WO2023116073A1 - 一种改进的输尿管鞘 - Google Patents

一种改进的输尿管鞘 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023116073A1
WO2023116073A1 PCT/CN2022/118402 CN2022118402W WO2023116073A1 WO 2023116073 A1 WO2023116073 A1 WO 2023116073A1 CN 2022118402 W CN2022118402 W CN 2022118402W WO 2023116073 A1 WO2023116073 A1 WO 2023116073A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sheath
section
tube
seat
exhaust groove
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PCT/CN2022/118402
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李芳柄
郦兴
郑鹏
郑兴荣
彭守强
李雪影
吴秋菊
Original Assignee
浙江医高医疗科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023116073A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023116073A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A61B17/3415—Trocars; Puncturing needles for introducing tubes or catheters, e.g. gastrostomy tubes, drain catheters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A61B17/3417—Details of tips or shafts, e.g. grooves, expandable, bendable; Multiple coaxial sliding cannulas, e.g. for dilating
    • A61B17/3421—Cannulas
    • A61B17/3423—Access ports, e.g. toroid shape introducers for instruments or hands
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A61B17/3417—Details of tips or shafts, e.g. grooves, expandable, bendable; Multiple coaxial sliding cannulas, e.g. for dilating
    • A61B17/3421—Cannulas
    • A61B17/3439—Cannulas with means for changing the inner diameter of the cannula, e.g. expandable
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A61B17/3498—Valves therefor, e.g. flapper valves, slide valves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A61B17/3417—Details of tips or shafts, e.g. grooves, expandable, bendable; Multiple coaxial sliding cannulas, e.g. for dilating
    • A61B17/3421—Cannulas
    • A61B17/3439—Cannulas with means for changing the inner diameter of the cannula, e.g. expandable
    • A61B2017/3441—Cannulas with means for changing the inner diameter of the cannula, e.g. expandable with distal sealing means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A61B17/3417—Details of tips or shafts, e.g. grooves, expandable, bendable; Multiple coaxial sliding cannulas, e.g. for dilating
    • A61B2017/3454—Details of tips

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of urinary medical instruments, and in particular relates to an improved ureteral sheath.
  • the ureteral sheath is used in urological surgery to establish a passage for the endoscope and other instruments to enter the urinary tract.
  • a spiral steel wire is embedded in the wall of the ureteral sheath, so that the ureteral sheath has With strong elasticity and certain hardness, it cannot be bent and shaped in a short distance, and the end of the ureteral sheath cannot be close to the lesion area, and some blood clots, small stones, and purulent flocs are not discharged from the ureteral sheath during the operation.
  • the end of the ureteral sheath is too rigid and cannot be bent so that the lesion cannot be approached at close range, which increases the difficulty and time of the operation.
  • the introducer sheath also has a negative pressure suction function, so the endoscope needs to be sealed with the guide sheath; when the existing endoscope uses a sealing valve to seal with the guide sheath, since the dilator needs to be inserted or pulled out, There is interference between the existing sealing valve and the installation position of the dilator, so that the doctor must install the sealing valve after removing the dilator, and then insert the endoscope, and the surface of the endoscope is in contact with the sealing valve, which may easily cause the insertion of the endoscope Difficult, the doctor's operation is complicated and laborious.
  • an improved ureteral sheath which includes:
  • An introducing sheath which includes a sheath tube and a sheath seat installed at the proximal end of the sheath tube, the sheath seat has a tube section communicated with the sheath tube and a connecting portion arranged at the distal end of the tube section; the connecting portion includes at least two A buckle provided at the distal end of the pipe section, the buckle is bent towards the inside relative to the central axis of the pipe section; the sheath and the pipe section integrally define a central passage through from the proximal end to the distal end; the sheath tube is from the The proximal end has a main body section and a head section arranged at the distal end of the main body section toward the distal end, the main body section is composed of a hard pipe section, and the head section is composed of a deformable pipe section.
  • the pipe section communicates and extends outward compared with its central axis to form a negative pressure connecting pipe
  • the pipe wall of the negative pressure connecting pipe is provided with an open exhaust groove
  • the sealing cover of the exhaust groove is provided with a sliding cover
  • the The sliding cover can slide compared with the exhaust groove, and the opening area of the exhaust groove can be adjusted by sliding the sliding cover, thereby adjusting the negative pressure;
  • the dilator includes a catheter and a dilator seat installed at the proximal end of the catheter, the catheter is arranged through the central passage, the dilator seat includes a seat body and at least two elastic lugs symmetrically arranged on the seat body, the seat The body is connected to the distal end of the catheter, and the elastic lugs extend outward relative to the seat body, and the elastic lugs can be buckled and connected with the buckle;
  • a tapered sealing ring which is arranged at the pipe section of the sheath seat, the tapered sealing ring forms an entrance for the conduit to seal and penetrate, and a plurality of ribs are formed on the inner wall of the tapered sealing ring;
  • the gland which is fixedly installed at the pipe section of the sheath base, has an opening through which the conduit passes, and at least the upper edge of the tapered sealing ring is connected with the gland.
  • the base body is a tube base connected to the conduit, and the tube base is provided with two elastic arms extending outward relative to its central axis, and tail ends of the elastic arms form hangers.
  • the cross-sectional area of the pipe section gradually decreases from the proximal end to the distal end; two limiting platforms are symmetrically arranged on the upper side of the pipe section, and the elastic lugs can stop on the limiting platforms.
  • the exhaust groove is extended along the length of the pipe wall, and the sliding cover is clamped on the inner edge of the exhaust groove through a slider; two locking blocks are arranged symmetrically on the inner side of the sliding cover, The clamping block extends into the exhaust groove and abuts against the inner sides of the left and right edges respectively, and the clamping block can slide linearly along the two edges of the exhaust groove.
  • the tapered sealing ring includes a tapered wall defining a tapered channel, the tapered wall has a first annular edge located proximally and a second annular edge located distally,
  • the inner wall of the tapered wall is circumferentially provided with a plurality of ribs extending from the first annular edge toward the second annular edge.
  • the pressing cover includes a cover body and a tapered ring pressed against the inner wall of the tapered wall at the inlet side.
  • the tapered sealing ring is a rubber ring, and the caliber defined by the second annular edge of the rubber ring can be sealingly engaged with the catheter of the dilator.
  • the deformable pipe section is a hose.
  • the length of the head section is set to match the longitudinal length of the curved portion of the endoscope.
  • the rigid pipe section and the deformable pipe section are integrally formed or bonded together.
  • the elastic lugs of the dilator seat are fastened to the buckle of the sheath seat, and the sheath tube can be taken out by rotating left and right or pinching the left and right ears inward, which is convenient for introduction and easy to operate.
  • the invention improves the sealing valve of the sheath tube to ensure the sealing of the negative pressure channel in the sheath tube, and the design of the ribs can reduce the tension force of the sealing valve on the insertion device and reduce the resistance of the user when inserting the device.
  • the area of the open exhaust groove can be adjusted by manually sliding the sliding cover of the rod, and then the negative pressure suction pressure can be adjusted.
  • the ureteral sheath provided by the present invention can ensure that the head section of the ureteral sheath can be bent along with the bending part of the endoscope, so that it can enter the deep part of the renal pelvis forming a negative angle with the ureter, and can efficiently and thoroughly absorb gravel, reducing the Surgical difficulty and operation time.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the ureteral sheath provided by the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the structural sectional view of the ureteral sheath provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is the structural representation of sealing valve provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the introducer sheath provided by the present invention.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, or an internal connection between two components. Connectivity can be direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediary. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms according to specific situations.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a ureteral sheath with an improved installation structure
  • the ureteral sheath includes a guide sheath and a dilator 3, through the improved installation structure, the dilator can better integrate with the guide sheath Removable assembly;
  • the ureteral sheath provided in this embodiment includes the following structure:
  • the introducer sheath includes a sheath tube 1 and a sheath seat installed at the proximal end of the sheath tube, and the sheath seat 2 has a tube section 20 communicated with the sheath tube and a connecting portion 21 arranged at the distal end of the tube section; the connecting portion 21 includes At least two buckles 21 arranged at the distal end of the pipe section, the buckle 21 is bent towards the inside relative to the central axis of the pipe section 20; Central channel 100;
  • the dilator 3 includes a catheter 31 and a dilator seat 32 installed at the proximal end of the catheter 31.
  • the catheter 31 is arranged through the central channel 100.
  • the dilator seat 32 includes a seat body 320 and at least two symmetrically arranged on the seat body 320.
  • Elastic lugs 35, the base body 320 is connected to the distal end of the catheter 31, the elastic lugs 35 extend outward relative to the base body 320, and the elastic lugs 35 can be snap-connected with the buckle member 21;
  • the seat body 320 is a pipe seat connected with the conduit 31, and the pipe seat is provided with two elastic arms 321 extending outward relative to its central axis, and the tail ends of the elastic arms form a hanger.
  • the ear 35 specifically, a Luer connector 33 is connected to the tube base.
  • the cross-sectional area of the tube section 20 gradually decreases from the proximal end to the distal end, which facilitates the insertion of the dilator.
  • the upper side of the pipe section 20 is symmetrically provided with two limiting platforms 21, and the two limiting platforms constitute a buckle, and the elastic lugs 35 can stop on the limiting platforms 21. .
  • the elastic lugs 35 of the dilator can be fixed on the limit table, and the dilator can be taken out by rotating left and right or pinching the left and right ears inwardly. The whole process is easy to operate, and it is convenient for doctors to apply force.
  • the dilator seat provided by the present invention is installed on the inside of the guide sheath, which can be taken out instantaneously by rotating or pinching inwards, and it is easier to operate the dilator when installed inwards, and the operation is more labor-saving and smooth .
  • the ureteral sheath provided in this embodiment also includes a conical sealing ring 22 and a gland 23, the conical sealing ring 22 is arranged in the tube section 20 of the sheath seat 2, and the conical sealing ring 22 forms an inlet 220 for the catheter to seal and pass through , it can be seen in conjunction with Fig.
  • the tapered sealing ring includes a tapered wall defining a tapered passage, the tapered wall has a proximally located first annular edge 220 and a distally located second annular edge 222, the inner wall of the tapered wall is circumferentially spaced with a plurality of ribs 221 extending from the first annular edge 220 toward the second annular edge 222; in this way, when the catheter of the dilator passes through the sheath, it forms a sealing valve. Linear friction eliminates the original surface contact, and pushes in more effortlessly.
  • the gland 23 includes a cover body and a tapered ring that is pressed against the inner wall of the tapered wall inlet side, so that the sealing valve can be better supported and the sealing valve can be avoided when the dilator enters and exits the sheath.
  • the tapered sealing ring is a rubber ring, and it can be understood that the caliber defined by the second annular edge of the rubber ring can be in sealing contact with the catheter of the dilator.
  • the invention improves the sealing valve of the sheath tube to ensure the sealing of the negative pressure channel in the sheath tube, and the design of the ribs can reduce the tension force of the sealing valve on the insertion device and reduce the resistance of the user when inserting the device.
  • the pipe section 20 provided in this embodiment communicates and extends outward compared with its central axis to form a negative pressure connecting pipe 24.
  • the pipe wall of the negative pressure connecting pipe 24 is provided with an open exhaust groove 25, and a sealing cover is provided on the exhaust groove 25.
  • the slide cover 26 can slide compared to the exhaust groove 25, the open area of the exhaust groove 25 can be adjusted by sliding the slide cover 26, and then the negative pressure is adjusted; After the suction device is connected, the suction pressure is fixed, and the suction pressure can be adjusted by sliding the slide cover; it solves the cumbersome problem of the existing manual plugging, the operation is convenient and fast, the efficiency is improved, and the pressure adjustment process is stable and controllable; in some preferred embodiments Among them, the exhaust groove 25 is extended along the length of the tube wall, and the sliding cover is clamped on the inner edge 251 of the exhaust groove through a sliding piece. Specifically, two locking blocks 261, 262 are arranged symmetrically on the inner side of the sliding cover 26.
  • the locking blocks 261, 262 protrude into the exhaust groove and respectively abut against the inner sides of the left and right edges 251.
  • the locking blocks 261, 262 can be positioned along the row The two edges of the air groove 25 slide linearly, so that the opening area of the exhaust groove can be adjusted to adjust the suction pressure.
  • the outer surface of the sliding cover 26 has a rough surface 260, which increases manual friction, avoids hand slipping, and facilitates operation; optionally, the rough surface is made of anti-skid lines; in this embodiment,
  • the connecting part 231 includes at least two buckles arranged at the distal end of the pipe section, and the buckle parts are bent towards the inside relative to the central axis of the pipe section; the connecting part can also adopt other implementation forms; the ureter provided by the present invention
  • the sliding cover of the rod can be manually slid to adjust the area of the open exhaust groove, thereby adjusting the negative pressure suction pressure.
  • the sheath tube 1 has a main body section 11 and a head section arranged at the main body section 11 distal end from the proximal end to the distal end. 12.
  • the main body section 11 is composed of a hard pipe section
  • the head section 12 is composed of a deformable pipe section.
  • the deformable tube section is a flexible tube; specifically, the length of the head section 12 is set to match the longitudinal length of the bending part of the endoscope; in this embodiment, the rigid The quality pipe section 11 and the deformable pipe section 12 are integrally formed or bonded together.
  • the endoscope is an existing device, and the endoscope includes an operating part and a bending part, and the operating part can drive the bending part to bend; through the introducing sheath provided by the present invention, it can be ensured that the head section of the ureteral sheath can follow the endoscopic
  • the curved part of the mirror is bent, so that the head of the sheath can enter the deep part of the renal pelvis which forms a negative angle with the ureter, which can efficiently and thoroughly absorb the broken stones, reducing the difficulty and time of the operation.

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Abstract

一种改进的输尿管鞘，输尿管鞘包括：导引鞘，其包括鞘管（1）以及安装在鞘管（1）近端的鞘座（2），鞘座（2）具有一与鞘管（1）连通的管段（20）以及一设置在管段（20）远端的连接部（21）；鞘管（1）自近端朝向远端具有一主体段（11）以及一设置在主体段（11）远端的头段（12）,主体段（11）由硬质管段构成，头段（12）由可变形管段构成；管段（20）相较于其中心轴线向外连通延伸形成一负压接管（24）,负压接管（24）的管壁设有敞开的排气槽（25）,排气槽（25）上密封盖设有滑盖（26）,且滑盖（26）能够相较于排气槽（25）发生滑动，通过滑动滑盖（26）可以调节排气槽（25）的敞开面积。

Description

一种改进的输尿管鞘 技术领域
本发明属于泌尿医疗器械领域，具体涉及一种改进的输尿管鞘。
背景技术
输尿管鞘用于泌尿外科手术中，建立一条便于内窥镜和其他器械进入泌尿道的通路，为了提高输尿管鞘的使用寿命和内腔支撑性，输尿管鞘壁内嵌置螺旋钢丝，使输尿管鞘具有较强弹性和一定硬度，无法短距离弯折定形，输尿管鞘端部无法近距离靠近病灶区，手术作业过程中一些血凝块、细小石块、脓性絮状物从输尿管鞘排出效果不理想；输尿管鞘端部过硬，无法弯曲导致无法近距离接近病灶区，增加了手术难度和手术时间。
此外，导引鞘还具有负压吸引功能，因此内窥镜需要与导引鞘密封配合；现有的内窥镜采用密封阀与导引鞘密封配合时，由于扩张器需要插入或拉出，现有的密封阀与扩张器安装位置存在干涉，导致必须在卸除扩张器后由医生安装密封阀，然后插入内窥镜，且内窥镜与密封阀面面接触，容易造成内窥镜插入困难，医生操作复杂费力。
此外，现有的输尿管鞘安装结构复杂，且负压吸引功能无法调节。
发明内容
基于以上问题，本发明提供一种改进的输尿管鞘，该输尿管鞘包括：
导引鞘，其包括鞘管以及安装在鞘管近端的鞘座，所述鞘座具有一与鞘管连通的管段以及一设置在管段远端的连接部；所述连接部包括至少两个设置在管段远端的卡扣件，该卡扣件相对于管段的中心轴线朝向内侧弯折；所述鞘管与管段整体限定出自近端至远端贯通的中心通道；所述鞘管自近端朝向远端具有一主体段以及一设置在主体段远端的头段，所述主体段由硬质管段构成，所述头段由可变形管段构成。所述的管段相较于其中心轴线向外连通延伸形成一负压接管，该负压接管的管壁设有敞开的排气槽，该排气槽上密封盖设有滑盖，且所述的滑盖能够相较于排气槽发生滑动，通过滑动滑盖可以调节该排气槽的敞开面积，进而调节负压压力；
扩张器，其包括导管以及安装在导管近端的扩张器座，所述导管贯穿中心通道设置，所述扩张器座包括座体以及至少两个对称设置在座体上的弹性挂耳，所述座体与导管的远端连接，所述弹性挂耳相对于该座体向外延伸，所述弹性挂耳能够与卡扣件卡扣连接；
锥形密封圈，其设置在鞘座的管段处，所述的锥形密封圈形成供导管密封贯穿的入口，所述锥形密封圈的内壁上形成多个筋条；
压盖，其固定安装在鞘座的管段处，其具有一供导管通过的开口，所锥形密封圈的至少其上缘与压盖连接。
作为优选，所述座体为一与导管连通的管座，所述管座相对于其中心轴线向外侧延伸设有两个弹性臂，所述弹性臂的尾端形成挂耳。
作为优选，所述管段的横截面面积自近端至远端逐渐减小；所述管段的上侧对称设有两个限位台，所述弹性挂耳能够止抵在该限位台上。
作为优选，所述排气槽沿着管壁的长度延伸设置，所述滑盖通过滑动件卡设在排气槽的内沿上；所述滑盖内侧的左右对称设有两个卡块，所述卡块伸入该排气槽并分别与其左右边沿的内侧相抵，所述卡块能够沿着排气槽的两个边沿发生直线滑动。
作为优选，所述的锥形密封圈包括锥形壁，所述锥形壁限定出锥形通道，所述锥形壁具有位于近侧的第一环形边缘以及位于远侧的第二环形边缘，所述锥形壁的内壁周向间隔设有多个自第一环形边缘朝向第二环形边缘延伸的筋条。
作为优选，所述压盖包括盖体以及与锥形壁入口侧内壁压贴的锥形圈。
作为优选，所述的锥形密封圈为橡胶圈，所述橡胶圈的第二环形边缘限定出的口径能够与扩张器的导管密封贴合。
作为优选，所述可变形管段为软管。
作为优选，所述的头段的长度被设置为与内窥镜弯曲部的纵向长度相匹配。
作为优选，所述硬质管段与可变形管段一体成型或者粘接连接。
通过本发明提供的输尿管鞘，由扩张器座弹性挂耳卡设在鞘座卡扣，左右旋转或向内捏紧左右耳可取出鞘管，利于导入且操作方便。
本发明通过对鞘管的密封阀进行改进，能够保证鞘管内负压通道的密封性，筋条的设计可降低密封阀对插入器械的张紧力，降低使用者插入器械时的阻力。
通过本发明提供的输尿管鞘，可以手动滑动杆滑盖来调节敞口排气槽的面积，进而调节负压抽吸压力。
通过本发明提供的输尿管鞘，可以保证输尿管鞘头段可随着内窥镜的弯曲部发生弯曲，如此，可以进入与输尿管成负角的肾盂深处，可高效彻底的吸取碎石，减小了手术难度和手术时间。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的输尿管鞘的结构示意图；
图2为本发明提供的输尿管鞘的结构剖面图；
图3为本发明提供的密封阀的结构示意图；
图4为本发明提供的导引鞘的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例，并结合说明书附图对本发明或发明的技术方案作进一步具体的说明；
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“前”、“后”、“头”、“尾”、“远”、“近”、“轴向”以及“径向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有规定和限定，术语“安装”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是机械连接或电连接，也可以是两个元件内部的连通，可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况 理解上述术语的具体含义。
请参阅图1与图2，本发明实施方式提供一种具有改进安装结构的输尿管鞘，该输尿管鞘包括导引鞘以及扩张器3，通过改进安装结构，扩张器能够更好地与导引鞘可拆装装配；具体地，本实施方式提供的输尿管鞘包括以下结构：
导引鞘包括鞘管1以及安装在鞘管近端的鞘座，所述鞘座2具有一与鞘管连通的管段20以及一设置在管段远端的连接部21；所述连接部21包括至少两个设置在管段远端的卡扣件21，该卡扣件21相对于管段20的中心轴线朝向内侧弯折；所述鞘管1与管段20整体限定出自近端至远端贯通的中心通道100；
扩张器3包括导管31以及安装在导管31近端的扩张器座32，所述导管31贯穿中心通道100设置，所述扩张器座32包括座体320以及至少两个对称设置在座体320上的弹性挂耳35，所述座体320与导管31的远端连接，所述弹性挂耳35相对于该座体320向外延伸，所述弹性挂耳35能够与卡扣件21卡扣连接；在一些实施例中，所述座体320为一与导管31连通的管座，所述管座相对于其中心轴线向外侧延伸设有两个弹性臂321，所述弹性臂的尾端形成挂耳35；具体地，所述管座上连接有鲁尔接头33。此外，在本实施例中，所述管段20的横截面面积自近端至远端逐渐减小，如此方便扩张器探入。在本实施例中，所述管段20的上侧对称设有两个限位台21，该两个限位台构成卡扣件，所述弹性挂耳35能够止抵在该限位台21上。如此，扩张器的弹性挂耳35能够固定在限位台上，通过左右旋转或向内捏紧左右耳可取出扩张器，整个过程操作方便，方便医生施力相较于现有的扩张器座安装在导引鞘座的外侧，本发明提供的扩张器座安装在导引鞘的内侧，旋转或者向内捏紧既可以瞬时取出，且向内安装更容易操作扩张器，操作更为省力顺畅。
本实施方式提供的输尿管鞘还包括锥形密封圈22与压盖23，锥形密封圈22设置在鞘座2的管段20内，所述的锥形密封圈22形成供导管密封贯穿的入口220，结合图3可以看出，所述锥形密封圈22的内壁上形成多个筋条221；压盖23固定安装在鞘座2的管段内，其具有一供导管31通过的开口231，所锥形密封圈的上缘与压盖连接；；即相较与现有的密封阀，本实施方式提供的密封阀直接安装在阀座处，免除使用者安装密封阀操作，操作简便；而筋条的设计可降低密封阀对插入器械的张紧力，降低使用者插入器械时的阻力。具体地，所述的锥形密封圈包括锥形壁，所述锥形壁限定出锥形通道，所述锥形壁具有位于近侧的第一环形边缘220以及位于远侧的第二环形边缘222，所述锥形壁的内壁周向间隔设有多个自第一环形边缘220朝向第二环形边缘222延伸的筋条221；如此，扩张器的导管在通过鞘管时，与密封阀形成线性摩擦，消除了原有的面接触，推入更加省力。在本实施例中，所述压盖23包括盖体以及与锥形壁入口侧内壁压贴的锥形圈，如此，能够更好地支撑密封阀，避免扩张器进出鞘管时引起密封阀的外翻。具体地，所述的锥形密封圈为橡胶圈，可以理解的是所述橡胶圈的第二环形边缘限定出的口径能够与扩张器的导管密封贴合。本发明通过对鞘管的密封阀进行改进，能够保证鞘管内负压通道的密封性，筋条的设计可降低密封阀对插入器械的张紧力，降低使用者插入器械时的阻力。
本实施方式提供的管段20相较于其中心轴线向外连通延伸形成一负压接管24，该负压 接管24的管壁设有敞开的排气槽25，该排气槽25上密封盖设有滑盖26，且所述的滑盖26能够相较于排气槽25发生滑动，通过滑动滑盖26可以调节该排气槽25的敞开面积，进而调节负压压力；当负压接管与吸引器连接后，吸引压力固定，可以通过滑动滑盖调节吸引压力；解决了现有手动封堵的繁琐问题，操作方便快速，提高效率，且压力的调节过程稳定可控；在一些优选实施例中，所述排气槽25沿着管壁的长度延伸设置，所述滑盖通过滑动件卡设在排气槽的内沿251上。具体地，所述滑盖26内侧的左右对称设有两个卡块261,262，所述卡块261,262伸入该排气槽并分别与其左右边沿251的内侧相抵，所述卡块261,262能够沿着排气槽25的两个边沿发生直线滑动，如此，可以调整排气槽的敞口面积来调节吸引压力。在本实施例中，所述滑盖26的外表面具有粗糙面260，增大手动摩擦力，避免手滑，利于操作；可选地，所述粗糙面由防滑纹构成；在本实施例中，所述连接部231包括至少两个设置在管段远端的卡扣件，该卡扣件相对于管段的中心轴线朝向内侧弯折；连接部也可采用其他实现形式；通过本发明提供的输尿管导引鞘，可以手动滑动杆滑盖来调节敞口排气槽的面积，进而调节负压抽吸压力。
请参阅图4，本实施方式提导引鞘，其能够与内窥镜配合使用，所述鞘管1自近端朝向远端具有一主体段11以及一设置在主体段11远端的头段12，所述主体段11由硬质管段构成，所述头段12由可变形管段构成，如此，内窥镜的弯曲部伸入该可变形管段能够带动可变形管发生弯曲，由垂直状态A转换为弯曲状态B；进而能够通过输尿管弯曲探入肾盂。在一些实施例中，所述可变形管段为软管；具体地，所述的头段12的长度被设置为与内窥镜弯曲部的纵向长度相匹配；在本实施例中，所述硬质管段11与可变形管段12一体成型或者粘接连接。内窥镜为现有设备，内窥镜包括操作部以及弯曲部，所述的操作部能够驱动弯曲部发生弯曲；通过本发明提供的导引鞘，可以保证输尿管鞘头段可随着内窥镜的弯曲部发生弯曲，如此，鞘管的头段可以进入与输尿管成负角的肾盂深处，可高效彻底的吸取碎石，减小了手术难度和手术时间。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种改进的输尿管鞘，其特征在于，该输尿管鞘包括：
    导引鞘，其包括鞘管以及安装在鞘管近端的鞘座，所述鞘座具有一与鞘管连通的管段以及一设置在管段远端的连接部；所述连接部包括至少两个设置在管段远端的卡扣件，该卡扣件相对于管段的中心轴线朝向内侧弯折；所述鞘管与管段整体限定出自近端至远端贯通的中心通道；所述鞘管自近端朝向远端具有一主体段以及一设置在主体段远端的头段，所述主体段由硬质管段构成，所述头段由可变形管段构成。所述的管段相较于其中心轴线向外连通延伸形成一负压接管，该负压接管的管壁设有敞开的排气槽，该排气槽上密封盖设有滑盖，且所述的滑盖能够相较于排气槽发生滑动，通过滑动滑盖可以调节该排气槽的敞开面积，进而调节负压压力；
    扩张器，其包括导管以及安装在导管近端的扩张器座，所述导管贯穿中心通道设置，所述扩张器座包括座体以及至少两个对称设置在座体上的弹性挂耳，所述座体与导管的远端连接，所述弹性挂耳相对于该座体向外延伸，所述弹性挂耳能够与卡扣件卡扣连接；
    锥形密封圈，其设置在鞘座的管段处，所述的锥形密封圈形成供导管密封贯穿的入口，所述锥形密封圈的内壁上形成多个筋条；
    压盖，其固定安装在鞘座的管段处，其具有一供导管通过的开口，所锥形密封圈的至少其上缘与压盖连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的输尿管鞘，其特征在于，所述座体为一与导管连通的管座，所述管座相对于其中心轴线向外侧延伸设有两个弹性臂，所述弹性臂的尾端形成挂耳。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的输尿管鞘，其特征在于，所述管段的横截面面积自近端至远端逐渐减小；所述管段的上侧对称设有两个限位台，所述弹性挂耳能够止抵在该限位台上。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的输尿管鞘，其特征在于，所述排气槽沿着管壁的长度延伸设置，所述滑盖通过滑动件卡设在排气槽的内沿上；所述滑盖内侧的左右对称设有两个卡块，所述卡块伸入该排气槽并分别与其左右边沿的内侧相抵，所述卡块能够沿着排气槽的两个边沿发生直线滑动。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的输尿管鞘，其特征在于，所述的锥形密封圈包括锥形壁，所述锥形壁限定出锥形通道，所述锥形壁具有位于近侧的第一环形边缘以及位于远侧的第二环形边缘，所述锥形壁的内壁周向间隔设有多个自第一环形边缘朝向第二环形边缘延伸的筋条。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的输尿管鞘，其特征在于，所述压盖包括盖体以及与锥形壁入口侧内壁压贴的锥形圈。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的输尿管鞘，其特征在于，所述的锥形密封圈为橡胶圈，所述橡胶圈的第二环形边缘限定出的口径能够与扩张器的导管密封贴合。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的输尿管鞘，其特征在于，所述可变形管段为软管。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的输尿管鞘，其特征在于，所述的头段的长度被设置为与内窥镜弯曲 部的纵向长度相匹配。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的输尿管鞘，其特征在于，所述硬质管段与可变形管段一体成型或者粘接连接。
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