WO2023131359A1 - 一种利用钻孔注胶测试顶底板岩层裂隙发育特征的方法 - Google Patents
一种利用钻孔注胶测试顶底板岩层裂隙发育特征的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023131359A1 WO2023131359A1 PCT/CN2023/083837 CN2023083837W WO2023131359A1 WO 2023131359 A1 WO2023131359 A1 WO 2023131359A1 CN 2023083837 W CN2023083837 W CN 2023083837W WO 2023131359 A1 WO2023131359 A1 WO 2023131359A1
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- injection
- drilling
- silica gel
- drill
- glue injection
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 title abstract description 20
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 title abstract 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001875 Ebonite Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 abstract 7
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 8
- 208000008918 voyeurism Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/008—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by injection test; by analysing pressure variations in an injection or production test, e.g. for estimating the skin factor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B2200/00—Special features related to earth drilling for obtaining oil, gas or water
- E21B2200/20—Computer models or simulations, e.g. for reservoirs under production, drill bits
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of coal mining, and in particular relates to a method for testing the crack development characteristics of roof and floor strata by injecting glue through drilling holes.
- coal is necessary as the main energy source in our country, otherwise it will not be enough to support the modernization of the country.
- the coal mining process is accompanied by many disasters, especially roof and floor water damage, which poses a great threat to the safety of coal mining enterprises and the self-safety of workers. threaten.
- the fracture characteristics of the rock formation in the water-conducting fracture zone formed by coal mining are not clear, especially for structural rock masses such as faults and collapsed columns, which are the main causes of mine water inrush. factor.
- the patent with application number 202010018566.2 discloses a drilling peeping device with a push mechanism, which can realize the use of the mechanism to push the drilling peeping equipment, observe the development of cracks in the borehole, and avoid manually sending the peeping probe into the borehole. It saves the physical strength of the operator, reduces the labor intensity of the operator, and saves working time.
- This patent can macroscopically detect the existence of cracks in the borehole wall, but cannot quantitatively describe the scale of the cracks, and cannot ascertain the expansion of the cracks.
- the patent application number 201910286888.2 discloses a test device and test method based on a double-ended water stopper, which integrates the blockage and water injection leakage structures into one box, which is easy to carry and assemble, and can measure the Hole wall water loss, through the analysis of borehole water loss, to measure the development of water-conducting fractures and the maximum development height of water-conducting fracture zones.
- This method is widely used in engineering However, this method can only roughly reflect the development of fractures through the amount of water loss, and cannot describe the development characteristics of water-conducting fractures quantitatively.
- the present invention provides a method for testing the development characteristics of cracks in roof and floor strata by using drilling glue injection, which is scientific in principle, easy to operate, and has high accuracy of test data; using a silica gel pumping device, the The rapid prototyping silica gel is injected into the small-aperture drill hole. After the silica gel is fully solidified, the core with the silica gel is taken out with a large-aperture coring drill bit. By measuring the shape of the silica gel entering the rock fracture, the conductance of the roof and floor of the coal seam can be quantitatively described.
- the development characteristics of water fissures have high theoretical research and field measurement significance.
- the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for testing the development characteristics of cracks in roof and floor slabs by injecting glue through drill holes, comprising the following steps:
- Drilling rigs are arranged in the roadway, and small-diameter drilling bits and drill pipes are used to drill holes according to the design requirements, without coring, and can be drilled directly;
- the present invention combines the existing testing technology and comprehensively utilizes liquid silica gel to facilitate The characteristics of forming and solidification provide a central support for the rock when coring.
- the fracture characteristics of the rock formation in the water-conducting fracture zone can be quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed.
- the present invention overcomes the disadvantages that peeking through boreholes can only qualitatively describe two-dimensional cracks, and double-ended water plugging can only vaguely describe the development characteristics of cracks quantitatively.
- the invention is scientific in principle, easy to operate, low in cost, and can accurately quantitatively and qualitatively grasp the development characteristics of cracks in boreholes. It can be applied to mines that need to test the development characteristics of water-conducting fracture zones and floor failure zones, and has great promotion value.
- Fig. 1 is the concrete construction position schematic diagram in roadway of the present invention
- Fig. 2 is the structural representation of glue injection mixing device among the present invention
- Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the glue injection drill bit used among the present invention.
- Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a silica gel core obtained by the core drill of the present invention.
- a kind of method of the present invention utilizes drilling glue injection to test the crack development feature of roof and floor strata, comprising the following steps:
- Drilling rigs are arranged in the roadway, and small-diameter drilling bits and drill pipes are used to drill holes according to the design requirements, without coring, and can be drilled directly;
- Step (1) is specifically: select the roadway suitable for drilling rig construction, according to the model of the drilling rig, in the roadway In the construction site, when the roadway space is not enough for drilling rig construction, the roadway should be widened to meet the construction requirements; when designing the drilling azimuth, the inclination angle of the roof drilling hole is 40-60°, and the inclination angle of the bottom plate drilling hole is at 60-90° is the optimal choice, which is beneficial for the liquid silicone to enter the surrounding cracks during the injection process.
- the glue injection drill bit includes a hollow hard glue injection pipe 2, the outer circle of the rear port of the hard glue injection pipe 2 is threadedly connected with the inner circle of the drill pipe 17 port, and the front end of the glue injection pipeline 1 extends into and is threaded inside the rear port of the hard glue injection pipe 2 , the outer circle of the hard rubber injection pipe 2 is fixed with several rubber sealing retaining rings 3, the rubber sealing retaining rings 3 are evenly spaced along the axial direction of the hard rubber injection pipe 2, and the outer edge of each rubber sealing retaining ring 3 is The front is inclined to form a conical shape with a thick front and a thin back.
- the glue injection mixing device includes a mixing tank 4 and a stirring motor 5 arranged on the top of the mixing tank 4.
- the upper side of the mixing tank 4 is provided with a high-pressure gas injection pipe 6, and the high-pressure gas injection pipe 6 is provided with an air valve 7 and a pressure gauge 8.
- 4 The lower side is provided with a silica gel outlet pipe 9, the silica gel outlet pipe 9 is provided with a discharge valve 10, the top of the mixing tank 4 is provided with a curing agent injection port 11 and a liquid silica gel injection port 12, and the main shaft of the stirring motor 5 is arranged vertically upwards and A stirring shaft 13 protruding into the mixing barrel 4 is connected to the coaxial transmission, and the stirring shaft 13 is provided with stirring blades 14 .
- step (4) the specific process of using the glue injection stirring device to connect the glue injection pipeline 1 for segmental glue injection is as follows: connect the glue injection pipeline 1 to the silicone outlet pipe 9 on the lower side of the mixing tank 4, and pass through the curing agent injection port. 11 and liquid silica gel injection port 12 respectively add the required ratio of curing agent and liquid silica gel to the mixing tank 4, start the stirring motor 5, and the stirring motor 5 drives the stirring shaft 13 and the stirring blade 14 to the curing agent and liquid silica gel in the mixing tank 4 Stirring, while stirring, the high-pressure gas injection pipe 6 is connected to the compressed air pipeline in the well, and the air valve 7 is opened.
- the pressure gauge 8 When the air pressure above the silica gel mixture in the mixing tank 4 is monitored by the pressure gauge 8, when the air pressure is about 1Mpa, open the discharge Valve 10, under the action of high-pressure gas, inject the silicone mixture into the rubber injection drill through the silicone outlet pipe 9 and the injection pipeline 1, and then inject it from the front port of the injection drill to the bottom of the drill hole and between the injection drill.
- the rubber sealing retaining ring 3 plays a role in preventing the overflow of the silicone rubber during the injection process. After injecting the glue for 30 seconds, and maintaining the pressure for 30 seconds at the same time, the 2-meter cavity is filled, and the silicone rubber is pressed into the drilled hole.
- the rubber sealing retaining ring 3 of the glue injection drill bit is kept at the position of the drilling hole for 0.5 to 1 day, and sealed Close the inlet of the injection rubber pipeline to prevent the liquid silica gel from solidifying and leaking, so as to ensure that the silica gel in the drill hole is in a saturated state, and avoid a large number of cavities in the core after solidification, which will cause the core to be taken out to be broken and unable to proceed to the next step research work.
- the concrete process of subsection coring operation in the step (6) is: the drilling rod 17 of large aperture and coring drill bit are installed on the drilling rig, according to the design azimuth angle of borehole, will be filled with silica gel along the centerline of borehole.
- the silica gel rock core is taken out in sections, and the silica gel rock core is the cylindrical rock 16 wrapped by the outer circle of the silica gel column 15, and the silica gel rock cores taken out in sections are put into the core box in order, and are marked according to the drilling depth; Take out all the injection parts.
- step (7) The specific process of step (7) is: perform CT scanning on the taken out silica gel core, three-dimensionally reconstruct the columnar shape of each section of silica gel core on the computer, and quantitatively analyze the development characteristics of the whole or a certain section of the fracture through the computer; the scanned silica gel
- the rock core is broken into peripheral rocks 16, and the silica gel column 15 with cracks is taken out, and the situation of diffusion of silica gel in the cracks is macroscopically analyzed to reflect the degree of fragmentation of the rocks in the cracks.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
一种利用钻孔注胶测试顶底板岩层裂隙发育特征的方法，包括以下步骤：(1)在井下巷道内选择合适钻孔位置；(2)钻取小孔径钻孔；(3)将注胶钻头推进钻孔内部，最终使注胶钻头前端距离钻孔孔底2m的位置停止；(4)使用注胶搅拌装置连接注胶管路进行分段注胶作业；(5)静置注胶钻头0.5～1天后，待硅胶已完全凝固后取出注胶钻头；(6)分段取芯作业，将取出的硅胶岩芯全部运送至实验室内；(7)对取出的硅胶岩芯进行测试研究分析。本发明原理科学，方便操作，成本低廉，且能够精准定量和定性掌握钻孔内裂隙发育特征，在需要进行导水裂隙带和底板破坏带发育特征测试的矿井都可应用，十分具有推广价值。
Description
本发明属于煤矿开采技术领域，具体涉及一种利用钻孔注胶测试顶底板岩层裂隙发育特征的方法。
现阶段煤作为我国主体能源是必要的，否则不足以支撑国家现代化，但煤炭开采过程中伴随着较多的灾害发生，尤其是顶底板水害，对煤矿企业安全生产和工人自安全构成了较大威胁。特别是针对顶板含水层下煤炭开采和底板承压水上煤炭开采，煤炭开采形成的导水裂隙带岩层破碎特征不清楚，尤其是对于断层、陷落柱等构造岩体，是造成矿井突水的主要因素。通过前期几十年的煤炭开采已经积累了一定导水裂隙带探测方法和经验，例如：采用双端堵水器测试钻孔的漏水量来评价导水裂隙的最大高度，采用钻孔窥视系统观察钻孔内壁的破碎情况来判断导水裂隙带的最大高度等，以上方法只能从一定角度判断导水裂隙带的发育高度，并不能定量的描述导水裂隙带内裂隙的发育特征，并不能准确的指导煤矿安全高效生产。因此，探索一种可以定量描述钻孔顶底板岩层裂隙发育特征的方法，是现阶段煤矿安全高效绿色开采的重要现实需求。
申请号为202010018566.2的专利公开一种具有推送机构的钻孔窥视设备，它可以实现利用机构推送钻孔窥视装备，观测钻孔内裂隙的发育情况，避免了人工将窥视探头送入钻孔中，节省了操作人员的体力，减轻了操作人员的劳动强度，节省了工作时间。此专利可以宏观探测钻孔孔壁的裂隙存在情况，但不能定量描述裂隙的尺度，且不能探明裂隙的扩展情况。
申请号为201910286888.2的专利公开一种基于双端堵水器的测试装置及测试方法，它将封堵和注水漏失结构集成在一个箱体中，便于携带和装配，可测量钻孔内一定区间的孔壁水漏失量，通过分析钻孔水的漏失量，来测量导水裂隙的发育状况及导水裂隙带的最大发育高度。该方法在工程中应用广
泛，但该方法只能通过水漏失量大致反映裂隙发育情况，并不能精细化定量描述导水裂隙发育特征。
因此，设计一种利用钻孔注胶测试顶底板岩层裂隙发育特征的方法尤为重要，通过向小孔径钻孔内部泵注快速定型硅胶，代硅胶凝固后，利用大钻孔取芯钻机，将带有硅胶的岩芯取出，定量测试导水裂隙发育特征。
发明内容
本发明为了解决现有技术中的不足之处，提供一种原理科学、易于操作、测试数据精确度高的利用钻孔注胶测试顶底板岩层裂隙发育特征的方法；利用硅胶泵送装置，将快速成型硅胶注入小孔径钻孔中，待硅胶充分凝固后，采用大孔径取芯钻头，将带有硅胶的岩芯取出，通过测定硅胶进入岩石裂隙内的形态，进而可以定量描述煤层顶底板导水裂隙的发育特征，具有较高的理论研究和现场实测意义。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：一种利用钻孔注胶测试顶底板岩层裂隙发育特征的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)在井下巷道内选择合适钻孔位置；
(2)在巷道内布置钻机，采用小孔径的钻孔钻头和钻杆，根据设计要求打孔，无需取芯，直接钻进即可；
(3)完成打孔后，将钻孔钻头和钻杆退出钻孔，卸下钻孔钻头，将注胶钻头安装到钻杆上，与注胶钻头连接的注胶管路穿过中空的钻杆，操控钻机，缓慢将注胶钻头推进钻孔内部，最终使注胶钻头前端距离钻孔孔底2m的位置停止；
(4)使用注胶搅拌装置连接注胶管路进行分段注胶作业，每注完一段后操控钻机，使钻杆和注胶钻头向钻孔的孔口外移动一段距离，直到将钻孔内部全部注胶后完成注胶作业，此时注胶钻头后端与钻孔孔口齐平；
(5)静置注胶钻头0.5～1天后，待硅胶已完全凝固后取出注胶钻头，并对注胶搅拌装置、管路及注胶钻头进行清理，以备下次使用；
(6)分段取芯作业，将取出的硅胶岩芯全部运送至实验室内；
(7)对取出的硅胶岩芯进行测试研究分析。
采用上述技术方案，本发明结合现有的测试技术，综合利用液体硅胶易
成型和凝固的特点，为岩石在取芯时提供中心支撑，通过钻取注胶后的岩芯可以定量和定性分析导水裂隙带内岩层破碎特征。与以往技术相比，本发明克服了钻孔窥视只能定性描述二维裂隙，以及双端堵水只能模糊定量描述裂隙发育特征的缺点。本发明原理科学，方便操作，成本低廉，且能够精准定量和定性掌握钻孔内裂隙发育特征，在需要进行导水裂隙带和底板破坏带发育特征测试的矿井都可应用，十分具有推广价值。
图1是本发明在巷道内具体施工位置示意图；
图2是本发明中注胶搅拌装置的结构示意图；
图3是本发明中所用到的注胶钻头的结构示意图；
图4是本发明取芯钻取得的硅胶岩芯的示意图。
如图1-图4所示，本发明的一种利用钻孔注胶测试顶底板岩层裂隙发育特征的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)在井下巷道内选择合适钻孔位置；
(2)在巷道内布置钻机，采用小孔径的钻孔钻头和钻杆，根据设计要求打孔，无需取芯，直接钻进即可；
(3)完成打孔后，将钻孔钻头和钻杆退出钻孔，卸下钻孔钻头，将注胶钻头安装到钻杆上，与注胶钻头连接的注胶管路1穿过中空的钻杆，操控钻机，缓慢将注胶钻头推进钻孔内部，最终使注胶钻头前端距离钻孔孔底2m的位置停止；
(4)使用注胶搅拌装置连接注胶管路1进行分段注胶作业，每注完一段后操控钻机，使钻杆和注胶钻头向钻孔的孔口外移动一段距离，直到将钻孔内部全部注胶后完成注胶作业，此时注胶钻头后端与钻孔孔口齐平；
(5)静置注胶钻头0.5～1天后，待硅胶已完全凝固后取出注胶钻头，并对注胶搅拌装置、管路及注胶钻头进行清理，以备下次使用；
(6)分段取芯作业，将取出的硅胶岩芯全部运送至实验室内；
(7)对取出的硅胶岩芯进行测试研究分析。
步骤(1)具体为：选择适合钻机施工的巷道，根据钻机的型号，在巷道
内布设施工场地，在巷道空间不足以钻机施工时，应当对巷道进行扩宽，以满足施工要求；设计打钻钻孔方位时，顶板钻孔的倾角在40～60°，底板钻孔倾角在60～90°为最优选择，这样有利于注胶工序时液体硅胶进入周围裂缝中。
注胶钻头包括空心的硬质注胶管2，硬质注胶管2后端口外圆与钻杆17端口内圆螺纹连接，注胶管路1前端伸入并螺纹连接在硬质注胶管2后端口内部，硬质注胶管2外圆固定设有若干个橡胶密封挡圈3，橡胶密封挡圈3沿硬质注胶管2的轴向方向均匀间隔布置，每个橡胶密封挡圈3的外边缘均向前倾斜形成前粗后细的圆锥筒状。
注胶搅拌装置包括搅拌桶4和设置在搅拌桶4顶部的搅拌电机5，搅拌桶4上侧部设有高压注气管6，高压注气管6上设有气阀7和压力表8，搅拌桶4下侧部设有硅胶出口管9，硅胶出口管9上设有出料阀10，搅拌桶4顶部设有固化剂注入口11和液体硅胶注入口12，搅拌电机5的主轴垂直向上设置并同轴向传动连接有伸入到搅拌桶4内的搅拌轴13，搅拌轴13上设有搅拌叶片14。
步骤(4)中使用注胶搅拌装置连接注胶管路1进行分段注胶作业的具体过程为：将注胶管路1与搅拌桶4下侧部的硅胶出口管9连接，通过固化剂注入口11和液体硅胶注入口12向搅拌桶4内分别加入要求比例的固化剂和液体硅胶，启动搅拌电机5，搅拌电机5带动搅拌轴13和搅拌叶片14对搅拌桶4内的固化剂和液体硅胶进行搅拌，在搅拌的同时，高压注气管6连接井下的压缩空气管路，打开气阀7，通过压力表8监到当搅拌桶4内硅胶混合体上方的气压在1Mpa左右时，打开出料阀10，在高压气体的作用下，将硅胶混合体通过硅胶出口管9、注胶管路1注入到注胶钻头内，再由注胶钻头的前端口注入到钻孔孔底到注胶钻头之间的2米空腔内，注胶过程中橡胶密封挡圈3起到阻挡硅胶外溢出的作用，在注胶30s,同时保压30s，2米空腔注满，硅胶被压入到钻孔孔壁的裂隙内，关闭出料阀10，操作操作钻机将注胶钻头向后回撤2m，再次打开出料阀10，对2米空腔再次按照上述注胶过程进行操作，在注胶30s,同时保压30s，2米空腔注满，硅胶被压入到钻孔孔壁的裂隙内，关闭出料阀10；按照上述注胶方式依次重复以上操作，直至全孔注胶完毕。注胶钻头的橡胶密封挡圈3保持在钻孔口位置0.5～1天，并封
闭注胶管路进口，防止液体硅胶凝固漏失，这样可以保证钻孔内的硅胶处于饱和状态，避免在凝固后不会出现岩芯内有大量空洞，导致取出的岩芯较为破碎，无法进行下一步研究工作。
步骤(6)中分段取芯作业的具体过程为：在钻机上安装大孔径的钻杆17和取芯钻头，根据钻孔的设计方位角，沿着钻孔的中心线将注满硅胶的硅胶岩芯分段取出，硅胶岩芯为硅胶柱15外圆包裹圆筒状的岩石16，将分段取出的硅胶岩芯按顺序放入岩芯盒中，并按打孔深度进行标记；直至将注胶段全部取出。
步骤(7)的具体过程为：将取出的硅胶岩芯进行CT扫描，在计算机上三维重构每一段硅胶岩芯的柱状，可通过计算机定量分析整体或某一段裂隙发育特征；扫描后的硅胶岩芯，敲碎外围岩石16，取出带有裂隙的硅胶柱15，通过宏观分析硅胶在裂隙内扩散的情况，来反映裂隙带内岩石的破碎程度。
Claims (7)
- 一种利用钻孔注胶测试顶底板岩层裂隙发育特征的方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：(1)在井下巷道内选择合适钻孔位置；(2)在巷道内布置钻机，采用小孔径的钻孔钻头和钻杆，根据设计要求打孔，无需取芯，直接钻进即可；(3)完成打孔后，将钻孔钻头和钻杆退出钻孔，卸下钻孔钻头，将注胶钻头安装到钻杆上，与注胶钻头连接的注胶管路穿过中空的钻杆，操控钻机，缓慢将注胶钻头推进钻孔内部，最终使注胶钻头前端距离钻孔孔底2m的位置停止；(4)使用注胶搅拌装置连接注胶管路进行分段注胶作业，每注完一段后操控钻机，使钻杆和注胶钻头向钻孔的孔口外移动一段距离，直到将钻孔内部全部注胶后完成注胶作业，此时注胶钻头后端与钻孔孔口齐平；(5)静置注胶钻头0.5～1天后，待硅胶已完全凝固后取出注胶钻头，并对注胶搅拌装置、管路及注胶钻头进行清理，以备下次使用；(6)分段取芯作业，将取出的硅胶岩芯全部运送至实验室内；(7)对取出的硅胶岩芯进行测试研究分析。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种利用钻孔注胶测试顶底板岩层裂隙发育特征的方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)具体为：选择适合钻机施工的巷道，根据钻机的型号，在巷道内布设施工场地，在巷道空间不足以钻机施工时，应当对巷道进行扩宽，以满足施工要求；设计打钻钻孔方位时，顶板钻孔的倾角在40～60°，底板钻孔倾角在60～90°为最优选择，这样有利于注胶工序时液体硅胶进入周围裂缝中。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种利用钻孔注胶测试顶底板岩层裂隙发育特征的方法，其特征在于：注胶钻头包括空心的硬质注胶管，硬质注胶管后端口外圆与钻杆端口内圆螺纹连接，注胶管注胶管路前端伸入并螺纹连接在硬质注胶管后端口内部，硬质注胶管外圆固定设有若干个橡胶密封挡圈，橡胶密封挡圈沿硬质注胶管的轴向方向均匀间隔布置，每个橡胶密封挡圈的外边缘均向前倾斜形成前粗后细的圆锥筒状。
- 根据权利要求3所述的一种利用钻孔注胶测试顶底板岩层裂隙发育特 征的方法，其特征在于：注胶搅拌装置包括搅拌桶和设置在搅拌桶顶部的搅拌电机，搅拌桶上侧部设有高压注气管，高压注气管上设有气阀和压力表，搅拌桶下侧部设有硅胶出口管，硅胶出口管上设有出料阀，搅拌桶顶部设有固化剂注入口和液体硅胶注入口，搅拌电机的主轴垂直向上设置并同轴向传动连接有伸入到搅拌桶内的搅拌轴，搅拌轴上设有搅拌叶片。
- 根据权利要求4所述的一种利用钻孔注胶测试顶底板岩层裂隙发育特征的方法，其特征在于：步骤(4)中使用注胶搅拌装置连接注胶管路进行分段注胶作业的具体过程为：将注胶管路与搅拌桶下侧部的硅胶出口管连接，通过固化剂注入口和液体硅胶注入口向搅拌桶内分别加入要求比例的固化剂和液体硅胶，启动搅拌电机，搅拌电机带动搅拌轴和搅拌叶片对搅拌桶内的固化剂和液体硅胶进行搅拌，在搅拌的同时，高压注气管连接井下的压缩空气管路，打开气阀，通过压力表监到当搅拌桶内硅胶混合体上方的气压在1Mpa左右时，打开出料阀，在高压气体的作用下，将硅胶混合体通过硅胶出口管、注胶管路注入到注胶钻头内，再由注胶钻头的前端口注入到钻孔孔底到注胶钻头之间的2米空腔内，注胶过程中橡胶密封挡圈起到阻挡硅胶外溢出的作用，在注胶30s，同时保压30s，2米空腔注满，硅胶被压入到钻孔孔壁的裂隙内，关闭出料阀，操作操作钻机将注胶钻头向后回撤2m，再次打开出料阀，对2米空腔再次按照上述注胶过程进行操作，在注胶30s，同时保压30s，2米空腔注满，硅胶被压入到钻孔孔壁的裂隙内，关闭出料阀；按照上述注胶方式依次重复以上操作，直至全孔注胶完毕。
- 根据权利要求5所述的一种利用钻孔注胶测试顶底板岩层裂隙发育特征的方法，其特征在于：步骤(6)中分段取芯作业的具体过程为：在钻机上安装大孔径的钻杆和取芯钻头，根据钻孔的设计方位角，沿着钻孔的中心线将注满硅胶的硅胶岩芯分段取出，硅胶岩芯为硅胶柱外圆包裹圆筒状的岩石，将分段取出的硅胶岩芯按顺序放入岩芯盒中，并按打孔深度进行标记；直至将注胶段全部取出。
- 根据权利要求6所述的一种利用钻孔注胶测试顶底板岩层裂隙发育特征的方法，其特征在于：步骤(7)的具体过程为：将取出的硅胶岩芯进行CT扫描，在计算机上三维重构每一段硅胶岩芯的柱状，可通过计算机定量分析整体或某一段裂隙发育特征；扫描后的硅胶岩芯，敲碎外围岩石，取出 带有裂隙的硅胶柱，通过宏观分析硅胶在裂隙内扩散的情况，来反映裂隙带内岩石的破碎程度。
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| CN114837661A (zh) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-08-02 | 河南理工大学 | 一种利用钻孔注胶测试顶底板岩层裂隙发育特征的方法 |
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| US4694916A (en) * | 1986-09-22 | 1987-09-22 | R. C. Ltd. | Continuous coring drill bit |
| CN104265219A (zh) * | 2014-09-19 | 2015-01-07 | 中国矿业大学 | 一种岩芯原状结构识别装置和方法 |
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| CN210104590U (zh) * | 2019-02-19 | 2020-02-21 | 浙江宏盛工程设计有限公司 | 一种板梁铰缝注胶装置 |
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