WO2023125734A1 - 工件的轻量化的加工方法和旋压装置 - Google Patents

工件的轻量化的加工方法和旋压装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023125734A1
WO2023125734A1 PCT/CN2022/143050 CN2022143050W WO2023125734A1 WO 2023125734 A1 WO2023125734 A1 WO 2023125734A1 CN 2022143050 W CN2022143050 W CN 2022143050W WO 2023125734 A1 WO2023125734 A1 WO 2023125734A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blank
spinning
fixing bracket
material receiving
spinning device
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PCT/CN2022/143050
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
丁容
熊东东
祝邦盛
焦贝贝
刘杰
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浙江金固股份有限公司
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Application filed by 浙江金固股份有限公司 filed Critical 浙江金固股份有限公司
Publication of WO2023125734A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023125734A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/14Spinning
    • B21D22/16Spinning over shaping mandrels or formers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/16Heating or cooling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/26Making other particular articles wheels or the like

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of wheel processing and manufacturing, in particular, to a lightweight processing method and spinning device for workpieces.
  • the wheel includes a rim and spokes.
  • the thickness of the usual spokes and rims is relatively thick, resulting in The weight of the wheel formed after welding with the rim is relatively large, which increases the energy consumption of the vehicle.
  • the main purpose of this application is to provide a lightweight processing method and spinning device for the workpiece, so as to solve the problem that the wheels in the prior art are heavy due to the thick thickness of the spokes and rims, which increases the performance of the vehicle. consumption problem.
  • a light-weight processing method for a workpiece which includes heating the blank to a first preset temperature T1 in a heating furnace, and keeping it warm for a first preset time period t1 ;Take out the heated blank and place it at the hot spinning station of the hot spinning machine to perform spinning operation on the blank to form the basic shape of the pre-processed part; after completing the spinning operation, hot spinning
  • the support structure of the machine transports the blank after spinning to the cooling area to be cooled to the second preset temperature T2.
  • the first preset temperature T1 satisfies: 900°C ⁇ T1 ⁇ 930°C.
  • the first preset duration t1 satisfies: 3min ⁇ t1 ⁇ 10min.
  • the temperature of the blank in the hot spinning machine is maintained at a third preset temperature T3, wherein, 800°C ⁇ T3 ⁇ 930°C.
  • the pressing end of the hot spinning machine stops the blank at the hot spinning station, and the rotary wheel of the hot spinning machine abuts against the blank and Carry out spin forming operations on blanks.
  • the support structure pushes the blank after spinning into the material receiving channel of the hot spinning machine, and the blank is in the material receiving channel and the buffer plate Collision, so that the movement speed of the blank is reduced.
  • the decelerated blank enters the cooling area in the receiving channel under the action of the conveyor belt in the receiving channel to cool for a second preset time length t2, wherein 10s ⁇ t2 ⁇ 12s.
  • the second preset temperature T2 satisfies: 0 ⁇ T2 ⁇ 230°C.
  • the temperature of the blank is the fourth preset temperature T4, wherein, 750°C ⁇ T4 ⁇ 930°C.
  • the blank before the blank is placed in a heating furnace for heating, the blank is placed at the cold spinning station of the cold spinning machine, and the cold spinning operation is performed at the cold spinning station , to thin the blank.
  • a spinning device including a base, a first fixed bracket, a support structure, a second fixed bracket and a rotary wheel, wherein the first fixed bracket is arranged on the base;
  • the structure is movably arranged on the side wall of the first fixed bracket, and the end surface of the support structure away from the first fixed bracket has a supporting surface for supporting the blank;
  • the second fixed bracket is arranged on the base and is connected with the first fixed bracket Relatively arranged;
  • the rotary wheel is rotatably arranged on the side wall of the second fixed bracket facing the side of the first fixed bracket, and is located above the supporting structure.
  • the support structure includes a stripper and a support punch, the stripper is telescopically arranged on the side wall of the first fixed bracket; the support punch is rotatably set on the stripper, And the support punch has a support surface; wherein, the ejector has a side wall extending away from the first fixed bracket, so that the support surface of the support punch provides a supporting force for the blank.
  • the first working position, and the ejector has Retreat to the direction close to the side wall surface of the first fixing bracket, so as to release the first avoidance position of the supporting effect of the supporting surface of the supporting punch on the blank.
  • the rotary wheel is movably arranged along its axial direction, so as to carry out spinning at different positions in the axial direction of the blank.
  • the rotary wheel is movably arranged along its radial direction, the rotary wheel has a second working position close to the blank along its radial direction and in contact with the blank, and the rotary wheel has a position away from the blank along its radial direction. To release the avoidance position for spinning the blank.
  • the spinning device further includes a third fixing bracket and a pressing mechanism, wherein the third fixing bracket is arranged on the base, and the second fixing bracket is located between the first fixing bracket and the third fixing bracket Between; the pressing mechanism is arranged on the side wall surface of the third fixing bracket facing the second fixing bracket, the pressing mechanism has a drive shaft, and the position where the second fixing bracket is opposite to the supporting surface on the supporting structure is provided with an avoidance via hole , the drive shaft is set through the escape hole, and the end of the drive shaft has a binder end.
  • the drive shaft is telescopically arranged along the axial direction of the escape hole.
  • the spinning device further includes a material receiving structure, a buffer plate and a conveyor belt, wherein the material receiving structure is arranged on the base, the material receiving structure has a material receiving channel, and the channel opening of the material receiving channel faces The supporting structure is arranged; the buffer plate is rotatably arranged in the material receiving channel; at least a part of the conveyor belt is located in the material receiving channel and is movably arranged along the extending direction of the material receiving channel.
  • the spinning device further includes a cooling pipe, which is arranged on the channel wall of the material receiving channel to form a cooling area, and the cooling pipe communicates with an external cooling source.
  • the spinning device further includes a heating tube, the heating tube is arranged on the side wall surface of the first fixing bracket facing the second fixing bracket, and is spaced from the supporting structure, and the nozzle of the heating tube faces the supporting structure. rough on the face.
  • the first fixing bracket has an accommodating cavity
  • the spinning device further includes a heating gas cylinder, which is arranged in the accommodating cavity, and the heating gas cylinder communicates with the heating tube;
  • the heating tube is A plurality of heating tubes are arranged at intervals around the outer peripheral side of the support structure, and the nozzles of each heating tube are all facing the blank.
  • the spinning device is a cold spinning machine.
  • the spinning device is a hot spinning machine.
  • the heated blank is taken out and placed at a hot spinning station of a hot spinning machine to The blank is subjected to spinning forming operation to form the basic shape of the pre-processed part; after the spinning forming operation is completed, the support structure of the hot spinning machine transports the blank after the spinning forming operation to the cooling area for cooling to the second pre-processing Set the temperature T2.
  • the blank can ensure sufficient structural strength during the processing process, and at the same time achieve the purpose of thinning and forming, which is conducive to the lightweight manufacturing of pre-processed parts
  • thinning and forming which is conducive to the lightweight manufacturing of pre-processed parts
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic flow diagram of a lightweight processing method for a workpiece according to an optional embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural view of a hot spinning machine according to an alternative embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a cold spinning machine according to an alternative embodiment of the present application.
  • Blank 10. Base; 20. First fixed bracket; 30. Support structure; 31. Stripper; 32. Support punch; 40. Second fixed bracket; 50. Rotary wheel; 60. Third fixation Bracket; 70, pressing mechanism; 71, drive shaft; 72, pressing end; 80, receiving structure; 81, receiving channel; 90, buffer plate; 100, conveyor belt; 200, cooling pipe; 300, heating Tube; 400, heating cylinder.
  • this application provides a lightweight processing method and spinning device for workpieces .
  • the lightweight processing method of the workpiece includes heating the blank to the first preset temperature T1 in a heating furnace, and keeping it warm for the first preset time length t1; taking out the heated blank and placing it in a hot rotary
  • the hot spinning station of the press is used to spin the blank to form the basic shape of the pre-processed part; after the spinning operation is completed, the support structure of the hot spinning machine will undergo spinning
  • the blank is transported to the cooling area to be cooled to the second preset temperature T2.
  • the present application provides a light-weight processing method for workpieces, which can be used for processing rims and spokes of wheels. According to the different shapes and structures of the rims and spokes, it is only necessary to replace the corresponding molds.
  • the heated blank is taken out and placed at a hot spinning station of a hot spinning machine to The blank is subjected to spinning forming operation to form the basic shape of the pre-processed part; after the spinning forming operation is completed, the support structure of the hot spinning machine transports the blank after the spinning forming operation to the cooling area for cooling to the second pre-processing Set the temperature T2.
  • the blank can ensure sufficient structural strength during the processing process, and at the same time achieve the purpose of thinning and forming, which is conducive to the lightweight manufacturing of pre-processed parts
  • thinning and forming which is conducive to the lightweight manufacturing of pre-processed parts
  • the microstructure of the blank material is changed through the thermoforming technology, that is, the transformation from bainite to martensite, while the hot spinning technology can change the atomic structure of the blank material, That is, the distance between atoms is effectively shortened.
  • the first preset temperature T1 satisfies: 900°C ⁇ T1 ⁇ 930°C.
  • the first preset duration t1 satisfies: 3min ⁇ t1 ⁇ 10min.
  • the temperature of the blank in the hot spinning machine is kept at a third preset temperature T3, wherein, 800°C ⁇ T3 ⁇ 930°C.
  • the pressing end of the hot spinning machine stops the blank at the hot spinning station, and the rotary wheel of the hot spinning machine abuts against the blank and Carry out spin forming operations on blanks. In this way, the reliability of the limit of the blank end to the blank is ensured.
  • the support structure pushes the blank after spinning into the material receiving channel of the hot spinning machine, and the blank is in the material receiving channel and the buffer plate Collision, so that the movement speed of the blank is reduced.
  • the buffer plate plays a role in decelerating the blank, even makes the blank stop, and then conveys it through the belt.
  • the decelerated blank enters the cooling area in the material receiving channel under the action of the conveyor belt in the material receiving channel to cool for a second preset time period t2, wherein 10s ⁇ t2 ⁇ 12s.
  • the second preset temperature T2 satisfies: 0 ⁇ T2 ⁇ 230°C.
  • the temperature of the blank is the fourth preset temperature T4, wherein, 750°C ⁇ T4 ⁇ 930°C.
  • the blank before the blank is heated in the heating furnace, the blank is placed at the cold spinning station of the cold spinning machine, and the cold spinning operation is performed at the cold spinning station to thin the blank. .
  • the cold spinning operation of the cold spinning machine enables the initial thinning of the blank before entering the heating furnace.
  • this application does not require a large-scale roller heating furnace, but an ordinary heating furnace is sufficient, and the heating device does not need to be turned on all the time. Just turn on the heat preservation device, and turn on the heating device when needed, which greatly reduces energy consumption and production input.
  • the spinning device comprises a base 10, a first fixed support 20, a support structure 30, a second fixed support 40 and a rotary wheel 50, wherein the first fixed support 20 is arranged on the base 10; the support structure 30 is movably arranged on the side wall surface of the first fixed bracket 20, and the end surface of the support structure 30 away from the first fixed bracket 20 has a supporting surface for supporting the blank 1; the second fixed bracket 40 is arranged on the base 10 And set opposite to the first fixing bracket 20 ; the rotary wheel 50 is rotatably arranged on the side wall of the second fixing bracket 40 facing the first fixing bracket 20 , and is located above the supporting structure 30 . In this way, it is ensured that the rotary wheel 50 can effectively spin the blank 1 located on the end support surface of the support structure 30 .
  • the support structure 30 includes a stripper 31 and a support punch 32, the stripper 31 is telescopically arranged on the side wall of the first fixed bracket 20; the support punch 32 is rotatably arranged on the stripper On the device 31, and the support punch 32 has a support surface; wherein, the ejector 31 has a first side wall protruding away from the first fixed bracket 20, so that the support surface of the support punch 32 provides support for the blank 1. A working position, and the ejector 31 has a first avoidance position in which the ejector 31 retreats toward the side wall surface of the first fixing bracket 20 to release the supporting effect of the support surface of the supporting punch 32 on the blank 1 .
  • the rotary wheel 50 is movably arranged along its axial direction, so as to perform spinning on different axial positions of the blank 1 .
  • the rotary wheel 50 is movably arranged along its radial direction, and the rotary wheel 50 has a second working position close to the blank 1 along its radial direction and in contact with the blank 1, and the rotary wheel 50 has a position away from the blank 1 along its radial direction. 1 to release the avoidance position for spinning the blank 1.
  • the rotary wheel 50 is driven to move by the driving mechanism arranged on the second fixed bracket 40, the supporting punch 32 is driven to rotate by being arranged on the first fixed bracket 20, and the supporting punch 32 is rotated.
  • the motion pair between the blank 1 and the rotary wheel 50 is a high pair, and the blank 1 drives the rotary wheel 50 to rotate while the supporting punch 32 rotates.
  • the spinning device also includes a third fixing bracket 60 and a pressing mechanism 70, wherein the third fixing bracket 60 is arranged on the base 10, and the second fixing bracket 40 is located between the first fixing bracket 20 and the third fixing bracket 60.
  • the pressing mechanism 70 is arranged on the side wall surface of the third fixed bracket 60 towards the second fixed bracket 40 side, the pressing mechanism 70 has a drive shaft 71, the second fixed bracket 40 and the support structure 30
  • An avoidance hole is opened at a position opposite to the support surface, and the drive shaft 71 is disposed through the avoidance hole, and the end of the drive shaft 71 has a binder end 72 .
  • the setting of the pressing mechanism 70 ensures that the pressing end 72 at the end of the drive shaft 71 of the pressing mechanism 70 can effectively limit the blank 1, thereby ensuring that the subsequent spinning operation can be carried out smoothly.
  • the drive shaft 71 is telescopically arranged along the axial direction of the escape hole. In this way, the drive shaft 71 can drive the binder end 72 away from and close to the end support surface of the support structure 30 , so as to avoid and limit the blank 1 .
  • the spinning device also includes a material receiving structure 80, a buffer plate 90 and a conveyor belt 100, wherein the material receiving structure 80 is arranged on the base 10, the material receiving structure 80 has a material receiving channel 81, and the material receiving channel The channel opening of 81 is set toward the support structure 30; the buffer plate 90 is rotatably arranged in the material receiving channel 81; at least a part of the conveyor belt 100 is located in the material receiving channel 81, and is movably arranged along the extending direction of the material receiving channel 81 .
  • the buffer plate 90 in the material receiving channel 81 of the material receiving structure 80 plays the role of effectively decelerating the blank 1, and the transportation
  • the belt 100 further plays the role of conveying the blank 1 .
  • the hot spinning machine also includes a heating tube 300, the heating tube 300 is arranged on the side wall surface of the first fixing bracket 20 facing the second fixing bracket 40, and is spaced from the support structure 30, the heating tube 300 The spray head faces the blank 1 on the support surface.
  • the heating pipe 300 injects hot gas to the blank 1 to keep the blank 1 warm, so as to ensure that the blank 1 can reach the third preset temperature T3 required by the hot spinning technology.
  • the first fixed bracket 20 has a housing cavity
  • the hot spinning machine also includes a plurality of heating gas cylinders 400 and heating pipes 300, wherein the heating gas cylinders 400 are arranged in the housing cavity, and heat supply
  • the gas cylinder 400 communicates with the heating tube 300 ; a plurality of heating tubes 300 are arranged at intervals around the outer circumference of the support structure 30 , and the nozzles of each heating tube 300 are directed towards the blank 1 .
  • the heating gas cylinder 400 can provide heating gas for the heating pipe 300 in time.
  • spatially relative terms may be used here, such as “on !, “over !, “on the surface of !, “above”, etc., to describe The spatial positional relationship between one device or feature shown and other devices or features. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, devices described as “above” or “above” other devices or configurations would then be oriented “beneath” or “above” the other devices or configurations. under other devices or configurations”. Thus, the exemplary term “above” can encompass both an orientation of “above” and “beneath”. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptions used herein interpreted accordingly.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种工件的轻量化的加工方法,包括将毛坯在加热炉中加热至第一预设温度T1,并保温第一预设时长t1;取出经过加热后的毛坯并置于热旋压机的热旋压工位处,以对毛坯进行旋压成型作业,以形成预加工件的基本形状;完成旋压成型作业后,热旋压机的退料器将经过旋压成型作业后的毛坯输送至冷却区域以冷却至第二预设温度T2。以及一种旋压装置。该方法和装置解决了现有技术中的车轮因轮辐和轮辋的厚度均厚而导致车轮的重量较大,增加了车辆的能耗的问题。

Description

工件的轻量化的加工方法和旋压装置
援引加入
本申请要求于2021年12月31日提交至中国国家知识产权局、申请号为202111680020.4、发明名称为“工件的轻量化的加工方法和旋压装置”的专利申请的优先权。
技术领域
本申请涉及车轮的加工制造技术领域,具体而言,涉及一种工件的轻量化的加工方法和旋压装置。
背景技术
现有技术中,车轮包括轮辋和轮辐,但是,现有的轮辋和轮辐在加工过程中,为了确保轮辐和轮辋均具有足够的结构强度,通常的轮辐和轮辋的厚度较厚,导致在将轮辐与轮辋焊接之后形成的车轮的重量较大,增加了车辆的能耗。
发明内容
本申请的主要目的在于提供一种工件的轻量化的加工方法和旋压装置,以解决现有技术中的车轮因轮辐和轮辋的厚度均厚而导致车轮的重量较大,增加了车辆的能耗的问题。
为了实现上述目的,根据本申请的一个实施例中,提供了一种工件的轻量化的加工方法,包括将毛坯在加热炉中加热至第一预设温度T1,并保温第一预设时长t1;取出经过加热后的毛坯并置于热旋压机的热旋压工位处,以对毛坯进行旋压成型作业,以形成预加工件的基本形状;完成旋压成型作业后,热旋压机的支撑结构将经过旋压成型作业后的毛坯输送至冷却区域以冷却至第二预设温度T2。
在本申请的一个实施例中,第一预设温度T1满足:900℃≤T1≤930℃。
在本申请的一个实施例中,第一预设时长t1满足:3min≤t1≤10min。
在本申请的一个实施例中,在旋压成型作业过程中,毛坯在热旋压机内的温度保持在第三预设温度T3,其中,800℃≤T3≤930℃。
在本申请的一个实施例中,在旋压成型作业过程中,热旋压机的压料端头将毛坯限位在热旋压工位处,热旋压机的旋轮与毛坯抵接并对毛坯进行旋压成型作业。
在本申请的一个实施例中,在完成旋压成型作业后,支撑结构将经过旋压成型作业后的毛坯推入至热旋压机的接料通道内,毛坯在接料通道内与缓冲板碰撞,以使毛坯的运动速度降低。
在本申请的一个实施例中,经过减速的毛坯在接料通道内的输送带的作用下进入接料通道内的冷却区域冷却第二预设时长t2,其中,10s≤t2≤12s。
在本申请的一个实施例中,第二预设温度T2满足:0≤T2≤230℃。
在本申请的一个实施例中,在进入冷却区域内,且冷却作业没有开始时,毛坯的温度为第四预设温度T4,其中,750℃≤T4≤930℃。
在本申请的一个实施例中,在将毛坯置于加热炉中加热之前,将毛坯置于冷旋压机的冷旋压工位处,并在冷旋压工位处进行冷旋压成型作业,以对毛坯进行减薄。
根据本申请的一个实施例中,提供了一种旋压装置,包括基座、第一固定支架、支撑结构、第二固定支架和旋轮,其中,第一固定支架设置在基座上;支撑结构可活动地设置在第一固定支架的侧壁面上,支撑结构远离第一固定支架一侧的端面具有用于支撑毛坯的支撑面;第二固定支架设置在基座上并与第一固定支架相对设置;旋轮可转动地设置在第二固定支架朝向第一固定支架一侧的侧壁面上,并位于支撑结构的上方。
在本申请的一个实施例中,支撑结构包括退料器和支撑凸模,退料器可伸缩地设置在第一固定支架的侧壁面上;支撑凸模可转动地设置在退料器上,且支撑凸模具有支撑面;其中,退料器具有沿远离第一固定支架的侧壁面伸出,以使支撑凸模的支撑面为毛坯提供支撑力的第一工作位置,以及退料器具有向靠近第一固定支架的侧壁面的方向退回,以解除支撑凸模的支撑面对毛坯的支撑作用的第一避让位置。
在本申请的一个实施例中,旋轮沿其轴向可移动地设置,以对毛坯的轴向上的不同位置处进行旋压。
在本申请的一个实施例中,旋轮沿其径向可移动地设置,旋轮具有沿其径向靠近毛坯的并与毛坯接触的第二工作位置,以及旋轮具有沿其径向远离毛坯以解除对毛坯进行旋压作业的避让位置。
在本申请的一个实施例中,旋压装置还包括第三固定支架和压料机构,其中,第三固定支架设置在基座上,第二固定支架位于第一固定支架和第三固定支架之间;压料机构设置在第三固定支架朝向第二固定支架一侧的侧壁面上,压料机构具有驱动轴,第二固定支架与支撑结构上的支撑面相对的位置处开设有避让过孔,驱动轴穿过避让过孔设置,且驱动轴的端部具有压料端头。
在本申请的一个实施例中,驱动轴沿避让过孔的轴向可伸缩地设置。
在本申请的一个实施例中,旋压装置还包括接料结构、缓冲板和输送带,其中,接料结构设置在基座上,接料结构具有接料通道,接料通道的通道口朝向支撑结构设置;缓冲板可转动地设置在接料通道内;输送带的至少一部分位于接料通道内,并沿接料通道的延伸方向可移动地设置。
在本申请的一个实施例中,旋压装置还包括冷却管,冷却管设置在接料通道的通道壁上,以形成冷却区域,且冷却管与外界冷却源连通。
在本申请的一个实施例中,旋压装置还包括加热管,加热管设置在第一固定支架朝向第二固定支架一侧的侧壁面上,并与支撑结构间隔设置,加热管的喷头朝向支撑面上的毛坯。
在本申请的一个实施例中,第一固定支架具有容纳腔,旋压装置还包括供热气瓶,供热气瓶设置在容纳腔内,且供热气瓶与加热管连通;加热管为多个,多个加热管绕支撑结构的外周侧间隔设置,且各加热管的喷头均朝向毛坯。
在本申请的一个实施例中,旋压装置为冷旋压机。
在本申请的一个实施例中,旋压装置为热旋压机。
应用本申请的技术方案,提供了一种工件的轻量化的加工方法,可用于加工车轮的轮辋和轮辐,根据轮辋和轮辐的外形结构的不同,更换对应的模具即可。
具体地,通过将毛坯在加热炉中加热至第一预设温度T1,并保温第一预设时长t1,取出经过加热后的毛坯并置于热旋压机的热旋压工位处,以对毛坯进行旋压成型作业,以形成预加工件的基本形状;完成旋压成型作业后,热旋压机的支撑结构将经过旋压成型作业后的毛坯输送至冷却区域以冷却至第二预设温度T2,这样,结合热成型和热旋压技术,使得毛坯在加工过程中确保毛坯具有足够的结构强度的同时,还能够达到减薄成型的目的,从而有利于预加工件的轻量化制造,确保车轮的轮辐和轮辋的质量均较轻,从而确保轮辐和轮辋焊接之后形成的车轮的轻量化设计,有利于降低车辆的能耗。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解,本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请,并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中:
图1示出了根据本申请的一种可选实施例的工件的轻量化的加工方法的流程示意图;
图2示出了根据本申请的一种可选实施例的热旋压机的结构示意图;
图3示出了根据本申请的一种可选实施例的冷旋压机的结构示意图。
其中,上述附图包括以下附图标记:
1、毛坯;10、基座;20、第一固定支架;30、支撑结构;31、退料器;32、支撑凸模;40、第二固定支架;50、旋轮;60、第三固定支架;70、压料机构;71、驱动轴;72、压料端头;80、接料结构;81、接料通道;90、缓冲板;100、输送带;200、冷却管;300、加热管;400、供热气瓶。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的,决不作为对本申请及其应用或使用的任何限制。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
为了解决现有技术中的车轮因轮辐和轮辋的厚度均厚而导致车轮的重量较大,增加了车辆的能耗的问题,本申请提供了一种工件的轻量化的加工方法和旋压装置。
如图1所示,工件的轻量化的加工方法,包括将毛坯在加热炉中加热至第一预设温度T1,并保温第一预设时长t1;取出经过加热后的毛坯并置于热旋压机的热旋压工位处,以对毛坯进行旋压成型作业,以形成预加工件的基本形状;完成旋压成型作业后,热旋压机的支撑结构将经过旋压成型作业后的毛坯输送至冷却区域以冷却至第二预设温度T2。
本申请提供了一种工件的轻量化的加工方法,可用于加工车轮的轮辋和轮辐,根据轮辋和轮辐的外形结构的不同,更换对应的模具即可。
具体地,通过将毛坯在加热炉中加热至第一预设温度T1,并保温第一预设时长t1,取出经过加热后的毛坯并置于热旋压机的热旋压工位处,以对毛坯进行旋压成型作业,以形成预加工件的基本形状;完成旋压成型作业后,热旋压机的支撑结构将经过旋压成型作业后的毛坯输送至冷却区域以冷却至第二预设温度T2,这样,结合热成型和热旋压技术,使得毛坯在加工过程中确保毛坯具有足够的结构强度的同时,还能够达到减薄成型的目的,从而有利于预加工件的轻量化制造,确保车轮的轮辐和轮辋的质量均较轻,从而确保轮辐和轮辋焊接之后形成的车轮的轻量化设计,有利于降低车辆的能耗。
需要说明的是,在本申请中,通过热成型技术使得毛坯材料的组织结构发生变化,即,由贝氏体转化为马氏体,而热旋压技术能够使得毛坯材料的原子结构发生变化,即,原子之间的距离有效缩短。
可选地,第一预设温度T1满足:900℃≤T1≤930℃。
可选地,第一预设时长t1满足:3min≤t1≤10min。
可选地,在旋压成型作业过程中,毛坯在热旋压机内的温度保持在第三预设温度T3,其中,800℃≤T3≤930℃。
在本申请的一个实施例中,在旋压成型作业过程中,热旋压机的压料端头将毛坯限位在热旋压工位处,热旋压机的旋轮与毛坯抵接并对毛坯进行旋压成型作业。这样,确保压料端头对毛坯的限位可靠性。
在本申请的一个实施例中,在完成旋压成型作业后,支撑结构将经过旋压成型作业后的毛坯推入至热旋压机的接料通道内,毛坯在接料通道内与缓冲板碰撞,以使毛坯的运动速度降低。这样,缓冲板起到对毛坯减速的作用,甚至使得毛坯停止,再通过皮带进行输送。
可选地,经过减速的毛坯在接料通道内的输送带的作用下进入接料通道内的冷却区域冷却第二预设时长t2,其中,10s≤t2≤12s。
可选地,第二预设温度T2满足:0≤T2≤230℃。
可选地,在进入冷却区域内,且冷却作业没有开始时,毛坯的温度为第四预设温度T4,其中,750℃≤T4≤930℃。
当然,在将毛坯置于加热炉中加热之前,将毛坯置于冷旋压机的冷旋压工位处,并在冷旋压工位处进行冷旋压成型作业,以对毛坯进行减薄。这样,冷旋压机的冷旋压作业能够使得毛坯在进入加热炉之前进行初次减薄。
需要说明的是,本申请不需要大型滚式加热炉,普通的加热炉即可,且无需一直开启加热装置。只需开启保温装置即可,在需要时候开启加热装置即可,大大降低了能耗和生产投入。
以下以冷旋压机为例进行阐述:
如图3所示,旋压装置包括基座10、第一固定支架20、支撑结构30、第二固定支架40和旋轮50,其中,第一固定支架20设置在基座10上;支撑结构30可活动地设置在第一固定支架20的侧壁面上,支撑结构30远离第一固定支架20一侧的端面具有用于支撑毛坯1的支撑面;第二固定支架40设置在基座10上并与第一固定支架20相对设置;旋轮50可转动地设置在第二固定支架40朝向第一固定支架20一侧的侧壁面上,并位于支撑结构30的上方。这样,确保旋轮50能够对位于支撑结构30的端部支撑面上的毛坯1进行有效地旋压作业。
如图3所示,支撑结构30包括退料器31和支撑凸模32,退料器31可伸缩地设置在第一固定支架20的侧壁面上;支撑凸模32可转动地设置在退料器31上,且支撑凸模32具有支撑面;其中,退料器31具有沿远离第一固定支架20的侧壁面伸出,以使支撑凸模32的支撑面为毛坯1提供支撑力的第一工作位置,以及退料器31具有向靠近第一固定支架20的侧壁面的方向退回,以解除支撑凸模32的支撑面对毛坯1的支撑作用的第一避让位置。
可选地,旋轮50沿其轴向可移动地设置,以对毛坯1的轴向上的不同位置处进行旋压。
可选地,旋轮50沿其径向可移动地设置,旋轮50具有沿其径向靠近毛坯1的并与毛坯1接触的第二工作位置,以及旋轮50具有沿其径向远离毛坯1以解除对毛坯1进行旋压作业的避让位置。
需要说明的是,在本申请中,旋轮50通过设置在第二固定支架40上的驱动机构驱动运动,支撑凸模32通过设置在第一固定支架20上的驱动转动,支撑凸模32转动的过程中带动毛坯1转动,毛坯1与旋轮50之间的运动副为高副,毛坯1随支撑凸模32转动的同时,带动旋轮50转动。
如图3所示,旋压装置还包括第三固定支架60和压料机构70,其中,第三固定支架60设置在基座10上,第二固定支架40位于第一固定支架20和第三固定支架60之间;压料机 构70设置在第三固定支架60朝向第二固定支架40一侧的侧壁面上,压料机构70具有驱动轴71,第二固定支架40与支撑结构30上的支撑面相对的位置处开设有避让过孔,驱动轴71穿过避让过孔设置,且驱动轴71的端部具有压料端头72。这样,压料机构70的设置,确保压料机构70的驱动轴71的端部的压料端头72能够对毛坯1进行有效限位,从而确保后续旋压作业能够顺利进行。
可选地,驱动轴71沿避让过孔的轴向可伸缩地设置。这样,使得驱动轴71能够带动压料端头72远离和靠近支撑结构30的端部支撑面,从而起到对毛坯1的避让和限位作用。
如图3所示,旋压装置还包括接料结构80、缓冲板90和输送带100,其中,接料结构80设置在基座10上,接料结构80具有接料通道81,接料通道81的通道口朝向支撑结构30设置;缓冲板90可转动地设置在接料通道81内;输送带100的至少一部分位于接料通道81内,并沿接料通道81的延伸方向可移动地设置。这样,当支撑结构30带动毛坯1向下运动并将毛坯1推入接料结构80内,接料结构80的接料通道81内的缓冲板90起到对毛坯1的有效减速的作用,输送带100进一步地起到对毛坯1的输送作用。
需要说明的是,在本申请中,与冷旋压机不同的是,如图2所示,热旋压机还包括冷却管200,冷却管200设置在接料通道81的通道壁上,以形成冷却区域,且冷却管200与外界冷却源连通。这样,确保输送带100带动毛坯1能够顺利进入冷却区域,即,使得毛坯1能够直接在热旋压机上进行冷却作业,无需额外的冷却系统。
如图2所示,热旋压机还包括加热管300,加热管300设置在第一固定支架20朝向第二固定支架40一侧的侧壁面上,并与支撑结构30间隔设置,加热管300的喷头朝向支撑面上的毛坯1。这样,在热旋压作业过程中,加热管300向毛坯1喷射热气体,以对毛坯1进行保温,从而确保毛坯1能够达到热旋压技术所需的第三预设温度T3。
如图2所示,第一固定支架20具有容纳腔,热旋压机还包括供热气瓶400和加热管300为多个,其中,供热气瓶400设置在容纳腔内,且供热气瓶400与加热管300连通;多个加热管300绕支撑结构30的外周侧间隔设置,且各加热管300的喷头均朝向毛坯1。这样,确保热旋压机的整体结构的紧凑性的同时,还确保供热气瓶400能够及时为加热管300提供加热气体。
需要注意的是,这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式,而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的,除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式,此外,还应当理解的是,当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时,其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
除非另外具体说明,否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本申请的范围。同时,应当明白,为了便于描述,附图中所示出的各个部分的尺寸并不是按照实际的比例关系绘制的。对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论,但在适当情况下,所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为授权说明书的一部分。在这里示出和讨论的所有示例中,任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的,而不是作为 限制。因此,示例性实施例的其它示例可以具有不同的值。应注意到:相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项,因此,一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义,则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
为了便于描述,在这里可以使用空间相对术语,如“在……之上”、“在……上方”、“在……上表面”、“上面的”等,用来描述如在图中所示的一个器件或特征与其他器件或特征的空间位置关系。应当理解的是,空间相对术语旨在包含除了器件在图中所描述的方位之外的在使用或操作中的不同方位。例如,如果附图中的器件被倒置,则描述为“在其他器件或构造上方”或“在其他器件或构造之上”的器件之后将被定位为“在其他器件或构造下方”或“在其他器件或构造之下”。因而,示例性术语“在……上方”可以包括“在……上方”和“在……下方”两种方位。该器件也可以其他不同方式定位(旋转90度或处于其他方位),并且对这里所使用的空间相对描述作出相应解释。
需要注意的是,这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式,而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的,除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式,此外,还应当理解的是,当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时,其指明存在特征、步骤、工作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种工件的轻量化的加工方法,其特征在于,包括:
    将毛坯在加热炉中加热至第一预设温度T1,并保温第一预设时长t1;
    取出经过加热后的所述毛坯并置于热旋压机的热旋压工位处,以对所述毛坯进行旋压成型作业,以形成预加工件的基本形状;
    完成所述旋压成型作业后,所述热旋压机的退料器将经过所述旋压成型作业后的毛坯输送至冷却区域以冷却至第二预设温度T2。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的工件的轻量化的加工方法,其特征在于,所述第一预设温度T1满足:900℃≤T1≤930℃。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的工件的轻量化的加工方法,其特征在于,所述第一预设时长t1满足:3min≤t1≤10min。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的工件的轻量化的加工方法,其特征在于,在所述旋压成型作业过程中,所述毛坯在所述热旋压机内的温度保持在第三预设温度T3,其中,800℃≤T3≤930℃。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的工件的轻量化的加工方法,其特征在于,在所述旋压成型作业过程中,所述热旋压机的压料端头将所述毛坯限位在所述热旋压工位处,所述热旋压机的旋轮与所述毛坯抵接并对所述毛坯进行所述旋压成型作业。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的工件的轻量化的加工方法,其特征在于,在完成所述旋压成型作业后,所述退料器将经过所述旋压成型作业后的毛坯推入至所述热旋压机的接料通道内,所述毛坯在所述接料通道内与缓冲板碰撞,以使所述毛坯的运动速度降低。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的工件的轻量化的加工方法,其特征在于,经过减速的所述毛坯在所述接料通道内的输送带的作用下进入所述接料通道内的冷却区域冷却第二预设时长t2,其中,10s≤t2≤12s。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的工件的轻量化的加工方法,其特征在于,所述第二预设温度T2满足:0≤T2≤230℃。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的工件的轻量化的加工方法,其特征在于,在进入所述冷却区域内,且冷却作业没有开始时,所述毛坯的温度为第四预设温度T4,其中,750℃≤T4≤930℃。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的工件的轻量化的加工方法,其特征在于,在将所述毛坯置于所述加热炉中加热之前,将所述毛坯置于冷旋压机的冷旋压工位处,并在所述冷旋压工位处进行冷旋压成型作业,以对所述毛坯进行减薄。
  11. 一种旋压装置,其特征在于,包括:
    基座(10);
    第一固定支架(20),所述第一固定支架(20)设置在所述基座(10)上;
    支撑结构(30),所述支撑结构(30)可活动地设置在所述第一固定支架(20)的侧壁面上,所述支撑结构(30)远离所述第一固定支架(20)一侧的端面具有用于支撑毛坯(1)的支撑面;
    第二固定支架(40),所述第二固定支架(40)设置在所述基座(10)上并与所述第一固定支架(20)相对设置;
    旋轮(50),所述旋轮(50)可转动地设置在所述第二固定支架(40)朝向所述第一固定支架(20)一侧的侧壁面上,并位于所述支撑结构(30)的上方。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的旋压装置,其特征在于,所述支撑结构(30)包括:
    退料器(31),所述退料器(31)可伸缩地设置在所述第一固定支架(20)的侧壁面上;
    支撑凸模(32),所述支撑凸模(32)可转动地设置在所述退料器(31)上,且所述支撑凸模(32)具有所述支撑面;
    其中,所述退料器(31)具有沿远离所述第一固定支架(20)的侧壁面伸出,以使所述支撑凸模(32)的支撑面为所述毛坯(1)提供支撑力的第一工作位置,以及所述退料器(31)具有向靠近所述第一固定支架(20)的侧壁面的方向退回,以解除所述支撑凸模(32)的支撑面对所述毛坯(1)的支撑作用的第一避让位置。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的旋压装置,其特征在于,所述旋轮(50)沿其轴向可移动地设置,以对所述毛坯(1)的轴向上的不同位置处进行旋压。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的旋压装置,其特征在于,所述旋轮(50)沿其径向可移动地设置,所述旋轮(50)具有沿其径向靠近所述毛坯(1)的并与所述毛坯(1)接触的第二工作位置,以及所述旋轮(50)具有沿其径向远离所述毛坯(1)以解除对所述毛坯(1)进行旋压作业的避让位置。
  15. 根据权利要求11所述的旋压装置,其特征在于,所述旋压装置还包括:
    第三固定支架(60),所述第三固定支架(60)设置在所述基座(10)上,所述第二固定支架(40)位于所述第一固定支架(20)和所述第三固定支架(60)之间;
    压料机构(70),所述压料机构(70)设置在所述第三固定支架(60)朝向所述第二固定支架(40)一侧的侧壁面上,所述压料机构(70)具有驱动轴(71),所述第二固定支架(40)与所述支撑结构(30)上的支撑面相对的位置处开设有避让过孔,所述驱动轴(71)穿过所述避让过孔设置,且所述驱动轴(71)的端部具有压料端头(72)。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的旋压装置,其特征在于,所述驱动轴(71)沿所述避让过孔的轴向可伸缩地设置。
  17. 根据权利要求11所述的旋压装置,其特征在于,所述旋压装置还包括:
    接料结构(80),所述接料结构(80)设置在所述基座(10)上,所述接料结构(80)具有接料通道(81),所述接料通道(81)的通道口朝向所述支撑结构(30)设置;
    缓冲板(90),所述缓冲板(90)可转动地设置在所述接料通道(81)内;
    输送带(100),所述输送带(100)的至少一部分位于所述接料通道(81)内,并沿所述接料通道(81)的延伸方向可移动地设置。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的旋压装置,其特征在于,所述旋压装置还包括:
    冷却管(200),所述冷却管(200)设置在所述接料通道(81)的通道壁上,以形成冷却区域,且所述冷却管(200)与外界冷却源连通。
  19. 根据权利要求11所述的旋压装置,其特征在于,所述旋压装置还包括:
    加热管(300),所述加热管(300)设置在所述第一固定支架(20)朝向所述第二固定支架(40)一侧的侧壁面上,并与所述支撑结构(30)间隔设置,所述加热管(300)的喷头朝向所述支撑面上的毛坯(1)。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的旋压装置,其特征在于,所述第一固定支架(20)具有容纳腔,
    所述旋压装置还包括:
    供热气瓶(400),所述供热气瓶(400)设置在所述容纳腔内,且所述供热气瓶(400)与所述加热管(300)连通;
    所述加热管(300)为多个,多个所述加热管(300)绕所述支撑结构(30)的外周侧间隔设置,且各所述加热管(300)的喷头均朝向所述毛坯(1)。
  21. 根据权利要求11至17中任一项所述的旋压装置,其特征在于,所述旋压装置为冷旋压机。
  22. 根据权利要求11至20中任一项所述的旋压装置,其特征在于,所述旋压装置为热旋压机。
PCT/CN2022/143050 2021-12-31 2022-12-28 工件的轻量化的加工方法和旋压装置 WO2023125734A1 (zh)

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