WO2023116255A1 - 一种适用于磨料水射流钢轨打磨的可调靶距喷嘴及方法 - Google Patents

一种适用于磨料水射流钢轨打磨的可调靶距喷嘴及方法 Download PDF

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WO2023116255A1
WO2023116255A1 PCT/CN2022/131525 CN2022131525W WO2023116255A1 WO 2023116255 A1 WO2023116255 A1 WO 2023116255A1 CN 2022131525 W CN2022131525 W CN 2022131525W WO 2023116255 A1 WO2023116255 A1 WO 2023116255A1
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Prior art keywords
nozzle
target distance
annular step
water jet
pressure
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PCT/CN2022/131525
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李登
罗文悦
巫世晶
龙新平
张银龙
武子全
Original Assignee
武汉大学
中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司
沈阳奥拓福科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 武汉大学, 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司, 沈阳奥拓福科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 武汉大学
Publication of WO2023116255A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023116255A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
    • B24C5/02—Blast guns, e.g. for generating high velocity abrasive fluid jets for cutting materials
    • B24C5/04—Nozzles therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C9/00—Appurtenances of abrasive blasting machines or devices, e.g. working chambers, arrangements for handling used abrasive material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

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  • Embodiments of the present invention belong to the technical field of abrasive water jet grinding, and more specifically relate to an adjustable target distance nozzle and method suitable for grinding abrasive water jet rails.
  • Patent CN111843857A discloses a combined grinding device and method of orbital ultra-high pressure abrasive jet and pure water jet, which can combine abrasive jet and pure water jet to improve the grinding quality while retaining the hardened layer of the rail.
  • a single nozzle is mounted on the mechanical arm, so that the target distance and jet angle of the nozzle can be adjusted through the mechanical arm, but the number of nozzles equipped with this technical solution is relatively small, the cost is high, and the grinding efficiency is low. Low, so it is possible to adjust the optimal target distance of multiple nozzles by installing multiple nozzles with different jet angles on the same robot arm, so that the rails can be polished at the same time, improving the grinding efficiency of the overall device.
  • the rail grinding is generally carried out on the railway, the space is small, and the operable position is limited.
  • the present invention provides an adjustable target distance nozzle that can be independently adjusted and is easy to operate.
  • the present invention provides an adjustable target distance nozzle suitable for abrasive water jet rail grinding, including: a nozzle body, an outer cover, a lower baffle, a support frame and an upper baffle arranged on the same central axis, wherein , the support frame, the lower baffle and the outer cover are sequentially sleeved on the nozzle main body and limit its radial displacement, the outer cover is fixedly connected with the upper baffle, the nozzle main body and the upper baffle are connected by threads, and twisted
  • the nozzle main body makes it displace, thereby changing the target distance between it and the rail; and the pressure sensor arranged between the nozzle main body and the supporting frame and the spring arranged between the supporting frame and the upper baffle , through the displacement value of the nozzle main body and the pressure value measured by the pressure sensor, the upper computer calculates the elastic coefficient of the spring and generates a "pressure-displacement curve comparison table"; Curve comparison table” and the optimal target distance to generate a pressure threshold
  • the top of the outer cover is provided with a second annular step
  • the top of the lower baffle is provided with a fourth annular step
  • the top of the support frame is provided with a fifth annular step, wherein the second annular step , the inner diameter of the fourth annular step portion and the fifth annular step portion are the same as the outer diameter of the nozzle main body.
  • the bottom of the upper baffle is provided with a guide pipe, and a first external thread is provided on the outside of the top, and the first external thread is matched with the first internal thread provided on the inside of the bottom of the nozzle body.
  • the side of the fifth annular step is provided with a scale placement groove
  • the bottom and side of the upper baffle are respectively provided with a scale passage hole and a scale observation hole, wherein the scale placement groove,
  • the center point of the scale meter through hole and the scale meter observation hole is in the same section as the central axis of the upper baffle plate.
  • the pointer reads the displacement distance of the nozzle body.
  • the outer cover also includes a first annular step part provided at the bottom thereof, and a second internal thread is provided inside the first annular step part;
  • the upper baffle also includes an outer baffle part provided at the top, A second external thread is provided on the outer side of the top of the outer baffle; by matching the second internal thread and the second external thread, the outer cover and the upper baffle are fixedly connected.
  • the lower baffle further includes a third annular step at the bottom, the outer diameter of which is the same as the inner diameter of the first annular step, and the inner diameter of which is the same as the outer diameter of the fifth annular step.
  • a positioning groove is provided at the bottom of the fourth annular step part, and a positioning protrusion corresponding to the positioning groove is provided at the top of the outer baffle part.
  • the bottom of the support frame is provided with a sixth annular step, the inner diameter of which is the same as the outer diameter of the draft tube, and a spring interface is provided at the bottom.
  • a sensor wire via hole is run through the scale placement slot.
  • an adjustable target distance method suitable for abrasive water jet rail grinding comprising the following steps:
  • the rangefinder measures the distance between a single nozzle and the rail
  • the host computer calculates the distance to be adjusted for a single nozzle according to the measured distance value and the optimal target distance, and generates the pressure threshold according to the "pressure-displacement curve comparison table";
  • An adjustable target distance nozzle suitable for abrasive water jet rail grinding of the present invention is screwed into the inner side of the bottom of the nozzle main body through the first external thread and provided with a first internal thread, and the adjustable guide tube is opposite to the nozzle main body distance, and then adjust the target distance between the nozzle and the rail, avoiding the control of the target distance by the robotic arm, and when multi-nozzles work together, it can avoid the unpredictable effect of driving other nozzles due to the movement of a single nozzle, and can improve the performance of multi-nozzles.
  • the precision of the synergy ensures the quality of rail grinding; through the installation of pressure sensors and springs, a "pressure-displacement curve comparison table" is generated under the calculation of the host computer, and it can be completed by simply twisting the nozzle body to make the pressure on the spring reach the threshold
  • the adjustment of the optimal target distance has simple operation methods and high accuracy of target distance adjustment.
  • a kind of adjustable target distance nozzle applicable to abrasive water jet rail grinding of the present invention by being provided with the first annular step portion, the third annular step portion and the fifth annular step portion, the inner diameters of the three are all the same as the nozzle
  • the outer diameter of the main body is consistent, and the radial displacement of the nozzle main body can be limited after the assembly is completed, so as to avoid the vibration of the nozzle main body under the high-speed impact of the abrasive water jet, resulting in loosening of the connection with the first external thread and axial displacement.
  • the target distance of the nozzle is changed, which affects the accuracy of the target distance.
  • An accurately adjustable target distance nozzle suitable for abrasive water jet rail grinding of the present invention has a simple structure, easy assembly, small space required, high adjustment accuracy, and can play a greater role in the narrow space of rail grinding ,Improve work efficiency.
  • An adjustable target distance nozzle suitable for abrasive water jet rail grinding of the present invention is equipped with a pressure sensor.
  • the host computer will remind in time according to the pressure change. The operator makes corrections to avoid excessive grinding of the rail, further ensuring the grinding accuracy.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an adjustable target distance nozzle suitable for abrasive water jet rail grinding in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of an adjustable target distance nozzle suitable for abrasive water jet rail grinding in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is an exploded schematic diagram of an adjustable target distance nozzle suitable for abrasive water jet rail grinding in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is the structural representation of nozzle in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is the structural representation of outer cover in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of the lower baffle in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a support frame in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural view of the upper baffle in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic flow chart of an adjustable target distance method suitable for abrasive water jet rail grinding in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the same reference numerals represent the same technical features, specifically: 1-nozzle body, 101-first internal thread, 2-outer cover, 21-first annular step, 22-second annular step Part, 221-second internal thread, 3-lower baffle, 31-third annular step, 32-fourth annular step, 311-positioning groove, 4-pressure sensor, 5-support frame, 51-fifth Annular step, 52-sixth annular step, 511-slot for scale gauge, 512-sensor wire through hole, 6-upper baffle, 61-outer baffle, 611-second external thread, 612-positioning protrusion Block, 613-scale meter observation hole, 614-scale pointer, 62-drain tube, 621-first external thread, 622-third external thread, 63-bottom ring baffle part, 631-scale meter through hole, 7 -spring, 8-scale gauge.
  • the present invention provides an adjustable target distance nozzle suitable for abrasive water jet rail grinding, including a nozzle body 1, an outer cover 2, a lower baffle 3, and a support frame 5 arranged on the same central axis And the upper baffle 6, the nozzle main body 1 passes through the outer cover 2 and the lower baffle 3 in turn, and is connected with the guide tube 62 provided on the upper baffle 6 through the first internal thread 101 provided on the inner side of the lower end, and the abrasive material
  • the water jet can enter the nozzle main body 1 through the guide tube 62 and shoot out to polish the rail;
  • the outer cover 2 is sleeved on the lower baffle 3 and is fixedly connected with the upper baffle 6;
  • the lower baffle 3 is sleeved on the On the support frame 5 and limit the support frame 5 in the upper baffle plate 6, the bottom of the support frame 5 is connected with the upper baffle plate 6 through a spring 7, and the corresponding positions on the side of the support frame 5 and the bottom of the upper ba
  • the hole 613 can accurately observe the displacement distance of the nozzle main body 1; further, the bottom of the nozzle main body 1 is in conflict with the support frame 5, and a pressure sensor 4 is arranged between the two, which communicates with the host computer.
  • the elastic coefficient of the spring 7 can be measured, and a "pressure-displacement curve comparison table" can be generated at the same time.
  • the host computer can measure the adjustment distance required to adjust the optimal target distance for each nozzle according to the laser range finder, and generate the pressure threshold, adjust , just twist the nozzle body 1 to reach the set pressure threshold, and the host computer will give a prompt to complete the adjustment of the optimal target distance, without repeated adjustments based on the measurement data.
  • the target distance adjustment operation of the nozzle of the present invention is simple, has high precision, and can be operated independently without affecting other nozzles.
  • the nozzle body 1 includes a conical portion at the upper end and a cylindrical portion at the lower end, the top of the conical portion is provided with a nozzle hole, and the abrasive water jet is injected from the nozzle hole to polish the rail.
  • a first internal thread 101 is provided on the inner side of the bottom of the cylindrical part, and the target distance of the nozzle body 1 can be adjusted through the first internal thread 101 .
  • the outer cover 2 is a cylindrical structure, including a first annular step portion 21 and a second annular step portion 22 arranged on the top of the first annular step portion 21, wherein the second annular step portion
  • the inner diameter of 22 is the same as the outer diameter of the nozzle main body 1, which can limit the radial displacement of the nozzle main body 1;
  • the inner diameter of the first annular step portion 21 is the same as the outer diameter of the upper baffle plate 6, and the second inner thread 221 and The upper baffle plate 6 is fixedly connected.
  • the lower baffle plate 3 is a cylindrical structure, including a third annular step portion 31 and a fourth annular step portion 32 arranged on the top of the third annular step portion 31, the third annular step portion 31
  • the outer diameter is the same as the outer diameter of the upper baffle plate 6, wherein the inner diameter of the fourth annular step portion 32 is the same as the outer diameter of the nozzle body 1 to limit the radial displacement of the nozzle body 1; the inner diameter of the third annular step portion 31 is consistent with the support
  • the frame 5 has the same outer diameter and can be sleeved on the support frame 5, so that the support frame 5 is limited in the upper baffle plate 6; the bottom of the third annular step portion 31 is provided with a plurality of positioning grooves 311 in the circumferential direction, which are connected with the upper baffle plate. 6
  • the positioning protrusions 614 provided on the top cooperate to prevent the radial rotation of the lower baffle 3 and maintain a close fit between them.
  • the support frame 5 is a cylindrical structure, including a fifth annular step 51 and a sixth annular step 52, the outer diameter of the five annular steps 51 is the same as the inner diameter of the third annular step 31 , the inner diameter of which is the same as the sixth annular step 52 and the outer diameter of the nozzle body 1, which can limit the radial displacement of the nozzle body 1;
  • the outer side of the fifth annular step 51 has a scale placement groove 511, and the scale placement groove 511 is provided with a sensor wire via hole 512 that runs through the side wall of the fifth annular step portion 51, and the sensor wire can pass through the sensor wire via hole 512 and route along the scale placement groove 511 so as to communicate with the host computer;
  • the inner diameter of the step part 52 is the same as the inner diameter of the guide tube 62, and the support frame 5 can be sleeved on the guide tube 62 through the sixth annular step part 52; further, a spring is provided at the bottom of the sixth annular step part 52
  • the connection interface
  • the upper baffle 6 includes an outer baffle part 61 of a cylindrical structure, a bottom annular baffle part 63 arranged at the bottom of the outer baffle part 61 and a bottom annular baffle part 63 that penetrates through the bottom annular baffle part 63.
  • the guide tube 62 wherein, a second external thread 611 is provided on the outer side of the top of the outer baffle part 61, and a positioning protrusion 612 is provided on the top circumference, and the positioning protrusion 612 is inserted into the positioning groove 311 provided at the bottom of the lower baffle plate 3, and the second The outer thread 611 is screwed into the second inner thread 221 on the inner side of the bottom of the outer cover 2, so that the outer cover 2, the lower baffle 3 and the upper baffle 6 are tightly connected; There is a scale meter observation hole 613, and a scale pointer 614 is arranged in the observation hole 613.
  • the bottom annular baffle part 63 is provided with a scale gauge through hole 631 near the inner wall surface of the outer baffle plate part 61, and the central point of the observation hole 613, the scale gauge observation hole 613 and the central axis of the upper baffle plate 6 are in the same position.
  • the scale gauge 7 passes through the scale gauge through hole 631 and touches the bottom of the scale gauge placement groove 511, the displacement distance of the nozzle body 1 can be read through the scale pointer 614 arranged in the scale gauge observation hole 613;
  • the top of the baffle part 63 is provided.
  • the first external thread 621 is provided on the outside of the top of the guide tube 62, and the first external thread 621 is screwed into the first internal thread 101 provided on the inside of the bottom of the nozzle main body 1, so that the relative distance between the guide tube 62 and the nozzle main body 1 can be adjusted. , and then adjust the target distance between the nozzle and the rail; the outside of the bottom of the guide tube 62 is provided with a first external thread 621, and the guide tube 62 can be fixedly connected to the abrasive water jet delivery pipeline through the first external thread 621.
  • the inner diameters of the second annular step portion 22, the fourth annular step portion 32 and the fifth annular step portion 51 are all consistent with the outer diameter of the nozzle body 1, which can limit the diameter of the nozzle body 1 after the assembly is completed.
  • the radial displacement avoids the vibration of the nozzle main body 1 under the high-speed impact of the abrasive water jet, which causes the loose connection along the first external thread 621 to cause axial displacement, which changes the target distance of the nozzle and affects the accuracy of the target distance.
  • the support frame 5, the lower baffle plate 3, and the outer cover 2 are sequentially sleeved on the nozzle main body 1, so that the overall nozzle is tightly connected, and the stability of the nozzle is improved.
  • the nozzle main body 1 can also move through the first An internal thread 101 cooperates with the first external thread 621 to adjust the target distance by screwing.
  • the pressure sensor 4 can be an annular through-hole flexible resistive film pressure sensor, which has high precision and short response time, and can accurately detect the pressure change applied by the spring 7 when the nozzle body 1 is twisted.
  • the scale 8 can be inserted into the scale placement groove 511, and the nozzle body 1 can be twisted to displace a specified distance (observed from the scale observation hole 613 and judged according to the scale pointer 614), and the host computer records this Measure the pressure value at the same time and calculate the elastic coefficient of the spring 7 according to the specified displacement distance, and complete the calibration work before polishing;
  • the adjustment distance required for the optimal target distance of a single nozzle is calculated according to the elastic coefficient of a single nozzle.
  • the pressure threshold required by the spring 7 is calculated, and the nozzle body 1 with the corresponding number is rotated.
  • the host computer gives a prompt to complete the adjustment of the nozzle.
  • Target distance adjustment After the target distance adjustment is completed, the nozzle can eject abrasive water jets to grind the rail, and the host computer can adjust the feeding speed of the mechanical arm, the flow rate and jet pressure of the abrasive water jet according to the surface condition of the rail, and there is no need to adjust the target distance and angle of the nozzle , making the grinding method simpler, reducing the failure rate of the overall grinding device, and improving the grinding efficiency.
  • the upper computer promptly reminds the operator to make corrections according to the pressure change, so as to avoid excessive grinding of the rail and further ensure the grinding accuracy.
  • the present invention also provides an adjustable target distance method suitable for abrasive water jet rail grinding, comprising the following steps:
  • the distance meter measures the distance between a single nozzle and the rail
  • the host computer calculates the distance to be adjusted for a single nozzle according to the measured distance value and the optimal target distance, and generates the pressure threshold according to the "pressure-displacement curve comparison table";

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Abstract

一种适用于磨料水射流钢轨打磨的可调靶距喷嘴及方法，包括设于同一中心轴线上的喷嘴主体（1）、外罩（2）、下挡板（3）、支撑架（5）及上挡板（6），喷嘴主体（1）通过螺纹与上挡板（6）连接，拧动喷嘴主体（1）位移可调节喷嘴靶距；外罩（2）、下挡板（3）及支撑架（5）套设于喷嘴主体（1）上限制其径向位移；喷嘴主体（1）与支撑架（5）之间设有压力传感器（4），支撑架（5）与上挡板（6）之间设有弹簧（7），通过刻度计（8）与读取的压力值测出弹簧（7）弹性系数，上位机根据弹性系数生成"压力-位移曲线对照表"，在测出喷嘴最优靶距所需调节距离后，上位机给出压力阈值，拧动喷嘴主体（1）使弹簧（7）受到的压力达到阈值即可完成最优靶距的调节工作；喷嘴可独立调节，不影响其它喷嘴靶距精度，操作方法简单，靶距调节精度高。

Description

一种适用于磨料水射流钢轨打磨的可调靶距喷嘴及方法 技术领域
本发明的实施例属于磨料水射流打磨技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种适用于磨料水射流钢轨打磨的可调靶距喷嘴及方法。
背景技术
随着我国高铁的大量建设和运营，高钢轨道的维修养护就成为一项重要课题。目前，钢轨打磨的主要方式是通过砂轮磨削轨道表面金属，修复钢轨表面的损伤。然而，传统的砂轮打磨方式存在很多不足，其中最主要的问题包括热影响及加工精度较低。因此，有研究人员对如何进行钢轨打磨进行了研究。高压磨料水射流技术由于具有加工效率高，结构简单，方便控制等优点，在切割、钻孔方面应用广泛，故将高压磨料水射流技术运用到钢轨打磨中具有较好的前景。
专利CN111843857A公开了一种轨道超高压磨料射流与纯水射流联合打磨装置及方法，能将磨料射流与纯水射流结合起来，在保留钢轨硬化层的同时，提高了打磨质量。
此专利中，将单个喷嘴搭载在机械臂上，从而通过机械臂来调整喷嘴的靶距及射流入射角度，但采用此种技术方案的装置搭载的喷嘴数量较少，成本较高，打磨效率较低，因此可以通过在同一机械臂上搭载有多个射流入射角度不同的喷嘴，调整多个喷嘴的最优靶距，进而能同时对钢轨进行打磨工作，提高了整体装置的打磨效率。此种技术方案中，由于钢轨打磨一般在铁路上进行，空间小，可操作位置有限，而采用多喷头协同对钢轨打磨，针对单个的喷嘴调节较为不便，且需根据测量数据不断进行调节从而达到最优靶距，工作量较大且比较繁琐，同时针对单个喷嘴通过机械臂 来调节靶距会带动其它喷嘴位置变动，使其它喷嘴靶距精确度降低，会导致打磨出现失误。因此，设计一个可精确独立调节靶距且靶距调节工序简单的喷嘴，对实现钢轨打磨的推广和意义具有重要意义。
发明内容
针对现有技术的喷嘴不能独立调节且调节操作繁琐，本发明提供可独立调节、操作简单的可调靶距喷嘴。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供一种适用于磨料水射流钢轨打磨的可调靶距喷嘴，包括：设于同一中心轴线上的喷嘴主体、外罩、下挡板、支撑架及上挡板，其中，所述支撑架、下挡板及外罩依次套设于喷嘴主体上并限制其径向位移，所述外罩与上挡板固定连接，所述喷嘴主体与上挡板通过螺纹进行连接，拧动所述喷嘴主体使其产生位移，从而改变其与钢轨之间的靶距；以及设于所述喷嘴主体与支撑架之间的压力传感器和设于所述支撑架与上挡板之间的弹簧，通过所述喷嘴主体位移值及压力传感器测得压力值，上位机计算出弹簧弹性系数并生成“压力-位移曲线对照表”；通过测出喷嘴与钢轨距离值，上位机依据“压力-位移曲线对照表”和最优靶距生成压力阈值，拧动所述喷嘴主体使压力传感器检测的压力值达到压力阈值，完成靶距的调节工作。
进一步地，所述外罩顶部设有第二环形台阶部，所述下挡板顶部设有第四环形台阶部，所述支撑架顶部设有第五环形台阶部，其中所述第二环形台阶部、第四环形台阶部及第五环形台阶部的内径与喷嘴主体的外径相同。
进一步地，所述上挡板底部贯穿设有导流管，其顶部外侧设有第一外螺纹，所述第一外螺纹与所述喷嘴主体底部内侧设有的第一内螺纹相匹配。
进一步地，所述第五环形台阶部侧边设有刻度计放置槽，所述上挡板底部及侧边分别贯穿设有刻度计过孔和刻度计观察孔，其中所述刻度计放置槽、刻度计过孔和刻度计观察孔的中心点与上挡板的中心轴线处于同一 截面内，刻度计穿过刻度计过孔抵触到刻度计放置槽底部，通过设于刻度计观察孔内的刻度指针读出喷嘴主体位移距离。
进一步地，所述外罩还包括设于其底部的第一环形台阶部，所述第一环形台阶部内侧设有第二内螺纹；所述上挡板还包括设于顶部的外侧挡板部，所述外侧挡板部顶部外侧设第二外螺纹；通过相匹配所述第二内螺纹和第二外螺纹，外罩与上挡板实现固定连接。
进一步地，所述下挡板还包括设于底部的第三环形台阶部，其外径与所述第一环形台阶部的内径相同，其内径与第所述五环形台阶部外径相同。
进一步地，所述第四环形台阶部底部设有定位槽，所述外侧挡板部顶部设有与所述定位槽相应的定位凸块。
进一步地，所述支撑架底部设有第六环形台阶部，其内径与导流管的外径相同，其底部设有弹簧接口。
进一步地，所述刻度计放置槽上贯穿设有传感器导线过孔。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供一种适用于磨料水射流钢轨打磨的可调靶距方法，包括如下步骤：
S1：在刻度计放置槽内插入刻度计，拧动喷嘴主体位移设定距离，上位机根据压力值校准单个喷嘴的弹性系数，同时生成“压力-位移曲线对照表”；
S2：测距仪测出单个喷嘴与钢轨距离值；
S3：上位机根据测得距离值与最优靶距计算出单个喷嘴需调整距离，依据“压力-位移曲线对照表”生成压力阈值；
S4：拧动喷嘴主体使压力传感器检测的压力值达到压力阈值，上位机给出提示并完成靶距的调节。
总体而言，通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案与现有技术相比，能够取得下列有益效果：
(1)本发明的一种适用于磨料水射流钢轨打磨的可调靶距喷嘴，通过 第一外螺纹拧入喷嘴主体底部内侧设有第一内螺纹内，可调整导流管与喷嘴主体相对距离，进而来调节喷嘴与钢轨之间的靶距，避免了通过机械臂控制靶距，在多喷头协同工作时，能避免因为单个喷嘴运动而带动其它喷嘴运动的不可预计效果，能提高多喷头协同作用的精度，保证钢轨打磨质量；通过设有压力传感器和弹簧，在上位机的计算下生成“压力-位移曲线对照表”，只需拧动喷嘴主体使弹簧受到的压力达到阈值即可完成最优靶距的调节工作，操作方法简单，靶距调节精度高。
(2)本发明的一种适用于磨料水射流钢轨打磨的可调靶距喷嘴，通过设有第一环形台阶部、第三环形台阶部及第五环形台阶部，三者的内径均与喷嘴主体的外径一致，在装配完成后可限制喷嘴主体的径向位移，避免在磨料水射流的高速冲击下，喷嘴主体发生振动导致其与第一外螺纹的连接产生松动从而出现轴向位移，使喷嘴靶距发生变化，影响其靶距精度。
(3)本发明的一种适用于磨料水射流钢轨打磨的可精确调节靶距喷嘴，结构简单，装配容易，所需空间小，调节精度高，能在钢轨打磨的狭小空间里发挥更大作用，提高了工作效率。
(4)本发明的一种适用于磨料水射流钢轨打磨的可调靶距喷嘴，通过设有压力传感器，在打磨过程中喷嘴主体连接松动导致靶距改变时，上位机根据压力变化了及时提醒操作人员进行修正，避免对钢轨造成过度打磨，进一步保证了打磨精度。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中一种适用于磨料水射流钢轨打磨的可调靶距喷嘴的截面示意图；
图2为本发明实施例中一种适用于磨料水射流钢轨打磨的可调靶距喷嘴的结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例中一种适用于磨料水射流钢轨打磨的可调靶距喷嘴的分解示意图；
图4为本发明实施例中喷嘴的结构示意图；
图5为本发明实施例中外罩的结构示意图；
图6为本发明实施例中下挡板的结构示意图；
图7为本发明实施例中支撑架的结构示意图；
图8为本发明实施例中上挡板的结构示意图
图9为本发明实施例中一种适用于磨料水射流钢轨打磨的可调靶距方法流程示意图；
在所有附图中，同样的附图标记表示相同的技术特征，具体为：1-喷嘴主体、101-第一内螺纹、2-外罩、21-第一环形台阶部、22-第二环形台阶部、221-第二内螺纹、3-下挡板、31-第三环形台阶部、32-第四环形台阶部、311-定位槽、4-压力传感器、5-支撑架、51-第五环形台阶部、52-第六环形台阶部、511-刻度计放置槽、512-传感器导线过孔、6-上挡板、61-外侧挡板部、611-第二外螺纹、612-定位凸块、613-刻度计观察孔、614-刻度指针、62-导流管、621-第一外螺纹、622-第三外螺纹、63-底部环形挡板部、631-刻度计过孔、7-弹簧、8-刻度计。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。此外，下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
如图1-8所示，本发明提供一种适用于磨料水射流钢轨打磨的可调靶距喷嘴，包括设于同一中心轴线上的喷嘴主体1、外罩2、下挡板3、支撑架5及上挡板6，所述喷嘴主体1依次穿过外罩2、下挡板3，通过其下端内侧设有的第一内螺纹101与设于上挡板6上的导流管62连接，磨料水射流可通过导流管62进入喷嘴主体1内后射出对钢轨进行打磨；所述外罩2 套设于下挡板3上并与上挡板6固定连接；所述下挡板3套设于支撑架5上并将支撑架5限位于上挡板6内，支撑架5底部通过设有弹簧7与上挡板6连接，支撑架5一侧及上挡板6底部相应位置分别设有刻度计放置槽511及刻度计过孔631，刻度计8可通过刻度计过孔631放置于刻度计放置槽511内，拧动喷嘴主体1，可通过上挡板6一侧设有的刻度计观察孔613可精确观察到喷嘴主体1位移距离；进一步地，所述喷嘴主体1底部与支撑架5抵触，两者之间设有压力传感器4，其与上位机通信相连，通过与刻度计8配合可测出弹簧7的弹性系数，同时生成“压力-位移曲线对照表”，上位机根据激光测距仪测出每个喷嘴所需调节最优靶距所需调节距离，并生成压力阈值，调节时，只需拧动喷嘴主体1到达设定压力阈值，上位机给出提示即可完成最优靶距的调节工作，无需根据测量数据不断重复进行调节。本发明的喷嘴其靶距调节操作简单，精度高，且可独立操作，不会对其它喷嘴造成影响。
如图4所示，所述喷嘴主体1包括设于上端的圆锥部和下端的圆筒部，所述圆锥部顶部设有喷孔，磨料水射流从喷孔处射出对钢轨进行打磨，所述圆筒部底部内侧设有第一内螺纹101，通过第一内螺纹101可调节喷嘴主体1的靶距。
如图5所示，所述外罩2为圆筒状结构，包括第一环形台阶部21及设于第一环形台阶部21顶部的第二环形台阶部22，其中，所述第二环形台阶部22内径与喷嘴主体1外径相同，可限制喷嘴主体1径向位移；所述第一环形台阶部21内径与上挡板6外径相同，通过在其底部内侧设有第二内螺纹221与上挡板6固定连接。
如图6所示，所述下挡板3为圆筒状结构，包括第三环形台阶部31和设于第三环形台阶部31顶部的第四环形台阶部32，第三环形台阶部31的外径与上挡板6的外径相同，其中，所述第四环形台阶部32内径与喷嘴主体1外径相同，限制喷嘴主体1径向位移；所述第三环形台阶部31内径与 支撑架5外径相同，可套设于支撑架5上，将支撑架5限位于上挡板6内；所述第三环形台阶部31底部上周向设有多个定位槽311，其与上挡板6顶部设有的定位凸块614相配合，可防止下挡板3径向转动，可保持彼此间的紧密配合。
如图7所示，所述支撑架5为圆筒状结构，包括第五环形台阶部51和第六环形台阶部52，所述五环形台阶部51外径与第三环形台阶部31内径相同，其内径与第六环形台阶部52及喷嘴主体1的外径相同，可限制喷嘴主体1径向位移；所述第五环形台阶部51外侧上开有刻度计放置槽511，刻度计放置槽511内设有贯穿第五环形台阶部51侧壁的传感器导线过孔512，传感器导线可穿过传感器导线过孔512沿刻度计放置槽511进行布线从而与上位机通信相连；所述第六环形台阶部52内径与导流管62内径相同，所述支撑架5可通过第六环形台阶部52套设于导流管62上；进一步地，所述第六环形台阶部52底部还设有弹簧连接接口，可接入弹簧7实现与上挡板6的连接。
如图8所示，所述上挡板6包括圆筒状结构的外侧挡板部61，设于外侧挡板部61底部的底部环形挡板部63及贯穿设于底部环形挡板部63上的导流管62，其中，外侧挡板部61顶部外侧设第二外螺纹611，顶部周向设有定位凸块612，通过定位凸块612嵌入下挡板3底部设有的定位槽311，第二外螺纹611拧入外罩2底部内侧设有第二内螺纹221内，使外罩2、下挡板3及上挡板6三者实现紧密连接；所述外侧挡板部61侧壁上还贯穿设有刻度计观察孔613，观察孔613内设有刻度指针614，通过刻度计观察孔613及刻度指针614可精确观察判断刻度计位8移距离。所述底部环形挡板部63上靠近外侧挡板部61内壁面处贯穿设有刻度计过孔631，所述观察孔613、刻度计观察孔613的中心点与上挡板6的中心轴线处于同一截面内，刻度计7穿过刻度计过孔631抵触到刻度计放置槽511底部时，可通过设于刻度计观察孔613内的刻度指针614读出喷嘴主体1位移距离；所述底 部环形挡板部63顶部设有。所述导流管62顶部外侧设有第一外螺纹621，通过第一外螺纹621拧入喷嘴主体1底部内侧设有第一内螺纹101内，可调整导流管62与喷嘴主体1相对距离，进而来调节喷嘴与钢轨之间的靶距；所述导流管62底部外侧设有第一外螺纹621，通过第一外螺纹621可实现导流管62与磨料水射流输送管道固定连接。
本发明的可调靶距喷嘴在装配时，首先将压力传感器4放置于支撑架5的第六环形台阶部52顶部，将其导线穿过传感器导线过孔512，沿刻度计放置槽511平贴放置，进而从底部环形挡板部63的顶部穿过刻度计过孔631与上位机通信相连，导线可采用胶带或胶水使其与刻度计放置槽511紧密贴合，防止其阻挡刻度计8的伸入；完成压力传感器4的装配后，通过弹簧7连接支撑架5与上挡板6，将支撑架5套设于导流管62上；将喷嘴主体1底部压设于压力于感器4上，并通过第一内螺纹101与导流管62连接；将下挡板套设于喷嘴主体1上，并将其底部的定位槽611嵌合在上挡板6顶部的定位凸块612上；将外罩2穿过喷嘴主体1套设于下挡板3上，并通过第二内螺纹221与上挡板6固定连接，完成本发明的可调靶距喷嘴的装配工作。
本发明实施例中，所述第二环形台阶部22、第四环形台阶部32及第五环形台阶部51的内径均与喷嘴主体1的外径一致，在装配完成后可限制喷嘴主体1的径向位移，避免在磨料水射流的高速冲击下，喷嘴主体1发生振动导致其沿第一外螺纹621连接松动产生轴向位移，使喷嘴靶距发生变化，影响其靶距精度。本发明实施例中通过支撑架5、下挡板3、外罩2依次套设于喷嘴主体1上，使整体喷嘴紧密连接，提高了喷嘴的稳定性，同时，喷嘴主体1还可活动地通过第一内螺纹101与第一外螺纹621配合下进行拧动调节靶距。
本发明实施例中，所述压力传感器4可采用环形通孔柔性电阻薄膜压力传感器，其精度高、响应时间短，在拧动喷嘴主体1时，可精确地检测 到弹簧7施加的压力变化。在调整靶距前，可在刻度计放置槽511内插入刻度计8，拧动喷嘴主体1位移指定距离(可从刻度计观察孔613内观察并根据刻度指针614进行判断)，上位机记录此时测得压力值并根据指定位移距离计算出弹簧7的弹性系数，完成打磨前的校准工作；在完成多个喷嘴角度调整后，根据测距仪测出单个喷嘴与钢轨距离，上位机得出单个喷嘴最优靶距所需调整距离，根据单个喷嘴的弹性系数计算出弹簧7所需施加的压力阈值，拧动对应编号的喷嘴主体1，达到压力阈值后上位机给出提示完成对喷嘴的靶距调节。完成靶距调节后，喷嘴可喷出磨料水射流对钢轨进行打磨工作，上位机可根据钢轨表面状况调整机械臂给进速度及磨料水射流的流量及射流压力，无需再调整喷嘴靶距和角度，使打磨方式更加简单，减少了整体打磨装置的故障率，同时也提高了打磨效率。在打磨过程中喷嘴主体1连接松动导致靶距改变时，上位机根据压力变化了及时提醒操作人员进行修正，避免对钢轨造成过度打磨，进一步保证了打磨精度。
如图9所示，本发明还提供一种适用于磨料水射流钢轨打磨的可调靶距方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：在刻度计放置槽511内插入刻度计8，拧动喷嘴主体1位移设定距离，上位机根据压力值校准单个喷嘴的弹性系数，同时生成“压力-位移曲线对照表”；
S2:测距仪测出单个喷嘴与钢轨距离值；
S3：上位机根据测得距离值与最优靶距计算出单个喷嘴需调整距离，依据“压力-位移曲线对照表”生成压力阈值；
S4：拧动喷嘴主体1使压力传感器检测的压力值达到压力阈值，上位机给出提示并完成靶距的调节。
本领域的技术人员容易理解，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种适用于磨料水射流钢轨打磨的可调靶距喷嘴，其特征在于，包括：
    设于同一中心轴线上的喷嘴主体(1)、外罩(2)、下挡板(3)、支撑架(5)及上挡板(6)，其中，所述支撑架(5)、下挡板(3)及外罩(2)依次套设于喷嘴主体(1)上并限制其径向位移，所述外罩(2)与上挡板(6)固定连接，所述喷嘴主体(1)与上挡板(6)通过螺纹进行连接，拧动所述喷嘴主体(1)使其产生位移，从而改变其与钢轨之间的靶距；
    以及设于所述喷嘴主体(1)与支撑架(5)之间的压力传感器(4)和设于所述支撑架(5)与上挡板(6)之间的弹簧(7)，通过所述喷嘴主体(1)位移值及压力传感器(4)测得压力值，上位机计算出弹簧(7)弹性系数并生成“压力-位移曲线对照表”；
    通过测出喷嘴与钢轨距离值，上位机依据“压力-位移曲线对照表”和最优靶距生成压力阈值，拧动所述喷嘴主体(1)使压力传感器检测的压力值达到压力阈值，完成靶距的调节工作。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于磨料水射流钢轨打磨的可调靶距喷嘴，其特征在于，所述外罩(2)顶部设有第二环形台阶部(22)，所述下挡板(3)顶部设有第四环形台阶部(32)，所述支撑架(5)顶部设有第五环形台阶部(51)，其中所述第二环形台阶部(22)、第四环形台阶部(32)及第五环形台阶部(51)的内径与喷嘴主体(1)的外径相同。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种适用于磨料水射流钢轨打磨的可调靶距喷嘴，其特征在于，所述上挡板(6)底部贯穿设有导流管(62)，其顶部外侧设有第一外螺纹(621)，所述第一外螺纹(621)与所述喷嘴主体(1)底部内侧设有的第一内螺纹(101)相匹配。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种适用于磨料水射流钢轨打磨的可调靶距喷嘴，其特征在于，所述第五环形台阶部(51)侧边设有刻度计放置槽(511)，所述上挡板(6)底部及侧边分别贯穿设有刻度计过孔(631)和刻度计观察孔(613)，其中所述刻度计放置槽(511)、刻度计过孔(631)和刻度计观察孔(613)的中心点与上挡板(6)的中心轴线处于同一截面内，刻度计(8)穿过刻度计过孔(631)抵触到刻度计放置槽(511)底部，通过设于刻度计观察孔(613)内的刻度指针(614)读出喷嘴主体(1)位移距离。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种适用于磨料水射流钢轨打磨的可调靶距喷嘴，其特征在于，所述外罩(2)还包括设于其底部的第一环形台阶部(21)，所述第一环形台阶部(21)底部内侧设有第二内螺纹(221)；所述上挡板(6)还包括设于顶部的外侧挡板部(61)，所述外侧挡板部(61)顶部外侧设第二外螺纹(611)；通过相匹配所述第二内螺纹(221)和第二外螺纹(611)，外罩(2)与上挡板(6)实现固定连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种适用于磨料水射流钢轨打磨的可调靶距喷嘴，其特征在于，所述下挡板(3)还包括设于底部的第三环形台阶部(31)，其外径与所述第一环形台阶部(21)的内径相同，其内径与第所述五环形台阶部(51)外径相同。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种适用于磨料水射流钢轨打磨的可调靶距喷嘴，其特征在于，所述第四环形台阶部(31)底部设有定位槽(311)，所述外侧挡板部(61)顶部设有与所述定位槽(311)相应的定位凸块(612)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种适用于磨料水射流钢轨打磨的可调靶距喷嘴，其特征在于，所述支撑架(5)底部设有第六环形台阶部(52)，其内径与导流管的外径相同，其底部设有弹簧接口。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种适用于磨料水射流钢轨打磨的可调靶距喷嘴，其特征在于，所述刻度计放置槽(511)上贯穿设有传感器导线过孔 (512)。
  10. 一种适用于磨料水射流钢轨打磨的可调靶距方法，其特征在于，应用如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的一种适用于磨料水射流钢轨打磨的可调靶距喷嘴实现，包括如下步骤：
    S1：在刻度计放置槽(511)内插入刻度计(8)，拧动喷嘴主体(1)位移设定距离，上位机根据压力值校准单个喷嘴的弹性系数，同时生成“压力-位移曲线对照表”；
    S2:测距仪测出单个喷嘴与钢轨距离值；
    S3：上位机根据测得距离值与最优靶距计算出单个喷嘴需调整距离，依据“压力-位移曲线对照表”生成压力阈值；
    S4：拧动喷嘴主体(1)使压力传感器检测的压力值达到压力阈值，上位机给出提示并完成靶距的调节。
PCT/CN2022/131525 2021-12-23 2022-11-11 一种适用于磨料水射流钢轨打磨的可调靶距喷嘴及方法 WO2023116255A1 (zh)

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