WO2023099756A1 - Verfahren und einrichtung zur beeinflussung einer fahrgeschwindigkeit eines schienenfahrzeugs - Google Patents
Verfahren und einrichtung zur beeinflussung einer fahrgeschwindigkeit eines schienenfahrzeugs Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023099756A1 WO2023099756A1 PCT/EP2022/084260 EP2022084260W WO2023099756A1 WO 2023099756 A1 WO2023099756 A1 WO 2023099756A1 EP 2022084260 W EP2022084260 W EP 2022084260W WO 2023099756 A1 WO2023099756 A1 WO 2023099756A1
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- Prior art keywords
- friction element
- act
- current
- braking
- element temperature
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
- B60T17/18—Safety devices; Monitoring
- B60T17/22—Devices for monitoring or checking brake systems; Signal devices
- B60T17/228—Devices for monitoring or checking brake systems; Signal devices for railway vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/17—Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking
- B60T8/1701—Braking or traction control means specially adapted for particular types of vehicles
- B60T8/1705—Braking or traction control means specially adapted for particular types of vehicles for rail vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/17—Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking
- B60T8/172—Determining control parameters used in the regulation, e.g. by calculations involving measured or detected parameters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/18—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to vehicle weight or load, e.g. load distribution
- B60T8/1893—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to vehicle weight or load, e.g. load distribution especially adapted for railway vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
- B60T8/321—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration deceleration
- B60T8/3235—Systems specially adapted for rail vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61H—BRAKES OR OTHER RETARDING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAIL VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR DISPOSITION THEREOF IN RAIL VEHICLES
- B61H5/00—Applications or arrangements of brakes with substantially radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
- F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
- F16D55/22—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
- F16D55/224—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
- F16D55/2245—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members in which the common actuating member acts on two levers carrying the braking members, e.g. tong-type brakes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D66/00—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T2270/00—Further aspects of brake control systems not otherwise provided for
- B60T2270/40—Failsafe aspects of brake control systems
- B60T2270/406—Test-mode; Self-diagnosis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D66/00—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
- F16D2066/001—Temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D66/00—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
- F16D2066/003—Position, angle or speed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D66/00—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
- F16D2066/005—Force, torque, stress or strain
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
- F16D2121/02—Fluid pressure
- F16D2121/04—Fluid pressure acting on a piston-type actuator, e.g. for liquid pressure
- F16D2121/06—Fluid pressure acting on a piston-type actuator, e.g. for liquid pressure for releasing a normally applied brake
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
- F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
- F16D2125/58—Mechanical mechanisms transmitting linear movement
- F16D2125/66—Wedges
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for influencing a driving speed of a rail vehicle, which has a friction brake system comprising at least one friction element, according to the preambles of claims 1 and 11 .
- the invention also relates to a rail vehicle with such a device according to claim 19 and a computer program containing the method according to claim 20.
- Rail vehicles often have electrodynamic brakes and, in addition, a friction brake system (blending), with the electrodynamic brakes being primarily used in order to reduce brake wear on the friction brake system. Although some rail vehicles have a friction braking system, they do not have electrodynamic brakes.
- service braking may have to be carried out mainly or exclusively with the friction brake system.
- the fluctuation of the coefficient of friction p of the brake disc/brake pad pairing increases and with it the probability that the coefficient of friction p will decrease.
- Brake fading is understood to mean the reduction in the braking effect of a friction brake system due to heating.
- the maximum speed of the rail vehicle is limited by a maximum permitted speed depending on the situation. Besides that This is intended to minimize undesirable side effects of braking, such as brake wear, brake noise and/or brake smell or smoke.
- the generic WO 2018/054736 A1 discloses a method for influencing a permissible driving speed, among other things, of a rail vehicle in particular with a friction brake system, in which a braking effect is generated by friction elements pressing against one another, at least from information about a speed, a brake pressure and an outside temperature of the vehicle and at least the temperatures of one of the friction elements are predicted over absolute times, with heat conduction through the friction element and speed-dependent cooling of this friction element also being taken into account in order to influence the permissible driving speed, among other things, with regard to a calculated permissible driving profile.
- the heat conduction through the friction element can be taken into account quite precisely in the calculations, since this is a material-dependent influencing factor with a small spread. However, this does not apply to the influencing factor of a speed-dependent cooling of the friction element. This is because influences in this regard, such as a disruption in the air flow or a change in humidity, produce a very high scatter range, which can falsify the forecast result.
- the present invention is based on the object of further developing a method and a device of the type described above in such a way that undesirable side effects during braking are reliably reduced without the speed of the rail vehicle having to be reduced too much.
- a rail vehicle with such a device is also to be made available.
- the background to the considerations according to the invention is that during operation or when the rail vehicle is in motion in a current driving situation, at least one parameter is determined which characterizes the current driving situation, and that, based on the current driving situation, a braking process is fictitiously carried out, for example simulated.
- the initial situation is therefore the current driving operation situation, in which the rail vehicle travels, for example, at a specific speed and load and under specific environmental and route conditions along a route that is, for example, level or has a specific gradient or a specific incline.
- the speed, the load, the gradient or the gradient of the route are then recorded as parameters.
- Undesirable side effects should not only be reduced in relation to the current driving situation, but also remain within a predefined framework in the event that defined braking is carried out in the current driving situation.
- a predictive (predicted) temperature T pred would then set on or in the at least one friction brake element, which is calculated or estimated using a model.
- the predicted temperature T pred of the friction element is the sum of the current temperature T act and the temperature rise AT that results from a fictitious braking:
- the predicted temperature T pred that is calculated or estimated on the basis of the current driving situation and the fictitious braking process performed , would then cause a certain level of an undesirable first side effect in the form of brake wear on the friction element, and/or a certain level of an undesirable second side effect in the form of brake noise, and/or a certain level of an undesired third side effect in the form of brake smoke or brake smell .
- the invention is based on the finding that the undesired side effects each correspond to a specific maximum allowable brake element temperature T max that must not be exceeded during ferry operation so that the extent of the respective side effect remains below a desired limit.
- the predictive friction element temperature (T pred ) of the friction element (1, 2) has a specific maximum permitted driving speed (v maxA n 0W ed) of the rail vehicle related to at least one of the accompanying phenomena in an assignment (r) is assigned, in which the extent of the respective accompanying phenomenon occurring at the predicted friction element temperature (T pred ) of the friction element (1, 2) is as great as a maximum permitted extent of this accompanying phenomenon of the predicted friction element temperature (T pred ) of the friction element, and in addition the current friction element temperature (T act ) or the predicted friction element temperature (T P red) of the friction element (1, 2) with a maximum friction element temperature (T max ) related to this accompanying phenomenon of the friction element (1, 2) is compared.
- the resulting comparison result is evaluated according to the invention on a case-by-case basis in order to force a speed reduction in a critical driving situation mentioned first below, whereas a speed reduction is recommended in a driving situation that is only questionable.
- a mandatory signal is issued to reduce the driving speed (v) to zero or below the maximum permitted driving speed (v maxA
- T pred the maximum permitted driving speed
- 0W ed the maximum permitted driving speed
- v min the maximum permitted driving speed
- 0W ed the maximum permitted driving speed
- the driving speed of the rail vehicle is limited as a function of temperature in such a way that when braking, the extent of at least one of several side effects that are harmful to the environment or components, in particular brake lining wear, brake noise and brake smell, right through to brake smoke, is reduced on a case-by-case basis.
- This enables a differentiated response to driving situations that cause undesirable side effects, which is then responded to appropriately. In this way, in particular, an energy-consuming overreaction to a driving situation that is only questionable can also be avoided.
- the predictive temperature T pred of the friction member Since the predictive temperature T pred of the friction member has a significant influence on each degree of the above-mentioned side effects, the predictive temperature T pred of the friction element is considered to represent the level of the side effect.
- the predicted temperature T pred of the friction element and the driving speed v of the rail vehicle, because braking from a relatively high driving speed v entails a relatively high predicted temperature T pred .
- a correlation or association between the predicted temperature T pred and the running speed v of the rail vehicle is therefore established in the model.
- the model determines a specific maximum permissible driving speed VmaxAiiowed, which is related to the respective side effect(s) and which not only takes into account the current driving operation situation, but also a fictitious braking operation. This means that if, for example, the railcar driver or an Automatic Train Operation (ATO) in a driving situation with a driving speed v, which is at most as large as the specific maximum permitted driving speed v maxA n owed , a would cause braking, then the respective side effect would still be in the permitted range.
- ATO Automatic Train Operation
- the speed potential should be exploited, which still exists in a current driving situation until the maximum extent of the relevant side effect(s) is reached, if in the current driving operation situation, for example, the maximum extent of the relevant side effect(s) , for example an upper permissible limit for brake wear and/or for brake smoke and/or for brake smell and/or for brake noise has not yet been reached. Consequently, the specific maximum permissible driving speed v maxA nowed can also represent an optimal speed.
- the invention relates to a method for influencing the driving speed of a rail vehicle, which has a friction brake system comprising at least one friction element, the influencing taking place depending on at least one extent of a first, second or third accompanying phenomenon which occurs in a current driving operation situation of the rail vehicle would result from the braking process that is notionally performed by the friction brake system, with the method a) recording at least one parameter which characterizes the current driving operation situation of the rail vehicle, and in which b) the first side effect is the brake wear caused by the notionally performed braking process in the current driving operation situation of the at least one friction element, and/or as a second side effect, the noise caused in the current driving situation by the fictitious braking process, and/or as a third side effect, the brake smell or smoke caused in the current driving situation by the fictitious braking process, and at a predictive friction element temperature (T pred ) of the friction element is calculated by means of a model, preferably a simulation model, c) on the
- the invention relates to a device for influencing a driving speed of a rail vehicle, which has a friction brake system comprising at least one friction element, the device being designed such that the influencing depends on at least one extent of a first, second or third accompanying phenomenon occurs, which would arise in the event of a braking process that is notionally carried out by the friction brake system in a current driving operation situation of the rail vehicle, the device comprising at least the following: a) Recording means connected to the rail vehicle, which are designed to record at least one parameter , which characterizes the current driving operation situation of the rail vehicle, b) a computing unit in which a model, in particular a simulation model, is implemented, c) a control device which is designed to influence the driving speed of the rail vehicle, d) the model including steps and calculations such states that it d1 ) as a first side effect the brake wear of the at least one friction element caused by the braking process performed fictitiously in the current driving situation, and/or as a second side effect
- one of the three specific maximum permitted driving speeds v maxA nowed could be used as the maximum driving speed of the rail vehicle in sections. It is also conceivable to weight specific maximum permitted driving speeds v maxA nowed for at least two side effects when determining the maximum driving speed of the rail vehicle.
- this specific maximum permitted driving speed v maxA iiowed represents a maximum permitted speed of the rail vehicle, which is based on the first accompanying phenomenon and/or the second concomitant and/or the third concomitant is related. It is of course possible that the rail vehicle is operated at a lower driving speed in relation to the specific maximum permitted driving speed v maxA iiowed.
- this specific maximum permitted driving speed v maxA nowed also represents an optimal speed of the rail vehicle, because the potential described above is then fully utilized.
- a rail vehicle is to be understood here as meaning any type of track-bound vehicle with a drive unit, in particular traction vehicles or also without a drive unit such as wagons in rail vehicle formations and a rail vehicle formation made up of a number of rail vehicles.
- a model should be understood to mean any mathematical model that can be implemented by a storable program in a computing unit and with the help of which the variables mentioned can be calculated based on the parameters.
- the parameter cannot be a temperature variable.
- a purpose of the model is to estimate or calculate the predicted friction element temperature T pred from the at least one parameter, but the predicted friction element temperature T pred is preferably not measured by a temperature sensor. Temperature sensors can then advantageously be avoided, the expense of which for assembly, wiring, calibration and implementation is relatively high.
- the recommendation signal be output in the form of binary acoustic and/or visual speed reduction information until the desired reduction or increase in driving speed (v) is achieved.
- the recommendation signal can be output as special acoustic and/or visual information that indicates the amount by which the driving speed (v) is to be reduced in order to achieve the desired reduction or increase in the driving speed (v).
- a further development of the method proposes that in the model first values of the current friction element temperature T act of the friction element be assigned second values of the running speed v act of the rail vehicle in such a way that a permitted range (T act , v act ) of first values T act and second values v act , at which the magnitude of the first accompanying phenomenon occurring at the predicted friction element temperature of the friction element is at most as great as a maximum permitted magnitude of the first accompanying phenomenon, and/or at which the predicted friction element temperature of the friction element occurring extent of the second accompanying phenomenon is at most as great as a maximum permitted extent of the second accompanying phenomenon, and/or in which the extent of the third accompanying phenomenon occurring at the predicted friction element temperature of the friction element is at most as great as a maximum permitted extent the third side effect.
- the permitted range (T act , v act ) is delimited by an edge curve r, which defines the association between the specific maximum permitted driving speed v maxA iiowed and the predicted friction element temperature T pred .
- the current temperature T act of the friction element is determined, measured or estimated. Furthermore, the current speed v act of the vehicle is known.
- the predictive friction element temperature Tp red is calculated from the given T act and v act , ie the fictitious target temperature if a defined braking were to be carried out at the current time.
- T pred must never be greater than T max ; ideally, T pred is just below it. How large T pred can actually be can be read from the boundary curve r.
- the imaginary braking process can be carried out with a specific braking effect, a specific braking force or with a specific braking pressure or with a specific braking torque.
- the fictitious braking process can also be carried out with a standardized type of braking, with at least one of the following types of braking being used as the standardized type of braking: emergency braking, emergency braking, emergency braking, emergency braking, service braking in accordance with DIN EN 14478:2005-06.
- At least one of the following parameters can be used as a parameter that characterizes the current driving operation situation of the rail vehicle: the current speed of the rail vehicle, the current braking force, the current braking torque, the current brake pressure, the ambient temperature of the rail vehicle, the current load and/or loading of the rail vehicle, an uphill or downhill gradient on the route traveled by the rail vehicle.
- the friction element can in particular contain a brake disc and/or a brake pad of a disc brake of the friction brake system.
- Limiting or setting the driving speed of the rail vehicle to the specific maximum permissible driving speed (v maxA n 0W ed) can be carried out in particular by an Automatic Train Operation (ATO) or by a train driver (Tf).
- ATO Automatic Train Operation
- Tf train driver
- the driving speed of the rail vehicle can be influenced using the wheel braking device for which the smallest amount of the specific maximum permitted or allowed driving speed v maxA
- the influencing of the driving speed described above by determining the specific maximum permissible driving speed can relate to a local friction braking device, ie for example to a specific disc brake.
- a local friction braking device ie for example to a specific disc brake.
- Various methods can be used for consolidation:
- the absolute smallest specific maximum permitted speed v maxA n owed (determined via all friction braking devices in the train) is used as the maximum permitted driving speed of the entire rail vehicle formation.
- VmaxAiiowed i values can be sorted into a series of increasing values and taken from the smallest X percent (where X is a predefined percentage) and then an average or highest value of the smallest X percent.
- the parameter that characterizes the current driving operation situation can be at least one of the following parameters: the current speed of the rail vehicle, the current braking force, the current braking torque, the current braking pressure, the ambient temperature of the rail vehicle, the current load and/or or loading of the rail vehicle, an uphill or downhill gradient on the route traveled by the rail vehicle, service or emergency braking with a braking effect which is less than that Braking effect with the defined type of braking.
- This list is not exhaustive.
- other parameters are conceivable which can characterize a current driving operation situation of a rail vehicle, such as a coefficient of friction between the wheels and the rails.
- the at least one friction element of the friction brake system can preferably contain a brake disc and/or a brake pad of a disc brake of the friction brake system.
- the model can be designed so that first values of the current friction element temperature (T act ) of the friction element are assigned second values of the running speed (v act ) of the rail vehicle in such a way that a permitted range (T act , v act ) is defined by first values (T act ) and second values (v act ), in which the extent of the first accompanying phenomenon occurring at the current friction element temperature (T act ) of the friction element is at most as great as a maximum permitted extent of the first accompanying phenomenon , and/or in which the extent of the second accompanying phenomenon occurring at the current friction element temperature (T act ) of the friction element is at most as great as a maximum permitted extent of the second accompanying phenomenon, and/or in which the at the current friction element temperature (T act ) of the friction element (1) the extent of the third accompanying phenomenon that occurs is at most as great as a maximum permitted extent of the third accompanying phenomenon, with the permitted range (T act , v act ) being limited by an edge curve (r) which Assignment
- the control device can preferably be included in the device by an Automatic Train Operation (ATO).
- ATO Automatic Train Operation
- the device can also include first selection means interacting with the model, with which the first and/or the second and/or the third accompanying phenomenon can be selected.
- the selection means can further comprise a control panel with which an operator can select the first and/or the second and/or the third concomitant, in which case the model based on the selected concomitant(s) carries out the calculations, assignments and steps described above executes
- the device can also be designed with the model that the imaginary braking process is carried out with a specific braking effect, a specific braking force or with a specific braking pressure or with a specific braking torque.
- the model can be designed in the device so that the fictitious braking process is carried out with a defined type of braking, the model using at least one of the following types of braking as the defined type of braking: emergency braking, emergency braking, emergency braking, emergency braking, service braking.
- the model can also be designed in the device so that it uses at least one of the following parameters as a parameter that characterizes the current driving operation situation of the rail vehicle: the current speed of the rail vehicle, the current braking force, the current braking torque, the current brake pressure, the ambient temperature of the rail vehicle, the current load and/or loading of the rail vehicle, an uphill or downhill gradient on the route traveled by the rail vehicle.
- the invention also relates to a rail vehicle with a device as described above.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a pneumatic friction brake device with a brake disk and a brake caliper with brake pads;
- FIG. 2 shows a functional diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention for an embodiment of the method according to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of the method according to the invention according to a preferred embodiment
- FIG. 4 shows a diagram in which an association between a current friction element temperature T act and the driving speed v as well as a permitted range under an edge curve T for the exemplary side effect “brake wear” are shown.
- a section of a friction brake device of a rail vehicle, shown schematically in FIG. 1, shows a pneumatic disk brake.
- This includes a first friction element 1, which is designed, for example, as a brake disc, which is mounted on an axle of the rail vehicle, not shown, and a brake caliper.
- the brake caliper has a second friction element 2, which includes two brake pads.
- the brake caliper has a brake cylinder 4 with compressed air connections 6 and a piston 5 as well as a linkage 3 .
- the piston 5 actuates the linkage 3, as a result of which the brake pads arranged on the linkage 3, ie the second friction element 2, are pressed against the brake disc, ie the first friction element 1.
- Compressed air from a compressed air system (not shown) of the rail vehicle is applied to the piston 5 via the compressed air connections 6 in order to actuate the linkage 3 .
- the compressed air system has components for controlling and regulating the friction brake device, such as compressors, brake control devices, etc.
- a preferred embodiment of a device for influencing the driving speed of the rail vehicle, shown in FIG. 2, has a computing unit 7 in which a model is implemented, with which calculations, assignments and steps are carried out in accordance with the method according to the invention.
- the device also includes a vehicle control 8 designed as a control unit, with which the driving speed v of the rail vehicle is influenced on the basis of the results of the calculations, assignments and steps of the model.
- the vehicle controller 8 is also set up, in particular, to directly implement a forced signal to reduce the driving speed.
- a recommendation signal can also be implemented directly.
- the compulsory and recommendation signals resulting from the computing unit 7 according to the method according to the invention explained below can also be output to the driver by a display unit 9 .
- Pressing the first friction element 1 and the second friction element 2 against each other causes a braking effect on the rail vehicle.
- the kinetic energy of the rail vehicle is converted into heat, which causes the temperature of the first friction element 1 and the second friction element 2 to rise.
- Detaching the first friction element 1 and the second friction element 2 from one another causes a reduction or cancellation of the braking effect on the rail vehicle.
- This, as well as an effect of known heat transfer principles reduces the temperatures in the first friction element 1 and in the second friction element 2, i.e. the first friction element 1 and the second friction element 2 cool down.
- the temperature behavior described is calculated or estimated using the method according to the invention.
- the device includes a vehicle speed sensor 10 for detecting a vehicle speed v, a brake pressure sensor 11 for detecting a brake pressure p and thus a braking force F B , an ambient temperature sensor 12 for detection an ambient temperature Tu, a time measuring device 13 for recording an absolute time t and the display unit 9 already mentioned above, which are connected to a computing unit 7 via corresponding data lines.
- the driving speed sensor 10, the brake pressure sensor 11 and the ambient temperature sensor 12 are arranged in a chassis of the rail vehicle, not shown. However, it is also conceivable that the driving speed v and the brake pressure p are read into the processing unit 7 from a data bus system of the rail vehicle.
- the brake pressure p is approximately determined from a deceleration and a mass to be braked.
- the deceleration is calculated, for example, by differentiating the driving speed v, and the mass m to be braked is determined via a load braking device.
- the time measuring device 13 and the computing unit 7 are implemented in a control unit (not shown) and arranged in a car body (not shown). Via corresponding data lines, arithmetic logic unit 7 receives data relating to vehicle speed v from vehicle speed sensor 10, data relating to braking pressure p or braking force F B from brake pressure sensor 11, data relating to ambient temperature Tu from ambient temperature sensor 12, and data relating to the time from timer 13 Absolute time t (time stamp) and performs arithmetic operations according to the method of the invention.
- configuration data of the rail vehicle that has been entered into the computing unit 7 can also flow into the computing operations.
- a current driving operation situation of the rail vehicle is characterized using the driving speed v, the ambient temperature Tu, the absolute time t and the configuration data.
- a preparatory step 100 in order to carry out the method according to the invention on the basis of practical tests and/or technical experience, one or more boundary curves T created and provided, which limits the range of all pairs of values T_act , v_act below the curve, for which even with a defined braking from T_act , v_act the friction element temperature increases only to the extent that the new temperature T_ pred
- T_pred - T_act + AT still remains below a maximum permissible friction element temperature, which does not allow the associated side effect - for example brake wear - to occur or only to a small, tolerable extent.
- the shape of the edge curve T depends on the type of side effect, on the physical properties of the friction element-brake disc combination and on the defined fictitious type of braking.
- the current driving operation situation FBS of the rail vehicle is used, which can either be determined currently or which is stored in a retrievable manner.
- the current driving situation is characterized by the following technical parameters: braking pressure p or braking force, driving speed v, surface temperature of the friction element—preferably a brake disk—T_act, ambient temperature Tu, time (stamp) t and various configuration data.
- a subsequent step 300 it is determined which of the disruptive side effects brake wear, brake noise, brake smell or smoke is to be minimized, which also involves a selection of the fictitious type of braking and the associated associated side effect-specific edge curve T.
- the calculation of the predictive temperature T pred as a function of the current speed v act is already implicitly contained as a pair of values.
- a predictive friction element temperature T pred of the friction element is calculated or estimated or measured on the basis of this input information using a fictitious braking process, which is in or on the Friction element would set if the braking process is performed fictitious in the current driving situation of the rail vehicle. This also results in a pair of values T pred , v act related to the assigned speed.
- the fictitious braking process can be carried out using a simulation model, for example.
- step 500 it is determined whether the pair of values T act , v act is still below the course of the boundary curve T or whether the temperature T pred alternatively calculated in step 400 is less than the maximum permissible temperature T max . If not, the predictive temperature T pred would exceed the maximum permitted temperature T max in a fictitious braking. Specifically, the current friction element temperature T act or the predicted friction element temperature T pred of friction element 1, 2 is compared with the maximum friction element temperature T max of friction element 1, 2 related to this accompanying phenomenon.
- 0W ed predefined cooling speed v min generated.
- a recommendation signal to reduce the driving speed v generated to at least the permitted driving speed v maxA nowed In the event that the predicted friction element temperature T pred is above the maximum friction element temperature T max , but the current friction element temperature T ac t is below the maximum friction element temperature T max ), a recommendation signal to reduce the driving speed v generated to at least the permitted driving speed v maxA nowed.
- the generated mandatory or recommendation signal is output in step 700 for information to the driver.
- a recommendation signal represents an action recommendation for the driver, whereas a compulsory signal is to be regarded as a command signal.
- step 800 at least the compulsory signal is sent directly to a control unit of the vehicle control system as a target value for reducing the current driving speed v to the concomitant-specific maximum permitted driving speed (VmaxAiiowed).
- the method according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. 4 as an example for the case of the accompanying phenomenon “brake wear”.
- the boundary curve T is selected in such a way that for each pair of values T act , v act below this boundary curve T, i.e. in the shaded area, the value of the brake disc temperature is never greater than that for the wear optimization becomes a critical temperature value T max . If this maximum value is nevertheless exceeded, this results in the compulsory signal explained above for an unconditional speed reduction.
- boundary curve T depends on device-specific factors, such as material composition and dimensioning of the brake unit, and situation-related requirements, such as temperature safety, even under predefined braking scenarios.
- optimized value pairs for T act , v act lie on the edge of the boundary curve T. If a value pair T act , v act lies below the boundary curve T, the speed v can be increased to a value VmaxAiiowed while maintaining the temperature, so that the pair of values T act , v maxA
- the predictive friction element temperature T pred can be determined geometrically with this diagram.
- the actual, current state, which is described by the pair of values Tact, v act is a coordinate point in the diagram. Starting from this, T pred can be determined as follows:
- an optimization of the speed v is not desirable or possible in all cases.
- a reduction in the side effects has a higher priority than an optimized speed v.
- there are operational framework conditions that do not permit such a speed increase for example driving through residential areas at a reduced speed, entering bus stops at a reduced speed, or the like.
- this method can also be used to compensate for delays in the timetable on suitable routes.
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- Regulating Braking Force (AREA)
Abstract
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EP22830429.1A EP4440895A1 (de) | 2021-12-03 | 2022-12-02 | Verfahren und einrichtung zur beeinflussung einer fahrgeschwindigkeit eines schienenfahrzeugs |
CN202280076574.XA CN118265643A (zh) | 2021-12-03 | 2022-12-02 | 用于影响轨道车辆的行驶速度的方法和装置 |
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