arranged between adjacent primary color pixels. As shown in FIG. 3, five pixels Pc are arranged in a cross shape. Five pixels Pm are arranged in a cross shape, and five pixels Py are also arranged in a cross shape.
  • a readout circuit (see FIG. 4), which will be described later, is provided for each pixel of the same color arranged in units of 2 ⁇ 2 pixels.
  • the readout circuit includes an amplification transistor, a reset transistor, and the like, and outputs a pixel signal based on charges photoelectrically converted by the photoelectric conversion unit.
  • 2 ⁇ 2 pixels composed of four adjacent pixels Pr share one readout circuit.
  • 2 ⁇ 2 pixels composed of four adjacent pixels Pg share one readout circuit
  • 2 ⁇ 2 pixels composed of four adjacent pixels Pb share one readout circuit.
  • one readout circuit is provided for every 2 ⁇ 2 pixels of the same color.
  • a readout circuit (see FIG. 5), which will be described later, is provided for each pixel of the same color arranged in a cross shape.
  • Five pixels Pc arranged in a cross share one readout circuit.
  • Five pixels Pm arranged in a cross shape share one readout circuit, and five pixels Py arranged in a cross shape share one readout circuit.
  • one readout circuit is provided for each pixel of the same color arranged in a cross shape.
  • Pixel signals of each of the five pixels are read out by operating the readout circuit in a time-sharing manner. It is also possible to read out a pixel signal obtained by adding the signals of each of the five pixels.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the circuit configuration of 2 ⁇ 2 pixels of the imaging device according to the embodiment.
  • Each of the above-described 2 ⁇ 2 pixels (four pixels Pr, four pixels Pg, or four pixels Pb in FIG. 3) has the circuit configuration shown in FIG.
  • each of the four pixels P has a photoelectric conversion unit 12 and a transfer transistor Tr1.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit 12 is a photodiode (PD) and converts incident light into charges.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit 12 performs photoelectric conversion to generate charges according to the amount of received light.
  • the transfer transistor Tr ⁇ b>1 is electrically connected to the photoelectric conversion unit 12 .
  • the transfer transistor Tr1 is controlled by a signal TRG, and transfers the charges photoelectrically converted and accumulated in the photoelectric conversion unit 12 to the floating diffusion (FD).
  • FD is a charge holding unit that holds transferred charges.
  • the FD can also be said to be a charge storage section that stores charges transferred from the photodiode PD.
  • the FD accumulates the transferred charge and converts it into a voltage according to the capacity of the FD.
  • the transfer transistor Tr1 of each of the four pixels P is on/off controlled by different signals (signals TRG1 to TRG4 in FIG. 4).
  • the readout circuit 15 has, for example, an amplification transistor Tr2, a selection transistor Tr3, and a reset transistor Tr4.
  • the gate of the amplification transistor Tr2 is connected to the FD and receives the voltage converted by the FD.
  • the amplification transistor Tr2 generates a signal based on the charges accumulated in the FD, that is, a pixel signal based on the voltage of the FD.
  • a pixel signal is an analog signal based on photoelectrically converted charges.
  • the selection transistor Tr3 is controlled by the signal SEL and outputs the pixel signal from the amplification transistor Tr2 to the vertical signal line Lsig.
  • the selection transistor Tr3 can control the output timing of the pixel signal.
  • a reset transistor Tr4 can be controlled by a signal RST to reset the charge accumulated in the FD and reset the voltage of the FD.
  • the above five pixels arranged in a cross shape share one readout circuit 15 as in the example shown in FIG.
  • Five pixels Pc, five pixels Pm, or five pixels Py arranged in a cross shape each have a circuit configuration shown in FIG.
  • the transfer transistors Tr1 of each of the five pixels P are on/off controlled by different signals (signals TRG1 to TRG5 in FIG. 5).
  • a pixel signal output from the readout circuit 15 is input to the above-described column signal processing circuit 112 (see FIG. 2) via the vertical signal line Lsig.
  • the selection transistor Tr3 may be provided between the power supply line to which the power supply voltage VDD is applied and the amplification transistor Tr2. Moreover, the selection transistor Tr3 may be omitted as necessary.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a cross-sectional configuration of an imaging element according to the embodiment;
  • the imaging device 1 has a configuration in which a light receiving section 10, a light guide section 20, and a multilayer wiring layer 90 are laminated in the Z-axis direction.
  • the light receiving section 10 has a semiconductor substrate 11 having a first surface 11S1 and a second surface 11S2 facing each other.
  • a light guide portion 20 is provided on the first surface 11S1 side of the semiconductor substrate 11, and a multilayer wiring layer 90 is provided on the second surface 11S2 side of the semiconductor substrate 11.
  • the light guide section 20 is provided on the side on which the light from the optical lens 101 (see FIG. 1) is incident, and the multilayer wiring layer 90 is provided on the side opposite to the side on which the light is incident.
  • the imaging device 1 is a so-called back-illuminated imaging device.
  • the semiconductor substrate 11 is composed of, for example, a silicon substrate.
  • the photoelectric conversion section 12 is a photodiode (PD) and has a pn junction in a predetermined region of the semiconductor substrate 11 .
  • a plurality of photoelectric conversion units 12 are embedded in the semiconductor substrate 11 .
  • a plurality of photoelectric conversion sections 12 are provided along the first surface 11S1 and the second surface 11S2 of the semiconductor substrate 11. As shown in FIG.
  • the multilayer wiring layer 90 has, for example, a structure in which a plurality of wiring layers are stacked with interlayer insulating layers interposed therebetween.
  • the wiring layers of the multilayer wiring layer 90 are formed using, for example, aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), tungsten (W), or the like.
  • the wiring layer may be formed using polysilicon (Poly-Si).
  • the interlayer insulating layer is, for example, a single layer film made of one of silicon oxide (SiOx), silicon nitride (SiNx), silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy), etc., or a laminated film made of two or more of these. formed by
  • the transfer transistor Tr1 and the readout circuit 15 described above are formed in the semiconductor substrate 11 and the multilayer wiring layer 90 .
  • the semiconductor substrate 11 and the multilayer wiring layer 90 are formed with, for example, the above-described vertical driving circuit 111, column signal processing circuit 112, horizontal driving circuit 113, output circuit 114, control circuit 115, input/output terminals 116, and the like.
  • the light guide section 20 has the lens section 21 and the color filter 30 described above, and guides the light incident from above to the light receiving section 10 side in FIG.
  • FIG. 6 shows a pixel Pm having an Mg (magenta) color filter 30m, a pixel Pr having an R (red) color filter 30r, and a pixel Py having a Y (yellow) color filter 30y.
  • the light guide section 20 is stacked on the light receiving section 10 in the thickness direction orthogonal to the first surface 11S1 of the semiconductor substrate 11 .
  • the separation unit 40 is provided between the adjacent photoelectric conversion units 12 and separates the photoelectric conversion units 12 from each other.
  • the isolation section 40 has a trench structure provided at the boundary between adjacent pixels P, and can be called an inter-pixel isolation section or an inter-pixel isolation wall.
  • the separating portion 40 may be formed to reach the second surface 11S2 of the semiconductor substrate 11, as shown in FIG.
  • the imaging device 1 may have an antireflection film and a fixed charge film between the color filter 30 and the photoelectric conversion section 12 .
  • the fixed charge film is a film having fixed charges and suppresses generation of dark current at the interface of the semiconductor substrate 11 .
  • the light guide section 20 described above may be configured including an antireflection film and a fixed charge film.
  • FIG. 7A shows a case where the enlargement ratio (magnification) of digital zoom (electronic zoom) is "small”.
  • FIG. 7B shows a case where the magnification of digital zoom is "medium”, and
  • FIG. 7C shows a case where the magnification of digital zoom is "large”.
  • the image processing unit 104 of the signal processing unit 103 performs white balance adjustment on the RAW image data 81 including the pixel signal of each pixel output from the image sensor 1, Perform binning processing.
  • the image processing unit 104 performs binning processing on pixel signals of four pixels of the same color, which are 2 ⁇ 2 pixels, in the RAW image data 81. .
  • the image processing unit 104 adds pixel signals of four pixels Pr, which are 2 ⁇ 2 pixels.
  • the image processing unit 104 adds the pixel signals of the four pixels Pg, which are 2 ⁇ 2 pixels. Further, the image processing unit 104 adds pixel signals of four pixels Pb, which are 2 ⁇ 2 pixels. In this manner, the image processing unit 104 performs binning processing on the RAW image data 81 to generate image data 82a as shown in FIG. 7A.
  • the image processing unit 104 performs signal processing using the image data 82a to generate RGB image data 83a as shown in FIG. 7A.
  • the image processing unit 104 generates RGB image data 83a having pixel signals of three color components of RGB for each pixel by performing interpolation processing on the image data 82a.
  • the binning process is performed on the pixel signals of the RGB pixels in the RAW image data 81, and the RGB pixel signals after the binning process are used to generate the RGB image data 83a. Generate. By performing the binning process, RGB image data 83a with little noise can be generated, and an image with a "small” magnification can be displayed using the RGB image data 83a.
  • the image processing unit 104 When the enlargement ratio is "medium", the image processing unit 104 performs white balance adjustment on the RAW image data 81, and then performs binning processing. In this case, as indicated by the thick line in the RAW image data 81 in FIG. 7B, the image processing unit 104 performs binning processing on pixel signals of four pixels of the same color, which are 2 ⁇ 2 pixels, in the RAW image data 81. . In addition, the image processing unit 104 performs binning processing on pixel signals of five same-color pixels arranged in a cross shape in the RAW image data 81 .
  • the image processing unit 104 adds pixel signals of four pixels Pr, which are 2 ⁇ 2 pixels.
  • the image processing unit 104 adds the pixel signals of the four pixels Pg, which are 2 ⁇ 2 pixels. Further, the image processing unit 104 adds pixel signals of four pixels Pb, which are 2 ⁇ 2 pixels.
  • the image processing unit 104 further adds the pixel signals of the five pixels Pc arranged in a cross.
  • the image processing unit 104 adds pixel signals of five pixels Pm arranged in a cross shape.
  • the image processing unit 104 also adds pixel signals of five pixels Py arranged in a cross shape. In this manner, the image processing unit 104 generates image data 82b as shown in FIG. 7B by performing the binning process on the RAW image data 81.
  • FIG. 7B by performing the binning process on the RAW image data 81.
  • the image processing unit 104 performs signal processing using the image data 82b to generate RGB image data 83b as shown in FIG. 7B.
  • the image processing unit 104 calculates pixel signals of six color components of RGB and CMY for each pixel by performing interpolation processing on the image data 82b.
  • the image processing unit 104 performs a matrix operation on the pixel signals of six color components of RGB and CMY, and as shown in FIG. 7B, an RGB image having pixel signals of three color components of RGB for each pixel Generate data 83b.
  • the binning process is performed on both the pixel signals of the RGB pixels and the pixel signals of the CMY pixels in the RAW image data 81, and the RGB pixel signals after the binning process are processed. and CMY pixel signals to generate RGB image data 83b. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7B, it is possible to obtain RGB image data 83b having a resolution higher than that of the RGB image data 83a when the magnification is "small". By using the RGB image data 83b, it is possible to display an image with a higher resolution than an image with a "small” magnification as an image with a "medium” magnification.
  • the image processing unit 104 uses the RAW image data 81 to perform white balance adjustment, and then generates RGB image data 83c.
  • the image processing unit 104 calculates pixel signals of six color components of RGB and CMY for each pixel by performing interpolation processing on the RAW image data 81 after white balance adjustment. Further, the image processing unit 104 performs a matrix operation on the pixel signals of six color components of RGB and CMY, and as shown in FIG. 7C, an RGB image having pixel signals of three color components of RGB for each pixel. Generate data 83c. By performing interpolation processing and matrix calculation processing, it is possible to obtain highly sensitive RGB image data 83c.
  • the pixel signals of RGB pixels and the pixel signals of CMY pixels included in the RAW image data 81 are used to generate the RGB image data 83c without performing the binning process. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7C, it is possible to generate RGB image data 83c having a resolution higher than that of the RGB image data 83b when the magnification is "medium”.
  • the RGB image data 83c it is possible to display a full-resolution image. In this way, electronic device 100 according to the present embodiment can gradually change the resolution of an image according to the enlargement ratio, and can realize seamless digital zoom.
  • the imaging device 1 includes a first pixel (for example, pixel Pr) having a first filter and a first photoelectric conversion unit that transmit light of a first wavelength, and a first pixel (for example, pixel Pr) that transmits light of a second wavelength.
  • a first pixel for example, pixel Pr
  • a first pixel for example, pixel Pr
  • a second pixel (pixel Pg) having two filters and a second photoelectric conversion unit; a third pixel (pixel Pb) having a third filter and a third photoelectric conversion unit that transmit light of the third wavelength; a fourth pixel (pixel Pc) having a fourth photoelectric conversion unit and a fourth filter that transmits light of the second and third wavelengths; a fifth filter that transmits light of the first and third wavelengths; a fifth pixel (pixel Pm) having a photoelectric conversion unit; and a sixth pixel (pixel Py) having a sixth filter and a sixth photoelectric conversion unit that transmit light of the first wavelength and the second wavelength.
  • the image sensor 1 is provided with a pixel Pr, a pixel Pg, a pixel Pb, a pixel Pc, a pixel Pm, and a pixel Py. Therefore, RGB pixel signals and CMY pixel signals can be obtained. Both an RGB image and a CMY image can be obtained by one imaging, and high color reproducibility can be achieved.
  • Complementary color pixels may be arranged in units of 2 ⁇ 2 pixels.
  • pixels Pc, pixels Pm, and pixels Py may be arranged in units of 2 ⁇ 2 pixels, respectively, and pixels Pr, pixels Pg, and pixels Pb may be arranged in a cross shape.
  • the lens unit 21 is provided for every four pixels Pc, Pm, and Py, which are pixels having complementary color filters 30 . Therefore, phase difference information can be obtained by using pixel signals output from four pixels Pc, four pixels Pm, or four pixels Py, and phase difference AF can be performed.
  • the pixel Pc, pixel Pm, and pixel Py are also phase difference pixels.
  • the phase difference pixels are repeatedly provided over the entire imaging surface of the imaging device 1 , that is, the entire pixel section 110 .
  • phase difference data can be obtained over the entire imaging surface of the imaging element 1, and high-precision autofocusing can be performed. Therefore, it is possible to improve the image quality of the image.
  • the filters provided in the pixels P are not limited to the examples described above.
  • a color filter corresponding to W (white) that is, a filter that transmits light in the entire wavelength range of incident light may be arranged.
  • RGB pixels may be repeatedly arranged in units of 2 ⁇ 2 pixels, and pixels Pw having W (white) color filters 30w may be arranged in a cross shape.
  • color filters such as orange and wide green may be arranged.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a cross-sectional configuration of an imaging device according to Modification 3.
  • the imaging device 1 has a first light guide member 45 provided between adjacent color filters 30 .
  • the first light guide member 45 has a refractive index lower than that of the surrounding medium.
  • the first light guide member 45 is composed of, for example, an oxide film, a cavity (void), or the like.
  • the first light guide member 45 changes the traveling direction of incident light according to the refractive index difference between the first light guide member 45 and its surrounding medium. It can be said that the imaging device 1 has a waveguide structure in which light is guided by the first light guide member 45 .
  • the imaging device 1 by providing the first light guide member 45, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of color mixture due to leakage of light to surrounding pixels.
  • the first light guide member 45 can propagate incident light to the photoelectric conversion section 12 side, and can improve sensitivity to incident light.
  • the shape of the first light guide member 45 is not particularly limited, and may have a T-shape as shown in FIG. 11, for example.
  • the separator 40 may not be provided between pixels of the same color (between adjacent pixels Pr in FIG. 12).
  • a relatively thick separating portion 40b may be arranged between pixels of different colors to reduce color mixing, and a comparatively thin separating portion 40a may be arranged between pixels of the same color.
  • the width of the isolation portion 40b is larger than the width of the isolation portion 40a.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a cross-sectional configuration of an imaging device according to Modification 5.
  • the imaging device 1 has a second light guide member 46 provided between pixels of different colors.
  • the second light guide member 46 has a refractive index lower than that of the surrounding medium.
  • the second light guide member 46 is composed of, for example, an oxide film, a cavity (void), or the like.
  • the second light guide member 46 is provided between the adjacent photoelectric conversion units 12 and has a trench structure provided at the boundary between the adjacent pixels P.
  • the second light guide member 46 may be formed to reach the second surface 11S2 of the semiconductor substrate 11, as shown in FIG. In this modified example, provision of the second light guide member 46 makes it possible to suppress the occurrence of color mixture due to leakage of light to surrounding pixels.
  • FIG. 15A shows an example of the cross-sectional configuration of the imaging device at the first distance position from the center of the pixel unit 110, that is, at the first image height region.
  • FIG. 15B shows an example of the cross-sectional configuration of the imaging element at the second distance from the center of the pixel section 110, that is, in the second image height region.
  • the second distance, ie the second image height is greater than the first distance, ie the first image height.
  • the positions of the lens portion 21 and the color filter 30 in each pixel P are configured to differ according to the distance from the center of the pixel portion 110 (light receiving portion 10), that is, the image height.
  • the lens section 21 and the color filter 30 of the pixel P are arranged with the photoelectric conversion section 12 of the pixel P shifted toward the center of the pixel section 110 (light receiving section 10).
  • the lens portion 21 and the color filter 30 of the pixel P are shifted toward the center of the pixel portion 110 with respect to the photoelectric conversion portion 12 of the pixel P by a larger shift amount than in the case of FIG. 15A. placed.
  • the pixels P are configured as shown in FIG. 6, for example.
  • the positions of the lens unit 21 and the color filter 30 are adjusted according to the image height, and pupil correction can be performed appropriately. Therefore, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the amount of light incident on the photoelectric conversion unit 12 and prevent a decrease in sensitivity to incident light.
  • the technology (the present technology) according to the present disclosure can be applied to various products.
  • the technology according to the present disclosure can be realized as a device mounted on any type of moving body such as automobiles, electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, motorcycles, bicycles, personal mobility, airplanes, drones, ships, and robots. may
  • FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration example of a vehicle control system, which is an example of a mobile control system to which the technology according to the present disclosure can be applied.
  • a vehicle control system 12000 includes a plurality of electronic control units connected via a communication network 12001.
  • the vehicle control system 12000 includes a drive train control unit 12010, a body system control unit 12020, an outside information detection unit 12030, an inside information detection unit 12040, and an integrated control unit 12050.
  • a microcomputer 12051, an audio/image output unit 12052, and an in-vehicle network I/F (interface) 12053 are illustrated.
  • the drive system control unit 12010 controls the operation of devices related to the drive system of the vehicle according to various programs.
  • the driving system control unit 12010 includes a driving force generator for generating driving force of the vehicle such as an internal combustion engine or a driving motor, a driving force transmission mechanism for transmitting the driving force to the wheels, and a steering angle of the vehicle. It functions as a control device such as a steering mechanism to adjust and a brake device to generate braking force of the vehicle.
  • the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 detects information outside the vehicle in which the vehicle control system 12000 is installed.
  • the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 is connected with an imaging section 12031 .
  • the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 causes the imaging unit 12031 to capture an image of the exterior of the vehicle, and receives the captured image.
  • the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 may perform object detection processing or distance detection processing such as people, vehicles, obstacles, signs, or characters on the road surface based on the received image.
  • the imaging unit 12031 is an optical sensor that receives light and outputs an electrical signal according to the amount of received light.
  • the imaging unit 12031 can output the electric signal as an image, and can also output it as distance measurement information.
  • the light received by the imaging unit 12031 may be visible light or non-visible light such as infrared rays.
  • the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040 detects in-vehicle information.
  • the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040 is connected to, for example, a driver state detection section 12041 that detects the state of the driver.
  • the driver state detection unit 12041 includes, for example, a camera that captures an image of the driver, and the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040 detects the degree of fatigue or concentration of the driver based on the detection information input from the driver state detection unit 12041. It may be calculated, or it may be determined whether the driver is dozing off.
  • the microcomputer 12051 calculates control target values for the driving force generator, the steering mechanism, or the braking device based on the information inside and outside the vehicle acquired by the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 or the vehicle interior information detection unit 12040, and controls the drive system control unit.
  • a control command can be output to 12010 .
  • the microcomputer 12051 realizes the functions of ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) including collision avoidance or shock mitigation, follow-up driving based on inter-vehicle distance, vehicle speed maintenance driving, vehicle collision warning, or vehicle lane deviation warning. Cooperative control can be performed for the purpose of ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) including collision avoidance or shock mitigation, follow-up driving based on inter-vehicle distance, vehicle speed maintenance driving, vehicle collision warning, or vehicle lane deviation warning. Cooperative control can be performed for the purpose of ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) including collision avoidance or shock mitigation, follow-up driving based on inter-vehicle distance, vehicle speed maintenance driving, vehicle collision warning, or vehicle
  • the microcomputer 12051 controls the driving force generator, the steering mechanism, the braking device, etc. based on the information about the vehicle surroundings acquired by the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 or the vehicle interior information detection unit 12040, so that the driver's Cooperative control can be performed for the purpose of autonomous driving, etc., in which vehicles autonomously travel without depending on operation.
  • the microcomputer 12051 can output a control command to the body system control unit 12020 based on the information outside the vehicle acquired by the information detection unit 12030 outside the vehicle.
  • the microcomputer 12051 controls the headlamps according to the position of the preceding vehicle or the oncoming vehicle detected by the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030, and performs cooperative control aimed at anti-glare such as switching from high beam to low beam. It can be carried out.
  • the audio/image output unit 12052 transmits at least one of audio and/or image output signals to an output device capable of visually or audibly notifying the passengers of the vehicle or the outside of the vehicle.
  • an audio speaker 12061, a display unit 12062, and an instrument panel 12063 are illustrated as output devices.
  • the display unit 12062 may include at least one of an on-board display and a head-up display, for example.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of the installation position of the imaging unit 12031.
  • the vehicle 12100 has imaging units 12101, 12102, 12103, 12104, and 12105 as the imaging unit 12031.
  • the imaging units 12101, 12102, 12103, 12104, and 12105 are provided at positions such as the front nose of the vehicle 12100, the side mirrors, the rear bumper, the back door, and the upper part of the windshield in the vehicle interior, for example.
  • An image pickup unit 12101 provided in the front nose and an image pickup unit 12105 provided above the windshield in the passenger compartment mainly acquire images in front of the vehicle 12100 .
  • Imaging units 12102 and 12103 provided in the side mirrors mainly acquire side images of the vehicle 12100 .
  • An imaging unit 12104 provided in the rear bumper or back door mainly acquires an image behind the vehicle 12100 .
  • Forward images acquired by the imaging units 12101 and 12105 are mainly used for detecting preceding vehicles, pedestrians, obstacles, traffic lights, traffic signs, lanes, and the like.
  • FIG. 17 shows an example of the imaging range of the imaging units 12101 to 12104.
  • the imaging range 12111 indicates the imaging range of the imaging unit 12101 provided in the front nose
  • the imaging ranges 12112 and 12113 indicate the imaging ranges of the imaging units 12102 and 12103 provided in the side mirrors, respectively
  • the imaging range 12114 The imaging range of an imaging unit 12104 provided in the rear bumper or back door is shown. For example, by superimposing the image data captured by the imaging units 12101 to 12104, a bird's-eye view image of the vehicle 12100 viewed from above can be obtained.
  • At least one of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 may have a function of acquiring distance information.
  • at least one of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 may be a stereo camera composed of a plurality of imaging elements, or may be an imaging element having pixels for phase difference detection.
  • the microcomputer 12051 determines the distance to each three-dimensional object within the imaging ranges 12111 to 12114 and changes in this distance over time (relative velocity with respect to the vehicle 12100). , it is possible to extract, as the preceding vehicle, the closest three-dimensional object on the course of the vehicle 12100, which runs at a predetermined speed (for example, 0 km/h or more) in substantially the same direction as the vehicle 12100. can. Furthermore, the microcomputer 12051 can set the inter-vehicle distance to be secured in advance in front of the preceding vehicle, and perform automatic brake control (including following stop control) and automatic acceleration control (including following start control). In this way, cooperative control can be performed for the purpose of automatic driving in which the vehicle runs autonomously without relying on the operation of the driver.
  • automatic brake control including following stop control
  • automatic acceleration control including following start control
  • the microcomputer 12051 converts three-dimensional object data related to three-dimensional objects to other three-dimensional objects such as motorcycles, ordinary vehicles, large vehicles, pedestrians, and utility poles. It can be classified and extracted and used for automatic avoidance of obstacles. For example, the microcomputer 12051 distinguishes obstacles around the vehicle 12100 into those that are visible to the driver of the vehicle 12100 and those that are difficult to see. Then, the microcomputer 12051 judges the collision risk indicating the degree of danger of collision with each obstacle, and when the collision risk is equal to or higher than the set value and there is a possibility of collision, an audio speaker 12061 and a display unit 12062 are displayed. By outputting an alarm to the driver via the drive system control unit 12010 and performing forced deceleration and avoidance steering via the drive system control unit 12010, driving support for collision avoidance can be performed.
  • At least one of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 may be an infrared camera that detects infrared rays.
  • the microcomputer 12051 can recognize a pedestrian by determining whether or not the pedestrian exists in the captured images of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 .
  • recognition of a pedestrian is performed by, for example, a procedure for extracting feature points in images captured by the imaging units 12101 to 12104 as infrared cameras, and performing pattern matching processing on a series of feature points indicating the outline of an object to determine whether or not the pedestrian is a pedestrian.
  • the audio image output unit 12052 outputs a rectangular outline for emphasis to the recognized pedestrian. is superimposed on the display unit 12062 . Also, the audio/image output unit 12052 may control the display unit 12062 to display an icon or the like indicating a pedestrian at a desired position.
  • the technology according to the present disclosure can be applied to, for example, the imaging unit 12031 among the configurations described above.
  • the imaging element 1 and the electronic device 100 can be applied to the imaging unit 12031 .
  • the technology according to the present disclosure can be applied to the imaging unit 12031, a high-definition captured image can be obtained, and highly accurate control using the captured image can be performed in the moving body control system.
  • the technology (the present technology) according to the present disclosure can be applied to various products.
  • the technology according to the present disclosure may be applied to an endoscopic surgery system.
  • FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an endoscopic surgery system to which the technology (this technology) according to the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 18 shows a state in which an operator (doctor) 11131 is performing surgery on a patient 11132 on a patient bed 11133 using an endoscopic surgery system 11000 .
  • an endoscopic surgery system 11000 includes an endoscope 11100, other surgical instruments 11110 such as a pneumoperitoneum tube 11111 and an energy treatment instrument 11112, and a support arm device 11120 for supporting the endoscope 11100. , and a cart 11200 loaded with various devices for endoscopic surgery.
  • An endoscope 11100 is composed of a lens barrel 11101 whose distal end is inserted into the body cavity of a patient 11132 and a camera head 11102 connected to the proximal end of the lens barrel 11101 .
  • an endoscope 11100 configured as a so-called rigid scope having a rigid lens barrel 11101 is illustrated, but the endoscope 11100 may be configured as a so-called flexible scope having a flexible lens barrel. good.
  • the tip of the lens barrel 11101 is provided with an opening into which the objective lens is fitted.
  • a light source device 11203 is connected to the endoscope 11100, and light generated by the light source device 11203 is guided to the tip of the lens barrel 11101 by a light guide extending inside the lens barrel 11101, where it reaches the objective. Through the lens, the light is irradiated toward the observation object inside the body cavity of the patient 11132 .
  • the endoscope 11100 may be a straight scope, a perspective scope, or a side scope.
  • An optical system and an imaging element are provided inside the camera head 11102, and the reflected light (observation light) from the observation target is focused on the imaging element by the optical system.
  • the imaging device photoelectrically converts the observation light to generate an electrical signal corresponding to the observation light, that is, an image signal corresponding to the observation image.
  • the image signal is transmitted to a camera control unit (CCU: Camera Control Unit) 11201 as RAW data.
  • CCU Camera Control Unit
  • the CCU 11201 is composed of a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), etc., and controls the operations of the endoscope 11100 and the display device 11202 in an integrated manner. Further, the CCU 11201 receives an image signal from the camera head 11102 and performs various image processing such as development processing (demosaicing) for displaying an image based on the image signal.
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • GPU Graphics Processing Unit
  • the display device 11202 displays an image based on an image signal subjected to image processing by the CCU 11201 under the control of the CCU 11201 .
  • the light source device 11203 is composed of a light source such as an LED (Light Emitting Diode), for example, and supplies the endoscope 11100 with irradiation light for photographing a surgical site or the like.
  • a light source such as an LED (Light Emitting Diode), for example, and supplies the endoscope 11100 with irradiation light for photographing a surgical site or the like.
  • the input device 11204 is an input interface for the endoscopic surgery system 11000.
  • the user can input various information and instructions to the endoscopic surgery system 11000 via the input device 11204 .
  • the user inputs an instruction or the like to change the imaging conditions (type of irradiation light, magnification, focal length, etc.) by the endoscope 11100 .
  • the treatment instrument control device 11205 controls driving of the energy treatment instrument 11112 for tissue cauterization, incision, blood vessel sealing, or the like.
  • the pneumoperitoneum device 11206 inflates the body cavity of the patient 11132 for the purpose of securing the visual field of the endoscope 11100 and securing the operator's working space, and injects gas into the body cavity through the pneumoperitoneum tube 11111. send in.
  • the recorder 11207 is a device capable of recording various types of information regarding surgery.
  • the printer 11208 is a device capable of printing various types of information regarding surgery in various formats such as text, images, and graphs.
  • the light source device 11203 that supplies the endoscope 11100 with irradiation light for photographing the surgical site can be composed of, for example, a white light source composed of an LED, a laser light source, or a combination thereof.
  • a white light source is configured by a combination of RGB laser light sources
  • the output intensity and output timing of each color (each wavelength) can be controlled with high accuracy. It can be carried out.
  • the laser light from each of the RGB laser light sources is irradiated to the observation object in a time division manner, and by controlling the driving of the imaging device of the camera head 11102 in synchronization with the irradiation timing, each of RGB can be handled. It is also possible to pick up images by time division. According to this method, a color image can be obtained without providing a color filter in the imaging device.
  • the driving of the light source device 11203 may be controlled so as to change the intensity of the output light every predetermined time.
  • the drive of the imaging device of the camera head 11102 in synchronism with the timing of the change in the intensity of the light to obtain an image in a time-division manner and synthesizing the images, a high dynamic A range of images can be generated.
  • the light source device 11203 may be configured to be able to supply light in a predetermined wavelength band corresponding to special light observation.
  • special light observation for example, by utilizing the wavelength dependence of light absorption in body tissues, by irradiating light with a narrower band than the irradiation light (i.e., white light) during normal observation, the mucosal surface layer So-called narrow band imaging is performed, in which a predetermined tissue such as a blood vessel is imaged with high contrast.
  • fluorescence observation may be performed in which an image is obtained from fluorescence generated by irradiation with excitation light.
  • the body tissue is irradiated with excitation light and the fluorescence from the body tissue is observed (autofluorescence observation), or a reagent such as indocyanine green (ICG) is locally injected into the body tissue and the body tissue is A fluorescence image can be obtained by irradiating excitation light corresponding to the fluorescence wavelength of the reagent.
  • the light source device 11203 can be configured to be able to supply narrowband light and/or excitation light corresponding to such special light observation.
  • FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing an example of functional configurations of the camera head 11102 and CCU 11201 shown in FIG.
  • the camera head 11102 has a lens unit 11401, an imaging section 11402, a drive section 11403, a communication section 11404, and a camera head control section 11405.
  • the CCU 11201 has a communication section 11411 , an image processing section 11412 and a control section 11413 .
  • the camera head 11102 and the CCU 11201 are communicably connected to each other via a transmission cable 11400 .
  • a lens unit 11401 is an optical system provided at a connection with the lens barrel 11101 . Observation light captured from the tip of the lens barrel 11101 is guided to the camera head 11102 and enters the lens unit 11401 .
  • a lens unit 11401 is configured by combining a plurality of lenses including a zoom lens and a focus lens.
  • the imaging unit 11402 is composed of an imaging element.
  • the imaging device constituting the imaging unit 11402 may be one (so-called single-plate type) or plural (so-called multi-plate type).
  • image signals corresponding to RGB may be generated by each image pickup element, and a color image may be obtained by synthesizing the image signals.
  • the imaging unit 11402 may be configured to have a pair of imaging elements for respectively acquiring right-eye and left-eye image signals corresponding to 3D (Dimensional) display.
  • the 3D display enables the operator 11131 to more accurately grasp the depth of the living tissue in the surgical site.
  • a plurality of systems of lens units 11401 may be provided corresponding to each imaging element.
  • the imaging unit 11402 does not necessarily have to be provided in the camera head 11102 .
  • the imaging unit 11402 may be provided inside the lens barrel 11101 immediately after the objective lens.
  • the drive unit 11403 is configured by an actuator, and moves the zoom lens and focus lens of the lens unit 11401 by a predetermined distance along the optical axis under control from the camera head control unit 11405 . Thereby, the magnification and focus of the image captured by the imaging unit 11402 can be appropriately adjusted.
  • the communication unit 11404 is composed of a communication device for transmitting and receiving various information to and from the CCU 11201.
  • the communication unit 11404 transmits the image signal obtained from the imaging unit 11402 as RAW data to the CCU 11201 via the transmission cable 11400 .
  • the communication unit 11404 receives a control signal for controlling driving of the camera head 11102 from the CCU 11201 and supplies it to the camera head control unit 11405 .
  • the control signal includes, for example, information to specify the frame rate of the captured image, information to specify the exposure value at the time of imaging, and/or information to specify the magnification and focus of the captured image. Contains information about conditions.
  • the imaging conditions such as the frame rate, exposure value, magnification, and focus may be appropriately designated by the user, or may be automatically set by the control unit 11413 of the CCU 11201 based on the acquired image signal. good.
  • the endoscope 11100 is equipped with so-called AE (Auto Exposure) function, AF (Auto Focus) function, and AWB (Auto White Balance) function.
  • the camera head control unit 11405 controls driving of the camera head 11102 based on the control signal from the CCU 11201 received via the communication unit 11404.
  • the communication unit 11411 is composed of a communication device for transmitting and receiving various information to and from the camera head 11102 .
  • the communication unit 11411 receives image signals transmitted from the camera head 11102 via the transmission cable 11400 .
  • the communication unit 11411 transmits a control signal for controlling driving of the camera head 11102 to the camera head 11102 .
  • Image signals and control signals can be transmitted by electrical communication, optical communication, or the like.
  • the image processing unit 11412 performs various types of image processing on the image signal, which is RAW data transmitted from the camera head 11102 .
  • the control unit 11413 performs various controls related to imaging of the surgical site and the like by the endoscope 11100 and display of the captured image obtained by imaging the surgical site and the like. For example, the control unit 11413 generates control signals for controlling driving of the camera head 11102 .
  • control unit 11413 causes the display device 11202 to display a captured image showing the surgical site and the like based on the image signal that has undergone image processing by the image processing unit 11412 .
  • the control unit 11413 may recognize various objects in the captured image using various image recognition techniques. For example, the control unit 11413 detects the shape, color, and the like of the edges of objects included in the captured image, thereby detecting surgical instruments such as forceps, specific body parts, bleeding, mist during use of the energy treatment instrument 11112, and the like. can recognize.
  • the control unit 11413 may use the recognition result to display various types of surgical assistance information superimposed on the image of the surgical site. By superimposing and presenting the surgery support information to the operator 11131, the burden on the operator 11131 can be reduced and the operator 11131 can proceed with the surgery reliably.
  • a transmission cable 11400 connecting the camera head 11102 and the CCU 11201 is an electrical signal cable compatible with electrical signal communication, an optical fiber compatible with optical communication, or a composite cable of these.
  • wired communication is performed using the transmission cable 11400, but communication between the camera head 11102 and the CCU 11201 may be performed wirelessly.
  • the technology according to the present disclosure can be preferably applied to, for example, the imaging unit 11402 provided in the camera head 11102 of the endoscope 11100 among the configurations described above.
  • the technology according to the present disclosure can be applied to the imaging unit 11402, the sensitivity of the imaging unit 11402 can be increased, and the high-definition endoscope 11100 can be provided.
  • the present disclosure has been described above with reference to the embodiments, modifications, application examples, and application examples, the present technology is not limited to the above-described embodiments and the like, and various modifications are possible.
  • the modified examples described above have been described as modified examples of the above-described embodiment, but the configurations of the modified examples can be appropriately combined.
  • the present disclosure is not limited to back-illuminated image sensors, but is also applicable to front-illuminated image sensors.
  • a first pixel having a first filter that transmits light of a first wavelength and a first photoelectric conversion unit, a second filter that transmits light of a second wavelength, and a second a second pixel having a photoelectric conversion unit; a third pixel having a third filter that transmits light of a third wavelength and a third photoelectric conversion unit; and light of the second wavelength and light of the third wavelength.
  • a fourth pixel having a fourth filter and a fourth photoelectric conversion unit; a fifth pixel having a fifth filter and a fifth photoelectric conversion unit that transmit the light of the first wavelength and the light of the third wavelength; a sixth pixel having a sixth photoelectric conversion unit and a sixth filter that transmits the light of the wavelength and the light of the second wavelength;
  • the first filter transmits light in a red wavelength range as the light of the first wavelength
  • the second filter transmits light in a green wavelength range as the second wavelength light
  • the imaging device according to (1) wherein the third filter transmits light in a blue wavelength range as the light of the third wavelength.
  • the fourth filter transmits light in a cyan wavelength band
  • the fifth filter transmits light in a magenta wavelength range
  • the first photoelectric conversion unit photoelectrically converts light transmitted through the first filter
  • the second photoelectric conversion unit photoelectrically converts the light transmitted through the second filter
  • the third photoelectric conversion unit photoelectrically converts light transmitted through the third filter
  • the fourth photoelectric conversion unit photoelectrically converts light transmitted through the fourth filter
  • the fifth photoelectric conversion unit photoelectrically converts light transmitted through the fifth filter
  • the imaging device according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the sixth photoelectric conversion section photoelectrically converts light transmitted through the sixth filter.
  • (5) Having a first lens provided for the four first pixels
  • the imaging according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the first photoelectric conversion units of the four first pixels photoelectrically convert light transmitted through the first lens and the first filter. element.
  • (6) a second lens provided for the four second pixels; a third lens provided for each of the four third pixels; The second photoelectric conversion units of the four second pixels photoelectrically convert light transmitted through the second lens and the second filter, The imaging according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the third photoelectric conversion units of the four third pixels photoelectrically convert light transmitted through the third lens and the third filter. element. (7) a fourth lens provided for the fourth pixel; a fifth lens provided for the fifth pixel; The imaging device according to any one of (1) to (6), further comprising: a sixth lens provided for the sixth pixel.
  • 6 ⁇ 6 pixels composed of a plurality of the first pixels, a plurality of the second pixels, a plurality of the third pixels, a plurality of the fourth pixels, a plurality of the fifth pixels, and a plurality of the sixth pixels are arranged repeatedly.
  • the imaging device according to any one of (1) to (7).
  • the imaging device according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein the plurality of fourth pixels, the plurality of fifth pixels, and the plurality of sixth pixels are each arranged in a cross shape. .
  • a fourth lens provided for each of the four fourth pixels;
  • the imaging according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the fourth photoelectric conversion units of the four fourth pixels photoelectrically convert light transmitted through the fourth lens and the fourth filter. element.
  • 6 ⁇ 6 pixels composed of a plurality of the first pixels, a plurality of the second pixels, a plurality of the third pixels, a plurality of the fourth pixels, a plurality of the fifth pixels, and a plurality of the sixth pixels are arranged repeatedly The imaging device according to any one of (10) to (12).
  • an imaging device having a sixth pixel having a transmitting sixth filter and a sixth photoelectric conversion unit; a signal processing unit that performs signal processing on a signal output from the imaging element; electronic equipment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Transforming Light Signals Into Electric Signals (AREA)
  • Solid State Image Pick-Up Elements (AREA)
PCT/JP2022/042704 2022-01-06 2022-11-17 撮像素子および電子機器 Ceased WO2023132137A1 (ja)

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006340100A (ja) * 2005-06-02 2006-12-14 Fujifilm Holdings Corp 撮影装置
JP2009017152A (ja) * 2007-07-04 2009-01-22 Nikon Corp 固体撮像素子及びこれを用いた撮像装置
JP2009152234A (ja) * 2007-12-18 2009-07-09 Sony Corp 固体撮像装置およびカメラ
JP2009157198A (ja) * 2007-12-27 2009-07-16 Nikon Corp 固体撮像素子及びこれを用いた撮像装置
JP2010531540A (ja) * 2007-06-18 2010-09-24 シリコンファイル・テクノロジーズ・インコーポレイテッド 広いダイナミックレンジと良好な色再現性および解像度を有する画素アレイならびに画素アレイを用いたイメージセンサ
JP2014006079A (ja) * 2012-06-21 2014-01-16 Olympus Corp 撮像モジュールおよび撮像装置
WO2021171797A1 (ja) * 2020-02-26 2021-09-02 ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 固体撮像装置及び電子機器

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006340100A (ja) * 2005-06-02 2006-12-14 Fujifilm Holdings Corp 撮影装置
JP2010531540A (ja) * 2007-06-18 2010-09-24 シリコンファイル・テクノロジーズ・インコーポレイテッド 広いダイナミックレンジと良好な色再現性および解像度を有する画素アレイならびに画素アレイを用いたイメージセンサ
JP2009017152A (ja) * 2007-07-04 2009-01-22 Nikon Corp 固体撮像素子及びこれを用いた撮像装置
JP2009152234A (ja) * 2007-12-18 2009-07-09 Sony Corp 固体撮像装置およびカメラ
JP2009157198A (ja) * 2007-12-27 2009-07-16 Nikon Corp 固体撮像素子及びこれを用いた撮像装置
JP2014006079A (ja) * 2012-06-21 2014-01-16 Olympus Corp 撮像モジュールおよび撮像装置
WO2021171797A1 (ja) * 2020-02-26 2021-09-02 ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 固体撮像装置及び電子機器

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