WO2023131971A1 - Électrolyte pour une batterie métal-air, et batterie métal-air le comprenant - Google Patents

Électrolyte pour une batterie métal-air, et batterie métal-air le comprenant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023131971A1
WO2023131971A1 PCT/IN2023/050009 IN2023050009W WO2023131971A1 WO 2023131971 A1 WO2023131971 A1 WO 2023131971A1 IN 2023050009 W IN2023050009 W IN 2023050009W WO 2023131971 A1 WO2023131971 A1 WO 2023131971A1
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Prior art keywords
electrolyte
metal
microns
catalyst
air
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PCT/IN2023/050009
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English (en)
Inventor
Raman KUKREJA
Manmayur YUVRAJ PATIL
Akash Kumar
Bhanu Pratap Singh
Tushar R Batham
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Chakr Innovation Private Limited
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Publication of WO2023131971A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023131971A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
    • H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0014—Alkaline electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the disclosure is generally related to electrochemical devices or batteries, particularly to an air electrode for an air battery and an air battery comprising the air electrode thereof, and an electrolyte for metal- air batteries.
  • Catalytic electrodes play a vital role in electrochemical devices.
  • electrochemical cells that have catalytic electrodes include, but are not limited to, fuel cells, metal-air battery cells, gas (e.g., hydrogen) generating cells, and electrochemical sensor cells.
  • Selective catalysts containing electrodes generally consist of five materials: current collector, binder, a 'carbonaceous material such as activated carbon, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, 3D carbon materials, and carbon quantum dots (to capture gas), conductive material and catalyst (as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is sluggish).
  • current collector binder
  • binder binder
  • a 'carbonaceous material such as activated carbon, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, 3D carbon materials, and carbon quantum dots (to capture gas), conductive material and catalyst (as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is sluggish).
  • ORR oxygen reduction reaction
  • the metals used at current collectors are required to have high electrical conductivity (to have lower internal resistance) and stability in the electrolyte (acidic or alkaline). This limits the choice of metals and thus it is needed to use expensive metals like Nickel.
  • the present disclosure provides an air electrode comprising: (a) a current collector, wherein the current collector is coated with a catalyst such that the current collector performs the function of the catalyst as well; or (b) an electrically conducting catalyst which simultaneously acts as both a catalyst and a current collector.
  • the present disclosure provides an electrolyte for a metal-air battery, comprising an organic additive.
  • the present disclosure provides an electrolyte for a metal-air battery.
  • the electrolyte comprises an aqueous alkaline electrolyte and at least an organic additive.
  • the present disclosure provides an electrochemical device comprising an air electrode as described in the preceding aspect.
  • the present disclosure provides an electrochemical device comprising an electrolyte as described in the preceding aspect.
  • the present disclosure provides an electrochemical device comprising: an air electrode and an electrolyte; wherein the air electrode and the electrolyte are as described in the preceding aspects.
  • Figure 1 illustrates cross-sectional view of conventional air cathode.
  • Figure 2 illustrates an air electrode (also referred to as “air cathode”) comprising gas diffusion layer (1), catalyst layer (2), current collector (3) having a catalyst coating (4) according to an embodiment.
  • air cathode also referred to as “air cathode”
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an air cathode without a catalyst layer (2).
  • This cathode comprises gas diffusion layer (1) and current collector (3) having a catalyst coating (4).
  • Figure 4 illustrates a galvanic cell (8) setup having an aluminum anode (5), an aqueous alkaline electrolyte (7), an air cathode shown in Figure 1 or Figure 2, and a conductive material (6) connecting anode and cathode.
  • an element means one element or more than one element.
  • invention or “present invention” or “present disclosure” as used herein is a non-limiting term and is not intended to refer to any single embodiment of the particular invention but encompasses all possible embodiments as described in the specification and the claims.
  • the present disclosure provides an air electrode comprising: (a) a current collector, wherein the current collector is coated with a catalyst such that the current collector performs the function of the catalyst as well; or (b) an electrically conducting catalyst which simultaneously acts as both a catalyst and a current collector.
  • the present disclosure provides an air electrode comprising: a current collector coated with a catalyst.
  • Catalyst containing electrode generally comprises catalyst layer (CL), current collector (CC), and Gas diffusion layer (GDL).
  • the catalyst layer comprises large specific area materials like a 'carbonaceous material such as activated carbon, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, 3D carbon materials, and carbon quantum dots, a binder, and a conductive material.
  • a binder any suitable binder can be used.
  • the binder conventionally known binder can be used.
  • the binder include, but are not limited to, polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), nafion, and/or polyimide.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • conductive material any suitable and conventional conductive material can be used. Examples of the conductive material include, but are not limited to, black carbon, metal powders, and the like.
  • the catalyst layer may further optionally comprise a catalyst.
  • the catalyst is selected from a group comprising Pt, Pd, Au, Ag, Mn02, cobalt oxides, Ni, TiO2 or any other well-known catalysts.
  • the catalyst layer faces other electrode of the cell.
  • the current collector is used to make electrical connection from the battery.
  • the current collector comprises a base material.
  • the base material any suitable and conventional conductive material can be used.
  • the base material structure can be a metal with porous structure such as mesh or fleece.
  • Material can be a metal with high electrical conductivity like copper, aluminium, molybdenum, zinc, brass, nickel, steel, silver, and gold.
  • the current collector is coated with a catalyst.
  • This catalyst can be electroplated, dip coated, or the catalyst may be coated by electroless plating.
  • the catalyst is selected from the group comprising Pt, Pd, Au, Ag, MnCh, cobalt oxides, Ni, TiCh, and any other well-known catalysts.
  • GDL Gas diffusion layer
  • the GDL provides gas for reduction or oxidation.
  • the GDL comprises large specific area materials like activated carbon, and a binder.
  • the binder any suitable and conventional binder can be used.
  • the binder include, but are not limited to, polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), nafion, polyimide, and the like.
  • the GDE may or may not contain other components such as in CE.
  • a direct thin porous layer of catalyst (electrically conductive type) can be used which can function as catalyst and current collector both by itself.
  • GDE, CC, CL three parts
  • GDL and CC coated with a catalyst may be used directly. Place of the coated or uncoated current collector can be changed and moved to front (of CL) or back (of GDL) or middle (of CL or GDL).
  • the present disclosure provides improvement of power and energy density for electrodes which require a catalyst. Also, provides for simplifying the electrode making process, decreasing the internal resistance and cost.
  • any known catalyst may be used for coating the current collector (CC).
  • the catalyst is selected from the group comprising nickel (Ni), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), silver (Ag), MnC , cobalt oxides, Ni, TiCh, and any combination thereof.
  • coating the current collector with a catalyst ensures uniform presence of catalyst on the electrode thus decreasing the sensitivity, time, and cost of process.
  • the coating additionally gives the advantage of using highly conductive current collectors such as Cu.
  • the coating protects it in electrolyte (basic and acidic solution) which in turn decreases internal resistance, cost and improves power of a cell.
  • the coating can be of any thickness. In some instances, the coating is of a predetermined thickness. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the coated catalyst is about 0.01 microns or more. In certain embodiments, the thickness of the coated catalyst is about 0.01 microns or more and less than 35 microns. In further embodiments, the thickness of the coated catalyst is from about 0.01 microns to about 30 microns.
  • the thickness of the coated catalyst is about 0.1 microns, about 0.5 microns, about 1 micron, about 1.5 microns, about 2 microns, about 2.5 microns, about 3 microns, about 3.5 microns, about 4 microns, about 4.5 microns, about 5 microns, about
  • microns about 5.5 microns, about 6 microns, about 6.5 microns, about 7 microns, about 7.5 microns, about 8 microns, about 8.5 microns, about 9 microns, about 9.5 microns, about 10 microns, about
  • microns about 11 microns, about 11.5 microns, about 12 microns, about 12.5 microns, about 13 microns, about 13.5 microns, about 14 microns, about 14.5 microns, about 15 microns, about 15.5 microns, about 16 microns, about 16.5 microns, about 17 microns, about 17.5 microns, about 18 microns, about 18.5 microns, about 19 microns, about 19.5 microns, about 20 microns, about 20.5 microns, about 21 microns, about 21.5 microns, about 22 microns, about 22.5 microns, about 23 microns, about 23.5 microns, about 24 microns, about 24.5 microns, about 25 microns, about 25.5 microns, about 26 microns, about 26.5 microns, about 27 microns, about 27.5 microns, about 28 microns, about 28.5 microns, about 29 microns, about 29.5 microns, about 30
  • the present disclosure provides an air electrode comprising: a current collector coated with a catalyst; wherein the catalyst is coated by electroplating or electroless plating on the current collector.
  • the air electrode comprises a current collector coated with a catalyst; wherein the catalyst is coated by electroplating on the current collector.
  • the catalyst is selected from the group comprising Pt, Pd, Au, Ag, MnC , cobalt oxides, Ni, TiCh, and any other well-known catalysts.
  • the electroplating is done at a temperature of about 40 °C or more. In some embodiments, the electroplating is done at a temperature from about 40 °C to about 90 °C.
  • the electroplating is done at about 60 °C to about 70 °C. In certain embodiments, the electroless plating is done at a temperature of about 40 °C or more. In some embodiments, the electroless plating is done at a temperature from about 40 °C to about 90 °C. In some embodiments, the electroless plating is done at about 60 °C to about 70 °C. The electroplating or electroless plating is carried out for about 30 to 70 minutes.
  • the air electrode as provided herein can be used wherever catalyst is required. Examples include, but are not limited to, hydrogen fuel cells, metal air batteries to reduce oxygen or oxidize hydrogen. The air electrode can also be used in cells which require catalysts like redox flow batteries etc.
  • the present disclosure provides an air electrode for a metalair battery, wherein the air electrode comprises a current collector coated with a catalyst.
  • the catalyst is coated by electroplating on the current collector.
  • the air electrode provided by the present disclosure is for a metal-air battery comprising at least one gas diffusion layer configured to supply oxygen to the air electrode.
  • the air electrode of the present disclosure comprises catalyst coated current collector along with conventional catalyst layer.
  • Figure 2 shows an air cathode comprising gas diffusion layer (1), catalyst layer (2), current collector (3) having a catalyst coating (4) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the air electrode of the present disclosure may not comprise a conventional catalyst layer as shown in figure 3.
  • Figure 3 shows an air cathode having no catalyst layer (2).
  • the air cathode comprises a gas diffusion layer (1) and current collector (3) having a catalyst coating (4).
  • catalyst coating on the current collector gives better power density compared to conventional current collector, in an electrolyte flooded battery having gas diffusion layer. In some instances, catalyst coated current collector along with catalyst layer gives 2.6 times the power density compared to conventional current collector, in an electrolyte flooded battery having gas diffusion layer.
  • the air electrode as provided herein is for a metal-air battery comprising at least one gas diffusion layer configured to supply oxygen to the air electrode; and an electrolyte.
  • electrolyte any suitable and conventional electrolyte may be used. Examples of electrolyte include, but are not limited to, aqueous (neutral, acidic, basic) and non-aqueous (ionic, organic). In certain embodiments, the electrolyte is a flooded electrolyte.
  • the air electrode as provided herein is for a metal-air battery comprising (i) at least one gas diffusion layer configured to supply oxygen to the air electrode; and (ii) a flooded electrolyte.
  • the electrolyte is an aqueous alkaline electrolyte.
  • the aqueous alkaline electrolyte comprises an alkaline hydroxide. Examples of alkaline hydroxide include, but are not limited to, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, and cesium hydroxide. In certain embodiments, the alkaline hydroxide is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
  • the concentration of the electrolyte is from about 0.01 M to about 30 M. In further embodiments, the concentration of the electrolyte is from about 0.01 M to about 20 M or from about 0.01 M to about 15 M or about 0.1 M to about 15 M or from about 1 M to about 15 M or from about 4 M to about 12 M. In some instances, the concentration of the electrolyte is from about 4 M to about 12 M.
  • the present disclosure provides a metal-air battery comprising: an air electrode comprising a current collector coated with a catalyst; an anode comprising a metal; at least one gas diffusion layer configured to supply oxygen to the air electrode; and an electrolyte; wherein the air electrode; gas diffusion layer and electrolyte are same as described above.
  • any suitable and/or conventionally known anode may be used in the metal-air battery of the present disclosure.
  • the anode comprises at least an anode active material.
  • anode active material general anode active materials for metal-air batteries can be used and the anode active material is not particularly limited.
  • anode active materials include, but are not limited to, Fe, Si, Ti, V, Mn, Mg, Zn, Cu, Zr, Ga, B, Ni, Sr, Li, Na and any combination thereof.
  • any anode comprising a metal may be used as the anode.
  • metal include, but are not limited to, Fe, Mg, Zn, Li, Na and any combination thereof.
  • the metal-air battery of the present disclosure may further comprise a separator between the air electrode and the anode.
  • separator any suitable and/or conventionally known separator may be used in the metal-air battery of the present disclosure.
  • the separator include, but are not limited to, an anion exchange membrane (AEM) such as Fumion, polysulfonium-cation-based AEM, Zirforn, QAFC, PPO-TMA, Versogen, Sustanion, and Selemion.
  • AEM anion exchange membrane
  • Figure 4 illustrates an overall galvanic cell (8) setup, having an aluminum anode (5), an aqueous alkaline electrolyte (7), an air cathode shown in figure 1 or figure 2, and a conductive material (6) connecting the anode and the cathode.
  • the present disclosure provides an electrochemical device comprising: an air electrode, and an electrolyte; wherein the air electrode and the electrolyte are same as described above.
  • the electrolyte may prevent or limit the metal dissolution in a battery.
  • Use of an aqueous alkaline electrolyte in a metal-air batter causes a parasitic side reaction at metal anode. Water reacts with the metal anode to produce H2.
  • the side reaction is given as:
  • M Al, Zn, Mg, Na, Li, Fe
  • the present disclosure provides an electrolyte for a metal-air battery, comprising at least an organic additive.
  • the present disclosure also provides an electrolyte for a metal-air battery, and a metal-air battery comprising said electrolyte.
  • the present disclosure provides an electrolyte for a metalair battery, wherein the electrolyte comprises an aqueous alkaline electrolyte and at least an organic additive.
  • the aqueous alkaline electrolyte comprises an alkaline hydroxide.
  • alkaline hydroxide include, but are not limited to, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, and cesium hydroxide.
  • the alkaline hydroxide is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
  • the alkaline hydroxide is potassium hydroxide.
  • concentration of the electrolyte is from about 0.01 M to about 30 M.
  • the concentration of the electrolyte is from about 0.01 M to about 20 M or from about 0.01 M to about 15 M or about 0.1 M to about 1 M or from about 1 M to about 15 M or from about 4 M to about 12 M. In some instances, the concentration of the electrolyte is from about 0.1 M to about 10 M. In some instances, the concentration of the electrolyte is about 0.1-10 M. In some instances, the concentration of the electrolyte is about 1-10 M, about 1-6 M, including about 2 M, about 3 M, about 4M, about 5M and about 6M.
  • the organic additive is selected from the group comprising carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), cetrimonium chloride (CTAC), and any combination thereof.
  • the electrolyte comprises an aqueous alkaline electrolyte and a combination of organic additives selected from the group comprising carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and cetrimonium chloride (CTAC).
  • CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
  • CTAB cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
  • CAC cetrimonium chloride
  • the electrolyte comprises an aqueous alkaline electrolyte, CMC, and CTAB.
  • the electrolyte comprises an aqueous alkaline electrolyte, CMC, and CTAC.
  • the electrolyte comprises an aqueous alkaline electrolyte, CMC, CTAB and CTAC.
  • the electrolyte comprises an aqueous alkaline electrolyte, CMC, CTAB and CTAC.
  • the organic additive in the electrolyte may present in an amount from about 0.001 wt% to about 10 wt%. In certain embodiments, the organic additive in the electrolyte may present in an amount from about 0.001 wt% to about 5 wt%, or from about 0.001 wt% to about 4 wt%, or from about 0.001 wt% to about 3 wt%, or from about 0.001 wt% to about 2 wt%, or form about 0.001 wt% to about 1 wt%, or from about 0.001 wt% to about 0.5 wt%, or from about 0.01 wt% to about 3 wt%.
  • the organic additive is CMC, in an amount from about 0.01 wt% to about 3 wt%.
  • the CMC is present in an amount of about 0.01 wt%, about 0.02 wt%, about 0.03 wt%, about 0.04 wt%, about 0.05 wt%, about 0.06 wt%, about 0.07 wt%, about 0.08 wt%, 0.09 wt%, about 0.1 wt%, about 0.11 wt%, about 0.12 wt%, about 0.13 wt%, about 0.14 wt%, about 0.15 wt%, about 0.16 wt%, about 0.17 wt%, about 0.18 wt%, about 0.19 wt%, about 0.2 wt%, about 0.21 wt%, about 0.22 wt%, about 0.23 wt%, about 0.24 wt%, about 0.25 wt%, about 0.26 wt%, about 0.27
  • the organic additive is CTAB, in an amount from about 0.001 wt% to about 3 wt%.
  • the CTAB is present in an amount of about 0.001 wt%, about 0.002 wt%, about 0.003 wt%, about 0.004 wt%, about 0.005 wt%, about 0.006 wt%, about 0.007 wt%, about 0.008 wt%, about 0.009 wt%, about 0.01 wt%, about 0.02 wt%, about 0.03 wt%, about 0.04 wt%, about 0.05 wt%, about 0.06 wt%, about 0.07 wt%, about 0.08 wt%, 0.09 wt%, about 0.1 wt%, about 0.11 wt%, about 0.12 wt%, about 0.13 wt%, about 0.14 wt%, about 0.15 wt%, about 0.16 wt%, about 0.
  • the organic additive is CTAC, in an amount from about 0.001 wt% to about 3 wt%.
  • the CTAC is present in an amount of about 0.001 wt%, about 0.002 wt%, about 0.003 wt%, about 0.004 wt%, about 0.005 wt%, about 0.006 wt%, about 0.007 wt%, about 0.008 wt%, about 0.009 wt%, about 0.01 wt%, about 0.02 wt%, about 0.03 wt%, about 0.04 wt%, about 0.05 wt%, about 0.06 wt%, about 0.07 wt%, about 0.08 wt%, 0.09 wt%, about 0.1 wt%, about 0.11 wt%, about 0.12 wt%, about 0.13 wt%, about 0.14 wt%, about 0.15 wt%, about 0.16 wt%, about 0.
  • the present disclosure provides a process for preparing an electrolyte for a metal-air battery.
  • the process comprises adding an alkane hydroxide to an aqueous solution of at least an organic additive.
  • the process comprises stirring the alkane hydroxide with aqueous solution of the organic additive.
  • the alkane hydroxide and the organic additive are the same as described above.
  • the stirring is continued until a solution is obtained.
  • the stirring is continued for about 30-60 minutes.
  • concentration of the electrolyte solution is from about 1 M to about 12 M.
  • the electrolyte solution is allowed to room temperature and then used in a metal-air battery.
  • the present disclosure provides a metal-air battery comprising: an air electrode; an anode comprising a metal; and an electrolyte; wherein the electrolyte comprises an aqueous alkaline electrolyte and at least an organic additive; wherein the anode, the aqueous alkaline electrolyte and the organic additive are the same as defined above.
  • an air electrode any suitable and/or conventionally known air electrode may be used in the metal-air battery of the present disclosure.
  • an air electrode comprising a catalyst coated current collector of the present disclosure is used in the metal-air battery.
  • the metal-air battery of the present disclosure may further comprise a separator between the air electrode and the anode.
  • separator any suitable and/or conventionally known separator may be used in the metal-air battery of the present disclosure.
  • Eexamples of the separator include, but are not limited to, an anion exchange membrane (AEM) such as Fumion, polysulfonium-cation-based AEM, Zirforn, QAFC, PPO-TMA, Versogen, Sustanion, and Selemion.
  • AEM anion exchange membrane
  • the present disclosure provides an electrolyte which may be used in a metal-air battery comprising: an air electrode comprising a current collector coated with a catalyst; an anode comprising a metal; at least one gas diffusion layer configured to supply oxygen to the air electrode; and an electrolyte; wherein the electrolyte comprises an aqueous alkaline electrolyte and at least an organic additive.
  • the present disclosure provides an electrochemical device comprising: an air electrode; and an electrolyte; wherein the electrolyte comprises an aqueous alkaline electrolyte and at least an organic additive of the present disclosure.
  • an air electrode any suitable and/or conventionally known air electrode may be used in the metal-air battery.
  • an air electrode comprising a catalyst coated current collector of the present disclosure is used in the electrochemical device.
  • KOH or NaOH was added to the distilled water and mixed for 30-60 minutes to make a solution in the range of 4M-12M.
  • the electrolyte was allowed to room temperature before using it in a battery.
  • Nickel 99.5% purity
  • the coating thickness ranges from 5 to 30 microns.
  • the loading of Ni was in the range 0.2- 1.4 gram per square meter of Cu mesh.
  • Nickel 99.5% purity was coated onto the copper mesh via electroless plating at 60-70 °C for 55 minutes. The coating thickness ranges from 5 to 30 microns. The loading of Ni was in the range 0.2- 1.4 gram per square meter of Cu mesh.
  • Cathode constitutes three layers: catalyst layer (CL); catalyst coated current collector; and gas diffusion layer (GDL).
  • CL and GDL were made according to the conventional method. Wen, H, Liu, Z, Qiao, J, et al., Int J Energy Res. 2020; 44 7568 7579 can be considered as a reference.
  • An air cathode comprising a gas diffusion layer (1), a catalyst layer (2), a current collector (3) having a catalyst coating (4) is shown in Eigure 1.
  • FIG. 2 An air cathode having no separate catalyst layer (2) is shown in figure 2. As shown in figure 2, the air cathode comprises a gas diffusion layer (1) and a current collector (3) having a catalyst coating (4).
  • Electrolyte was circulated between the two electrodes in the range of 0.8 LPM to 1.2 LPM using a diaphragm pump. The test condition was 0.62-0.72 V and 1.76 A.
  • a galvanic cell (8) setup having an aluminum anode (5), an aqueous alkaline electrolyte (7), an air cathode of figure 1 or figure 2, and a conductive material such as copper (6) connecting the anode and the cathode are shown in figure 3.
  • a metal-air battery was made under the same conditions as those in Example 1 except that conventional catalyst layer (CL) is absent in preparing an air cathode.
  • a metal-air battery was made under the same conditions as those in Example 1 except that Ag catalyst was used instead of Ni in preparing an air cathode.
  • EXAMPLE 4
  • a metal-air battery was made under the same conditions as those in Example 3 except that conventional catalyst layer (CL) is absent in preparing an air cathode.
  • COMPARTIVE EXAMPLE 1 A metal-air battery was made under the same conditions as those in Example 1 except that there is no catalyst coating on current collector in preparing an air cathode.
  • a metal-air battery was made under the same conditions as those in comparative example 1 except that conventional catalyst layer (CL) is absent in preparing an air cathode.
  • CL catalyst layer
  • the power of batteries was determined using a batter tester (of Neware). The results are shown in Table 2 below.
  • Electrolyte having CMC with different concentration was prepared using the procedure depicted in Example 5. The flow of electrolyte is shown in Table 3.
  • Aluminum anode and air cathode are set up with a 4 mm separation between them.
  • the exposed surface area of anode and cathode is 40 mm*40 mm.
  • Aqueous alkaline electrolyte having additive(s) is circulated between the two electrodes in the range of 0.8 LPM to 1.2 LPM using a diaphragm pump. The test condition was 0.62-0.72 V and 1.76 A.
  • Electrolytes having different concentrations of one or more organic additives selected from CMS, CTAB, and CTAC were prepared using the procedure depicted in Example 7 with appropriate variations in quantities of components in the electrolyte. These were used in electrolytic cells according to Example 8 and studied for hydrogen evolution. The results were shown in Tables 4-7.
  • KOH was added to make a 4M electrolyte solution. Volume of hydrogen evolved was measured after 20 minutes of the start of cell reaction. The hydrogen evolution was determined by gas chromatography.
  • metal-air batteries having electrolytes of Examples 5 and 8-44 have less hydrogen evolution compared to that of Comparative Examples 3-6.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne une électrode à air pour une batterie métal-air, et une batterie métal-air comprenant ladite électrode à air. L'électrode à air comprend un collecteur de courant revêtu d'un catalyseur. L'invention concerne également un électrolyte pour une batterie métal-air, et une batterie métal-air comprenant ledit électrolyte. L'électrolyte comprend un électrolyte alcalin aqueux et au moins un additif organique.
PCT/IN2023/050009 2022-01-04 2023-01-04 Électrolyte pour une batterie métal-air, et batterie métal-air le comprenant WO2023131971A1 (fr)

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