WO2023103278A1 - 基于地线电磁信号的输电线路导线位置信息在线监测方法 - Google Patents

基于地线电磁信号的输电线路导线位置信息在线监测方法 Download PDF

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WO2023103278A1
WO2023103278A1 PCT/CN2022/092079 CN2022092079W WO2023103278A1 WO 2023103278 A1 WO2023103278 A1 WO 2023103278A1 CN 2022092079 W CN2022092079 W CN 2022092079W WO 2023103278 A1 WO2023103278 A1 WO 2023103278A1
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Prior art keywords
wire
change
ground wire
conductor
ground
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PCT/CN2022/092079
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张波
崔哲睿
张哲程
胡军
何金良
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清华大学
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Priority claimed from CN202111511460.7A external-priority patent/CN114295196B/zh
Priority claimed from CN202111477325.5A external-priority patent/CN114396859B/zh
Priority claimed from CN202111479145.0A external-priority patent/CN114396860B/zh
Priority claimed from CN202111511459.4A external-priority patent/CN114384352B/zh
Application filed by 清华大学 filed Critical 清华大学
Publication of WO2023103278A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023103278A1/zh
Priority to US18/408,026 priority Critical patent/US20240142509A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/085—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/25—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using digital measurement techniques
    • G01R19/2513—Arrangements for monitoring electric power systems, e.g. power lines or loads; Logging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/58—Testing of lines, cables or conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00002—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by monitoring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/001—Methods to deal with contingencies, e.g. abnormalities, faults or failures
    • H02J3/0012—Contingency detection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/001—Methods to deal with contingencies, e.g. abnormalities, faults or failures
    • H02J3/00125—Transmission line or load transient problems, e.g. overvoltage, resonance or self-excitation of inductive loads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00007—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission
    • H02J13/0001—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission using modification of a parameter of the network power signal

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of high-voltage technology, and in particular to an on-line monitoring method and device for position information of transmission line conductors based on ground wire electromagnetic signals.
  • Transmission line conductors are vulnerable to damage caused by harsh geographical environment and climate change in the natural environment, as well as problems caused by human-made innovations in line technology, including: conductor icing, conductor wind deflection, conductor galloping and line expansion When the temperature of the wire is too high and the arc sag of the line increases,
  • the icing of conductors mainly includes two types: rime and rime.
  • rime has a low density and does not freeze tightly; rime has a high density and strong adhesion, and it is easy to form an ice shell around the conductor, which often causes Phenomena such as overload, ice flash, galloping, and ice-off jumps will seriously affect the normal operation of the line, such as ice disasters causing a large number of line disconnections and tower collapses. Therefore, when discussing the issue of icing, we mainly focus on the situation of rime;
  • Wind deflection refers to the phenomenon that the transmission line conductor deviates from its vertical position under the action of wind, mainly including jumper wind deflection, interphase wind deflection and insulator wind deflection.
  • the windage and gallop of the wires are different.
  • the wire When the wind speed is too high or too low, the wire generally does not gallop; and for the wind deflection, the greater the wind speed, the more serious the wind deflection phenomenon will be, and the wind deflection will cause the distance between the lines or between the towers to be too small, This can lead to flashover or trip failures. Due to the continuity of the wind, it is generally impossible to successfully reclose after the wind deflection flashover trips, which leads to the outage of the line and brings great harm to the safe operation of the power system;
  • Conductor galloping is an abnormal state of movement of the conductor, which is mainly manifested as a low-frequency, large-amplitude vibration phenomenon, accompanied by the torsion of the conductor. Galloping will cause great harm to the transmission line. Generally, it will lead to short circuit and flashover tripping, or lead to wear of line fittings, breakage of spacer rods, fall off of jumper wires, loosening of tower bolts, damage of towers, etc., which will affect the safety of the power system. Stable operation poses great challenges;
  • the current monitoring method is to use surveillance cameras to obtain on-site video images, and then monitor the icing situation of the line.
  • This method has the following disadvantages: a. The monitoring distance is short; b. The ice thickness cannot be directly judged, and only a rough estimate can be made; c. The power supply problem is restricted;
  • the online monitoring method for wind deflection of overhead transmission lines is mainly to install motion sensors on the wires.
  • the above-mentioned methods have problems such as requiring a large number of sensors, requiring power outages for installation and maintenance, and difficult power supply for monitoring devices.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an online monitoring method and device for position information of transmission line conductors based on ground wire electromagnetic signals, which can conduct online monitoring of galloping, icing, wind deflection, and conductor sag during dynamic capacity increase of transmission line conductors.
  • online monitoring of transmission lines rapid identification and positioning of transmission line faults or hidden dangers can be realized, which is of great significance for improving the safety, reliability and stability of power systems.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an online monitoring method for the position information of transmission line conductors based on ground wire electromagnetic signals. and the communication module to monitor the induced voltage or induced current on the ground wire in real time; when the induced voltage or induced current changes, the value of the induced voltage or induced current on the ground wire before and after the change will be sent to the data processing end after being judged by the relevant module; The size of the line operating current and the change of the collected ground wire electromagnetic signal, reverse derivation, the change of mutual inductance between the ground wires, based on this, further deduce the change of the wire position; realize the position information and motion status of the transmission line wire according to the change of the wire position online monitoring.
  • the induced voltage or induced current on the ground wire is monitored in real time; when the induced voltage or induced current occurs When the change occurs, the induced voltage or induced current value of the ground wire before and after the change will be sent to the data processing end after being judged by the relevant module; combined with the operating current of the line and the change of the electromagnetic signal of the ground wire collected, the mutual inductance between the ground wires can be reversely deduced Based on this, the position change of the conductor is further deduced; according to the change of the conductor position, the online monitoring of the position information and motion status of the conductor of the transmission line is realized.
  • this solution uses the power frequency electromagnetic induction voltage or current of the ground wire for online energy acquisition, so no additional power supply is required, and online monitoring of the line status can be realized with self-power supply.
  • the installed device is small in size and low in failure cost, and the normal operation of the line will not be affected when a failure occurs.
  • the overhead line wire monitoring method based on the induced voltage of segmented insulating ground wire or the induced current of OPGW (Optical Fiber Composite Overhead Ground Wire, optical fiber composite overhead ground wire) proposed by this application has simple principle, low cost, easy installation and maintenance, and high feasibility. high.
  • the position change of the wire includes:
  • online monitoring of wire sag changes includes:
  • the sag change of the wire is further refined
  • Judgment is made according to the change of wire sag, and an alarm is issued when the maximum wire sag exceeds the preset threshold.
  • the causes of the sag change include: dynamic capacity increase of the transmission line, and ice coating of the conductor.
  • the cause of the sag change when the cause of the sag change is that the wire is covered with ice, it also includes:
  • the method may also include: online monitoring of the windage of the wire, including:
  • the spatial position change of the conductor is further refined
  • the method further includes:
  • the monitoring device is powered by the induced voltage or induced current on the ground to realize self-power supply.
  • it also includes online monitoring and positioning of the galloping situation of the transmission line, wherein the online monitoring and positioning of the galloping situation of the transmission line includes:
  • Step S1 Obtain the relevant parameters of the overhead line, and construct the equivalent circuit of the ground wire according to the relevant parameters;
  • Step S2 Real-time monitoring of electromagnetic signals on the ground and performing spectrum analysis on them;
  • Step S3 When the frequency abnormal signal appears in the frequency spectrum analysis, send the frequency abnormal signal to the data processing end, and generate the analysis result;
  • Step S4 Determine the frequency, position and amplitude of line galloping according to the analysis results
  • Step S5 Steps S2, S3, and S4 are repeated continuously, and an alarm is issued when the calculated galloping amplitude exceeds a preset threshold.
  • the method may further include: determining the frequency, location and magnitude of line galloping according to the analysis results, including:
  • the galloping amplitude is calculated according to the position of the galloping line and the detected electromagnetic signal of the ground wire.
  • the present application provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, which can execute the method described in the first aspect when the instructions in the storage medium are executed by a processor.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for on-line monitoring of location information of transmission line conductors based on ground wire electromagnetic signals provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of ground wire induction provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the monitoring scheme provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of wire sag calculation provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the variation of the maximum sag and horizontal stress of the wire with the thickness of the ice coating provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of wire sag under different ice coating thicknesses provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the change of the ground wire induction current with the thickness of the ice coating provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 8 is a functional block diagram of a sag monitoring method for dynamic capacity increase of transmission lines based on ground wire electromagnetic signals provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the influence of the wire sag on the ground wire induced current in the sag monitoring method when the transmission line is dynamically increased based on the ground wire electromagnetic signal under different wire phase currents provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the influence of the wire sag on the voltage at both ends of the ground wire insulator according to the sag monitoring method of the transmission line capacity increase based on the ground wire electromagnetic signal under different wire phase currents provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram for calculating the spatial position of the wire when monitoring the wind deflection of the transmission line provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the change of the ground wire induced current with the degree of wind deflection provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 13 is a flow chart of a method for locating galloping overhead lines based on ground wire electromagnetic signals provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 14 is a waveform diagram of the induced voltage on the segmented insulated ground wire when the wire gallops provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 15 is a waveform diagram of the induced current on the OPGW when the wire gallops provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 16 is a diagram of the relationship between the magnitude of the dancing frequency component and the dancing amplitude provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 17 is a diagram of the relationship between the measurement position and the current phase difference provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 18 is a relationship diagram of the amplitude attenuation law of the dancing frequency component along the line provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of multi-gear galloping positioning provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 20 is a block diagram of an overhead line galloping positioning algorithm based on ground wire electromagnetic signals provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for on-line monitoring of location information of transmission line conductors based on ground wire electromagnetic signals provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • the online monitoring method for the location information of transmission line conductors based on ground wire electromagnetic signals includes the following steps:
  • Step 101 installing a voltage monitoring device or a current monitoring device on the ground wire of the overhead line, combined with a supporting data processing and communication module, to monitor the induced voltage or current on the ground wire in real time;
  • Step 102 when the induced voltage or the induced current changes, the ground wire induced voltage or induced current value before and after the change is sent to the data processing terminal after being judged by the relevant module;
  • Step 103 combined with the magnitude of the operating current of the line and the change of the collected ground wire electromagnetic signal, reversely deduce the change of the mutual inductance between the ground wires, and further deduce the change of the position of the wire based on this;
  • Step 104 realizing online monitoring of the position information and motion status of the conductors of the transmission line according to the position changes of the conductors.
  • the online monitoring method for the position information of transmission line conductors based on ground wire electromagnetic signals in the embodiment of the present application, by installing a voltage monitoring device or a current monitoring device on the ground wire of an overhead line, combined with a supporting data processing and communication module, monitors the ground wire in real time
  • the induced voltage or induced current when the induced voltage or induced current changes, the ground wire induced voltage or induced current value before and after the change will be sent to the data processing end after being judged by the relevant module; combined with the change of the line operating current and the collected
  • the change of the electromagnetic signal of the ground wire, the reverse deduction, the change of the mutual inductance between the ground wires, and based on this, the change of the wire is further deduced; according to the change of the position of the wire, the online monitoring of the position information and motion status of the wire of the transmission line is realized.
  • the overhead line wire monitoring method based on the induced voltage of segmented insulating ground wire or the induced current of OPGW (Optical Fiber Composite Overhead Ground Wire, optical fiber composite overhead ground wire) proposed by this application has simple principle, low cost, easy installation and maintenance, and high feasibility. high.
  • the change of wires includes:
  • online monitoring of wire sag changes includes:
  • the sag change of the wire is further refined
  • Judgment is made according to the change of wire sag, and an alarm is issued when the maximum wire sag exceeds the preset threshold.
  • the causes of the sag change include: dynamic capacity increase of the transmission line, and ice coating of the conductor.
  • the cause of the sag change when the cause of the sag change is that the wire is covered with ice, it also includes:
  • the online monitoring of the windage of the wire includes:
  • the spatial position change of the conductor is further refined
  • the method also includes:
  • the monitoring device is powered by the induced voltage or induced current on the ground to realize self-power supply.
  • it also includes online monitoring of the galloping situation of the transmission line, wherein the online monitoring of the galloping situation of the transmission line includes:
  • Step S1 Obtain the relevant parameters of the overhead line, and construct the equivalent circuit of the ground wire according to the relevant parameters;
  • Step S2 Real-time monitoring of electromagnetic signals on the ground and performing spectrum analysis on them;
  • Step S3 When the frequency abnormal signal appears in the frequency spectrum analysis, send the frequency abnormal signal to the data processing end, and generate the analysis result;
  • Step S4 Determine the frequency, position and amplitude of line galloping according to the analysis results
  • Step S5 Steps S2, S3, and S4 are repeated continuously, and an alarm is issued when the calculated galloping amplitude exceeds a preset threshold.
  • the frequency, position and amplitude of line galloping are determined according to the analysis results, including:
  • the galloping amplitude is calculated according to the position of the galloping line and the detected electromagnetic signal of the ground wire.
  • This application uses this law as a theoretical basis to carry out on-line monitoring of the position information and motion status of the transmission line conductor based on the ground wire electromagnetic signal.
  • the following takes the icing monitoring of overhead lines based on ground wire electromagnetic signals as an example to introduce in detail the online monitoring method of transmission line conductor position information based on ground wire electromagnetic signals proposed in this application.
  • the wire When the line is covered with ice, the wire will change the arc sag due to the gravity of the ice, that is, the distance between the conductor and the ground wire will change, which will cause the mutual inductance between the conductor and the ground wire to change.
  • the induced voltage and induced current will also change accordingly, and the thicker the ice, the greater the change of the electromagnetic signal of the ground wire. Therefore, the electromagnetic signal of the ground wire can be used to monitor the icing condition of the line online, as shown in Figure 3.
  • this example first analyzes and judges the change of mutual inductance between the conductor and the ground based on the monitored voltage or current changes of the ground wire, and then reversely deduces the change of the distance between the conductor and the ground wire, and then according to the change of the distance between the conductor and the ground wire The change of the distance between them is further refined to obtain the sag change of the conductor, and finally the ice thickness of the line is deduced according to the change of the conductor sag, specifically:
  • the change of mutual inductance between the wire and the ground wire is obtained through the change of the electromagnetic signal of the ground wire.
  • the first formula is expressed as:
  • E G is the voltage drop per unit length on the ground
  • Z GL is the mutual inductance between the conductor and the ground
  • I L is the current of the wire
  • Z ij represents the mutual inductance between the i-th conductor and the ground wire and the j-th conductor and the ground wire
  • d ij is the distance between the i-th conductor and the j-th conductor
  • D g is the mirror image of the wire to the ground, etc.
  • the unit is m, optional
  • ⁇ is the soil resistivity ( ⁇ m)
  • f is the power frequency (Hz);
  • the sag change of the conductor is further refined.
  • the catenary model of the conductor is applied, and for the sake of simplicity of calculation, the flat parabola formula is used to replace the relevant catenary model.
  • the chain line formula, when one end of the wire hangs at the origin, is specifically shown in Figure 4, and the third formula is expressed as:
  • h is the height difference of the suspension points at both ends of the wire
  • l is the span of the wire
  • ⁇ is the specific load of the wire, in N/(m mm 2 );
  • ⁇ 0 is the horizontal stress at each point of the wire, The unit is N/mm 2 ;
  • the thickness of ice coating on the line is reversed, including:
  • ⁇ 1 is the unit load of the wire, which is a known parameter from the factory, and the unit is kg/m; ⁇ is the ice thickness of the wire, and the unit is mm; d is the diameter of the wire, and the unit is mm; , the unit is mm 2 .
  • the height difference of the suspension point of the conductor is set to 0, the span of the conductor is 500m, and the model of the selected conductor is JLHA1/GA1-400/95 with four splits.
  • the specific parameters are shown in Table 1.
  • the calculation also takes into account the deformation of the wire caused by ice coating and temperature changes in combination with the relevant simulation software, so on this basis we can obtain the maximum sag of the wire and the relationship between the horizontal stress of each point of the wire and the thickness of the ice coating, as shown in Figure 5. And the change of wire sag with ice thickness can be further obtained, as shown in Figure 6. According to the calculation results, we can see that the maximum sag of the wire and the horizontal stress of the wire increase approximately linearly with the increase of the ice thickness.
  • the value of the ice coating thickness of the wire under this type of line can be deduced based on the monitored ground wire induced current.
  • the method and effect of using ground wire induced voltage monitoring are the same.
  • the wire When the capacity increase measures are taken on the line, the wire will have a sag change due to heat expansion, that is, the distance between the conductor and the ground wire will change, which will cause the mutual inductance between the conductor and the ground wire to change, so the induced voltage on the ground wire And the induced current will not only change with the change of line current, but also change with the change of arc sag. Therefore, under the condition of mastering the current information of the line, the electromagnetic signal of the ground wire can be used to monitor the sag of the line when the capacity is increased.
  • the specific principle block diagram is shown in Figure 8.
  • this example first combines the change of the line operating current and the change of the collected ground wire electromagnetic signal, and inversely deduces the change of the mutual inductance between the ground wires. Based on this, the change of the wire sag is further deduced, including:
  • E G is the voltage drop per unit length on the ground
  • Z GL is the mutual inductance between the ground wires
  • I L is the wire current
  • the first formula can also be expressed as:
  • E g1 is the voltage drop per unit length of the first ground wire
  • E g2 is the voltage drop per unit length of the second ground wire
  • Z g1a is the mutual impedance between the first ground wire and a-phase wire
  • Z g1b is The mutual impedance between the first ground wire and the b-phase wire
  • Z g1c is the mutual impedance between the first ground wire and the c-phase wire
  • Z g2a is the same
  • I a is the a-phase wire current
  • I b is the b-phase wire current
  • I c is the current of the c-phase wire.
  • the second formula uses the second formula to inversely deduce the change of the distance between the ground wires according to the change of the mutual inductance between the ground wires.
  • the second formula is expressed as:
  • ⁇ is the soil resistivity ( ⁇ m)
  • d ij is the distance between the i-th conductor and the j-th conductor.
  • the mutual inductance between conductors and ground wires can be calculated by means of numerical integration, so as to obtain more accurate position information of each point of the conductor.
  • the mutual impedance can be approximately considered to be equal to the mutual inductance value.
  • the third formula is used to further refine the sag change of the conductor according to the change of the distance between the ground conductors.
  • the third formula is expressed as:
  • y represents the vertical position of the wire at x
  • ⁇ is the elevation angle
  • h is the height difference between the suspension points at both ends of the wire
  • l is the length of the line span
  • ⁇ is the specific load of the wire
  • the unit is N/(m mm 2 )
  • ⁇ 0 is the horizontal stress at each point of the wire
  • the unit is N /mm 2 .
  • the catenary model of the wire is applied when calculating the sag of the wire, and for the sake of simplicity of calculation, the flat parabola formula is used to replace the relevant catenary formula, and the suspension point at one end of the wire is taken as the origin.
  • y corresponds to y in Figure 4, that is, after selecting one end of a certain segment of wire (or ground wire) as the origin, the position of the wire in the vertical direction at each position in the segment, as shown in Figure 4,
  • a and B are the wires Suspension points at both ends
  • O is the lowest point of the catenary model of the wire, that is, the maximum sag
  • h is the height difference between the two suspension points of the wire
  • l is the horizontal distance between the two suspension points of the wire, that is, the line span
  • f m is the maximum arc of the wire hang down.
  • the suspension points at both ends of the wire and the ground wire are fixed, so when the line is in normal operation, the position of the wire and the ground wire in the vertical space can be calculated by the third formula (in the line rated
  • the two parameters of ⁇ and ⁇ 0 are known when running under working conditions), that is, the wire and the ground wire have sag but the relative position of the two remains unchanged.
  • the third formula can calculate the original position of the ground wire in the vertical direction, and then combine the change of the distance of the ground wire to obtain the position of each point in the vertical direction of the wire after capacity expansion, that is, the sag change.
  • the height difference of the suspension points of the conductors is set to be 0, the span of the conductors is 500m, and the model of the selected conductors is JLHA1/GA1-400/95 with four splits.
  • the specific parameters are shown in Table 2.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the influence of conductor sag on ground wire current in the sag monitoring method for transmission line capacity increase based on ground wire electromagnetic signals under different phase currents according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the operation mode of the ground wire is dual OPGW tower-by-tower grounding, and when the current of the line wire is constant, the ground wire induction current signal decreases approximately linearly with the increase of the maximum sag of the wire.
  • This rule can be used according to the current of the ground wire Changes inversely deduce changes in wire sag.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the influence of conductor sag on the voltage at both ends of the ground wire insulator according to the sag monitoring method of the transmission line capacity increase based on the ground wire electromagnetic signal under different phase currents according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • the operation mode of the ground wire is ordinary ground wire segmented insulation, OPGW grounded tower by tower, and when the line conductor current is constant, the induced voltage signal of the ground wire decreases approximately linearly with the increase of the maximum sag of the wire, which can be used This rule deduces the change of wire sag according to the voltage change of the ground wire.
  • the sag of the wire under this type of line can be deduced based on the monitored ground wire induction signal.
  • this example first analyzes and judges the change of mutual inductance between the conductor and the ground based on the monitored ground voltage or current change, and then reversely deduces the change of the distance between the conductor and the ground, and then according to the change of the distance between the conductor and the ground The change of the distance of the conductor is further refined to obtain the change of the spatial position of the conductor. Finally, the windage of the line is deduced according to the change of the spatial position of the conductor, and the judgment is made according to the windage of the conductor.
  • the preset threshold Alerts are issued when, specifically:
  • the change of mutual inductance between the wire and the ground wire is obtained through the change of the electromagnetic signal of the ground wire.
  • the first formula is expressed as:
  • E G is the voltage drop per unit length on the ground
  • Z GL is the mutual inductance between the conductor and the ground
  • I L is the current of the wire
  • Z ij represents the mutual inductance between the i-th conductor and the ground wire and the j-th conductor and the ground wire
  • d ij is the distance between the i-th conductor and the j-th conductor
  • D g is the mirror image of the wire to the ground, etc.
  • the unit is m, optional
  • ⁇ is the soil resistivity ( ⁇ m)
  • f is the power frequency (Hz);
  • q is the load per unit of the wire
  • T is the level of wire tension, both of which are parameters related to mechanics
  • x 0 and y 0 describe the relative position of the wire, that is, the origin of the coordinates can be determined through these two parameters.
  • the lateral offset z is introduced to describe the lateral offset distance of the lowest point of the wire.
  • z is positive, it means outward, and when z is negative, it means inward. If it is considered that the wind force received by each point of the conductor is uniform or the difference is not large, then the relationship between the lateral and longitudinal offset of the conductor can be described by the white right triangle in the figure, that is, the lateral offset of each point is linear to its longitudinal offset relation.
  • the position of the wire in the entire span can be determined by the two parameters a and z, and the longitudinal offset is expressed by the following formula:
  • the height difference of the suspension point of the conductor is set to 0, the span of the conductor is 500m, and the model of the selected conductor is JLHA1/GA1-400/95 with four splits.
  • the specific parameters are shown in Table 3.
  • the degree of windage is measured by the offset distance between the conductor and the position when there is no wind and normal suspension, that is, the z value in Figure 11.
  • the z value is calculated
  • the influence on the induced current of the ground wire is shown in Figure 12 (the sag of the fixed wire is 16m). According to the results, it can be seen that the induced current of the ground wire is approximately proportional to the horizontal offset of the wire when the wind deflects.
  • the wind deflection degree of the wire under this type of line can be deduced based on the monitored ground wire induced current.
  • the method and effect of using ground wire induced voltage monitoring are the same.
  • the following is an online monitoring method based on the position information of the transmission line conductor based on the electromagnetic signal of the ground wire.
  • the flow chart of the overhead line galloping positioning method based on the ground wire electromagnetic signal provided in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 13 includes the following steps:
  • Step 101 obtain relevant parameters of the overhead line, and construct an equivalent circuit of the ground wire according to the relevant parameters.
  • the relevant parameters of the overhead line are obtained, such as the height of the ground wire to the ground, the span, the model of the ground wire, etc. to construct the equivalent circuit of the ground wire, and then the signal can be deduced based on this to propagate along the ground wire when a fault signal occurs.
  • the phase and amplitude attenuation rules of the phase and amplitude are convenient for subsequent derivation and positioning of galloping features.
  • Step 102 monitor the electromagnetic signal on the ground in real time and perform frequency spectrum analysis on it.
  • the electromagnetic signal on the ground includes at least one of the following: the voltage at both ends of the segmented ground insulator; the induced current on the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire OPGW.
  • the position of the direction will change periodically, which will cause periodic changes in the mutual inductance between the conductor and the ground wire.
  • the line current is constant, the induced voltage and induced voltage flow on the ground wire will also change accordingly.
  • a current transformer can be installed on the ground wire to monitor the induced current on the OPGW; or a voltage sensor can be installed at both ends of the ground wire insulator to detect the voltage at both ends of the segmented ground wire insulator. That is, by arranging a voltage or current monitoring device, the induced current or induced voltage on the ground wire can be detected in real time, as shown in Figures 14 and 15, respectively. By acquiring the induced voltage or induced current on the ground wire, a signal frequency spectrum analysis is performed on the induced voltage or induced current.
  • Step 103 when the frequency abnormal signal appears in the frequency spectrum analysis, send the frequency abnormal signal to the data processing end, and generate the analysis result.
  • an abnormal frequency component is found in the electromagnetic signal, that is, when the induced voltage or induced current of the ground wire couples out the galloping frequency component.
  • Step 104 determine the frequency, position and amplitude of line galloping according to the analysis result.
  • the galloping frequency component can be obtained according to step 103.
  • the line galloping component will be coupled out on the line. Combined with the supporting data processing and communication modules, it can be obtained.
  • the amplitude of the galloping frequency component and the galloping amplitude present Very good linear relationship, as shown in Figure 16, when the line current is constant, the amplitude of the frequency component corresponding to the galloping coupled by the electromagnetic signal of the ground wire can correspond to the galloping amplitude one-to-one.
  • the phase of the relevant frequency component superimposed on the induced current of the OPGW ground wire during galloping changes approximately linearly when propagating along the line, so According to this characteristic, monitoring devices can be arranged in a distributed manner, and the gear where galloping occurs can be judged through subsequent algorithm processing.
  • the amplitude of the signal corresponding to the galloping frequency also attenuates as it propagates along the line. After fitting, it can be obtained that the galloping amplitude decays exponentially along the line. For fixed lines, the parameters in the exponential decay expression are certain.
  • the galloping position After judging the galloping position, it can be based on this law, combined with the electromagnetic signal of the ground wire detected by distributed monitoring. , use the monitoring device and the number of intervals at the galloping place to reverse the galloping amplitude at the galloping place,
  • the phase information of the frequency component of the signal corresponding to galloping is obtained.
  • the electromagnetic signal induced on the ground will have a corresponding frequency component of 50 ⁇ f c Hz, where f c is the frequency of the galloping wire .
  • f c is the frequency of the galloping wire.
  • two non-fundamental frequency components that are significantly higher than other frequencies will be found during monitoring.
  • the two important parameters of frequency components are amplitude and phase, so obtaining phase information refers to calculating 50 ⁇ f c the phase of the frequency component in Hz;
  • the galloping amplitude is calculated according to the position of the line galloping and the monitored electromagnetic signal of the ground wire. As shown in Figure 18, the galloping amplitude decays exponentially along the line. For a fixed line, the parameters in the exponential decay expression are constant. Finally, the magnitude of the dancing can be determined according to the mathematical expression.
  • determining the position of the line gallop according to the signal phase information includes: first determining the position of the device that has detected the largest characteristic frequency component, and then comparing the phase of the characteristic frequency detected by the device with the adjacent devices on both sides, and finally according to Based on the propagation law of the characteristic signal phase along the line obtained by the equivalent circuit of the ground wire, the position where the line gallop occurs is determined, specifically:
  • the position of the device that monitors the maximum characteristic frequency component is the closest position to the line galloping position
  • the position where the line gallop occurs is determined.
  • every third gear including:
  • phase difference of the signal detected by a certain monitoring device is the same as that of the signals of the devices on both sides, it means that galloping occurs in this gear.
  • Fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of multi-gear galloping positioning, as shown in Fig. 19:
  • the starting point of galloping is the third gear distance; similarly , if the phase difference of the current signal corresponding to the galloping frequency monitored by the monitoring device 3 and the monitoring device 2 is between k-2k, then the end point of the galloping is the sixth gear distance. In this way, the dancing interval shown in the red segment in the figure is determined.
  • Fig. 20 is a block diagram of an overhead line galloping positioning algorithm based on ground wire electromagnetic signals according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • voltage or current monitoring devices are arranged distributedly on the overhead ground wire, combined with supporting data processing and communication modules, to monitor the induced voltage or current on the ground wire in real time; the induced voltage or current on the ground wire is coupled out
  • galloping frequency component data is sent to data processing terminal;
  • the interval that galloping takes place and the frequency and amplitude of galloping are determined according to galloping recognition and positioning algorithm;
  • the position of the device with the largest characteristic frequency component determines the location where galloping occurs, realizes galloping positioning and does not need to install monitoring devices step by step, which greatly reduces the cost of galloping monitoring and positioning.
  • the present application also proposes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the methods of the above-mentioned embodiments are implemented.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features.
  • the features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features.
  • “plurality” means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.
  • a "computer-readable medium” may be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate or transmit a program for use in or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, device or device.
  • computer-readable media include the following: electrical connection with one or more wires (electronic device), portable computer disk case (magnetic device), random access memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable and Editable Read Only Memory (EPROM or Flash Memory), Fiber Optic Devices, and Portable Compact Disc Read Only Memory (CDROM).
  • the computer-readable medium may even be paper or other suitable medium on which the program can be printed, as it may be possible, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium, followed by editing, interpreting, or other suitable processing if necessary.
  • the program is processed electronically and stored in computer memory.
  • each part of the present application may be realized by hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof.
  • various steps or methods may be implemented by software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system.
  • a suitable instruction execution system For example, if implemented in hardware as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one or a combination of the following techniques known in the art: a discrete Logic circuits, ASICs with suitable combinational logic gates, Programmable Gate Arrays (PGA), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), etc.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing module, each unit may exist separately physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one module.
  • the above-mentioned integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software function modules. If the integrated modules are implemented in the form of software function modules and sold or used as independent products, they can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the storage medium mentioned above may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and the like.

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Abstract

一种基于地线电磁信号的输电线路导线位置信息在线监测方法，包括：在架空线路地线上安装电压或电流监测装置，结合配套的数据处理和通信模块，实时监测地线上的感应电压或感应电流(101)；当感应电压或感应电流发生变化时，经相关模块判断后将变化前后的地线感应电压或感应电流值发送至数据处理端(102)；结合线路运行电流大小以及采集到的地线电磁信号变化情况，反推导、地线间的互感变化情况，基于此进一步反推导线位置的变化情况(103)；根据导线位置变化情况实现输电线路导线位置现象和运动状态的在线监测(104)。解决现有方法涉及到的传感器较多，成本高且安装困难的问题，从而提高可行性，降低成本。

Description

基于地线电磁信号的输电线路导线位置信息在线监测方法 技术领域
本申请涉及高电压技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于地线电磁信号的输电线路导线位置信息在线监测方法及其装置。
背景技术
输电线路导线在自然环境中容易遭受地理环境恶劣、气候变化带来的破坏，以及人为需要对线路技术进行革新时带来的问题，包括：导线覆冰、导线风偏、导线舞动以及线路增容时导致导线温度过高、线路弧垂增加的问题，
其中，导线的覆冰主要包括两种类型：雾凇和雨凇，通常来说雾凇密度较小、冻结不紧实；而雨凇密度大且附着能力强，易在导线周围形成冰壳，常会引起过荷载、冰闪、舞动、脱冰跳跃等现象，会严重影响线路正常运行，如冰灾引发大量线路断线、杆塔倒塌。故讨论覆冰问题时主要针对雨凇的情况；
风偏是指输电线路导线在风的作用下偏离其垂直位置的现象，主要包括跳线风偏、相间风偏以及绝缘子风偏。导线的风偏和舞动有所不同。在风速过大或者过小的情况下，导线一般不发生舞动；而对于风偏，风速越大的时候，风偏现象就会越严重，风偏会导致线间或线塔间的距离过小，进而导致闪络或跳闸故障。由于风的连续性，风偏闪络跳闸后一般无法成功重合闸，从而导致线路的停运，给电力系统的安全运行带来了巨大危害；
导线舞动是导线的一种异常运动状态，其主要表现为一种低频率、大振幅的振动现象，伴随着导线的扭转。舞动会对输电线路造成较大的危害，一般表现为导致碰线短路和闪络跳闸或者导致线路金具磨损、间隔棒断裂、跳线脱落、铁塔螺栓松动脱落、塔架破坏等，给电力系统安全稳定运行带来了巨大的挑战；
随着经济和社会的飞速发展，人民的生产生活对用电的需求日益提高，部分线路受现有的输电线路技术规范的制约，严重限制了电力输送容量的增长。为解决这一问题，相关专家提出了线路增容的方案，即突破现有的线路技术规范，将导线准许的运行温度提升10或20摄氏度，进而提高线路输送电能的能力。但由于线路温度的升高，导线热胀冷缩，进而导线的弧垂会增大。当导线弧垂过大时，会危及输电线路的正常运行和周围事物的安全。
针对上述输电线路运行时出现的问题，目前已有相应的技术手段，但仍存在准确性低、成本较高、安装维修困难等各种问题，不适合现场应用，具体而言：
对于架空线路导线覆冰厚度进行实时在线监测，目前常采取的监测手段为利用监控摄像头获取现场视频画面，进而监测线路覆冰情况。该方法有如下缺点：a.可监测距离短；b.无法直接判断覆冰厚度，只能进行粗略估计；c.供电问题受到制约；
目前较为常用的线路弧垂监测方法为在导线上安装数个拉力传感器，通过力学分析的方式判断线路导线的弧垂情况。但该种方法涉及到的传感器较多，成本高且安装困难，同时其计算原理复杂，并且在传感器故障时会影响线路的正常运行。
目前针对架空输电线路风偏的在线监测方法主要为在导线上安装运动传感器，上述方法存在着需要传感器数量多、安装维护需停电操作、监测装置供电困难等问题。
目前一般通过视频监控方式观察输电线路导线的舞动，但当地区环境恶劣或者信号不好，不利于图 像的采集，并且因为视频采集的图像分辨率不高，对实时状态的收集也会产生影响。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种基于地线电磁信号的输电线路导线位置信息在线监测方法及其装置，对输电线路导线的舞动、覆冰、风偏以及动态增容时的导线弧垂进行在线监测。通过对输电线路进行在线监测，可以实现对输电线路故障或隐患的快速识别和定位，对于提高电力系统的安全性、可靠性、稳定性具有重要意义。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种基于地线电磁信号的输电线路导线位置信息在线监测方法，该方法包括：在架空线路地线上安装电压监测装置或电流监测装置，结合配套的数据处理和通信模块，实时监测地线上的感应电压或感应电流；当感应电压或感应电流发生变化时，经相关模块判断后将变化前后的地线感应电压或感应电流值发送至数据处理端；结合线路运行电流大小以及采集到的地线电磁信号变化情况，反推导、地线间的互感变化情况，基于此进一步反推导线位置变化情况；根据导线位置变化情况实现输电线路导线位置信息和运动状态的在线监测。
在该技术方案中，通过在架空线路地线上安装电压监测装置或电流监测装置，结合配套的数据处理和通信模块，实时监测地线上的感应电压或感应电流；当感应电压或感应电流发生变化时，经相关模块判断后将变化前后的地线感应电压或感应电流值发送至数据处理端；结合线路运行电流大小以及采集到的地线电磁信号变化情况，反推导、地线间的互感变化情况，基于此进一步反推导线位置变化情况；根据导线位置变化情况实现输电线导线位置信息和运动状态的在线监测。由此，能够解决现有方法涉及到的传感器较多，效果不理想，成本高且安装困难的问题，同时还可以解决现有方法计算原理复杂，并且在传感器故障时会影响线路正常运行的技术问题，能够通过地线电磁信号和导线电流的信息判断导线位置或运动状态的变化情况。同时本方案利用地线工频电磁感应电压或电流进行在线取能，因此无需额外电源，可实现自供电地对线路状态进行在线监测。并且安装的装置体积小、故障代价低，发生故障的时候不影响线路正常运行。本申请提出的基于分段绝缘地线感应电压或OPGW(Optical Fiber Composite Overhead Ground Wire，光纤复合架空地线)感应电流的架空线路导线监测方法，原理简单，成本低，并且安装维修简便，可行性高。
在一种实现方式中，导线位置变化情况，包括：
导线弧垂变化情况、导线风偏情况。
在一种可选的实现方式中，对导线弧垂变化情况进行在线监测，包括：
综合考虑导线电流的变化情况和监测到的地线电压或电流变化情况来分析判断导地线间的互感变化情况；
根据导地线间的互感变化情况反推导地线间的距离变化情况；
根据导地线间的距离变化情况进一步细化得到导线的弧垂变化情况；
根据导线弧垂变化情况进行判断，当导线最大弧垂超过预设阈值时发出警报。
在一种可能的实现方式中，造成弧垂变化情况的原因包括：输电线路动态增容、导线覆冰。
在一种可选的实现方式中，当造成弧垂变化情况的原因为导线覆冰时，还包括：
在考虑了导线形变的基础上，分析冰的重力对导线比载、水平应力和最大弧垂的影响，得到导线水平应力以及最大弧垂与覆冰厚度的关系。
可选地，该方法还可以包括：对导线风偏情况进行在线监测，包括：
基于监测到的地线电压或电流变化情况来分析判断导、地线间的互感变化情况；
根据导、地线间的互感变化情况反推导、地线间的距离变化情况；
根据导、地线间的距离变化情况进一步细化得到导线的空间位置变化情况；
根据导线空间位置变化情况反推线路风偏情况；
根据导线风偏情况进行判断，当导线最大偏移量超过预设阈值时发出警报。
在一种可能的实现方式中，方法还包括：
利用地线上的感应电压或感应电流对监测装置进行供电，实现自供电。
在一种可选的实现方式中，还包括，对输电线路舞动情况进行在线监测和定位，其中，对输电线路舞动情况进行在线监测和定位，包括：
步骤S1：获取架空线路的相关参数，并根据相关参数构建地线等效电路；
步骤S2：实时监测地线上的电磁信号并对其进行频谱分析；
步骤S3：当频谱分析出现频率异常信号时发送频率异常信号至数据处理端，生成分析结果；
步骤S4：根据分析结果确定线路舞动的频率、位置和幅度；
步骤S5：不断重复步骤S2、S3、S4，当计算出的舞动幅值结果超过预设阈值后发出警报。
在该技术方案中，通过获取架空线路的相关参数用于构建地线等效电路，并进一步实时监测地线中电流或电压，实现了对线路舞动的定位。在实现舞动的定位时不需要逐档安装监测装置，大幅地削减了舞动监测和定位的成本。
可选地，该方法还可以包括：根据分析结果确定线路舞动的频率、位置和幅度，包括：
确定导线舞动频率；
根据导线舞动频率获取对应舞动产生的信号频率分量的相位信息；
根据相位信息确定线路舞动的位置；
根据线路舞动的位置以及监测到的地线电磁信号计算舞动幅度。
第二方面，本申请提出了一种非临时性计算机可读存储介质，当所述存储介质中的指令由处理器被执行时，能够执行上述第一方面所述的方法。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或背景技术中的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例或背景技术中所需要使用的附图进行说明。
图1为本申请实施例一所提供的一种基于地线电磁信号的输电线路导线位置信息在线监测方法的流程示意图；
图2为本申请实施例所提供的地线感应原理示意图；
图3为本申请实施例所提供的监测方案示意图；
图4为本申请实施例所提供的导线弧垂计算示意图；
图5为本申请实施例所提供的导线最大弧垂与水平应力随覆冰厚度变化情况示意图；
图6为本申请实施例所提供的不同覆冰厚度下的导线弧垂情况示意图；
图7为本申请实施例所提供的地线感应电流随覆冰厚度变化情况示意图；
图8为本申请实施例所提供的基于地线电磁信号的输电线路动态增容时弧垂监测方法的原理框图；
图9为本申请实施例所提供的不同导线相电流下基于地线电磁信号的输电线路动态增容时弧垂监测方法的导线弧垂对地线感应电流的影响示意图；
图10为本申请实施例所提供的不同导线相电流下基于地线电磁信号的输电线路增容时弧垂监测方法的导线弧垂对地线绝缘子两端电压的影响示意图；
图11为本申请实施例所提供的在监测输电线路风偏时导线空间位置计算示意图；
图12为本申请实施例所提供的地线感应电流随风偏程度变化情况示意图；
图13为本申请实施例提供的基于地线电磁信号的架空线路舞动定位方法的流程图；
图14为本申请实施例提供的导线舞动时分段绝缘地线上的感应电压的波形图；
图15为本申请实施例提供的导线舞动时OPGW上的感应电流的波形图；
图16为本申请实施例提供的舞动频率分量大小与舞动幅值关系图；
图17为本申请实施例提供的测量位置与电流相位差关系图；
图18为本申请实施例提供的舞动频率分量沿线幅值衰减规律的关系图；
图19为本申请实施例提供的多档距舞动定位示意图；
图20为本申请实施例提供的基于地线电磁信号的架空线路舞动定位算法框图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
下面参考附图描述本申请实施例的基于地线电磁信号的输电线路导线位置信息在线监测方法和装置。
图1为本申请实施例一所提供的一种基于地线电磁信号的输电线路导线位置信息在线监测方法的流程示意图。
如图1所示，该基于地线电磁信号的输电线路导线位置信息在线监测方法包括以下步骤：
步骤101，在架空线路地线上安装电压监测装置或电流监测装置，结合配套的数据处理和通信模块，实时监测地线上的感应电压或感应电流；
步骤102，当感应电压或感应电流发生变化时，经相关模块判断后将变化前后的地线感应电压或感应电流值发送至数据处理端；
步骤103，结合线路运行电流大小以及采集到的地线电磁信号变化情况，反推导、地线间的互感变化情况，基于此进一步反推导线位置变化情况；
步骤104，根据导线位置变化情况实现输电线路导线位置信息和运动状态的在线监测。
本申请实施例的基于地线电磁信号的输电线路导线位置信息在线监测方法，通过在架空线路地线上安装电压监测装置或电流监测装置，结合配套的数据处理和通信模块，实时监测地线上的感应电压或感应电流；当感应电压或感应电流发生变化时，经相关模块判断后将变化前后的地线感应电压或感应电流值发送至数据处理端；结合线路运行电流大小变化情况以及采集到的地线电磁信号变化情况，反推导、地线间的互感变化情况，基于此进一步反推导线变化情况；根据导线位置变化情况实现输电线路导线位置信息和运动状态的在线监测。由此，能够解决现有方法涉及到的传感器较多，成本高且安装困难的问题，同时还可以解决现有方法计算原理复杂，并且在传感器故障时会影响线路正常运行的技术问题，能 够通过地线电磁信号和导线电流的信息判断线路的变化情况，同时无需额外电源，可实现自供电地对线路状态进行在线监测，并且安装的装置体积小、故障代价低，发生故障的时候不影响线路正常运行。本申请提出的基于分段绝缘地线感应电压或OPGW(Optical Fiber Composite Overhead Ground Wire，光纤复合架空地线)感应电流的架空线路导线监测方法，原理简单，成本低，并且安装维修简便，可行性高。
进一步地，在本申请实施例中，导线变化情况，包括：
导线弧垂变化情况、导线风偏情况；
具体地，在本申请实施例中，对导线弧垂变化情况进行在线监测，包括：
综合考虑导线电流和监测到的地线电压或电流变化情况来分析判断导地线间的互感变化情况；
根据导地线间的互感变化情况反推导地线间的距离变化情况；
根据导地线间的距离变化情况进一步细化得到导线的弧垂变化情况；
根据导线弧垂变化情况进行判断，当导线最大弧垂超过预设阈值时发出警报。
进一步地，在本申请实施例中，造成弧垂变化情况的原因包括：输电线路动态增容、导线覆冰。
具体地，在本申请实施例中，当造成弧垂变化情况的原因为导线覆冰时，还包括：
在考虑了导线形变的基础上，分析冰的重力对导线比载、水平应力和最大弧垂的影响，得到导线水平应力以及最大弧垂与覆冰厚度的关系。
进一步地，在本申请实施例中，对导线风偏情况进行在线监测，包括：
基于监测到的地线电压或电流变化情况来分析判断导、地线间的互感变化情况；
根据导、地线间的互感变化情况反推导、地线间的距离变化情况；
根据导、地线间的距离变化情况进一步细化得到导线的空间位置变化情况；
根据导线空间位置变化情况反推线路风偏情况；
根据导线风偏情况进行判断，当导线最大偏移量超过预设阈值时发出警报。
具体地，在本申请实施例中，方法还包括：
利用地线上的感应电压或感应电流对监测装置进行供电，实现自供电。
具体地，在本申请实施例中，还包括，对输电线路舞动情况进行在线监测，其中，对输电线路舞动情况进行在线监测，包括：
步骤S1：获取架空线路的相关参数，并根据相关参数构建地线等效电路；
步骤S2：实时监测地线上的电磁信号并对其进行频谱分析；
步骤S3：当频谱分析出现频率异常信号时发送频率异常信号至数据处理端，生成分析结果；
步骤S4：根据分析结果确定线路舞动的频率、位置和幅度；
步骤S5：不断重复步骤S2、S3、S4，当计算出的舞动幅值结果超过预设阈值后发出警报。
进一步地，在本申请实施例中，根据分析结果确定线路舞动的频率、位置和幅度，包括：
确定导线舞动频率；
根据导线舞动频率获取对应舞动产生的信号频率分量的相位信息；
根据相位信息确定线路舞动的位置；
根据线路舞动的位置和监测到的地线电磁信号计算舞动幅度。
在交流输电线路正常通电运行时，导线中的工频交变电流会在空间中产生变化磁场，该变化磁场作用在“地线—大地”或两根地线构成的回路上时，会产生感应电压进而产生感应电流，该现象的基本原理为法拉第电磁感应定律，示意图如图2所示，法拉第电磁感应定律表示为：
Figure PCTCN2022092079-appb-000001
本申请以该定律为理论基础进行基于地线电磁信号的输电线路导线位置信息和运动状态的在线监测。
下面以基于地线电磁信号的架空线路的覆冰监测为例详细介绍本申请提出的基于地线电磁信号的输电线路导线位置信息在线监测方法。
当线路发生覆冰时，导线会因冰的重力产生弧垂的变化，即导、地线间的距离发生变化，进而造成导、地线间的互感发生变化，在线路电流一定时地线上的感应电压和感应电流也会随之变化，并且覆冰越厚，地线电磁信号变化越大，故可利用地线的电磁信号对线路覆冰情况进行在线监测，如图3所示。
由上述内容可知，本实例首先基于监测到的地线电压或电流变化情况来分析判断导、地线间的互感变化情况，之后反推导、地线间的距离变化情况，然后根据导、地线间的距离变化情况进一步细化得到导线的弧垂变化，最后根据导线弧垂变化情况反推线路覆冰厚度，具体地：
通过地线电磁信号变化情况得到导线、地线之间的互感变化情况，第一公式表示为：
E G＝Z GLI L，
其中，E G为地线上单位长度压降，Z GL为导、地线间互感，I L为导线电流；
通过导、地线互感变化情况，得到导、地线之间距离变化情况，第二公式表示为：
Figure PCTCN2022092079-appb-000002
其中，Z ij表示第i个导、地线和第j个导、地线之间的互感，d ij为第i个导体与第j个导体间的距离，D g为导线对大地的镜像等值深度，单位为m，可取
Figure PCTCN2022092079-appb-000003
其中ρ为土壤电阻率(Ω·m)，f为工频频率(Hz)；
根据导、地线间的距离变化情况进一步细化得到导线的弧垂变化，在计算导线弧垂时应用导线的悬链线模型，并出于计算简便考虑，使用平抛物线公式来代替相关的悬链线公式，以导线一端悬挂点位原点时，具体如图4所示，第三公式表示为：
Figure PCTCN2022092079-appb-000004
其中，y是位于x处的导线的垂直位置；β为高差角，
Figure PCTCN2022092079-appb-000005
其中，h为导线两端悬挂点的高度差，l为该段导线的档距；γ为导线的比载，单位为N/(m·mm 2)；σ 0为导线各点的水平应力，单位为N/mm 2；
根据导线弧垂变化情况反推线路覆冰厚度，包括：
在考虑了导线形变的基础上，分析冰的重力对导线比载、水平应力和最大弧垂的影响，得到导线水 平应力以及最大弧垂与覆冰厚度的关系。
其中，在不考虑风的作用时，计算导线覆冰后的比载，第四公式表示为：
Figure PCTCN2022092079-appb-000006
其中，ρ 1为导线的单位荷载，为出厂已知参数，单位为kg/m；δ为导线的覆冰厚度，单位为mm；d为导线的直径，单位为mm；A为导线的截面积，单位为mm 2。
具体地，计算时设置导线悬挂点高度差为0，导线档距为500m，选取的导线型号为四分裂的JLHA1/GA1-400/95，其具体参数如表1所示。计算时还结合相关仿真软件考虑了覆冰与温度变化导致导线的形变，所以在此基础上我们可以得到导线最大弧垂以及导线各点水平应力与覆冰厚度的关系，如图5所示，并且可以进一步得到导线弧垂情况随覆冰厚度的变化，如图6所示。根据计算结果我们可以看出，导线的最大弧垂以及导线的水平应力随覆冰厚度的增加而近似呈线性增加。得到导线弧垂情况随覆冰厚度的变化后，以普通地线分段绝缘、OPGW逐塔接地的地线运行方式为例，结合相关计算推导，可以得到地线上感应电流随覆冰厚度的变化规律，如图7所示。
表1
Figure PCTCN2022092079-appb-000007
得到上述地线感应电流随覆冰厚度变化关系后，在后续实际应用中即可根据监测到的地线感应电流反推该型号线路下的导线覆冰厚度值。利用地线感应电压监测时的方法和效果同理。
下面以基于地线电磁信号的输电线路增容时弧垂监测为例详细介绍本申请提出的基于地线电磁信号的输电线路导线位置信息在线监测方法。
当线路发生采取增容措施时，导线会因发热膨胀而产生弧垂的变化，即导、地线间的距离发生变化，进而造成导、地线间的互感发生变化，故地线上的感应电压和感应电流不仅会随线路电流的变化而变化，还会因弧垂的变化而产生变化。故在掌握线路电流信息的条件下，可利用地线的电磁信号对线路增容时的弧垂情况进行在线监测。具体原理框图如图8所示。
由上述内容可知，本实例首先结合线路运行电流大小变化情况以及采集到的地线电磁信号变化情况，反推导、地线间的互感变化情况，基于此进一步反推导线弧垂变化情况，包括：
综合考虑动态增容时导线电流的变化情况和监测到的地线电压或电流变化情况来分析判断导地线间的互感变化情况，采用第一公式根据导线电流的变化情况和监测到的地线电压或电流变化情况得到导地线间的互感变化情况，第一公式表示为：
E G＝Z GLI L
其中，E G为地线上单位长度压降，Z GL为导地线间互感，I L为导线电流,
以两根地线的单回输电线路为例，第一公式还可以表示为：
Figure PCTCN2022092079-appb-000008
其中，E g1为第一根地线单位长度内压降，E g2为第二根地线单位长度内压降，Z g1a为第一根地线与a相导线间的互阻抗，Z g1b为第一根地线与b相导线间的互阻抗，Z g1c为第一根地线与c相导线间的互阻抗，Z g2a等同理，I a为a相导线电流，I b为b相导线电流，I c为c相导线电流。
利用第二公式根据导地线间的互感变化情况反推导地线间的距离变化情况，第二公式表示为：
Figure PCTCN2022092079-appb-000009
其中，Z ij表示第i个导地线和第j个导地线之间的互感，ω＝2πf，f为导线电信号的频率，D g为导线对大地的镜像等值深度，单位为m，可取
Figure PCTCN2022092079-appb-000010
其中ρ为土壤电阻率(Ω·m)，d ij为第i个导体与第j个导体间的距离。
在实际仿真和计算中，可用数值积分的方式对导地线间的互感进行计算，以获得导线更为精确的各点位置信息。互阻抗可近似认为与互感值相等。以a相导线与第一根地线间的互阻抗计算为例，将导线分成n小段，计算之后再累积求和，可表示为：
Figure PCTCN2022092079-appb-000011
其中，Z g1a为第一根地线与a相导线间的互阻抗，ω＝2πf，f为导线电信号的频率(Hz)，d g1a(i)为第i段导线到地线的距离。
采用第三公式根据导地线间的距离变化情况进一步细化得到导线的弧垂变化情况，第三公式表示为：
Figure PCTCN2022092079-appb-000012
其中，y表示位于x处的导线的垂直位置，β为高差角，
Figure PCTCN2022092079-appb-000013
h为导线两端悬挂点的高度差，l表示线路档距的长度，γ为导线的比载，单位为N/(m·mm 2)，σ 0为导线各点的水平应力，单位为N/mm 2。在计算导线弧垂时应用导线的悬链线模型，并出于计算简便考虑，使用平抛物线公式来代替相关的悬链线公式，以导线某一端悬挂点为原点。y对应图4中的y，即选择某段导线(或地线)的一端为原点后，该段内各位置处导线在竖直方向上的位置，如图4所示，A、B为导线两端的悬挂点，O为导线悬链线模型最低点即最大弧垂处，h为导线两悬挂点的高度差，l导线两悬挂点间的水平距离即线路档距，f m为导线最大弧垂。
对于某段实际的输电线路，导线和地线的两端的悬挂点都是固定的，所以在线路正常运行时，导线和地线在竖直空间上的位置便可由第三公式计算(在线路额定工况下运行时γ和σ 0两个参数是已知的)，即导线和地线都有弧垂但二者相对位置不变。
当线路进行增容时，导线电流增大、发热增多、受热膨胀，第三公式中的γ和σ 0两个参数发生变 化。本申请利用地线电压或电流信号的变化情况得到导地线距离变化情况，由于地线各处位置是不变的，是最开始由第三公式计算得到的，所以可以得到导线的各处位置。
第三公式能够算出原本的导地线竖直方向上的位置，然后结合导地线距离的变化，得到增容后导线在竖直方向上各点的位置，即弧垂变化情况。
本申请实施例将计算时设置导线悬挂点高度差为0，导线档距为500m，选取的导线型号为四分裂的JLHA1/GA1-400/95，其具体参数如表二所示。
表2
Figure PCTCN2022092079-appb-000014
图9为本申请实施例的不同相电流下基于地线电磁信号的输电线路增容时弧垂监测方法的导线弧垂对地线电流的影响示意图。
如图9所示，当地线运行方式为双OPGW逐塔接地，并且线路导线电流一定时，地线感应电流信号随导线最大弧垂的增加而近似线性减小，可利用此规律根据地线的电流变化情况反推导线弧垂的变化。
图10为本申请实施例的不同相电流下基于地线电磁信号的输电线路增容时弧垂监测方法的导线弧垂对地线绝缘子两端电压的影响示意图。
如图10所示，当地线运行方式为普通地线分段绝缘、OPGW逐塔接地，并且线路导线电流一定时，地线感应电压信号随导线最大弧垂的增加而近似线性减小，可利用此规律根据地线的电压变化情况反推导线弧垂的变化。
得到不同导线电流下地线感应电流和感应电压随线路弧垂的变化关系后，在后续实际应用中即可根据监测到的地线感应信号反推该型号线路下的导线弧垂情况。
下面以基于地线电磁信号的架空线路风偏监测方法为例详细介绍本申请提出的基于地线电磁信号的输电线路导线位置信息在线监测方法。
当线路发生风偏时，导线在风的作用下以挂点为轴心，弧垂为半径，在空间上发生位置偏移，即导、地线间的距离发生变化，进而造成导、地线间的互感发生变化，在线路电流一定时地线上的感应电压和感应电流也会随之变化，并且风偏越严重，地线电磁信号变化越大，故可利用地线的电磁信号对线路风偏情况进行在线监测，如图3所示。
由上述可知，本实例首先基于监测到的地线电压或电流变化情况来分析判断导、地线间的互感变化情况，之后反推导、地线间的距离变化情况，然后根据导、地线间的距离变化情况进一步细化得到导线的空间位置变化情况，最后根据导线空间位置变化情况反推线路风偏情况，并根据所述导线风偏情况进行判断，当导线最大偏移量超过预设阈值时发出警报，具体地：
通过地线电磁信号变化情况得到导线、地线之间的互感变化情况，第一公式表示为：
E G＝Z GLI L，
其中，E G为地线上单位长度压降，Z GL为为导、地线间互感，I L为导线电流；
通过导、地线互感变化情况，得到导、地线之间距离变化情况，第二公式表示为：
Figure PCTCN2022092079-appb-000015
其中，Z ij表示第i个导、地线和第j个导、地线之间的互感，d ij为第i个导体与第j个导体间的距离，D g为导线对大地的镜像等值深度，单位为m，可取
Figure PCTCN2022092079-appb-000016
其中ρ为土壤电阻率(Ω·m)，f为工频频率(Hz)；
在分析风偏导致的导地线间距离变化问题时，首先需要引入考虑弧垂的导线方程。由于架空输电线路两个悬挂点之间的距离较大，所以导线刚性对其悬挂时的形状影响小，可以用“悬链线”模型加以描述，第三公式表示为：
Figure PCTCN2022092079-appb-000017
其中，q为导线单位的载荷，T为导线张力的水平，这两个均为力学有关的参数；而x 0、y 0描述导线的相对位置，即可以通过这两个参数确定坐标原点。
进一步地，根据所述导线风偏情况进行判断，当导线最大偏移量超过预设阈值时发出警报。
当导线发生风偏时，导线不再是平面内的悬链线方程形式，而是沿纵向偏离一定距离的“斜的悬链线”，如图11所示。
此时引入横向偏移量z去描述导线最低点横向的偏移距离，z为正时表示向外，为负时表示向内。如果认为导线各点所受的风力均匀或者差别不大，那么可用图中白色直角三角形对导线的横向和纵向偏移的关系进行描述，即各点的横向偏移量与其纵向偏移量呈线性关系。
整个档距内的导线位置可以由a,z两个参数决定，纵向偏移量用下式表出：
Figure PCTCN2022092079-appb-000018
式中，夹角
Figure PCTCN2022092079-appb-000019
具体地，计算时设置导线悬挂点高度差为0，导线档距为500m，选取的导线型号为四分裂的JLHA1/GA1-400/95，其具体参数如表3所示。以导线距无风正常悬挂时位置的偏移距离衡量风偏程度大小，即图11中的z值，在普通地线分段绝缘、OPGW逐塔接地的地线运行方式下，计算得到z值对地线感应电流的影响情况如图12所示(固定导线弧垂为16m)。根据结果可以看出地线感应电流大小近似与风偏时导线水平偏移量成正比。
表3
Figure PCTCN2022092079-appb-000020
得到上述地线感应电流随风偏时水平偏移变化关系后，在后续实际应用中即可根据监测到的地线感应电流反推该型号线路下的导线风偏程度。利用地线感应电压监测时的方法和效果同理。
下面以基于地线电磁信号的输电线路导线位置信息在线监测方法。
本实施例提供的基于地线电磁信号的架空线路舞动定位方法的流程图，如图13所示，包括以下步骤：
步骤101，获取架空线路的相关参数，并根据相关参数构建地线等效电路。
本实施例中，获取架空线路的相关参数，如导地线对地高度、档距、导地线型号等以构建地线等效电路，后可基于此推导出现故障信号时信号沿地线传播的相位和幅值衰减规律，便于后续对舞动特征反推和定位。
步骤102，实时监测地线上的电磁信号并对其进行频谱分析。
本实施例中，地线上的电磁信号，包括以下的至少一项：分段地线绝缘子两端电压；光纤复合架空地线OPGW上的感应电流，当线路导线发生舞动时，导线在竖直方向的位置会发生周期性变化，进而造成导、地线间的互感发生周期性的变化，在线路电流一定时地线上的感应电压和感应电压流也会随之变化。
可以通过在地线上加装电流互感器，用来监测OPGW上的感应电流；或者通过在地线绝缘子两端加装电压传感器，用来检测分段地线绝缘子两端的电压。即通过布置电压或电流监测装置，可以实时检测地线上的感应电流或感应电压，分别如图14和15图所示。通过获取所述地线上的感应电压或感应电流，对感应电压或感应电流做信号的频谱分析。
步骤103，当频谱分析出现频率异常信号时发送频率异常信号至数据处理端，生成分析结果。
本实施例中，如果电磁信号发现异常频率分量，即地线感应电压或感应电流耦合出舞动频率分量时其中，所述舞动频率分量为导线垂直方向位置发生变化时，在工频电磁感应信号的基础上耦合的一个额外的低频分量。
如果所述电路参数未发现异常频率信号，则继续对地线电磁信号进行实时监测。
步骤104，根据分析结果确定线路舞动的频率、位置和幅度。
本实施例中，根据步骤103可得到所述舞动频率分量，线路舞动时，线路上会耦合出线路舞动分量，结合配套的数据处理和通信模块可以得到，舞动频率分量的幅值与舞动幅度呈现非常好的线性关系，如图16所示，当线路电流一定时，地线电磁信号耦合出的舞动对应的频率分量的幅值便可与舞动的幅度一一对应。如图17所示，在地线运行方式为普通地线分段绝缘、OPGW逐塔接地的情况下，舞动时叠加在OPGW地线感应电流上的相关频率分量沿线传播时相位近似线性变化，故可以根据此特性，分布式布置监测装置，通过后续算法处理来判断发生舞动的档位。如图18所示，舞动频率对应信号的幅值在沿线传播时也会衰减。经拟合可得，舞动幅值沿线呈指数衰减，对于固定线路，指数衰减表达式中的参数为一定的，经判断得到舞动位置后可基于此规律，结合分布式监测到的地线电磁信号，利用监测装置和舞动处的间隔档数，反推舞动处的舞动幅值，
具体地，根据分析结果确定线路舞动的频率、位置和幅度，包括：
确定导线舞动频率，在地线上出现舞动频率分量时，通过配套的数据处理和通信模块，可以计算出舞动对应频率分量的频率及幅值；
根据导线舞动频率获取对应舞动产生的信号频率分量的相位信息，当导线发生舞动时，地线上感应的电磁信号会出现对应的50±f cHz的频率分量，其中f c为导线舞动的频率。也就是说，若发生舞动， 在监测时会发现两个明显高于其他频率的非基频分量，频率分量的两个重要参数为幅值和相位，所以获取相位信息是指计算50±f cHz的频率分量的相位；
根据信号相位信息确定线路舞动的位置，在地线运行方式为普通地线分段绝缘、OPGW逐塔接地的情况下，舞动时叠加在地线感应电流上的相关频率分量沿线传播时相位近似线性变化，故可以根据此特性，通过安装分布式布置监测装置和后续算法处理来判断发生舞动的位置；
根据线路舞动的位置和监测到的地线电磁信号计算舞动幅度，如图18所示，舞动幅值沿线呈指数衰减，对于固定线路，指数衰减表达式中的参数为一定的，在得到舞动区间后，可以根据数学表达式，确定舞动的幅度。
本实施例中根据信号相位信息确定线路舞动的位置，包括：首先确定监测到最大特征频率分量的装置的位置，之后比较该装置与其两侧相邻装置所监测到的特征频率的相位，最后根据基于地线等效电路得到的特征信号相位沿线传播规律确定线路舞动发生的位置，具体地：
确定监测到最大特征频率分量的装置的位置，本实施例中，监测到最大特征频率分量的装置的位置就是离线路舞动位置最近的位置；
比较该装置与其两侧相邻装置所监测到的特征频率的相位；
根据基于地线等效电路得到的特征信号相位沿线传播规律确定线路舞动发生的位置。
如图17所示，在地线运行方式为普通地线分段绝缘、OPGW逐塔接地的情况下，舞动时叠加在地线感应电流上的相关频率分量沿线传播时相位近似线性变化，故可以根据此特性，通过分布式布置监测装置和后续算法处理来判断发生舞动的位置。
在实际应用中，若每三档安装一个监测设备，包括：
若相邻的两个监测装置监测到的特征分量的相位相同，表示舞动发生在这两个监测装置的中间档位；
若某个监测装置监测到的信号与其两侧装置信号的相位差相同，表示舞动发生在这个档位。
假设多个档距均发生舞动。定义k为舞动特征信号沿线每档的滞后值，图19为一种多档距舞动定位示意图，如图19所示：
以每三档布置一个监测装置为例,如果监测装置1与监测装置2所监测到的舞动频率对应的电流信号相位差在2k～3k之间，则舞动的起点为第3档距；同理，如果监测装置3与监测装置2所监测到的舞动频率对应的电流信号相位差在k～2k之间，则舞动的终点为第6档距。这样，就确定了如图中红色段所示的舞动区间。
图20是根据本申请实施例提供的一种基于地线电磁信号的架空线路舞动定位算法框图。如图20所示，在架空地线上分布式布置电压或电流监测装置，结合配套的数据处理和通信模块，实时监测地线上的感应电压或感应电流；当地线感应电压或感应电流耦合出舞动频率分量时，将数据发送至数据处理端；按舞动识别和定位算法确定舞动发生的区间以及舞动的频率和幅值；当舞动幅度超过一定阈值后发出警报，本实施例中，通过监测到最大特征频率分量的装置的位置，确定了线路舞动发生的位置，实现舞动的定位同时不需要逐档安装监测装置，大幅地削减了舞动监测和定位的成本。
为了实现上述实施例，本申请还提出了一种非临时性计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述实施例的方法。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一 些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
流程图中或在此以其他方式描述的任何过程或方法描述可以被理解为，表示包括一个或更多个用于实现定制逻辑功能或过程的步骤的可执行指令的代码的模块、片段或部分，并且本申请的优选实施方式的范围包括另外的实现，其中可以不按所示出或讨论的顺序，包括根据所涉及的功能按基本同时的方式或按相反的顺序，来执行功能，这应被本申请的实施例所属技术领域的技术人员所理解。
在流程图中表示或在此以其他方式描述的逻辑和/或步骤，例如，可以被认为是用于实现逻辑功能的可执行指令的定序列表，可以具体实现在任何计算机可读介质中，以供指令执行系统、装置或设备(如基于计算机的系统、包括处理器的系统或其他可以从指令执行系统、装置或设备取指令并执行指令的系统)使用，或结合这些指令执行系统、装置或设备而使用。就本说明书而言，"计算机可读介质"可以是任何可以包含、存储、通信、传播或传输程序以供指令执行系统、装置或设备或结合这些指令执行系统、装置或设备而使用的装置。计算机可读介质的更具体的示例(非穷尽性列表)包括以下：具有一个或多个布线的电连接部(电子装置)，便携式计算机盘盒(磁装置)，随机存取存储器(RAM)，只读存储器(ROM)，可擦除可编辑只读存储器(EPROM或闪速存储器)，光纤装置，以及便携式光盘只读存储器(CDROM)。另外，计算机可读介质甚至可以是可在其上打印所述程序的纸或其他合适的介质，因为可以例如通过对纸或其他介质进行光学扫描，接着进行编辑、解译或必要时以其他合适方式进行处理来以电子方式获得所述程序，然后将其存储在计算机存储器中。
应当理解，本申请的各部分可以用硬件、软件、固件或它们的组合来实现。在上述实施方式中，多个步骤或方法可以用存储在存储器中且由合适的指令执行系统执行的软件或固件来实现。如，如果用硬件来实现和在另一实施方式中一样，可用本领域公知的下列技术中的任一项或他们的组合来实现：具有用于对数据信号实现逻辑功能的逻辑门电路的离散逻辑电路，具有合适的组合逻辑门电路的专用集成电路，可编程门阵列(PGA)，现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)等。
本技术领域的普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法携带的全部或部分步骤是可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成，所述的程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质中，该程序在执行时，包括方法实施例的步骤之一或其组合。
此外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理模块中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个模块中。上述集成的模块既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能模块的形式实现。所述集成的模块如果以软件功能模块的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，也可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。
上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器，磁盘或光盘等。尽管上面已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本申请的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本申请的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于地线电磁信号的输电线路导线位置信息在线监测方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    在架空线路地线上安装电压监测装置或电流监测装置，结合配套的数据处理和通信模块，实时监测地线上的感应电压或感应电流；
    当感应电压或感应电流发生变化时，经相关模块判断后将变化前后的地线感应电压或感应电流值发送至数据处理端；
    结合线路运行电流大小以及采集到的地线电磁信号变化情况，反推导、地线间的互感变化情况，基于此进一步反推导线位置变化情况；
    根据所述导线位置变化情况实现输电线路导线位置现象和运动状态的在线监测。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述导线位置变化情况，包括：
    导线弧垂变化情况、导线风偏情况。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，对所述导线弧垂变化情况进行在线监测，包括：
    综合考虑导线电流的变化情况和监测到的地线电压或电流变化情况来分析判断导地线间的互感变化情况；
    根据导地线间的互感变化情况反推导地线间的距离变化情况；
    根据导地线间的距离变化情况进一步细化得到导线的弧垂变化情况；
    根据导线弧垂变化情况进行判断，当导线最大弧垂超过预设阈值时发出警报。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，造成所述弧垂变化情况的原因包括：输电线路增容、导线覆冰。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，当造成所述弧垂变化情况的原因为导线覆冰时，还包括：
    在考虑了导线形变的基础上，分析冰的重力对导线比载、水平应力和最大弧垂的影响，得到导线水平应力以及最大弧垂与覆冰厚度的关系。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，对所述导线风偏情况进行在线监测，包括：
    基于监测到的地线电压或电流变化情况来分析判断导、地线间的互感变化情况；
    根据导、地线间的互感变化情况反推导、地线间的距离变化情况；
    根据导、地线间的距离变化情况进一步细化得到导线的空间位置变化情况；
    根据所述导线空间位置变化情况反推线路风偏情况；
    根据所述导线风偏情况进行判断，当导线最大偏移量超过预设阈值时发出警报。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    利用地线上的感应电压或感应电流对监测装置进行供电，实现自供电。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括，对输电线路舞动情况进行在线监测和定位，其中，所述对输电线路舞动情况进行在线监测和定位，包括：
    步骤S1：获取架空线路的相关参数，并根据相关参数构建地线等效电路；
    步骤S2：实时监测地线上的电磁信号并对其进行频谱分析；
    步骤S3：当频谱分析出现频率异常信号时发送频率异常信号至数据处理端，生成分析结果；
    步骤S4：根据所述分析结果确定线路舞动的频率、位置和幅度；
    步骤S5：不断重复步骤S2、S3、S4，当计算出的舞动幅值结果超过预设阈值后发出警报。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述分析结果确定线路舞动的频率、位置和幅度，包括：
    确定导线舞动频率；
    根据导线舞动频率获取对应舞动产生的信号频率分量的相位信息；
    根据所述相位信息确定线路舞动的位置；
    根据线路舞动的位置和监测到的地线电磁信号计算舞动幅度。
  10. 一种非临时性计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，其特征在于，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如权利要求1-9中任一所述的方法。
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