WO2023125310A1 - 一种通信方法及通信装置 - Google Patents

一种通信方法及通信装置 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2023125310A1
WO2023125310A1 PCT/CN2022/141566 CN2022141566W WO2023125310A1 WO 2023125310 A1 WO2023125310 A1 WO 2023125310A1 CN 2022141566 W CN2022141566 W CN 2022141566W WO 2023125310 A1 WO2023125310 A1 WO 2023125310A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
network element
congestion
congestion information
data flow
information
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/141566
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱浩仁
诸华林
倪慧
徐艺珊
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Publication of WO2023125310A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023125310A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/27—Evaluation or update of window size, e.g. using information derived from acknowledged [ACK] packets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/12—Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/28—Flow control; Congestion control in relation to timing considerations
    • H04L47/283—Flow control; Congestion control in relation to timing considerations in response to processing delays, e.g. caused by jitter or round trip time [RTT]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/33—Flow control; Congestion control using forward notification
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/0289—Congestion control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/08—Load balancing or load distribution
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/08—Load balancing or load distribution
    • H04W28/09—Management thereof
    • H04W28/0958—Management thereof based on metrics or performance parameters
    • H04W28/0967—Quality of Service [QoS] parameters
    • H04W28/0975—Quality of Service [QoS] parameters for reducing delays

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of communication, and in particular, to a communication method and a communication device.
  • Latency-sensitive applications can be divided into two categories: computing offloading applications and real-time synchronization applications.
  • the basic feature of computing offloading applications is to offload the heavy computing part of the terminal equipment to the edge cloud, and the edge cloud obtains the calculation results.
  • There are real-time requirements for the calculation results returned by the edge cloud such as automated guided vehicles (AGV) , tele-operated driving, cloud gaming, cloud augmented reality, drones, real-time video conferencing, augmented reality occlusion, and cloud virtual reality virtual reality) and so on.
  • AVG automated guided vehicles
  • tele-operated driving cloud gaming
  • cloud augmented reality drones
  • real-time video conferencing real-time video conferencing
  • augmented reality occlusion augmented reality virtual reality virtual reality
  • Latency stability is an important indicator of latency-sensitive applications. How to improve latency stability to improve user experience is currently a hot topic.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a communication method and a communication device, so as to reduce time delay during data transmission.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, and the method may be executed by an access network element, or by a component (such as a chip or a chip system) of the access network element.
  • the network element of the access network receives first indication information from the network element with a session management function; the network element of the access network activates the congestion acquisition function of the network element of the access network according to the first indication information, wherein, the congestion obtaining function is used to obtain the congestion situation of the network element of the access network during the data flow transmission process of the target service; the network element of the access network obtains the congestion situation of the network element of the access network;
  • the network element of the access network sends the first congestion information to the functional network element of the user plane or the terminal equipment, and indicates the congestion situation of the network element of the access network through the first congestion information.
  • the sending end of the data flow of the target service may be a terminal device or an application function network element.
  • the network element of the access network sends the first congestion information to the terminal device, and after receiving the first congestion information, the terminal device can adjust the data flow of the target service according to the first congestion information.
  • the access network element sends the first congestion information to the terminal device, and the terminal device sends the first congestion information to the application function network element after receiving the first congestion information, and the application function network element
  • the sending window of the data stream of the target service may be adjusted according to the first congestion information; or, the network element of the access network sends the first congestion information to the functional network element of the user plane, and the functional network element of the user plane sends the first congestion information to the It is sent to the application function network element, and the application function network element can adjust the sending window of the data flow of the target service according to the first congestion information.
  • the network element of the access network activates its own congestion acquisition function in response to the first indication information of the session management function network element, that is, acquires its own congestion situation during the data flow transmission process of the target service. Further, the network element of the access network may send the first congestion information for indicating its own congestion to the user plane functional network element or the terminal device, so as to report its own congestion to the sending end of the data flow of the target service, so that the The sending end can adjust the sending window of the data stream of the target service according to the congestion situation of the network elements of the access network, thereby reducing the transmission delay of the data stream of the target service and improving the delay stability of the target service.
  • the method may further include: receiving, by the access network element, second congestion information from the user plane functional network element; The information obtains the congestion situation of the user plane function network element; the network element of the access network sends the second congestion information to the terminal device.
  • the access network element can also obtain the second congestion information of the user plane functional network element, and send the second congestion information to the terminal device, realizing the reporting of the congestion situation of the user plane functional network element, which can The transmission delay of the data flow of the target service is reduced, and the delay stability of the target service is improved.
  • the network element of the access network obtains the congestion situation of the functional network element of the user plane according to the second congestion information, which may be: the network element of the access network information receiving frequency to obtain the congestion situation of the user plane functional network element; or, the second congestion information includes the congestion level of the user plane functional network element, or the data flow to be transmitted in the user plane functional network element At least one of the data volumes.
  • the second congestion information may be: the network element of the access network information receiving frequency to obtain the congestion situation of the user plane functional network element; or, the second congestion information includes the congestion level of the user plane functional network element, or the data flow to be transmitted in the user plane functional network element At least one of the data volumes.
  • the second congestion information can be implemented in various ways to indicate the congestion situation of the functional network element of the user plane, and the implementation mode is flexible.
  • the sending of the first congestion information by the network element of the access network to the terminal device may be: the network element of the access network transmits the first congestion information through a media access control control element message or high-level signaling , sending the first congestion information to the terminal device.
  • the network element of the access network can send the first congestion information to the terminal device through the media access control layer or higher layer, and the implementation method is flexible.
  • the method may further include: the network element of the access network according to the quality of service flow identifier of the target service, the correspondence between the quality of service flow identifier and the data radio bearer identifier, and the data The corresponding relationship between the radio bearer identifier and the logical channel identifier determines the logical channel that bears the MAC control element message.
  • the network element of the access network can use the logical channel corresponding to the target service to bear the MAC control element message including the first congestion information.
  • the access network element indicates the congestion situation of the access network element through the first congestion information, which may be: the access network element passes the first congestion information
  • the sending frequency of the information is used to indicate the congestion situation of the network element of the access network; or, the first congestion information includes one or more of the following information: the congestion level of the network element of the access network, the The data volume of the data flow to be transmitted in the network element of the access network, the channel quality indicator between the network element of the access network and the terminal equipment, the air interface between the network element of the access network and the terminal equipment Delay, or, the transmission mode for the network element of the access network to transmit the data flow.
  • the first congestion information can be used to indicate the congestion situation of the network elements of the access network in various ways, and the implementation method is flexible.
  • the method may further include: the network element of the access network activating the notification function of the network element of the access network according to the first instruction information, wherein the network element of the access network The notification function is used to send the congestion situation of the access network element to the user plane functional network element or the terminal equipment.
  • the network element of the access network can activate the notification function, and send the first congestion information according to the notification function.
  • the method may further include: the access network element receiving at least one of the first congestion acquisition mode or the first notification mode from the session management function network element;
  • the access network element determines according to the data volume of the data flow to be transmitted in the access network element or At least one of the usage conditions of the air interface resources acquires the congestion condition of the access network element;
  • the access network element receives the first notification method, the access network element according to the The first notification method is to determine that the congestion situation of the access network element is sent to the user plane functional network element or the terminal device when the data volume of the data stream to be transmitted is greater than or equal to a first threshold, and to determine Indicating the congestion situation of the network element of the access network by the first congestion information, or determining at least one item in a message carrying the first congestion information.
  • the network element of the access network can determine the way to obtain its own congestion situation according to the first congestion acquisition method, and determine the way to send the first congestion information according to the first notification method, so as to realize the reporting of its own congestion situation.
  • the acquisition of the congestion situation of the access network element by the access network element may be: the access network element according to the data to be transmitted in the access network element At least one of the data volume of the flow or the usage of air interface resources, and obtain the congestion status of the network element of the access network.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, and the method may be executed by a user plane functional network element, or by a component (such as a chip or a chip system) of the user plane functional network element.
  • the user plane functional network element receives second indication information from the session management functional network element; the user plane functional network element activates the congestion acquisition function of the user plane functional network element according to the second indication information, wherein The congestion obtaining function is used to obtain the congestion situation of the user plane functional network element during the data stream transmission process of the target service; the user plane functional network element obtains the congestion situation of the user plane functional network element; the The user plane functional network element sends the second congestion information to the application function network element or the access network element, and indicates the congestion situation of the user plane functional network element through the second congestion information.
  • the sending end of the data flow of the target service may be a terminal device or an application function network element.
  • the user plane functional network element sends the second congestion information to the access network element, and the access network element sends the second congestion information to the terminal device after receiving the second congestion information, and the terminal device may Adjust the sending window of the data stream of the target service according to the second congestion information; or, the user plane functional network element sends the second congestion information to the application functional network element, and the application functional network element sends the second congestion information to the The terminal device, and further the terminal device may adjust the sending window of the data flow of the target service according to the second congestion information.
  • the user plane function network element sends the second congestion information to the access network element, and the access network element sends the second congestion information to the terminal device after receiving the second congestion information, Then the terminal device sends it to the application function network element, and the application function network element can adjust the sending window of the data stream of the target service according to the second congestion information; or, the user plane function network element sends the second congestion information to the application function network element After receiving the second congestion information, the application function network element may adjust the sending window of the data flow of the target service according to the first congestion information.
  • the user plane function network element activates its own congestion acquisition function in response to the second indication information of the session management function network element, that is, acquires its own congestion situation during the data flow transmission process of the target service.
  • the user plane functional network element can send the second congestion information used to indicate its own congestion to the access network element or the application function network element, so as to realize the reporting of its own congestion to the sending end of the data flow of the target service, so as to The sending end can adjust the sending window of the data stream of the target service according to the congestion situation of the functional network element of the user plane, so as to reduce the transmission delay of the data stream of the target service and improve the delay stability of the target service.
  • the method may further include: the user plane functional network element receiving first congestion information from the access network element; the user plane functional network element according to the first congestion information The information obtains the congestion situation of the network element of the access network; the functional network element of the user plane sends the first congestion information to the network element of the application function.
  • the user plane functional network element can also obtain the first congestion information of the access network element, and send the first congestion information to the application functional network element, realizing the reporting of the congestion situation of the access network element , can reduce the transmission delay of the data flow of the target service, and improve the delay stability of the target service.
  • the user plane functional network element learns the congestion situation of the access network element according to the first congestion information, which may be: the user plane functional network element learns the congestion situation of the access network element according to the first congestion information
  • the congestion status of the network elements of the access network is known by the receiving frequency of the information; or, the first congestion information includes one or more of the following information: the congestion level of the network elements of the access network, the access The data volume of the data flow to be transmitted in the network element, the channel quality indicator between the access network element and the terminal equipment, and the air interface delay between the access network element and the terminal equipment , or, a transmission manner in which the network element of the access network transmits the data flow.
  • the user plane functional network element sending the second congestion information to the application functional network element may be: the user plane functional network element sends the application functional network element sending the second congestion information, where the second congestion information includes identification information of the terminal device and identification information of the target service.
  • the user plane functional network element can create a message carrying the second congestion information, and send the message to the application functional network element through the network opening functional network element.
  • the method may further include: the user plane functional network element sending the second congestion information to the application functional network element, which may be: the user plane functional network element generates a message bearing the second congestion information the first message; the user plane functional network element sends the first message to the application functional network element; wherein, when the data flow is a downlink data flow, the source address of the first message is the The destination address of the data flow, the destination address of the first message is the source address of the data flow; or, when the data flow is a downstream data flow, the source address of the first message is the source address of the data flow destination address, the destination address of the first message is the address of the application function network element configured by the application function network element; or, when the data flow is an uplink data flow, the source address of the first message is the The source address of the data flow, the destination address of the first message is the destination address of the data flow; or, when the data flow is an upstream data flow, the source address of the first message is the data flow source address of the first message, and the destination
  • the user plane functional network element can determine the source address and destination address of the first message carrying the second congestion information in various ways, so as to realize the report.
  • the user plane functional network element sending the second congestion information to the application functional network element may be: when the data flow is a downlink data flow, the user plane functional network element passes The response message of the data flow, sending the second congestion information to the application function network element;
  • the user plane function network element sends the second congestion information to the application function network element through an uplink packet carrying data of the target service.
  • the user plane functional network element can use the response message or the uplink message to carry the second congestion information, such as adding or modifying elements in the protocol header to carry the second congestion information, without adding a new message Carrying the second congestion information can reduce network resource consumption and improve network resource utilization.
  • the user plane functional network element indicates the congestion situation of the user plane functional network element through the second congestion information, which may be:
  • the user plane functional network element indicates the congestion situation of the user plane functional network element according to the sending frequency of the second congestion information
  • the second congestion information includes at least one of a congestion level of the user plane functional network element, or a data volume of a data flow to be transmitted in the user plane functional network element.
  • the method may further include: the user plane functional network element activating the notification function of the user plane functional network element according to the second indication information, wherein the user plane functional network element The notification function is used to send the congestion situation of the user plane function network element to the application function network element or the access network element.
  • the method may further include: the user plane functional network element receiving at least one of the second congestion acquisition mode or the second notification mode from the session management functional network element;
  • the functional network element on the user plane receives the second congestion acquisition method, the functional network element on the user plane determines to obtain the data volume according to the data flow to be transmitted in the functional network element on the user plane according to the second congestion acquisition method.
  • the congestion situation of the user plane functional network element when the user plane functional network element receives the second notification method, the user plane functional network element determines that the When the data volume of the data stream is greater than or equal to the second threshold, the congestion situation of the user plane function network element is sent to the application function network element or the access network element, and it is determined that the second congestion information indicates the congestion situation of the user plane function network element.
  • the congestion situation of the user plane function network element, or at least one item of the message carrying the second congestion information is determined.
  • the user plane functional network element can determine the way to obtain its own congestion situation according to the second congestion acquisition method, and determine the way to send the second congestion information according to the second notification method, so as to realize the reporting of its own congestion situation.
  • the user plane functional network element obtains the congestion situation of the user plane functional network element, which may be: the user plane functional network element according to the data to be transmitted in the user plane functional network element The data volume of the flow is obtained to obtain the congestion situation of the user plane functional network element.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, which may be an access network element, and has functions of the access network element in the first aspect or each possible design example of the first aspect.
  • the functions may be realized by hardware, or may be realized by executing corresponding software by hardware.
  • Hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above-mentioned functions.
  • the structure of the communication device may include a communication module and a processing module, and these modules may perform the corresponding functions of the network elements of the access network in the above first aspect or in each possible design example of the first aspect. For details, see The detailed description in the method example is not repeated here.
  • the structure of the communication device may include an interface circuit and one or more processors.
  • the communication device further includes a memory.
  • the interface circuit is used for sending and receiving data, and for communicating and interacting with other devices in the communication system.
  • the one or more processors are configured to support the communication device to execute the corresponding functions of the access network elements in the first aspect or each possible design example of the first aspect.
  • a memory coupled to the one or more processors, holds program instructions and data necessary for the communication device.
  • the structure of the communication device may include memory and one or more processors.
  • the memory is coupled to the one or more processors; the memory is used to store computer programs or instructions, and when the computer programs or instructions are executed by the one or more processors, the communication device performs the first aspect or the first aspect above.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, which may be a user plane functional network element, and has the function of implementing the user plane functional network element in the second aspect or each possible design example of the second aspect.
  • the functions may be realized by hardware, or may be realized by executing corresponding software by hardware.
  • Hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above-mentioned functions.
  • the structure of the communication device may include a communication module and a processing module, and these modules may perform the corresponding functions of the user plane function network element in the second aspect or each possible design example of the second aspect, for details, see The detailed description in the method example is not repeated here.
  • the structure of the communication device may include an interface circuit and one or more processors.
  • the communication device further includes a memory.
  • the interface circuit is used for sending and receiving data, and for communicating and interacting with other devices in the communication system.
  • the one or more processors are configured to support the communication device to execute the corresponding functions of the user plane function network element in the above second aspect or each possible design example of the second aspect.
  • a memory coupled to the one or more processors, holds program instructions and data necessary for the communication device.
  • the structure of the communication device may include memory and one or more processors.
  • the memory is coupled with the one or more processors; the memory is used to store computer programs or instructions, and when the computer programs or instructions are executed by the one or more processors, the communication device performs the above-mentioned second aspect or the first aspect.
  • the present application provides a communication system, including the communication device in the third aspect and/or the communication device in the fourth aspect.
  • the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which computer programs or instructions are stored, and when the computer programs or instructions are executed, any design of the above-mentioned first aspect or the first aspect can be realized method described in .
  • the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which computer programs or instructions are stored, and when the computer programs or instructions are executed, any design of the above-mentioned second aspect or the second aspect can be realized method described in .
  • the present application provides a computer program product, the computer program product including: a computer program (also referred to as code, or instruction), when the computer program is executed, the computer executes the above-mentioned first aspect or the first The method described in any one of the designs of the aspect.
  • a computer program also referred to as code, or instruction
  • the present application provides a computer program product, which includes: a computer program (also referred to as code, or an instruction), which, when the computer program is executed, causes the computer to perform the above-mentioned second aspect or the second The method described in any one of the designs of the aspect.
  • a computer program also referred to as code, or an instruction
  • the present application provides a chip system, which includes a processor and an interface, configured to support a communication device to implement the method described in the first aspect or any one of the designs of the first aspect.
  • the chip system further includes a memory, and the memory is used to store necessary information and data of the aforementioned communication device.
  • the system-on-a-chip may consist of chips, or may include chips and other discrete devices.
  • the present application provides a chip system, which includes a processor and an interface, configured to support a communication device to implement the method described in the second aspect or any one of the designs of the second aspect.
  • the chip system further includes a memory, and the memory is used to store necessary information and data of the aforementioned communication device.
  • the system-on-a-chip may consist of chips, or may include chips and other discrete devices.
  • the present application also provides a communication system, the communication system includes a method for implementing the above-mentioned first aspect or any one of the designs of the first aspect, and is used for implementing the above-mentioned second aspect or the first aspect One or more of the network elements of the access network and the network elements of the core network in the method described in any one of the two aspects.
  • Figure 1a is a schematic diagram of the 5G network architecture based on the service architecture
  • Figure 1b is a schematic diagram of a 5G network architecture based on a point-to-point interface
  • Figure 1c is another schematic diagram of a 5G network architecture based on a point-to-point interface
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of another communication method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of another communication method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of another communication method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of another communication method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a communication method and a communication device, which are used to report the congestion situation of the network bottleneck node to the data sending end, so that the data sending end can adjust the sending window according to the congestion situation, reduce the time delay in the data transmission process, and improve Latency stability.
  • the method and the device are based on the same technical conception. Since the method and the device solve the problem similarly, the implementation of the device and the method can be referred to each other, and the repetition will not be repeated.
  • a and/or B which may mean: A exists alone, and A and B, there are three situations of B alone.
  • the character "/” generally indicates that the contextual objects are an "or" relationship.
  • a plurality referred to in this application refers to two or more than two. At least one means one or more.
  • Fig. 1a is a schematic diagram of a network architecture provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the network architecture may include user equipment, (wireless) access network equipment, user plane network elements, data network, authentication server, mobility management network element, session management network element, application network element, unified Data management network element, policy control network element, network function repository function network element, network open network element and network slice selection function network element, etc.
  • Each network element involved in the network architecture will be described respectively below.
  • User equipment can also be called terminal, access terminal, subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, wireless communication device , User Agent, or User Device.
  • the terminal in the embodiment of the present application may be a mobile phone (mobile phone), a tablet computer (pad), a computer with a wireless transceiver function, a virtual reality (virtual reality, VR) terminal, an augmented reality (augmented reality, AR) terminal, an industrial Wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in self driving, wireless terminals in remote medical, wireless terminals in smart grid, transportation safety Wireless terminals in smart cities, wireless terminals in smart cities, wireless terminals in smart homes, cellular phones, cordless phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, wireless local loop ( wireless local loop (WLL) station, personal digital assistant (personal digital assistant, PDA), handheld device with wireless communication function, computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, vehicle-mounted device, wearable device, 5G network A terminal or a terminal
  • wearable devices can also be called wearable smart devices, which is a general term for the application of wearable technology to intelligently design daily wear and develop wearable devices, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing and shoes.
  • a wearable device is a portable device that is worn directly on the body or integrated into the user's clothing or accessories.
  • Wearable devices are not only a hardware device, but also achieve powerful functions through software support, data interaction, and cloud interaction.
  • Generalized wearable smart devices include full-featured, large-sized, complete or partial functions without relying on smart phones, such as smart watches or smart glasses, etc., and only focus on a certain type of application functions, and need to cooperate with other devices such as smart phones Use, such as various smart bracelets and smart jewelry for physical sign monitoring.
  • R wireless access network equipment
  • access network equipment can also be called access equipment, access network elements, etc.
  • R)AN can manage wireless resources and provide users with The device provides access services and completes the forwarding of user equipment data between the user equipment and the core network.
  • R)AN can also be understood as a base station in the network.
  • the access network device in the embodiment of the present application may be any communication device with a wireless transceiver function for communicating with the user equipment.
  • the access network equipment includes but not limited to: evolved Node B (evolved Node B, eNB), radio network controller (radio network controller, RNC), Node B (Node B, NB), base station controller (base station controller) , BSC), base transceiver station (base transceiver station, BTS), home base station (home evolved NodeB, HeNB, or home Node B, HNB), baseband unit (baseBand unit, BBU), wireless fidelity (wireless fidelity, WIFI)
  • the access point (access point, AP), wireless relay node, wireless backhaul node, transmission point (transmission point, TP) or transmission and reception point (transmission and reception point, TRP) in the system can also be 5G,
  • a gNB may include a centralized unit (CU) and a DU.
  • the gNB may also include an active antenna unit (AAU).
  • the CU implements some functions of the gNB, and the DU implements some functions of the gNB.
  • the CU is responsible for processing non-real-time protocols and services, and realizing the functions of radio resource control (radio resource control, RRC) and packet data convergence protocol (packet data convergence protocol, PDCP) layer.
  • the DU is responsible for processing physical layer protocols and real-time services, realizing the functions of the radio link control (radio link control, RLC) layer, media access control (media access control, MAC) layer and physical (physical, PHY) layer.
  • the AAU implements some physical layer processing functions, radio frequency processing and related functions of active antennas.
  • the information of the RRC layer is generated by the CU, and will eventually be packaged into the PHY layer information by the PHY layer of the DU, or transformed from the information of the PHY layer. Therefore, under this architecture, high-level signaling such as RRC layer signaling can also be considered to be sent by the DU, or sent by the DU+AAU.
  • the access network device may be a device including one or more of a CU node, a DU node, and an AAU node.
  • the CU can be divided into access network devices in the access network (radio access network, RAN), and the CU can also be divided into access network devices in the core network (core network, CN). Do limited.
  • User plane network element As an interface with the data network, it completes functions such as user plane data forwarding, session/flow-based billing statistics, and bandwidth limitation. That is, packet routing and forwarding, and quality of service (QoS) processing of user plane data.
  • QoS quality of service
  • the user plane network element may be a user plane function (user plane function, UPF) network element.
  • UPF user plane function
  • Data network Provide such as operator services, Internet access or third-party services, including servers, which implement video source encoding and rendering, etc.
  • the data network may be a data network (data network, DN).
  • Authentication server perform user security authentication.
  • the authentication server may be an authentication server function (authentication server function, AUSF).
  • Mobility management network element mainly used for mobility management and access management.
  • the access management network element may be an access and mobility management function (access and mobility management function, AMF), which mainly performs functions such as mobility management and access authentication/authorization.
  • AMF access and mobility management function
  • PCF policy control function
  • Session management network element mainly used for session management, Internet Protocol (IP) address allocation and management of user equipment, selection of manageable user plane functions, policy control and charging function interface endpoints, and downlink data notification etc.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • the session management network element can be a session management function (session management function, SMF) network element, which completes terminal IP address allocation, UPF network element selection, and billing and QoS policy control.
  • SMF session management function
  • the application network element can be an application function (application function, AF) network element, which represents the application function of a third party or an operator, and is the interface for the 5G network to obtain external application data. It is used to transfer the requirements from the application side to the network side.
  • application function application function, AF
  • AF application function
  • Unified data management network element responsible for the management of user identification, contract data, authentication data, and user service network element registration management.
  • the unified data management network element may be unified data management (unified data management, UDM).
  • Policy control network element including user subscription data management functions, policy control functions, billing policy control functions, quality of service (QoS) control, etc., a unified policy framework for guiding network behavior, which is the control plane function
  • a network element such as an AMF network element, an SMF network element, etc.
  • QoS quality of service
  • the policy control network element may be a PCF network element.
  • Function network element of network function repository provide storage function and selection function of network function entity information for other core network elements.
  • the network element may be a network function repository function (network function repository function, NRF).
  • the network open network element can be a network element function (network element function, NEF) network element, which is mainly used to expose the 3rd generation partnership project (3rd generation partnership project) to the AF network element.
  • NEF network element function
  • 3rd generation partnership project 3rd generation partnership project
  • 3GPP 3rd generation partnership project
  • Network slice selection function network element responsible for selecting network slices for UE.
  • this application network element can be a network slice selection function (network slice selection function, NSSF) network element.
  • NSSF network slice selection function
  • Nnssf, Nausf, Nnef, Nnrf, Namf, Npcf, Nsmf, Nudm, Naf, N1, N2, N3, N4, and N6 are interface serial numbers.
  • interface serial numbers refer to the meanings defined in the 3GPP standard protocol, and there is no limitation here.
  • FIG. 1b it is a schematic diagram of a 5G network architecture based on a point-to-point interface, and the introduction of the functions of the network elements can refer to the introduction of the functions of the corresponding network elements in Figure 1a, and will not be repeated here.
  • the main difference between FIG. 1b and FIG. 1a is that the interfaces between network elements in FIG. 1b are point-to-point interfaces, while the interfaces between network elements in FIG. 1a are service interfaces.
  • N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N11, N12, N13, N14, and N22 are interface serial numbers.
  • interface serial numbers refer to the meanings defined in the 3GPP standard protocol, and there is no limitation here.
  • the 5G network architecture based on point-to-point interfaces is shown in Figure 1c.
  • the access network includes a 3GPP access network and a non-3GPP (Non-3GPP) access network.
  • the access equipment in the 3GPP access network may be called RAN.
  • An access device in a non-3GPP access network may be called a non-3GPP interworking function (Non-3GPP interworking function, N3IWF) device.
  • the N3IWF equipment may include routers and the like, for example.
  • the 5G core network supports trusted Non-3GPP access
  • its 5G network architecture is similar to that shown in Figure 1c.
  • the untrusted Non-3GPP access in Fig. 1c can be replaced by the trusted Non-3GPP access
  • the N3IWF can be replaced by the trusted Non-3GPP access gateway.
  • N1, N2, N3, N4, N6, N11, NWu, Y1, and Y2 are interface serial numbers.
  • interface serial numbers refer to the meanings defined in the 3GPP standard protocol, and there is no limitation here.
  • the above-mentioned functional network element can be a network element in a hardware device, or a software function running on dedicated hardware, or a virtualization function instantiated on a platform (for example, a cloud platform).
  • the above-mentioned functional network elements can be divided into one or more services, and further, there may also be services that exist independently of network functions.
  • an instance of the above-mentioned functional network element, or an instance of a service included in the above-mentioned functional network element, or a service instance existing independently of a network function may be referred to as a service instance.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, which can be applied to the communication scenario shown in FIG. 1a, or FIG. 1b, or FIG. 1c.
  • the access network elements, session management function network elements, user plane function network elements, and terminal devices in the embodiments of this application can be the RAN, SMF, UPF, and UE in Figure 1a, Figure 1b, or Figure 1c, or they can be future
  • network elements with the functions of the RAN, SMF, UPF, and UE in the sixth generation (6th generation, 6G) network are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiments of the present application take the above RAN, SMF, UPF, and UE as examples for the access and mobility management network elements, unified data management, and user plane network elements respectively.
  • the terminal is UE as an example for description.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic flowchart of a communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the RAN acquires the congestion situation of the RAN, and sends the first congestion information to the UPF network element or the UE.
  • the SMF network element sends first indication information to the RAN; correspondingly, the RAN receives the first indication information.
  • the first indication information may indicate to activate (or trigger) the congestion acquisition function of the RAN.
  • the congestion acquisition function is used to acquire the congestion situation of the RAN during the data flow transmission process of the target service.
  • the first indication information may also indicate to activate a notification function of the RAN, and the notification capability is used to send the congestion situation of the RAN.
  • the indication to activate the congestion acquisition function of the RAN and the notification function to indicate the activation of the RAN may be the same indication information, or may be different indication information, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the target service may be a delay-sensitive service or a delay-insensitive service, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the data flow of the target service may come from UE, that is, the sending end of the data flow of the target service is the UE, or from an AF network element, that is, the sending end of the data flow of the target service is the AF network element.
  • the SMF network element may send the first indication information to the AMF network element through a service message, and then the AMF network element sends the first indication information to the RAN through an N2 message.
  • the service message may be, for example, a Namf communication N1N2 message transfer (Namf_communication_N1N2 message transfer) message, but this embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the N2SM message in the service message may include the first indication information.
  • the N2SM message may also include a QoS flow identifier (QoS flow ID, QFI) of the target service.
  • the SMF network element may determine to activate the RAN's congestion acquisition function for the target service, or determine to activate the RAN's congestion acquisition function and notification function for the target service according to local configurations (such as the requirements of the target service, etc.).
  • the SMF can determine to activate the RAN's congestion acquisition function for the target service, or determine to activate the RAN's congestion acquisition for the target service according to the authorized QoS monitoring policy (authorized QoS monitoring policy) of the target service from the PCF network element function and notification function.
  • authorized QoS monitoring policy authorized QoS monitoring policy
  • the SMF network element carries the first indication information in the service message, and sends the service message to the AMF network element; after receiving the service message, the AMF network element sends the N2SM message in the service message through the N2 message to the RAN; correspondingly, the RAN receives the N2SM message and obtains the first indication information.
  • the first indication information may be represented by a newly added information element (information element, IE) or field in the N2SM message, or may also be represented by a reserved IE or field in the N2SM message (that is, using the reserved left bit representation), etc., the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • IE information element
  • the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the congestion acquisition function can be understood as: acquiring the congestion situation of the RAN during the data flow transmission process of the target service, and reporting the acquired of congestion.
  • the SMF network element can send the first congestion acquisition method (which can be called the behavior of the RAN, such as denoted as action for RAN) to the RAN, or send the first notification method (which can be called the RAN report event , as recorded as report events), or send the first congestion acquisition method and the first notification method.
  • the RAN receives the first congestion acquisition manner, or receives the first notification manner, or receives the first congestion acquisition manner and the first notification manner.
  • the first congestion acquiring manner is used to determine a manner of acquiring the congestion situation of the RAN.
  • the first notification method is used to determine one or more of the conditions for reporting the congestion situation of the RAN, the method of reporting the congestion situation of the RAN, and the content of the report.
  • first congestion acquisition method and the first indication information may be carried in the same message or in different messages; similarly, the first notification method and the first indication information may be carried in the same message , may also be carried in different messages; this embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • the first congestion acquisition method may indicate one or more of the following:
  • the data volume of the data stream to be transmitted can be one or more of the following: the length of the data stream to be transmitted in the queue, the length of the data stream to be transmitted in the buffer (buffer), the data stream to be transmitted in the queue
  • the congestion situation of the RAN may be the current congestion situation of the RAN, or the congestion situation of the RAN within a set time period in the future, or the congestion situation of the RAN within a set time period at present and in the future.
  • the first congestion acquisition manner may indicate to acquire the current congestion situation of the RAN according to the length or data proportion of the data flow to be transmitted in the queue (or buffer area).
  • the first congestion acquisition method may indicate to acquire the congestion situation of the RAN within a set time period in the future according to the length of the data flow to be transmitted in the queue (or buffer area) or the growth of the data proportion.
  • the first congestion acquisition method may indicate that according to the length or data proportion of the data stream to be transmitted in the queue (or buffer area), and the length or data proportion of the data stream to be transmitted in the queue (or buffer area), Growth situation, to obtain the congestion situation of the RAN at present and within a set period of time in the future.
  • the queue may be a queue of the radio link control (radio link control, RLC) protocol layer in the RAN, or a queue of other protocol layers, such as a queue of the packet data convergence protocol (packet data convergence protocol, PDCP) layer, or It is the service data adaptation protocol (service data adaptation protocol, SDAP) layer queue, etc.
  • RLC radio link control
  • PDCP packet data convergence protocol
  • SDAP service data adaptation protocol
  • the first congestion obtaining manner may indicate to obtain the current congestion situation of the RAN according to the usage situation of the air interface resources of the RAN, or to obtain the congestion situation of the RAN within a set time period in the future.
  • the use of air interface resources of the RAN may be, for example, a channel quality indicator (channel quality indicator, CQI) between the RAN and the UE, but this embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the RAN may determine a manner of obtaining its own congestion situation according to the first congestion obtaining manner. That is, according to the first congestion acquisition manner, the RAN may determine to acquire the congestion situation of the RAN according to at least one of the data volume of the data flow to be transmitted in the RAN and the usage of air interface resources of the RAN.
  • the first notification method may indicate one or more of the following:
  • the first threshold can be understood as a trigger condition for the RAN to report its own congestion situation. For example, when the data volume of the data flow to be transmitted in the RAN is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the RAN sends the congestion situation of the RAN.
  • the first threshold can be the length threshold corresponding to the queue, or the length threshold corresponding to the buffer area, or the data ratio threshold corresponding to the queue, or the data ratio threshold corresponding to the buffer area, or the length or data ratio corresponding to the queue.
  • the growth threshold of the proportion, or the length corresponding to the cache area or the growth threshold of the data proportion, etc., are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the first notification method indicates the congestion situation of the sending RAN, which can be understood as the RAN may send its own congestion situation after acquiring its own congestion situation. Further, the first notification manner may also indicate to send the congestion situation of the RAN to the UE or the UPF network element.
  • the first notification manner indicates that the congestion situation of the RAN is indicated through the first congestion information, which may be understood as indicating content reported by the RAN.
  • the first notification method indicates that the congestion situation of the RAN is indicated by the sending frequency of the first congestion information, or the congestion situation of the RAN is indicated by the content contained in the first congestion information, or the congestion situation of the RAN is indicated by the sending frequency of the first congestion information and the first congestion information
  • the content contained in the information indicates the congestion situation of the RAN.
  • the sending frequency of the first congestion information may indicate the congestion situation of the RAN.
  • the first congestion information may be, for example, a fixed IE or field, or one or more bits, or one or more bytes, etc., which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the sending end or the receiving end of the data flow of the target service can determine the congestion situation of the RAN by counting the quantity of the first congestion information received per unit time.
  • Table 1 shows an example of the sending frequency of the first congestion information by taking the length of the data flow to be transmitted in the queue or the buffer area in the RAN as an example.
  • the sending frequency of the first congestion information is frequency 1; when the length of the data stream to be transmitted in the queue or the buffer is in the range When 2, the sending frequency of the first congestion information is frequency 2;
  • the greater the length of the data flow to be transmitted in the queue or buffer in the RAN the higher the frequency of sending the first congestion information may be. It should be understood that Table 1 is only an example, and does not limit the frequency of obtaining and sending the first congestion information.
  • the length of the data stream to be transmitted in the queue or buffer Sending frequency of the first congestion information range 1 frequency 1 Range 2 frequency 2 Range 3 frequency 3
  • Table 2 shows an example of the sending frequency of the first congestion information by taking the CQI between the RAN and the UE as an example.
  • the transmission frequency of the first congestion information is frequency 1; when the CQI between the RAN and the UE is in the range 2, the transmission frequency of the first congestion information is is frequency 2; when the CQI between the RAN and the UE is in range 3, the sending frequency of the first congestion information is frequency 3.
  • the greater the CQI between the RAN and the UE the higher the frequency of sending the first congestion information. It should be understood that Table 2 is only an example, and does not limit the frequency of obtaining and sending the first congestion information.
  • the amount of first congestion information received per unit time may correspond to a preset congestion level, for example, the greater the number of first congestion information received per unit time, the higher the corresponding congestion level.
  • the content contained in the first congestion information may indicate the congestion situation of the RAN.
  • the first congestion information may include but not limited to one or more of the following information:
  • the congestion level of the RAN may be a current congestion level, or a predicted congestion level within a set time period in the future, or a congestion level within a current and a set time period in the future.
  • the congestion level may be predefined or preconfigured, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application. In addition, the higher the congestion level, the more severe the congestion.
  • the data volume of the data stream to be transmitted can be one or more of the following: the length of the data stream to be transmitted in the queue, the length of the data stream to be transmitted in the buffer (buffer), the data stream to be transmitted in the queue
  • the CQI between the RAN and the UE can be the current CQI between the RAN and the UE, or the CQI between the RAN and the UE within the predicted future set duration, or the CQI between the RAN and the UE within the current and future set duration CQI.
  • Air interface delay between RAN and UE Air interface delay between RAN and UE.
  • the air interface delay between the RAN and the UE may be the current air interface delay, or the air interface delay within the predicted future set duration, or the air interface delay within the current and future set duration.
  • the air interface delay can be, for example, the retransmission delay of the RLC layer, or the retransmission delay of the media access control (media access control, MAC) layer, or the retransmission delay of the RLC layer and the retransmission of the MAC layer.
  • the time delay and the like are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the transmission method of the data flow of the RAN transmission target service can be the transmission method of the data flow of the current RAN transmission target service, or the transmission method of the data flow of the RAN transmission target service within the future set time period, or the current and future set time length
  • the transmission mode of the data flow of the internal RAN transmission target service may be, for example, one or more of an air interface standard, a frequency band, and a transmission technology.
  • the transmission technology may be, for example, carrier aggregation (carrier aggregation, CA), or multiple-input multiple-output mode (multiple-input multiple-output mode, MIMO).
  • the first notification manner indicates a message carrying the first congestion information, which may be understood as a manner of instructing the RAN to report the first congestion information.
  • the message bearing the first congestion information may be, for example, an N3 message, or a media access control element (media access control-control element, MAC-CE) message, or a high-layer signaling, etc., the present application Examples are not limited thereto.
  • the N3 message may be, for example, an N3 notification (N3 notification) message, etc., and this embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the high-layer signaling may be, for example, radio resource control (radio resource control, RRC) signaling, or PDCP signaling, or SDAP signaling.
  • the RAN may send the first congestion information to the UPF network element through the N3 message according to the first notification manner.
  • the RAN may send the first congestion information to the UE through the MAC-CE message according to the first notification manner.
  • the RAN may send the first congestion information to the UE through high-layer signaling according to the first notification manner.
  • the RAN may determine the reporting condition of the first congestion information, the reporting manner of the first congestion information, and the reporting content according to the first notification manner. That is, according to the first notification method, the RAN can determine that the congestion situation of the RAN is sent to the UPF network element or UE when the data volume of the data flow to be transmitted is greater than or equal to the first threshold, and determine that the congestion of the RAN is indicated by the first congestion information situation, or determine at least one item in the message carrying the first congestion information.
  • the first indication information can be represented by a newly added IE or field in the N2SM message, or by a reserved IE or field in the N2SM message, that is, the SMF network element explicitly instructs the RAN to activate the RAN's Congestion acquisition function.
  • the SMF network element may instruct the RAN to activate the congestion acquisition function of the RAN in an implicit manner.
  • the SMF network element may instruct the RAN to activate its own congestion acquisition function through the first congestion acquisition manner, or through the first notification manner, or through the first congestion acquisition manner and the first notification manner.
  • the SMF network element sends the first congestion acquisition method to the RAN.
  • the RAN After receiving the first congestion acquisition method, the RAN activates its own congestion acquisition function, and obtains its own congestion acquisition method according to the first congestion acquisition method during the data flow transmission process of the target service. Congestion situation, and report its own congestion situation.
  • the SMF network element sends the first notification method to the RAN.
  • the RAN After receiving the first notification method, the RAN activates its own congestion acquisition function, and obtains its own congestion situation during the data flow transmission process of the target service, and follows the first notification method. report its own congestion status.
  • the SMF network element sends the first congestion acquisition method and the first notification method to the RAN.
  • the RAN After receiving the first congestion acquisition method and the first notification method, the RAN activates its own congestion acquisition function, and transmits the data flow of the target service Obtain its own congestion situation according to the first congestion acquisition method, and report its own congestion situation according to the first notification method.
  • the description below takes the SMF network element sending the first indication information to the RAN as an example.
  • the RAN receives the first indication information from the SMF network element.
  • the RAN may execute the content shown in step S202.
  • the RAN activates a congestion acquisition function of the RAN according to the first indication information.
  • the RAN activates (or triggers) its own congestion acquisition function in response to the first indication information.
  • the RAN activates (or triggers) its own notification function in response to the first indication information.
  • the congestion acquisition function and the notification function please refer to the related content of step S201, which will not be repeated here.
  • S203 The RAN obtains the congestion situation of the RAN.
  • the RAN activates its own congestion acquisition function, which can acquire the congestion situation of the RAN during the data flow transmission process of the target service.
  • the RAN activates its own congestion acquisition function to acquire the congestion situation of the RAN during the data flow transmission process of the target service. For example, during the data stream transmission process of the target service, the RAN may base on the data volume of the data stream to be transmitted in the RAN, or according to the usage of air interface resources in the RAN, or according to the data volume of the data stream to be transmitted in the RAN and the air interface Resource usage, get RAN congestion.
  • the RAN when the RAN receives the first congestion acquisition method from the SMF network element, the RAN can acquire the congestion situation of the RAN according to the first congestion acquisition method during the data flow transmission process of the target service. For example, when the first congestion obtaining manner indicates to obtain the congestion situation of the RAN according to the data volume of the data flow to be transmitted in the RAN, the RAN may obtain the congestion situation of the RAN according to the data volume of the data flow to be transmitted in the RAN. For another example, when the first congestion obtaining manner is used to obtain the congestion situation of the RAN according to the usage situation of the air interface resources of the RAN, the RAN may acquire the congestion situation of the RAN according to the usage situation of the air interface resources of the RAN.
  • the RAN may obtain the congestion situation of the RAN according to the data volume of the data stream to be transmitted in the RAN and the Use of air interface resources to obtain RAN congestion.
  • the RAN acquires its own congestion situation. Further, the RAN may send its own congestion situation to the UE (that is, send the first congestion information), or send its own congestion situation to the UPF network element (that is, send the first congestion information). That is, next, the RAN may execute the content shown in step S204a, or execute the content shown in step S204b.
  • the RAN may send the first congestion information to the UE or send the first congestion information to the UPF network element according to the usage of its own bandwidth resources, the usage of the air interface resources, and the type of the target service. For example, when the air interface resources are sufficient, the RAN may send the first congestion information to the UE, that is, perform the content shown in step S204a. For another example, when air interface resources are in short supply, the RAN may send the first congestion information to the UPF network element, that is, perform the content shown in step S204b.
  • the RAN may send the first congestion information to the UE according to the first notification method, or send the first congestion information to the UPF network element.
  • the RAN may send the first congestion information to the UPF network element through the N3 message according to the first notification method, that is, perform the content shown in step S204b.
  • the RAN may send the first congestion information to the UE through the MAC-CE message according to the first notification method, that is, perform step S204a Content.
  • the RAN may send the first congestion information to the UE through high-layer signaling according to the first notification method, that is, perform the content shown in step S204a .
  • the RAN indicates the congestion situation of the RAN through the first congestion information, and sends the first congestion information to the UE.
  • the RAN may send first congestion information to the UE, where the first congestion information indicates the congestion situation of the RAN.
  • the sending frequency of the first congestion information indicates the congestion situation of the RAN, or the content contained in the first congestion information is used to indicate the congestion situation of the RAN, or the sending frequency of the first congestion information and the content contained in the first congestion information indicate
  • the congestion situation of the RAN please refer to the description about the first congestion information in the aforementioned step S201 for details, and details will not be repeated here.
  • the RAN may indicate its own congestion situation through at least one of the sending frequency of the first congestion information and the content contained in the first congestion information.
  • the RAN may indicate its own congestion situation through at least one of the sending frequency of the first congestion information and the content contained in the first congestion information according to local configuration.
  • the RAN may indicate itself through at least one of the sending frequency of the first congestion information and the content contained in the first congestion information according to the first notification method. of congestion.
  • the RAN may use the sending frequency of the first congestion information to indicate its own congestion situation according to the first notification manner.
  • the RAN may indicate its own congestion situation through the content contained in the first congestion information according to the first notification method.
  • the first notification method indicates that the sending frequency of the first congestion information and the content contained in the first congestion information are used to indicate the congestion situation of the RAN
  • the RAN may use the sending frequency of the first congestion information and the The content contained in the first congestion information indicates its own congestion situation.
  • the RAN may send the first congestion information to the UE through a MAC-CE message or high-layer signaling (such as RRC signaling, PDCP signaling or SDAP signaling, etc.).
  • the RAN may send the first congestion information to the UE through a MAC-CE message or high-layer signaling according to local configuration.
  • the RAN may send the first congestion information to the UE through a MAC-CE message or high-level signaling according to the first notification method.
  • the RAN may send the first congestion information to the UE through the MAC-CE message according to the first notification manner.
  • the RAN may send the first congestion information to the UE through high-layer signaling according to the first notification manner.
  • the RAN may determine a logical channel carrying the MAC-CE message, and send the MAC-CE message carrying the first congestion information to the UE through the determined logical channel. For example, the RAN may determine according to the QFI of the target service, the corresponding relationship between the QFI and the data radio bearer (data radio bearer, DRB) identifier, and the corresponding relationship between the DRB identifier and the logical channel identifier (logical channel identify, LCID). Logical channel carrying MAC-CE messages.
  • data radio bearer data radio bearer
  • the correspondence between QFI and DRB identification includes that QFI 1 corresponds to DRB 1, and QFI 2 corresponds to DRB 2; the correspondence between DRB identification and LCID includes that DRB 1 corresponds to LCID 2, and DRB 2 Corresponds to LCID 1.
  • the RAN can determine that the QFI of the target service corresponds to DRB 1 according to the QFI of the target service and the corresponding relationship between QFI and DRB identifier; then according to DRB 1, and the DRB identifier and LCID It can be determined that the DRB 1 corresponds to LCID 2, that is, it is determined that the logical channel carrying the MAC-CE message is LCID 2.
  • step S204a if the sending end of the data flow of the target service is UE, after receiving the first congestion information, the UE can adjust the sending window of the data flow of the target service according to the first congestion information, thereby The transmission delay of the data flow of the target service can be reduced, and the delay stability of the target service can be improved.
  • the UE may forward the first congestion information to the AF network element through a high layer; after receiving the first congestion information, the AF network element may The sending window of the data stream of the target service is adjusted according to the first congestion information, thereby reducing the transmission delay of the data stream of the target service and improving the delay stability of the target service.
  • the RAN indicates the congestion situation of the RAN through the first congestion information, and sends the first congestion information to the UPF network element.
  • the RAN may send the first congestion information to the UPF network element, where the first congestion information indicates the congestion situation of the RAN.
  • the sending frequency of the first congestion information indicates the congestion situation of the RAN, or the content contained in the first congestion information indicates the congestion situation of the RAN, or the sending frequency of the first congestion information and the content contained in the first congestion information indicate the congestion situation of the RAN.
  • the congestion situation please refer to the description about the first congestion information in the aforementioned step S201 for details, which will not be repeated here.
  • the RAN uses at least one of the sending frequency of the first congestion information and the content contained in the first congestion information to indicate its own congestion situation. For a specific implementation manner, reference may be made to the description in the aforementioned step S204a, which will not be repeated here.
  • the RAN may send the first congestion information to the UPF network element through the N3 message.
  • the RAN may send the first congestion information to the UPF network element through the N3 message according to local configuration.
  • the RAN may send the first congestion information to the UPF network element through the N3 message according to the first notification method.
  • the RAN may send the first congestion information to the UPF network element through the N3 message according to the first notification manner.
  • step S204b if the sender of the data flow of the target service is UE, after the UPF network element receives the first congestion information, it can send the first congestion information to the AF network element, and then the AF The network element forwards it to the UE through the upper layer; after receiving the first congestion information, the UE can adjust the sending window of the data flow of the target service according to the first congestion information, thereby reducing the transmission delay of the data flow of the target service and improving the Delay stability of the target business.
  • the sending end of the data flow of the target service is an AF network element
  • the UPF network element after the UPF network element receives the first congestion information, it can send the first congestion information to the AF network element; after the AF network element receives the first congestion information, The sending window of the data stream of the target service can be adjusted according to the first congestion information, thereby reducing the transmission delay of the data stream of the target service and improving the delay stability of the target service.
  • the RAN activates its own congestion acquisition function in response to the first indication information from the SMF network element, that is, acquires its own congestion situation during the data flow transmission process of the target service. Further, the RAN can send the first congestion information indicating its own congestion to the UE or the UPF network element, so as to report its own congestion to the sender of the data flow of the target service, so that the sender can adjust according to the congestion of the RAN
  • the sending window of the data stream of the target service can reduce the transmission delay of the data stream of the target service and improve the delay stability of the target service.
  • the RAN acquires its own congestion situation and reports its own congestion situation, so as to reduce the increase in the transmission delay of the data flow of the target service due to RAN congestion.
  • the data flow of the target service is transmitted from the sending end to the receiving end, not only sending congestion on the RAN side, but also sending congestion on the UPF network element side, affecting the transmission delay of the data flow of the target service.
  • the specific implementation method of the UPF network element to obtain its own congestion situation and report its own congestion situation is introduced.
  • Fig. 3 shows another schematic flowchart of the communication method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the UPF network element obtains the congestion situation of the UPF network element, and sends the second congestion information to the AF network element or the RAN.
  • the SMF network element sends second indication information to the UPF network element; correspondingly, the UPF network element receives the second indication information.
  • the second indication information may indicate to activate (or trigger) the congestion acquisition function of the UPF network element.
  • the congestion acquisition function is used to acquire the congestion situation of the UPF network element during the data flow transmission process of the target service.
  • the second indication information may also indicate to activate the notification function of the UPF network element, and the notification capability is used to send the congestion situation of the UPF network element.
  • the indication to activate the congestion acquisition function of the UPF network element and the notification function to indicate the activation of the UPF network element may be the same indication information or different indication information, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the target service may be a delay-sensitive service or a delay-insensitive service, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the data flow of the target service may come from UE, that is, the sending end of the data flow of the target service is the UE, or from the AF network element, that is, the sending end of the data flow of the target service is the AF network element.
  • the SMF network element may send the second indication information to the UPF network element through the N4 message.
  • the N4 message may be, for example, an N4 session establishment request (N4 session establishment request) message, or an N4 session modification request (N4 session modification request) message, but this embodiment of the application is not limited thereto.
  • the N4 message may also include the QFI of the target service.
  • the SMF network element can determine to activate the congestion acquisition function of the UPF network element for the target service, or determine to activate the congestion acquisition function and the notification function of the UPF network element for the target service according to local configurations (such as the requirements of the target service, etc.).
  • the SMF can determine to activate the congestion acquisition function of the UPF network element for the target service according to the authorized service quality monitoring policy of the target service from the PCF network element, or determine to activate the congestion acquisition function of the UPF network element for the target service and notification function.
  • the SMF network element carries the second indication information in the N4 message, and sends the second indication information to the UPF network element; correspondingly, the UPF network element receives the N4 message, and obtains the second indication information.
  • the second indication information may be represented by a newly added IE or field in the N4 message, or may be represented by a reserved IE or field in the N4 message (that is, represented by a reserved bit in the N4 message), etc.
  • the application embodiments are not limited thereto.
  • the congestion acquisition function can be understood as: acquiring the congestion situation of the UPF network element during the data flow transmission process of the target service, And report the acquired congestion situation.
  • the SMF network element can send the second congestion acquisition method (which can be called the behavior of the UPF network element, such as denoted as action for UPF) to the UPF network element, or send the second notification method (which can be called Report events for the UPF network element, such as denoted as report events), or send the second congestion acquisition method and the second notification method.
  • the UPF network element receives the second congestion acquisition manner, or receives the second notification manner, or receives the second congestion acquisition manner and the second notification manner.
  • the second congestion obtaining manner is used to determine a manner of obtaining the congestion situation of the UPF network element.
  • the second notification method is used to determine one or more of the conditions for reporting the congestion situation of the UPF network element, the manner of reporting the congestion situation of the UPF network element, and the content of the report. It should be understood that the second congestion acquisition method and the second indication information may be carried in the same message or in different messages; similarly, the second notification method and the second indication information may be carried in the same message , may also be carried in different messages; this embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • the second congestion acquisition manner may indicate to acquire the congestion situation of the UPF network element according to the data volume of the data flow to be transmitted in the UPF network element.
  • the congestion situation of the UPF network element can be the current congestion situation of the UPF network element, or the congestion situation of the UPF network element in the future setting time period, or the congestion situation of the UPF network element in the current and future setting time period Condition.
  • the second congestion acquisition manner may indicate to acquire the current congestion situation of the UPF network element according to the length or data proportion of the data flow to be transmitted in the queue (or buffer area).
  • the second congestion acquisition method may indicate to acquire the congestion situation of the UPF network element in the future set time period according to the length of the data flow to be transmitted in the queue (or buffer area) or the growth of the data proportion.
  • the second congestion acquisition method may indicate that according to the length or data proportion of the data stream to be transmitted in the queue (or buffer area), and the length or data proportion of the data stream to be transmitted in the queue (or buffer area) Growth situation, to obtain the current and future congestion situation of the UPF network element within the set time period.
  • the queue may be a queue of the IP layer or the general packet radio service tunneling protocol user plane (general packet radio service tunneling protocol user plane, GTPU) layer in the UPF network element.
  • the UPF network element may determine a manner of obtaining its own congestion situation according to the second congestion obtaining manner. That is, according to the second congestion acquisition manner, the UPF network element may determine and acquire the congestion situation of the UPF network element according to the data volume of the data flow to be transmitted in the UPF network element.
  • the second notification method may indicate one or more of the following:
  • the second threshold can be understood as a trigger condition for the UPF network element to report its own congestion situation. For example, when the data volume of the data flow to be transmitted in the UPF network element is greater than or equal to the second threshold, the UPF network element sends the congestion situation of the UPF network element.
  • the second threshold may be the length threshold corresponding to the queue, or the length threshold corresponding to the buffer area, or the data proportion threshold corresponding to the queue, or the data proportion threshold corresponding to the buffer area, or the length or data proportion corresponding to the queue.
  • the growth threshold of the proportion, or the length corresponding to the cache area or the growth threshold of the data proportion, etc. are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the second threshold may be the same as or different from the first threshold.
  • the second notification mode indicates to send the congestion situation of the UPF network element. It can be understood that the UPF network element can send its own congestion situation after acquiring its own congestion situation. Further, the second notification manner may also indicate to send the congestion situation of the UPF network element to the RAN or the AF network element.
  • the second notification mode indicates that the congestion situation of the UPF network element is indicated through the second congestion information, which can be understood as indicating content reported by the UPF network element.
  • the second notification method indicates that the congestion situation of the UPF network element is indicated by the sending frequency of the second congestion information, or the congestion situation of the UPF network element is indicated by the content contained in the second congestion information, or the congestion situation of the UPF network element is indicated by the sending frequency of the second congestion information
  • the content contained in the second congestion information indicates the congestion situation of the UPF network element.
  • the sending frequency of the second congestion information may indicate the congestion situation of the UPF network element.
  • the second congestion information may be, for example, a fixed IE or field, or one or more bits, or one or more bytes, etc., which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the sending end or the receiving end of the data flow of the target service can determine the congestion situation of the UPF network element by counting the quantity of the second congestion information received per unit time.
  • the sending frequency of the second congestion information reference may be made to the relevant description in Table 1 above, which will not be repeated here.
  • the amount of second congestion information received per unit time may correspond to a preset congestion level, for example, the more second congestion information received per unit time, the higher the corresponding congestion level.
  • the content included in the second congestion information may indicate the congestion situation of the UPF network element.
  • the second congestion information may include but not limited to one or more of the following information:
  • the congestion level of the UPF network element may be a current congestion level, or a predicted congestion level within a set time period in the future, or a congestion level within a current and a set time period in the future.
  • the congestion level may be predefined or preconfigured, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application. In addition, the higher the congestion level, the more severe the congestion.
  • the data volume of the data stream to be transmitted can be one or more of the following: the length of the data stream to be transmitted in the queue, the length of the data stream to be transmitted in the buffer area, the data volume of the data stream to be transmitted in the queue Ratio, the data ratio of the data flow to be transmitted in the buffer area, the length of the data flow to be transmitted in the queue or the growth of the data ratio, and the growth of the length of the data flow or the data ratio in the buffer area wait.
  • the second notification manner indicates a message carrying the second congestion information, which may be understood as a manner of instructing the UPF network element to report the second congestion information.
  • the message carrying the second congestion information may be, for example, an N3 message, or a response message of a data flow of the target service, or an uplink message carrying data of the target service, or a first message, etc.
  • the N3 message may be, for example, a GTPU message, etc., and this embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the response message may be an acknowledgment (acknowledgment, ACK) message or a negative acknowledgment (NACK) message, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the first message is a message constructed except the response message and the uplink message.
  • the first message may be, for example, a data plane notification message or a control plane notification message, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the UPF network element can determine the reporting condition of the second congestion information, the reporting manner of the second congestion information, and the reporting content according to the second notification manner. That is, according to the second notification method, the UPF network element can determine that the congestion situation of the UPF network element is sent to the AF network element or the RAN when the data volume of the data flow to be transmitted is greater than or equal to the second threshold, and it is determined that through the second congestion information Indicating the congestion situation of the UPF network element, or determining at least one item in the message carrying the second congestion information.
  • the second indication information may be represented by a newly added IE or field in the N4 message, or may be represented by a reserved IE or field in the N4 message, that is, the SMF network element indicates that the UPF The network element activates the congestion acquisition function of the UPF network element.
  • the SMF network element may instruct the UPF network element to activate the congestion acquisition function of the UPF network element in an implicit manner.
  • the SMF network element may instruct the UPF network element to activate its own congestion acquisition function through the second congestion acquisition manner, or through the second notification manner, or through the second congestion acquisition manner and the second notification manner.
  • the SMF network element sends the second congestion acquisition method to the UPF network element.
  • the UPF network element After receiving the second congestion acquisition method, the UPF network element activates its own congestion acquisition function, and acquires the information according to the second congestion acquisition method during the data stream transmission of the target service. Obtain its own congestion situation and report its own congestion situation.
  • the SMF network element sends the second notification method to the UPF network element, and after receiving the second notification method, the UPF network element activates its own congestion acquisition function, and obtains its own congestion situation during the data flow transmission process of the target service, and Report the congestion situation of itself according to the second notification manner.
  • the SMF network element sends the second congestion acquisition method and the second notification method to the UPF network element.
  • the UPF network element After receiving the second congestion acquisition method and the second notification method, the UPF network element activates its own congestion acquisition function, and During data stream transmission, obtain its own congestion situation according to the second congestion acquisition method, and report its own congestion situation according to the second notification method.
  • the following description takes the SMF network element sending the second indication information to the UPF network element as an example.
  • the UPF network element receives the second indication information from the SMF network element.
  • the UPF network element may execute the content shown in step S302.
  • the UPF network element activates the congestion acquisition function of the UPF network element according to the second indication information.
  • the UPF network element activates (or triggers) its own congestion acquisition function in response to the second indication information.
  • the second indication information is also used to activate the notification function of the UPF network element
  • the UPF network element activates (or triggers) its own notification function.
  • the congestion acquisition function and the notification function please refer to the relevant content of step S301, which will not be repeated here.
  • the UPF network element activates its own congestion acquisition function, which can obtain the congestion situation of the UPF network element during the data flow transmission process of the target service.
  • the UPF network element activates its own congestion acquisition function, and acquires the congestion situation of the UPF network element during the data flow transmission process of the target service. For example, during the transmission process of the data flow of the target service, the UPF network element can obtain the congestion situation of the UPF network element according to the data volume of the data flow to be transmitted in the UPF network element.
  • the UPF network element receives the second congestion acquisition method from the SMF network element, then during the data flow transmission process of the target service, the UPF network element can obtain the congestion situation of the UPF network element according to the second congestion acquisition method .
  • the second congestion acquisition method indicates that according to the data volume of the data flow to be transmitted in the UPF network element, the congestion situation of the UPF network element is obtained
  • the UPF network element may be based on the data volume of the data flow to be transmitted in the UPF network element, Obtains the congestion status of UPF network elements.
  • the UPF network element acquires its own congestion situation. Further, the UPF network element may send its own congestion situation to the AF network element (that is, send the second congestion information), or send its own congestion situation to the RAN (that is, send the second congestion information). That is, next, the UPF network element may execute the content shown in step S304a, or execute the content shown in step S304b.
  • the UPF network element may send the second congestion information to the AF network element, or send the second congestion information to the RAN according to the use of its own bandwidth resources, the type of the target service, and the like. For example, if the target service is an ultra-clear video service, and the sending end of the data flow of the target service is an AF network element, then the UPF network element may send the second congestion information to the RAN, that is, perform the content shown in step S304b.
  • the UPF network element may send the second congestion information to the AF network element or send the second congestion information to the RAN according to the second notification form.
  • the UPF network element may send the second congestion information to the RAN through the N3 message according to the second notification method, that is, perform the content shown in step S304b.
  • the UPF network element may send the second congestion information to the AF network element through the response message according to the second notification method, That is, the content shown in step S304a is executed.
  • the UPF network element may send the second congestion information to the AF network element through the uplink message according to the second notification method. information, that is, execute the content shown in step S304a.
  • the UPF network element can construct the first message according to the second notification method, and send the second congestion information to the AF network element through the first message , that is, execute the content shown in step S304a.
  • the UPF network element indicates the congestion situation of the UPF network element through the second congestion information, and sends the second congestion information to the AF network element.
  • the UPF network element may send second congestion information to the AF network element, where the second congestion information indicates the congestion situation of the UPF network element.
  • the sending frequency of the second congestion information may indicate the congestion situation of the UPF network element, or the content contained in the second congestion information may indicate the congestion situation of the UPF network element, or the sending frequency of the second congestion information and the content contained in the second congestion information may indicate the congestion situation of the UPF network element.
  • the included content may indicate the congestion situation of the UPF network element.
  • the UPF network element may indicate its own congestion situation by using at least one of the sending frequency of the second congestion information and the content contained in the second congestion information.
  • the UPF network element may indicate its own congestion situation through at least one of the sending frequency of the second congestion information and the content contained in the second congestion information according to local configuration.
  • the UPF network element may pass at least one of the sending frequency of the second congestion information and the content contained in the second congestion information according to the second notification method. Item, indicating its own congestion.
  • the UPF network element may indicate its own congestion situation by the sending frequency of the second congestion information according to the second notification method.
  • the second notification method indicates that the content contained in the second congestion information indicates the congestion situation of the UPF network element
  • the UPF network element can indicate its own congestion through the content contained in the second congestion information according to the second notification method.
  • the second notification method indicates that the transmission frequency of the second congestion information and the content contained in the second congestion information indicate the congestion situation of the UPF network element
  • the UPF network element can pass the second congestion information according to the second notification method.
  • the sending frequency of and the content included in the second congestion information indicate its own congestion situation.
  • the UPF network element may send the second congestion message to the AF network element through the response message of the data flow of the target service, or through the uplink message carrying the data of the target service, or through the first message, etc. information.
  • the UPF network element may send the second congestion information to the AF network element through the response message of the data flow of the target service, or through the uplink message carrying the data of the target service, or through the first message, etc. according to the local configuration.
  • the UPF network element receives the second notification method from the SMF network element, the UPF network element can pass the response message of the data flow of the target service according to the second notification method, or pass the uplink report of the data carrying the target service. text, or send the second congestion information to the AF network element through the first message or the like.
  • the UPF network element may send the second congestion information to the AF network element through the response message according to the second notification method.
  • the UPF network element may send the second congestion information to the AF network element through the uplink message according to the second notification method.
  • the UPF network element can construct the first message according to the second notification method, and send the second congestion information to the AF network element through the first message. information.
  • the UPF network element may send the second congestion information to the AF network element through a response message of the data flow of the target service.
  • the UPF network element receives a response message from the UE for the data flow of the target service, carries the second congestion information in the response message, and sends the response message carrying the second congestion information to the AF network element.
  • the UPF network element may determine a manner of reporting the second congestion information according to one or more of the protocol of the response message, the number of response messages, and the second notification manner.
  • the response message is a response message of an IPv4-based transmission control protocol (transmission control protocol, TCP), and the UPF network element can use special bits in the response message, such as displaying an explicit congestion notification (ECN), etc., Indicates the congestion status (such as the congestion level) of the UPF NE. For another example, if the number of response messages is sufficient, the UPF network element may use the sending frequency of the response message to indicate the congestion situation of the UFP network element.
  • TCP transmission control protocol
  • ECN explicit congestion notification
  • the UPF network element can use the reserved bits in the response message, or add bits in the response message, etc., to indicate the congestion situation of the UPF network element (such as the data volume of the data to be transmitted in the UPF network element, or the congestion level, etc.).
  • the UPF network element uses the response message during the transmission of the data stream of the target service to carry the second congestion information, so that there is no need to construct a new message to carry the second congestion information, which can reduce the consumption of network resources and improve the network efficiency. resource utilization.
  • the UPF network element may send the second congestion information to the AF network element through an uplink packet of data of the target service.
  • the UPF network element receives the uplink message from the UE for the data of the target service, carries the second congestion information in the uplink message, and sends the uplink message carrying the second congestion information to the AF network element.
  • the UPF network element may add second congestion information, such as the amount of data to be transmitted in the UPF network element, or the congestion level, to the uplink packet of the data of the target service.
  • the UPF network element uses the uplink message carrying the data of the target service to carry the second congestion information, so that there is no need to construct a new message to carry the second congestion information, which can reduce the consumption of network resources and improve the utilization of network resources .
  • the UPF network element may send the second congestion information to the AF network element through the NEF network element.
  • the NEF network element may have a co-location relationship with the UPF network element, but this embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the UPF network element may construct (or generate) the first message carrying the second congestion information, and send the first message to the AF network element through the NEF network element.
  • the UPF network element may construct the first message according to the quintuple information of the data flow of the target service and the address of the UPF network element.
  • the source address of the first message is the address of the UPF network element
  • the destination address of the first message is the source address of the data flow of the target service.
  • the source address of the first message is the address of the UPF network element
  • the destination address of the first message is the source address of the data flow of the target service.
  • the second congestion information may include identification information of the UE, identification information of the target service (such as QFI of the target service), and the like.
  • the UPF network element may send the second congestion information to the AF network element through the NEF network element.
  • the UPF network element may also send the second congestion information to the AF network element in a proxy manner.
  • the UPF network element may construct (or generate) the first message carrying the second congestion information, and send the first message to the AF network element.
  • the UPF network element may construct the first message according to the quintuple information of the data flow of the target service, or according to the quintuple information of the data flow of the target service and the address of the AF network element configured by the AF network element.
  • the source address of the first message is the destination address of the data flow of the target service
  • the first The destination address of the message is the source address of the data flow of the target service.
  • the source address of the first message is the destination address of the data flow of the target service
  • the first The destination address of the message is the address of the AF network element configured by the AF network element.
  • the source address of the first message is the source address of the data flow of the target service
  • the destination address of the first message is the data flow of the target service.
  • the destination address of the flow when the data flow of the target service is an uplink data flow and the UE perceives the UPF network element, the source address of the first message is the source address of the data flow of the target service, and the destination address of the first message is configured by the AF network element Address of the AF network element.
  • the UPF network element can construct the first message carrying the second congestion information, and send the first message to the AF through the NEF network element or proxy, the implementation method is flexible, and the congestion situation of the UPF network element can be fed back in time , strong real-time performance.
  • the AF network element configured by the AF network element may be understood as the destination address of the first message pre-configured by the AF network element.
  • the AF network element may pre-configure the destination address of the first message, and when congestion occurs on the network side, the UPF network element may use the destination address to construct the first message, so that the first message can be sent to the AF network element.
  • the AF network element can adjust the data flow of the target service according to the second congestion information after receiving the second congestion information.
  • the sending window can reduce the transmission delay of the data flow of the target service and improve the delay stability of the target service.
  • the sender of the data stream of the target service is the UE, after receiving the second congestion information, the AF network element can forward the second congestion information to the UE through a higher layer; after receiving the second congestion information, the UE can The information adjusts the sending window of the data stream of the target service, so that the transmission delay of the data stream of the target service can be reduced, and the delay stability of the target service can be improved.
  • the UPF network element indicates the congestion situation of the UPF network element through the second congestion information, and sends the second congestion information to the RAN.
  • the UPF network element may send second congestion information to the RAN, where the second congestion information indicates the congestion situation of the UPF network element.
  • the sending frequency of the second congestion information indicates the congestion situation of the UPF network element, or the content contained in the second congestion information indicates the congestion situation of the UPF network element, or the sending frequency of the second congestion information and the content contained in the second congestion information
  • the content indicates the congestion situation of the UPF network element.
  • the UPF network element indicates its own congestion situation through at least one of the sending frequency of the second congestion information and the content contained in the second congestion information. repeat.
  • the UPF network element may send the second congestion information to the RAN through the N3 message.
  • the UPF network element may send the second congestion information to the RAN through the N3 message according to local configuration.
  • the UPF network element may send the second congestion information to the RAN network element through the N3 message according to the second notification method.
  • the UPF network element may send the second congestion information to the RAN network element through the N3 message according to the second notification manner.
  • the RAN may send the second congestion information to the UE after receiving the second congestion information; the UE receives the second congestion information Afterwards, the sending window of the data stream of the target service can be adjusted according to the second congestion information, thereby reducing the transmission delay of the data stream of the target service and improving the delay stability of the target service.
  • the RAN can send the second congestion information to the UE, and then the UE forwards it to the AF network element through the upper layer; the AF network element receives the second congestion information After receiving the second congestion information, the sending window of the data flow of the target service can be adjusted according to the second congestion information, thereby reducing the transmission delay of the data flow of the target service and improving the delay stability of the target service.
  • the UPF network element activates its own congestion acquisition function in response to the second indication information of the SMF network element, that is, acquires its own congestion situation during the data flow transmission process of the target service. Further, the UPF network element can send the second congestion information indicating its own congestion to the AF network element or the RAN, so that the sending end of the data flow of the target service can report its own congestion state, so that the sending end can transmit the congestion information according to the UPF network element According to the congestion situation of the target service, the sending window of the data stream of the target service is adjusted to reduce the transmission delay of the data stream of the target service and improve the delay stability of the target service.
  • the SMF network element sends the first indication information to the RAN, and sends the second indication information to the UPF network element.
  • the specific implementation process of the SMF network element sending the first indication information to the RAN and the UPF network element sending the second indication information is introduced.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic flowchart of a communication method provided by the present application.
  • the method can be applied to the protocol data unit (protocol data unit, PDU) session establishment process of the target service, or to the PDU session modification process of the target service, or to other communication processes, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the SMF network element sends the first indication information to the RAN and sends the second indication information to the UPF network element.
  • optional steps that is, steps that may or may not be executed
  • steps are indicated by dotted lines in FIG. 4 .
  • the SMF network element determines to activate the congestion acquisition function of the RAN and activates the congestion acquisition function of the UPF network element.
  • the SMF network element may determine to activate the congestion acquisition function of the RAN, or determine to activate The congestion acquisition function of the UPF network element, or determine to activate the congestion acquisition function of the RAN and activate the congestion acquisition function of the UPF network element.
  • the congestion obtaining function of the RAN is used to obtain the congestion situation of the RAN during the transmission process of the data flow of the target service.
  • the congestion acquisition function of the UPF network element is used to obtain the congestion situation of the UPF network element during the transmission of the data flow of the target service.
  • the embodiments of the present application are described by taking determining to activate the congestion acquisition function of the RAN and activating the congestion acquisition function of the UPF network element as an example.
  • the SMF network element may also determine to activate the notification function of the RAN or determine to activate the notification function of the UPF network element according to at least one of the local configuration and the authorized service quality monitoring policy of the target service from the PCF network element, Or determine to activate the notification function of the RAN and the notification function of the UPF network element.
  • the notification function of the RAN is used to send the congestion situation of the RAN.
  • the notification function of the UPF network element is used to send the congestion situation of the UPF network element.
  • the SMF network element sends an N4 session establishment/modification request message to the UPF network element; correspondingly, the UPF network element receives the N4 session establishment/modification request message.
  • the SMF network element may send the second indication information to the UPF network element.
  • the second indication information is used to activate the congestion acquisition function of the UPF network element.
  • the second indication information may also be used to activate the notification function of the UPF network element.
  • the SMF network element may send the second indication information to the UPF network element through the N4 session establishment/modification request message, and the N4 session establishment/modification request message includes the second indication information.
  • the SMF network element may also send the second indication information to the UPF network element through other messages except the N4 session establishment/modification request message, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • this embodiment uses the N4 session establishment/modification request message as an example for description.
  • the N4 session establishment/modification request message may include the QFI of the target service.
  • the N4 session establishment/modification request message may further include a second congestion acquisition manner, or include a second notification manner, or include a second congestion acquisition manner and a second notification manner.
  • the second congestion obtaining manner is used to determine a manner of obtaining the congestion situation of the UPF network element.
  • the second notification method is used to determine one or more of the conditions for reporting the congestion situation of the UPF network element, the manner of reporting the congestion situation of the UPF network element, and the content of the report.
  • the specific implementation manners of the second congestion acquisition manner and the second notification manner please refer to the related description in step S301 , which will not be repeated here.
  • the UPF network element activates a congestion acquisition function for the target service according to the second indication information.
  • the UPF network element receives the N4 session establishment/modification request message, and obtains second indication information, and according to the second indication information, the UPF network element can activate the congestion acquisition function for the target service.
  • the second indication information may also indicate to activate the notification function of the UPF network element
  • the UPF network element may also activate its own notification function according to the second indication information.
  • the UPF network element activates the congestion acquisition function for the target service, it can monitor the data flow of the target service, so as to obtain the congestion situation of the UPF network element during the transmission of the data flow of the target service.
  • the UPF network element sends the N4 session establishment/modification response message to the SMF network element; correspondingly, the SMF network element receives the N4 session establishment/modification response message.
  • step S404 is an optional step. That is, the UPF network element may send the N4 session establishment/modification response message to the SMF network element, or may not send the N4 session establishment/modification response message to the SMF network element. For example, after receiving the N4 session establishment request message, the UPF network element may send an N4 session establishment response message to the SMF network element in response to the N4 session establishment request message.
  • S405 The SMF network element sends the service message to the AMF network element; the AMF network element receives the service message.
  • the SMF network element may send the first indication information to the AMF network element.
  • the first indication information is used to activate the congestion acquisition function of the RAN network element.
  • the first indication information may also be used to activate the notification function of the RAN network element.
  • the SMF network element may send the first indication information to the AMF network element through a service message, where the service message includes an N1SM message and an N2SM message, and the N2SM message includes the first indication information.
  • the SMF network element may also send the first indication information to the AMF network element through other messages except the service message, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • this embodiment uses a service message as an example for description.
  • the N2SM message may include the QFI of the target service.
  • the N2SM message may further include the first congestion acquisition manner, or the first notification manner, or the first congestion acquisition manner and the first notification manner.
  • the first congestion acquiring manner is used to determine a manner of acquiring the congestion situation of the RAN.
  • the first notification mode is used to determine the condition for reporting the congestion situation of the RAN, the mode of reporting the congestion situation of the RAN, and one or more items in the report content.
  • the specific implementation manners of the first congestion acquisition manner and the first notification manner please refer to the relevant description in step S201 , which will not be repeated here.
  • the AMF network element sends an N2PDU session request message to the RAN; correspondingly, the RAN receives the N2PDU session request message.
  • the AMF network element sends the first indication information to the RAN.
  • the AMF network element may send the first indication information to the RAN through an N2PDU session request message.
  • the AMF network element receives the service message, obtains the N1SM message and the N2SM message, and sends an N2PDU session request message to the RAN, the N2PDU session request message includes the N1SM message and the N2SM message, and the N2SM message includes the first indication information.
  • the RAN activates a congestion acquisition function for the target service according to the first indication information.
  • the RAN receives the N2PDU session request message and obtains the first indication information, and according to the first indication information, the RAN can activate the congestion acquisition function for the target service.
  • the RAN may also activate its own notification function according to the first indication information.
  • the RAN activates the congestion acquisition function for the target service, it can monitor the data flow of the target service, so as to obtain the congestion situation of the RAN during the transmission process of the data flow of the target service.
  • the UPF network element activates the congestion acquisition function for the target service
  • the RAN activates the congestion acquisition function for the target service.
  • the RAN may also execute the content shown in steps S408 and S409. That is, steps S408 and S409 are optional steps.
  • the RAN sends the N1SM message to the UE; correspondingly, the UE receives the N1SM message.
  • the RAN receives the N2PDU session request message, obtains the N1SM message, and sends the N1SM message to the UE.
  • S409 The RAN sends an N2PDU session response message to the AMF network element; correspondingly, the AMF network element receives the N2PDU session response message.
  • the RAN may send an N2PDU session response message to the AMF network element in response to the N2PDU session request message.
  • the air interface transmission channel is established between the UE and the RAN
  • the N3 uplink tunnel is established between the RAN and the UPF network element
  • the UE can send uplink data packets through the RAN and the UPF network element.
  • the SMF network element may send the first indication information to the RAN according to the requirement of the target service or the service quality monitoring policy of the target service, and send the second indication information to the UPF network element.
  • the RAN activates a congestion acquisition function for the target service, so as to acquire the congestion situation of the RAN during the transmission of the data flow of the target service.
  • the UPF network element activates the congestion acquisition function for the target service, so as to acquire the congestion situation of the UPF network element during the transmission of the data flow of the target service.
  • Figure 4 introduces that the RAN activates the congestion acquisition function for the target service, and the UPF network element activates the congestion acquisition function for the target service.
  • the specific implementation manners of reporting the congestion status of the RAN and the reporting of the congestion status of the UPF network element are introduced.
  • Fig. 5 shows another schematic flowchart of the communication method provided by the present application.
  • the UPF network element sends the second congestion information to the RAN, and the RAN sends the second congestion information to the sender of the data flow of the target service.
  • the sending end of the data stream of the target service may be a UE or an AF network element.
  • S501 The RAN obtains the congestion situation of the RAN.
  • the RAN activates the congestion acquisition function for the target service, and the RAN acquires the congestion situation of the RAN during the data stream transmission process of the target service.
  • the RAN may acquire the congestion situation of the RAN according to local configuration or the first congestion acquisition manner.
  • the RAN can obtain the congestion situation of the RAN according to the data volume of the data flow to be transmitted in the RAN, or according to the usage of the air interface resources in the RAN, or according to the data volume of the data flow to be transmitted in the RAN and the usage of the air interface resources .
  • step S501 please refer to the relevant description in step S203, which will not be repeated here.
  • the UPF network element obtains the congestion situation of the UPF network element.
  • the UPF network element activates the congestion acquisition function for the target service.
  • the UPF network element acquires the congestion situation of the UPF network element.
  • the UPF network element can acquire the congestion situation of the UPF network element according to local configuration or the second congestion acquisition manner.
  • the UPF network element may acquire the congestion situation of the UPF network element according to the data volume of the data flow to be transmitted in the UPF network element.
  • step S502 please refer to the relevant description in step S303, which will not be repeated here.
  • the UPF network element sends the N3 message to the RAN; correspondingly, the RAN receives the N3 message.
  • the UPF network element indicates the congestion situation of the UPF network element through the second congestion information, and sends the second congestion information to the RAN; correspondingly, the RAN receives the second congestion information.
  • the UPF network element sends the second congestion information to the RAN through an N3 message, where the N3 message includes the second congestion information.
  • the UPF network element may also send the second congestion information to the RAN through a message other than the N3 message, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the UPF network element may send the N3 message to the RAN according to local configuration or the second notification manner.
  • step S503 when the data flow of the data to be transmitted in the UPF network element is greater than or equal to the second threshold, the UPF network element sends the N3 message to the RAN.
  • the second notification manner indicates to use the N3 message to report the second congestion information
  • the UPF network element sends the N3 message to the RAN.
  • step S503 please refer to the relevant description in step S304b, which will not be repeated here.
  • the second congestion information indicates the congestion information of the UPF network element.
  • the sending frequency of the second congestion information indicates the congestion situation of the UPF network element, or the content contained in the second congestion information indicates the congestion situation of the UPF network element, or the sending frequency of the second congestion information and the content contained in the second congestion information
  • the content indicates the congestion situation of the UPF network element.
  • the UPF network element indicates its own congestion situation through at least one of the sending frequency of the second congestion information and the content contained in the second congestion information. repeat.
  • the RAN may know the congestion situation of the UPF network element according to the sending frequency of the second congestion information and the content contained in the second congestion information. It should be understood that the RAN may not need to know the congestion situation of the UPF network element.
  • the RAN receives second congestion information.
  • the RAN may send the second congestion information to the UE through step S504a or step S504b.
  • the RAN may send the second congestion information to the UE through a MAC-CE message through local configuration or the first notification method, that is, perform the content shown in step S504a; or send the second congestion information to the UE through high-level signaling, that is, Execute the content shown in step S504b; for the specific implementation, please refer to the relevant description in the aforementioned step S204a, which will not be repeated here.
  • the RAN when the RAN receives the second congestion information and the congestion condition of the RAN itself satisfies the reporting condition (for example, the data volume of the data flow to be transmitted in the RAN is greater than or equal to the first threshold), the RAN sends a message to the UE
  • the second congestion information may send the first congestion information to the UE or the UPF network element.
  • the RAN may send the first congestion information to the UE according to the local configuration or the first notification method, or send the first congestion information to the UPF network element.
  • the RAN sends the first congestion information and the second congestion information to the UE as an example.
  • S504a The RAN sends a MAC-CE message to the UE; correspondingly, the UE receives the MAC-CE message.
  • the RAN may send the first congestion information and the second congestion information to the UE.
  • the RAN sends the first congestion information and the second congestion information to the UE through a MAC-CE message.
  • the first congestion information and the second congestion information may be carried in the same MAC-CE message, or may be carried in different MAC-CE messages, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 it is taken as an example that the first congestion information and the second congestion information are carried in one MAC-CE message.
  • the RAN may send a MAC-CE message carrying the second congestion information to the UE, and then, after the congestion condition of the RAN meets the reporting condition, The RAN then sends a MAC-CE message carrying the first congestion information to the UE.
  • the RAN may send a MAC-CE message carrying the first congestion information to the UE, and then, after the RAN receives the second congestion information , the RAN sends another MAC-CE message carrying the second congestion information to the UE.
  • the RAN may send a MAC-CE message carrying the first congestion information and the second congestion information to the UE; or, the RAN may also send the UE a A MAC-CE message carrying the first congestion information and a MAC-CE message carrying the second congestion information are respectively sent.
  • the RAN may determine the logical channel carrying the MAC-CE message, and send the MAC-CE message to the UE through the determined logical channel.
  • the RAN may determine the logical channel carrying the MAC-CE message, and send the MAC-CE message to the UE through the determined logical channel.
  • the first congestion information indicates the congestion information of the RAN.
  • the sending frequency of the first congestion information may indicate the congestion situation of the RAN, or the content contained in the first congestion information may indicate the congestion situation of the RAN, or the sending frequency of the first congestion information and the content contained in the first congestion information may be
  • the congestion situation of the RAN please refer to the description of the first congestion information in the foregoing step S201 for details, and details are not repeated here.
  • the specific implementation of the RAN indicating its own congestion situation through at least one of the sending frequency of the first congestion information and the content contained in the first congestion information can refer to the description in the aforementioned step S204a, and will not be repeated here.
  • S504b The RAN sends high-layer signaling to the UE; correspondingly, the UE receives the high-layer signaling.
  • the RAN may send the first congestion information and the second congestion information to the UE.
  • the RAN sends the first congestion information and the second congestion information to the UE through high-layer signaling.
  • High-layer signaling such as RRC signaling, PDCP signaling or SDAP signaling, etc.
  • the first congestion information and the second congestion information may be carried in the same high-layer signaling, or may be carried in different high-layer signaling, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 it is taken as an example that the first congestion information and the second congestion information are carried in one high-layer signaling.
  • the RAN may send high-layer signaling carrying the second congestion information to the UE, and then, after the congestion condition of the RAN meets the reporting conditions, the RAN further Send high-layer signaling carrying the first congestion information to the UE.
  • the RAN may send high-layer signaling carrying the first congestion information to the UE, and then, after the RAN receives the second congestion information, the RAN Then send a higher layer signaling message carrying the second congestion information to the UE.
  • the RAN may send high-level signaling carrying the first congestion information and the second congestion information to the UE; or, the RAN may also send the UE a separate High-layer signaling carrying the first congestion information and high-layer signaling carrying the second congestion information.
  • the UE has received the first congestion information and the second congestion information.
  • the data flow of the target service may be an uplink data flow, that is, the sending end of the data flow of the target service is UE; or it may be a downlink data flow, that is, the sending end of the data flow of the target service is an AF network element.
  • the UE executes the content shown in step S505.
  • the UE executes the content shown in step S506.
  • S505 The UE adjusts the sending window of the data flow of the target service according to the first congestion information and the second congestion information.
  • the data flow of the target service is the upstream data flow.
  • the UE can adaptively adjust the sending window of the data stream of the target service according to the first congestion information and the second congestion information, thereby reducing the transmission delay of the data stream of the target service and improving the delay stability of the target service.
  • S506 The UE sends the first congestion information and the second congestion information to the AF network element.
  • the AF network element receives the first congestion information and the second congestion information.
  • the data flow of the target service is the downstream data flow.
  • the UE may forward them to the AF network element.
  • the AF network element adjusts the sending window of the data flow of the target service according to the first congestion information and the second congestion information.
  • the AF network element receives the first congestion information and the second congestion information, and can adaptively adjust the sending window of the data flow of the target service according to the first congestion information and the second congestion information, thereby reducing the transmission of the data flow of the target service Delay, improve the delay stability of the target business.
  • the UPF network element completes the reporting of its own congestion situation through the RAN
  • the RAN completes the reporting of its own congestion situation
  • the sending end of the data flow of the target service adjusts reasonably according to the congestion situation of the UPF network element and the congestion situation of the RAN.
  • the sending window of the data stream of the target service can reduce the transmission delay of the data stream of the target service and improve the delay stability of the target service.
  • FIG. 6 shows another schematic flowchart of the communication method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the RAN sends the first congestion information to the UPF network element, and the UPF network element sends the first congestion information to the sending end of the data flow of the target service.
  • the data flow of the target service may be a downlink data flow or an uplink data flow.
  • the UPF network element creates the first message, and sends the first message to the AF network element or through the NEF network element, and the first message includes the first congestion information and the second congestion information.
  • steps S601, S602, S606, and S608 are respectively the same as steps S502, S501, S507, and S505 in FIG. 5, the difference is that:
  • S603 The RAN sends the N3 message to the UPF network element; correspondingly, the UPF network element receives the N3 message.
  • the RAN indicates the congestion situation of the RAN through the first congestion information, and sends the first congestion information to the UPF network element; correspondingly, the UPF network element receives the first congestion information.
  • the RAN sends the first congestion information to the UPF network element through an N3 message, where the N3 message includes the first congestion information.
  • the RAN may also send the first congestion information to the UPF network element through a message other than the N3 message, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the RAN may send the N3 message to the UPF network element according to local configuration or the first notification manner.
  • the RAN when the data flow of the data to be transmitted in the RAN is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the RAN sends the N3 message to the UPF network element.
  • the first notification mode indicates to use the N3 message to report the first congestion information, the RAN sends the N3 message to the UPF network element.
  • the first congestion information indicates congestion information of the RAN.
  • the sending frequency of the first congestion information indicates the congestion situation of the RAN, or the content contained in the first congestion information indicates the congestion situation of the RAN, or the sending frequency of the first congestion information and the content contained in the first congestion information indicate the congestion situation of the RAN.
  • the congestion situation please refer to the description about the first congestion information in the aforementioned step S201 for details, which will not be repeated here.
  • the specific implementation of the RAN indicating its own congestion situation through at least one of the sending frequency of the first congestion information and the content contained in the first congestion information can refer to the description in the aforementioned step S204a, and will not be repeated here.
  • the UPF network element may know the congestion situation of the RAN network element according to the sending frequency of the first congestion information and the content contained in the first congestion information. It should be understood that the UPF network element may not need to know the congestion situation of the RAN.
  • the UPF network element receives the first congestion information.
  • the UPF network element may create a first message, and send the first congestion information to the AF network element through step S605a or step S605b.
  • the UPF network element can send the first congestion information to the AF network element through the NEF network element through local configuration or the second notification method, that is, perform the content shown in step S605a; or directly send the first congestion information to the AF network element , that is, the content shown in step S605b is executed; for the specific implementation, please refer to the relevant description in the aforementioned step S304a, which will not be repeated here.
  • the UPF network element when the UPF network element receives the first congestion information, and the congestion situation of the UPF network element meets the reporting condition (for example, the data volume of the data flow to be transmitted in the UPF network element is greater than or equal to the second threshold) , the UPF network element sends the first congestion information to the AF network element, and may send the second congestion information to the RAN or the AF network element. Among them, the UPF network element can send the second congestion information to the RAN according to the local configuration or the second notification method, or send the second congestion information to the AF network element. repeat. For ease of description, in this embodiment, it is taken that the UPF network element sends the first congestion information and the second congestion information to the AF network element as an example.
  • the UPF network element may create the first message.
  • the first message includes first congestion information and second congestion information. It should be understood that the first congestion information and the second congestion information may be carried in the same message or in different messages, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application. In FIG. 6 , it is taken as an example that the first congestion information and the second congestion information are carried in one message.
  • the UPF network element receives the first congestion information, but the congestion situation of the UPF network element does not meet the reporting conditions, then the UPF network element can create a first message carrying the first congestion information, and then, the congestion situation of the UPF network element After the reporting condition is met, the UPF network element creates a first message carrying the second congestion information.
  • the UPF network element does not receive the first congestion information, but the congestion situation of the UPF network element meets the reporting condition, then the UPF network element creates a first message carrying the second congestion information, and then, after the UPF network element receives the first congestion information After receiving the congestion information, the UPF network element creates a first message carrying the first congestion information.
  • the UPF network element receives the first congestion information, and the congestion situation of the UPF network element meets the reporting condition, then the UPF network element can create a first message carrying the first congestion information and the second congestion information; or, the UPF network element The element may also respectively create a first message carrying the first congestion information and a first message carrying the second congestion information.
  • the UPF network element can be based on the quintuple information of the data flow of the target service and the address of the UPF network element, or according to the quintuple information of the data flow of the target service, or according to the quintuple information of the data flow of the target service and the AF network
  • the address of the AF network element configured by the element constructs the first message. For example, when the UPF network element reports the first congestion information and the second congestion information to the AF network element through the NEF network element, the UPF network element can construct the second congestion information according to the quintuple information of the data flow of the target service and the address of the UPF network element. a message.
  • the UPF network element when the UPF network element reports the first congestion information and the second congestion information to the AF network element by proxy, and the UE does not perceive the UPF network element, the UPF network element can , constructing the first message.
  • the UPF network element reports the first congestion information and the second congestion information to the AF network element through a proxy, and the UE perceives the UPF network element, the UPF network element can use the quintuple information of the data flow of the target service and The address of the AF network element configured by the AF network element is used to construct the first message.
  • the UPF network element reports the first congestion information and the second congestion information to the AF network element through a proxy, and the UE perceives the UPF network element, the UPF network element can use the quintuple information of the data flow of the target service and The address of the AF network element configured by the AF network element is used to construct the first message.
  • the second congestion information indicates the congestion information of the UPF network element.
  • the sending frequency of the second congestion information indicates the congestion situation of the UPF network element, or the content contained in the second congestion information indicates the congestion situation of the UPF network element, or the sending frequency of the second congestion information and the content contained in the second congestion information
  • the content indicates the congestion situation of the UPF network element.
  • the UPF network element indicates its own congestion situation through at least one of the sending frequency of the second congestion information and the content contained in the second congestion information. repeat.
  • the UPF network element sends the first message to the AF network element through the NEF network element; correspondingly, the AF network element receives the first message.
  • the UPF network element sends the first message to the AF network element through the NEF network element. For example, if the UPF network element and the NEF network element have a co-location relationship, the UPF network element sends the first message to the NEF network element, and after receiving the first message, the NEF network element sends the first message to the AF network element. Correspondingly, The AF network element receives the first message. For another example, the UPF network element sends the first message to the SMF network element, and the SMF network element forwards it to the NEF network element after receiving the first message, and the NEF network element sends the first message to the AF network element, correspondingly, The AF network element receives the first message.
  • the source address of the first message is the address of the UPF network element
  • the destination address of the first message is the source address of the data flow of the target service.
  • the source address of the first message is the address of the UPF network element
  • the destination address of the first message is the source address of the data flow of the target service.
  • the UPF network element sends the first message to the AF network element; correspondingly, the AF network element receives the first message.
  • the UPF network element sends the first message to the AF network element in a proxy manner.
  • the source address of the first message is the destination address of the data flow of the target service
  • the destination address of the first message is the data flow of the target service source address.
  • the source address of the first message is the destination address of the data flow of the target service
  • the destination address of the first message is the AF network element configured by the AF network element the address of.
  • the source address of the first message is the source address of the data flow of the target service
  • the destination address of the first message is the destination of the data flow of the target service address.
  • the source address of the first message is the source address of the data flow of the target service
  • the destination address of the first message is the AF network element configured by the AF network element the address of.
  • the AF network element sends the first congestion information and the second congestion information to the UE; correspondingly, the UE receives the first congestion information and the second congestion information.
  • the data flow of the target service is the upstream data flow.
  • the AF network element may forward them to the UE.
  • the RAN completes the reporting of its own congestion situation through the UPF network element
  • the UPF network element completes the reporting of its own congestion situation
  • the sending end of the data flow of the target service according to the congestion situation of the UPF network element and the congestion situation of the RAN, Reasonably adjust the sending window of the data stream of the target service, thereby reducing the transmission delay of the data stream of the target service and improving the delay stability of the target service.
  • the UPF network element constructs the first message, and sends the first message to the AF network element through the NEF or proxy, the first message carries at least one of the first congestion information and the second congestion information, and can be reported in time
  • the congestion situation of the UPF network element and the congestion situation of the RAN can improve the real-time reporting of the congestion situation.
  • FIG. 7 shows another schematic flowchart of the communication method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the RAN sends the first congestion information to the UPF network element, and the UPF network element sends the first congestion information to the sending end of the data flow of the target service.
  • the data flow of the target service is a downlink data flow.
  • the UPF network element sends the first congestion information and the second congestion information to the AF network element through the reply message of the data flow of the target service.
  • steps S701-S703, S705 correspond to the same as steps S601-S603, S606 in Fig. 6, the difference is:
  • the UPF network element sends a response message of the data flow of the target service to the AF network element.
  • the AF network element receives the reply message of the data flow of the target service.
  • the data flow of the target service is the downlink data flow.
  • the UPF network element may send a response message of the data flow of the target service to the AF network element.
  • the response message of the data flow of the target service includes the first congestion information and the second congestion information.
  • the UPF network element receives a response message from the UE for the data flow of the target service, carries the first congestion information and the second congestion information in the response message, and sends the first congestion information and the second congestion information to the AF network element. Reply message for congestion information.
  • the UPF network element may determine the method of reporting the first congestion information and the second congestion information according to one or more of the protocol of the response message, the number of response messages, and the second notification method. For specific implementation methods, please refer to Refer to the relevant content in the aforementioned step S304a, and details will not be repeated here.
  • first congestion information and the second congestion information may be carried in the same response message, or may be carried in different response messages, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 it is taken as an example that the first congestion information and the second congestion information are carried in one response message.
  • the UPF network element receives the first congestion information and the response message of the data flow of the target service, but the congestion situation of the UPF network element does not meet the reporting conditions, then the UPF network element can carry the first congestion information in the response message, and report to The AF network element sends a response message carrying the first congestion information; after that, after the congestion situation of the UPF network element meets the reporting conditions, the UPF network element can carry the second congestion information in another response message, and send the second congestion information to the AF network element. A response message for the second congestion information.
  • the UPF network element can carry the second congestion information in the response message. information, and send a response message carrying the second congestion information to the AF network element; after that, after the UPF network element receives the first congestion information, the UPF network element can carry the first congestion information in another response message, and send to the AF network element The network element sends a response message carrying the first congestion information.
  • the UPF network element may carry the first congestion information and the second congestion information in the response message.
  • the UPF network element may also carry the first congestion information and the second congestion information in different response messages, and send the response message to the AF network element.
  • the AF network element sends a response message carrying the first congestion information and a response message carrying the second congestion information.
  • the data flow of the target service is the downlink data flow
  • the RAN completes the reporting of its own congestion situation through the UPF network element
  • the UPF network element completes the reporting of its own congestion situation
  • the AF network element according to the congestion situation of the UPF network element
  • reasonably adjust the sending window of the data flow of the target service so as to reduce the transmission delay of the data flow of the target service and improve the delay stability of the target service.
  • the UPF network element reports the first congestion information and the second congestion information to the AF network element through the response message of the data of the target service, thereby realizing the multiplexing of the response message without constructing a new message.
  • FIG. 8 shows another schematic flowchart of the communication method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the RAN sends the first congestion information to the UPF network element, and the UPF network element sends the first congestion information to the sending end of the data flow of the target service.
  • the data flow of the target service is an uplink data flow.
  • the UPF network element sends the first congestion information and the second congestion information to the AF network element through the uplink packet of the data flow of the target service. Send the first message to the AF network element or send the first message through the NEF network element.
  • steps S801-S803 are correspondingly the same as steps S701-S703 in FIG. 7, the difference is that:
  • the UPF network element sends the uplink message of the data flow of the target service to the AF network element; correspondingly, the AF network element receives the uplink message of the data flow of the target service.
  • the data flow of the target service is an uplink data flow.
  • the UPF network element can send the uplink packet of the data flow of the target service to the AF network element.
  • the uplink packet of the data flow of the target service includes the first congestion information and the second congestion information.
  • the UPF network element receives an uplink message from the UE for the data flow of the target service, carries the first congestion information and the second congestion information in the uplink message, and sends the first congestion information and the second congestion information to the AF network element.
  • An uplink packet of the second congestion information For example, the UPF network element may add second congestion information, such as the amount of data to be transmitted in the UPF network element, or the congestion level, to the uplink packet of the data of the target service.
  • first congestion information and the second congestion information may be carried in the same uplink packet, or may be carried in different uplink packets, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 it is taken as an example that the first congestion information and the second congestion information are carried in one uplink message.
  • the UPF network element receives the first congestion information and the upstream message of the data flow of the target service, but the congestion situation of the UPF network element does not meet the reporting conditions, then the UPF network element can carry the first congestion information in the upstream message, And send an uplink message carrying the first congestion information to the AF network element; after that, after the congestion situation of the UPF network element meets the reporting conditions, the UPF network element can carry the second congestion information in another uplink message, and report to the AF The network element sends an uplink message carrying the second congestion information.
  • the UPF network element may carry the first congestion information in the uplink message. Two congestion information, and send an uplink message carrying the second congestion information to the AF network element; after that, after the UPF network element receives the first congestion information, the UPF network element can carry the first congestion information in another uplink message , and send an uplink message carrying the first congestion information to the AF network element.
  • the UPF network element receives the first congestion information and the uplink message of the data flow of the target service, and the congestion condition of the UPF network element meets the reporting condition, then the UPF network element can carry the first congestion information in the uplink message and the second congestion information, and send an uplink message carrying the first congestion information and the second congestion information to the AF network element; or, the UPF network element can also carry the first congestion information and the second congestion information in different uplink messages information, and send an uplink message carrying the first congestion information and an uplink message carrying the second congestion information to the AF network element.
  • the AF network element sends the first congestion information and the second congestion information to the UE.
  • the UE receives the first congestion information and the second congestion information.
  • the data flow of the target service is the upstream data flow.
  • the AF network element may forward them to the UE.
  • S806 The UE adjusts the sending window of the data flow of the target service according to the first congestion information and the second congestion information.
  • the UE can adaptively adjust the sending window of the data stream of the target service according to the first congestion information and the second congestion information, thereby reducing the transmission delay of the data stream of the target service and improving the delay stability of the target service.
  • the data flow of the target service is the uplink data flow
  • the RAN completes the reporting of its own congestion situation through the UPF network element
  • the UPF network element completes the reporting of its own congestion situation
  • the UE reports the congestion situation of the UPF network element and the RAN.
  • Reasonably adjust the sending window of the data flow of the target service thereby reducing the transmission delay of the data flow of the target service and improving the delay stability of the target service.
  • the UPF network element sends the first congestion information and the second congestion information to the AF network element through the data upload message of the target service, so as to realize the multiplexing of the data message of the target service without constructing a new message.
  • the execution steps in the foregoing embodiments are merely examples, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • the SMF network element sends the second indication information to the first UPF network element, and then sends the first indication information to the RAN; or, the SMF network element may first send the first indication information to the RAN, Then send the second indication information to the UPF network element; or, the SMF network element simultaneously sends the first indication information to the RAN and sends the second indication information to the UPF network element.
  • the RAN obtains its own congestion situation before the UPF network element; or, the UPF network element may obtain its own congestion situation before the RAN; or, the RAN and the UPF network element obtain their own congestion situation at the same time .
  • each device may include a corresponding hardware structure and/or software module for performing each function.
  • the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software in combination with the units and algorithm steps of each example described in the embodiments disclosed herein. Whether a certain function is executed by hardware or computer software drives the hardware depends on the specific application and implementation constraints of the technical solution. Skilled artisans may use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be regarded as exceeding the scope of the present application.
  • each functional unit may be divided corresponding to each function, or two or more functions may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above-mentioned integrated units can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.
  • FIG. 9 shows a possible exemplary block diagram of the communication device involved in the embodiment of the present application.
  • a communication device 900 may include: a communication module 901 and a processing module 902 .
  • the processing module 902 is used to control and manage the actions of the communication device 900 .
  • the communication module 901 is used to support communication between the communication device 900 and other devices, such as performing sending and receiving operations under the control of the processing module 902 .
  • the communication module 901 may be one module, or two modules, such as a receiving module and a sending module.
  • the communication module 901 may also be called a communication unit, a transceiver module, a transceiver unit, or an interface circuit, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication device 900 may further include a storage module 903 configured to store program codes and/or data of the communication device 900 .
  • the processing module 902 may support the communication device 900 to execute the actions of the access network element, the user plane function network element or the session management function network element in the method examples above.
  • the processing module 902 mainly executes internal actions of the network element of the access network, the network element of the user plane function or the network element of the session management function in the method example.
  • the communication device 900 may be the network element of the access network in the foregoing embodiments, or may also be a component (such as a chip) of the network element of the access network in the foregoing embodiments.
  • the communication module 901 is configured to receive the first indication information from the session management function network element.
  • a processing module 902 configured to activate a congestion acquisition function of the communication device according to the first indication information, wherein the congestion acquisition function is used to acquire the congestion situation of the communication device during the data flow transmission process of the target service; And, acquire the congestion situation of the communication device.
  • the communication module 901 is further configured to send first congestion information to a user plane functional network element or terminal equipment, and indicate the congestion situation of the communication device through the first congestion information.
  • the communication module 901 is further configured to:
  • the processing module 902 is further configured to obtain the congestion situation of the user plane functional network element according to the second congestion information
  • the communication module 901 is further configured to send the second congestion information to the terminal device.
  • the processing module 902 when learning the congestion situation of the user plane functional network element according to the second congestion information, is specifically configured to:
  • the second congestion information includes at least one of a congestion level of the user plane functional network element, or a data volume of a data flow to be transmitted in the user plane functional network element.
  • the communication module 901 when sending the first congestion information to the terminal device, is specifically configured to:
  • processing module 902 is further configured to:
  • the corresponding relationship between the quality of service flow identifier and the data radio bearer identifier, and the corresponding relationship between the data radio bearer identifier and the logical channel identifier determine the bearer of the medium access control control Logical channel for element messages.
  • the processing module 902 is specifically configured to:
  • the sending frequency of the first congestion information is used to indicate the congestion situation of the communication device
  • the first congestion information includes one or more of the following information: the congestion level of the communication device, the data volume of the data flow to be transmitted in the communication device, the connection between the communication device and the terminal equipment The channel quality indication between the communication device and the terminal device, or the transmission mode of the data stream transmitted by the communication device.
  • processing module 902 is further configured to:
  • the notification function of the communication device is activated according to the first indication information, where the notification function is used to send the congestion situation of the communication device to the user plane function network element or the terminal equipment.
  • the communication module 901 is further configured to:
  • the processing module 902 is further configured to determine according to the data volume of the data flow to be transmitted in the communication device or the use of air interface resources according to the first congestion acquisition manner At least one item of obtaining the congestion situation of the communication device;
  • the processing module 902 is further configured to, according to the first notification method, determine to send the notification to the The user plane functional network element or the terminal equipment sends the congestion situation of the communication device, determines that the congestion situation of the communication device is indicated by the first congestion information, or determines that at least one of the messages carrying the first congestion information one item.
  • the processing module 902 when obtaining the congestion situation of the communication device, is specifically configured to:
  • the congestion status of the communication device is acquired.
  • the communication device 900 may be the functional network element of the user plane in the foregoing embodiments, or may also be a component (such as a chip) of the functional network element of the user plane in the foregoing embodiments.
  • the communication module 901 is configured to receive the second indication information from the session management function network element.
  • a processing module 902 configured to activate a congestion acquisition function of the communication device according to the second indication information, wherein the congestion acquisition function is used to acquire the congestion situation of the communication device during the data flow transmission process of the target service; And, acquiring the congestion situation of the communication device;
  • the communication module 901 is further configured to send second congestion information to an application function network element or an access network element, where the second congestion information is used to indicate the congestion situation of the communication device.
  • the communication module 901 is further configured to:
  • the processing module 902 is further configured to acquire the congestion situation of the network element of the access network according to the first congestion information
  • the communication module 901 is further configured to send the first congestion information to the application function network element.
  • the processing module 902 when obtaining the congestion situation of the network element of the access network according to the first congestion information, is specifically configured to:
  • the first congestion information includes one or more of the following information: the congestion level of the network element of the access network, the data volume of the data flow to be transmitted in the network element of the access network, the The channel quality indication between the network element of the access network and the terminal device, the air interface delay between the network element of the access network and the terminal device, or the transmission time of the data flow by the network element of the access network transfer method.
  • processing module 902 is further configured to:
  • the communication module 901 is configured to send the first message to the application function network element
  • the source address of the first message is the destination address of the data flow
  • the destination address of the first message is the source address of the data flow
  • the source address of the first message is the destination address of the data flow
  • the destination address of the first message is the application function network configured by the application function network element. Yuan's address
  • the source address of the first message is the source address of the data flow
  • the destination address of the first message is the destination address of the data flow
  • the source address of the first message is the source address of the data flow
  • the destination address of the first message is the application function network configured by the application function network element. element address.
  • the communication module 901 when sending the second congestion information to the application function network element, is specifically configured to:
  • the processing module 902 is specifically configured to:
  • the second congestion information includes at least one of a congestion level of the communication device, or a data volume of a data stream to be transmitted in the communication device.
  • processing module 902 is further configured to:
  • the notification function of the communication device is activated according to the second indication information, and the notification function of the communication device is used to send the congestion situation of the communication device to the network element of the application function or the network element of the access network.
  • the communication module 901 is further configured to:
  • the processing module 902 is further configured to determine according to the second congestion acquisition manner according to the data volume of the data flow to be transmitted in the communication device, and acquire the communication the congestion of the installation;
  • the processing module 902 is further configured to, according to the second notification method, determine to send the notification to the The network element of the application function or the network element of the access network sends the congestion situation of the communication device, and determines that the congestion situation of the communication device is indicated by the second congestion information, or determines that in the message carrying the second congestion information at least one of the .
  • the processing module 902 when obtaining the congestion situation of the communication device, is specifically configured to:
  • each unit in the device can be implemented in the form of software called by the processing element; they can also be implemented in the form of hardware; some units can also be implemented in the form of software called by the processing element, and some units can be implemented in the form of hardware.
  • each unit can be a separate processing element, or it can be integrated in a certain chip of the device.
  • it can also be stored in the memory in the form of a program, which is called and executed by a certain processing element of the device. Function.
  • all or part of these units can be integrated together, or implemented independently.
  • the processing element here may also be a processor, which may be an integrated circuit with a signal processing capability.
  • each operation of the above method or each unit above may be realized by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor element, or implemented in the form of software called by the processing element.
  • the units in any of the above devices may be one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the above method, for example: one or more specific integrated circuits (application specific integrated circuit, ASIC), or, one or Multiple microprocessors (digital signal processor, DSP), or, one or more field programmable gate arrays (field programmable gate array, FPGA), or a combination of at least two of these integrated circuit forms.
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • the units in the device can be implemented in the form of a processing element scheduler
  • the processing element can be a processor, such as a general-purpose central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), or other processors that can call programs.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • these units can be integrated together and implemented in the form of a system-on-a-chip (SOC).
  • the above unit for receiving is an interface circuit of the device for receiving signals from other devices.
  • the receiving unit is an interface circuit for the chip to receive signals from other chips or devices.
  • the above sending unit is an interface circuit of the device, and is used to send signals to other devices.
  • the sending unit is an interface circuit used by the chip to send signals to other chips or devices.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application, which is used to implement operations of the access network element, the user plane functional network element, or the session management functional network element in the foregoing embodiments.
  • the communication device 1000 includes: a processor 1010 and an interface 1030 , and optionally, the communication device 1000 further includes a memory 1020 .
  • the interface 1030 is used to communicate with other devices.
  • the method executed by the network element of the access network, the network element of the user plane function or the network element of the session management function may call the memory through the processor 1010 (it may be the network element of the access network, the network element of the user plane function or the session management function
  • the memory 1020 in the network element may also be implemented by a program stored in an external memory).
  • the communication device 1000 for implementing functions of an access network element, a user plane function network element, or a session management function network element may include a processor 1010, and the processor 1010 executes the above method by calling a program in a memory
  • the processor here may be an integrated circuit with signal processing capabilities, such as a CPU, and the device for access network elements, user plane function network elements or session management function network elements may be configured to implement one of the above methods or multiple integrated circuits. For example: one or more ASICs, or one or more microprocessors DSP, or one or more FPGAs, etc., or a combination of at least two of these integrated circuit forms. Alternatively, the above implementation manners may be combined.
  • the processor 1010 is used to implement the functions of the processing module 902
  • the interface 1030 is used to implement the functions of the transceiver module 901 .
  • all or part of them may be implemented by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof.
  • software When implemented using software, it may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on the computer, the processes or functions according to the embodiments of the present application will be generated in whole or in part.
  • the computer can be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device.
  • the computer instructions may be stored in or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, e.g.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer, or a data storage device including a server, a data center, and the like integrated with one or more available media.
  • the available medium may be a magnetic medium (such as a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a magnetic tape), an optical medium (such as a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (such as a solid state disk (solid state disk, SSD)), etc.
  • the various illustrative logic units and circuits described in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented by a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, Discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or an implementation of any combination of the above to implement or operate the described functions.
  • the general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, and optionally, the general-purpose processor may also be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller or state machine.
  • a processor may also be implemented by a combination of computing devices, such as a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a digital signal processor core, or any other similar configuration to accomplish.
  • the steps of the method or algorithm described in the embodiments of the present application may be directly embedded in hardware, a software unit executed by a processor, or a combination of both.
  • the software unit can be stored in random access memory (random access memory, RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM), EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM or notebook In any other form of storage media in the field.
  • the storage medium can be connected to the processor, so that the processor can read information from the storage medium, and can write information to the storage medium.
  • the storage medium can also be integrated into the processor.
  • the processor and storage medium can be provided in an ASIC.
  • the above functions described in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware or any combination of the three. If implemented in software, the functions can be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium.
  • Computer-readable media includes computer storage media and communication media that facilitate transfer of a computer program from one place to another. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special computer.
  • Such computer-readable media may include, but are not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other device that can be used to carry or store instructions or data structures and Other medium of program code in a form readable by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
  • any connection is properly defined as a computer-readable medium, for example, if the software is transmitted from a web site, server, or other remote source via a coaxial cable, fiber optic computer, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) Or transmitted by wireless means such as infrared, wireless and microwave are also included in the definition of computer readable media.
  • DSL digital subscriber line
  • the disk (disk) and disk (disc) include compact disk, laser disk, optical disc, digital versatile disc (digital versatile disc, DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc. Disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs usually use laser Make an optical copy of the data. Combinations of the above can also be contained on a computer readable medium.
  • the functions described in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented by hardware, software, firmware or any combination thereof.
  • the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium.
  • Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another.
  • a storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer.

Abstract

本申请公开一种通信方法及通信装置，包括：接入网网元接收会话管理功能网元的第一指示信息，根据第一指示信息激活接入网网元的拥塞获取功能，该拥塞获取功能用于在目标业务的数据流传输过程中获取自身的拥塞情况；接入网网元获取自身的拥塞情况，向终端设备或用户面功能网元发送第一拥塞信息，第一拥塞信息指示接入网网元的拥塞情况。本申请中，接入网网元向用户面功能网元或终端设备发送指示自身拥塞情况的第一拥塞信息，可以实现向目标业务的数据流的发送端上报自身的拥塞情况，从而发送端可以根据接入网网元的拥塞情况调整目标业务的数据流的发送窗口，减少目标业务的数据流的传输时延。

Description

一种通信方法及通信装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2021年12月31日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为202111672827.3、申请名称为“一种通信方法及通信装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种通信方法及通信装置。
背景技术
时延敏感类应用可以分为两大类：计算卸载型应用和实时同步型应用。计算卸载型应用的基本特征是将终端设备的强计算部分卸载到边缘云，由边缘云获取计算结果，对边缘云回的计算结果有实时性要求，如自动引导车(automated guided vehicle，AGV)、远程遥控驾驶(tele-operated driving)、云游戏(cloud gaming)、云增强现实(cloud augmented reality)、无人机、实时视频会议、增强现实遮蔽(augmented reality occlusion)、以及云虚拟现实(cloud virtual reality)等。实时同步型应用的基本特征是在分布式系统中自行时延约束的数据和信息的同步，对同步的实时性要求高，如多人游戏、以及自动驾驶等。
时延稳定性是时延敏感类应用的重要指标，如何提高时延稳定性以提高用户体验是目前关注的热点。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种通信方法及通信装置，用以减少数据传输过程中的时延。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信方法，该方法可以由接入网网元执行，或者由接入网网元的部件(如芯片或芯片系统)执行。在该方法中，接入网网元接收来自会话管理功能网元的第一指示信息；所述接入网网元根据所述第一指示信息激活所述接入网网元的拥塞获取功能，其中，所述拥塞获取功能用于在目标业务的数据流传输过程中获取所述接入网网元的拥塞情况；所述接入网网元获取所述接入网网元的拥塞情况；所述接入网网元向用户面功能网元或终端设备发送第一拥塞信息，通过所述第一拥塞信息指示所述接入网网元的拥塞情况。
可选的，该目标业务的数据流的发送端可以是终端设备，也可以是应用功能网元。例如，在该发送端是终端设备时，接入网网元向终端设备发送第一拥塞信息，终端设备接收到第一拥塞信息后，可以根据该第一拥塞信息调整该目标业务的数据流的发送窗口；或者，接入网网元向用户面功能网元发送第一拥塞信息，用户面功能网元接收到第一拥塞信息后将其发送给应用功能网元，再由应用功能网元发送给终端设备，进而终端设备可以根据该第一拥塞信息调整该目标业务的数据流的发送窗口。又例如，在该发送端是应用功能网元时，接入网网元向终端设备发送第一拥塞信息，终端设备接收到第一拥塞信息后将其发送给应用功能网元，应用功能网元可以根据该第一拥塞信息调整该目标业务的数据流的发送 窗口；或者，接入网网元向用户面功能网元发送第一拥塞信息，用户面功能网元接收到第一拥塞信息后将其发送给应用功能网元，应用功能网元可以根据该第一拥塞信息调整该目标业务的数据流的发送窗口。
在上述实施例中，接入网网元响应于会话管理功能网元的第一指示信息，激活自身的拥塞获取功能，即，在目标业务的数据流传输过程中获取自身的拥塞情况。进一步，接入网网元可以向用户面功能网元或终端设备发送用于指示自身拥塞情况的第一拥塞信息，实现了向目标业务的数据流的发送端上报自身的拥塞情况，以使得该发送端可以根据接入网网元的拥塞情况调整该目标业务的数据流的发送窗口，从而可以减少该目标业务的数据流的传输时延，提高该目标业务的时延稳定性。
在一种可能的设计中，所述方法还可以包括：所述接入网网元接收来自所述用户面功能网元的第二拥塞信息；所述接入网网元根据所述第二拥塞信息获知所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况；所述接入网网元向所述终端设备发送所述第二拥塞信息。
通过上述设计，接入网网元还可以获取用户面功能网元的第二拥塞信息，并将该第二拥塞信息发送给终端设备，实现了对用户面功能网元的拥塞情况的上报，可以减少该目标业务的数据流的传输时延，提高该目标业务的时延稳定性。
在一种可能的设计中，所述接入网网元根据所述第二拥塞信息获知所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况，可以为：所述接入网网元根据所述第二拥塞信息的接收频率获知所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况；或者，所述第二拥塞信息包括所述用户面功能网元的拥塞等级，或所述用户面功能网元中待传输的数据流的数据量中的至少一项。
通过上述设计，第二拥塞信息可以采用多种方式实现对用户面功能网元的拥塞情况的指示，实现方式灵活。
在一种可能的设计中，所述接入网网元向所述终端设备发送所述第一拥塞信息，可以为：所述接入网网元通过媒体接入控制控制元素消息或高层信令，向所述终端设备发送所述第一拥塞信息。
通过上述设计，接入网网元可以通过媒体接入控制层或高层向终端设备发送该第一拥塞信息，实现方式灵活。
在一种可能的设计中，所述方法还可以包括：所述接入网网元根据所述目标业务的服务质量流标识，服务质量流标识与数据无线承载标识之间的对应关系，以及数据无线承载标识与逻辑信道标识之间的对应关系，确定承载所述媒体接入控制控制元素消息的逻辑信道。
通过上述设计，接入网网元可以使用目标业务对应的逻辑信道来承载包括第一拥塞信息的媒体接入控制控制元素消息。
在一种可能的设计中，所述接入网网元通过所述第一拥塞信息指示所述接入网网元的拥塞情况，可以为：所述接入网网元通过所述第一拥塞信息的发送频率用于指示所述接入网网元的拥塞情况；或者，所述第一拥塞信息包括如下信息中的一项或多项：所述接入网网元的拥塞等级，所述接入网网元中待传输的数据流的数据量，所述接入网网元与所述终端设备之间的信道质量指示，所述接入网网元与所述终端设备之间的空口时延，或者，所述接入网网元传输所述数据流的传输方式。
通过上述方式，第一拥塞信息可以采用多种方式实现对接入网网元的拥塞情况的指示，实现方式灵活。
在一种可能的设计中，该方法还可以包括：所述接入网网元根据所述第一指示信息激活所述接入网网元的通知功能，其中，所述接入网网元的通知功能用于向所述用户面功能网元或所述终端设备发送所述接入网网元的拥塞情况。
通过上述方式，接入网网元可以激活该通知功能，并根据该通知功能发送第一拥塞信息。
在一种可能的设计中，所述方法还可以包括：所述接入网网元接收来自会话管理功能网元的第一拥塞获取方式或第一通知方式中的至少一项；在所述接入网网元接收到所述第一拥塞获取方式时，所述接入网网元根据所述第一拥塞获取方式，确定根据所述接入网网元中待传输的数据流的数据量或空口资源的使用情况中的至少一项获取所述接入网网元的拥塞情况；在所述接入网网元接收到所述第一通知方式时，所述接入网网元根据所述第一通知方式，确定在所述待传输的数据流的数据量大于或等于第一阈值时向所述用户面功能网元或所述终端设备发送所述接入网网元的拥塞情况，确定通过所述第一拥塞信息指示所述接入网网元的拥塞情况，或者确定承载所述第一拥塞信息的消息中的至少一项。
通过上述方式，接入网网元可以根据第一拥塞获取方式确定获取自身拥塞情况的方式，以及根据第一通知方式确定发送第一拥塞信息的方式，实现对自身的拥塞情况的上报。
在一种可能的设计中，所述接入网网元获取所述接入网网元的拥塞情况，可以为：所述接入网网元根据所述接入网网元中待传输的数据流的数据量或空口资源的使用情况中的至少一项，获取所述接入网网元的拥塞情况。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信方法，该方法可以由用户面功能网元执行，或者由用户面功能网元的部件(如芯片或芯片系统)执行。该方法中，用户面功能网元接收来自会话管理功能网元的第二指示信息；所述用户面功能网元根据所述第二指示信息激活所述用户面功能网元的拥塞获取功能，其中，所述拥塞获取功能用于在目标业务的数据流传输过程中获取所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况；所述用户面功能网元获取所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况；所述用户面功能网元向应用功能网元或接入网网元发送第二拥塞信息，通过所述第二拥塞信息指示所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况。
可选的，该目标业务的数据流的发送端可以是终端设备，也可以是应用功能网元。例如，在该发送端是终端设备时，用户面功能网元向接入网网元发送第二拥塞信息，接入网网元接收到第二拥塞信息后将其发送给终端设备，终端设备可以根据该第二拥塞信息调整该目标业务的数据流的发送窗口；或者，用户面功能网元向应用功能网元发送第二拥塞信息，应用功能网元接收到第二拥塞信息后将其发送给终端设备，进而终端设备可以根据该第二拥塞信息调整该目标业务的数据流的发送窗口。又例如，在该发送端是应用功能网元时，用户面功能网元向接入网网元发送第二拥塞信息，接入网网元接收到第二拥塞信息后将其发送给终端设备，再由终端设备发送给应用功能网元，应用功能网元可以根据该第二拥塞信息调整该目标业务的数据流的发送窗口；或者，用户面功能网元向应用功能网元发送第二拥塞信息，应用功能网元接收到第二拥塞信息后可以根据该第一拥塞信息调整该目标业务的数据流的发送窗口。
在上述实施例中，用户面功能网元响应于会话管理功能网元的第二指示信息，激活自身的拥塞获取功能，即，在目标业务的数据流传输过程中获取自身的拥塞情况。进一步，用户面功能网元可以向接入网网元或应用功能网元发送用于指示自身拥塞情况的第二拥塞信息，实现了向目标业务的数据流的发送端上报自身的拥塞情况，以使得该发送端可以 根据用户面功能网元的拥塞情况调整该目标业务的数据流的发送窗口，以减少该目标业务的数据流的传输时延，提高该目标业务的时延稳定性。
在一种可能的设计中，所述方法还可以包括：所述用户面功能网元接收来自所述接入网网元的第一拥塞信息；所述用户面功能网元根据所述第一拥塞信息获知所述接入网网元的拥塞情况；所述用户面功能网元向所述应用功能网元发送所述第一拥塞信息。
通过上述设计，用户面功能网元还可以获取接入网网元的第一拥塞信息，并将该第一拥塞信息发送给应用功能网元，实现了对接入网网元的拥塞情况的上报，可以减少目标业务的数据流的传输时延，提高目标业务的时延稳定性。
在一种可能的设计中，所述用户面功能网元根据所述第一拥塞信息获知所述接入网网元的拥塞情况，可以为：所述用户面功能网元根据所述第一拥塞信息的接收频率获知所述接入网网元的拥塞情况；或者，所述第一拥塞信息包括如下信息中的一项或多项：所述接入网网元的拥塞等级，所述接入网网元中待传输的数据流的数据量，所述接入网网元与所述终端设备之间的信道质量指示，所述接入网网元与所述终端设备之间的空口时延，或者，所述接入网网元传输所述数据流的传输方式。
在一种可能的设计中，所述用户面功能网元向应用功能网元发送所述第二拥塞信息，可以为：所述用户面功能网元通过网络开放功能网元向所述应用功能网元发送所述第二拥塞信息，其中，所述第二拥塞信息包括终端设备的标识信息以及所述目标业务的标识信息。
通过上述设计，用户面功能网元可以创建承载该第二拥塞信息的消息，并通过网络开放功能网元将该消息发送给应用功能网元。
在一种可能的设计中，该方法还可以包括：所述用户面功能网元向应用功能网元发送第二拥塞信息，可以为：所述用户面功能网元生成承载所述第二拥塞信息的第一消息；所述用户面功能网元向所述应用功能网元发送所述第一消息；其中，在所述数据流是下行数据流时，所述第一消息的源地址是所述数据流的目的地址，所述第一消息的目的地址是所述数据流的源地址；或者，在所述数据流是下行数据流时，所述第一消息的源地址是所述数据流的目的地址，所述第一消息的目的地址是所述应用功能网元配置的应用功能网元的地址；或者，在所述数据流是上行数据流时，所述第一消息的源地址是所述数据流的源地址，所述第一消息的目的地址是所述数据流的目的地址；或者，在所述数据流是上行数据流时，所述第一消息的源地址是所述数据流的源地址，所述第一消息的目的地址是所述应用功能网元配置的应用功能网元的地址。
通过上述设计，无论是上行数据流，还是下行数据流，用户面功能网元可以采用多种方式确定承载第二拥塞信息的第一消息的源地址和目标地址，以实现对该第二拥塞信息的上报。
在一种可能的设计中，所述用户面功能网元向应用功能网元发送所述第二拥塞信息，可以为：在所述数据流是下行数据流时，所述用户面功能网元通过所述数据流的应答消息，向所述应用功能网元发送所述第二拥塞信息；
或者，在所述数据流是上行数据流时，所述用户面功能网元通过承载所述目标业务的数据的上行报文，向所述应用功能网元发送所述第二拥塞信息。
通过上述设计，用户面功能网元可以使用应答消息或上行报文携带该第二拥塞信息，如使用额外在协议头中添加或修改元素项等来携带该第二拥塞信息，无需新增报文来携带第二拥塞信息，可以减少网络资源的消耗，提高网络资源利用率。
在一种可能的设计中，所述用户面功能网元通过所述第二拥塞信息指示所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况，可以为：
所述用户面功能网元根据所述第二拥塞信息的发送频率指示所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况；
或者，所述第二拥塞信息包括所述用户面功能网元的拥塞等级，或所述用户面功能网元中待传输的数据流的数据量中的至少一项。
在一种可能的设计中，该方法还可以包括：所述用户面功能网元根据所述第二指示信息激活所述用户面功能网元的通知功能，其中，所述用户面功能网元的通知功能用于向所述应用功能网元或所述接入网网元发送所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况。
在一种可能的设计中，所述方法还可以包括：所述用户面功能网元接收来自会话管理功能网元的第二拥塞获取方式或第二通知方式中的至少一项；在所述用户面功能网元接收到所述第二拥塞获取方式时，所述用户面功能网元根据所述第二拥塞获取方式，确定根据所述用户面功能网元中待传输的数据流的数据量获取所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况；在所述用户面功能网元接收到所述第二通知方式时，所述用户面功能网元根据所述第二通知方式，确定在所述待传输的数据流的数据量大于或等于第二阈值时向所述应用功能网元或所述接入网网元发送所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况，确定通过所述第二拥塞信息指示所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况，或者确定承载所述第二拥塞信息的消息中的至少一项。
通过上述方式，用户面功能网元可以根据第二拥塞获取方式确定获取自身拥塞情况的方式，以及根据第二通知方式确定发送第二拥塞信息的方式，实现对自身的拥塞情况的上报。
在一种可能的设计中，所述用户面功能网元获取所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况，可以为：所述用户面功能网元根据所述用户面功能网元中待传输的数据流的数据量，获取所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信装置，该通信装置可以是接入网网元，具有实现上述第一方面或第一方面的各个可能的设计示例中接入网网元的功能。其中，功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。硬件或软件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的模块。
在一个可能的设计中，通信装置的结构中可以包括通信模块和处理模块，这些模块可以执行上述第一方面或第一方面的各个可能的设计示例中接入网网元的相应功能，具体参见方法示例中的详细描述，此处不做赘述。
在一个可能的设计中，通信装置的结构中可以包括接口电路和一个或多个处理器。可选的，该通信装置还包括存储器。其中，接口电路用于收发数据，以及用于与通信系统中的其他设备进行通信交互。一个或多个处理器被配置为支持通信装置执行上述第一方面或第一方面的各个可能的设计示例中接入网网元的相应功能。存储器与一个或多个处理器耦合，其保存通信装置必要的程序指令和数据。
在一种可能的设计中，通信装置的结构中可以包括存储器和一个或多个处理器。该存储器与该一个或多个处理器耦合；存储器用于存储计算机程序或指令，当所述计算机程序或指令被一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述通信装置执行上述第一方面或第一方面的各个可能的设计示例中接入网网元的相应功能。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信装置，该通信装置可以是用户面功能网元，具 有实现上述第二方面或第二方面的各个可能的设计示例中用户面功能网元的功能。其中，功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。硬件或软件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的模块。
在一个可能的设计中，通信装置的结构中可以包括通信模块和处理模块，这些模块可以执行上述第二方面或第二方面的各个可能的设计示例中用户面功能网元的相应功能，具体参见方法示例中的详细描述，此处不做赘述。
在一个可能的设计中，通信装置的结构中可以包括接口电路和一个或多个处理器。可选的，该通信装置还包括存储器。其中，接口电路用于收发数据，以及用于与通信系统中的其他设备进行通信交互。一个或多个处理器被配置为支持通信装置执行上述第二方面或第二方面的各个可能的设计示例中用户面功能网元的相应功能。存储器与一个或多个处理器耦合，其保存通信装置必要的程序指令和数据。
在一种可能的设计中，通信装置的结构中可以包括存储器和一个或多个处理器。该存储器与该一个或多个处理器耦合；存储器用于存储计算机程序或指令，当所述计算机程序或指令被一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述通信装置执行上述第二方面或第二方面的各个可能的设计示例中用户面功能网元的相应功能。
第五方面，本申请提供一种通信系统，包括第三方面中的通信装置和/或第四方面中的通信装置。
第六方面，本申请提供一种计算机可读存储介质，该存储介质中存储有计算机程序或指令，当计算机程序或指令被执行时，可实现上述第一方面或第一方面的任一项设计中所述的方法。
第七方面，本申请提供一种计算机可读存储介质，该存储介质中存储有计算机程序或指令，当计算机程序或指令被执行时，可实现上述第二方面或第二方面的任一项设计中所述的方法。
第八方面，本申请提供一种计算机程序产品，该计算机程序产品包括：计算机程序(也可以称为代码，或指令)，当该计算机程序被运行时，使得计算机执行上述第一方面或第一方面的任一项设计中所述的方法。
第九方面，本申请提供一种计算机程序产品，该计算机程序产品包括：计算机程序(也可以称为代码，或指令)，当该计算机程序被运行时，使得计算机执行上述第二方面或第二方面的任一项设计中所述的方法。
第十方面，本申请提供一种芯片系统，该芯片系统包括处理器和接口，用于支持通信装置实现上述第一方面或第一方面的任一项设计中所述的方法。
在一种可能的设计中，芯片系统还包括存储器，存储器，用于保存前述通信装置的必要的信息和数据。该芯片系统，可以由芯片构成，也可以包括芯片和其他分立器件。
第十一方面，本申请提供一种芯片系统，该芯片系统包括处理器和接口，用于支持通信装置实现上述第二方面或第二方面的任一项设计中所述的方法。
在一种可能的设计中，芯片系统还包括存储器，存储器，用于保存前述通信装置的必要的信息和数据。该芯片系统，可以由芯片构成，也可以包括芯片和其他分立器件。
第十二方面，本申请还提供了一种通信系统，该通信系统包括用于执行上述第一方面或第一方面的任一项设计中所述方法，以及用于执行上述第二方面或第二方面的任一项设计中所述方法的接入网网元和核心网网元中的一个或多个。
上述第四方面至第十二方面带来的有益效果具体可以参考第一方面至第三方面中有益效果的描述，此处不再赘。
附图说明
图1a为基于服务化架构的第5G网络架构示意图；
图1b为基于点对点接口的5G网络架构一个示意图；
图1c为基于点对点接口的5G网络架构又一个示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种通信方法的流程示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种通信方法的流程示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种通信方法的流程示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的另一种通信方法的流程示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的另一种通信方法的流程示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的另一种通信方法的流程示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的又一种通信方法的流程示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的又一种通信装置的结构示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的又一种通信装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例提供一种通信方法及通信装置，用以向数据发送端上报网络瓶颈节点的拥塞情况，以使得数据发送端可以根据拥塞情况调整发送窗口，减少数据传输过程中的时延，提高时延稳定性。其中，方法和设备是基于同一技术构思的，由于方法及装置解决问题的原理相似，因此设备与方法的实施可以相互参见，重复之处不再赘述。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例涉及的“和/或”，描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。本申请中所涉及的多个，是指两个或两个以上。至少一个，是指一个或多个。
另外，需要理解的是，在本申请的描述中，“第一”、“第二”等词汇，仅用于区分描述的目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性，也不能理解为指示或暗示顺序。
接下来首先介绍本申请实施例适用的应用场景。
图1a是本申请实施例提供的一种网络架构的示意图。如图1a所示，该网络架构中可以包括用户设备、(无线)接入网设备、用户面网元、数据网络、认证服务器、移动性管理网元、会话管理网元、应用网元、统一数据管理网元、策略控制网元、网络功能存储库功能网元、网络开放网元和网络切片选择功能网元等。下面对该网络架构中涉及的各个网元分别进行说明。
1、用户设备(user equipment，UE)：用户设备也可以称为终端、接入终端、用户单元、用户站、移动站、移动台、远方站、远程终端、移动设备、用户终端、无线通信设备、用户代理或用户装置。本申请的实施例中的终端可以是手机(mobile phone)、平板电脑(pad)、带无线收发功能的电脑、虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)终端、增强现实(augmented reality，AR)终端、工业控制(industrial control)中的无线终端、无人驾驶(self driving)中的无 线终端、远程医疗(remote medical)中的无线终端、智能电网(smart grid)中的无线终端、运输安全(transportation safety)中的无线终端、智慧城市(smart city)中的无线终端、智慧家庭(smart home)中的无线终端、蜂窝电话、无绳电话、会话启动协议(session initiation protocol，SIP)电话、无线本地环路(wireless local loop，WLL)站、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)、具有无线通信功能的手持设备、计算设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理设备、车载设备、可穿戴设备，5G网络中的终端或者未来演进网络中的终端等。
其中，可穿戴设备也可以称为穿戴式智能设备，是应用穿戴式技术对日常穿戴进行智能化设计、开发出可以穿戴的设备的总称，如眼镜、手套、手表、服饰及鞋等。可穿戴设备即直接穿在身上，或是整合到用户的衣服或配件的一种便携式设备。可穿戴设备不仅仅是一种硬件设备，更是通过软件支持以及数据交互、云端交互来实现强大的功能。广义穿戴式智能设备包括功能全、尺寸大、可不依赖智能手机实现完整或者部分的功能，例如：智能手表或智能眼镜等，以及只专注于某一类应用功能，需要和其它设备如智能手机配合使用，如各类进行体征监测的智能手环、智能首饰等。
2、(无线)接入网设备(radio access network，(R)AN)：接入网设备也可以称为接入设备、接入网网元等，(R)AN能够管理无线资源，为用户设备提供接入服务，完成用户设备数据在用户设备和核心网之间的转发，(R)AN也可以理解为网络中的基站。
示例性地，本申请实施例中的接入网设备可以是用于与用户设备通信的任意一种具有无线收发功能的通信设备。该接入网设备包括但不限于：演进型节点B(evolved Node B，eNB)、无线网络控制器(radio network controller，RNC)、节点B(Node B，NB)、基站控制器(base station controller，BSC)、基站收发台(base transceiver station，BTS)、家庭基站(home evolved NodeB，HeNB，或home Node B，HNB)、基带单元(baseBand unit，BBU)，无线保真(wireless fidelity，WIFI)系统中的接入点(access point，AP)、无线中继节点、无线回传节点、传输点(transmission point，TP)或者发送接收点(transmission and reception point，TRP)等，还可以为5G，如NR系统中的gNB，或传输点(TRP或TP)，5G系统中的基站的一个或一组(包括多个天线面板)天线面板，或者，还可以为构成gNB或传输点的网络节点，如基带单元(BBU)，或分布式单元(distributed unit，DU)等。
在一些部署中，gNB可以包括集中式单元(centralized unit，CU)和DU。gNB还可以包括有源天线单元(active antenna unit，AAU)。CU实现gNB的部分功能，DU实现gNB的部分功能。比如，CU负责处理非实时协议和服务，实现无线资源控制(radio resource control，RRC)，分组数据汇聚层协议(packet data convergence protocol，PDCP)层的功能。DU负责处理物理层协议和实时服务，实现无线链路控制(radio link control，RLC)层、媒体接入控制(media access control，MAC)层和物理(physical，PHY)层的功能。AAU实现部分物理层处理功能、射频处理及有源天线的相关功能。RRC层的信息由CU生成，最终会经过DU的PHY层封装变成PHY层信息，或者，由PHY层的信息转变而来。因而，在这种架构下，高层信令如RRC层信令，也可以认为是由DU发送的，或者，由DU+AAU发送的。可以理解的是，接入网设备可以为包括CU节点、DU节点、AAU节点中一项或多项的设备。此外，可以将CU划分为接入网(radio access network，RAN)中的接入网设备，也可以将CU划分为核心网(core network，CN)中的接入网设备，本申请对此不做限定。
3、用户面网元：作为和数据网络的接口，完成用户面数据转发、基于会话/流级的计费统计，带宽限制等功能。即分组路由和转发以及用户面数据的服务质量(quality of service，QoS)处理等。
在5G通信系统中，该用户面网元可以是用户面功能(user plane function，UPF)网元。
4、数据网络：提供例如运营商服务、互联网接入或第三方服务，包含服务器，服务器端实现视频源编码、渲染等。在5G通信系统中，该数据网络可以是数据网络(data network，DN)。
5、认证服务器：执行用户的安全认证。在5G通信系统中，该认证服务器可以是认证服务器功能网元(authentication server function，AUSF)。
6、移动性管理网元：主要用于移动性管理和接入管理等。在5G通信系统中，该接入管理网元可以是接入和移动性管理功能(access and mobility management function，AMF)，主要进行移动性管理、接入鉴权/授权等功能。此外，还负责在终端与策略控制功能(policy control function，PCF)网元间传递用户策略。
7、会话管理网元：主要用于会话管理、用户设备的网络互连协议(internet protocol，IP)地址分配和管理、选择可管理用户平面功能、策略控制和收费功能接口的终结点以及下行数据通知等。
在5G通信系统中，该会话管理网元可以是会话管理功能(session management function，SMF)网元，完成终端IP地址分配，UPF网元选择，及计费与QoS策略控制等。
8、应用网元：在5G通信系统中，该应用网元可以是应用功能(application function,AF)网元，表示第三方或运营商的应用功能，是5G网络获取外部应用数据的接口，主要用于传递应用侧对网络侧的需求。
9、统一数据管理网元：负责用户标识、签约数据、鉴权数据的管理、用户的服务网元注册管理。在5G通信系统中，该统一数据管理网元可以是统一数据管理(unified data management，UDM)。
10、策略控制网元：包括用户签约数据管理功能、策略控制功能、计费策略控制功能、服务质量(quality of service，QoS)控制等，用于指导网络行为的统一策略框架，为控制面功能网元(例如AMF网元，SMF网元等)提供策略规则信息等。
在5G通信系统中，该策略控制网元可以是PCF网元。
11、网络功能存储库功能网元：为其他核心网元提供网络功能实体信息的存储功能和选择功能。在5G通信系统中，该网元可以是网络功能存储库功能网元(network function repository function，NRF)。
12、网络开放网元：在5G通信系统中，该网络开放网元可以是网络开放功能(network element function，NEF)网元，主要用于向AF网元暴露第三代合作伙伴计划(3rd generation partnership project，3GPP)网络功能的业务和能力，同时也可以让AF网元向3GPP网络功能提供信息。
13、网络切片选择功能网元：负责为UE选择网络切片，在5G通信系统中，该应用网元可以是网络切片选择功能(network slice selection function，NSSF)网元。
图1a中Nnssf、Nausf、Nnef、Nnrf、Namf、Npcf、Nsmf、Nudm、Naf、N1、N2、N3、N4、以及N6为接口序列号。这些接口序列号的含义可参见3GPP标准协议中定义的含义， 在此不做限制。
如图1b所示，为基于点对点接口的5G网络架构示意图，其中的网元的功能的介绍可以参考图1a中对应的网元的功能的介绍，不再赘述。图1b与图1a的主要区别在于：图1b中的各个网元之间的接口是点对点的接口，而图1a中的各个网元之间的接口是服务化的接口。
图1b中N1、N2、N3、N4、N5、N6、N7、N8、N9、N10、N11、N12、N13、N14以及N22为接口序列号。这些接口序列号的含义可参见3GPP标准协议中定义的含义，在此不做限制。
当5G核心网支持非受信的Non-3GPP接入时，则基于点对点接口的5G网络架构如图1c所示。其中，接入网包括3GPP接入网和非3GPP(Non-3GPP)接入网。3GPP接入网中的接入设备可以称为RAN。非3GPP接入网中的接入设备可以称为非3GPP互通功能(Non-3GPP interworking function，N3IWF)设备。N3IWF设备例如可以包括路由器等。
需要说明的是，当5G核心网支持受信的Non-3GPP接入时，其5G网络架构与图1c类似。可将图1c中的非受信的Non-3GPP接入替换为受信的Non-3GPP接入，以及将N3IWF替换为受信的Non-3GPP接入网关。
图1c中N1、N2、N3、N4、N6、N11、NWu、Y1、以及Y2为接口序列号。这些接口序列号的含义可参见3GPP标准协议中定义的含义，在此不做限制。
可以理解的是，上述功能网元既可以是硬件设备中的网络元件,也可以是在专用硬件上运行的软件功能，或者是平台(例如,云平台)上实例化的虚拟化功能。上述功能网元可划分出一个或多个服务，进一步，还可能会出现独立于网络功能存在的服务。在本申请中，上述功能网元的实例、或上述功能网元中包括的服务的实例、或独立于网络功能存在的服务实例均可称为服务实例。
前面介绍了本申请实施例适应的应用场景，接下来结合附图介绍本申请实施例提供的通信方法。
本申请实施例提供一种通信方法，该方法可应用于图1a，或图1b，或图1c所示的通信场景。本申请实施例中的接入网网元、会话管理功能网元、用户面功能网元、终端设备分别可以是图1a、图1b或图1c中的RAN、SMF、UPF、UE也可以是未来通信如第六代(6th generation，6G)网络中具有上述RAN、SMF、UPF、UE的功能的网元，本申请实施例对此不限定。为方便说明，本申请实施例以接入与移动性管理网元、统一数据管理、用户面网元分别为上述RAN、SMF、UPF、UE为例进行说明。进一步地，本申请中以终端为UE为例进行说明。
图2示出了本申请实施例提供的通信方法的一种流程示意图。在本实施例中，RAN获取RAN的拥塞情况，并向UPF网元或UE发送第一拥塞信息。
S201：SMF网元向RAN发送第一指示信息；相应的，RAN接收第一指示信息。
第一指示信息可指示激活(或触发)RAN的拥塞获取功能。该拥塞获取功能用于在目标业务的数据流传输过程中获取RAN的拥塞情况。可选的，该第一指示信息还可指示激活RAN的通知功能，该通知能力用于发送RAN的拥塞情况。应理解的是，指示激活RAN的拥塞获取功能与指示激活RAN的通知功能可以是同一个指示信息，也可以是不同的指示信息，本申请实施例对此不作限定。另外，该目标业务可以是时延敏感类业务，也可以时延不敏感类型业务，本申请实施例并不限定于此。该目标业务的数据流可以来自于UE， 即目标业务的数据流的发送端为UE，或者来自于AF网元，即目标业务的数据流的发送端为AF网元。
示例性的，SMF网元可以通过服务化消息将第一指示信息发送给AMF网元，再由AMF网元通过N2消息将第一指示信息发送给RAN。该服务化消息例如可以是Namf通信N1N2消息传输(Namf_communication_N1N2message transfer)消息，但本申请实施例并不限定于此。该服务化消息中的N2SM消息可以包括该第一指示信息。可选的，该N2SM消息还可以包括目标业务的QoS流标识(QoS flow ID，QFI)。例如，SMF网元可以根据本地配置(如目标业务的需求等)，确定激活RAN对该目标业务的拥塞获取功能，或者确定激活RAN对该目标业务的拥塞获取功能以及通知功能。又例如，SMF可以根据来自PCF网元的目标业务的授权的服务质量监控策略(authorized QoS monitoring policy)，确定激活RAN对该目标业务的拥塞获取功能，或者确定激活RAN对该目标业务的拥塞获取功能以及通知功能。进一步，SMF网元在服务化消息中携带第一指示信息，并向AMF网元发送该服务化消息；AMF网元接收到该服务化消息后，通过N2消息将服务化消息中的N2SM消息发送给RAN；相应的，RAN接收该N2SM消息，得到第一指示信息。
其中，该第一指示信息可以使用N2SM消息中新增的信息元素(information element，IE)或者字段表示，或者也可以使用N2SM消息中预留的IE或者字段表示(即，使用N2SM消息中的预留比特表示)等，本申请实施例并不限定于此。
需要说明的是，当第一指示信息为指示激活RAN的拥塞获取功能的指示信息时，该拥塞获取功能可以理解为：在目标业务的数据流传输过程中获取RAN的拥塞情况，并上报获取到的拥塞情况。
在一种可能的实现方式中，SMF网元可以向RAN发送第一拥塞获取方式(可称为RAN的行为，如记为action for RAN)，或者发送第一通知方式(可称为RAN上报事件，如记为report events)，或者发送第一拥塞获取方式以及第一通知方式。相应的，RAN接收第一拥塞获取方式，或者接收第一通知方式，或者接收第一拥塞获取方式以及第一通知方式。其中，第一拥塞获取方式用于确定获取RAN的拥塞情况的方式。第一通知方式用于确定上报RAN的拥塞情况的条件，上报RAN的拥塞情况的方式，以及上报内容中的一项或多项。应理解的是，第一拥塞获取方式与第一指示信息可以承载在同一个消息中，也可以承载在不同的消息中；类似的，第一通知方式与第一指示信息可以承载在同一消息中，也可以承载在不同的消息中；本申请实施例对此不作限定。
作为一个示例，第一拥塞获取方式可指示如下中的一项或多项：
1、根据RAN中待传输的数据流的数据量，获取RAN的拥塞情况。
待传输的数据流的数据量可以是如下中的一项或多项：队列中待传输的数据流的长度，缓存区(buffer)中待传输的数据流的长度，队列中待传输的数据流的数据占比，缓存区中待传输的数据流的数据占比，队列中待传输的数据流的长度或数据占比的增长情况，以及缓存区中待传输的数据流的长度或数据占比的增长情况等。该RAN的拥塞情况，可以是RAN当前的拥塞情况，也可以是RAN在未来设定时长内的拥塞情况，还可以是RAN在当前以及未来设定时长内的拥塞情况。例如，第一拥塞获取方式可指示根据队列(或缓存区)中待传输的数据流的长度或数据占比，获取RAN当前的拥塞情况。又例如，第一拥塞获取方式可指示根据队列(或缓存区)中待传输的数据流的长度或数据占比的增长情况，获取RAN在未来设定时长内的拥塞情况。再例如，第一拥塞获取方式可指示根据队列(或 缓存区)中待传输的数据流的长度或数据占比，以及队列(或缓存区)中待传输的数据流的长度或数据占比的增长情况，获取RAN当前以及未来设定时长内的拥塞情况。另外，队列可以是RAN中无线链路层控制(radio link control，RLC)协议层的队列，或者是其他协议层的队列，如分组数据汇聚协议(packet data convergence protocol，PDCP)层的队列，或者是业务数据适配协议(service data adaptation protocol，SDAP)层的队列等。
2、根据RAN的空口资源的使用情况，获取RAN的拥塞情况。
例如，该第一拥塞获取方式可指示根据RAN的空口资源的使用情况，获取RAN当前的拥塞情况，或者获取RAN在未来设定时长内的拥塞情况。该RAN的空口资源的使用情况例如可以是RAN与UE之间的信道质量指示(channel quality indicator，CQI)，但本申请实施例并不限定于此。
通过上述示例，RAN根据该第一拥塞获取方式可以确定获取自身拥塞情况的方式。即，RAN根据该第一拥塞获取方式，可以确定根据RAN中待传输的数据流的数据量和RAN的空口资源的使用情况中的至少一项，获取RAN的拥塞情况。
作为一个示例，第一通知方式可指示如下中的一项或多项：
1、第一阈值。
该第一阈值可以理解为RAN上报自身拥塞情况的触发条件。例如，当RAN中待传输的数据流的数据量大于或等于该第一阈值时，RAN发送RAN的拥塞情况。该第一阈值可以是队列对应的长度阈值，或者是缓存区对应的长度阈值，或者是队列对应的数据占比阈值，或者是缓存区对应的数据占比阈值，或者是队列对应的长度或数据占比的增长阈值，或者是缓存区对应的长度或数据占比的增长阈值等，本申请实施例并不限定于此。
2、发送RAN的拥塞情况。
第一通知方式指示发送RAN的拥塞情况，可以理解为RAN获取到自身的拥塞情况后可以发送自身的拥塞情况。进一步，该第一通知方式还可以指示向UE或UPF网元发送RAN的拥塞情况。
3、通过第一拥塞信息指示RAN的拥塞情况。
第一通知方式指示通过第一拥塞信息指示RAN的拥塞情况，可以理解为指示RAN上报的内容。例如，第一通知方式指示通过第一拥塞信息的发送频率指示RAN的拥塞情况，或者通过第一拥塞信息所包含的内容指示RAN的拥塞情况，或者通过第一拥塞信息的发送频率以及第一拥塞信息所包含的内容指示RAN的拥塞情况。
示例性的，第一拥塞信息的发送频率可指示RAN的拥塞情况。该第一拥塞信息例如可以是固定的IE或字段，或者是一个或多个比特位；或者是一个或多个字节等，本申请实施例并不限定于此。在此情况下，目标业务的数据流的发送端或接收端可以通过统计单位时间内接收到的第一拥塞信息的数量，确定RAN的拥塞情况。
表1以RAN中队列或缓存区中待传输的数据流的长度为例，示出了第一拥塞信息的发送频率的一种示意。如表1所示，当队列或缓存区中待传输的数据流的长度位于范围1时，第一拥塞信息的发送频率为频率1；当队列或缓存区中待传输的数据流的长度位于范围2时，第一拥塞信息的发送频率为频率2；当队列或缓存区中待传输的数据流的长度位于范围3时，第一拥塞信息的发送频率为频率3。可选的，RAN中队列或缓存区中待传输的数据流的长度越大，第一拥塞信息的发送频率可以越高。应理解的是，表1仅为一种示例，并不对第一拥塞信息得到发送频率进行限定。
表1
队列或缓存区中待传输的数据流的长度 第一拥塞信息的发送频率
范围1 频率1
范围2 频率2
范围3 频率3
表2以RAN与UE之间的CQI为例，示出了第一拥塞信息的发送频率的一种示意。如表2所示，当RAN与UE之间的CQI位于范围1时，第一拥塞信息的发送频率为频率1；当RAN与UE之间的CQI位于范围2时，第一拥塞信息的发送频率为频率2；当RAN与UE之间的CQI位于范围3时，第一拥塞信息的发送频率为频率3。可选的，RAN与UE之间的CQI越大，第一拥塞信息的发送频率可以越高。应理解的是，表2仅为一种示例，并不对第一拥塞信息得到发送频率进行限定。
表2
CQI 第一拥塞信息的发送频率
范围1 频率1
范围2 频率2
范围3 频率3
可选的，该单位时间内接收到的第一拥塞信息的数量可以与预设的拥塞等级对应，如单位时间内接收到的第一拥塞信息的数量越多，其对应的拥塞等级越高。
示例性的，该第一拥塞信息所包含的内容可指示RAN的拥塞情况。例如，该第一拥塞信息可以包括但不限定于如下信息中的一项或多项：
1)RAN的拥塞等级。
RAN的拥塞等级可以是当前的拥塞等级，或者是预测的未来设定时长内的拥塞等级，或者是当前以及未来设定时长内的拥塞等级。该拥塞等级可以是预先定义的，或者是预先配置的等，本申请实施例对此不作限定。另外，拥塞等级越高，则拥塞程度越严重。
2)RAN中待传输的数据流的数据量。
待传输的数据流的数据量可以是如下中的一项或多项：队列中待传输的数据流的长度，缓存区(buffer)中待传输的数据流的长度，队列中待传输的数据流的数据占比，缓存区中待传输的数据流的数据占比，队列中待传输的数据流的长度或数据占比的增长情况，以及缓存区中待传输的数据流的长度或数据占比的增长情况等。
3)RAN与UE之间的CQI。
RAN与UE之间的CQI可以是当前RAN与UE之间的CQI，或者是预测的未来设定时长内RAN与UE之间的CQI，或者是当前以及未来设定时长内RAN与UE之间的CQI。
4)RAN与UE之间的空口时延。
RAN与UE之间的空口时延可以是当前的空口时延，或者是预测的未来设定时长内的空口时延，或者是当前以及未来设定时长内的空口时延。该空口时延例如可以是RLC层的重传时延，或者是媒体接入控制(media access control，MAC)层的重传时延，或者是RLC层的重传时延以及MAC层的重传时延等，本申请实施例并不限定于此。
5)RAN传输目标业务的数据流的传输方式。
RAN传输目标业务的数据流的传输方式可以是当前RAN传输目标业务的数据流的传输方式，或者是未来设定时长内RAN传输目标业务的数据流的传输方式，或者是当前以 及未来设定时长内RAN传输目标业务的数据流的传输方式。该传输方式例如可以是空口制式、频段、以及传输技术等中的一项或多项。该传输技术例如可以是载波聚合(carrier aggregation，CA)，或者是多输入多输出模式(multiple-input multiple-output mode，MIMO)。
4、承载第一拥塞信息的消息。
第一通知方式指示承载第一拥塞信息的消息，可以理解为指示RAN上报第一拥塞信息的方式。本实施例中，该承载第一拥塞信息的消息例如可以是N3消息，或者是媒体接入控制控制元素(media access control-control element，MAC-CE)消息，或者是高层信令等，本申请实施例并不限定于此。其中，N3消息例如可以是N3通知(N3notification)消息等，本申请实施例并不限定于此。该高层信令例如可以是无线资源控制(radio resource control，RRC)信令，或者是PDCP信令，或者是SDAP信令等。例如，在第一通知方式指示使用N3消息上报第一拥塞信息时，RAN根据该第一通知方式，可以通过N3消息向UPF网元发送该第一拥塞信息。又例如，在第一通知方式指示使用MAC-CE消息上报第一拥塞信息时，RAN根据该第一通知方式，可以通过MAC-CE消息向UE发送该第一拥塞信息。再例如，在第一通知方式指示使用高层信令上报第一拥塞信息时，RAN根据该第一通知方式，可以通过高层信令向UE发送该第一拥塞信息。
通过上述示例，RAN根据该第一通知方式，可以确定第一拥塞信息的上报条件，第一拥塞信息的上报方式，以及上报内容等。即，RAN根据该第一通知方式，可以确定在待传输的数据流的数据量大于或等于第一阈值时向UPF网元或UE发送RAN的拥塞情况，确定通过第一拥塞信息指示RAN的拥塞情况，或者确定承载第一拥塞信息的消息中的至少一项。
在前述描述中，第一指示信息可以使用N2SM消息中新增的IE或者字段表示，或者使用N2SM消息中预留的IE或字段表示，即，SMF网元采用显式的方式指示RAN激活RAN的拥塞获取功能。在另一种可能的实施方式中，SMF网元可以采用隐式的方式指示RAN激活RAN的拥塞获取功能。例如，SMF网元可以通过第一拥塞获取方式，或者通过第一通知方式，或者通过第一拥塞获取方式和第一通知方式，指示RAN激活自身的拥塞获取功能。例如，SMF网元向RAN发送第一拥塞获取方式，RAN接收到第一拥塞获取方式后，激活自身的拥塞获取功能，并在目标业务的数据流传输过程中按照第一拥塞获取方式获取自身的拥塞情况，以及上报自身的拥塞情况。又例如，SMF网元向RAN发送第一通知方式，RAN接收第一通知方式后，激活自身的拥塞获取功能，并在目标业务的数据流传输过程中获取自身的拥塞情况，以及按照第一通知方式上报自身的拥塞情况。再例如，SMF网元向RAN发送第一拥塞获取方式和第一通知方式，RAN接收第一拥塞获取方式和第一通知方式后，激活自身的拥塞获取功能，并在目标业务的数据流传输过程中按照第一拥塞获取方式获取自身的拥塞情况，以及按照第一通知方式上报自身的拥塞情况。为了便于理解，下文中以SMF网元向RAN发送第一指示信息为例进行描述。
在上述步骤S201中，RAN接收来自SMF网元的第一指示信息。接下来，RAN可以执行步骤S202所示的内容。
S202：RAN根据第一指示信息激活RAN的拥塞获取功能。
RAN响应于第一指示信息，激活(或触发)自身的拥塞获取功能。可选的，在第一指示信息还用于激活RAN的通知功能时，响应于该第一指示信息，RAN激活(或触发)自身的通知功能。其中，有关拥塞获取功能和通知功能的描述请参考步骤S201的相关内容， 在此不再赘述。
S203：RAN获取RAN的拥塞情况。
RAN激活自身的拥塞获取功能，可以在目标业务的数据流传输过程中获取RAN的拥塞情况。
作为一个示例，RAN激活自身的拥塞获取功能，在目标业务的数据流传输过程中获取RAN的拥塞情况。例如，在目标业务的数据流传输过程中，RAN可以根据RAN中待传输的数据流的数据量，或者根据RAN中空口资源的使用情况，或者根据RAN中待传输的数据流的数据量以及空口资源的使用情况，获取RAN的拥塞情况。
在另一个示例中，RAN接收到来自SMF网元的第一拥塞获取方式，则在目标业务的数据流传输过程中，RAN可以根据第一拥塞获取方式获取RAN的拥塞情况。例如，在第一拥塞获取方式指示根据RAN中待传输的数据流的数据量，获取RAN的拥塞情况时，RAN可以根据RAN中待传输的数据流的数据量，获取RAN的拥塞情况。又例如，在第一拥塞获取方式用于根据RAN的空口资源的使用情况，获取RAN的拥塞情况时，RAN可以根据RAN的空口资源的使用情况，获取RAN的拥塞情况。再例如，在第一拥塞获取方式用于根据RAN中待传输的数据流的数据量以及空口资源的使用情况，获取RAN的拥塞情况时，RAN可以根据RAN中待传输的数据流的数据量以及空口资源的使用情况，获取RAN的拥塞情况。
在上述步骤S203中，RAN获取到自身的拥塞情况。进一步，RAN可以向UE发送自身的拥塞情况(即发送第一拥塞信息)，或者向UPF网元发送自身的拥塞情况(即发送第一拥塞信息)。即，接下来，RAN可以执行步骤S204a所示的内容，或者执行步骤S204b所示的内容。
作为一个示例，RAN可以根据自身带宽资源的使用情况，空口资源的使用情况，目标业务的类型等，向UE发送第一拥塞信息，或者向UPF网元发送第一拥塞信息。例如，在空口资源充足时，RAN可以向UE发送第一拥塞信息，即执行步骤S204a所示的内容。又例如，在空口资源紧张时，RAN可以向UPF网元发送第一拥塞信息，即执行步骤S204b所示的内容。
作为另一个示例，RAN接收到来自SMF网元的第一通知方式，则RAN可以根据第一通知方式向UE发送第一拥塞信息，或者向UPF网元发送第一拥塞信息。例如，在第一通知方式指示使用N3消息上报第一拥塞信息时，RAN根据该第一通知方式，可以通过N3消息向UPF网元发送该第一拥塞信息，即执行步骤S204b所示的内容。又例如，在第一通知方式指示使用MAC-CE消息上报第一拥塞信息时，RAN根据该第一通知方式，可以通过MAC-CE消息向UE发送该第一拥塞信息，即执行步骤S204a所示的内容。再例如，在第一通知方式指示使用高层信令上报第一拥塞信息时，RAN根据该第一通知方式，可以通过高层信令向UE发送该第一拥塞信息，即执行步骤S204a所示的内容。
S204a：RAN通过第一拥塞信息指示RAN的拥塞情况，并向UE发送该第一拥塞信息。
RAN可以向UE发送第一拥塞信息，该第一拥塞信息指示RAN的拥塞情况。例如，第一拥塞信息的发送频率指示RAN的拥塞情况，或者第一拥塞信息所包含的内容用于指示RAN的拥塞情况，或者第一拥塞信息的发送频率以及第一拥塞信息所包含的内容指示RAN的拥塞情况，具体请参考前述步骤S201中有关第一拥塞信息的描述，在此不再赘述。
示例性的，RAN可以通过第一拥塞信息的发送频率以及第一拥塞信息所包含的内容中 的至少一项，指示自身的拥塞情况。例如，RAN可以根据本地配置，通过第一拥塞信息的发送频率以及第一拥塞信息所包含的内容中的至少一项，指示自身的拥塞情况。又例如，RAN接收到来自SMF网元的第一通知方式，则RAN可以根据第一通知方式，通过第一拥塞信息的发送频率以及第一拥塞信息所包含的内容中的至少一项，指示自身的拥塞情况。例如，在第一通知方式指示通过第一拥塞信息的发送频率指示RAN的拥塞情况时，RAN根据该第一通知方式可以使用第一拥塞信息的发送频率指示自身的拥塞情况。又例如，在第一通知方式指示使用第一拥塞信息所包含的内容指示RAN的拥塞情况时，RAN根据该第一通知方式可以通过第一拥塞信息所包含的内容指示自身的拥塞情况。再例如，在第一通知方式指示使用第一拥塞信息的发送频率以及第一拥塞信息所包含的内容指示RAN的拥塞情况时，RAN根据该第一通知方式可以通过第一拥塞信息的发送频率以及第一拥塞信息所包含的内容指示自身的拥塞情况。
作为一个示例，RAN可以通过MAC-CE消息或高层信令(如RRC信令，PDCP信令或SDAP信令等)向UE发送第一拥塞信息。例如，RAN可以根据本地配置，通过MAC-CE消息或高层信令向UE发送第一拥塞信息。又例如，若RAN接收到来自SMF网元的第一通知方式，则RAN可以根据第一通知方式，通过MAC-CE消息或高层信令向UE发送第一拥塞信息。例如，在第一通知方式指示使用MAC-CE消息上报第一拥塞信息时，RAN根据该第一通知方式，可以通过MAC-CE消息向UE发送该第一拥塞信息。又例如，在第一通知方式指示使用高层信令上报第一拥塞信息时，RAN根据该第一通知方式，可以通过高层信令向UE发送该第一拥塞信息。
作为另一个示例，RAN可以确定承载MAC-CE消息的逻辑信道，并通过确定出的逻辑信道向UE发送携带第一拥塞信息的MAC-CE消息。例如，RAN可以根据目标业务的QFI，QFI与数据无线承载(data radio bearer，DRB)标识之间的对应关系，以及DRB标识与逻辑信道标识(logical channel identify，LCID)之间的对应关系，确定承载MAC-CE消息的逻辑信道。
举例而言，QFI与DRB标识之间的对应关系中包括QFI 1对应于DRB 1，以及QFI 2对应于DRB 2；DRB标识与LCID之间的对应关系中包括DRB 1对应于LCID 2，DRB 2对应于LCID 1。若目标业务的QFI为QFI 1，则RAN根据该目标业务的QFI，以及QFI与DRB标识之间的对应关系，可以确定目标业务的QFI对应于DRB 1；再根据DRB 1，以及DRB标识与LCID之间的对应关系，可以确定该DRB 1对应于LCID 2，即确定承载MAC-CE消息的逻辑信道为LCID 2。
值得注意的是，在步骤S204a之后，若目标业务的数据流的发送端是UE，则UE接收到第一拥塞信息后，可以根据第一拥塞信息调整该目标业务的数据流的发送窗口，从而可以减少该目标业务的数据流的传输时延，提高该目标业务的时延稳定性。若目标业务的数据流的发送端是AF网元，则UE接收到第一拥塞信息后，可以通过高层将第一拥塞信息转发给AF网元；AF网元接收到第一拥塞信息后，可以根据第一拥塞信息调整该目标业务的数据流的发送窗口，从而可以减少该目标业务的数据流的传输时延，提高该目标业务的时延稳定性。
S204b：RAN通过第一拥塞信息指示RAN的拥塞情况，并向UPF网元发送第一拥塞信息。
RAN可以向UPF网元发送第一拥塞信息，该第一拥塞信息指示RAN的拥塞情况。例 如，第一拥塞信息的发送频率指示RAN的拥塞情况，或者第一拥塞信息所包含的内容指示RAN的拥塞情况，或者第一拥塞信息的发送频率以及第一拥塞信息所包含的内容指示RAN的拥塞情况，具体请参考前述步骤S201中有关第一拥塞信息的描述，在此不再赘述。另外，RAN使用第一拥塞信息的发送频率以及第一拥塞信息所包含的内容中的至少一项，指示自身的拥塞情况的具体实现方式可参考前述步骤S204a中的描述，在此不再赘述。
作为一个示例，RAN可以通过N3消息向UPF网元发送第一拥塞信息。例如，RAN可以根据本地配置，通过N3消息向UPF网元发送第一拥塞信息。又例如，RAN接收到来自SMF网元的第一通知方式，则RAN可以根据第一通知方式，通过N3消息向UPF网元发送第一拥塞信息。例如，在第一通知方式指示使用N3消息上报第一拥塞信息时，RAN根据该第一通知方式，可以通过N3消息向UPF网元发送第一拥塞信息。
值得注意的是，在步骤S204b之后，若目标业务的数据流的发送端是UE，则UPF网元接收到第一拥塞信息后，可以将该第一拥塞信息发送给AF网元，再由AF网元通过高层转发给UE；UE接收到第一拥塞信息后，可以根据第一拥塞信息调整该目标业务的数据流的发送窗口，从而可以减少该目标业务的数据流的传输时延，提高该目标业务的时延稳定性。若目标业务的数据流的发送端是AF网元，则UPF网元接收到第一拥塞信息后，可以将该第一拥塞信息发送给AF网元；AF网元接收到第一拥塞信息后，可以根据第一拥塞信息调整该目标业务的数据流的发送窗口，从而可以减少该目标业务的数据流的传输时延，提高该目标业务的时延稳定性。
在上述实施例中，RAN响应于SMF网元的第一指示信息，激活自身的拥塞获取功能，即，在目标业务的数据流传输过程中获取自身的拥塞情况。进一步，RAN可以向UE或UPF网元发送指示自身拥塞情况的第一拥塞信息，实现了向目标业务的数据流的发送端上报自身的拥塞情况，以使得该发送端可以根据RAN的拥塞情况调整该目标业务的数据流的发送窗口，从而可以减少该目标业务的数据流的传输时延，提高该目标业务的时延稳定性。
在图2所示的流程中，RAN获取自身拥塞情况，以及上报自身的拥塞情况，以减少因RAN拥塞导致目标业务的数据流的传输时延增加的情况。目标业务的数据流从发送端传输到接收端，不仅在RAN侧发送拥塞，还可能会在UPF网元侧发送拥塞，影响目标业务的数据流的传输时延。那么接下来，从UPF网元的角度介绍UPF网元获取自身拥塞情况，以及上报自身拥塞情况的具体实施方式。
图3示出了本申请实施例提供的通信方法的又一种流程示意图。在本实施例中，UPF网元获取UPF网元的拥塞情况，并向AF网元或RAN发送第二拥塞信息。
S301：SMF网元向UPF网元发送第二指示信息；相应的，UPF网元接收第二指示信息。
第二指示信息可指示激活(或触发)UPF网元的拥塞获取功能。该拥塞获取功能用于在目标业务的数据流传输过程中获取UPF网元的拥塞情况。可选的，该第二指示信息还可以指示激活UPF网元的通知功能，该通知能力用于发送UPF网元的拥塞情况。应理解的是，指示激活UPF网元的拥塞获取功能与指示激活UPF网元的通知功能可以是同一个指示信息，也可以是不同的指示信息，本申请实施例对此不作限定。另外，该目标业务可以是时延敏感类业务，也可以时延不敏感类型业务，本申请实施例并不限定于此。该目标业 务的数据流可以来自于UE，即目标业务的数据流的发送端为UE，或者来自于AF网元，即目标业务的数据流的发送端为AF网元。
示例性的，SMF网元可以通过N4消息向UPF网元发送第二指示信息。该N4消息例如可以是N4会话创建请求(N4session establishment request)消息，或者是N4会话修改请求(N4session modification request)消息，但本申请实施例并不限定于此。可选的，该N4消息还可以包括目标业务的QFI。例如，SMF网元可以根据本地配置(如目标业务的需求等)，确定激活UPF网元对该目标业务的拥塞获取功能，或者确定激活UPF网元对该目标业务的拥塞获取功能以及通知功能。又例如，SMF可以根据来自PCF网元的目标业务的授权的服务质量监控策略，确定激活UPF网元对该目标业务的拥塞获取功能，或者确定激活UPF网元对该目标业务的拥塞获取功能以及通知功能。进一步，SMF网元在N4消息中携带第二指示信息，并向UPF网元发送该第二指示信息；相应的，UPF网元接收该N4消息，得到第二指示信息。
其中，该第二指示信息可以使用N4消息中新增的IE或者字段表示，或者也可以使用N4消息中预留的IE或者字段表示(即，使用N4消息中的预留比特表示)等，本申请实施例并不限定于此。
需要说明的是，当第二指示信息为指示激活UPF网元的拥塞获取功能的指示信息时，该拥塞获取功能可以理解为：在目标业务的数据流传输过程中获取UPF网元的拥塞情况，并上报获取到的拥塞情况。
在一种可能的实现方式中，SMF网元可以向UPF网元发送第二拥塞获取方式(可称为UPF网元的行为，如记为action for UPF)，或者发送第二通知方式(可称为UPF网元上报事件，如记为report events)，或者发送第二拥塞获取方式以及第二通知方式。相应的，UPF网元接收第二拥塞获取方式，或者接收第二通知方式，或者接收第二拥塞获取方式以及第二通知方式。其中，第二拥塞获取方式用于确定获取UPF网元的拥塞情况的方式。第二通知方式用于确定上报UPF网元的拥塞情况的条件，上报UPF网元的拥塞情况的方式，以及上报内容中的一项或多项。应理解的是，第二拥塞获取方式与第二指示信息可以承载在同一个消息中，也可以承载在不同的消息中；类似的，第二通知方式与第二指示信息可以承载在同一消息中，也可以承载在不同的消息中；本申请实施例对此不作限定。
作为一个示例，第二拥塞获取方式可指示根据UPF网元中待传输的数据流的数据量，获取UPF网元的拥塞情况。待传输的数据流的数据量的具体描述可以参考步骤S201的相关内容，在此不再赘述。该UPF网元的拥塞情况，可以是UPF网元当前的拥塞情况，也可以是UPF网元在未来设定时长内的拥塞情况，还可以是UPF网元在当前以及未来设定时长内的拥塞情况。例如，第二拥塞获取方式可指示根据队列(或缓存区)中待传输的数据流的长度或数据占比，获取UPF网元当前的拥塞情况。又例如，第二拥塞获取方式可指示根据队列(或缓存区)中待传输的数据流的长度或数据占比的增长情况，获取UPF网元在未来设定时长内的拥塞情况。再例如，第二拥塞获取方式可指示根据队列(或缓存区)中待传输的数据流的长度或数据占比，以及队列(或缓存区)中待传输的数据流的长度或数据占比的增长情况，获取UPF网元当前以及未来设定时长内的拥塞情况。另外，队列可以是UPF网元中IP层或通用分组无线服务隧道协议用户平面(general packet radio service tunneling protocol user plane，GTPU)层等的队列。
通过上述示例，UPF网元根据该第二拥塞获取方式可以确定获取自身拥塞情况的方式。 即，UPF网元根据该第二拥塞获取方式，可以确定根据UPF网元中待传输的数据流的数据量，获取UPF网元的拥塞情况。
作为一个示例，第二通知方式可指示如下中的一项或多项：
1、第二阈值。
该第二阈值可以理解为UPF网元上报自身拥塞情况的触发条件。例如，当UPF网元中待传输的数据流的数据量大于或等于该第二阈值时，UPF网元发送UPF网元的拥塞情况。该第二阈值可以是队列对应的长度阈值，或者是缓存区对应的长度阈值，或者是队列对应的数据占比阈值，或者是缓存区对应的数据占比阈值，或者是队列对应的长度或数据占比的增长阈值，或者是缓存区对应的长度或数据占比的增长阈值等，本申请实施例并不限定于此。另外，第二阈值与第一阈值可以相同，也可以不相同。
2、发送UPF网元的拥塞情况。
第二通知方式指示发送UPF网元的拥塞情况，可以理解为UPF网元获取到自身的拥塞情况后可以发送自身的拥塞情况。进一步，该第二通知方式还可以指示向RAN或AF网元发送UPF网元的拥塞情况。
3、通过第二拥塞信息指示UPF网元的拥塞情况。
第二通知方式指示通过第二拥塞信息指示UPF网元的拥塞情况，可以理解为指示UPF网元上报的内容。例如，第二通知方式指示通过第二拥塞信息的发送频率指示UPF网元的拥塞情况，或者通过第二拥塞信息所包含的内容指示UPF网元的拥塞情况，或者通过第二拥塞信息的发送频率以及第二拥塞信息所包含的内容指示UPF网元的拥塞情况。
示例性的，第二拥塞信息的发送频率可指示UPF网元的拥塞情况。该第二拥塞信息例如可以是固定的IE或字段，或者是一个或多个比特位；或者是一个或多个字节等，本申请实施例并不限定于此。在此情况下，目标业务的数据流的发送端或者接收端可以通过统计单位时间内接收到的第二拥塞信息的数量，确定UPF网元的拥塞情况。另外，第二拥塞信息的发送频率可以参考前述表1的相关描述，在此不再赘述。
可选的，该单位时间内接收到的第二拥塞信息的数量可以与预设的拥塞等级对应，如单位时间内接收到的第二拥塞信息的数量越多，其对应的拥塞等级越高。
示例性的，该第二拥塞信息所包含的内容可指示UPF网元的拥塞情况。例如，该第二拥塞信息可以包括但不限定于如下信息中的一项或多项：
1)UPF网元的拥塞等级。
UPF网元的拥塞等级可以是当前的拥塞等级，或者是预测的未来设定时长内的拥塞等级，或者是当前以及未来设定时长内的拥塞等级。该拥塞等级可以是预先定义的，或者是预先配置的等，本申请实施例对此不作限定。另外，拥塞等级越高，则拥塞程度越严重。
2)UPF网元中待传输的数据流的数据量。
待传输的数据流的数据量可以是如下中的一项或多项：队列中待传输的数据流的长度，缓存区中待传输的数据流的长度，队列中待传输的数据流的数据占比，缓存区中待传输的数据流的数据占比，队列中待传输的数据流的长度或数据占比的增长情况，以及缓存区中待传输的数据流的长度或数据占比的增长情况等。
4、承载第二拥塞信息的消息。
第二通知方式指示承载第二拥塞信息的消息，可以理解为指示UPF网元上报第二拥塞信息的方式。本实施例中，该承载第二拥塞信息的消息例如可以是N3消息，或者是目标 业务的数据流的应答消息，或者是承载目标业务的数据的上行报文，或者是第一消息等，本申请实施例并不限定于此。其中，N3消息例如可以是GTPU消息等，本申请实施例并不限定于此。其中，应答消息可以是确认(acknowledgement，ACK)消息，或者是否定(negative acknowledgment，NACK)消息，本申请实施例对此不作限定。该第一消息是除了应答消息、上行报文之外所构建的消息。该第一消息例如可以是数据面通知报文，或者是控制面通知消息，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
通过上述示例，UPF网元根据该第二通知方式，可以确定第二拥塞信息的上报条件，第二拥塞信息的上报方式，以及上报内容等。即，UPF网元根据该第二通知方式，可以确定在待传输的数据流的数据量大于或等于第二阈值时向AF网元或RAN发送UPF网元的拥塞情况，确定通过第二拥塞信息指示UPF网元的拥塞情况，或者确定承载第二拥塞信息的消息中的至少一项。
在前述描述中，该第二指示信息可以使用N4消息中新增的IE或者字段表示，或者也可以使用N4消息中预留的IE或者字段表示，即，SMF网元采用显式的方式指示UPF网元激活UPF网元的拥塞获取功能。在另一种可能的实施方式中，SMF网元可以采用隐式的方式指示UPF网元激活UPF网元的拥塞获取功能。例如，SMF网元可以通过第二拥塞获取方式，或者通过第二通知方式，或者通过第二拥塞获取方式和第二通知方式，指示UPF网元激活自身的拥塞获取功能。例如，SMF网元向UPF网元发送第二拥塞获取方式，UPF网元接收到第二拥塞获取方式后，激活自身的拥塞获取功能，并在目标业务的数据流传输过程中按照第二拥塞获取方式获取自身的拥塞情况，以及上报自身的拥塞情况。又例如，SMF网元向UPF网元发送第二通知方式，UPF网元接收第二通知方式后，激活自身的拥塞获取功能，并在目标业务的数据流传输过程中获取自身的拥塞情况，以及按照第二通知方式上报自身的拥塞情况。再例如，SMF网元向UPF网元发送第二拥塞获取方式和第二通知方式，UPF网元接收第二拥塞获取方式和第二通知方式后，激活自身的拥塞获取功能，并在目标业务的数据流传输过程中按照第二拥塞获取方式获取自身的拥塞情况，以及按照第二通知方式上报自身的拥塞情况。为了便于理解，下文中以SMF网元向UPF网元发送第二指示信息为例进行描述。
在上述步骤S301中，UPF网元接收来自SMF网元的第二指示信息。接下来，UPF网元可以执行步骤S302所示的内容。
S302：UPF网元根据第二指示信息激活UPF网元的拥塞获取功能。
UPF网元响应于第二指示信息，激活(或触发)自身的拥塞获取功能。可选的，在第二指示信息还用于激活UPF网元的通知功能时，响应于该第二指示信息，UPF网元激活(或触发)自身的通知功能。其中，有关拥塞获取功能和通知功能的描述请参考步骤S301的相关内容，在此不再赘述。
S303：UPF网元获取UPF网元的拥塞情况。
UPF网元激活自身的拥塞获取功能，可以在目标业务的数据流传输过程中获取UPF网元的拥塞情况。
作为一个示例，UPF网元激活自身的拥塞获取功能，在目标业务的数据流传输过程中获取UPF网元的拥塞情况。例如，在目标业务的数据流传输过程中，UPF网元可以根据UPF网元中待传输的数据流的数据量，获取UPF网元的拥塞情况。
在另一个示例中，UPF网元接收到来自SMF网元的第二拥塞获取方式，则在目标业 务的数据流传输过程中，UPF网元可以根据第二拥塞获取方式获取UPF网元的拥塞情况。例如，在第二拥塞获取方式指示根据UPF网元中待传输的数据流的数据量，获取UPF网元的拥塞情况时，UPF网元可以根据UPF网元中待传输的数据流的数据量，获取UPF网元的拥塞情况。
在上述步骤S303中，UPF网元获取到自身的拥塞情况。进一步，UPF网元可以向AF网元发送自身的拥塞情况(即发送第二拥塞信息)，或者向RAN发送自身的拥塞情况(即发送第二拥塞信息)。即，接下来，UPF网元可以执行步骤S304a所示的内容，或者执行步骤S304b所示的内容。
作为一个示例，UPF网元可以根据自身带宽资源的使用情况，目标业务的类型等，向AF网元发送第二拥塞信息，或者向RAN发送第二拥塞信息。例如，目标业务为超清视频业务，目标业务的数据流的发送端为AF网元，则UPF网元可以向RAN发送第二拥塞信息，即执行步骤S304b所示的内容。
作为另一个示例，UPF网元接收到来自SMF网元的第二通知方式，则UPF网元可以根据第二通知方式向AF网元发送第二拥塞信息，或者向RAN发送第二拥塞信息。例如，在第二通知方式指示使用N3消息上报第二拥塞信息时，UPF网元根据该第二通知方式，可以通过N3消息向RAN发送该第二拥塞信息，即执行步骤S304b所示的内容。又例如，在第二通知方式指示使用目标业务的数据流的应答消息上报第二拥塞信息时，UPF网元根据第二通知方式，可以通过该应答消息向AF网元发送该第二拥塞信息，即执行步骤S304a所示的内容。又例如，在第二通知方式指示使用承载目标业务的数据的上行报文上报第二拥塞信息时，UPF网元根据第二通知方式，可以通过该上行报文向AF网元发送该第二拥塞信息，即执行步骤S304a所示的内容。再例如，在第二通知方式指示使用第一消息上报第二拥塞信息时，UPF网元根据第二通知方式，可以构建第一消息，并通过第一消息向AF网元发送该第二拥塞信息，即执行步骤S304a所示的内容。
S304a：UPF网元通过第二拥塞信息指示UPF网元的拥塞情况，并向AF网元发送第二拥塞信息。
UPF网元可以向AF网元发送第二拥塞信息，该第二拥塞信息指示UPF网元的拥塞情况。例如，第二拥塞信息的发送频率可指示UPF网元的拥塞情况，或者第二拥塞信息所包含的内容可指示UPF网元的拥塞情况，或者第二拥塞信息的发送频率以及第二拥塞信息所包含的内容可指示UPF网元的拥塞情况，具体请参考前述步骤S301中有关第二拥塞信息的描述，在此不再赘述。
示例性的，UPF网元可以通过第二拥塞信息的发送频率以及第二拥塞信息所包含的内容中的至少一项，指示自身的拥塞情况。例如，UPF网元可以根据本地配置，通过第二拥塞信息的发送频率以及第二拥塞信息所包含的内容中的至少一项，指示自身的拥塞情况。又例如，UPF网元接收到来自SMF网元的第二通知方式，则UPF网元可以根据第二通知方式，通过第二拥塞信息的发送频率以及第二拥塞信息所包含的内容中的至少一项，指示自身的拥塞情况。例如，在第二通知方式指示通过第二拥塞信息的发送频率指示UPF网元的拥塞情况时，UPF网元根据该第二通知方式可以通过第二拥塞信息的发送频率指示自身的拥塞情况。又例如，在第二通知方式指示通过第二拥塞信息所包含的内容指示UPF网元的拥塞情况时，UPF网元根据该第二通知方式可以通过第二拥塞信息所包含的内容指示自身的拥塞情况。再例如，在第二通知方式指示通过第二拥塞信息的发送频率以及第二拥塞 信息所包含的内容指示UPF网元的拥塞情况时，UPF网元根据该第二通知方式可以通过第二拥塞信息的发送频率以及第二拥塞信息所包含的内容指示自身的拥塞情况。
在一种可能的实现方式中，UPF网元可以通过目标业务的数据流的应答消息，或者通过承载目标业务的数据的上行报文，或者通过第一消息等，向AF网元发送第二拥塞信息。例如，UPF网元可以根据本地配置，通过目标业务的数据流的应答消息，或者通过承载目标业务的数据的上行报文，或者通过第一消息等，向AF网元发送第二拥塞信息。又例如，若UPF网元接收到来自SMF网元的第二通知方式，则UPF网元可以根据第二通知方式，通过目标业务的数据流的应答消息，或者通过承载目标业务的数据的上行报文，或者通过第一消息等，向AF网元发送第二拥塞信息。
例如，在第二通知方式指示使用目标业务的数据流的应答消息上报第二拥塞信息时，UPF网元根据第二通知方式，可以通过该应答消息向AF网元发送该第二拥塞信息。又例如，在第二通知方式指示使用承载目标业务的数据的上行报文上报第二拥塞信息时，UPF网元根据第二通知方式，可以通过该上行报文向AF网元发送该第二拥塞信息。再例如，在第二通知方式指示使用第一消息上报第二拥塞信息时，UPF网元根据第二通知方式，可以构建第一消息，并通过该第一消息向AF网元发送该第二拥塞信息。
作为一个示例，UPF网元可以通过目标业务的数据流的应答消息向AF网元发送第二拥塞信息。例如，UPF网元接收来自UE的针对该目标业务的数据流的应答消息，在该应答消息中携带第二拥塞信息，并向AF网元发送携带第二拥塞信息的应答消息。例如，UPF网元可以根据该应答消息的协议、应答消息的数量、以及第二通知方式等中的一项或多项，确定上报第二拥塞信息的方式。例如，应答消息是基于IPv4的传输控制协议(transmission control protocol，TCP)的应答消息，则UPF网元可以使用应答消息中的特殊的比特位，如显示拥塞通知(explicit congestion notification，ECN)等，指示UPF网元的拥塞情况(如拥塞等级)。又例如，应答消息的数量充足，则UPF网元可以使用应答消息的发送频率指示UFP网元的拥塞情况。再例如，应答消息的报文头是可拓展的协议，则UPF网元可以使用应答消息中的预留比特位，或者在应答消息中新增比特位等，指示UPF网元的拥塞情况(如UPF网元中待传输的数据的数据量、或拥塞等级等)。
在上述示例中，UPF网元利用目标业务的数据流的传输过程中的应答消息携带第二拥塞信息，这样就无需构建新报文来携带第二拥塞信息，可以减少网络资源的消耗，提高网络资源利用率。
作为一个示例，UPF网元可以通过目标业务的数据的上行报文向AF网元发送第二拥塞信息。例如，UPF网元接收来自UE的针对该目标业务的数据的上行报文，在该上行报文中携带第二拥塞信息，并向AF网元发送携带第二拥塞信息的上行报文。例如，UPF网元可以在目标业务的数据的上行报文中添加第二拥塞信息，如UPF网元中待传输的数据的数据量、或拥塞等级等。
在上述示例中，UPF网元利用承载目标业务的数据的上行报文携带第二拥塞信息，这样就无需构建新报文来携带第二拥塞信息，可以减少网络资源的消耗，提高网络资源利用率。
作为另一个示例，UPF网元可以通过NEF网元向AF网元发送第二拥塞信息。该NEF网元可以与UPF网元具有共址关系，但本申请实施例并不限定于此。例如，UPF网元可以构建(或生成)承载第二拥塞信息的第一消息，并通过NEF网元向AF网元发送该第一消 息。例如，UPF网元可以根据目标业务的数据流的五元组信息以及UPF网元的地址，构建第一消息。例如，在目标业务的数据流是下行数据流时，第一消息的源地址是UPF网元的地址，第一消息的目的地址是目标业务的数据流的源地址。又例如，在目标业务的数据流是上行数据流时，第一消息的源地址是UPF网元的地址，第一消息的目的地址是目标业务的数据流的源地址。可选的，该第二拥塞信息可以包括UE的标识信息以及目标业务的标识信息(如目标业务的QFI)等。
UPF网元可以通过NEF网元向AF网元发送第二拥塞信息。在另一种可能的实现方式中，UPF网元还可以采用代理的方式向AF网元发送第二拥塞信息。例如，UPF网元可以构建(或生成)承载第二拥塞信息的第一消息，并向AF网元发送该第一消息。例如，UPF网元可以根据目标业务的数据流的五元组信息，或者根据目标业务的数据流的五元组信息以及AF网元配置的AF网元的地址，构建第一消息。例如，在目标业务的数据流是下行数据流，且UE不感知UPF网元(即，UPF网元为透明代理)时，第一消息的源地址是目标业务的数据流的目的地址，第一消息的目的地址是目标业务的数据流的源地址。例如，在目标业务的数据流是下行数据流，且UE感知UPF网元(即，UPF网元为非透明代理)时，第一消息的源地址是目标业务的数据流的目的地址，第一消息的目的地址是AF网元配置的AF网元的地址。又例如，在目标业务的数据流是上行数据流，且UE不感知UPF网元时，第一消息的源地址是目标业务的数据流的源地址，第一消息的目的地址是目标业务的数据流的目的地址。再例如，在目标业务的数据流是上行数据流，且UE感知UPF网元时，第一消息的源地址是目标业务的数据流的源地址，第一消息的目的地址是AF网元配置的AF网元的地址。
在上述示例中，UPF网元可以构建携带第二拥塞信息的第一消息，并通过NEF网元或代理的方式向AF发送该第一消息，实现方式灵活，能够及时反馈UPF网元的拥塞情况，实时性强。
其中，AF网元配置的AF网元，可以理解为AF网元预先配置的第一消息的目的地址。例如，AF网元可以预先配置第一消息的目的地址，当网络侧发生拥塞时，UPF网元可以使用该目的地址构建第一消息，以使第一消息能够发送给AF网元。
值得注意的是，在步骤S304a之后，若目标业务的数据流的发送端是AF网元，则AF网元接收到第二拥塞信息后，可以根据第二拥塞信息调整该目标业务的数据流的发送窗口，从而可以减少该目标业务的数据流的传输时延，提高该目标业务的时延稳定性。若目标业务的数据流的发送端是UE，则AF网元接收到第二拥塞信息后，可以通过高层将第二拥塞信息转发给UE；UE接收到第二拥塞信息后，可以根据第二拥塞信息调整该目标业务的数据流的发送窗口，从而可以减少该目标业务的数据流的传输时延，提高该目标业务的时延稳定性。
S304b：UPF网元通过第二拥塞信息指示UPF网元的拥塞情况，并向RAN发送第二拥塞信息。
UPF网元可以向RAN发送第二拥塞信息，该第二拥塞信息指示UPF网元的拥塞情况。例如，第二拥塞信息的发送频率指示UPF网元的拥塞情况，或者第二拥塞信息所包含的内容指示UPF网元的拥塞情况，或者第二拥塞信息的发送频率以及第二拥塞信息所包含的内容指示UPF网元的拥塞情况，具体请参考前述步骤S301中有关第二拥塞信息的描述，在此不再赘述。另外，UPF网元通过第二拥塞信息的发送频率以及第二拥塞信息所包含的内 容中的至少一项，指示自身的拥塞情况的具体实现方式可参考前述步骤S304a中的描述，在此不再赘述。
作为一个示例，UPF网元可以通过N3消息向RAN发送第二拥塞信息。例如，UPF网元可以根据本地配置，通过N3消息向RAN发送第二拥塞信息。又例如，UPF网元接收到来自SMF网元的第二通知方式，则UPF网元可以根据第二通知方式，通过N3消息向RAN网元发送第二拥塞信息。例如，在第二通知方式指示使用N3消息上报第二拥塞信息时，UPF网元根据该第二通知方式，可以通过N3消息向RAN网元发送第二拥塞信息。
值得注意的是，在步骤S304b之后，若目标业务的数据流的发送端是UE，则RAN接收到第二拥塞信息后，可以将该第二拥塞信息发送给UE；UE接收到第二拥塞信息后，可以根据第二拥塞信息调整该目标业务的数据流的发送窗口，从而可以减少该目标业务的数据流的传输时延，提高该目标业务的时延稳定性。若目标业务的数据流的发送端是AF网元，则RAN接收到第二拥塞信息后，可以将该第二拥塞信息发送给UE，再由UE通过高层转发给AF网元；AF网元接收到第二人拥塞信息后，可以根据第二拥塞信息调整该目标业务的数据流的发送窗口，从而可以减少该目标业务的数据流的传输时延，提高该目标业务的时延稳定性。
在上述实施例中，UPF网元响应于SMF网元的第二指示信息，激活自身的拥塞获取功能，即，在目标业务的数据流传输过程中获取自身的拥塞情况。进一步，UPF网元可以向AF网元或RAN发送指示自身拥塞情况的第二拥塞信息，实现了向目标业务的数据流的发送端上报自身的拥塞情况，以使得该发送端可以根据UPF网元的拥塞情况调整该目标业务的数据流的发送窗口，以减少该目标业务的数据流的传输时延，提高该目标业务的时延稳定性。
在上述步骤S201以及步骤S301中，SMF网元向RAN发送第一指示信息，向UPF网元发送第二指示信息。接下来结合图4介绍SMF网元向RAN发送第一指示信息以及向UPF网元发送第二指示信息的具体实现过程。
图4示出了本申请提供的通信方法的一种流程示意图。该方法可以应用于目标业务的协议数据单元(protocol data unit，PDU)会话建立流程，或者应用于目标业务的PDU会话修改流程，或者应用于其它通信流程，本申请实施例对此并不限定。在本实施例中，SMF网元向RAN发送第一指示信息以及向UPF网元发送第二指示信息。另外，图4中用虚线表示可选步骤(即可以执行，也可以不执行的步骤)。
S401：SMF网元确定激活RAN的拥塞获取功能以及激活UPF网元的拥塞获取功能。
示例性的，SMF网元可以根据本地配置(如目标业务的需求)以及来自PCF网元的目标业务的授权的服务质量监控策略中的至少一项，确定激活RAN的拥塞获取功能，或者确定激活UPF网元的拥塞获取功能，或者确定激活RAN的拥塞获取功能以及激活UPF网元的拥塞获取功能。其中，RAN的拥塞获取功能用于在目标业务的数据流的传输过程中获取RAN的拥塞情况。UPF网元的拥塞获取功能用于在目标业务的数据流的传输过程中获取UPF网元的拥塞情况。为了便于理解，本申请实施例以确定激活RAN的拥塞获取功能以及激活UPF网元的拥塞获取功能为例进行描述。
示例性的，SMF网元还可以根据本地配置以及来自PCF网元的目标业务的授权的服务质量监控策略中的至少一项，确定激活RAN的通知功能，或者确定激活UPF网元的通 知功能，或者确定激活RAN的通知功能以及激活UPF网元的通知功能。RAN的通知功能用于发送RAN的拥塞情况。UPF网元的通知功能用于发送UPF网元的拥塞情况。
S402：SMF网元向UPF网元发送N4会话建立/修改请求消息；相应的，UPF网元接收N4会话建立/修改请求消息。
SMF网元可以向UPF网元发送第二指示信息。第二指示信息用于激活UPF网元的拥塞获取功能。可选的，该第二指示信息还可以用于激活UPF网元的通知功能。例如，SMF网元可以通过N4会话建立/修改请求消息向UPF网元发送第二指示信息，该N4会话建立/修改请求消息中包括第二指示信息。当然，SMF网元还可以通过其它除了N4会话建立/修改请求消息之外的消息向UPF网元发送第二指示信息，本申请实施例对此不作限定。为了便于理解，本实施例以N4会话建立/修改请求消息为例进行描述。另外，N4会话建立/修改请求消息中可以包括目标业务的QFI。
在一种可能的实施方式中，该N4会话建立/修改请求消息中还可以包括第二拥塞获取方式，或者包括第二通知方式，或者包括第二拥塞获取方式以及第二通知方式。其中，第二拥塞获取方式用于确定获取UPF网元的拥塞情况的方式。第二通知方式用于确定上报UPF网元的拥塞情况的条件，上报UPF网元的拥塞情况的方式，以及上报内容中的一项或多项。其中，有关第二拥塞获取方式以及第二通知方式的具体实施方式请参考步骤S301中的相关描述，在此不再赘述。
S403：UPF网元根据第二指示信息，激活针对目标业务的拥塞获取功能。
UPF网元接收到N4会话建立/修改请求消息，得到第二指示信息，根据该第二指示信息，UPF网元可以激活针对目标业务的拥塞获取功能。可选的，在第二指示信息还可以指示激活UPF网元的通知功能时，UPF网元根据第二指示信息还可以激活自身的通知功能。进一步，UPF网元激活针对目标业务的拥塞获取功能后，可以监测目标业务的数据流，以便在目标业务的数据流的传输过程中获取UPF网元的拥塞情况。
S404：UPF网元向SMF网元发送N4会话建立/修改响应消息；相应的，SMF网元接收N4会话建立/修改响应消息。
其中，步骤S404为可选步骤。即，UPF网元可以向SMF网元发送N4会话建立/修改响应消息，也可以不向SMF网元发送N4会话建立/修改响应消息。例如，UPF网元接收到N4会话建立请求消息后，响应于该N4会话建立请求消息，可以向SMF网元发送N4会话建立响应消息。
S405：SMF网元向AMF网元发送服务化消息；AMF网元接收服务化消息。
SMF网元可以向AMF网元发送第一指示信息。第一指示信息用于激活RAN网元的拥塞获取功能。可选的，该第一指示信息还可以用于激活RAN网元的通知功能。例如，SMF网元可以通过服务化消息向AMF网元发送第一指示信息，该服务化消息包括N1SM消息和N2SM消息，N2SM消息中包括第一指示信息。当然，SMF网元还可以通过其它除了服务化消息之外的消息向AMF网元发送第一指示信息，本申请实施例对此不作限定。为了便于理解，本实施例以服务化消息为例进行描述。另外，N2SM消息中可以包括目标业务的QFI。
在一种可能的实施方式中，该N2SM消息中还可以包括第一拥塞获取方式，或者包括第一通知方式，或者包括第一拥塞获取方式以及第一通知方式。其中，第一拥塞获取方式用于确定获取RAN的拥塞情况的方式。第一通知方式用于确定上报RAN的拥塞情况的条 件，上报RAN的拥塞情况的方式，以及上报内容中的一项或多项。其中，有关第一拥塞获取方式以及第一通知方式的具体实施方式请参考步骤S201中的相关描述，在此不再赘述。
S406：AMF网元向RAN发送N2PDU会话请求消息；相应的，RAN接收N2PDU会话请求消息。
AMF网元向RAN发送第一指示信息。例如，AMF网元可以通过N2PDU会话请求消息向RAN发送第一指示信息。例如，AMF网元接收服务消息，得到N1SM消息和N2SM消息，并向RAN发送N2PDU会话请求消息，该N2PDU会话请求消息中包括N1SM消息和N2SM消息，该N2SM消息中包括第一指示信息。
S407：RAN根据第一指示信息，激活针对目标业务的拥塞获取功能。
RAN接收到N2PDU会话请求消息，得到第一指示信息，根据该第一指示信息，RAN可以激活针对目标业务的拥塞获取功能。可选的，在第一指示信息还指示激活RAN的通知功能时，RAN根据第一指示信息还可以激活自身的通知功能。进一步，RAN激活针对目标业务的拥塞获取功能后，可以监测目标业务的数据流，以便在目标业务的数据流的传输过程中获取RAN的拥塞情况。
至此，UPF网元激活针对目标业务的拥塞获取功能，RAN激活针对目标业务的拥塞获取功能。接下来，RAN还可以执行步骤S408、S409所示的内容。即，步骤S408和S409是可选的步骤。
S408：RAN向UE发送N1SM消息；相应的，UE接收N1SM消息。
RAN接收到N2PDU会话请求消息，得到N1SM消息，并向该N1SM消息发送给UE。
S409：RAN向AMF网元发送N2PDU会话响应消息；相应的，AMF网元接收N2PDU会话响应消息。
RAN接收到N2PDU会话请求消息后，响应于该N2PDU会话请求消息，可以向AMF网元发送N2PDU会话响应消息。
通过步骤S408和步骤S409，UE与RAN之间完成空口传输通道的建立，RAN与UPF网元之间完成N3上行隧道的建立，UE可以通过RAN和UPF网元发送上行数据报文。
在上述实施例中，SMF网元可以目标业务的需求或者目标业务的服务质量监控策略等向RAN发送第一指示信息，向UPF网元发送第二指示信息。RAN接收到第一指示信息后，激活针对目标业务的拥塞获取功能，以便在目标业务的数据流的传输过程中获取RAN的拥塞情况。UPF网元接收到第二指示信息后，激活针对目标业务的拥塞获取功能，以便在目标业务的数据流的传输过程中获取UPF网元的拥塞情况。
图4介绍了RAN激活针对目标业务的拥塞获取功能，UPF网元激活针对目标业务的拥塞获取功能。接下来结合图5、图6、图7、以及图8介绍RAN上报自身拥塞情况以及UPF网元上报自身拥塞情况的具体实现方式。
图5示出了本申请提供的通信方法的又一种流程示意图。在本实施例中，UPF网元向RAN发送第二拥塞信息，由RAN将该第二拥塞信息发送给目标业务的数据流的发送端。该目标业务的数据流的发送端可以是UE或者是AF网元。
S501：RAN获取RAN的拥塞情况。
RAN激活针对目标业务的拥塞获取功能，在目标业务的数据流传输过程中，RAN获取RAN的拥塞情况。具体的，RAN可以根据本地配置或者第一拥塞获取方式，获取RAN的拥塞情况。例如，RAN可以根据RAN中待传输的数据流的数据量，或者根据RAN中空口资源的使用情况，或者根据RAN中待传输的数据流的数据量以及空口资源的使用情况，获取RAN的拥塞情况。步骤S501的具体实现方式请参考步骤S203中的相关描述，在此不再赘述。
S502：UPF网元获取UPF网元的拥塞情况。
UPF网元激活针对目标业务的拥塞获取功能，在目标业务的数据流传输过程中，UPF网元获取UPF网元的拥塞情况。具体的，UPF网元可以根据本地配置或者第二拥塞获取方式，获取UPF网元的拥塞情况。例如，UPF网元可以根据UPF网元中待传输的数据流的数据量获取UPF网元的拥塞情况。步骤S502的具体实现方式请参考步骤S303中的相关描述，在此不再赘述。
S503：UPF网元向RAN发送N3消息；相应的，RAN接收N3消息。
UPF网元通过第二拥塞信息指示UPF网元的拥塞情况，并向RAN发送第二拥塞信息；相应的，RAN接收第二拥塞信息。例如，UPF网元通过N3消息向RAN发送第二拥塞信息，该N3消息中包括第二拥塞信息。可以理解的是，UPF网元还可以通过除了N3消息之外的消息向RAN发送第二拥塞信息，本申请实施例并不限定于此。例如，UPF网元可以根据本地配置或第二通知方式，向RAN发送该N3消息。例如，在UPF网元中待传输的数据的数据流大于或等于第二阈值时，UPF网元向RAN发送该N3消息。又例如，在第二通知方式指示使用N3消息上报第二拥塞信息时，UPF网元向RAN发送该N3消息。步骤S503的具体实现方式请参考步骤S304b中的相关描述，在此不再赘述。
第二拥塞信息指示UPF网元的拥塞信息。例如，第二拥塞信息的发送频率指示UPF网元的拥塞情况，或者第二拥塞信息所包含的内容指示UPF网元的拥塞情况，或者第二拥塞信息的发送频率以及第二拥塞信息所包含的内容指示UPF网元的拥塞情况，具体请参考前述步骤S301中有关第二拥塞信息的描述，在此不再赘述。另外，UPF网元通过第二拥塞信息的发送频率以及第二拥塞信息所包含的内容中的至少一项，指示自身的拥塞情况的具体实现方式可参考前述步骤S304a中的描述，在此不再赘述。相应的，RAN可以根据第二拥塞信息的发送频率以及第二拥塞信息所包含的内容获知UPF网元的拥塞情况，应理解的是，RAN也可以不用获知UPF网元的拥塞情况。
RAN接收第二拥塞信息。接下来，RAN可以通过步骤S504a或者步骤S504b，将第二拥塞信息发送给UE。例如，RAN可以通过本地配置或者第一通知方式，通过MAC-CE消息向UE发送第二拥塞信息，即执行步骤S504a所示的内容；或者，通过高层信令向UE发送第二拥塞信息，即执行步骤S504b所示的内容；具体实现方式请参考前述步骤S204a中的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
值得注意的是，在RAN接收到第二拥塞信息，且RAN自身的拥塞情况满足上报条件(如，RAN中待传输的数据流的数据量大于或等于该第一阈值)时，RAN向UE发送第二拥塞信息，可以向UE或者UPF网元发送第一拥塞信息。其中，RAN可以根据本地配置或者第一通知方式向UE发送第一拥塞信息，或者向UPF网元发送第一拥塞信息，具体实现方式请参考前述步骤S203中的相关内容，此处不再赘述。为了便于描述，本实施例中以RAN向UE发送第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息为例。
S504a：RAN向UE发送MAC-CE消息；相应的，UE接收MAC-CE消息。
RAN可以向UE发送第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息。本实施例中，RAN通过MAC-CE消息向UE发送第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息。应理解的是，第一拥塞信息与第二拥塞信息可以承载在同一个MAC-CE消息中，也可以承载在不同的MAC-CE消息中，本申请实施例对此不作限定。图5中以第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息承载在一个MAC-CE消息中为例。
例如，RAN接收到第二拥塞信息，但RAN的拥塞情况不满足上报条件，则RAN可以向UE发送一个携带第二拥塞信息的MAC-CE消息，之后，在RAN的拥塞情况满足上报条件后，RAN再向UE发送一个携带第一拥塞信息的MAC-CE消息。又例如，RAN未接收到第二拥塞信息，但RAN的拥塞情况满足上报条件，则RAN可以向UE发送一个携带第一拥塞信息的MAC-CE消息，之后，在RAN接收到第二拥塞信息后，RAN再向UE发送一个携带第二拥塞信息的MAC-CE消息。再例如，RAN接收到第二拥塞信息，且RAN的拥塞情况满足上报条件，则RAN可以向UE发送一个携带第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息的MAC-CE消息；或者，RAN也可以向UE分别发送一个携带第一拥塞信息的MAC-CE消息和一个携带第二拥塞信息的MAC-CE消息。
另外，RAN可以确定承载MAC-CE消息的逻辑信道，并通过确定出的逻辑信道向UE发送该MAC-CE消息，具体实现方式请参考前述步骤S204a中的相关内容，在此不再赘述。
其中，第一拥塞信息指示RAN的拥塞信息。例如，第一拥塞信息的发送频率可指示RAN的拥塞情况，或者第一拥塞信息所包含的内容可指示RAN的拥塞情况，或者第一拥塞信息的发送频率以及第一拥塞信息所包含的内容可指示RAN的拥塞情况，具体请参考前述步骤S201中有关第一拥塞信息的描述，在此不再赘述。另外，RAN通过第一拥塞信息的发送频率以及第一拥塞信息所包含的内容中的至少一项，指示自身的拥塞情况的具体实现方式可参考前述步骤S204a中的描述，在此不再赘述。
S504b：RAN向UE发送高层信令；相应的，UE接收高层信令。
RAN可以向UE发送第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息。本实施例中，RAN通过高层信令向UE发送第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息。高层信令例如RRC信令，PDCP信令或SDAP信令等。应理解的是，第一拥塞信息与第二拥塞信息可以承载在同一个高层信令中，也可以承载在不同的高层信令中，本申请实施例对此不作限定。图5中以第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息承载在一个高层信令为例。
例如，RAN接收到第二拥塞信息，但RAN的拥塞情况不满足上报条件，则RAN可以向UE发送携带第二拥塞信息的高层信令，之后，在RAN的拥塞情况满足上报条件后，RAN再向UE发送携带第一拥塞信息的高层信令。又例如，RAN未接收到第二拥塞信息，但RAN的拥塞情况满足上报条件，则RAN可以向UE发送携带第一拥塞信息的高层信令，之后，在RAN接收到第二拥塞信息后，RAN再向UE发送携带第二拥塞信息的高层信令消息。再例如，RAN接收到第二拥塞信息，且RAN的拥塞情况满足上报条件，则RAN可以向UE发送携带第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息的高层信令；或者，RAN也可以向UE分别发送携带第一拥塞信息的高层信令和携带第二拥塞信息的高层信令。
至此，UE接收到第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息。本实施例中，目标业务的数据流可以是上行数据流，即目标业务的数据流的发送端是UE；或者也可以是下行数据流，即目标业务的数据流的发送端是AF网元。在目标业务的数据流是上行数据流时，UE执行步骤 S505所示的内容。而在目标业务的数据流是下行数据流时，UE执行步骤S506所示的内容。
S505：UE根据第一拥塞信息以及第二拥塞信息，调整目标业务的数据流的发送窗口。
目标业务的数据流是上行数据流。UE可以根据第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息，适应性的调整目标业务的数据流的发送窗口，从而可以减少目标业务的数据流的传输时延，提高目标业务的时延稳定性。
S506：UE向AF网元发送第一拥塞信息以及第二拥塞信息。相应的，AF网元接收第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息。
目标业务的数据流是下行数据流。UE接收到第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息后，可以将其转发送给AF网元。
S507：AF网元根据第一拥塞信息以及第二拥塞信息，调整目标业务的数据流的发送窗口。
AF网元接收到第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息，可以根据第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息，适应性的调整目标业务的数据流的发送窗口，从而可以减少目标业务的数据流的传输时延，提高目标业务的时延稳定性。
在上述实施例中，UPF网元通过RAN完成自身拥塞情况的上报，RAN完成自身拥塞情况的上报，以及目标业务的数据流的发送端根据UPF网元的拥塞情况以及RAN的拥塞情况，合理调整目标业务的数据流的发送窗口，从而可以减少目标业务的数据流的传输时延，提高目标业务的时延稳定性。
图6示出了本申请实施例提供的通信方法的再一种流程示意图。在本实施例中，RAN向UPF网元发送第一拥塞信息，由UPF网元将该第一拥塞信息发送给目标业务的数据流的发送端。该目标业务的数据流可以是下行数据流，也可以是上行数据流。在本实施例中，UPF网元创建第一消息，向AF网元发送第一消息或者通过NEF网元发送第一消息，第一消息包括第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息。
其中，步骤S601、S602、S606、S608分别与图5中的步骤S502、S501、S507、S505对应相同，不同之处在于：
S603：RAN向UPF网元发送N3消息；相应的，UPF网元接收N3消息。
RAN通过第一拥塞信息指示RAN的拥塞情况，并向UPF网元发送第一拥塞信息；相应的，UPF网元接收第一拥塞信息。例如，RAN通过N3消息向UPF网元发送第一拥塞信息，该N3消息中包括第一拥塞信息。可以理解的是，RAN还可以通过除了N3消息之外的消息向UPF网元发送第一拥塞信息，本申请实施例并不限定于此。例如，RAN可以根据本地配置或第一通知方式，向UPF网元发送该N3消息。例如，在RAN中待传输的数据的数据流大于或等于第一阈值是，RAN向UPF网元发送该N3消息。又例如，在第一通知方式指示使用N3消息上报第一拥塞信息时，RAN向UPF网元发送该N3消息。步骤S603的具体实现方式请参考步骤S204b中的相关描述，在此不再赘述。
第一拥塞信息指示RAN的拥塞信息。例如，第一拥塞信息的发送频率指示RAN的拥塞情况，或者第一拥塞信息所包含的内容指示RAN的拥塞情况，或者第一拥塞信息的发送频率以及第一拥塞信息所包含的内容指示RAN的拥塞情况，具体请参考前述步骤S201中有关第一拥塞信息的描述，在此不再赘述。另外，RAN通过第一拥塞信息的发送频率以及第一拥塞信息所包含的内容中的至少一项，指示自身的拥塞情况的具体实现方式可参考 前述步骤S204a中的描述，在此不再赘述。相应的，UPF网元可以根据第一拥塞信息的发送频率以及第一拥塞信息所包含的内容获知RAN网元的拥塞情况，应理解的是，UPF网元也可以不用获知RAN的拥塞情况。
UPF网元接收第一拥塞信息。接下来，UPF网元可以创建第一消息，并通过步骤S605a或者步骤S605b，将第一拥塞信息发送给AF网元。例如，UPF网元可以通过本地配置或者第二通知方式，通过NEF网元向AF网元发送第一拥塞信息，即执行步骤S605a所示的内容；或者，直接向AF网元发送第一拥塞信息，即执行步骤S605b所示的内容；具体实现方式请参考前述步骤S304a中的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
值得注意的是，在UPF网元接收到第一拥塞信息，且UPF网元的拥塞情况满足上报条件(如，UPF网元中待传输的数据流的数据量大于或等于该第二阈值)时，UPF网元向AF网元发送第一拥塞信息，可以向RAN或者AF网元发送第二拥塞信息。其中，UPF网元可以根据本地配置或者第二通知方式向RAN发送第二拥塞信息，或者向AF网元发送第二拥塞信息，具体实现方式请参考前述步骤S303中的相关内容，此处不再赘述。为了便于描述，本实施例中以UPF网元向AF网元发送第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息为例。
S604：UPF网元创建第一消息。
UPF网元可以创建第一消息。在本实施例中，第一消息包括第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息。应理解的是，第一拥塞信息与第二拥塞信息可以承载在同一个消息中，也可以承载在不同的消息中，本申请实施例对此不作限定。图6中以第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息承载在一个消息中为例。
例如，UPF网元接收到第一拥塞信息，但UPF网元的拥塞情况不满足上报条件，则UPF网元可以创建一个携带第一拥塞信息的第一消息，之后，在UPF网元的拥塞情况满足上报条件后，UPF网元再创建一个携带第二拥塞信息的第一消息。又例如，UPF网元未接收到第一拥塞信息，但UPF网元的拥塞情况满足上报条件，则UPF网元创建一个携带第二拥塞信息的第一消息，之后，在UPF网元接收到第一拥塞信息后，UPF网元再创建一个携带第一拥塞信息的第一消息。再例如，UPF网元接收到第一拥塞信息，且UPF网元的拥塞情况满足上报条件，则UPF网元可以创建一个携带第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息的第一消息；或者，UPF网元也可以分别创建一个携带第一拥塞信息的第一消息和一个携带第二拥塞信息的第一消息。
UPF网元可以根据目标业务的数据流的五元组信息以及UPF网元的地址，或者根据目标业务的数据流的五元组信息，或者根据目标业务的数据流的五元组信息以及AF网元配置的AF网元的地址，构建第一消息。例如，在UPF网元通过NEF网元向AF网元上报第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息时，UPF网元可以根据目标业务的数据流的五元组信息以及UPF网元的地址，构建第一消息。又例如，在UPF网元通过代理的方式向AF网元上报第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息，且UE不感知UPF网元时，UPF网元可以根据目标业务的数据流的五元组信息，构建第一消息。再例如，在UPF网元通过代理的方式向AF网元上报第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息，且UE感知UPF网元时，UPF网元可以根据目标业务的数据流的五元组信息以及AF网元配置的AF网元的地址，构建第一消息。UPF网元构建第一消息的具体实现方式，请参考前述步骤S304a中的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
其中，第二拥塞信息指示UPF网元的拥塞信息。例如，第二拥塞信息的发送频率指示UPF网元的拥塞情况，或者第二拥塞信息所包含的内容指示UPF网元的拥塞情况，或者第 二拥塞信息的发送频率以及第二拥塞信息所包含的内容指示UPF网元的拥塞情况，具体请参考前述步骤S301中有关第二拥塞信息的描述，在此不再赘述。另外，UPF网元通过第二拥塞信息的发送频率以及第二拥塞信息所包含的内容中的至少一项，指示自身的拥塞情况的具体实现方式可参考前述步骤S304a中的描述，在此不再赘述。
S605a：UPF网元通过NEF网元向AF网元发送第一消息；相应的，AF网元接收第一消息。
UPF网元通过NEF网元向AF网元发送第一消息。例如，UPF网元与NEF网元具有共址关系，则UPF网元向NEF网元发送第一消息，NEF网元接收到第一消息后，向AF网元发送该第一消息，相应的，AF网元接收该第一消息。又例如，UPF网元向SMF网元发送第一消息，SMF网元接收到第一消息后将其转发送给NEF网元，由NEF网元将第一消息发送给AF网元，相应的，AF网元接收该第一消息。其中，在目标业务的数据流是下行数据流时，第一消息的源地址是UPF网元的地址，第一消息的目的地址是目标业务的数据流的源地址。而在目标业务的数据流是上行数据流时，该第一消息的源地址是UPF网元的地址，该第一消息的目的地址是目标业务的数据流的源地址。
S605b：UPF网元向AF网元发送第一消息；相应的，AF网元接收第一消息。
UPF网元采用代理的方式向AF网元发送第一消息。其中，在目标业务的数据流是下行数据流，且UE不感知UPF网元时，第一消息的源地址是目标业务的数据流的目的地址，第一消息的目的地址是目标业务的数据流的源地址。在目标业务的数据流是下行数据流，且UE感知UPF网元时，第一消息的源地址是目标业务的数据流的目的地址，第一消息的目的地址是AF网元配置的AF网元的地址。在目标业务的数据流是上行数据流，且UE不感知UPF网元时，第一消息的源地址是目标业务的数据流的源地址，第一消息的目的地址是目标业务的数据流的目的地址。在目标业务的数据流是上行数据流，且UE感知UPF网元时，第一消息的源地址是目标业务的数据流的源地址，第一消息的目的地址是AF网元配置的AF网元的地址。
S607：AF网元向UE发送第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息；相应的，UE接收第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息。
目标业务的数据流是上行数据流。AF网元接收到第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息后，可以将其转发送给UE。
在上述实施例中，RAN通过UPF网元完成自身拥塞情况的上报，UPF网元完成自身拥塞情况的上报，以及目标业务的数据流的发送端根据UPF网元的拥塞情况以及RAN的拥塞情况，合理调整目标业务的数据流的发送窗口，从而可以减少目标业务的数据流的传输时延，提高目标业务的时延稳定性。另外，UPF网元构建第一消息，并通过NEF或代理的方式将第一消息发送给AF网元，该第一消息携带第一拥塞信息以及第二拥塞信息中的至少一项，能够及时上报UPF网元的拥塞情况和RAN的拥塞情况，可以提高拥塞情况上报的实时性。
图7示出了本申请实施例提供的通信方法的再一种流程示意图。在本实施例中，RAN向UPF网元发送第一拥塞信息，由UPF网元将该第一拥塞信息发送给目标业务的数据流的发送端。该目标业务的数据流是下行数据流。在本实施例中，UPF网元通过目标业务的数据流的应答消息向AF网元发送第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息。
其中，步骤S701-S703、S705与图6中的步骤S601-S603、S606对应相同，不同之处 在于：
S704：UPF网元向AF网元发送目标业务的数据流的应答消息。相应的，AF网元接收目标业务的数据流的应答消息。
目标业务的数据流的是下行数据流。UPF网元可以向AF网元发送目标业务的数据流的应答消息。在本实施例中，目标业务的数据流的应答消息中包括第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息。例如，UPF网元接收来自UE的针对该目标业务的数据流的应答消息，在该应答消息中携带第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息，并向AF网元发送携带第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息的应答消息。进一步，UPF网元可以根据该应答消息的协议、应答消息的数量、以及第二通知方式等中的一项或多项，确定上报第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息的方式，具体实现方式请参考前述步骤S304a中的相关内容，在此不再赘述。
应理解的是，第一拥塞信息与第二拥塞信息可以承载在同一个应答消息中，也可以承载在不同的应答消息中，本申请实施例对此不作限定。图7中以第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息承载在一个应答消息中为例。
例如，UPF网元接收到第一拥塞信息和目标业务的数据流的应答消息，但UPF网元的拥塞情况不满足上报条件，则UPF网元可以在应答消息中携带第一拥塞信息，并向AF网元发送携带第一拥塞信息的应答消息；之后，在UPF网元的拥塞情况满足上报条件后，UPF网元可以在另一个应答消息中携带第二拥塞信息，并向AF网元发送携带第二拥塞信息的应答消息。又例如，UPF网元未接收到第一拥塞信息，但接收到目标业务的数据流的应答消息，且UPF网元的拥塞情况满足上报条件，则UPF网元可以在应答消息中携带第二拥塞信息，并向AF网元发送携带第二拥塞信息的应答消息；之后，在UPF网元接收到第一拥塞信息后，UPF网元可以在另一个应答消息中携带第一拥塞信息，并向AF网元发送携带第一拥塞信息的应答消息。再例如，UPF网元接收到第一拥塞信息和目标业务的数据流的应答消息，且UPF网元的拥塞情况满足上报条件，则UPF网元可以在该应答消息中携带第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息，并向AF网元发送携带第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息的应答消息；或者，UPF网元也可以在不同的应答消息中携带第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息，并向AF网元发送携带第一拥塞信息的应答消息和携带第二拥塞信息的应答消息。
在上述实施例中，目标业务的数据流的是下行数据流，RAN通过UPF网元完成自身拥塞情况的上报，UPF网元完成自身拥塞情况的上报，以及AF网元根据UPF网元的拥塞情况以及RAN的拥塞情况，合理调整目标业务的数据流的发送窗口，从而可以减少目标业务的数据流的传输时延，提高目标业务的时延稳定性。另外，UPF网元通过目标业务的数据的应答消息向AF网元上报第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息，实现了对应答消息的复用，无需构建新消息。
图8示出了本申请实施例提供的通信方法的再一种流程示意图。在本实施例中，RAN向UPF网元发送第一拥塞信息，由UPF网元将该第一拥塞信息发送给目标业务的数据流的发送端。该目标业务的数据流是上行数据流。在本实施例中，UPF网元通过目标业务的数据流的上行报文向AF网元发送第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息。向AF网元发送第一消息或者通过NEF网元发送第一消息。
其中，步骤S801-S803与图7中的步骤S701-S703对应相同，不同之处在于：
S804：UPF网元向AF网元发送目标业务的数据流的上行报文；相应的，AF网元接收 该目标业务的数据流的上行报文。
本实施例中，目标业务的数据流是上行数据流。UPF网元可以向AF网元发送目标业务的数据流的上行报文。在本实施例中，目标业务的数据流的上行报文中包括第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息。例如，UPF网元接收来自UE的针对该目标业务的数据流的上行报文，在该上行报文中携带第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息，并向AF网元发送携带第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息的上行报文。例如，UPF网元可以在目标业务的数据的上行报文中添加第二拥塞信息，如UPF网元中待传输的数据的数据量、或拥塞等级等。
应理解的是，第一拥塞信息与第二拥塞信息可以承载在同一个上行报文中，也可以承载在不同的上行报文中，本申请实施例对此不作限定。图8中以第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息承载在一个上行报文中为例。
例如，UPF网元接收到第一拥塞信息和目标业务的数据流的上行报文，但UPF网元的拥塞情况不满足上报条件，则UPF网元可以在上行报文中携带第一拥塞信息，并向AF网元发送携带第一拥塞信息的上行报文；之后，在UPF网元的拥塞情况满足上报条件后，UPF网元可以在另一个上行报文中携带第二拥塞信息，并向AF网元发送携带第二拥塞信息的上行报文。又例如，UPF网元未接收到第一拥塞信息，但接收到目标业务的数据流的上行报文，且UPF网元的拥塞情况满足上报条件，则UPF网元可以在上行报文中携带第二拥塞信息，并向AF网元发送携带第二拥塞信息的上行报文；之后，在UPF网元接收到第一拥塞信息后，UPF网元可以在另一个上行报文中携带第一拥塞信息，并向AF网元发送携带第一拥塞信息的上行报文。再例如，UPF网元接收到第一拥塞信息和目标业务的数据流的上行报文，且UPF网元的拥塞情况满足上报条件，则UPF网元可以在该上行报文中携带第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息，并向AF网元发送携带第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息的上行报文；或者，UPF网元也可以在不同的上行报文中携带第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息，并向AF网元发送携带第一拥塞信息的上行报文和携带第二拥塞信息的上行报文。
S805：AF网元向UE发送第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息。相应的，UE接收第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息。
目标业务的数据流是上行数据流。AF网元接收到第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息后，可以将其转发送给UE。
S806：UE根据第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息，调整目标业务的数据流的发送窗口。
UE可以根据第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息，适应性的调整目标业务的数据流的发送窗口，从而可以减少目标业务的数据流的传输时延，提高目标业务的时延稳定性。
在上述实施例中，目标业务的数据流的是上行数据流，RAN通过UPF网元完成自身拥塞情况的上报，UPF网元完成自身拥塞情况的上报，以及UE根据UPF网元的拥塞情况以及RAN的拥塞情况，合理调整目标业务的数据流的发送窗口，从而可以减少目标业务的数据流的传输时延，提高目标业务的时延稳定性。另外，UPF网元通过目标业务的数据的上报文向AF网元发送第一拥塞信息和第二拥塞信息，实现了对该目标业务的数据报文的复用，无需构建新消息。
需要说明的是，上述各个实施例中的执行步骤仅为一种示例，本申请实施例并不限定于此。例如，在图4所示的实施例中，SMF网元向先UPF网元发送第二指示信息，再向RAN发送第一指示信息；或者，SMF网元可以先向RAN发送第一指示信息，再向UPF网元发送第二指示信息；或者，SMF网元同时向RAN发送第一指示信息和向UPF网元发 送第二指示信息。再例如，在图5所示的实施例中，RAN先于UPF网元获取自身拥塞情况；或者，UPF网元可以先于RAN获取自身拥塞情况；或者，RAN和UPF网元同时获取自身拥塞情况。
上述主要从设备的角度以及设备交互的角度对本申请实施例提供的方案进行了介绍。可以理解的是，为了实现上述功能，各个设备可以包括执行各个功能相应的硬件结构和/或软件模块。本领域技术人员应该很容易意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，本申请的实施例能够以硬件或硬件和计算机软件的结合形式来实现。某个功能究竟以硬件还是计算机软件驱动硬件的方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和实现方式约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
本申请实施例可以根据上述方法示例对设备进行功能单元的划分，例如，可以对应各个功能划分各个功能单元，也可以将两个或两个以上的功能集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
在采用集成的单元的情况下，图9示出了本申请实施例中所涉及的通信装置的可能的示例性框图。如图9所示，通信装置900可以包括：通信模块901，以及处理模块902。处理模块902用于对通信装置900的动作进行控制管理。通信模块901用于支持通信装置900与其他设备的通信，如在处理模块902的控制下执行发送和接收操作。可选的，通信模块901可以是一个模块，也可以是两个模块，如接收模块和发送模块。可选的，该通信模块901又可以称为通信单元、收发模块、收发单元、或接口电路等，本申请实施例并不限定于此。可选的，通信装置900还可以包括存储模块903，用于存储通信装置900的程序代码和/或数据。
作为一个示例，处理模块902可以支持通信装置900执行上文中各方法示例中接入网网元、用户面功能网元或会话管理功能网元的动作。或者，处理模块902主要执行方法示例中的接入网网元、用户面功能网元或会话管理功能网元的内部动作。
例如，通信装置900可以为上述各个实施例中的接入网网元，或者还可以是上述各个实施例中的接入网网元的部件(如芯片)。
其中，通信模块901，用于接收来自会话管理功能网元的第一指示信息。
处理模块902，用于根据所述第一指示信息激活所述通信装置的拥塞获取功能，其中，所述拥塞获取功能用于在目标业务的数据流传输过程中获取所述通信装置的拥塞情况；以及，获取所述通信装置的拥塞情况。
通信模块901，还用于向用户面功能网元或终端设备发送第一拥塞信息，通过所述第一拥塞信息指示所述通信装置的拥塞情况。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述通信模块901，进一步用于：
接收来自所述用户面功能网元的第二拥塞信息；
所述处理模块902，进一步用于根据所述第二拥塞信息获知所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况；
所述通信模块901，还用于向所述终端设备发送所述第二拥塞信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在根据所述第二拥塞信息获知所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况时，所述处理模块902具体用于：
通过所述第二拥塞信息的接收频率获知所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况；
或者，所述第二拥塞信息包括所述用户面功能网元的拥塞等级，或所述用户面功能网元中待传输的数据流的数据量中的至少一项。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在向所述终端设备发送所述第一拥塞信息时，所述通信模块901具体用于：
通过媒体接入控制控制元素消息或高层信令，向所述终端设备发送所述第一拥塞信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述处理模块902，进一步用于：
根据所述目标业务的服务质量流标识，服务质量流标识与数据无线承载标识之间的对应关系，以及数据无线承载标识与逻辑信道标识之间的对应关系，确定承载所述媒体接入控制控制元素消息的逻辑信道。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在通过所述第一拥塞信息指示所述通信装置的拥塞情况时，所述处理模块902，具体用于：
通过所述第一拥塞信息的发送频率用于指示所述通信装置的拥塞情况；
或者，所述第一拥塞信息包括如下信息中的一项或多项：所述通信装置的拥塞等级，所述通信装置中待传输的数据流的数据量，所述通信装置与所述终端设备之间的信道质量指示，所述通信装置与所述终端设备之间的空口时延，或者，所述通信装置传输所述数据流的传输方式。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述处理模块902，进一步用于：
根据所述第一指示信息激活所述通信装置的通知功能，其中，所述通知功能用于向所述用户面功能网元或所述终端设备发送所述通信装置的拥塞情况。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述通信模块901，进一步用于：
接收来自会话管理功能网元的第一拥塞获取方式或第一通知方式中的至少一项；
在接收到所述第一拥塞获取时，所述处理模块902，进一步用于根据所述第一拥塞获取方式，确定根据所述通信装置中待传输的数据流的数据量或空口资源的使用情况中的至少一项，获取所述通信装置的拥塞情况；
在接收到所述第一通知方式时，所述处理模块902，进一步用于根据所述第一通知方式，确定在所述待传输的数据流的数据量大于或等于第一阈值时向所述用户面功能网元或所述终端设备发送所述通信装置的拥塞情况，确定通过所述第一拥塞信息指示所述通信装置的拥塞情况，或确定承载所述第一拥塞信息的消息中的至少一项。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在获取所述通信装置的拥塞情况时，所述处理模块902具体用于：
根据所述通信装置中待传输的数据流的数据量或空口资源的使用情况中的至少一项，获取所述通信装置的拥塞情况。
又例如，通信装置900可以为上述各个实施例中的用户面功能网元，或者还可以是上述各个实施例中的用户面功能网元的部件(如芯片)。
其中，通信模块901，用于接收来自会话管理功能网元的第二指示信息。
处理模块902，用于根据所述第二指示信息激活所述通信装置的拥塞获取功能，其中，所述拥塞获取功能用于在目标业务的数据流传输过程中获取所述通信装置的拥塞情况；以及，获取所述通信装置的拥塞情况；
通信模块901，还用于向应用功能网元或接入网网元发送第二拥塞信息，所述第二拥 塞信息用于指示所述通信装置的拥塞情况。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述通信模块901，进一步用于：
接收来自所述接入网网元的第一拥塞信息；
所述处理模块902，进一步用于根据所述第一拥塞信息获取所述接入网网元的拥塞情况；
所述通信模块901，还用于向所述应用功能网元发送所述第一拥塞信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在根据所述第一拥塞信息获取所述接入网网元的拥塞情况时，所述处理模块902，具体用于：
根据所述第一拥塞信息的接收频率获知所述接入网网元的拥塞情况；
或者，所述第一拥塞信息包括如下信息中的一项或多项：所述接入网网元的拥塞等级，所述接入网网元中待传输的数据流的数据量，所述接入网网元与所述终端设备之间的信道质量指示，所述接入网网元与所述终端设备之间的空口时延，或者，所述接入网网元传输所述数据流的传输方式。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述处理模块902，进一步用于：
生成承载所述第二拥塞信息的第一消息；
所述通信模块901，用于向所述应用功能网元发送所述第一消息；
其中，在所述数据流是下行数据流时，所述第一消息的源地址是所述数据流的目的地址，所述第一消息的目的地址是所述数据流的源地址；
或者，在所述数据流是下行数据流时，所述第一消息的源地址是所述数据流的目的地址，所述第一消息的目的地址是所述应用功能网元配置的应用功能网元的地址；
或者，在所述数据流是上行数据流时，所述第一消息的源地址是所述数据流的源地址，所述第一消息的目的地址是所述数据流的目的地址；
或者，在所述数据流是上行数据流时，所述第一消息的源地址是所述数据流的源地址，所述第一消息的目的地址是所述应用功能网元配置的应用功能网元的地址。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在向应用功能网元发送所述第二拥塞信息时，所述通信模块901，具体用于：
在所述数据流是下行数据流时，通过所述数据流的应答消息，向所述应用功能网元发送所述第二拥塞信息；
或者，在所述数据流是上行数据流时，通过承载所述目标业务的数据的上行报文，向所述应用功能网元发送所述第二拥塞信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在通过所述第二拥塞信息指示所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况时，所述处理模块902，具体用于：
通过所述第二拥塞信息的发送频率指示所述通信装置的拥塞情况；
或者，所述第二拥塞信息包括所述通信装置的拥塞等级，或所述通信装置中待传输的数据流的数据量中的至少一项。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述处理模块902，进一步用于：
根据所述第二指示信息激活所述通信装置的通知功能，所述通信装置的通知功能用于向所述应用功能网元或所述接入网网元发送所述通信装置的拥塞情况。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述通信模块901，进一步用于：
接收来自会话管理功能网元的第二拥塞获取方式或第二通知方式中的至少一项；
在接收到所述第二拥塞获取方式时，所述处理模块902，进一步用于根据所述第二拥塞获取方式，确定根据所述通信装置中待传输的数据流的数据量，获取所述通信装置的拥塞情况；
在接收到所述第二通知方式时，所述处理模块902，进一步用于根据所述第二通知方式，确定在所述待传输的数据流的数据量大于或等于第二阈值时向所述应用功能网元或所述接入网网元发送所述通信装置的拥塞情况，确定通过所述第二拥塞信息指示所述通信装置的拥塞情况，或者确定承载所述第二拥塞信息的消息中的至少一项。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在获取所述通信装置的拥塞情况时，所述处理模块902，具体用于：
根据所述通信装置中待传输的数据流的数据量，获取所述通信装置的拥塞情况。
应理解以上装置中单元的划分仅仅是一种逻辑功能的划分，实际实现时可以全部或部分集成到一个物理实体上，也可以物理上分开。且装置中的单元可以全部以软件通过处理元件调用的形式实现；也可以全部以硬件的形式实现；还可以部分单元以软件通过处理元件调用的形式实现，部分单元以硬件的形式实现。例如，各个单元可以为单独设立的处理元件，也可以集成在装置的某一个芯片中实现，此外，也可以以程序的形式存储于存储器中，由装置的某一个处理元件调用并执行该单元的功能。此外这些单元全部或部分可以集成在一起，也可以独立实现。这里的处理元件又可以成为处理器，可以是一种具有信号的处理能力的集成电路。在实现过程中，上述方法的各操作或以上各个单元可以通过处理器元件中的硬件的集成逻辑电路实现或者以软件通过处理元件调用的形式实现。
在一个例子中，以上任一装置中的单元可以是被配置成实施以上方法的一个或多个集成电路，例如：一个或多个特定集成电路(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)，或，一个或多个微处理器(digital singnal processor，DSP)，或，一个或者多个现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)，或这些集成电路形式中至少两种的组合。再如，当装置中的单元可以通过处理元件调度程序的形式实现时，该处理元件可以是处理器，比如通用中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)，或其它可以调用程序的处理器。再如，这些单元可以集成在一起，以片上系统(system-on-a-chip，SOC)的形式实现。
以上用于接收的单元是一种该装置的接口电路，用于从其它装置接收信号。例如，当该装置以芯片的方式实现时，该接收单元是该芯片用于从其它芯片或装置接收信号的接口电路。以上用于发送的单元是一种该装置的接口电路，用于向其它装置发送信号。例如，当该装置以芯片的方式实现时，该发送单元是该芯片用于向其它芯片或装置发送信号的接口电路。
请参考图10，为本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置示意图，用于实现上述各个实施例中接入网网元、用户面功能网元或会话管理功能网元的操作。该通信装置1000包括：处理器1010和接口1030，可选的，该通信装置1000还包括存储器1020。接口1030用于实现与其他设备进行通信。
以上实施例中，接入网网元、用户面功能网元或会话管理功能网元执行的方法可以通过处理器1010调用存储器(可以是接入网网元、用户面功能网元或会话管理功能网元中的存储器1020，也可以是外部存储器)中存储的程序来实现。即，用于实现接入网网元、 用户面功能网元或会话管理功能网元的功能的通信装置1000可以包括处理器1010，该处理器1010通过调用存储器中的程序，以执行以上方法实施例中的接入网网元、用户面功能网元或会话管理功能网元执行的方法。这里的处理器可以是一种具有信号的处理能力的集成电路，例如CPU，用于接入网网元、用户面功能网元或会话管理功能网元的装置可以通过配置成实施以上方法的一个或多个集成电路来实现。例如：一个或多个ASIC，或，一个或多个微处理器DSP，或，一个或者多个FPGA等，或这些集成电路形式中至少两种的组合。或者，可以结合以上实现方式。
当通信装置1000用于上述方法时，处理器1010用于实现上述处理模块902的功能，接口1030用于实现上述收发模块901的功能。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。该计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行该计算机程序指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本申请实施例该的流程或功能。该计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。该计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，该计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线(DSL))或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。该计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是包括一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。该可用介质可以是磁性介质，(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如，DVD)、或者半导体介质(例如固态硬盘(solid state disk，SSD))等。
本申请实施例中所描述的各种说明性的逻辑单元和电路可以通过通用处理器，数字信号处理器，专用集成电路(ASIC)，现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或其它可编程逻辑装置，离散门或晶体管逻辑，离散硬件部件，或上述任何组合的实现方式来实现或操作所描述的功能。通用处理器可以为微处理器，可选地，该通用处理器也可以为任何传统的处理器、控制器、微控制器或状态机。处理器也可以通过计算装置的组合来实现，例如数字信号处理器和微处理器，多个微处理器，一个或多个微处理器联合一个数字信号处理器核，或任何其它类似的配置来实现。
本申请实施例中所描述的方法或算法的步骤可以直接嵌入硬件、处理器执行的软件单元、或者这两者的结合。软件单元可以存储于随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)、闪存、只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)、EPROM存储器、EEPROM存储器、寄存器、硬盘、可移动磁盘、CD-ROM或本领域中其它任意形式的存储媒介中。示例性地，存储媒介可以与处理器连接，以使得处理器可以从存储媒介中读取信息，并可以向存储媒介存写信息。可选地，存储媒介还可以集成到处理器中。处理器和存储媒介可以设置于ASIC中。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
在一个或多个示例性的实现方式中，本申请实施例所描述的上述功能可以在硬件、软 件、固件或这三者的任意组合来实现。如果在软件中实现，这些功能可以存储与电脑可读的媒介上，或以一个或多个指令或代码形式传输于电脑可读的媒介上。电脑可读媒介包括电脑存储媒介和便于使得让电脑程序从一个地方转移到其它地方的通信媒介。存储媒介可以是任何通用或特殊电脑可以接入访问的可用媒体。例如，这样的电脑可读媒体可以包括但不限于RAM、ROM、EEPROM、CD-ROM或其它光盘存储、磁盘存储或其它磁性存储装置，或其它任何可以用于承载或存储以指令或数据结构和其它可被通用或特殊电脑、或通用或特殊处理器读取形式的程序代码的媒介。此外，任何连接都可以被适当地定义为电脑可读媒介，例如，如果软件是从一个网站站点、服务器或其它远程资源通过一个同轴电缆、光纤电脑、双绞线、数字用户线(DSL)或以例如红外、无线和微波等无线方式传输的也被包含在所定义的电脑可读媒介中。该的碟片(disk)和磁盘(disc)包括压缩磁盘、镭射盘、光盘、数字通用光盘(digital versatile disc，DVD)、软盘和蓝光光盘，磁盘通常以磁性复制数据，而碟片通常以激光进行光学复制数据。上述的组合也可以包含在电脑可读媒介中。
本领域技术人员应该可以意识到，在上述一个或多个示例中，本申请实施例所描述的功能可以用硬件、软件、固件或它们的任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以将这些功能存储在计算机可读介质中或者作为计算机可读介质上的一个或多个指令或代码进行传输。计算机可读介质包括计算机存储介质和通信介质，其中通信介质包括便于从一个地方向另一个地方传送计算机程序的任何介质。存储介质可以是通用或专用计算机能够存取的任何可用介质。
以上所述的具体实施方式，对本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本申请实施例的具体实施方式而已，并不用于限定本申请实施例的保护范围，凡在本申请实施例的技术方案的基础之上，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包括在本申请实施例的保护范围之内。本申请说明书的上述描述可以使得本领域技术任何可以利用或实现本申请实施例的内容，任何基于所公开内容的修改都应该被认为是本领域显而易见的，本申请实施例所描述的基本原则可以应用到其它变形中而不偏离本申请的发明本质和范围。因此，本申请实施例所公开的内容不仅仅局限于所描述的实施例和实现方式，还可以扩展到与本申请原则和所公开的新特征一致的最大范围。
尽管结合具体特征及其实施例对本申请进行了描述，显而易见的，在不脱离本申请实施例的精神和范围的情况下，可对其进行各种修改和组合。相应地，本说明书和附图仅仅是所附权利要求所界定的本申请的示例性说明，且视为已覆盖本申请范围内的任意和所有修改、变化、组合或等同物。显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的范围。这样，倘若本申请实施例的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请实施例也意图包括这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (43)

  1. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    接入网网元接收来自会话管理功能网元的第一指示信息；
    所述接入网网元根据所述第一指示信息激活所述接入网网元的拥塞获取功能，其中，所述拥塞获取功能用于在目标业务的数据流传输过程中获取所述接入网网元的拥塞情况；
    所述接入网网元获取所述接入网网元的拥塞情况；
    所述接入网网元向用户面功能网元或终端设备发送第一拥塞信息，通过所述第一拥塞信息指示所述接入网网元的拥塞情况。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述接入网网元接收来自所述用户面功能网元的第二拥塞信息；
    所述接入网网元根据所述第二拥塞信息获知所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况；
    所述接入网网元向所述终端设备发送所述第二拥塞信息。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述接入网网元根据所述第二拥塞信息获知所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况，包括：
    所述接入网网元根据所述第二拥塞信息的接收频率获知所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况；或者，
    所述第二拥塞信息包括所述用户面功能网元的拥塞等级，或所述用户面功能网元中待传输的数据流的数据量中的至少一项。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述接入网网元向所述终端设备发送所述第一拥塞信息，包括：
    所述接入网网元通过媒体接入控制控制元素消息或高层信令，向所述终端设备发送所述第一拥塞信息。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述接入网网元根据所述目标业务的服务质量流标识，服务质量流标识与数据无线承载标识之间的对应关系，以及数据无线承载标识与逻辑信道标识之间的对应关系，确定承载所述媒体接入控制控制元素消息的逻辑信道。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述接入网网元通过所述第一拥塞信息指示所述接入网网元的拥塞情况，包括：
    所述接入网网元通过所述第一拥塞信息的发送频率用于指示所述接入网网元的拥塞情况；或者，
    所述第一拥塞信息包括如下信息中的一项或多项：所述接入网网元的拥塞等级，所述接入网网元中待传输的数据流的数据量，所述接入网网元与所述终端设备之间的信道质量指示，所述接入网网元与所述终端设备之间的空口时延，或者，所述接入网网元传输所述数据流的传输方式。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述接入网网元根据所述第一指示信息激活所述接入网网元的通知功能，其中，所述接入网网元的通知功能用于向所述用户面功能网元或所述终端设备发送所述接入网网元的拥塞情况。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述接入网网元接收来自会话管理功能网元的第一拥塞获取方式或第一通知方式中的至少一项；
    在所述接入网网元接收到所述第一拥塞获取方式时，所述接入网网元根据所述第一拥塞获取方式，确定根据所述接入网网元中待传输的数据流的数据量或空口资源的使用情况中的至少一项获取所述接入网网元的拥塞情况；
    在所述接入网网元接收到所述第一通知方式时，所述接入网网元根据所述第一通知方式，确定在所述待传输的数据流的数据量大于或等于第一阈值时向所述用户面功能网元或所述终端设备发送所述接入网网元的拥塞情况，确定通过所述第一拥塞信息指示所述接入网网元的拥塞情况，或者确定承载所述第一拥塞信息的消息中的至少一项。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述接入网网元获取所述接入网网元的拥塞情况，包括：
    所述接入网网元根据所述接入网网元中待传输的数据流的数据量或空口资源的使用情况中的至少一项，获取所述接入网网元的拥塞情况。
  10. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    用户面功能网元接收来自会话管理功能网元的第二指示信息；
    所述用户面功能网元根据所述第二指示信息激活所述用户面功能网元的拥塞获取功能，其中，所述拥塞获取功能用于在目标业务的数据流传输过程中获取所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况；
    所述用户面功能网元获取所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况；
    所述用户面功能网元向应用功能网元或接入网网元发送第二拥塞信息，通过所述第二拥塞信息指示所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述用户面功能网元接收来自所述接入网网元的第一拥塞信息；
    所述用户面功能网元根据所述第一拥塞信息获知所述接入网网元的拥塞情况；
    所述用户面功能网元向所述应用功能网元发送所述第一拥塞信息。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述用户面功能网元根据所述第一拥塞信息获知所述接入网网元的拥塞情况，包括：
    所述用户面功能网元根据所述第一拥塞信息的接收频率获知所述接入网网元的拥塞情况；或者，
    所述第一拥塞信息包括如下信息中的一项或多项：所述接入网网元的拥塞等级，所述接入网网元中待传输的数据流的数据量，所述接入网网元与所述终端设备之间的信道质量指示，所述接入网网元与所述终端设备之间的空口时延，或者，所述接入网网元传输所述数据流的传输方式。
  13. 根据权利要求10至12中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述用户面功能网元向应用功能网元发送所述第二拥塞信息，包括：
    所述用户面功能网元通过网络开放功能网元向所述应用功能网元发送所述第二拥塞信息，其中，所述第二拥塞信息包括终端设备的标识信息以及所述目标业务的标识信息。
  14. 根据权利要求10至12中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述用户面功能网元向应用功能网元发送第二拥塞信息，包括：
    所述用户面功能网元生成承载所述第二拥塞信息的第一消息；
    所述用户面功能网元向所述应用功能网元发送所述第一消息；
    其中，在所述数据流是下行数据流时，所述第一消息的源地址是所述数据流的目的地址，所述第一消息的目的地址是所述数据流的源地址；或者，
    在所述数据流是下行数据流时，所述第一消息的源地址是所述数据流的目的地址，所述第一消息的目的地址是所述应用功能网元配置的应用功能网元的地址；或者，
    在所述数据流是上行数据流时，所述第一消息的源地址是所述数据流的源地址，所述第一消息的目的地址是所述数据流的目的地址；或者，
    在所述数据流是上行数据流时，所述第一消息的源地址是所述数据流的源地址，所述第一消息的目的地址是所述应用功能网元配置的应用功能网元的地址。
  15. 根据权利要求10至12中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述用户面功能网元向应用功能网元发送所述第二拥塞信息，包括：
    在所述数据流是下行数据流时，所述用户面功能网元通过所述数据流的应答消息，向所述应用功能网元发送所述第二拥塞信息；或者，
    在所述数据流是上行数据流时，所述用户面功能网元通过承载所述目标业务的数据的上行报文，向所述应用功能网元发送所述第二拥塞信息。
  16. 根据权利要求10至15中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述用户面功能网元通过所述第二拥塞信息指示所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况，包括：
    所述用户面功能网元根据所述第二拥塞信息的发送频率指示所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况；或者，
    所述第二拥塞信息包括所述用户面功能网元的拥塞等级，或所述用户面功能网元中待传输的数据流的数据量中的至少一项。
  17. 根据权利要求10至16中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述用户面功能网元根据所述第二指示信息激活所述用户面功能网元的通知功能，其中，所述用户面功能网元的通知功能用于向所述应用功能网元或所述接入网网元发送所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况。
  18. 根据权利要求10至17中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述用户面功能网元接收来自会话管理功能网元的第二拥塞获取方式或第二通知方式中的至少一项；
    在所述用户面功能网元接收到所述第二拥塞获取方式时，所述用户面功能网元根据所述第二拥塞获取方式，确定根据所述用户面功能网元中待传输的数据流的数据量获取所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况；
    在所述用户面功能网元接收到所述第二通知方式时，所述用户面功能网元根据所述第二通知方式，确定在所述待传输的数据流的数据量大于或等于第二阈值时向所述应用功能网元或所述接入网网元发送所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况，确定通过所述第二拥塞信息指示所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况，或者确定承载所述第二拥塞信息的消息中的至少一项。
  19. 根据权利要求10至18中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述用户面功能网元获取所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况，包括：
    所述用户面功能网元根据所述用户面功能网元中待传输的数据流的数据量，获取所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况。
  20. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括通信模块和处理模块；
    所述通信模块，用于接收来自会话管理功能网元的第一指示信息；
    所述处理模块，用于根据所述第一指示信息激活所述通信装置的拥塞获取功能，其中，所述拥塞获取功能用于在目标业务的数据流传输过程中获取所述通信装置的拥塞情况；以及，获取所述通信装置的拥塞情况；
    所述通信模块，还用于向用户面功能网元或终端设备发送第一拥塞信息，通过所述第一拥塞信息指示所述通信装置的拥塞情况。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的通信装置，其特征在于，所述通信模块，进一步用于：
    接收来自所述用户面功能网元的第二拥塞信息；
    所述处理模块，进一步用于根据所述第二拥塞信息获知所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况；
    所述通信模块，还用于向所述终端设备发送所述第二拥塞信息。
  22. 根据权利要求20或21所述的通信装置，其特征在于，在根据所述第二拥塞信息获知所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况时，所述处理模块具体用于：
    通过所述第二拥塞信息的接收频率获知所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况；或者，
    所述第二拥塞信息包括所述用户面功能网元的拥塞等级，或所述用户面功能网元中待传输的数据流的数据量中的至少一项。
  23. 根据权利要求20至22中任一项所述的通信装置，其特征在于，在向所述终端设备发送所述第一拥塞信息时，所述通信模块具体用于：
    通过媒体接入控制控制元素消息或高层信令，向所述终端设备发送所述第一拥塞信息。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的通信装置，其特征在于，所述处理模块，进一步用于：
    根据所述目标业务的服务质量流标识，服务质量流标识与数据无线承载标识之间的对应关系，以及数据无线承载标识与逻辑信道标识之间的对应关系，确定承载所述媒体接入控制控制元素消息的逻辑信道。
  25. 根据权利要求20至24中任一项所述的通信装置，其特征在于，在通过所述第一拥塞信息指示所述通信装置的拥塞情况时，所述处理模块，具体用于：
    通过所述第一拥塞信息的发送频率用于指示所述通信装置的拥塞情况；或者，
    所述第一拥塞信息包括如下信息中的一项或多项：所述通信装置的拥塞等级，所述通信装置中待传输的数据流的数据量，所述通信装置与所述终端设备之间的信道质量指示，所述通信装置与所述终端设备之间的空口时延，或者，所述通信装置传输所述数据流的传输方式。
  26. 根据权利要求20至25中任一项所述的通信装置，其特征在于，所述处理模块，进一步用于：
    根据所述第一指示信息激活所述通信装置的通知功能，其中，所述通知功能用于向所述用户面功能网元或所述终端设备发送所述通信装置的拥塞情况。
  27. 根据权利要求20至26中任一项所述的通信装置，其特征在于，所述通信模块，进一步用于：
    接收来自会话管理功能网元的第一拥塞获取方式或第一通知方式中的至少一项；
    在接收到所述第一拥塞获取时，所述处理模块，进一步用于根据所述第一拥塞获取方式，确定根据所述通信装置中待传输的数据流的数据量或空口资源的使用情况中的至少一 项，获取所述通信装置的拥塞情况；
    在接收到所述第一通知方式时，所述处理模块，进一步用于根据所述第一通知方式，确定在所述待传输的数据流的数据量大于或等于第一阈值时向所述用户面功能网元或所述终端设备发送所述通信装置的拥塞情况，确定通过所述第一拥塞信息指示所述通信装置的拥塞情况，或确定承载所述第一拥塞信息的消息中的至少一项。
  28. 根据权利要求20至27中任一项所述的通信装置，其特征在于，在获取所述通信装置的拥塞情况时，所述处理模块具体用于：
    根据所述通信装置中待传输的数据流的数据量或空口资源的使用情况中的至少一项，获取所述通信装置的拥塞情况。
  29. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括通信模块和处理模块；
    所述通信模块，用于接收来自会话管理功能网元的第二指示信息；
    所述处理模块，用于根据所述第二指示信息激活所述通信装置的拥塞获取功能，其中，所述拥塞获取功能用于在目标业务的数据流传输过程中获取所述通信装置的拥塞情况；以及，获取所述通信装置的拥塞情况；
    所述通信模块，还用于向应用功能网元或接入网网元发送第二拥塞信息，所述第二拥塞信息用于指示所述通信装置的拥塞情况。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的通信装置，其特征在于，所述通信模块，进一步用于：
    接收来自所述接入网网元的第一拥塞信息；
    所述处理模块，进一步用于根据所述第一拥塞信息获取所述接入网网元的拥塞情况；
    所述通信模块，还用于向所述应用功能网元发送所述第一拥塞信息。
  31. 根据权利要求30所述的通信装置，其特征在于，在根据所述第一拥塞信息获取所述接入网网元的拥塞情况时，所述处理模块，具体用于：
    根据所述第一拥塞信息的接收频率获知所述接入网网元的拥塞情况；或者，
    所述第一拥塞信息包括如下信息中的一项或多项：所述接入网网元的拥塞等级，所述接入网网元中待传输的数据流的数据量，所述接入网网元与所述终端设备之间的信道质量指示，所述接入网网元与所述终端设备之间的空口时延，或者，所述接入网网元传输所述数据流的传输方式。
  32. 根据权利要求29至31中任一项所述的通信装置，其特征在于，在向应用功能网元发送所述第二拥塞信息时，所述通信模块，具体用于：
    通过网络开放功能网元向所述应用功能网元发送所述第二拥塞信息，其中，所述第二拥塞信息包括终端设备的标识信息以及所述目标业务的标识信息。
  33. 根据权利要求29至31中任一项所述的通信装置，其特征在于，所述处理模块，进一步用于：
    生成承载所述第二拥塞信息的第一消息；
    所述通信模块，用于向所述应用功能网元发送所述第一消息；
    其中，在所述数据流是下行数据流时，所述第一消息的源地址是所述数据流的目的地址，所述第一消息的目的地址是所述数据流的源地址；或者，
    在所述数据流是下行数据流时，所述第一消息的源地址是所述数据流的目的地址，所述第一消息的目的地址是所述应用功能网元配置的应用功能网元的地址；或者，
    在所述数据流是上行数据流时，所述第一消息的源地址是所述数据流的源地址，所述 第一消息的目的地址是所述数据流的目的地址；或者，
    在所述数据流是上行数据流时，所述第一消息的源地址是所述数据流的源地址，所述第一消息的目的地址是所述应用功能网元配置的应用功能网元的地址。
  34. 根据权利要求29至31中任一项所述的通信装置，其特征在于，在向应用功能网元发送所述第二拥塞信息时，所述通信模块，具体用于：
    在所述数据流是下行数据流时，通过所述数据流的应答消息，向所述应用功能网元发送所述第二拥塞信息；或者，
    在所述数据流是上行数据流时，通过承载所述目标业务的数据的上行报文，向所述应用功能网元发送所述第二拥塞信息。
  35. 根据权利要求29至34中任一项所述的通信装置，其特征在于，在通过所述第二拥塞信息指示所述用户面功能网元的拥塞情况时，所述处理模块，具体用于：
    通过所述第二拥塞信息的发送频率指示所述通信装置的拥塞情况；或者，
    所述第二拥塞信息包括所述通信装置的拥塞等级，或所述通信装置中待传输的数据流的数据量中的至少一项。
  36. 根据权利要求29至35中任一项所述的通信装置，其特征在于，所述处理模块，进一步用于：
    根据所述第二指示信息激活所述通信装置的通知功能，所述通信装置的通知功能用于向所述应用功能网元或所述接入网网元发送所述通信装置的拥塞情况。
  37. 根据权利要求29至36中任一项所述的通信装置，其特征在于，所述通信模块，进一步用于：
    接收来自会话管理功能网元的第二拥塞获取方式或第二通知方式中的至少一项；
    在接收到所述第二拥塞获取方式时，所述处理模块，进一步用于根据所述第二拥塞获取方式，确定根据所述通信装置中待传输的数据流的数据量，获取所述通信装置的拥塞情况；
    在接收到所述第二通知方式时，所述处理模块，进一步用于根据所述第二通知方式，确定在所述待传输的数据流的数据量大于或等于第二阈值时向所述应用功能网元或所述接入网网元发送所述通信装置的拥塞情况，确定通过所述第二拥塞信息指示所述通信装置的拥塞情况，或者确定承载所述第二拥塞信息的消息中的至少一项。
  38. 根据权利要求29至37中任一项所述的通信装置，其特征在于，在获取所述通信装置的拥塞情况时，所述处理模块，具体用于：
    根据所述通信装置中待传输的数据流的数据量，获取所述通信装置的拥塞情况。
  39. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括存储器，以及一个或多个处理器，所述存储器与所述一个或多个处理器耦合；
    所述存储器用于存储计算机程序或指令，当所述计算机程序或指令被所述一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述通信装置执行如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法。
  40. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括存储器，以及一个或多个处理器，所述存储器与所述一个或多个处理器耦合；
    所述存储器用于存储计算机程序或指令，当所述计算机程序或指令被所述一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述通信装置执行如权利要求10至19中任一项所述的方法。
  41. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令， 当所述指令在计算机上运行时，使得所述计算机执行权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法。
  42. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令，当所述指令在计算机上运行时，使得所述计算机执行权利要求10至19中任一项所述的方法。
  43. 一种通信系统，其特征在于，所述通信系统包括如权利要求20至28中任一项所述的通信装置和如权利要求29至38中任一项所述的通信装置。
PCT/CN2022/141566 2021-12-31 2022-12-23 一种通信方法及通信装置 WO2023125310A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111672827.3A CN116436862A (zh) 2021-12-31 2021-12-31 一种通信方法及通信装置
CN202111672827.3 2021-12-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023125310A1 true WO2023125310A1 (zh) 2023-07-06

Family

ID=86997860

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2022/141566 WO2023125310A1 (zh) 2021-12-31 2022-12-23 一种通信方法及通信装置

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN116436862A (zh)
WO (1) WO2023125310A1 (zh)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108347746A (zh) * 2017-01-23 2018-07-31 中兴通讯股份有限公司 接入控制方法、接入网网元及用户设备
CN110392400A (zh) * 2018-04-21 2019-10-29 华为技术有限公司 一种通信方法及相关设备
CN111065120A (zh) * 2019-12-24 2020-04-24 展讯通信（上海）有限公司 蜂窝网络上行链路ecn机制的增强方法、设备及介质
CN111372283A (zh) * 2020-03-10 2020-07-03 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 拥塞控制方法及基站、用户面功能实体
CN112105053A (zh) * 2019-06-17 2020-12-18 华为技术有限公司 一种拥塞控制方法及装置
US20210160183A1 (en) * 2019-11-26 2021-05-27 Verizon Patent And Licensing Inc. Transport congestion control optimization based on network context

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108347746A (zh) * 2017-01-23 2018-07-31 中兴通讯股份有限公司 接入控制方法、接入网网元及用户设备
CN110392400A (zh) * 2018-04-21 2019-10-29 华为技术有限公司 一种通信方法及相关设备
CN112105053A (zh) * 2019-06-17 2020-12-18 华为技术有限公司 一种拥塞控制方法及装置
US20210160183A1 (en) * 2019-11-26 2021-05-27 Verizon Patent And Licensing Inc. Transport congestion control optimization based on network context
CN111065120A (zh) * 2019-12-24 2020-04-24 展讯通信（上海）有限公司 蜂窝网络上行链路ecn机制的增强方法、设备及介质
CN111372283A (zh) * 2020-03-10 2020-07-03 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 拥塞控制方法及基站、用户面功能实体

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN116436862A (zh) 2023-07-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US11910250B2 (en) Long term evolution radio access network
US20210345329A1 (en) Multi-technology aggregation architecture for long term evolution communications systems
US20210112453A1 (en) Dual Connectivity
US9572185B2 (en) Bearer split ratios for dual connectivity systems
JP4680279B2 (ja) 無線通信システムにおいてｒｌｃエンティティーの再確立を処理する方法及び装置
US11523346B2 (en) Power control in wireless communications
WO2020164613A1 (zh) 中继通信的方法和装置
WO2018202037A1 (zh) 传输数据的方法、终端设备和网络设备
US20220174546A1 (en) User Plane Information Reporting Method And Apparatus
JP2007116680A (ja) 無線通信システムにおける送信側の再確立時にタイマーを処理する方法及び装置
KR20210021059A (ko) 멀티-홉 데이터 전달에서의 서비스 품질 실현
US11259362B2 (en) Method for repeatedly transmitting data and device
WO2022110168A1 (zh) 通信配置的方法和通信装置
WO2018170856A1 (zh) 无线通信方法和设备
US10326569B2 (en) Inter-site carrier aggregation with physical uplink control channel monitoring
WO2019076347A1 (zh) 通信方法和通信装置
TW201347587A (zh) 處理分時雙工系統中資源配置的方法及其通訊裝置
US11064503B2 (en) Method and apparatus for transmitting control information
WO2020199034A1 (zh) 用于中继通信的方法和装置
WO2018171679A1 (zh) 传输rrc消息的方法、装置、终端设备和接入网设备
WO2023125310A1 (zh) 一种通信方法及通信装置
WO2021163832A1 (zh) 数据传输的方法和装置
WO2021062717A1 (zh) 一种缓冲区状态报告传输方法及装置
WO2017076454A1 (en) Initiating measuring, reporting and/or use of secondary path delay to allocate packets or bearers among primary path and secondary path in wireless network
WO2023241445A1 (zh) 数据包集合时延的处理方法、装置及通信设备

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 22914564

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1