WO2023130235A1 - 电池单体及其制造方法、装置、电池和用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体及其制造方法、装置、电池和用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023130235A1
WO2023130235A1 PCT/CN2022/070197 CN2022070197W WO2023130235A1 WO 2023130235 A1 WO2023130235 A1 WO 2023130235A1 CN 2022070197 W CN2022070197 W CN 2022070197W WO 2023130235 A1 WO2023130235 A1 WO 2023130235A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plate
tab
opening
main body
battery cell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/070197
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林嘉
陈文伟
时欢
林江
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP22917713.4A priority Critical patent/EP4362184A1/en
Priority to CN202280022975.7A priority patent/CN117063336A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2022/070197 priority patent/WO2023130235A1/zh
Publication of WO2023130235A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023130235A1/zh
Priority to US18/472,000 priority patent/US20240014476A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/14—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0404—Machines for assembling batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/049—Processes for forming or storing electrodes in the battery container
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/131—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by physical properties, e.g. gas permeability, size or heat resistance
    • H01M50/133—Thickness
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/202—Casings or frames around the primary casing of a single cell or a single battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/528—Fixed electrical connections, i.e. not intended for disconnection
    • H01M50/529—Intercell connections through partitions, e.g. in a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, in particular to a battery cell and its manufacturing method, device, battery and electrical device.
  • Batteries such as lithium-ion have been widely used because of their advantages such as high energy density, high power density, high number of cycles, and long storage time.
  • the electrode assembly is generally arranged directly in the casing, but the electrode assembly may be damaged during the process of being installed in the casing and when the battery is used, and does not have high reliability.
  • the purpose of this application is to improve the reliability of battery cells during assembly and use.
  • a battery cell including: an electrode assembly, including a main body and a tab, and the tab is connected to the side of the main body along a first direction; and a protective frame, which is an integral structure and It includes three sections of protection panels, which are respectively used to protect the three sides of the main body.
  • the three sections of protection panels include a first panel, a second panel and a third panel, the third panel is located between the first panel and the second panel, and the third panel
  • the two ends of the three plates are respectively connected to the first end of the first plate and the first end of the second plate, and at least one of the first plate, the second plate and the third plate is provided with an opening; wherein, the tab is drawn out from the opening .
  • the protective frame by providing a protective frame on the electrode assembly, the sides of the electrode assembly can be protected, so as to protect the electrode assembly during the process of putting the electrode assembly into the case and after being put into the case, so as to prevent the electrode assembly from being damaged.
  • the protective frame adopts an integrated structure with overall rigidity. After installation, the overall rigidity of the electrode assembly can be improved, and it is easy to assemble.
  • the protective frame occupies a small space and has little impact on the energy density of the battery cell. It is relatively thin for thin batteries. good adaptability.
  • the tabs are led out from the opening of the protective frame, which can play the role of constricting the tabs, bringing together the fluffy tabs, which is convenient for electrical connection with the electrode terminals by welding, and can also prevent the tabs from being inserted into the
  • the active substance falls off in the main body.
  • the first plate, the second plate and the third plate are all arranged parallel to the second direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • This embodiment can make the first plate and the second plate respectively used to protect the two sides adjacent to the side of the lead-out tab of the main body, and these two sides are arranged opposite along the third direction, which is convenient for installing the protection frame on the electrode outside the component, and it is beneficial to strengthen the fixing effect on the root of the tab.
  • the electrode assembly is a laminated structure
  • the electrode assembly has a first pole piece and a second pole piece with opposite polarities and are stacked along the second direction
  • the first plate and the second plate respectively protect the main body part perpendicular to the second pole piece.
  • the two sides of the three directions, the third direction is perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction.
  • This embodiment adopts a laminated electrode assembly, and the size setting is relatively flexible.
  • the first pole piece and the second pole piece can be cut into a rectangular structure, which can better occupy the space in the casing and increase the energy density of the battery cell.
  • the outer circumference of the first pole piece and the second pole piece can be limited by setting a protective frame, so that all the first pole pieces Aligned with the second pole piece, the first plate and the second plate respectively protect the two sides of the main body perpendicular to the third direction, and protect the three end faces of the electrode assembly through the protection plate, which can prevent impurities from passing through the pole piece Between them enter the interior of the main body, and prevent the electrode assembly from being damaged due to the incomplete alignment of the ends during the process of loading into the casing.
  • the electrode assembly includes two tabs, the two tabs are respectively located on both sides of the main body along the first direction, an opening is provided on the third plate, and one of the tabs is led out from the opening.
  • one of the lugs is led out from the opening of the protective frame, which facilitates loading of the protective frame from one side of the lug and facilitates assembly.
  • the first plate, the second plate and the third plate integrally cover corresponding protected sides of the main body portion.
  • This embodiment can provide more sufficient protection to the side of the main body through the protection plate, has a better protection effect, and can increase the overall rigidity of the electrode assembly to the greatest extent.
  • the first board, the second board and the third board can also partially cover the corresponding protected sides.
  • first pre-folds are provided at the joints of the third board and the first board and the joints of the third board and the second board.
  • the protective frame by setting the first pre-folding line, as shown in the figure, before assembly, the protective frame has a long strip structure, which is not easy to be deformed during storage and transportation.
  • the protective frame when assembling, the protective frame is bent at the first pre-fold to form a predetermined structure. Since the strength of the protective frame at the first pre-fold is smaller than that at other positions, the protective frame can be bent after bending. The shape can better match the electrode assembly, so that the protective frame can better protect the electrode assembly.
  • the thickness of the third plate is greater than the thickness of the first plate and the second plate; and greater than the thickness of the first plate and the second plate.
  • the overall strength of the protective frame can be improved, the overall protection of the electrode assembly can be increased, and the protection of the tab can be increased.
  • the opening extends along the width direction of the tab
  • the protective plate is respectively provided with a cutout at both ends of the opening along the width direction of the tab, and each cutout extends a preset distance to both sides of the opening, so that the opening and the two The two cutouts define two door structures configured to be relatively openable in a direction away from the main body.
  • two cutouts are provided at both ends of the opening, so that they together define two door structures with the opening, and the two door structures can be opened outwards, so that the tabs can pass through the openings, and after the tabs pass through, , the door structure returns to the original position under the action of material elastic force or external force to better tighten the tabs.
  • This structure not only facilitates the assembly of the protective frame and the electrode assembly, but also ensures the effect of tightening the tabs, thus Improve assembly performance.
  • a second pre-crease is provided at the connecting line between the ends of the two cutouts located on the same side.
  • the strength of the second pre-fold is smaller than that of other positions, and when the tab is passed through the opening, it is easier to make the door structure open outward with the second pre-fold as the axis, Allows tabs to pass through openings. Moreover, after the tab passes through the opening, the door structure can also be conveniently pressed back toward the main body to ensure the constricting effect on the tab.
  • the protective frame further includes a reinforcing plate, the reinforcing plate is attached to the outer surface of the third plate, the reinforcing plate is provided with a through groove, and the size of the through groove is not smaller than the area defined by the two cutouts.
  • the thickness of the third plate can be increased, which can improve the overall strength of the protective frame, increase the overall protection of the electrode assembly, and increase the protection of the tabs.
  • through grooves are provided on the reinforcement plate to avoid the door opening structure, so as not to limit the opening and closing of the door structure, so as to ensure that the tabs pass through the opening smoothly.
  • an adhesive layer is also included, and the adhesive layer is attached on the outside of the tab to fix the tab to the protective plate with the opening.
  • an adhesive layer is attached on both sides of the tab, and after the tab is passed through the opening and the protective frame is installed in place, the protective plate and the tab can be kept relatively fixed, so that The lugs are better tightened, and the adhesive layer is easy to set without increasing the difficulty of assembly.
  • the battery cell further includes two plastic plates, and the two plastic plates are respectively arranged on both sides of the opening. The gap between the plastic plates leads out.
  • two plastic plates are fixed on the protective plate on both sides of the tab by hot-melting, so that the protective plate and the tab can be kept relatively fixed for better storage. Beam polar ears. Moreover, fixing the plastic plate after the tab passes through the opening can make the tab go through smoothly, and the plastic plate can also play a role in strengthening the protection plate to increase the rigidity of the protection plate and better accommodate the tab. bundle effect.
  • the opening is disposed on the third plate, and both the first end of the first plate and the first end of the second plate are higher than the outer surface of the third plate along the first direction.
  • This embodiment can protect the tab through the part of the first plate and the second plate that is higher than the third plate, preventing the end of the tab along the width direction from being damaged during assembly or use.
  • the structure extending close to the end of the main body can play a better protective role, preventing contact and short circuit between the tab and the housing due to vibration or impact during use.
  • the protective frame further includes two connecting plates, and the two ends of the third plate are respectively connected to the first end of the first plate and the first end of the second plate through a connecting plate.
  • connecting plates are provided at the joints between the two ends of the third plate and the first plate and the second plate, which not only facilitates the integrated molding of this special-shaped protective frame, but also increases the strength of the protective frame at the bend, which is beneficial Improve the overall rigidity of the protective frame to protect the electrode assembly more effectively.
  • first pre-folds are provided at the joints of the first board and the connecting board, the joints of the two ends of the third board and the two connecting boards, and the joints of the second board and the connecting board.
  • the protective frame can be set as a strip structure before assembly, and it is not easy to be deformed during storage and transportation.
  • two first pre-folded frames with a preset distance can be set on both sides of the third plate.
  • the preset distance is the width of the connecting plate, and the opening can extend on the third plate to reach the outermost first pre-crease.
  • a battery comprising: the battery cell of the above embodiment; and a housing assembly for accommodating the battery cell.
  • an electric device including the battery of the above embodiment, where the battery is used to provide electric energy for the electric device.
  • a method for manufacturing a battery cell including:
  • Step of providing components providing electrode assembly and protective frame; wherein, the electrode assembly includes a main body and tabs, the tabs are arranged on the side of the main body along the first direction, and the protective frame is an integral structure and includes three sections of protective plates, respectively On the three sides of the protective main body, the three-section protective plate includes a first plate, a second plate and a third plate, the third plate is located between the first plate and the second plate, and the two ends of the third plate are respectively connected to the first end of the first plate and the first end of the second plate, at least one of the first plate, the second plate and the third plate is provided with an opening;
  • Tab lead-out step lead the tab out from the opening
  • the frame body assembly step make the three sections of protective plates respectively protect the three sides of the main body.
  • a battery cell manufacturing device including:
  • a component providing device configured to provide an electrode assembly and a protective frame; wherein the electrode assembly includes a main body and tabs, the tabs are arranged on the side of the main body along a first direction, and the protective frame is an integral structure and includes three sections of protective plates , respectively used to protect the three sides of the main body, the three-section protective plate includes the first plate, the second plate and the third plate, the third plate is located between the first plate and the second plate, and the two ends of the third plate respectively connected to the first end of the first plate and the first end of the second plate, at least one of the first plate, the second plate and the third plate is provided with an opening;
  • a tab extraction device configured to enable the tab to exit the opening
  • the frame assembly device is configured so that the three sections of the protection plate respectively protect the three sides of the main body.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of some embodiments of the present application in which batteries are installed in vehicles.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of some embodiments of the battery of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a front view of some embodiments of battery cells of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A of FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of B in FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded view of some embodiments of battery cells of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of some embodiments of an electrode assembly.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of some embodiments in which the protective frame is installed on the electrode assembly.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the protective frame in Fig. 8 in an unfolded state.
  • FIG. 10 is a structural schematic diagram of the protective frame in FIG. 8 in a bent state.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of some embodiments in which reinforcing plates are arranged on the side of the third plate.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of setting an adhesive layer between the third plate and the tab.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of arranging a plastic plate outside the third plate.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic structural view of other embodiments in which the protective frame is installed on the electrode assembly.
  • Fig. 15 is a front view of Fig. 14 .
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic structural view of the protective frame in Fig. 14 in an unfolded state.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural view of the protective frame in FIG. 14 in a bent state.
  • FIG. 18 is a flowchart of some embodiments of the manufacturing method of the battery cell of the present application.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural view of some embodiments of a manufacturing device for a battery cell of the present application.
  • Electrode assembly 11 Main body; 111. First pole piece; 112. Second pole piece; 113. Diaphragm; 12. Tab; 2. Protective frame; 21. First plate; 22. Second board; 23. Third board; 231. Opening; 232. Incision; 233. Door structure; 24. Reinforcing board; 241. Through groove; 25. First pre-crease; ; 27, adhesive layer; 28, plastic plate; 29, connecting plate; 3, shell; 31, opening; 4, end cap assembly; 41, end cap body; 42, electrode terminal; 5, adapter;
  • Manufacturing device 400. Manufacturing device; 410. Component supply equipment; 420. Tab lead-out equipment; 430. Frame assembly equipment.
  • connection should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a flexible connection. Disassembled connection, or integral connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary.
  • connection should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a flexible connection. Disassembled connection, or integral connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least some of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the occurrences of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood explicitly and implicitly by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two), similarly, “multiple groups” refers to more than two groups (including two), and “multiple pieces” refers to More than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • connection should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a flexible connection. Disassembled connection, or integral connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary.
  • connection should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a flexible connection. Disassembled connection, or integral connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least some of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the occurrences of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood explicitly and implicitly by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two), similarly, “multiple groups” refers to more than two groups (including two), and “multiple pieces” refers to More than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including multiple battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack, and the like.
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, or magnesium-ion batteries, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell can be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and pouch battery cells, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • a current battery cell generally includes a case and an electrode assembly accommodated in the case, and the case is filled with electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly is mainly formed by stacking or winding a first pole piece and a second pole piece with opposite polarities, and a diaphragm is usually arranged between the first pole piece and the second pole piece.
  • the part of the first pole piece and the second pole piece coated with the active material constitutes the main body of the electrode assembly, and the part of the first pole piece and the second pole piece not coated with the active material constitutes the first tab and the second tab respectively.
  • the first pole piece can be a positive pole piece, including a positive current collector and a positive active material layer arranged on both sides of the positive current collector.
  • the material of the positive current collector can be aluminum, for example, and the positive active material can be, for example, Lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.; the second pole piece can be a negative pole piece, including a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer arranged on both sides of the negative electrode current collector, and the material of the negative electrode current collector
  • it may be copper
  • the negative electrode active material may be, for example, graphite or silicon.
  • the first tab and the second tab can be located at one end of the main body together or at two ends of the main body respectively. During the charge and discharge process of the battery cell, the positive active material and the negative active material react with the electrolyte, and the tabs are connected to the terminals to form a current loop.
  • a protective frame can be provided outside the electrode assembly.
  • the inventor thought of an idea to set up a plurality of independent protective plates, and set a fixed interface on the protective plate, such as a buckle or a fastener fixing hole, etc., so that the battery
  • a fixed interface on the protective plate such as a buckle or a fastener fixing hole, etc.
  • the present application needs to design a protective frame for the electrode assembly, which can reduce the difficulty of assembly and reduce the impact on the energy density of the battery cell while providing better protection for the electrode assembly.
  • the battery of the present application can be used in electric devices, which can provide electric energy for electric devices.
  • the devices can be mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, battery cars, electric vehicles, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and electric tools, etc., for example, spacecraft Including airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spaceships, etc.
  • Electric toys include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • Electric tools include metal cutting electric toys Tools, grinding power tools, assembly power tools and railway power tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators and electric planers.
  • the electrical device can be a vehicle 300, such as a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or an extended-range vehicle, etc.; or the electrical device can also be a drone or a ship, etc. .
  • the vehicle 300 may include an axle 301, a wheel 302 connected to the axle 301, a motor 303, a controller 304 and a battery 200, the motor 303 is used to drive the axle 301 to rotate, and the controller 304 is used to control the operation of the motor 303,
  • the battery 200 can be arranged at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 300 to provide electric energy for the operation of the motor 303 and other components in the vehicle.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of some embodiments of a battery 200 of the present application, and the battery 200 includes a casing assembly 201 and a battery cell 100 .
  • the battery 200 there may be one or more battery cells 100 .
  • the multiple battery cells 100 can be connected in series, parallel or mixed. 100 are firstly connected in series or in parallel or mixed to form a battery module, and then a plurality of battery modules are connected in series or in parallel or mixed to form a whole and accommodated in the housing assembly 201 . It is also possible that all the battery cells 100 are directly connected in series, in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of all the battery cells 100 is accommodated in the housing assembly 201 .
  • housing assembly 201 may include a case 201A and a cover 201B.
  • the box body 201A and the cover body 201B are fastened together.
  • both the box body 201A and the cover body 201B can be hollow cuboids and each has only one face as an opening surface.
  • the box 201A is a cuboid with an opening and the cover 201B is a plate, or the cover 201B is a cuboid with an opening and the box 201A is a plate, and the box 201A and the cover 201B are arranged oppositely and snapped together.
  • a box is formed with a closed chamber. After at least one battery module 100' is connected in parallel, in series or mixed, it is placed in a closed chamber formed by fastening the box body 201A and the cover body 201B.
  • the present application provides a battery cell 100 , including: a casing 3 , an end cap assembly 4 and an electrode assembly 1 .
  • the casing 3 has an opening 31 disposed toward the first direction x
  • the electrode assembly 1 is disposed in the casing 3
  • the end cap assembly 4 is configured to close the opening 31 .
  • the end cover assembly 4 includes an end cover body 41 and an electrode terminal 42 provided on the end cover body 41.
  • the housing 3 can have openings 31 respectively arranged at both ends along the first direction x, and the openings 31 at both ends respectively pass through an end cover body 41 is closed, and an electrode terminal 42 is respectively arranged on the two end cap bodies 41, and the electrode terminal 42 can be arranged in the area close to the end of the end cap body 41 along the third direction z, or in the middle area.
  • the end cap body 41 is in the shape of a rectangular plate, and the two electrode terminals 42 are respectively a positive terminal and a negative terminal, and one electrode terminal 42 of each type may be provided, or multiple electrode terminals may be provided.
  • the electrode terminal 42 can be a rectangular column or a cylinder or the like.
  • the electrode terminal 42 and the end cap body 41 can be integrally injection-molded to reduce assembly difficulty, or other assembly methods can be used.
  • the electrode assembly 1 includes a main body 11 and a tab 12 , and the tab 12 is connected to the side of the main body 11 along a first direction x.
  • the electrode assembly 1 includes two kinds of tabs 12 with opposite polarities.
  • the two tabs 12 are drawn out from both sides of the main body 11 along the first direction x, and are electrically connected to the electrode terminals 42 through the adapters 5 .
  • the housing 3 may have an opening 31 at one end along the first direction x, and the opening 31 is closed by the end cap body 41 , and the two electrode terminals 42 are both provided on the same end cap body 41 .
  • the battery cell 100 further includes: a protective frame 2, the protective frame 2 is an integral structure and includes three sections of protective plates, respectively used to protect the three sides of the main body 11, three sections
  • the protective plate includes a first plate 21, a second plate 22 and a third plate 23, the third plate 23 is located between the first plate 21 and the second plate 22, and the two ends of the third plate 23 are respectively connected to the first plate 21
  • At least one of the first plate 21 , the second plate 22 and the third plate 23 is provided with an opening 231 , and the tab 12 is drawn out from the opening 231 .
  • the protective frame 2 can be made of metal material, and an insulating layer is provided on the inner side of the protective frame 2, or the protective frame 2 can be made of a hard insulating material such as polypropylene (PP).
  • the protective frame 2 is an integral structure with a thin plate structure, for example, it can be formed by folding a complete plate, or the independent first plate 21 , second plate 22 and third plate 23 are fixed together by welding or other means.
  • the protective plate may cover part of or the entire side of the main body part 11 .
  • the first plate 21 , the second plate 22 and the third plate 23 can form an n-shaped structure, and the second end of the first plate 21 and the second end of the second plate 22 are free ends.
  • the pole lug 12 is led out from the opening 231 to play the role of converging the pole lug 12.
  • the upper opening 231 leads out.
  • the bundled tabs 12 can be bent so as to be directly electrically connected to the electrode terminals 42 , or to be electrically connected to the electrode terminals 42 through the adapter 5 .
  • the side of the electrode assembly 1 can be protected, so that the electrode assembly 1 can be protected during the process of putting the electrode assembly 1 into the casing 3 and after being put into the casing 3 , to prevent the electrode assembly 1 assembly from being damaged.
  • the protective frame 2 adopts an integrated structure and has overall rigidity. After installation, the overall rigidity of the electrode assembly 1 can be improved, and it is easy to assemble.
  • the protective frame 2 occupies a small space and has little influence on the energy density of the battery cell 100. For Thin batteries have better adaptability.
  • the tabs 12 are led out from the opening 231 of the protective frame 2, which can play the role of constricting the tabs 12, bringing together the fluffy tabs to facilitate electrical connection with the electrode terminals 42 by welding, and prevent Inserting the tab 12 into the main body 11 causes the active material to fall off.
  • the protective frame 2 outside the electrode assembly 1 , interference between the electrode assembly 1 and the rounded corners provided at the edges of the casing 3 can be avoided. The above advantages can improve the reliability and safety of the battery cell 100 during assembly and use.
  • the first plate 21 , the second plate 22 and the third plate 23 are all arranged parallel to the second direction y, and the second direction y is perpendicular to the first direction x.
  • the first plate 21 and the second plate 22 can be respectively used to protect the two sides adjacent to the side of the main body 11 leading out the tab 12, and these two sides are arranged opposite to each other along the third direction z, so as to facilitate the
  • the protective frame 2 is installed outside the electrode assembly 1 and is beneficial to strengthen the fixing effect on the root of the tab 12 .
  • the electrode assembly 1 has a laminated structure, and the electrode assembly 1 has a first pole piece 111 and a second pole piece 112 that are opposite in polarity and stacked along the second direction y.
  • 21 and the second plate 22 respectively protect two sides of the main body 11 perpendicular to the third direction z, which is perpendicular to the first direction x and the second direction y.
  • the first plate 21 , the second plate 22 and the third plate 23 are all parallel to the second direction y, that is, parallel to the thickness direction of the electrode assembly 1 .
  • the electrode assembly 1 is stacked along the second direction y through the first pole piece 111, the second pole piece 112 and the diaphragm 113, the first pole piece 111 and the second pole piece 112 are arranged alternately, and the diaphragm 113 connects the first pole piece
  • the piece 111 is spaced apart from the second pole piece 112 .
  • the first pole piece 111 , the second pole piece 112 and the diaphragm 113 can all have a rectangular structure.
  • This embodiment adopts a laminated electrode assembly 1, and the size setting is relatively flexible.
  • the first pole piece 111 and the second pole piece 112 can be cut into a rectangular structure, which can better occupy the space in the casing 3 and improve the battery capacity. 100 energy density.
  • the protective frame 2 can be installed between the first pole piece 111 and the second pole piece 112.
  • the outer circumference is limited, so that all the first pole pieces 111 and the second pole pieces 112 are kept aligned, and the first plate 21 and the second plate 22 respectively protect the two sides of the main body 11 perpendicular to the third direction z, relative to the passing through
  • the protective plate protects the three end faces of the electrode assembly 1, which can prevent impurities from entering the interior of the main body 11 through between the pole pieces, and prevent the electrode assembly 1 from being damaged due to the incomplete alignment of the ends during the process of loading the electrode assembly 1 into the casing 3.
  • the protective frame 2 of the present application can also be applied to a wound electrode assembly 1 .
  • the electrode assembly 1 includes two tabs 12 , the two tabs 12 are respectively located on both sides of the main body 11 along the first direction x, and the opening 231 is provided on the third plate 23 , one of the tabs 12 is drawn out from the opening 231 .
  • the opening 231 may be disposed in the middle area of the third plate 23 along the third direction z, or may also be offset.
  • one of the tabs 12 is led out from the opening 231 of the protective frame 2 , so that the protective frame 2 is conveniently inserted from one side of the tab 12 and is easy to assemble.
  • the first board 21 , the second board 22 and the third board 23 all integrally cover the corresponding protected sides on the main body 11 .
  • the first plate 21 and the second plate 22 can extend along the first direction x to reach the end cover body 41 on the other side, and the widths of the first plate 21, the second plate 22 and the third plate 23 are not less than The dimension of the electrode assembly 1 along the second direction y, that is, the thickness of the electrode assembly 1 .
  • This embodiment can provide more sufficient protection to the side of the main body part 11 through the protection plate, has a better protection effect, and can increase the overall rigidity of the electrode assembly 1 to the greatest extent.
  • the first board 21 , the second board 22 and the third board 23 may also partially cover the corresponding protected sides.
  • connection between the third board 23 and the first board 21 and the connection between the third board 23 and the second board 22 are all provided with a first pre-crease 25 .
  • the crease 25 may extend along the second direction y.
  • the first pre-folding line 25 may be a line whose thickness is continuously thinned, or a line whose thickness is intermittently thinned, or through grooves provided intermittently.
  • the protective frame 2 has a long strip structure, which is not easily deformed during storage and transportation.
  • the protective frame 2 is bent at the first pre-folding line 25 to form a predetermined structure. Since the strength of the protective frame 2 at the first pre-folding line 25 is smaller than other positions, after bending The shape of the protective frame 2 can be better matched with the electrode assembly 1 , so that the protective frame 2 can better protect the electrode assembly 1 .
  • the tab 12 can be passed through the opening 231 first, and then the protective frame 2 can be bent; or the protective frame 2 can also be bent first, and then the tab 12 can be passed through the opening 231 .
  • the thickness of the third plate 23 is greater than the thickness of the first plate 21 and the second plate 22 .
  • the protective frame 2 also includes a reinforcing plate 24, the reinforcing plate 24 is attached to the side of the third plate 23, and the sum of the thicknesses of the reinforcing plate 24 and the third plate 23 is greater than that of the first plate 21 and the second plate 22 thickness.
  • the reinforcing plate 24 can be pasted on the side of the third plate 23 by an adhesive, or if the reinforcing plate 24 is a metal plate, it can be welded to the third plate 23, or the reinforcing plate 24 can be a hot-melt plastic plate, which can fixed on the third board 23 .
  • the overall strength of the protective frame 2 can be improved, the overall protection of the electrode assembly 1 can be increased, and the protection of the tabs 12 can also be increased.
  • the opening 231 extends along the width direction of the tab 12
  • the protective plate is respectively provided with a cutout 232 at both ends of the opening 231 along the width direction of the tab 12 , and each cutout 232 faces toward the opening.
  • Both sides of 231 extend for a preset distance, so that the opening 231 and the two cutouts 232 define two door structures 233 , and the two door structures 233 are configured to be relatively open in a direction away from the main body 11 .
  • the tab 12 is provided at the end of the main body 11 along the first direction x, the width direction of the tab 12 can be consistent with the third direction z, and the opening 231 extends along the third direction z, and the extension length is not less than the tab 12 width.
  • the cutouts 232 can extend a predetermined distance from the end of the opening 231 to both sides along the second direction y, so that the opening 231 and the opening 231 define the door structure 233 together.
  • the notch 232 can be a cut line, or can also be a long and thin groove, so as to prevent the door structure 233 from interfering with other areas of the third board 23 when opening and closing.
  • two cutouts 232 are provided at both ends of the opening 231, so that they together with the opening 231 define two door structures 233, and the two door structures 233 can be opened outwards, so that the tab 12 can pass through the opening 231 , and after the tab 12 passes through, the door structure 233 returns to the original position under the action of material elastic force or external force to better restrain the tab 12.
  • This structure facilitates the assembly of the protective frame 2 and the electrode assembly 1 , and can ensure the effect of converging the tab 12, thereby improving the assembly performance.
  • a second pre-crease 26 is provided at the line between the ends of the two cutouts 232 on the same side.
  • the second pre-folding line 26 may extend along the third direction z, for example, the second pre-folding line 26 may be a line whose thickness is continuously thinned, or a line whose thickness is intermittently thinned, or through grooves provided intermittently.
  • the strength at the second pre-fold 26 is smaller than that at other positions, so that when the tab 12 passes through the opening 231 , it is easier to make the door structure 233 with the second pre-fold 26
  • the shaft is opened outward to facilitate the tab 12 to pass through the opening 231 .
  • the door structure 233 can also be conveniently pressed back toward the main body 11 to ensure the constricting effect on the tab 12 .
  • it may also adopt an elastic sheet structure or the like.
  • the protective frame 2 further includes a reinforcing plate 24, the reinforcing plate 24 is attached to the outer surface of the third plate 23, the reinforcing plate 24 is provided with a through groove 241, and the size of the through groove 241 is Not smaller than the area defined by the two cutouts 232 .
  • the size of the through groove 241 along the second direction y is not smaller than the size of the two cutouts 232 along the second direction y
  • the size of the through groove 241 along the third direction z is not smaller than the distance between the two cutouts 232 along the third direction z .
  • the thickness of the third plate 23 can be increased by providing the reinforcing plate 24 , which can improve the overall strength of the protective frame 2 , increase the overall protection of the electrode assembly 1 , and increase the protection of the tab 12 .
  • the through groove 241 is provided on the reinforcing plate 24 to avoid the door opening structure 233 so as not to limit the opening and closing of the door structure 233 , thereby ensuring that the tab 12 passes through the opening 231 smoothly.
  • the battery cell 100 further includes an adhesive layer 27 attached to the outside of the tab 12 to fix the tab 12 to the protective plate with the opening 231 .
  • the adhesive layer 27 is bonded to the protective plate.
  • the adhesive layer 27 may be an adhesive plastic sheet or the like.
  • the opening 231 is provided on the third board 23 , and the adhesive layer 27 is pasted on the outside of the tab 12 , and the adhesive layer 27 fixes the third board 23 and the tab 12 after the tab 12 passes through the opening 231 .
  • the adhesive layer 27 is pasted on both sides of the tab 12. After the tab 12 is passed through the opening 231 and the protective frame 2 is installed in place, the protective plate and the pole can be connected. The lugs 12 are kept relatively fixed to better constrict the tabs 12, and the adhesive layer 27 is easy to set without increasing the difficulty of assembly.
  • the battery cell 100 further includes two plastic plates 28, and the two plastic plates 28 are respectively arranged on both sides of the opening 231, and the plastic plates 28 are fixed by hot-melting to protect the opening 231.
  • the tab 12 is drawn out from the opening 231 and the gap between the two plastic boards 28 .
  • the plastic plate 28 can be heat-fused except for the other three edges near the tab 12 , or only a part of the area can be heat-fused so as to be fixed to the outer side of the protective plate.
  • the opening 231 is arranged on the third board 23 and arranged along the third direction z, two plastic boards 28 are respectively arranged on both sides of the opening 231 along the second direction y, and the outer edge of the plastic board 28 along the second direction y can be Beyond the second pre-folding line 26 to prevent the door structure 233 from opening outwards after the tab 12 passes through the opening 231 .
  • two plastic plates 28 are fixed on the protective plate on both sides of the tab 12 by thermal melting, so that the protective plate and the tab 12 can be kept relatively fixed. To better tighten the tabs 12. Moreover, after the tab 12 passes through the opening 231, the plastic plate 28 is fixed, so that the tab 12 can pass through smoothly, and the plastic plate 28 can also play the role of strengthening the protection plate to increase the rigidity of the protection plate. Play a better constriction effect.
  • the opening 231 is provided on the third plate 23, and the first end of the first plate 21 and the first end of the second plate 22 are higher than the first end of the second plate 22 along the first direction x.
  • This embodiment can protect the tab 12 through the part of the first plate 21 and the second plate 22 higher than the third plate 23, preventing the end of the tab 12 along the width direction from being damaged during assembly or use.
  • the structure in which the lug 12 has a larger width and extends close to the end of the main body can play a better protective role, preventing contact short circuit between the lug 12 and the housing 3 due to vibration or impact during use.
  • the protective frame 2 further includes two connecting plates 29 , and the two ends of the third plate 23 are respectively connected to the first end of the first plate 21 and the first end of the second plate 22 through a connecting plate 29 .
  • the first board 21 , the connecting board 29 , the third board 23 , the connecting board 29 and the second board 22 are sequentially connected together to form the protection frame 2 .
  • a connecting plate 29 is provided at the connection between the two ends of the third plate 23 and the first plate 21 and the second plate 22, which not only facilitates the integral molding of this special-shaped protective frame 2, but also increases the folding capacity of the protective frame 2.
  • the strength of the bend is conducive to improving the overall rigidity of the protective frame 2, thereby protecting the electrode assembly 1 more effectively.
  • connection between the first board 21 and the connection board 29, the connection between the two ends of the third board 23 and the two connection boards 29, and the connection between the second board 22 and the connection board 29 are provided with First pre-crease 25.
  • the protective frame 2 can be set as a strip structure before assembly, and it is not easy to deform during storage and transportation.
  • two spacers can be respectively set on both sides of the third plate 23.
  • the first pre-crease 25 is at a preset distance, the preset distance being the width of the connecting plate 29 , and the opening 231 can extend on the third plate 23 to reach the outermost first pre-crease 25 .
  • the protective frame 2 is bent at the first pre-folding line 25 to form a predetermined structure.
  • the strength of the protective frame 2 at the first pre-folding line 25 is smaller than other positions, after bending
  • the shape of the protective frame 2 can be better matched with the electrode assembly 1 , so that the protective frame 2 can better protect the electrode assembly 1 .
  • the tab 12 can be passed through the opening 231 first, and then the protective frame 2 can be bent; or the protective frame 2 can also be bent first, and then the tab 12 can be passed through the opening 231 .
  • the battery cell 100 includes: a casing 3 , an end cap assembly 4 and an electrode assembly 1 .
  • the casing 3 has an opening 31 disposed toward the first direction x
  • the electrode assembly 1 is disposed in the casing 3
  • the end cap assembly 4 is configured to close the opening 31 .
  • the end cover assembly 4 includes an end cover body 41 and an electrode terminal 42 provided on the end cover body 41.
  • the housing 3 can have openings 31 respectively arranged at both ends along the first direction x, and the openings 31 at both ends respectively pass through an end cover body 41 is closed, and two electrode terminals 42 are respectively arranged on the two end cap bodies 41 , and the two electrode terminals 42 are located in areas close to different ends of the respective end cap bodies 41 along the third direction z.
  • the tab 12 can be electrically connected to the electrode terminal 42 through the adapter 5 .
  • the battery cell 100 also includes a protective frame 2, which is integrally formed and includes three sections of protection plates, the three sections of protection plates include a first plate 21, a second plate 22 and a third plate 23,
  • the third plate 23 is located between the first plate 21 and the second plate 22, and the two ends of the third plate 23 are respectively connected to the first end of the first plate 21 and the first end of the second plate 22, the third plate 23
  • An opening 231 is provided on the top.
  • the opening 231 extends along the third direction z and is offset to one end relative to the center position on the third plate 23 .
  • the third plate 23 is located between the main body portion 11 and the end cap assembly 4 .
  • the electrode assembly 1 is a stacked structure, the electrode assembly 1 is stacked along the second direction y through the first pole piece 111, the second pole piece 112 and the diaphragm 113, the first pole piece 111 and the second pole piece 112
  • the opposite polarities are arranged alternately, and the diaphragm 113 separates the first pole piece 111 and the second pole piece 112 .
  • the first plate 21, the second plate 22 and the third plate 23 are all arranged parallel to the second direction y, and respectively protect the three side ends of the electrode assembly 1, the first plate 21 and the second plate 22 They are all perpendicular to the third direction z and oppositely arranged, and the third plate 23 is perpendicular to the first direction x.
  • the protective frame 2 is a strip thin plate structure, and the joints between the third plate 23 and the first plate 21 and the joints between the third plate 23 and the second plate 22 are all provided with a first preset.
  • the crease 25, the first pre-crease 25, may extend along the second direction y.
  • the protective frame 2 is bent at the first pre-folded line 25 to form an n-shaped structure whose shape can match the electrode assembly 1 .
  • the tab 12 can be passed through the opening 231 first, and then the protective frame 2 can be bent; or the protective frame 2 can be bent first, and then the tab 12 can be passed through the opening 231 .
  • the thickness of the third plate 23 is greater than the thickness of the first plate 21 and the second plate 22, or the protective frame 2 also includes a reinforcing plate 24, and the reinforcing plate 24 is attached to the outer surface of the third plate 23 to strengthen The sum of the thicknesses of the plate 24 and the third plate 23 is greater than the thicknesses of the first plate 21 and the second plate 22 .
  • the reinforcement board 24 can be a hot-melt plastic board, which is fixed to the third board 23 by hot-melting.
  • the opening 231 extends along the width direction of the tab 12.
  • the width direction of the tab 12 is the third direction z.
  • the third plate 23 is respectively provided with a cutout 232 at both ends of the opening 231 along the width direction of the tab 12.
  • Each cutout 232 is Extending a preset distance to both sides of the opening 231, so that the opening 231 and the two cutouts 232 define two door structures 233, and the line between the ends of the two cutouts 232 on the same side is provided with a second pre-crease 26.
  • the second pre-crease 26 may extend along a third direction z.
  • the two door structures 233 rotate along the second pre-folding line 26 to relatively open toward the direction away from the main body 11, and after the tab 12 passes through, the door structure 233 is elastic in material Under the action of force or external force, it returns to the original position to better confine the tab 12.
  • the battery cell 100 further includes an adhesive layer 27 , and the adhesive layer 27 is pasted on the outside of the tab 12 to fix the tab 12 to the protective plate with the opening 231 .
  • the adhesive layer 27 Before installing the protective frame 2, stick the adhesive layer 27 on both sides of the tab 12. After the tab 12 passes through the opening 231 and the protective frame 2 is installed in place, the protective plate and the tab 12 can be kept opposite Fix it so that the tab 12 can be better contained.
  • the battery cell 100 also includes two plastic plates 28, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the opening 231, and the plastic plates 28 are fixed on the outside of the protective plate of the opening 231 by hot-melting. 12 is drawn out from the gap between the opening 231 and the two plastic plates 28. After the tab 12 passes through the opening 231, two plastic plates 28 are fixed on the protective plate on both sides of the tab 12 by thermal melting, so that the protective plate and the tab 12 can be kept relatively fixed for better Converge the pole ear 12 on the ground.
  • the present application provides a method for manufacturing a battery cell 100.
  • the method includes:
  • electrode assembly 1 and protective frame 2 are Integral structure and includes three sections of protection plates, respectively used to protect the three sides of the main body 11, the three sections of protection plates include a first plate 21, a second plate 22 and a third plate 23, the third plate 23 is located on the first plate 21 and the second plate 22, and the two ends of the third plate 23 are respectively connected to the first end of the first plate 21 and the first end of the second plate 22, the first plate 21, the second plate 22 and the third plate At least one of 23 is provided with an opening 231;
  • S110, S120 and S130 are executed sequentially.
  • the present application provides a manufacturing device 400 of the battery cell 100. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. .
  • the component providing device 410 is configured to provide the electrode assembly 1 and the protective frame 2; wherein the electrode assembly 1 includes a main body 11 and a tab 12, the tab 12 is arranged on the side of the main body 11 along the first direction x, and the protective frame 2 is an integral structure and includes three sections of protection plates, which are respectively used to protect the three sides of the main body 11.
  • the three sections of protection plates include a first plate 21, a second plate 22 and a third plate 23, and the third plate 23 is located on the first Between the plate 21 and the second plate 22, and the two ends of the third plate 23 are respectively connected to the first end of the first plate 21 and the first end of the second plate 22, the first plate 21, the second plate 22 and the second plate At least one of the three boards 23 is provided with an opening 231 .
  • the tab drawing device 420 is configured to lead the tab 12 out from the opening 231 .
  • the frame assembly device 430 is configured such that the three sections of protection plates respectively protect the three sides of the main body part 11 .

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  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种电池单体及其制造方法、装置、电池和用电装置，其中，电池单体(100)包括：电极组件(1)，包括主体部(11)和极耳(12)，极耳(12)沿第一方向(x)连接在主体部(11)的侧部；和保护框(2)，为一体结构且包括三段保护板，分别用于保护主体部(11)的三个侧面，三段保护板包括第一板(21)、第二板(22)和第三板(23)，第三板(23)位于第一板(21)和第二板(22)之间，且第三板(23)的两端分别连接于第一板(21)的第一端和第二板(22)的第一端，第一板(21)、第二板(22)和第三板(23)的至少一个上设有开口(231)；其中，极耳(12)从开口(231)引出。

Description

电池单体及其制造方法、装置、电池和用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池单体及其制造方法、装置、电池和用电装置。
背景技术
由于锂离子等电池具有能量密度高、功率密度高、循环使用次数多、存储时间长等优点，因此得到了广泛应用。
目前的电池单体一般将电极组件直接设在壳体内，但是电极组件在装入壳体的过程中和电池使用时都有可能发生损伤，不具备较高的可靠性。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提高电池单体在装配和使用过程中的可靠性。
根据本申请的第一方面，提供了一种电池单体，包括：电极组件，包括主体部和极耳，极耳沿第一方向连接在主体部的侧部；和保护框，为一体结构且包括三段保护板，分别用于保护主体部的三个侧面，三段保护板包括第一板、第二板和第三板，第三板位于第一板和第二板之间，且第三板的两端分别连接于第一板的第一端和第二板的第一端，第一板、第二板和第三板的至少一个上设有开口；其中，极耳从开口引出。
该实施例通过对电极组件设置保护框，能够对电极组件的侧面进行保护，以在电极组件装入壳体的过程中，以及装入壳体后对电极组件进行保护，防止电极组件受到损伤。而且，保护框采用一体结构，具备整体刚性，在安装后可提到电极组件的整体刚性，且便于装配，保护框占用空间小，对电池单体的能量密度影响较小，对于薄型电池有较好的适应性。
此外，极耳从保护框上的开口引出，可起到收束极耳的作用，将蓬松的极耳汇聚到一起，便于通过焊接的方式与电极端子电连接，还可防止极耳内插到主体部中造成活性物质脱落。通过在电极组件外设置保护框，可避免电极组件与壳体棱边处设置的圆角干涉。上述优点可提高电池单体在装配和使用过程中的可靠性和安全性。
在一些实施例中，第一板、第二板和第三板均平行于第二方向设置，第二方向垂直于第一方向。
该实施例能够使第一板和第二板分别用于保护与主体部引出极耳的侧面相邻的两 个侧面，且这两个侧面沿第三方向相对设置，便于将保护框安装在电极组件外，且有利于加强对极耳根部的固定作用。
在一些实施例中，电极组件为层叠结构，电极组件具有极性相反且沿第二方向叠加设置的第一极片和第二极片，第一板和第二板分别保护主体部垂直于第三方向的两个侧面，第三方向垂直于第一方向和第二方向。
该实施例采用叠片式电极组件，尺寸设置比较灵活，第一极片和第二极片可裁切为矩形结构，可更好地占用壳体内的空间，提高电池单体的能量密度。对于叠片式电极组件，由于第一极片和第二极片之间相对独立，通过设置保护框能够在第一极片和第二极片的外周进行限位，使所有的第一极片和第二极片保持对齐，第一板和第二板分别保护主体部垂直于第三方向的两个侧面，相对于通过保护板对电极组件的三个端面进行保护，可防止杂质通过极片之间进入主体部内部，并防止电极组件在装入壳体的过程中由于端部不能完全对齐受到损伤。
在一些实施例中，电极组件包括两个极耳，两个极耳分别位于主体部沿第一方向的两侧，开口设在第三板上，其中一个极耳从开口引出。
该实施例使其中一个极耳从保护框的开口引出，方便将保护框从该极耳的一侧装入，易于装配。
在一些实施例中，第一板、第二板和第三板均整体覆盖主体部上相应的被保护侧面。
该实施例能够通过保护板对主体部的侧面提供更充分的保护，具有较优的保护效果，而且能最大限度地增加电极组件的整体刚度。可选地，第一板、第二板和第三板也可部分覆盖相应的被保护侧面。
在一些实施例中，第三板与第一板的连接处以及第三板与第二板的连接处均设有第一预折痕。
该实施例通过设置第一预折痕，如图所示，在装配之前，保护框为长条结构，在贮存和转运过程中不易发生变形。如图所示，在装配时再将保护框在第一预折痕处弯折形成预定结构，由于保护框在第一预折痕处的强度小于其它位置，在弯折后可使保护框的形状可更好地与电极组件匹配，使保护框能够更好地保护电极组件。
在一些实施例中，第三板的厚度大于第一板和第二板的厚度；或者保护框还包括加强板，加强板贴设于第三板的侧面，加强板与第三板的厚度之和大于第一板和第二板的厚度。
该实施例通过增加第三板的厚度，可提高保护框的整体强度，增加对电极组件的 整体保护作用，并增加对极耳的保护作用。
在一些实施例中，开口沿极耳的宽度方向延伸，保护板在开口沿极耳宽度方向的两端分别设置一个切口，每个切口均向开口两侧延伸预设距离，以使开口与两个切口限定出两个门结构，两个门结构被配置为可朝向远离主体部的方向相对打开。
该实施例通过在开口的两端设置两条切口，使其与开口共同限定出两个门结构，且两个门结构可向外打开，便于使极耳穿过开口，并在极耳穿过后，门结构在材料弹性力或外力的作用下再恢复至初始位置以更好地收束极耳，此种结构既便于保护框与电极组件的装配，又能保证收束极耳的效果，从而提高装配性能。
在一些实施例中，两个切口位于同一侧的端部之间的连线处设有第二预折痕。
该实施例通过设置第二预折痕，第二预折痕处的强度小于其它位置，可在将极耳穿过开口时，更容易使门结构以第二预折痕为轴向外打开，方便极耳穿过开口。而且，在极耳穿过开口后，也可方便地将门结构朝向主体部压回以保证对极耳的收束效果。
在一些实施例中，保护框还包括加强板，加强板贴设于第三板的外侧面，加强板上设有通槽，通槽的尺寸不小于两个切口限定的区域。
该实施例通过设置加强板，能够增加第三板的厚度，可提高保护框的整体强度，增加对电极组件的整体保护作用，并增加对极耳的保护作用。在此基础上，在加强板上设置通槽，可避让开门结构，以免限制门结构的开合，从而保证极耳顺利地穿过开口。
在一些实施例中，还包括粘接层，粘接层贴设在极耳外侧，以将极耳与设置开口的保护板固定。
该实施例通过在安装保护框之前，在极耳的两侧贴设粘接层，在将极耳穿过开口，并将保护框安装到位后，能够使保护板与极耳保持相对固定，以更好地收束极耳，而且粘接层易于设置，不会增加装配难度。
在一些实施例中，电池单体还包括两块塑胶板，两块塑胶板分别设在开口的两侧，塑胶板通过热熔固定在设置开口的保护板的外侧，极耳从开口和两块塑胶板之间的缝隙引出。
该实施例在极耳穿过开口后，再将两块塑胶板通过热熔的方式固定在保护板上位于极耳的两侧，能够使保护板与极耳保持相对固定，以更好地收束极耳。而且，在极耳穿过开口后再固定塑胶板，可使极耳顺利穿过，塑胶板还能起到加强保护板的作用，以增加保护板的刚度，对极耳起到更好的收束作用。
在一些实施例中，开口设于第三板，第一板的第一端和第二板的第一端均沿第一方向高于第三板的外侧面。
该实施例能够通过第一板和第二板高出第三板的部分对极耳进行保护，防止在装配或使用过程中使极耳沿宽度方向的端部受到损伤，对于极耳宽度较大延伸至靠近主体部端部的结构能起到更好的保护作用，防止在使用过程中由于振动或冲击造成极耳与壳体发生接触短路。
在一些实施例中，保护框还包括两段连接板，第三板的两端分别通过一段连接板与第一板的第一端以及第二板的第一端连接。
该实施例通过在第三板两端与第一板和第二板的连接处设置连接板，不仅便于使此种异形的保护框一体成型，也能够增加保护框在折弯处的强度，利于提高保护框的整体刚度，从而更有效地保护电极组件。
在一些实施例中，第一板与连接板的连接处、第三板的两端分别与两个连接板的连接处、第二板与连接板的连接处均设有第一预折痕。
该实施例可在装配之前将保护框设置为长条结构，在贮存和转运过程中不易发生变形，具体地，可在第三板的两侧分别设置两条间隔预设距离的第一预折痕，预设距离即为连接板的宽度，开口可在第三板上延伸至到达最外侧的第一预折痕。在装配时再将保护框在第一预折痕处弯折形成预定结构，由于保护框在第一预折痕处的强度小于其它位置，在弯折后可使保护框的形状可更好地与电极组件匹配，使保护框能够更好地保护电极组件。
根据本申请的第二方面，提供了一种电池，包括：上述实施例的电池单体；以及外壳组件，用于容纳电池单体。
根据本申请的第三方面，提供了一种用电装置，包括上述实施例的电池，所述电池用于为所述用电装置提供电能。
根据本申请的第四方面，提供了一种电池单体的制造方法，包括：
部件提供步骤：提供电极组件和保护框；其中，电极组件包括主体部和极耳，极耳沿第一方向设在主体部的侧部，保护框为一体结构且包括三段保护板，分别用于保护主体部的三个侧面，三段保护板包括第一板、第二板和第三板，第三板位于第一板和第二板之间，且第三板的两端分别连接于第一板的第一端和第二板的第一端，第一板、第二板和第三板的至少一个上设有开口；
极耳引出步骤：使极耳从开口引出；
框体装配步骤：使三段保护板分别保护主体部的三个侧面。
根据本申请的第五方面，提供了一种电池单体的制造装置，包括：
部件提供设备，被配置为提供电极组件和保护框；其中，电极组件包括主体部和 极耳，极耳沿第一方向设在主体部的侧部，保护框为一体结构且包括三段保护板，分别用于保护主体部的三个侧面，三段保护板包括第一板、第二板和第三板，第三板位于第一板和第二板之间，且第三板的两端分别连接于第一板的第一端和第二板的第一端，第一板、第二板和第三板的至少一个上设有开口；
极耳引出设备，被配置为使极耳从开口引出；和
框体装配设备，被配置为使三段保护板分别保护主体部的三个侧面。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请将电池安装于车辆的一些实施例的结构示意图。
图2为本申请电池的一些实施例的分解图。
图3为本申请电池单体的一些实施例的主视图。
图4为图3的A-A剖视图。
图5为图4的B处放大图。
图6为本申请电池单体的一些实施例的分解图。
图7为电极组件的一些实施例的结构示意图。
图8为保护框安装于电极组件的一些实施例的结构示意图。
图9为图8中的保护框处于展开状态的结构示意图。
图10为图8中的保护框处于弯折状态的结构示意图。
图11为在第三板的侧面设置加强板的一些实施例的结构示意图。
图12为在第三板与极耳之间设置粘接层的结构示意图。
图13为在第三板外侧设置塑胶板的结构示意图。
图14为保护框安装于电极组件的另一些实施例的结构示意图。
图15为图14的主视图。
图16为图14中的保护框处于展开状态的结构示意图。
图17为图14中的保护框在处于弯折状态的结构示意图。
图18为本申请电池单体的制造方法的一些实施例的流程图。
图19为本申请电池单体的制造装置的一些实施例的结构示意图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
标记说明：
100、电池单体；1、电极组件；11、主体部；111、第一极片；112、第二极片；113、隔膜；12、极耳；2、保护框；21、第一板；22、第二板；23、第三板；231、开口；232、切口；233、门结构；24、加强板；241、通槽；25、第一预折痕；26、第二预折痕；27、粘接层；28、塑胶板；29、连接板；3、壳体；31、开口；4、端盖组件；41、端盖本体；42、电极端子；5、转接件；
200、电池；201、外壳组件；201A、箱体；201B、盖体；100’、电池模块；
300、车辆；301、车桥；302、车轮；303、马达；304、控制器；
400、制造装置；410、部件提供设备；420、极耳引出设备；430、框体装配设备。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。
在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一些实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
本申请采用了“上”、“下”、“顶”、“底”、“前”、“后”、“内”和“外”等指示的方位或位置关系的描述，这仅是为了便于描述本申请，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请保护范围的限制。
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。
在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一些实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
本申请采用了“上”、“下”、“顶”、“底”、“前”、“后”、“内”和“外”等指示的方位或位置关系的描述，这仅是为了便于描述本申请，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请保护范围的限制。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。
电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
目前的电池单体通常包括壳体和容纳于壳体内的电极组件，并在壳体内填充电解质。电极组件主要由极性相反的第一极片和第二极片层叠或卷绕形成，并且通常在第一极片与第二极片之间设有隔膜。第一极片和第二极片涂覆有活性物质的部分构成电极组件的主体部，第一极片和第二极片未涂覆活性物质的部分各自构成第一极耳和第二极耳。在锂离子电池中，第一极片可以为正极极片，包括正极集流体和设于正极集流体两侧的正极活性物质层，正极集流体的材料例如可以为铝，正极活性物质例如可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等；第二极片可以为负极极片，包括负极集流体和设于负极集流体两侧的负极活性物质层，负极集流体的材料例如可以为铜，负极活性物质例如可以为石墨或硅等。第一极耳和第二极耳可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。在电池单体的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳连接端子以形成电流回路。
发明人在实践中发现，对于层叠结构的电极组件，电极组件的侧端不封闭，并防止电极组件的侧端在装配和使用过程中受到损伤，可在电极组件外设置保护框。为了对电极组件形成较好的保护作用，发明人想到的一种思路是设置多个独立的保护板，并在保护板上设置固定接口，例如卡扣或紧固件固定孔等，以便在电池单体装配时使各保护板贴设在电极组件的端面，并通过卡扣连接或紧固件连接等方式将相邻保护板固定，以拼接成整体的保护框。
但是，此种方式会导致保护框的装配难度较大，影响电池单体的装配效率，而且，为了在保护板上设置固定接口，需要增加保护板的厚度，这样必然会在电池单体内部占用较大的空间，影响电池单体的能量密度。因此，在设计保护框时需要进一步降低装配难度，并尽量减少对能量密度的影响。
基于上述技术问题的发现，本申请需要对电极组件设计一种保护框，在对电极组件提供较好的保护作用的同时，降低装配难度并减少对电池单体能量密度的影响。
本申请的电池可用于电装置，可为用电装置提供电能，装置可以是手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等，例 如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等，电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨。
如图1所示，用电装置可以是车辆300，例如新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；或者用电装置也可以是无人机或轮船等。具体地，车辆300可包括车桥301、连接于车桥301的车轮302、马达303、控制器304和电池200，马达303用于驱动车桥301转动，控制器304用于控制马达303工作，电池200可以设置在车辆300的底部、头部或尾部，用于为马达303以及车辆中其它部件的工作提供电能。
图2为本申请电池200的一些实施例的结构示意图，电池200包括外壳组件201和电池单体100。在电池200中，电池单体100可以是一个，也可以是多个。若电池单体100为多个，多个电池单体100之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体100中既有串联又有并联，可以是多个电池单体100先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于外壳组件201内。也可以是所有电池单体100之间直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将所有电池单体100构成的整体容纳于外壳组件201内。
外壳组件201内部为中空结构，至少一个电池模块100’容纳于外壳组件201内。例如，外壳组件201可以包括箱体201A和盖体201B。箱体201A和盖体201B扣合在一起。例如，箱体201A和盖体201B均可以为中空长方体且各自只有一个面为开口面，箱体201A的开口和盖体201B的开口相对设置，并且箱体201A和盖体201B相互扣合形成具有封闭腔室的箱体。也可以为，箱体201A为具有开口的长方体而盖体201B为板状，或者盖体201B为具有开口的长方体而箱体201A为板状，箱体201A和盖体201B相对设置并扣合而形成具有封闭腔室的箱体。至少一个电池模块100’相互并联或串联或混联组合后，置于箱体201A和盖体201B扣合后形成的封闭腔室内。
如图3和图4所示，本申请提供了一种电池单体100，包括：壳体3、端盖组件4和电极组件1。壳体3具有朝向第一方向x设置的开口31，电极组件1设在壳体3内，端盖组件4被配置为封闭开口31。端盖组件4包括端盖本体41和设在端盖本体41上的电极端子42，壳体3可在沿第一方向x的两端分别设置开口31，两端的开口31分别通过一个端盖本体41封闭，两个端盖本体41上分别设置一个电极端子42，电极端子42可设在端盖本体41沿第三方向z靠近端部的区域，或者设在中间区域。
例如，端盖本体41呈矩形板状结构，两个电极端子42分别为正极端子和负极端子，每种电极端子42可设置一个，或者也可设置多个。电极端子42可矩形柱体或圆柱体等结构。电极端子42与端盖本体41可采用一体注塑成型，可降低装配难度，或采用其它组装方式。
如图5所示的放大图，电极组件1包括主体部11和极耳12，极耳12沿第一方向x连接在主体部11的侧部。例如，电极组件1包括两种极性相反的极耳12，两种极耳12分别从主体部11沿第一方向x的两侧引出，且分别通过转接件5与电极端子42电连接。可选地，壳体3可在沿第一方向x的一端设置开口31，且开口31通过端盖本体41封闭，两个电极端子42均设在同一端盖本体41上。
在一些实施例中，如图6所示，电池单体100还包括：保护框2，保护框2为一体结构且包括三段保护板，分别用于保护主体部11的三个侧面，三段保护板包括第一板21、第二板22和第三板23，第三板23位于第一板21和第二板22之间，且第三板23的两端分别连接于第一板21的第一端和第二板22的第一端，第一板21、第二板22和第三板23的至少一个上设有开口231，极耳12从开口231引出。
保护框2可采用金属材料，并在保护框2的内侧面设置绝缘层，或者保护框2采用硬质绝缘材料例如聚丙烯(PP)等制成。保护框2为一体结构，采用薄板结构，例如，可通过一块完整的板折叠形成，或者将独立的第一板21、第二板22和第三板23通过焊接等方式固定在一起。保护板可覆盖主体部11的部分侧面或整个侧面。第一板21、第二板22和第三板23可形成n形结构，第一板21的第二端和第二板22的第二端为自由端。极耳12从开口231引出起到收束极耳12的作用，对于两种极耳12分别从主体部11两端引出的结构，为了便于装配，也可只使一个极耳12从保护框2上的开口231引出。收束后的极耳12可进行弯折，以便与电极端子42直接电连接，或者通过转接件5与电极端子42电连接。
在装配时，将保护框2的开口端正对主体部11引出极耳12的侧端，并使极耳12从开口231引出，再移动保护框2使第一板21、第二板22和第三板23抵靠于主体部11相应的被保护侧面。各保护板与相应的被保护侧面之间具有间隙，以便于电解液流入主体部11内。而且，为了使电解液能够更顺畅地进入主体部11，保护板上可设置通孔，例如在保护板上的不同区域设置多个通孔。
该实施例通过对电极组件1设置保护框2，能够对电极组件1的侧面进行保护，以在电极组件1装入壳体3的过程中，以及装入壳体3后对电极组件1进行保护，防止电极组件1组件受到损伤。而且，保护框2采用一体结构，具备整体刚性，在安装后可提到 电极组件1的整体刚性，且便于装配，保护框2占用空间小，对电池单体100的能量密度影响较小，对于薄型电池有较好的适应性。
此外，极耳12从保护框2上的开口231引出，可起到收束极耳12的作用，将蓬松的极耳汇聚到一起，便于通过焊接的方式与电极端子42电连接，还可防止极耳12内插到主体部11中造成活性物质脱落。通过在电极组件1外设置保护框2，可避免电极组件1与壳体3棱边处设置的圆角干涉。上述优点可提高电池单体100在装配和使用过程中的可靠性和安全性。
在一些实施例中，第一板21、第二板22和第三板23均平行于第二方向y设置，第二方向y垂直于第一方向x。
该实施例能够使第一板21和第二板22分别用于保护与主体部11引出极耳12的侧面相邻的两个侧面，且这两个侧面沿第三方向z相对设置，便于将保护框2安装在电极组件1外，且有利于加强对极耳12根部的固定作用。
在一些实施例中，如图7所示，电极组件1为层叠结构，电极组件1具有极性相反且沿第二方向y叠加设置的第一极片111和第二极片112，第一板21和第二板22分别保护主体部11垂直于第三方向z的两个侧面，第三方向z垂直于第一方向x和第二方向y。第一板21、第二板22和第三板23均平行于第二方向y，即平行于电极组件1的厚度方向。
具体地，电极组件1通过第一极片111、第二极片112和隔膜113沿第二方向y叠加设置，第一极片111、第二极片112交替设置，且隔膜113将第一极片111和第二极片112隔开。第一极片111、第二极片112和隔膜113均可呈矩形结构。
该实施例采用叠片式电极组件1，尺寸设置比较灵活，第一极片111和第二极片112可裁切为矩形结构，可更好地占用壳体3内的空间，提高电池单体100的能量密度。对于叠片式电极组件1，由于第一极片111和第二极片112之间相对独立，其侧端不封闭，通过设置保护框2能够在第一极片111和第二极片112的外周进行限位，使所有的第一极片111和第二极片112保持对齐，第一板21和第二板22分别保护主体部11垂直于第三方向z的两个侧面，相对于通过保护板对电极组件1的三个端面进行保护，可防止杂质通过极片之间进入主体部11内部，并防止电极组件1在装入壳体3的过程中由于端部不能完全对齐受到损伤。
可选地，本申请的保护框2也可适用于卷绕式的电极组件1。
在一些实施例中，如图8所示，电极组件1包括两个极耳12，两个极耳12分别位于主体部11沿第一方向x的两侧，开口231设在第三板23上，其中一个极耳12从开口231引出。开口231可设在第三板23沿第三方向z的中间区域，或者也可偏置。
该实施例使其中一个极耳12从保护框2的开口231引出，方便将保护框2从该极耳12的一侧装入，易于装配。
在一些实施例中，如图7所示，第一板21、第二板22和第三板23均整体覆盖主体部11上相应的被保护侧面。具体地，第一板21和第二板22可沿第一方向x延伸至到达另一侧的端盖本体41，且第一板21、第二板22和第三板23的宽度均不小于电极组件1沿第二方向y的尺寸，即电极组件1的厚度。
该实施例能够通过保护板对主体部11的侧面提供更充分的保护，具有较优的保护效果，而且能最大限度地增加电极组件1的整体刚度。可选地，第一板21、第二板22和第三板23也可部分覆盖相应的被保护侧面。
在一些实施例中，如图8所示，第三板23与第一板21的连接处以及第三板23与第二板22的连接处均设有第一预折痕25，第一预折痕25可沿第二方向y延伸。例如，第一预折痕25可以为一条厚度连续减薄的线，或厚度间断减薄的线，或间断设置的通槽。
该实施例通过设置第一预折痕25，如图9所示，在装配之前，保护框2为长条结构，在贮存和转运过程中不易发生变形。如图10所示，在装配时再将保护框2在第一预折痕25处弯折形成预定结构，由于保护框2在第一预折痕25处的强度小于其它位置，在弯折后可使保护框2的形状可更好地与电极组件1匹配，使保护框2能够更好地保护电极组件1。例如，在装配时，可先使极耳12穿过开口231，再将保护框2弯折；或者也可先将保护框2弯折，再将极耳12穿过开口231。
在一些实施例中，第三板23的厚度大于第一板21和第二板22的厚度。或者如图11所示，保护框2还包括加强板24，加强板24贴设于第三板23的侧面，加强板24与第三板23的厚度之和大于第一板21和第二板22的厚度。例如，加强板24可通过粘接剂粘贴于第三板23侧面，或者若加强板24为金属板可焊接于第三板23，或者加强板24可采用热熔塑胶板，通过热熔的方式固定于第三板23。
该实施例通过增加第三板23的厚度，可提高保护框2的整体强度，增加对电极组件1的整体保护作用，并增加对极耳12的保护作用。
在一些实施例中，如图11所示，开口231沿极耳12的宽度方向延伸，保护板在开口231沿极耳12宽度方向的两端分别设置一个切口232，每个切口232均向开口231两侧延伸预设距离，以使开口231与两个切口232限定出两个门结构233，两个门结构233被配置为可朝向远离主体部11的方向相对打开。
例如，极耳12沿第一方向x设在主体部11的端部，极耳12的宽度方向可与第三方向z一致，开口231沿第三方向z延伸，且延伸长度不小于极耳12的宽度。切口232 可从开口231的端部沿第二方向y向两侧均延伸预设距离，以使两个切口232位于开口231同侧的部分和开口231共同限定出门结构233。切口232可以为切出的线，或者也可以为细长槽，以防止门结构233在开合时与第三板23的其它区域发生干涉。
该实施例通过在开口231的两端设置两条切口232，使其与开口231共同限定出两个门结构233，且两个门结构233可向外打开，便于使极耳12穿过开口231，并在极耳12穿过后，门结构233在材料弹性力或外力的作用下再恢复至初始位置以更好地收束极耳12，此种结构既便于保护框2与电极组件1的装配，又能保证收束极耳12的效果，从而提高装配性能。
在一些实施例中，如图11所示，两个切口232位于同一侧的端部之间的连线处设有第二预折痕26。第二预折痕26可沿第三方向z延伸，例如，第二预折痕26可以为一条厚度连续减薄的线，或厚度间断减薄的线，或间断设置的通槽。
该实施例通过设置第二预折痕26，第二预折痕26处的强度小于其它位置，可在将极耳12穿过开口231时，更容易使门结构233以第二预折痕26为轴向外打开，方便极耳12穿过开口231。而且，在极耳12穿过开口231后，也可方便地将门结构233朝向主体部11压回以保证对极耳12的收束效果。可选地，为了使门结构233方便地打开，其也可以采用带有弹性的片状结构等。
在一些实施例中，如图11所示，保护框2还包括加强板24，加强板24贴设于第三板23的外侧面，加强板24上设有通槽241，通槽241的尺寸不小于两个切口232限定的区域。
具体地，通槽241沿第二方向y的尺寸不小于两个切口232沿第二方向y的尺寸，通槽241沿第三方向z的尺寸不小于两个切口232沿第三方向z的距离。
该实施例通过设置加强板24，能够增加第三板23的厚度，可提高保护框2的整体强度，增加对电极组件1的整体保护作用，并增加对极耳12的保护作用。在此基础上，在加强板24上设置通槽241，可避让开门结构233，以免限制门结构233的开合，从而保证极耳12顺利地穿过开口231。
在一些实施例中，如图12所示，电池单体100还包括粘接层27，粘接层27贴设在极耳12外侧，以将极耳12与设置开口231的保护板固定。在极耳12穿过开口231的状态下，粘接层27与保护板粘接。例如，粘接层27可以为粘性塑胶片等。
例如，开口231设在第三板23上，粘接层27贴设在极耳12外侧，在极耳12穿过开口231之后，粘接层27将第三板23与极耳12固定。
该实施例通过在安装保护框2之前，在极耳12的两侧贴设粘接层27，在将极耳 12穿过开口231，并将保护框2安装到位后，能够使保护板与极耳12保持相对固定，以更好地收束极耳12，而且粘接层27易于设置，不会增加装配难度。
在一些实施例中，如图13所示，电池单体100还包括两块塑胶板28，两块塑胶板28分别设在开口231的两侧，塑胶板28通过热熔固定设置开口231的保护板的外侧，极耳12从开口231和两块塑胶板28之间的缝隙引出。例如，可将塑胶板28除靠近极耳12的其它三个边缘均热熔，或者只将部分区域热熔，以便与保护板的外侧固定。
例如，开口231设在第三板23上且沿第三方向z设置，两块塑胶板28分别设在开口231沿第二方向y的两侧，塑胶板28沿第二方向y的外边缘可超过第二预折痕26，以在极耳12穿过开口231后防止门结构233向外打开。
该实施例在极耳12穿过开口231后，再将两块塑胶板28通过热熔的方式固定在保护板上位于极耳12的两侧，能够使保护板与极耳12保持相对固定，以更好地收束极耳12。而且，在极耳12穿过开口231后再固定塑胶板28，可使极耳12顺利穿过，塑胶板28还能起到加强保护板的作用，以增加保护板的刚度，对极耳12起到更好的收束作用。
在一些实施例中，如图14和图15所示，开口231设于第三板23，第一板21的第一端和第二板22的第一端均沿第一方向x高于第三板23的外侧面。
该实施例能够通过第一板21和第二板22高出第三板23的部分对极耳12进行保护，防止在装配或使用过程中使极耳12沿宽度方向的端部受到损伤，对于极耳12宽度较大延伸至靠近主体部端部的结构能起到更好的保护作用，防止在使用过程中由于振动或冲击造成极耳12与壳体3发生接触短路。
在一些实施例中，保护框2还包括两段连接板29，第三板23的两端分别通过一段连接板29与第一板21的第一端以及第二板22的第一端连接。第一板21、连接板29、第三板23、连接板29和第二板22依次连接一体形成保护框2。
该实施例通过在第三板23两端与第一板21和第二板22的连接处设置连接板29，不仅便于使此种异形的保护框2一体成型，也能够增加保护框2在折弯处的强度，利于提高保护框2的整体刚度，从而更有效地保护电极组件1。
在一些实施例中，第一板21与连接板29的连接处、第三板23的两端分别与两个连接板29的连接处、第二板22与连接板29的连接处均设有第一预折痕25。
如图16所示，该实施例可在装配之前将保护框2设置为长条结构，在贮存和转运过程中不易发生变形，具体地，可在第三板23的两侧分别设置两条间隔预设距离的第一预折痕25，预设距离即为连接板29的宽度，开口231可在第三板23上延伸至到达最外侧的第一预折痕25。如图17所示，在装配时再将保护框2在第一预折痕25处弯折形成 预定结构，由于保护框2在第一预折痕25处的强度小于其它位置，在弯折后可使保护框2的形状可更好地与电极组件1匹配，使保护框2能够更好地保护电极组件1。例如，在装配时，可先使极耳12穿过开口231，再将保护框2弯折；或者也可先将保护框2弯折，再将极耳12穿过开口231。
下面将结合图3至图13来说明本申请电池单体的一些具体实施例的结构示意图。
如图3和图4所示，电池单体100，包括：壳体3、端盖组件4和电极组件1。壳体3具有朝向第一方向x设置的开口31，电极组件1设在壳体3内，端盖组件4被配置为封闭开口31。端盖组件4包括端盖本体41和设在端盖本体41上的电极端子42，壳体3可在沿第一方向x的两端分别设置开口31，两端的开口31分别通过一个端盖本体41封闭，两个端盖本体41上分别设置一个电极端子42，两个电极端子42沿第三方向z位于各自端盖本体41靠近不同端部的区域。如图5所示，极耳12可通过转接件5与电极端子42电连接。
如图6所示，电池单体100还包括保护框2，保护框2为一体成型结构且包括三段保护板，三段保护板包括第一板21、第二板22和第三板23，第三板23位于第一板21和第二板22之间，且第三板23的两端分别连接于第一板21的第一端和第二板22的第一端，第三板23上设有开口231，开口231沿第三方向z延伸，且在第三板23上相对于中心位置向一端偏移，开口231可以为细长槽，且极耳12从开口231引出。第三板23位于主体部11与端盖组件4之间。
如图7所示，电极组件1为层叠结构，电极组件1通过第一极片111、第二极片112和隔膜113沿第二方向y叠加设置，第一极片111和第二极片112极性相反交替设置，且隔膜113将第一极片111和第二极片112隔开。
如图8所示，第一板21、第二板22和第三板23均平行于第二方向y设置，且分别保护电极组件1的三个侧端，第一板21和第二板22均垂直于第三方向z且相对设置，第三板23垂直于第一方向x。
如图9所示，在保护框2装配之前，为长条薄板结构，第三板23与第一板21的连接处以及第三板23与第二板22的连接处均设有第一预折痕25，第一预折痕25可沿第二方向y延伸。
如图10所示，将保护框2在第一预折痕25处弯折形成n形结构，其形状可与电极组件1匹配。在装配时，可先使极耳12穿过开口231，再将保护框2弯折；或者也可先将保护框2弯折，再将极耳12穿过开口231。
如图11所示，第三板23的厚度大于第一板21和第二板22的厚度，或者保护框 2还包括加强板24，加强板24贴设于第三板23的外侧面，加强板24与第三板23的厚度之和大于第一板21和第二板22的厚度。例如，加强板24可采用热熔塑胶板，通过热熔的方式固定于第三板23。
开口231沿极耳12的宽度方向延伸，极耳12的宽度方向为第三方向z，第三板23在开口231沿极耳12宽度方向的两端分别设置一个切口232，每个切口232均向开口231两侧延伸预设距离，以使开口231与两个切口232限定出两个门结构233，两个切口232位于同一侧的端部之间的连线处设有第二预折痕26。第二预折痕26可沿第三方向z延伸。
在极耳12穿过开口231时，两个门结构233沿第二预折痕26转动，以朝向远离主体部11的方向相对打开，在并在极耳12穿过后，门结构233在材料弹性力或外力的作用下再恢复至初始位置以更好地收束极耳12。
如图12所示，电池单体100还包括粘接层27，粘接层27贴设在极耳12外侧，以将极耳12与设置开口231的保护板固定。在安装保护框2之前，在极耳12的两侧贴设粘接层27，在将极耳12穿过开口231，并将保护框2安装到位后，能够使保护板与极耳12保持相对固定，以更好地收束极耳12。
如图13所示，电池单体100还包括两块塑胶板28，两块塑胶板28分别设在开口231的两侧，塑胶板28通过热熔固定设置开口231的保护板的外侧，极耳12从开口231和两块塑胶板28之间的缝隙引出。在极耳12穿过开口231后，再将两块塑胶板28通过热熔的方式固定在保护板上位于极耳12的两侧，能够使保护板与极耳12保持相对固定，以更好地收束极耳12。
图14至17为本申请电池单体的另一些实施例的结构示意图，前面已进行详细描述，此处就不再赘述。
其次，本申请提供了一种电池单体100的制造方法，在一些实施例中，如图18所示，制造方法包括：
S110、部件提供步骤：提供电极组件1和保护框2；其中，电极组件1包括主体部11和极耳12，极耳12沿第一方向x设在主体部11的侧部，保护框2为一体结构且包括三段保护板，分别用于保护主体部11的三个侧面，三段保护板包括第一板21、第二板22和第三板23，第三板23位于第一板21和第二板22之间，且第三板23的两端分别连接于第一板21的第一端和第二板22的第一端，第一板21、第二板22和第三板23的至少一个上设有开口231；
S120、极耳引出步骤：使极耳12从开口231引出；
S130、框体装配步骤：使三段保护板分别保护主体部11的三个侧面。
其中，S110、S120和S130顺序执行。
最后，本申请提供了一种电池单体100的制造装置400，在一些实施例中，如图19所示，制造装置400包括：部件提供设备410、极耳引出设备420和框体装配设备430。
部件提供设备410，被配置为提供电极组件1和保护框2；其中，电极组件1包括主体部11和极耳12，极耳12沿第一方向x设在主体部11的侧部，保护框2为一体结构且包括三段保护板，分别用于保护主体部11的三个侧面，三段保护板包括第一板21、第二板22和第三板23，第三板23位于第一板21和第二板22之间，且第三板23的两端分别连接于第一板21的第一端和第二板22的第一端，第一板21、第二板22和第三板23的至少一个上设有开口231。
极耳引出设备420被配置为使极耳12从开口231引出。
框体装配设备430被配置为使三段保护板分别保护主体部11的三个侧面。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种电池单体(100)，包括：
    电极组件(1)，包括主体部(11)和极耳(12)，所述极耳(12)沿第一方向(x)连接在所述主体部(11)的侧部；和
    保护框(2)，为一体结构且包括三段保护板，分别用于保护所述主体部(11)的三个侧面，三段所述保护板包括第一板(21)、第二板(22)和第三板(23)，所述第三板(23)位于所述第一板(21)和所述第二板(22)之间，且所述第三板(23)的两端分别连接于所述第一板(21)的第一端和所述第二板(22)的第一端，所述第一板(21)、所述第二板(22)和所述第三板(23)的至少一个上设有开口(231)；
    其中，所述极耳(12)从所述开口(231)引出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述第一板(21)、所述第二板(22)和所述第三板(23)均平行于第二方向(y)设置，所述第二方向(y)垂直于所述第一方向(x)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述电极组件(1)为层叠结构，所述电极组件(1)具有极性相反且沿所述第二方向(y)叠加设置的第一极片(111)和第二极片(112)，所述第一板(21)和所述第二板(22)分别保护所述主体部(11)垂直于第三方向(z)的两个侧面，所述第三方向(z)垂直于所述第一方向(x)和所述第二方向(y)。
  4. 根据权利要求1～3任一项所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述电极组件(1)包括两个所述极耳(12)，两个所述极耳(12)分别位于所述主体部(11)沿所述第一方向(x)的两侧，所述开口(231)设在所述第三板(23)上，其中一个极耳(12)从所述开口(231)引出。
  5. 根据权利要求1～4任一项所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述第一板(21)、所述第二板(22)和所述第三板(23)均整体覆盖所述主体部(11)上相应的被保护侧面。
  6. 根据权利要求1～5任一项所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述第三板(23)与所述第一板(21)的连接处以及所述第三板(23)与所述第二板(22)的连接处均设有第一预折痕(25)。
  7. 根据权利要求1～6任一项所述的电池单体(100)，其中，
    所述第三板(23)的厚度大于所述第一板(21)和所述第二板(22)的厚度；或者
    所述保护框(2)还包括加强板(24)，所述加强板(24)贴设于所述第三板(23) 的侧面，所述加强板(24)与所述第三板(23)的厚度之和大于所述第一板(21)和所述第二板(22)的厚度。
  8. 根据权利要求1～7任一项所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述开口(231)沿所述极耳(12)的宽度方向延伸，所述保护板在所述开口(231)沿所述极耳(12)宽度方向的两端分别设置一个切口(232)，每个所述切口(232)均向所述开口(231)两侧延伸预设距离，以使所述开口(231)与两个所述切口(232)限定出两个门结构(233)，两个所述门结构(233)被配置为可朝向远离所述主体部(11)的方向相对打开。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池单体(100)，其中，两个所述切口(232)位于同一侧的端部之间的连线处设有第二预折痕(26)。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述保护框(2)还包括加强板(24)，所述加强板(24)贴设于所述第三板(23)的外侧面，所述加强板(24)上设有通槽(241)，所述通槽(241)的尺寸不小于两个所述切口(232)限定的区域。
  11. 根据权利要求1～10任一项所述的电池单体(100)，其中，还包括粘接层(27)，所述粘接层(27)贴设在所述极耳(12)外侧，以将所述极耳(12)与设置所述开口(231)的所述保护板固定。
  12. 根据权利要求1～10任一项所述的电池单体(100)，其中，还包括两块塑胶板(28)，两块所述塑胶板(28)分别设在所述开口(231)的两侧，所述塑胶板(28)通过热熔固定在设置所述开口(231)的所述保护板的外侧，所述极耳(12)从所述开口(231)和两块所述塑胶板(28)之间的缝隙引出。
  13. 根据权利要求1～12任一项所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述开口(231)设于所述第三板(23)，所述第一板(21)的第一端和所述第二板(22)的第一端均沿所述第一方向(x)高于所述第三板(23)的外侧面。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述保护框(2)还包括两段连接板(29)，所述第三板(23)的两端分别通过一段所述连接板(29)与第一板(21)的第一端以及所述所述第二板(22)的第一端连接。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电池单体(100)，其中，所述第一板(21)与所述连接板(29)的连接处、所述第三板(23)的两端分别与两个所述连接板(29)的连接处、所述第二板(22)与所述连接板(29)的连接处均设有第一预折痕(25)。
  16. 一种电池(200)，包括：
    权利要求1～15任一项所述的电池单体(100)；以及
    外壳组件(201)，用于容纳所述电池单体(100)。
  17. 一种用电装置，包括权利要求16所述的电池(200)，所述电池(200)用于为所述用电装置提供电能。
  18. 一种电池单体(100)的制造方法，包括：
    部件提供步骤：提供电极组件(1)和保护框(2)；其中，所述电极组件(1)包括主体部(11)和极耳(12)，所述极耳(12)沿第一方向(x)设在所述主体部(11)的侧部，所述保护框(2)为一体结构且包括三段保护板，分别用于保护所述主体部(11)的三个侧面，三段所述保护板包括第一板(21)、第二板(22)和第三板(23)，所述第三板(23)位于所述第一板(21)和所述第二板(22)之间，且所述第三板(23)的两端分别连接于所述第一板(21)的第一端和所述第二板(22)的第一端，所述第一板(21)、所述第二板(22)和所述第三板(23)的至少一个上设有开口(231)；
    极耳引出步骤：使所述极耳(12)从所述开口(231)引出；
    框体装配步骤：使三段所述保护板分别保护所述主体部(11)的三个侧面。
  19. 一种电池单体(100)的制造装置(400)，包括：
    部件提供设备(410)，被配置为提供电极组件(1)和保护框(2)；其中，所述电极组件(1)包括主体部(11)和极耳(12)，所述极耳(12)沿第一方向(x)设在所述主体部(11)的侧部，所述保护框(2)为一体结构且包括三段保护板，分别用于保护所述主体部(11)的三个侧面，三段所述保护板包括第一板(21)、第二板(22)和第三板(23)，所述第三板(23)位于所述第一板(21)和所述第二板(22)之间，且所述第三板(23)的两端分别连接于所述第一板(21)的第一端和所述第二板(22)的第一端，所述第一板(21)、所述第二板(22)和所述第三板(23)的至少一个上设有开口(231)；
    极耳引出设备(420)，被配置为使所述极耳(12)从所述开口(231)引出；和
    框体装配设备(430)，被配置为使三段所述保护板分别保护所述主体部(11)的三个侧面。
PCT/CN2022/070197 2022-01-05 2022-01-05 电池单体及其制造方法、装置、电池和用电装置 WO2023130235A1 (zh)

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CN113767521A (zh) * 2019-09-13 2021-12-07 株式会社东芝 电池、电池组以及车辆

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