WO2023130823A1 - 一种复合材料氧煤喷枪 - Google Patents

一种复合材料氧煤喷枪 Download PDF

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WO2023130823A1
WO2023130823A1 PCT/CN2022/129553 CN2022129553W WO2023130823A1 WO 2023130823 A1 WO2023130823 A1 WO 2023130823A1 CN 2022129553 W CN2022129553 W CN 2022129553W WO 2023130823 A1 WO2023130823 A1 WO 2023130823A1
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Prior art keywords
oxygen
coal
water
spray gun
gun
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PCT/CN2022/129553
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘树钢
李雷
张灵修
赵立顺
刘志浩
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唐山精研实业有限责任公司
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Publication of WO2023130823A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023130823A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
    • C21B5/003—Injection of pulverulent coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/18—Charging particulate material using a fluid carrier
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
    • F27D2003/162—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge the fluid being an oxidant or a fuel
    • F27D2003/165—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge the fluid being an oxidant or a fuel the fluid being a fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
    • F27D2003/168—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge through a lance
    • F27D2003/169—Construction of the lance, e.g. lances for injecting particles

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of direct reduction and smelting reduction ironmaking, and in particular relates to the design and improvement of plug-in oxygen-coal spray guns for smelting reduction processes such as Hismelt and FINEX, specifically a composite material oxygen-coal spray gun.
  • Smelting reduction oxygen injection and/or coal injection is a new technology, which has revolutionary significance for hydrogen enrichment, energy saving and carbon reduction, and reduction of total pollutant generation.
  • oxygen-coal spray gun in smelting reduction coal injection.
  • it is the insertion method of the coal injection pipe in the oxy-coal spray gun. This has a great relationship with the combustion rate of pulverized coal in the furnace, the mixing of oxygen and pulverized coal, and the wear degree of the oxygen-coal spray gun; on the other hand, it is the safety of the oxygen-coal spray gun. Since pure oxygen is injected, the temperature in the furnace can reach over 2200°C, and it will encounter the impact of the molten iron stream burning with oxygen, which puts forward higher requirements for the cooling structure and material design of the oxy-coal lance.
  • the oxygen injected is oxygen-enriched in the blast furnace blast, and the temperature before the muzzle is much lower than when pure oxygen is injected. Therefore, ordinary blast furnace oxy-coal spray guns are safe
  • the degree of mixing of oxygen and pulverized coal has a direct impact on the combustion efficiency of pulverized coal after it is injected into the furnace.
  • the mixed state is completely different from the mixed state of pure oxygen and coal powder in smelting reduction. Therefore, the common oxy-coal spray gun cannot meet the requirements on the mixing of pulverized coal and gas required in the smelting reduction.
  • CN201362726Y developed by Wu Keng of Beijing University of Science and Technology for the COREX process uses a welded water tank-type gun body and a straight pipe to send cooling water to the front end of the oxygen-coal spray gun, which strengthens the cooling of the front end, while the water flow rate of the gun body is relatively slow.
  • the cooling strength of the gun body is weak; while the cooling strength of the external coal injection gun of CN201362725Y is lower, it can only be used in the COREX furnace wall, and it is easier to burn out if inserted into the high temperature zone in other smelting reduction furnaces.
  • CN201497374U developed by Shanghai Baosteel Engineering Technology Co., Ltd. Chen Yuming also uses a water cooling jacket, but there is no further research on its water cooling structure and material.
  • the slag-line thickened conical spray gun CN2404000Y announced by Wang Zhi of Shanghai Kaibao Spray Gun Factory for molten iron pretreatment and molten steel refining outside the furnace is wrapped with a conical refractory layer on the outside of the seamless tube. Although the service life is prolonged, it still reaches Less than the life requirement of the smelting reduction process.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a composite material oxygen-coal spray gun, which solves the problem of safe use of the oxygen-coal spray gun under the working conditions of high temperature above 2200°C in the smelting reduction furnace and the impact of molten iron streams burning with oxygen.
  • the coal injection pipe can effectively improve the combustion efficiency of pulverized coal in the smelting reduction coal injection.
  • a composite material oxygen-coal spray gun including an oxygen spray gun, a coal spray gun, at least one set of water cooling structure, a refractory composite material, and a tapered sealing surface
  • the coal spray gun is inserted into the oxygen spray gun in a straight line Center, or arranged in parallel on the outer side of the upper part of the oxygen spray gun
  • the water cooling structure is composed of water inlet pipe, water outlet pipe, and spiral cooling water pipe, and is connected as an integral structure.
  • the water cooling structure is cast into an integral water cooling channel to form a thick wall Seamless copper pipe; the spiral cooling water pipe is wound around the oxygen spray gun and the coal spray gun, the cooling water enters the front end of the gun body from the water inlet pipe, and then flows out along the spiral cooling water pipe to the outlet pipe at the rear of the gun body, and the axis of the water inlet pipe It is parallel to the axes of the oxygen lance and the coal lance; the heated outer surfaces of the oxygen lance body and the coal lance body are inlaid with refractory composite materials, and the rear of the oxygen coal lance body is provided with a tapered sealing surface.
  • coal spray gun is inserted into the center of the oxygen spray gun in a straight line through the coal gun connecting flange, or the coal spray gun is arranged in parallel on the outer side of the upper part of the oxygen spray gun, and the oxygen is connected to the oxygen spray gun through the oxygen gun connecting flange on the side.
  • the water inlet pipe is arranged outside or inside the spiral cooling water pipe, and the cooling water first enters the front end of the gun body, and then flows along the spiral cooling water pipe to the outlet pipe at the rear of the gun body.
  • the spiral cooling water pipe is wound around the oxygen lance and the coal lance in the form of single helical winding or double helical winding.
  • a refractory composite material is inlaid, and embedded within 5 to 10 mm, and the refractory composite material covers more than 80% of the surface.
  • the material of the refractory composite material is mullite, corundum, quartz, high magnesium, high aluminum, magnesium aluminum spinel, high density clay, silicon carbonitride or other high temperature and slag resistant alloys or alloys containing Non-metallic materials of chromium and zirconium, one or several composite materials of them.
  • the water-cooling structure is prepared by arranging its structure in the casting sand core and then casting it with copper water to form an integral water-cooling channel.
  • the water-cooled structure is prepared by first using thin-walled steel welded pipes as molds, casting copper, and then dissolving the steel welded pipes, for example, with dilute hydrochloric acid.
  • the shape of the water-cooling channel or part is designed to be circular, rectangular or elliptical.
  • coal injection lance and the oxygen injection lance are heat-resistant stainless steel or alloy steel seamless pipes.
  • Beneficial effects of the present invention by placing the coal injection gun at the center or on the upper side of the oxygen injection gun, the oxygen jet can fully inhale the coal powder, which improves the combustion conditions of the coal powder; the cooling device inside the gun keeps the front end and the whole gun body at high speed and low In a water-cooled state with resistance to damage, and with a protective layer of refractory composite materials, under normal working conditions, a thick layer (20 to 150 mm) of solidified slag iron (containing a small amount of coke particles) is bonded to the outer surface of the entire gun, and it is connected with the furnace
  • the solidified slag-iron layer of the wall forms a whole, and the liquid slag-iron flows on its surface, the cooling water temperature difference is small, and the life of the spray gun is not threatened; and duration have a statistical normal distribution law), firstly, the solidified slag iron layer resists for a period of time (a few minutes to tens of minutes), and the temperature difference of the cooling water does not increase much during this period
  • Fig. 1 is a structural sectional view of a composite material oxygen-coal spray gun
  • Fig. 2 is a second structure fine-tuning sectional view of a composite material oxygen-coal spray gun
  • Fig. 3 is a third structure fine-tuning sectional view of a composite material oxygen-coal spray gun
  • Fig. 4 is a fourth structure fine-tuning sectional view of a composite material oxygen-coal spray gun
  • Oxygen injection lance 1 coal injection lance 2, coal lance connection flange 3, oxygen lance connection flange 4, water inlet pipe 5, water outlet pipe 6, spiral cooling water pipe 7, refractory composite material 8, tapered sealing surface 9.
  • Embodiment 1 A composite material oxy-coal spray gun. As shown in Figure 1, it consists of an oxygen injection lance 1, a coal injection lance 2, a coal lance connection flange 3, an oxygen lance connection flange 4, a water cooling structure (including a water inlet pipe 5, an outlet pipe 6, and a spiral cooling water pipe 7), and a refractory composite material 8.
  • the conical sealing surface is composed of 9.
  • the water inlet pipe 5 is arranged on the outside of the spiral cooling water pipe 7, and the cooling water enters the front end of the gun body from the water inlet pipe 5, and then flows out of the water outlet pipe 6 at the rear of the gun body along the spiral cooling water pipe 7; the spiral cooling water pipe 7 is wound around the nozzle
  • the winding form of oxygen lance and coal injection lance is single helical winding.
  • the coal injection gun 2 is inserted into the center of the oxygen injection gun 1 in a straight line through the coal gun connection flange 3 to prevent wear and improve the oxygen-coal mixing condition; oxygen is connected to the oxygen injection gun 1 through the oxygen gun connection flange 4 on the side.
  • the structural form and material of the water cooling structure are as follows: the water inlet pipe 5, the spiral cooling water pipe 7 and the water outlet pipe 6 are all thick-walled seamless copper pipes; and they are arranged in the casting sand core in the above structural form , and then cast copper water to form a whole water-cooling channel, and the shape of the water-cooling channel or part is designed to be circular, rectangular or elliptical. Utilize the high thermal conductivity of copper to disperse the ultra-high heat flux intensity on the impact surface of the oxygen-burning molten iron stream to more high-velocity water-cooled wall areas to prevent the supercooled film boiling state from burning out the gun body .
  • the coal injection lance 2 and the oxygen injection lance 1 are heat-resistant stainless steel or alloy steel seamless pipes.
  • the structural form and material of the water-cooling structure are as follows: when manufacturing, the water inlet pipe 5, the spiral cooling water pipe 7 and the water outlet pipe 6 first use thin-walled steel welded pipes as molds, and then dissolve the steel welded pipes with dilute acid such as hydrochloric acid after casting copper ; Other precision casting techniques can also be used to form the same cast copper water-cooled structure.
  • the refractory composite material 8 is inlaid on the heated outer surface of the entire cast copper gun body, and is embedded in the interior of the copper by 5 to 10 mm, and the coverage rate of the refractory composite material 8 on the surface of the copper is greater than 80%, and its material is Molai Stone, corundum, quartz, high-magnesium, high-alumina, magnesium-aluminum spinel, high-density clay, silicon carbonitride or other high-temperature-resistant and slag-resistant alloys or non-metallic materials containing chromium and zirconium, one of which or Several composite materials.
  • the installation and sealing structure of the gun body is: a tapered sealing surface 9, that is, the tapered sealing surface 9 is formed on the copper surface at the rear of the gun body, and it can be jacked into the tuyere of a known blast furnace installed on the wall of the smelting reduction furnace In the large and middle sets, to realize the positioning and sealing, the mature blast furnace tuyeres, hanging devices and assembly and disassembly robots and other related technologies are also used.
  • the water-cooled structure inside the gun makes the front end and the whole gun body in a high-speed, low-resistance water-cooled state. Under normal working conditions, a thick layer (20 to 80 mm) of solidified slag iron (containing a small amount of coke) is bonded to the surface of the entire gun body.
  • the solidified slag iron layer is the first line of defense to prevent the gun body from burning, and the refractory composite material 8 embedded in the outer heating surface of the gun body is the first line of defense.
  • the second line of defense, the water inlet pipe 5 and the copper wall of the spiral cooling water pipe 7 cast by copper are the third line of defense, thus ensuring that the supercooling film can also be avoided under the impact of the oxygen-burning molten iron stream It is in a boiling state, which prevents the loss of the gun body, and is suitable for plug-in oxygen (and, or) coal injection under ultra-high temperature conditions such as smelting reduction.
  • Embodiment 2 A composite material oxy-coal spray gun. As shown in Figure 2, it consists of oxygen injection lance 1, coal injection lance 2, coal lance connection flange 3, oxygen lance connection flange 4, water inlet pipe 5, water outlet pipe 6, spiral cooling water pipe 7, refractory composite material 8, and tapered seal Face 9 composition.
  • the water inlet pipe 5 is arranged inside the spiral cooling water pipe 7, and the cooling water enters the front end of the gun body from the water inlet pipe 5, and then flows out along the spiral cooling water pipe 7 to the outlet pipe 6 at the rear of the gun body; the coal injection gun 2 is connected by the coal gun Lan 3 is inserted into the center of oxygen spray lance 1 in a straight line to prevent wear and improve the mixing conditions of oxygen and coal; Other descriptions are the same as in Example 1.
  • Embodiment 3 A composite material oxy-coal spray gun.
  • the structure of the cooling device in the gun is that the water inlet pipe 5 is arranged inside the spiral cooling water pipe 7, and the coal spray gun 2 is also arranged outside the upper part of the oxygen spray gun 1, and the axis of the water inlet pipe is aligned with the oxygen spray gun and the coal spray gun.
  • the axes are parallel; it can not only prevent the tempering of the oxygen injection lance after the coal injection lance is worn out, but also reduce the overall size and heating area of the entire lance body, and the mixing conditions of coal and oxygen are also better.
  • Other descriptions are the same as in Example 1.
  • Embodiment 4 A composite material oxy-coal spray gun. See Fig. 4, for a separate coal injection gun (or oxygen injection gun), the structural form of the water cooling structure in the gun is that the water inlet pipe 5 is arranged inside the spiral cooling water pipe 7, and the axis of the water inlet pipe 5 is in line with the coal injection gun 2 ( Or the axes of the oxygen spray gun 1) are parallel; the external dimensions and the heated area of the whole gun body can be greatly reduced. Other descriptions are the same as in Example 1.
  • Embodiment 5 further, a composite material oxy-coal spray gun.
  • the structural form and material of the water-cooling structure in the gun are as follows: for working conditions where the temperature is not too high or the impact of molten iron is less, it is allowed to cancel the copper casting process, and the water inlet pipe (5), the spiral cooling water pipe (7) and the water outlet pipe ( 6), thick-walled copper tube (plate) or other heat-resistant steel pipe welded structure can be used; other descriptions are the same as in Embodiment 1.
  • Embodiment 6 further, a composite material oxy-coal spray gun.
  • the structural form of the water-cooling structure in the gun is: for the working conditions of higher temperature or more frequent impact of molten iron, the water inlet pipe (5), the spiral cooling water pipe (7) and the water outlet pipe (6) are integrally cast by copper, Its winding form can also be a double helix winding, or even a double-set water-cooling structure arrangement, that is, two sets of independent water inlet pipes (5), spiral cooling water pipes (7) and water outlet pipes (6) are wound together to supply water and water respectively. Return water, its cooling effect and life are better.
  • the arrangement (winding) of these water-cooling channels can also have various forms, and due to the large number, it is not necessary to illustrate them one by one. Other descriptions are the same as in Example 1.

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Abstract

本发明公开一种复合材料氧煤喷枪，属于直接还原和熔融还原炼铁领域。包括喷氧枪、喷煤枪、至少一套水冷结构、耐火复合材料、锥形密封面，所述喷煤枪直线插入喷氧枪中心，或平行布置于喷氧枪上部外侧，所述水冷结构由进水管、出水管、螺旋冷却水管组成，且为一体连接结构，水冷结构由铜水铸造成一个整体水冷通道形成厚壁无缝铜管；所述螺旋冷却水管缠绕于喷氧枪和喷煤枪，冷却水从进水管进入枪体前端，再沿螺旋冷却水管流至枪体后部的出水管流出。冷却系统使前端和整个枪体均处于高速低阻损水冷状态，即使在氧气燃烧着的铁水流股冲击下，也可避免出现过冷膜态沸腾状态，防止枪体损耗，适合熔融还原等超高温条件的插入式氧(和、或)煤喷吹。

Description

一种复合材料氧煤喷枪 技术领域
本发明属于直接还原和熔融还原炼铁领域，特别是涉及了Hismelt、FINEX等熔融还原工艺的插入式氧煤喷枪的设计和改进，具体为一种复合材料氧煤喷枪。
背景技术
熔融还原喷氧和、或喷煤是一项全新技术，对于富氢、节能降碳、减少总污染物产生量具有革命性意义。目前对熔融还原喷煤中氧煤喷枪的研究主要有两个方面。一方面是氧煤喷枪中喷煤管的插入方式。这对于煤粉在炉内的燃烧率、氧气与煤粉混合情况和氧煤喷枪的磨损程度有很大的关系；另一方面是氧煤喷枪的安全性。由于喷射的是纯氧，炉内的温度可达到2200℃以上，并且会遇到氧气燃烧着的铁水流股的冲击，这对氧煤喷枪的冷却结构和材料的设计提出了更高的要求。
现阶段氧煤喷枪的设计形式多种多样，但所喷射的氧都为高炉鼓风中的富氧，枪口前温度相比喷射纯氧时要低很多，因此普通的高炉氧煤喷枪在安全性上达不到熔融还原工业生产的要求；另一方面，氧气与煤粉的混合程度对于煤粉喷射入炉内后的燃烧效率有直接的影响，高炉氧煤喷枪中富氧空气与煤粉的混合后状况和熔融还原中纯氧与煤粉的混合后状况是完全不同的。因此普通的氧煤喷枪在熔融还原中所需的煤粉与气体混合上也达不到要求。
北京科技大学吴铿等为COREX工艺研发的CN201362726Y，采用了焊接水箱式枪体和直管将冷却水送至氧煤喷枪前端，强化了前端的冷却，而枪身的水流速则较慢，枪身的冷却强度较弱；而CN201362725Y的外置喷煤枪的冷 却强度更低，只能在COREX炉墙中使用，如果插入其它熔融还原炉内高温区则较容易烧损。
上海宝钢工程技术有限公司陈玉明研发的CN201497374U，也采用了水冷套，但对其水冷结构和材质没有更深入的研究。
上海开宝喷枪厂王智公布的铁水预处理及钢水炉外精炼所使用的渣线增厚锥形喷枪CN2404000Y，在无缝管外裹锥形耐火材料层，尽管延长了一些使用寿命，仍达不到熔融还原工艺的寿命要求。
广东梅雁吉祥水电股份有限公司何伟光等研发的带有组合式耐高温结构的喷煤枪CN104534499，其耐高温紧固件和定位螺柱仍不适合2000℃以上和铁水冲击的使用条件。
山东墨龙石油机械股份有限公司张云三，郭玉琳等公布了一种冶金行业用固体料注入装置CN206410513U，以及该公司张冠琪，袁兴伦等公布的一种熔融还原炉用闷炉喷枪CN212476807U，均采用了套管式水冷结构，内环水行至喷枪前端后，再折返沿外环道流回喷枪后部排出，其冷却强度和喷枪寿命仍不理想。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种复合材料氧煤喷枪，解决在熔融还原炉中2200℃以上的高温下，并且会遇到氧气燃烧着的铁水流股的冲击的工作条件下，氧煤喷枪安全使用的问题。并使喷煤管能有效提高熔融还原喷煤中的煤粉燃烧效率。
本发明采用以下的技术方案：一种复合材料氧煤喷枪，包括喷氧枪、喷煤枪、至少一套水冷结构、耐火复合材料、锥形密封面，所述喷煤枪直线插 入喷氧枪中心，或平行布置于喷氧枪上部外侧，其中，所述水冷结构由进水管、出水管、螺旋冷却水管组成，且为一体连接结构，水冷结构由铜水铸造成一个整体水冷通道形成厚壁无缝铜管；所述螺旋冷却水管缠绕于喷氧枪和喷煤枪，冷却水从进水管进入枪体前端，再沿螺旋冷却水管流至枪体后部的出水管流出，且进水管轴线与喷氧枪和喷煤枪的轴线平行；喷氧枪枪体、喷煤枪枪体受热外表面上镶嵌有耐火复合材料，氧煤喷枪枪体后部设置锥形密封面。
进一步的，喷煤枪通过煤枪连接法兰直线插入喷氧枪中心，或喷煤枪平行布置于喷氧枪上部外侧，氧气通过侧面的氧枪连接法兰，接入喷氧枪。
进一步的，进水管布置在螺旋冷却水管外侧或内侧，冷却水先进入枪体前端，再沿螺旋冷却水管流至枪体后部的出水管流出。
进一步的，所述水冷结构中螺旋冷却水管缠绕于喷氧枪、喷煤枪的缠绕形式为单螺旋缠绕或双螺旋缠绕。
进一步的，在整个枪体受热外表面上，镶嵌有耐火复合材料，并嵌入内部5至10毫米，且耐火复合材料对表面的覆盖率大于80％。
进一步的，所述耐火复合材料其材质为莫来石、刚玉、石英、高镁、高铝、镁铝尖晶石、高密度粘土、碳氮化硅或其它耐高温耐渣侵蚀的合金或含铬、锆的非金属材质，其中的一种或几种复合材质。
进一步的，所述水冷结构制备是以其结构形式布置于铸造砂芯之中再以紫铜水铸造成一个整体水冷通道。
进一步的，所述水冷结构制备是先采用薄壁钢质焊管为模，铸铜后再溶解钢质焊管，例如用稀盐酸溶解。
进一步的，水冷通道或局部的形状设计成圆形、矩形或椭圆形。
进一步的，喷煤枪和喷氧枪为耐热不锈钢或合金钢无缝管。
本发明的有益效果：通过喷煤枪置于喷氧枪中心或上侧，使氧气射流充分吸入煤粉，改善了煤粉的燃烧条件；枪内冷却装置使前端和整个枪体均处于高速低阻损水冷状态，且有耐火复合材料保护层，正常工作状态下，整个枪体外表面粘结着一层较厚(20至150毫米)的凝固渣铁(含有小量焦粒)，并与炉墙的凝固渣铁层形成了一个整体，液体渣铁在其表面流过，冷却水温差较少，喷枪寿命不受威胁；当出现氧气燃烧着的铁水流股冲击时(其热流强度、冲击面积和持续时间具有统计的正态分布规律)，首先是该凝固渣铁层抵抗一个时段(几分钟到几十分钟)，该时段内冷却水温差升高不大；此后是氧气燃烧着的铁水流股冲击到枪体铸铜表面，由于本发明的耐火复合材料对枪体紫铜表面的覆盖率大于80％，并嵌入紫铜内部5至10毫米，较难被冲掉，这就隔绝了大部分的热流，多数情况也可避免出现过冷膜态沸腾状态(一旦出现，18毫米的水冷紫铜壁熔穿时间低于2至5秒钟)，防止了枪体的熔损，适用于熔融还原等超高温条件下的插入式氧(和、或)煤的喷吹。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。在所有附图中，类似的元件或部分一般由类似的附图标记标识。附图中，各元件或部分并不一定按照实际的比例绘制。
图1为一种复合材料氧煤喷枪的结构剖视图；
图2为一种复合材料氧煤喷枪的第二种结构微调剖视图；
图3为一种复合材料氧煤喷枪的第三种结构微调剖视图；
图4为一种复合材料氧煤喷枪的第四种结构微调剖视图；
图中：
喷氧枪1、喷煤枪2、煤枪连接法兰3、氧枪连接法兰4、进水管5、出水管6、螺旋冷却水管7、耐火复合材料8、锥形密封面9。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1：一种复合材料氧煤喷枪。见图1，由喷氧枪1、喷煤枪2、煤枪连接法兰3、氧枪连接法兰4、水冷结构(包括进水管5、出水管6、螺旋冷却水管7)、耐火复合材料8、锥形密封面9组成。进水管5布置在螺旋冷却水管7的外侧，冷却水从进水管5进入枪体前端，再沿螺旋冷却水管7流至枪体后部的出水管6流出；所述螺旋冷却水管7缠绕于喷氧枪、喷煤枪的缠绕形式为单螺旋缠绕。喷煤枪2通过煤枪连接法兰3直线插入喷氧枪1中心，以防磨损，也改善了氧煤混合条件；氧气通过侧面的氧枪连接法兰4，接入喷氧枪1。
进一步的，所述的水冷结构的结构形式和材料为：进水管5、螺旋冷却水管7和出水管6均为厚壁无缝紫铜管；并以所述结构形式布置于铸造砂芯之中，再以紫铜水铸造成一个整体水冷通道，水冷通道或局部的形状设计成圆形、矩形或椭圆形。利用紫铜的高导热性，将氧气燃烧着的铁水流股冲击面上的超高热流强度，分散于较多的高流速水冷壁面面积，以防止出现过冷 膜态沸腾状态，而烧坏枪体。喷煤枪2和喷氧枪1为耐热不锈钢或合金钢无缝管。
进一步的，所述的水冷结构的结构形式和材料为：制造时进水管5、螺旋冷却水管7和出水管6先采用薄壁钢质焊管为模，铸铜后再以盐酸等稀酸溶解钢质焊管；还可以用其它精密铸造工艺，形成同等铸铜水冷结构。
进一步的，在整个铸铜枪体受热外表面上，镶嵌有耐火复合材料8，并嵌入紫铜内部5至10毫米，且耐火复合材料8对紫铜表面的覆盖率大于80％，其材质为莫来石、刚玉、石英、高镁、高铝、镁铝尖晶石、高密度粘土、碳氮化硅或其它耐高温耐渣侵蚀的合金或含铬、锆的非金属材质，其中的一种或几种复合材质。
进一步的，枪体安装与密封结构为：锥形密封面9，即在枪体后部的紫铜表面车出锥形密封面9，就可以顶进安装于熔融还原炉墙上的公知高炉的风口大套和中套之中，而实现定位和密封，还利用了成熟的高炉风口、吊挂装置及其装拆机器人等相关技术。
枪内水冷结构使前端和整个枪体均处于高速低阻损水冷状态，正常工作状态下，整个枪体外表面粘结着一层较厚(20至80毫米)的凝固渣铁(含有小量焦粒)，并与炉墙的凝固渣铁层形成了一个整体，液体渣铁在其表面流过，冷却水温差较少，喷枪寿命不受威胁；当出现氧气燃烧着的铁水流股冲击时(其热流强度、冲击面积和持续时间具有统计的正态分布规律)，该凝固渣铁层是防止枪体烧损的第一道防线，在枪体外表受热面镶嵌进去的耐火复合材料8是第二道防线，被紫铜铸造为一体的进水管5、螺旋冷却水管7的紫铜管壁为第三道防线，由此保证了在氧气燃烧着的铁水流股冲击下， 也可避免出现过冷膜态沸腾状态，防止了枪体的损耗，适用于熔融还原等超高温条件下的插入式氧(和、或)煤的喷吹。
实施例2：一种复合材料氧煤喷枪。见图2，由喷氧枪1、喷煤枪2、煤枪连接法兰3、氧枪连接法兰4、进水管5、出水管6、螺旋冷却水管7、耐火复合材料8、锥形密封面9组成。进水管5布置在螺旋冷却水管7的内侧，冷却水从进水管5进入枪体前端，再沿螺旋冷却水管7流至枪体后部的出水管6流出；喷煤枪2通过煤枪连接法兰3直线插入喷氧枪1中心，以防磨损，也改善了氧煤混合条件；氧气通过侧面的氧枪连接法兰4，接入喷氧枪1。其他描述同实施例1。
实施例3：一种复合材料氧煤喷枪。见图3，枪内冷却装置的结构形式为进水管5布置在螺旋冷却水管7内侧，喷煤枪2也布置于喷氧枪1上部外侧，且进水管轴线与喷氧枪和喷煤枪的轴线平行；不仅可以防止喷煤枪磨损后的喷氧枪回火，还可减少整个枪体的外形尺寸和受热面积，煤氧混合条件也比较好。其他描述同实施例1。
实施例4：一种复合材料氧煤喷枪。见图4，对于单独的喷煤枪(或喷氧枪)，所述的枪内水冷结构的结构形式为进水管5布置在螺旋冷却水管7内侧，且进水管5轴线与喷煤枪2(或喷氧枪1)的轴线平行；可大幅度减少整个枪体的外形尺寸和受热面积。其他描述同实施例1。
实施例5：更进一步的，一种复合材料氧煤喷枪。所述的枪内水冷结构的结构形式和材质为：对于温度不太高或铁水冲击较少的工作条件，允许取消铸铜工艺，进水管(5)、螺旋冷却水管(7)和出水管(6)，可采用厚壁紫铜管(板)或其它耐热钢管焊接结构；其他描述同实施例1。
实施例6：更进一步的，一种复合材料氧煤喷枪。所述的枪内水冷结构的结构形式为：对于温度更高或铁水冲击更频繁的工作条件，被紫铜铸造为整体的进水管(5)、螺旋冷却水管(7)和出水管(6)，其缠绕形式还可以是双螺旋缠绕，甚至是双套水冷结构的布置，即两套相互独立的进水管(5)、螺旋冷却水管(7)和出水管(6)缠绕在一起，分别供水和回水，其冷却效果和寿命更好。这些水冷通道的布置(缠绕)形式还可以有多种，由于数量较多，不劳逐个图示说明。其他描述同实施例1。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种复合材料氧煤喷枪，包括喷氧枪(1)、喷煤枪(2)、至少一套水冷结构、耐火复合材料(8)、锥形密封面(9)，所述喷煤枪(2)直线插入喷氧枪(1)中心，或平行布置于喷氧枪(1)上部外侧，其特征在于，所述水冷结构包括进水管(5)、出水管(6)和螺旋冷却水管(7)，进水管(5)、螺旋冷却水管(7)和出水管(6)均为厚壁无缝紫铜管；并以所述结构形式布置于铸造砂芯之中，再以紫铜水铸造成一个整体水冷通道；所述螺旋冷却水管(7)缠绕于喷氧枪和喷煤枪，冷却水从进水管(5)进入枪体前端，再沿螺旋冷却水管(7)流至枪体后部的出水管(6)，冷却水从出水管(6)流出，且进水管(5)轴线与喷氧枪(1)和喷煤枪(2)的轴线平行；喷氧枪枪体、喷煤枪枪体受热外表面上镶嵌有耐火复合材料(8)，并嵌入紫铜内部5至10毫米，氧煤喷枪枪体后部设置锥形密封面(9)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种复合材料氧煤喷枪，其特征在于，喷煤枪(2)通过煤枪连接法兰(3)直线插入喷氧枪(1)中心，或喷煤枪平行布置于喷氧枪上部外侧，氧气通过侧面的氧枪连接法兰(4)，接入喷氧枪(1)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种复合材料氧煤喷枪，其特征在于，进水管布置在螺旋冷却水管外侧或内侧，冷却水先进入枪体前端，再沿螺旋冷却水管流至枪体后部的出水管流出。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种复合材料氧煤喷枪，其特征在于，所述水冷结构中螺旋冷却水管(7)缠绕于喷氧枪、喷煤枪的缠绕形式为单螺旋缠绕或双螺旋缠绕。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种复合材料氧煤喷枪，其特征在于，所述耐火复合材料(8)对表面的覆盖率大于80％。
  6. 根据权利要求1或5所述的一种复合材料氧煤喷枪，其特征在于，所述耐火复合材料其材质为莫来石、刚玉、石英、高镁、高铝、镁铝尖晶石、高密度粘土、碳氮化硅或其它耐高温耐渣侵蚀的合金或含铬、锆的非金属材质，其中的一种或几种复合材质。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种复合材料氧煤喷枪，其特征在于，水冷通道或局部的形状设计成圆形、矩形或椭圆形。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种复合材料氧煤喷枪，其特征在于，喷煤枪(2)和喷氧枪(1)为耐热不锈钢或合金钢无缝管。
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CN114018058A (zh) * 2022-01-10 2022-02-08 唐山精研实业有限责任公司 一种复合材料氧煤喷枪

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CN117758011A (zh) * 2023-12-25 2024-03-26 江苏恒立冶金设备有限公司 一种新型电炉氧枪水冷系统及其工艺
CN117758011B (zh) * 2023-12-25 2024-06-07 江苏恒立冶金设备有限公司 一种电炉氧枪水冷系统及其工艺

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