WO2016078165A1 - 天然气水合物地层钻井模拟装置 - Google Patents

天然气水合物地层钻井模拟装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016078165A1
WO2016078165A1 PCT/CN2014/093238 CN2014093238W WO2016078165A1 WO 2016078165 A1 WO2016078165 A1 WO 2016078165A1 CN 2014093238 W CN2014093238 W CN 2014093238W WO 2016078165 A1 WO2016078165 A1 WO 2016078165A1
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Prior art keywords
drilling
mud
simulation
hydrate
wellbore
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PCT/CN2014/093238
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李小森
张郁
王屹
李刚
陈朝阳
黄宁生
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中国科学院广州能源研究所
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Priority to US14/765,684 priority Critical patent/US9790743B2/en
Publication of WO2016078165A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016078165A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/001—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor specially adapted for underwater drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
    • E21B41/0099—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00 specially adapted for drilling for or production of natural hydrate or clathrate gas reservoirs; Drilling through or monitoring of formations containing gas hydrates or clathrates
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/001—Survey of boreholes or wells for underwater installation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/007—Measuring stresses in a pipe string or casing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
    • E21B47/07—Temperature
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/001—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells specially adapted for underwater installations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/24—Earth materials
    • G01N33/241—Earth materials for hydrocarbon content
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B2200/00—Special features related to earth drilling for obtaining oil, gas or water
    • E21B2200/04—Ball valves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drilling simulation device, in particular to an experimental simulation device for simulating a natural gas hydrate formation drilling process under different working conditions.
  • Natural Gas Hydrate has the advantages of large reserves, wide distribution, high energy density, clean and environmental protection, etc. It is considered to be the most important clean alternative energy source in the 21st century. It is of great scientific and practical significance to carry out NGH research.
  • NGH research includes resource surveys and evaluations, mining techniques, safety and environmental impacts.
  • economic, efficient and safe NGH mining technology is the decisive factor for the development of NGH resources.
  • the research content of NGH mining technology mainly includes drilling, decomposition, gas production and environmental impact.
  • NGH drilling technology is the basis and prerequisite for NGH mining.
  • simulation studies on NGH drilling Although a certain frozen ground area and marine NGH site exploration sampling drilling and a small amount of trial drilling have been carried out, there is a big difference between NGH exploration sampling drilling and productive mining drilling. Therefore, research on NGH mining drilling technology is carried out on NGH. The exploitation and utilization of resources is crucial.
  • NGH natural gas hydrate
  • its formation and stability require a very special high-pressure and low-temperature environment.
  • the process of cutting the rock by the drill bit, the bottom hole and the borehole wall and core The friction generates a large amount of heat and the release of stresses in the wellbore and near the bottom of the well, which can cause the decomposition of NGH to produce gas and decompose water.
  • the decomposition of NGH can cause serious damage to drilling quality, drilling speed, equipment and so on.
  • the gas after the gas enters the drilling fluid, it circulates with the drilling fluid, which reduces the density of the drilling fluid, which leads to a decrease in the hydrostatic pressure at the bottom of the well, accelerates the decomposition of NGH, and manifests itself as a vicious circle, which eventually leads to the decomposition of a large amount of hydrate at the bottom of the well.
  • Accidents such as serious expansion of well diameter, blowout, well collapse, casing deformation and ground subsidence.
  • NGH mining drilling research methods can be divided into three types: laboratory simulation, numerical simulation and field test.
  • field test is costly and costly, and is only suitable for countries where NGH physical samples have been found; although numerical simulation is low, it must be It is based on the basic data obtained by experimental simulation and the basic laws.
  • the experimental simulation is to establish an experimental simulation instrument and equipment in the laboratory, and to simulate the natural environment NGH collection environment by controlling the temperature, pressure and medium conditions of the simulation equipment. Its formation, the regularity of the drilling process and the mechanism of its impact. Because the experimental simulation research is low cost and is the basis of other research, the NGH drilling experimental simulation research has become the most feasible research method for the current NGH drilling technology research.
  • the bottleneck problem that restricts the development of NGH drilling experimental simulation research is the lack of detection methods and experimental instruments for real-time, in-situ, rapid and accurate determination of phase change and occurrence characteristics of NGH during high pressure and low temperature. This is mainly due to the NGH formation.
  • the conditions (high pressure, low temperature) are harsh and the experimental medium is complex, which makes the existing oil and gas drilling simulation device and detection instrument can not be applied to the NGH drilling simulation research, and must be redesigned and manufactured to make it both high pressure resistant and high test accuracy.
  • a natural gas hydrate drilling simulation simulation device for the problems existing in the natural gas hydrate drilling simulation process, which can simulate the natural gas hydrate formation drilling process under low temperature and high pressure, and carry out different formation conditions. Drilling experiments and drilling parameters are determined under working conditions, so that the drill bit, weight-on-bit, rotational speed and drilling fluid type are optimized, and the drilling process risk is evaluated and controlled.
  • a natural gas hydrate drilling simulation device comprising a hydrate core simulation system, a drilling system, a drilling fluid injection system, and a drilling fluid treatment system; wherein:
  • the hydrate core simulation system includes a hydrate formation simulation wellbore, an artificial core, a water bath jacket, a low temperature water bath; the artificial core is filled in a lumen of a hydrate formation simulating a wellbore, and the water bath jacket is wrapped in a hydrate formation Simulating the outside of the wellbore, the low temperature water bath is connected to the water bath jacket to control the temperature of the hydrate formation to simulate the internal environment of the wellbore;
  • the drilling system comprises a bracket, a high pressure transfer device, a hydraulic device, a drilling device, wherein the high pressure transfer device is a hollow structure fixedly mounted on the upper side of the simulated wellbore of the hydrate formation, and the hollow structure and the hydrate formation simulation
  • the bracket comprises a base, a column, a wellbore fixing bracket, a joint fixing bracket, a motor platform, the pillar is installed on one side of the base, the wellbore fixing bracket, the coupling bracket and the motor platform
  • One side is fixedly connected to the column, and the other side thereof is fixedly connected with the hydrate formation simulation wellbore, the high pressure transfer device and the drilling device, respectively,
  • the drilling device comprises a drill pipe, and the drill pipe extends into the high pressure
  • the hollow structure of the transfer device extends into the hydrate formation to simulate the inner cavity of the wellbore;
  • the hydraulic device is coupled to the drill pipe for providing the required downforce to the drill pipe;
  • the drilling fluid injection system includes a mud tank, a mud cooling device, a stirring device, a first mud pump, a heater, a second mud pump, a drilling fluid flow meter, and a relief valve.
  • the inlet lines of the first mud pump and the second mud pump are connected to the mud tank, the outlet line of the first mud pump is connected to the heater, and the second mud pump outlet line and the heater outlet line are merged through the three-way joint, the three-way joint
  • a temperature sensor is provided at the outlet for measuring the mud temperature.
  • the mixed mud After the mixed mud is connected, it is divided into two paths through the three-way joint, one way is connected to the mud inlet through the drilling fluid flowmeter through the pipeline, and one way is connected to the mud tank through the overflow valve.
  • the mud tank is provided with a mud cooling device and a stirring device.
  • the second mud pump is first started to provide two parameters of input mud pressure and mud flow rate; secondly, the relief valve opening degree is adjusted to control the simulated bottom hole pressure value.
  • the drilling fluid is injected into the drill pipe through the mud pump, flows out of the drill bit through the one-way valve, and flows out from the mud outlet from the annulus between the drill pipe and the wellbore.
  • the second mud pump and the overflow valve were used to control the mud flow, and the low-speed flow pump and the heater were used to control the mud temperature.
  • the drilling fluid treatment system comprises a high pressure sand remover, a back pressure and overflow control system, a gas liquid separator, a gas flow meter, a liquid flow meter; the inlet of the high pressure sand remover passes through the pipeline and the high pressure transfer device
  • the set mud outlet is connected, the outlet of the high pressure sand remover is connected to the gas-liquid separator through the back pressure and overflow control system, the gas flowing out of the gas-liquid separator is metered by the gas flow meter, and the liquid flowing out of the gas-liquid separator is returned to the mud.
  • the inlet of the high pressure sand remover passes through the pipeline and the high pressure transfer device
  • the set mud outlet is connected, the outlet of the high pressure sand remover is connected to the gas-liquid separator through the back pressure and overflow control system, the gas flowing out of the gas-liquid separator is metered by the gas flow meter, and the liquid flowing out of the gas-liquid separator is returned to the mud.
  • the hydrate formation simulates the inner cavity of the wellbore as a cube of 180 mm ⁇ 180 mm ⁇ 180 mm, which is resistant
  • the pressure range is 0 to 30 MPa.
  • the hydrate formation simulation wellbore comprises a cylinder body, an upper flange and a lower flange, wherein the upper flange and the lower flange are respectively fixed on upper and lower sides of the cylinder; the high pressure transfer device and the upper flange Fixing, the lower flange and the upper flange are respectively provided with a gas-liquid inlet and a gas-liquid outlet communicating with the hydrate formation to simulate the inner cavity of the wellbore.
  • the gas-liquid inlet can be externally connected to the gas injection device and the vacuum device.
  • the lower flange is provided with a temperature and pressure measurement interface and a stress measurement interface.
  • the hydraulic device is composed of a fuel tank, a hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic pump. One end of the hydraulic pump is connected through a fuel pipe and a fuel tank, and the other end is connected with a hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic cylinder provides a downforce required for drilling.
  • the drilling device further includes a servo motor, a first gear, a second gear, and a drill.
  • the servo motor is mounted on the motor platform, and the rotating shaft of the servo motor is coupled to the first gear, and the second gear sleeve is engaged with the first gear.
  • the surface opening of the rod is used to inject drilling fluid into the cavity of the drill pipe through the mud inlet.
  • the drill has a maximum drilling distance of 150 mm in the artificial core, a drill diameter of 25 mm, and a drill pipe diameter of 16 mm.
  • the high-pressure transfer device comprises a gland, an upper guide sleeve, a first composite dynamic seal ring, a transfer unit cylinder, a lower guide sleeve, a second composite dynamic seal ring, a lower compression sleeve, a snap ring, a high pressure ball valve, and a mud inlet
  • the upper guide sleeve is fixed to the upper end of the high-pressure transfer device, and the first composite dynamic seal ring and the second composite dynamic seal ring are disposed at a gap between the hollow structure of the high-pressure transfer device and the drill pipe.
  • first composite dynamic sealing ring is located on the upper side of the mud inlet and is fixed with the upper guiding sleeve
  • second composite dynamic sealing ring is located between the mud inlet and the mud outlet
  • the upper end of the lower pressing sleeve is fixed with the second composite dynamic sealing ring
  • the second composite dynamic sealing ring is pressed, and is fixed to the outer side of the upper end of the lower pressing sleeve by a snap ring, and the lower end of the lower pressing sleeve is fixed to the upper flange by a bolt.
  • the bottom of the hollow structure of the high-pressure transfer device is provided with a high-pressure ball valve at the junction with the simulated wellbore of the hydrate formation, and the high-pressure ball valve is closed before the drilling process begins.
  • the artificial core is pressed by quartz sand mixed epoxy resin.
  • the size of the artificial core is the same as that of the hydrate formation in the simulated wellbore.
  • the artificial core is arranged with temperature and pressure measuring points inside, and the hydrate formation simulates the inner wall of the wellbore side.
  • a stress measuring point is arranged, and the sensor corresponding to the temperature pressure measuring point and the stress measuring point is led out through the measuring interface on the lower flange to the hydrate formation to simulate the wellbore.
  • the inside of the artificial core is provided with three detection layers along the height direction of the hydrate formation simulation wellbore, which are respectively an upper detection layer, a middle detection layer and a lower detection layer inside the corresponding hydrate layer; the three detection layers will be hydrate formation
  • the inner cavity of the simulated wellbore is divided into 4 equal parts; each detection layer plane is divided into a grid of 36 mm ⁇ 36 mm, and a temperature measuring sensor and a pressure sensor are disposed at each grid node.
  • the hydrate formation simulates nine stress measurement points on the inner wall of one side of the wellbore, and the nine stress measurement points are evenly distributed on the inner wall by a 3 ⁇ 3 distribution.
  • the gas hydrate drilling simulation device further comprises a detection system, which is mainly composed of a drilling parameter detection system and a core parameter detection system, wherein the drilling parameter detection system mainly comprises a drilling pressure sensor, a torque sensor, a rotation speed sensor, a footage sensor,
  • the core parameter detection system is mainly composed of a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and a stress sensor.
  • Other measurement parameters include drilling fluid flow, gas flow, and the like. The data obtained by the measurement can be collected and recorded by the data acquisition instrument and the computer.
  • the gas hydrate drilling simulation device of the present invention can measure the temperature change and distribution of the hydrate simulation layer in the drilling process in real time.
  • the experimental device can detect the change of the hydrate layer stress during the drilling process.
  • the core can be taken out to analyze the damage of the borehole wall and core.
  • the natural gas hydrate drilling simulation device of the invention can simulate different hydrate core conditions, different drilling speeds and different drilling fluid ratio conditions, and can control the drilling fluid flow rate and temperature during the drilling process in real time to meet the needs of different working conditions. Comprehensive assessment of the hydrate formation drilling process.
  • the natural gas hydrate drilling simulation device of the invention can perform relevant simulation tests on various downhole working conditions environments, and has the characteristics of convenient operation and simple structure, thereby providing indoor test data for evaluating natural gas hydrate drilling safety control and drilling plan formulation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a natural gas hydrate drilling simulation device of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of a hydrate formation simulation wellbore and a high pressure transfer device in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the layer B of Figure 2;
  • the natural gas hydrate drilling simulation device of the invention can perform simulation experiments of natural gas hydrate formation drilling process under different core characteristics, hydrate saturation and different drilling conditions, optimize drilling conditions and comprehensively evaluate drilling process risk control.
  • FIG. 1-3 See Figure 1-3 for a gas hydrate drilling simulation installation that includes a hydrate core simulation system, a drilling system, a drilling fluid injection system, a drilling fluid treatment system, and a detection system.
  • the hydrate core simulation system includes a hydrate formation simulation wellbore 1, an artificial core 35, a water bath jacket 30, and a low temperature water bath 27.
  • the hydrate formation simulates the inside of the wellbore 1 as a cube of 180 mm ⁇ 180 mm ⁇ 180 mm, and the withstand voltage range is generally 0 to 30 MPa.
  • the hydrate formation simulates the wellbore 1 by the upper flange 31, the cylinder 32 and the lower flange 33 fixedly sealed by a plurality of bolts to form a lumen.
  • a gas-liquid inlet 28 is disposed in the middle of the lower flange 33, and a gas-liquid outlet 34 is disposed on the upper flange 31.
  • the gas-liquid inlet 28 can be externally connected to the gas injection liquid injection device and the vacuuming device.
  • the lower flange 33 is provided with a temperature and pressure measurement interface and a stress measurement interface, wherein the temperature and pressure measurement interface is correspondingly provided with a temperature and pressure measuring conduit 29 for connecting the temperature or pressure sensor lead at the temperature and pressure measuring point to the hydrate formation simulation wellbore
  • the stress measurement interface is provided with a stress measuring conduit.
  • the artificial core 35 is made of quartz sand mixed epoxy resin, and the size and hydrate formation simulation wellbore 1
  • the inner cavity is of the same size, the temperature core is arranged inside the artificial core 35, and the hydrate formation simulates the side of the inner wall of the wellbore 1 with stress measuring points, and leads the hydrate formation to simulate the wellbore through the measuring interface on the lower flange 33. 1 outside.
  • a hydrate layer is formed in the cavity.
  • the hydrate layer is divided into three detection layers in the depth direction, which are respectively the upper detection layer, the middle detection layer and the lower detection layer inside the corresponding hydrate layer.
  • the three detection layers divide the simulation cavity into four equal parts; 16 temperature and pressure measurement points are respectively arranged on each detection layer plane; each detection layer plane is divided into 36mm ⁇ 36mm grids, and each measurement point is located in the grid. At the node.
  • the hydrate formation simulates nine stress measurement points on the inner wall of the wellbore 1 and is evenly distributed on the inner wall by a 3 ⁇ 3 distribution.
  • the water bath jacket 30 is wrapped outside the simulated wellbore of the hydrate formation, and the water bath jacket 30 is connected to the low temperature water bath 27 for controlling the temperature of the hydrate formation to simulate the internal environment of the wellbore 1.
  • the entire experimental setup was placed in a low temperature chamber simultaneously to increase the stability of the system operating temperature.
  • the drilling system comprises a bracket, a high pressure transfer device 2, a hydraulic device and a drilling device.
  • the bracket comprises a base 4, a column 3, a wellbore fixing bracket 5, a coupling fixture bracket 6, and a motor platform 7, and the column 3 is mounted on both sides of the base 4.
  • the wellbore fixing bracket 5, the coupling fixture fixing bracket 6 and the motor platform 7 are mounted on the pillar 3.
  • the high pressure transfer device 2 comprises a gland 36, an upper guide bush 37, a composite dynamic seal ring 38, a transfer unit cylinder 39, a lower guide sleeve 40, a composite dynamic seal ring 41, a lower press sleeve 42, a snap ring 43, and a high pressure ball valve. 49.
  • the mud inlet 44 and the mud outlet 45 are comprised.
  • the upper guide sleeve 37 is fixed to the upper end of the high-pressure transfer device 2, and the composite dynamic seal ring 38 and the composite dynamic seal ring 41 are disposed at the gap between the hollow structure of the high-pressure transfer device 2 and the drill pipe 46, and the composite dynamic seal ring 38 is located on the upper side of the mud inlet 44 and is fixed to the upper guide sleeve 37.
  • the composite dynamic sealing ring 41 is located between the mud inlet 44 and the mud outlet 45, and the mud enters the composite dynamic sealing ring 38 from the mud tank 14 through the mud inlet 44 and the composite movement
  • the cavity is drilled into the cavity of the drill pipe 46, and then flows through the check valve 48 to the drill bit 47, and the lower press sleeve
  • the upper end of the 42 is fixed to the composite dynamic sealing ring 41 for pressing the composite dynamic sealing ring 41, and is fixed to the outer side of the upper end of the lower pressing sleeve 42 by the snap ring 43, and the lower end of the lower pressing sleeve 42 passes through the bolt and the upper flange.
  • the bottom of the hollow structure is located at the junction with the hydrate formation simulation wellbore 1 with a high pressure ball valve 49, and the high pressure ball valve 49 is closed before the drilling process begins.
  • the hydraulic device is composed of a fuel tank 11, a hydraulic cylinder 12 and a hydraulic pump 13. One end of the hydraulic pump 13 is connected through the oil pipe and the oil tank 11, and the other end is connected to the hydraulic oil cylinder 12, and the hydraulic oil cylinder 12 provides the drilling required. Down pressure.
  • the drilling device is composed of a servo motor 8, a gear 9, a gear 10, a drill pipe 46, and a drill bit 47.
  • the drilling device further includes a servo motor 8, a gear 9, a gear 10, a drill bit 47, and the servo motor 8 is mounted on the motor platform 7.
  • the rotating shaft of the servo motor 8 is coupled to the gear 9, and the gear 10 meshing with the gear 9 is fixedly sleeved on the drill pipe 46; the output end of the drill pipe 46 is connected to the drill bit 47, and the drill pipe 46 is a cavity structure in the cavity.
  • a one-way valve 48 is installed, the outer diameter of the drill pipe 46 being smaller than the inner diameter of the hollow structure of the high pressure transfer device 2, and the surface opening of the drill pipe 46 for drilling fluid into the cavity of the drill pipe 46 through the mud inlet 44.
  • the drill bit 47 has a maximum drilling distance of 150 mm in the core, a drill diameter of 25 mm, and a drill pipe 46 diameter of 16 mm.
  • the drilling fluid injection system includes a mud tank 14, a mud cooling device 15, a stirring device 16, a low speed mud pump 17, a heater 18, a high speed mud pump 19, a drilling fluid flow meter 20, and a relief valve 21.
  • the inlet lines of the mud pump 17 and the mud pump 19 are connected to the mud tank 14, and the outlet line of the mud pump 17 is connected to the inlet line of the heater 18.
  • the tee joint includes an inlet and two outlets, wherein the inlet merges the outlet line of the mud pump 19 with the outlet line of the heater 18, that is, the mud tank 14 is mixed with the mud conveyed by the mud pump 17 and the mud pump 19 to output to the tee joint.
  • the mixed slurry is divided into two paths through the two outlets of the three-way joint, one through which the slurry is connected to the mud inlet 44 via the drilling fluid flow meter 20, and one of which is connected to the mud tank 14 through the overflow valve 21.
  • the outlet of the tee fitting (of course also the inlet of the tee fitting) is provided with a temperature sensor for measuring the mud temperature.
  • the mud tank 14 is provided with a mud cooling device 15 and a stirring device 16.
  • the mud pump 19 is first started to provide two parameters of input mud pressure and mud flow rate; secondly, the opening degree of the relief valve 21 is adjusted to control the simulated bottom hole pressure value.
  • the drilling fluid is injected into the drill pipe 46 through the mud pump 19, flows out of the drill bit 47 via the one-way valve 48, and flows out of the annulus between the drill pipe 46 and the wellbore through the mud outlet 45.
  • the mud pump 19 and the overflow valve were used to control the mud flow
  • the mud pump 17 and the heater 18 were used to control the mud temperature.
  • the drilling fluid treatment system includes a high pressure desander 22, a back pressure and overflow control system 23, a gas-liquid separator 24, a liquid flow meter 25, and a gas flow meter 26.
  • the inlet of the high pressure desander 22 is connected to the mud outlet 45 on the high pressure transfer unit 2 through a line, and the outlet of the high pressure desander 22 is connected to the back pressure and overflow control system 23 and the gas-liquid separator 24.
  • the gas flowing out of the gas-liquid separator 24 is metered by the gas flow meter 26, and the liquid is returned to the mud tank 14 through the liquid flow meter 25.
  • the detection system is mainly composed of a drilling parameter detection system and a core parameter detection system, wherein the drilling parameter detection system is mainly composed of a drilling pressure sensor, a torque sensor, a rotational speed sensor, a footage sensor, and a rock.
  • the heart parameter detection system is mainly composed of a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, and a stress sensor. Other measurement parameters include drilling fluid flow, gas flow, and the like. The data obtained by the measurement can be collected and recorded by the data acquisition instrument and the computer.

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Abstract

一种天然气水合物钻井模拟装置，包括水合物岩心模拟系统、钻进系统、钻井液注入系统、钻井液处理系统；其中：所述水合物岩心模拟系统包括水合物地层模拟井筒、人造岩心、水浴夹套、低温水浴；所述钻井系统包括支架、高压转联装置、液压装置、钻进装置，所述钻井液注入系统包括泥浆罐、钻井液流量计、泥浆泵、溢流阀；所述钻井液处理系统包括高压除砂器、背压及溢流控制系统、气液分离器、干燥器、气体流量计、液体流量计、泥浆处理池。所述模拟装置可以对多种井下工况环境进行相关模拟试验，具有操作便捷和结构简单的特点，从而为评估天然气水合物钻井安全控制、钻井方案制定提供室内试验数据。

Description

天然气水合物地层钻井模拟装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种钻井模拟装置，特别是涉及一种模拟不同工况下天然气水合物地层钻井过程的实验模拟装置。
背景技术
天然气水合物(Natural Gas Hydrate，NGH)具有储量大、分布广、能量密度高、清洁环保等优点，被认为是21世纪最重要的清洁替代能源，展开NGH研究具有重大的科学和现实意义。
NGH研究包括资源调查与评价、开采技术、安全与环境影响等方面。在资源调查研究的基础上，经济、高效和安全的NGH开采技术是实现NGH资源开发的决定性因素。NGH开采技术研究涉及的内容主要有钻井、分解、采气、环境影响等。其中NGH钻井技术是实现NGH开采的基础和前提。目前，有关NGH钻井方面的模拟研究报道极少。虽然已开展了一定的冻土区及海洋NGH现场勘探取样钻井和少量的试开采钻井工作，但NGH勘探取样钻井和生产性开采钻井存在较大的区别，因此，开展NGH开采钻井技术研究对NGH资源开发利用至关重要。
由于天然气水合物是一种受环境约束非常强的物质，它的形成和稳定需要非常特殊的高压低温环境，在进行NGH钻井过程中，钻头切削岩石的过程、井底钻具与井壁和岩心的摩擦会产生大量的热能，以及井壁和井底附近地层应力释放，这些都会造成NGH的分解产生气体和分解水。NGH的分解会对钻井质量、钻井速度、设备等造成严重危害。一方面，气体进入钻井液后，与钻井液一起循环，使钻井液密度降低，导致井底静水压力降低，加速了NGH的分解，并表现为恶性循环，最终导致井底大量水合物分解，造成井径严重扩大、井喷、井塌、套管变形及地面沉降等事故。另一方面，在深海和温度很低冻土地区钻井时，在井身内一定位置或地面管路中具有气体重新形成NGH的温度和压力条件，这样，在钻井液中就很可能形成NGH，而这就会造成钻井液循环(类似于油气输送管道中形成的天然气水合物堵塞)或钻井系统的其他管路的堵塞，从而导致一系列 井内恶性事故。因此，能否控制钻井过程中井底热(温度)、压力和NGH分解，是关系到NGH资源开发利用的关键性问题。此外，由于海底NGH均赋存于浅层沉积物中，水合物储层地质力学性能弱，破裂压力低，若采用太高的钻井压力则会导致地层破裂，造成钻井液漏失。因此，NGH钻井与常规的油气开采钻井相比，在钻井速度，钻井液配比、压力变化及循环流速，井底压力控制方法等方面有很大的不同。在没有研究建立成熟系统的NGH地层钻井理论和相关技术之前，如贸然采用常规油气开采钻井技术进行钻井，可能会引发难以预测和控制的安全事故。
NGH开采钻井研究方法可分为实验室模拟、数值模拟和现场试验三类，其中，现场试验耗资巨大，成本高昂，且只适合于已发现NGH实物样品的国家；数值模拟虽然成本低，但必须有实验模拟所获得基础数据及基本规律为基础；而实验模拟是通过在实验室建立实验模拟仪器及设备，通过控制模拟设备的温度、压力及介质等条件来近似模拟自然界NGH藏环境，并研究其生成、钻井过程的规律和影响机制。由于实验模拟研究成本较低，且是其它研究的基础，因此，NGH钻井实验模拟研究就成为当前NGH钻井技术研究最为可行的研究方法。
目前制约NGH钻井实验模拟研究发展的瓶颈问题在于缺乏在高压低温下实时、原位、快速、精确测定钻井过程中NGH相态变化及赋存特征的探测方法和实验仪器，这主要是由于NGH地层条件(高压、低温)苛刻、实验介质复杂，导致现有的油气钻井模拟装置与探测仪器不能应用于NGH钻井模拟研究，必须重新设计制造，使其既耐高压又有高的测试精度。
发明内容
基于此，有必要针对现有技术对天然气水合物钻井模拟过程存在的问题，提供一种天然气水合物钻井模拟研究模拟装置，可以实现低温高压下天然气水合物地层钻井过程模拟，进行不同地层条件与工况条件下的钻井实验与钻井参数测定，从而对钻头、钻压、转速以及钻井液类型优选，对钻井过程风险进行评估与控制。
一种天然气水合物钻井模拟装置，包括水合物岩心模拟系统、钻进系统、钻井液注入系统、钻井液处理系统；其中：
所述水合物岩心模拟系统包括水合物地层模拟井筒、人造岩心、水浴夹套、低温水浴；所述人造岩心填充于水合物地层模拟井筒的内腔中，所述水浴夹套包裹在水合物地层模拟井筒的外侧，低温水浴与水浴夹套连接，用于控制水合物地层模拟井筒内部环境的温度；
所述钻井系统包括支架、高压转联装置、液压装置、钻进装置，其中，所述高压转联装置为固定安装于水合物地层模拟井筒上侧的中空结构，该中空结构与水合物地层模拟井筒的内腔相连通；所述支架包括底座、立柱、井筒固定支架、转联器固定支架、电机平台，所述立柱安装在底座的一侧，井筒固定支架、转联器固定支架以及电机平台的一侧均固定连接在立柱上，它们的另一侧分别与水合物地层模拟井筒、高压转联装置以及钻进装置固定连接，所述钻进装置包括钻杆，所述钻杆伸入高压转联装置的中空结构中并延伸至水合物地层模拟井筒的内腔；所述液压装置与钻杆连接，用于为钻杆提供所需的下压力；
所述钻井液注入系统包括泥浆罐、泥浆冷却装置、搅拌装置、第一泥浆泵、加热器、第二泥浆泵、钻井液流量计、溢流阀。第一泥浆泵和第二泥浆泵的入口管线均与泥浆罐连接，第一泥浆泵的出口管线与加热器相连，第二泥浆泵出口管线与加热器出口管线通过三通接头汇合，三通接头出口设有温度传感器用于测量泥浆温度。混合后的泥浆连接后通过三通接头分成两路，一路通过管路经钻井液流量计与泥浆入口相连，一路通过溢流阀与泥浆罐相连。所述泥浆罐带有泥浆冷却装置、搅拌装置。实验时首先启动第二泥浆泵，提供输入泥浆压力和泥浆流量两个参数；其次调节溢流阀开度，控制模拟井底压力值。钻井液通过泥浆泵注入到钻杆的中，经由单向阀从钻头流出，从钻杆与井眼间的环空由泥浆出口流出。实验过程中，利用第二泥浆泵与溢流阀控制泥浆流量，通过低速流量泵与加热器控制泥浆温度。
所述钻井液处理系统包括高压除砂器、背压及溢流控制系统、气液分离器、气体流量计、液体流量计；所述高压除砂器的入口通过管路与高压转联装置上设置的泥浆出口相连，高压除砂器的出口经背压及溢流控制系统与气液分离器相连，气液分离器流出的气体通过气体流量计计量，气液分离器流出的液体返回到泥浆罐中。
所述水合物地层模拟井筒的内腔为180mm×180mm×180mm的立方体，其耐 压范围为0～30MPa。
所述水合物地层模拟井筒包括筒体、上法兰、和下法兰，所述上法兰、和下法兰分别固定于筒体的上、下两侧；高压转联装置与上法兰固定，所述下法兰和上法兰上分别设置有与水合物地层模拟井筒内腔相连通的气液入口和气液出口。气液入口可外接注气注液设备与抽真空装置。下法兰同时设有温度压力测量接口、应力测量接口。
所述的液压装置由油箱、液压油缸和液压泵组成，液压泵一端通过油管和油箱连接，另一端与液压油缸相连接，液压油缸提供钻井所需的下压力。
所述钻进装置进一步包括伺服电机、第一齿轮、第二齿轮、钻头，伺服电机安装在电机平台上，伺服电机的旋转轴连接第一齿轮，与第一齿轮相啮合的第二齿轮固定套接于钻杆上；钻杆的输出端与钻头连接，钻杆为空腔结构，在所述空腔中安装有单向阀，钻杆的外径小于高压转联装置中空结构的内径，钻杆的表面开孔用于钻井液通过泥浆入口注入钻杆的空腔内。
所述钻头在人造岩心中的最大钻进距离为150mm，钻头的直径为25mm，钻杆的直径为16mm。
所述高压转联装置由压盖、上导套、第一复合动密封圈、转联器筒体、下导套、第二复合动密封圈、下压套、卡环、高压球阀、泥浆入口与泥浆出口组成，所述上导套固定于高压转联装置的上端，第一复合动密封圈和第二复合动密封圈均设置于高压转联装置中空结构与钻杆之间的空隙处，且第一复合动密封圈位于泥浆入口的上侧并与上导套固定，第二复合动密封圈位于泥浆入口和泥浆出口之间，所述下压套的上端与第二复合动密封圈固定，用于压紧该第二复合动密封圈，同时通过卡环固定于下压套的上端的外侧，所述下压套的下端通过螺栓与上法兰固定。
所述高压转联装置中空结构的底部位于与水合物地层模拟井筒的连接处设有高压球阀，在钻井过程开始前，高压球阀呈关闭状态。
所述人造岩心由石英砂混合环氧树脂压制而成，人造岩心的大小与水合物地层模拟井筒内腔大小一致，人造岩心内部布置有温度压力测点，水合物地层模拟井筒一侧的内壁上布置有应力测点，所述温度压力测点和应力测点对应的传感器并通过引线通过下法兰上的测量接口引出至水合物地层模拟井筒外。
所述人造岩心内部沿水合物地层模拟井筒的高度方向设置三个检测层，分别为对应水合物层内部的上层检测层、中层检测层和下层检测层；所述3个检测层将水合物地层模拟井筒的内腔分为4等分；每个检测层平面被划分成上36mm×36mm的网格，且每个网格节点处均设置一个温度测量传感器和一个压力传感器。
水合物地层模拟井筒一侧的内壁上分布有九个应力测点，该九个应力测点采用3×3的分布方式均匀分布与所述内壁上。
该天然气水合物钻井模拟装置还包括检测系统，该检测系统主要由钻进参数检测系统和岩心参数检测系统组成，其中钻进参数检测系统主要由钻压传感器、扭矩传感器、转速传感器、进尺传感器、组成，岩心参数检测系统主要由压力传感器、温度传感器、应力传感器组成。其他测量参数还包括钻井液流量、气体流量等。测量获得的数据可通过数据采集仪与计算机采集记录。
综上，本发明的优点是：
本发明天然气水合物钻井模拟装置中的可实时测量钻井过程中水合物模拟层温度压力变化与分布。通过本实验装置可检测钻进过程水合物层应力变化情况。在模拟实验后，可将岩心取出分析井壁与岩心破坏情况。
本发明天然气水合物钻井模拟装置可以模拟不同的水合物岩心条件、不同钻井速度、不同钻井液配比条件，可实时对钻井过程中钻井液流速与温度进行控制，满足不同工况的需要，可对水合物地层钻井过程进行综合评估。
本发明天然气水合物钻井模拟装置可以对多种井下工况环境进行相关模拟试验，具有操作便捷和结构简单的特点，从而为评估天然气水合物钻井安全控制、钻井方案制定提供室内试验数据。
附图说明
图1是本发明天然气水合物钻井模拟装置实施例的结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例中水合物地层模拟井筒与高压转联装置的剖面结构示意图；
图3是图2中的B层向剖面结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
1、水合物地层模拟井筒；2、高压转联装置；3、立柱；4、底座；5、井筒固定支架；6、转联器固定支架；7、电机平台；8、伺服电机；9、齿轮；10、齿轮；11、油箱；12、液压油缸；13、液压泵；14、泥浆罐；15、泥浆冷却装置；16、搅拌装置；17、泥浆泵；18、加热器；19、泥浆泵；20、钻井液流量计；21、溢流阀；22、高压除砂器；23、背压及溢流控制系统；24、气液分离器；25、液体流量计；26、气体流量计；27、低温水浴；28、气液入口；29、温压测量导管；30、水浴夹套；31、上法兰；32、筒体；33、下法兰；34、气液出口；35、人造岩心；36、压盖；37、上导套；38、复合动密封圈；39、转联器筒体；40、下导套；41、复合动密封圈；42、下压套；43、卡环；44、泥浆入口；45、泥浆出口；46、钻杆；47、钻头；48、单向阀；49、高压球阀。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明，下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例
本发明的天然气水合物钻井模拟装置可以进行不同岩心特性、水合物饱和度、不同钻井工况下天然气水合物地层钻井过程模拟实验，对钻井条件进行优化并对钻井过程风险控制进行综合评估。
请参见图1-3所示，天然气水合物钻井模拟装置，包括水合物岩心模拟系统、钻进系统、钻井液注入系统、钻井液处理系统、检测系统。
水合物岩心模拟系统包括水合物地层模拟井筒1、人造岩心35、水浴夹套30、低温水浴27。水合物地层模拟井筒1内部为180mm×180mm×180mm的立方体，耐压范围一般为0～30MPa。水合物地层模拟井筒1由上法兰31、筒体32和下法兰33通过若干螺栓固定密封而形成内腔。下法兰33中部设置气液入口28，上法兰31布置有气液出口34，气液入口28可外接注气注液设备与抽真空装置。下法兰33同时设有温度压力测量接口、应力测量接口，其中温度压力测量接口对应设置有温压测量导管29，用于连接温压测点处的温度或压力传感器引线到水合物地层模拟井筒1外，同理，应力测量接口设置应力测量导管。
人造岩心35由石英砂混合环氧树脂压制而成，大小与水合物地层模拟井筒 1内腔大小一致，人造岩心35内部布置有温度压力测点，水合物地层模拟井筒1内壁一侧布置有应力测点，并通过引线通过下法兰33上的测量接口引出水合物地层模拟井筒1外。天然气和工作液被注入人造岩心35后，在腔内形成水合物层。为对腔内水合物层各位置的状态进行采集，将水合物层沿深度方向分为3个检测层，分别为对应水合物层内部的上层检测层、中层检测层和下层检测层。3个检测层将模拟腔分为4等分；每个检测层平面上分别设置16个温度压力测点；每个检测层平面被划分为36mm×36mm的网格，每个测点位于网格节点处。水合物地层模拟井筒1内壁一侧分布有9个应力测点，采用3×3的分布方式均匀分布于内壁上。
水浴夹套30包裹在水合物地层模拟井筒外侧，水浴夹套30与低温水浴27连接，用于控制水合物地层模拟井筒1内部环境的温度。整个实验装置同时放置于低温室中，用于增加系统运行温度的稳定性。
钻井系统包括支架、高压转联装置2、液压装置、钻进装置，支架包括底座4、立柱3、井筒固定支架5、转联器固定支架6、电机平台7，立柱3安装在底座4两侧，井筒固定支架5、转联器固定支架6与电机平台7安装在立柱3上。
高压转联装置2由压盖36、上导套37、复合动密封圈38、转联器筒体39、下导套40、复合动密封圈41、下压套42、卡环43、高压球阀49、泥浆入口44与泥浆出口45组成。上导套37固定于高压转联装置2的上端，复合动密封圈38和复合动密封圈41均设置于高压转联装置2中空结构与钻杆46之间的空隙处，且复合动密封圈38位于泥浆入口44的上侧并与上导套37固定，复合动密封圈41位于泥浆入口44和泥浆出口45之间，泥浆从泥浆罐14经泥浆入口44进入复合动密封圈38和复合动密封圈41之间的高压转联装置2的中空结构中，并通过钻杆46相应位置的表面开孔进入至钻杆46的空腔，然后通过单向阀48流至钻头47，下压套42的上端与复合动密封圈41固定，用于压紧该复合动密封圈41，同时通过卡环43固定于下压套42的上端的外侧，下压套42的下端通过螺栓与上法兰31固定，高压转联装置2中空结构的底部位于与水合物地层模拟井筒1的连接处设有高压球阀49，在钻井过程开始前，高压球阀49呈关闭状态。液压装置由油箱11、液压油缸12和液压泵13组成，液压泵13一端通过油管和油箱11连接，另一端与液压油缸12相连接，液压油缸12提供钻井所需的 下压力。
钻进装置由伺服电机8、齿轮9、齿轮10、钻杆46、钻头47组成，钻进装置进一步包括伺服电机8、齿轮9、齿轮10、钻头47，伺服电机8安装在电机平台7上，伺服电机8的旋转轴连接齿轮9，与齿轮9相啮合的齿轮10固定套接于钻杆46上；钻杆46的输出端与钻头47连接，钻杆46为空腔结构，在空腔中安装有单向阀48，钻杆46的外径小于高压转联装置2中空结构的内径，钻杆46的表面开孔用于钻井液通过泥浆入口44注入钻杆46的空腔内。钻头47在岩心中的最大钻进距离为150mm，钻头直径25mm，钻杆46直径16mm。
钻井液注入系统包括泥浆罐14、泥浆冷却装置15、搅拌装置16、低速的泥浆泵17、加热器18、高速的泥浆泵19、钻井液流量计20、溢流阀21。泥浆泵17和泥浆泵19的入口管线与泥浆罐14连接，泥浆泵17的出口管线与加热器18的入口管线相连。三通接头包括一个入口和二个出口，其中，其入口汇合泥浆泵19出口管线与加热器18出口管线，即泥浆罐14通过泥浆泵17和泥浆泵19输送的泥浆混合输出给三通接头的入口，混合后的泥浆通过三通接头的二个出口被分成两路，一路通过管路经钻井液流量计20与泥浆入口44相连，一路通过溢流阀21与泥浆罐14相连。三通接头的出口(当然也可以是三通接头的入口)设有温度传感器用于测量泥浆温度。泥浆罐14带有泥浆冷却装置15、搅拌装置16。实验时首先启动泥浆泵19，提供输入泥浆压力和泥浆流量两个参数；其次调节溢流阀21开度，控制模拟井底压力值。钻井液通过泥浆泵19注入到钻杆46的中，经由单向阀48从钻头47流出，从钻杆46与井眼间的环空由泥浆出口45流出。实验过程中，利用泥浆泵19与溢流阀控制泥浆流量，通过泥浆泵17与加热器18控制泥浆温度。
钻井液处理系统包括高压除砂器22、背压及溢流控制系统23、气液分离器24、液体流量计25、气体流量计26。高压除砂器22入口通过管路与高压转联装置2上的泥浆出口45相连，高压除砂器22出口与背压及溢流控制系统23、气液分离器24相连。气液分离器24流出的气体通过气体流量计26计量，液体经过液体流量计25返回到泥浆罐14中。
检测系统主要由钻进参数检测系统和岩心参数检测系统组成，其中钻进参数检测系统主要由钻压传感器、扭矩传感器、转速传感器、进尺传感器、组成，岩 心参数检测系统主要由压力传感器、温度传感器、应力传感器组成。其他测量参数还包括钻井液流量、气体流量等。测量获得的数据可通过数据采集仪与计算机采集记录。
应当理解的是，本发明的应用不限于上述的举例，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换，所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种天然气水合物钻井模拟装置，其特征在于，包括水合物岩心模拟系统、钻进系统、钻井液注入系统、钻井液处理系统；其中：
    所述水合物岩心模拟系统包括水合物地层模拟井筒(1)、人造岩心(35)、水浴夹套(30)、低温水浴(27)；所述人造岩心(35)填充于水合物地层模拟井筒(1)的内腔中，所述水浴夹套(30)包裹在水合物地层模拟井筒(1)的外侧，低温水浴(27)与水浴夹套(30)连接，用于控制水合物地层模拟井筒(1)内部环境的温度；
    所述钻井系统包括支架、高压转联装置(2)、液压装置、钻进装置，其中，所述高压转联装置(2)为固定安装于水合物地层模拟井筒(1)上侧的中空结构，该中空结构与水合物地层模拟井筒(1)的内腔相连通；所述支架包括底座(4)、立柱(3)、井筒固定支架(5)、转联器固定支架(6)、电机平台(7)，所述立柱(3)安装在底座(4)的一侧，井筒固定支架(5)、转联器固定支架(6)以及电机平台(7)的一侧均固定连接在立柱(3)上，它们的另一侧分别与水合物地层模拟井筒(1)、高压转联装置(2)以及钻进装置固定连接，所述钻进装置包括钻杆(46)，所述钻杆(46)伸入高压转联装置(2)的中空结构中并延伸至水合物地层模拟井筒(1)的内腔；所述液压装置与钻杆(46)连接，用于为钻杆(46)提供所需的下压力；
    所述钻井液注入系统包括泥浆罐(14)、泥浆冷却装置(15)、搅拌装置(16)、第一泥浆泵(17)、加热器(18)、第二泥浆泵(19)、钻井液流量计(20)、溢流阀(21)；第一泥浆泵(17)和第二泥浆泵(19)的入口管线均与泥浆罐(14)连接，第一泥浆泵(17)的出口管线与加热器(18)的入口管线相连，第二泥浆泵(19)出口管线与加热器(18)出口管线通过三通接头汇合，三通接头出口设有温度传感器用于测量泥浆温度；混合后的泥浆连接后通过三通接头分成两路，一路通过管路经钻井液流量计(20)与泥浆入口(44)相连，一路通过溢流阀(21)与泥浆罐(14)相连，泥浆冷却装置(15)、搅拌装置(16)设置于泥浆罐(14)中；
    所述钻井液处理系统包括高压除砂器(22)、背压及溢流控制系统(23)、气 液分离器(24)、液体流量计(25)、气体流量计(26)；所述高压除砂器(22)的入口通过管路与高压转联装置(2)上设置的泥浆出口(45)相连，高压除砂器(22)的出口经背压及溢流控制系统(23)与气液分离器(24)相连，气液分离器(24)流出的气体通过气体流量计(26)计量，气液分离器(24)流出的液体经过液体流量计(25)返回到泥浆罐(14)中。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天然气水合物钻井模拟装置，其特征在于，所述水合物地层模拟井筒(1)的内腔为180mm×180mm×180mm的立方体，其耐压范围为0～30MPa。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的天然气水合物钻井模拟装置，其特征在于，所述水合物地层模拟井筒(1)包括筒体(32)、上法兰(31)、和下法兰(33)，所述上法兰(31)、和下法兰(33)分别固定于筒体(32)的上、下两侧；高压转联装置(2)与上法兰(31)固定，所述下法兰(33)和上法兰(31)上分别设置有与水合物地层模拟井筒(1)内腔相连通的气液入口(28)和气液出口(34)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的天然气水合物钻井模拟装置，其特征在于，所述钻进装置进一步包括伺服电机(8)、第一齿轮(9)、第二齿轮(10)、钻头(47)，伺服电机(8)安装在电机平台(7)上，伺服电机(8)的旋转轴连接第一齿轮(9)，与第一齿轮(9)相啮合的第二齿轮(10)固定套接于钻杆(46)上；钻杆(46)的输出端与钻头(47)连接，钻杆(46)为空腔结构，在所述空腔中安装有单向阀(48)，钻杆(46)的外径小于高压转联装置(2)中空结构的内径，钻杆(46)的表面开孔用于钻井液通过泥浆入口(44)注入钻杆(46)的空腔内。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的天然气水合物钻井模拟装置，其特征在于，所述钻头(47)在人造岩心(35)中的最大钻进距离为150mm，钻头(47)的直径为25mm，钻杆(46)的直径为16mm。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的天然气水合物钻井模拟装置，其特征在于，所述高压转联装置(2)由压盖(36)、上导套(37)、第一复合动密封圈(38)、转联器筒体(39)、下导套(40)、第二复合动密封圈(41)、下压套(42)、卡环(43)、高压球阀(49)、泥浆入口(44)与泥浆出口(45)组成，所述上导套(37)固定于高压转联装置(2)的上端，第一复合动密封圈(38)和第二复合动密封圈(41)均设置于高压转联装置(2)中空结构与钻杆(46)之间的空隙处，且第 一复合动密封圈(38)位于泥浆入口(44)的上侧并与上导套(37)固定，第二复合动密封圈(41)位于泥浆入口(44)和泥浆出口(45)之间，所述下压套(42)的上端与第二复合动密封圈(41)固定，用于压紧该第二复合动密封圈(41)，同时通过卡环(43)固定于下压套(42)的上端的外侧，所述下压套(42)的下端通过螺栓与上法兰(31)固定。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的天然气水合物钻井模拟装置，其特征在于，所述高压转联装置(2)中空结构的底部位于与水合物地层模拟井筒(1)的连接处设有高压球阀(49)，在钻井过程开始前，高压球阀(49)呈关闭状态。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的天然气水合物钻井模拟装置，其特征在于，所述人造岩心(35)由石英砂混合环氧树脂压制而成，人造岩心(35)的大小与水合物地层模拟井筒(1)内腔大小一致，人造岩心(35)内部布置有温度压力测点，水合物地层模拟井筒(1)一侧的内壁上布置有应力测点，所述温度压力测点和应力测点对应的传感器并通过引线通过下法兰(33)上的测量接口引出至水合物地层模拟井筒(1)外。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的天然气水合物钻井模拟装置，其特征在于，所述人造岩心内部沿水合物地层模拟井筒(1)的高度方向设置三个检测层，分别为对应水合物层内部的上层检测层、中层检测层和下层检测层；所述3个检测层将水合物地层模拟井筒(1)的内腔分为4等分；每个检测层平面被划分成上36mm×36mm的网格，且每个网格节点处均设置一个温度测量传感器和一个压力传感器。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的天然气水合物钻井模拟装置，其特征在于，水合物地层模拟井筒(1)一侧的内壁上分布有九个应力测点，该九个应力测点采用3×3的分布方式均匀分布与所述内壁上。
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