WO2023097827A1 - 车顶、车体及轨道车辆 - Google Patents

车顶、车体及轨道车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023097827A1
WO2023097827A1 PCT/CN2021/141123 CN2021141123W WO2023097827A1 WO 2023097827 A1 WO2023097827 A1 WO 2023097827A1 CN 2021141123 W CN2021141123 W CN 2021141123W WO 2023097827 A1 WO2023097827 A1 WO 2023097827A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
roof
flat
composition
vehicle
profile
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PCT/CN2021/141123
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
惠美玲
郝振杰
沈体强
王力
张锦华
付一娜
侯建英
张京
姚铖
孟永兴
张雷
吴胜权
Original Assignee
中车唐山机车车辆有限公司
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Application filed by 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 filed Critical 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司
Publication of WO2023097827A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023097827A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D17/00—Construction details of vehicle bodies
    • B61D17/04—Construction details of vehicle bodies with bodies of metal; with composite, e.g. metal and wood body structures
    • B61D17/12—Roofs
    • B61D17/14—Roofs with gangways

Definitions

  • the present application relates to vehicle interior decoration technology, in particular to a vehicle roof, a vehicle body and a rail vehicle using the vehicle roof.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a vehicle roof, a vehicle body and a rail vehicle.
  • a vehicle roof which includes:
  • a flat top composition the upper surface of the flat top composition is plane and parallel to the horizontal plane;
  • the middle top composition its top is higher than the position of the flat top composition
  • the oblique end top composition is respectively connected with the flat top composition and the middle top composition.
  • a vehicle body including: a chassis, a side wall, an end wall, and the roof as described above, wherein the side walls are vertically arranged on both sides of the chassis, and the end wall Vertically arranged at both ends of the underframe, the upper ends of the side walls and end walls are connected with the roof, and the lower ends are connected with the underframe.
  • a rail vehicle including: the vehicle body as described above.
  • the technical solution provided in the embodiment of this application adopts a segmented roof, and the main structure is composed of a flat roof connected by an inclined end roof and a middle roof in the longitudinal direction, the middle roof is higher than the flat roof, and the upper surface of the flat roof
  • the equipment originally suspended on the underframe of the rail vehicle can be set on the flat top composition, saving space on the underframe, increasing passenger or cargo capacity; at the same time reducing the load on the underframe and extending the length of the underframe. shelf life.
  • the composition of the middle roof can be adapted and replaced according to the needs of different vehicles, which increases the utilization rate of the roof.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the roof structure provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is the front view of Figure 1;
  • Fig. 3 is the schematic view (exploded view) of the roof structure provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is the longitudinal sectional view of the roof provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of part A of Fig. 4;
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the composition of the flat top provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged view of part C of Figure 4.
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the composition of the middle roof provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a vertical sectional view of the composition of the inclined end top provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is an enlarged view of part B of Figure 4.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the double-layer chassis provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of the chassis connecting accessories
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of the end module of the lower chassis
  • Fig. 14 is a structural schematic diagram of the middle module of the lower chassis
  • Figure 15 is a schematic structural view of the upper chassis.
  • 231-Middle roof composition 2311-Middle roof beam; 2312-Middle roof transition beam; 2313-Middle roof bottom beam;
  • the roof of the rail vehicle is a structure with an overall arc surface, and the overall height is consistent, and it is welded by long profiles, and the overall shape is an arc surface. It is beneficial to diversion and reduce resistance, but it also makes it impossible to install equipment on the roof and has no other purpose; in the related art, the mounting equipment of the vehicle is usually installed on the chassis, which causes the chassis to be overloaded and easily damaged, and The equipment that is installed on the undercarriage can crowd the space; In addition, the roof in the related art is not common to each other, also brings.
  • this embodiment provides a car roof, which can be applied to rail vehicles or trackless vehicles, and can also be adapted to different vehicle models according to needs. It can be used to install Part of the equipment originally installed on the bottom frame saves space on the bottom frame and increases the passenger or cargo capacity. This advantage is especially obvious in double-deck rail vehicles.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the roof structure provided by the embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a front view of Fig. 1, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, in this embodiment, the vehicle length direction is called the longitudinal direction, and the vehicle width direction is called the transverse direction
  • the vehicle height direction is referred to as the vertical direction, vertical or vertical
  • the earth's horizontal plane is taken as the horizontal plane.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view (exploded view) of the roof structure provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the rail vehicle includes a car body, and the car body includes a chassis, a side wall 22, an end wall and a roof 23 provided in this specific embodiment, wherein the side walls 22 are vertically arranged on both sides of the chassis.
  • Side the end walls are vertically arranged at both ends of the chassis, the upper ends of the side walls 22 and the end walls are connected with the roof 23, and the lower ends are connected with the chassis.
  • Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the roof provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the roof 23 includes: a flat top composition 232, a middle top composition 231 and an inclined end top composition 233, wherein the upper surface of the flat top composition 232 is plane and parallel to the horizontal plane; the middle top composition 231 The top of the top is higher than the position of the flat top composition 232; the oblique end top composition 233 is connected with the flat top composition 232 and the middle top composition 231 respectively, that is, the flat top composition 232 is connected with the middle top composition 231 through the oblique end top composition 233.
  • each car roof includes a middle top composition 231, which is arranged on In the middle part of the roof, two flat roofs form 232, which are respectively arranged on the two ends of the middle roof form 231 in the longitudinal direction of the roof, and two inclined end roofs form 233, and the two flat roofs form 232 and the middle roof form 231 respectively firmly connected together.
  • the middle top composition 232 is located in the middle, its top is raised, and the flat top composition 232 is located at both ends, and the height of its upper surface is lower than that of the middle top composition 232, and its upper surface is a plane.
  • the upper surface of the flat roof composition 232 can be installed with most of the equipment originally mounted on the chassis, reducing the load on the chassis and saving space for equipment installation.
  • the middle roof composition can be replaced according to the needs of different models, increasing the roof utilization rate.
  • the flat roof component 232, the middle roof component 231 and the inclined end top component 233 are all made of profiles with special-shaped sections.
  • Profiles are objects with a certain geometric shape made of iron or steel and materials with certain strength and toughness through rolling, extrusion, casting and other processes. Profiles with special-shaped sections are also called complex-section profiles, which are characterized by obvious convex and concave branches in the cross section. Compared with solid plates, it has the advantages of saving materials and reducing weight. Compared with hollow shell structures, its internal branches can be used as reinforcing ribs or ribs to ensure the strength of components. In addition, the gap between its internal branch and the outer shell can be used for electrical system wiring, avoiding wiring outside the vehicle.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of part A of FIG. 4 .
  • the flat top composition 232, the middle top composition 231 and the inclined end top composition 233 are connected together by welding, wherein the inclined end top composition 233 is connected with the middle top composition 231 Part of it is embedded in the end opening of the middle roof; the inner side of the connection between the inclined end roof 233 and the middle roof is connected by the first type of weld 2351 , and the outer side is connected by the second type of weld 2352 .
  • the two connection surfaces to be fixed by the first type of weld 2351 are at right angles, fillet welds are used; while the angle between the two connection surfaces to be fixed by the second type of weld 2352 is 270 degrees, fillet welds are used
  • the connection will bring great processing difficulties, so a V-shaped weld is used for the connection.
  • the first type of welding seams 2351 mentioned are all fillet welding seams
  • the second type of welding seams 2352 are all V-shaped welding seams.
  • this embodiment provides a way to realize the flat top composition 232:
  • Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the flat top composition provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the flat roof composition 232 includes flat roof side beams 2322 and flat roof middle beams 2321, wherein the upper surface of the flat roof middle beams 2321 is a plane, and the flat roof side beams 2322 are on both sides of the flat roof middle beams.
  • the longitudinal center line of the roof is arranged symmetrically to the axis, and the side beams 2322 and the middle beams 2321 of the flat roof are connected together by welding.
  • the flat roof middle beam 2321 is spliced by a plurality of sections, including the flat roof middle beam middle section 2321a, the flat roof middle beam first transition section 2321b and the flat roof middle beam second transition section 2321c, wherein the flat roof middle beam middle section 2321a Located in the middle, its structure is left-right symmetrical with the longitudinal central axis of the roof; a pair of first transition profiles 2321b for the flat-roof central sill are arranged on both sides of the flat-roof central sill central section 2321a with the longitudinal central axis of the roof as the axis; The second transition profile 2321c of the flat roof center sill is arranged on the outer side of the first transition profile 2321b of the roof center sill, and the second transition profile 2321c of the flat roof center sill is also left-right symmetrical about the longitudinal central axis of the roof.
  • the first type of weld 2351 is used to fix the connection between the middle profile 2321a of the flat roof middle sill and the first transitional profile 2321b of the flat roof middle beam in the form of assembly welding.
  • the first transition profile 2321b of the flat roof middle beam and the second The transitional sections 2321c are also fixedly connected by the first type of weld 2351 in the form of assembly welding.
  • the cross-section of the side beam 2322 of the flat roof is a sideways "T"-shaped structure, and its protruding end is fixedly connected with the second transition section bar 2321c of the middle beam of the flat roof by the second type of weld 2352 in the form of assembly welding.
  • the splicing of multiple profiles can ensure that its outline forms a plane according to the design requirements, has sufficient firmness, and is easy to replace and repair. When a small part of it is damaged, only the corresponding profile can be replaced.
  • the flat top component 232 also includes a flat top plugging profile 2323, the shape of the flat top plugging profile 2323 matches the cross section of the flat top component 232 and is arranged at the end of the flat top component 232 that is not connected with the inclined top component , and an equal composition 232 open end, used to block the open end of the flat top composition 232.
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of part C in FIG. 4 .
  • the head of the flat-top plugging profile 2323 has a wedge-shaped structure, wherein the wedge-shaped structure on one side is embedded in the open end of the flat-top component 232, and the flat-top plugging profile 2323 and the flat-top are formed
  • the inner side of the joint is connected by a first type of weld 2351
  • the outer side is connected by a second type of weld 2352 .
  • this embodiment provides a specific implementation manner:
  • Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the roof composition provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the middle roof composition 231 is a cover structure as a whole, which includes a middle roof beam 2311, a middle roof bottom beam 2313, and a middle roof transition beam 2312.
  • the middle roof beam is located at the middle top 2311, and its structure is based on The longitudinal center line of the roof is axisymmetric; the middle roof and bottom beams 2312 are located below the two sides of the middle roof top beam 2311, and are arranged axisymmetrically with the roof longitudinal center line, and the two sides of the middle roof transition beam 2312 are respectively connected to the middle roof and top beams 2311 and the middle roof and bottom beam 2313, on the cross section formed by the middle roof, the profile of the middle roof transition beam 2312 is in the shape of a transition curve, and the middle roof beam 2311, the middle roof transition beam 2312, and the middle roof and bottom beam 2313 are assembled and welded connected together.
  • the middle roof beam 2311 is also spliced by multiple profiles, and the first type of welds 2351 are used for connection between the spliced profiles; the middle roof transition beam 2312 is also made of A plurality of profiles are spliced together, and the profile curves of the mid-top transition beam 231 are formed by using different angles between the profiles forming the mid-roof transition beam 2312 and the horizontal plane. Class weld 2352 for connection.
  • the outer contour of the middle top composition 231 has been designed to adopt the outer contour of the shroud type, and the electrical circuits are laid in the inner cavity of the profile that makes up the middle top composition 231.
  • the outer surface of the middle top composition is relatively smooth and has the function of diversion. There is no need to install the shroud anymore.
  • the outline of the middle roof composition 231 can be designed according to requirements, such as on its two sides, that is, the middle roof transition beam 2312 and the middle roof and bottom beam 2313.
  • a window is provided on the side of the structure for use by vehicles with passenger demand; windows may not be provided, and the outline is designed as other types of domes or flat tops for vehicles without passenger demand.
  • this embodiment also provides a specific implementation method:
  • Fig. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view of the oblique tip provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the oblique end top composition 233 includes the oblique end top profile 2331, the oblique end top and bottom profile 2333, and the oblique end top transition connecting the oblique end top profile 2331 and the oblique top and bottom profile 2333 Profile 2332, the outer contour of inclined end top composition 233 is suitable for the gap inner contour surrounded by middle top composition 231 and flat top composition 232 ends.
  • the profile 2331 at the top of the inclined end is arranged vertically, and the profile 2333 at the top and bottom of the inclined end is arranged obliquely below the profile 2331 at the top of the inclined end and obliquely downward.
  • the second type of weld 2352 is used to connect the inclined end top profile 2331 and the inclined end top transition profile 2332, and the second type of weld 2352 is also used between the inclined end top and bottom profile 2333 and the inclined end top transition profile 2332 connect.
  • FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of part B of FIG. 4 .
  • the inclined end top 233 composition also includes an inclined end top connecting plate 2334, and the inclined end top connecting plate 2334 is arranged between the inclined end top and bottom profile 2333 and the flat top composition 232, and the flat top
  • the composition 232 and the profile 2333 at the top and bottom of the inclined end are respectively fixedly connected with the connecting plate 233 at the inclined end and top through the first type of weld 2351 .
  • the air-conditioning air supply outlet and the air-conditioning return air outlet are provided on the inclined end top composition 233 to reduce the area occupied by the air-conditioning unit on the flat top composition 232 , so that more equipment can be installed on the flat top composition 232 .
  • the flat top can be used to install equipment, reduce the load on the underframe, and save space; the outer contour of the roof conforms to aerodynamics and has The air diversion function eliminates the need to install additional shrouds; the air-conditioning air supply outlet and return air outlet are set up on the inclined top to reduce the flat roof area occupied by the air-conditioning unit and further save space; by replacing the middle roof module, the use requirements of different vehicles can be met. High interchangeability.
  • This specific embodiment also provides a car body, an underframe, a side wall 22 provided with a side window window 22a, an end wall, and the above-mentioned roof, wherein the side wall 22 is vertically arranged on both sides of the underframe, and the end wall is vertically arranged on both sides of the underframe. It is arranged at both ends of the underframe, the upper ends of the side walls and end walls are connected with the roof, and the lower ends are connected with the underframe.
  • This embodiment also provides an implementation of the underframe, which is suitable for double-decker vehicles:
  • Figure 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the double-layer chassis provided by the embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the connection accessories of the chassis
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural diagram of the end modules of the lower chassis
  • Figure 14 is a structure of the middle module of the lower chassis Schematic diagram
  • Figure 15 is a schematic structural diagram of the upper chassis.
  • the double-layer chassis as shown in Figure 11 includes: a lower chassis 246 and an upper chassis 247, specifically, the lower chassis 246 includes a middle module 2461 of the lower chassis and an end module 2462 of the lower chassis connected to each other, wherein the lower chassis The position of the middle module 2461 of the chassis is lower than that of the end modules 2462 of the lower chassis;
  • each module can be arranged according to needs.
  • the upper module 2462 is arranged symmetrically at both ends of the middle module 2461 of the lower chassis, forming a ladder-like structure with both ends high and the middle low; the upper chassis middle module 2471 is also one, and the two upper chassis end modules 2472 are symmetrical. It is set at both ends of the module 2471 in the middle of the upper chassis.
  • Each module is assembled from applicable profiles, or it can be integrally formed and processed separately, and can be assembled flexibly according to needs; in application, each module can be used separately according to different models.
  • the middle module 2461 of the lower undercarriage sinks to provide space for the passengers on the lower floor.
  • the door is arranged in this area and is closer to the ground, which is convenient for passengers to get on and off the car and load and unload goods.
  • the double-layer chassis also includes a lower chassis attachment 2464.
  • the connection method can be welding, or any connection method such as clamping, riveting, gluing, etc.
  • the lower chassis attachment 2464 adopts a stepped structure, and its lower end is the first attachment connecting part 2464a, which is used to connect with the middle module 2461 of the lower chassis , the higher end is the second accessory connecting portion 2464b for connecting with the end module 2462 of the lower chassis.
  • the connecting sections of the first component connecting portion 2464a and the second accessory connecting portion 2464b are provided with a comb-shaped structure, which can be inserted into the docking ports corresponding to the middle module 2461 of the lower chassis and the end module 2462 of the lower chassis to increase the contact at the connection. area, and the attachable area of reinforcing materials (such as solder), which increases the reliability of the connection and prolongs the service life of the chassis.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a specific implementation of the lower chassis end module 2462: as shown in Figure 3, it includes the lower chassis end beam 2462a, the lower chassis traction beam 2463b and The front end plate 2463c of the traction beam, wherein the end beam 2462a of the lower chassis is a strip structure spliced by profiles, the traction beam 2463b and the front end plate 2463c of the lower chassis are arranged on the lower surface of the end beam 2462a of the lower chassis.
  • the traction beam 2462b of the lower chassis includes two longitudinally parallel vertical plates, one end of which is vertically fixed on the front end plate 2463c of the traction beam.
  • the traction beam 2462b of the lower chassis can be fixed on the bottom surface of the end beam 2462a of the lower chassis by any means such as welding, riveting, or screw connection.
  • the front end plate 2463c of the traction beam is located at the outer end of the end beam 2462a of the lower chassis, and the inner end of the end beam 2462a of the lower chassis is connected to the second attachment connection part 2464b of the lower chassis attachment.
  • the outer end here is relative to the middle module 2461 of the lower chassis, the end close to the middle module 2461 of the lower chassis is the inner end, and the end far away from the middle module 2461 of the lower chassis is called the outer end, that is to say, as a whole , the two ends of the lower chassis 246 are regarded as outer ends.
  • the end beam 2462a of the lower chassis and the traction beam 2462b of the lower chassis are respectively provided with a bogie interface and a coupler connection interface, which are the main force transmission and stress parts of the double-layer chassis.
  • the double vertical plate structure of the draw beam 2462b of the lower chassis can disperse the pulling force transmitted from the coupler.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a specific implementation of the middle module 2461 of the lower chassis, as shown in Figure 14, which includes the side beams 2461b of the lower chassis and the middle beams 2461a of the lower chassis, wherein
  • the middle beam 2461a of the lower chassis is a profile with a flat upper surface and its structure is axisymmetric with the longitudinal central axis of the double-layer chassis.
  • the longitudinal central axis is arranged on both sides of the middle beam 2461a of the lower chassis, and the side beams 2461b and the middle beams 2461a of the lower chassis are spliced into the middle module of the lower chassis.
  • the middle beam 2461a of the lower chassis and the side beam 2461b of the lower chassis can be integrally formed from a single base material, or spliced by multiple profiles.
  • the middle beam 2461a of the lower chassis and the side beam 2461b of the lower chassis are welded together connected together.
  • the end of the lower chassis middle module 2461 is provided with a lower chassis accessory connection interface for connecting with the first accessory connection portion 2464a of the lower chassis accessory.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a specific implementation, as shown in Figure 15, which is spliced by long and large profiles, wherein the upper surface of the middle module 2471 of the upper chassis is a plane.
  • the middle part of the end module 2472 of the upper chassis is formed by the extension part of the profile of the middle part of the middle module 2471 of the upper chassis, and the two sides of the end module 2472 of the upper chassis protrude obliquely upwards in a stepped structure in a wing shape,
  • the wing-like extensions of the upper chassis end modules 2472 are axisymmetric to the longitudinal central axis of the double-layer chassis. This structure design is that the shearing stress suffered by the upper chassis 247 at the junction of the two ends can be transmitted to multiple directions to offset each other and increase the stability of the upper chassis 247 .
  • Both sides of the lower chassis 246 and the upper chassis 247 are provided with side wall connection interfaces, and the upper surfaces thereof are provided with seat installation interfaces, and the lower chassis is also provided with door installation interfaces.
  • the double-layer underframe with the above structure has a high degree of modularization, and each module is independent of each other. It is convenient and quick to manufacture, simple and convenient to maintain, and flexible in application; it is applied to rail vehicles, and the car body is divided into upper and lower parts.
  • the two-story space can carry passengers, which increases the carrying capacity.
  • the door is located closer to the rail surface, which is convenient for getting on and off the car and loading and unloading.
  • This specific embodiment also provides a rail vehicle, which includes the above-mentioned vehicle body, and the number of vehicle bodies may be multiple and connected in series.
  • the vehicle body and rail vehicle provided by this specific embodiment have the same technical effect as the above-mentioned vehicle roof.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features.
  • “plurality” means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

Abstract

一种车顶、车体及轨道车辆，其中，车顶（23）包括平顶组成（232），平顶组成（232）的上表面呈平面，且与水平面相平行；中顶组成（231），其顶部高于平顶组成（232）的位置；斜端顶组成（233），分别与平顶组成（232）与中顶组成（231）相连接。由此可以在车顶（23）的平顶总成（232）处安装设备，从而节省空间，增加载客量，并且降低底架负荷，延长使用寿命。

Description

车顶、车体及轨道车辆 技术领域
本申请涉及车辆内装技术，尤其涉及一种车顶及应用这种车顶的车体及轨道车辆。
背景技术
轨道交通由于在专用行车道上运行，不受其他交通工具干扰，不产生线路堵塞现象并且不受气候影响，是全天候的交通工具，具有可信赖的准时性、速达性、舒适性、安全性，以及其有效的空间利用率、低廉的运营费用、较低的污染等优点而在近现代社会得到了广泛的应用。随着应用场景的多元化，对轨道车辆的设计要求也日益增加，单一车型单一功能的设计就显得落后。
为适应多元化的运输需求，打破市场车型较为单一的格局，更好的适应市场的发展需求，满足特定区间的高密度客流的运输能力，研发双层车就显得尤为重要。
但是，就目前市场，双层车应用较少，且大部分双层车主要由底架承担设备悬挂及载客的功能，造成空间利用不合理，安装在底架上的设备会挤占空间，且由于负载过高，底架故障率也较高。
发明内容
本申请实施例中提供一种车顶、车体及轨道车辆。
根据本申请实施例的第一个方面，提供了一种车顶，其包括：
平顶组成，所述平顶组成的上表面呈平面，且与水平面相平行；
中顶组成，其顶部高于平顶组成的位置；
斜端顶组成，分别与平顶组成与中顶组成相连接。
根据本申请实施例的第二个方面，提供了一种车体，包括：底架、侧墙、 端墙及如上所述的车顶，其中侧墙竖向设置于底架两侧，端墙竖向设置于底架两端，侧墙和端墙上端与车顶相连接，下端与底架相连接。
根据本申请实施例的第三个方面，提供了一种轨道车辆，包括：如上所述的车体。
本申请实施例中提供的技术方案，采用分段式车顶，主体结构为在纵向上由斜端顶连接的平顶组成和中顶组成，中顶组成高于平顶组成，平顶组成的上表面为平面，可以将原本悬挂在轨道车辆底架上的设备设置在平顶组成上，节省底架上的空间，增加载客量或载货量；同时减少了底架上的负荷，延长了底架的寿命。此外，中顶组成可以根据不同车辆的使用需求进行适配和更换，增加了车顶的利用率。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为本申请实施例提供的车顶结构示意图；
图2图1的主视图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的车顶结构示意图(爆炸图)；
图4为本申请实施例提供的车顶纵切视图；
图5为图4的A部放大视图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的平顶组成的横切视图；
图7为图4的C部放大视图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的中顶组成的横切视图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的斜端顶组成的纵切视图；
图10为图4的B部放大视图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的双层底架结构示意图；
图12为底架连接附件的结构示意图；
图13为下层底架端部模块的结构示意图；
图14为下层底架中部模块的结构示意图；
图15为上层底架的结构示意图。
附图标记：
22-侧墙；22a-侧窗窗口；
23-车顶；
231-中顶组成；2311-中顶顶梁；2312-中顶过渡梁；2313-中顶底梁；
232-平顶组成；2321-平顶中梁；2321a-平顶中梁中部型材；2321b-平顶中梁第一过渡型材；2321c-平顶中梁第二过渡型材；2322-平顶边梁；2323-平顶封堵型材；
233-斜端顶组成；2331-斜端顶顶部型材；2332-斜端顶过渡型材；2333-斜端顶底端型材；2334-斜端顶连接板；
2351-第一类焊缝；2352-第二类焊缝；
246-下层底架；2461-下层底架中部模块；2461a-下层底架中部梁；2461b-下层底架边梁；2462-下层底架端部模块；2462a-下层底架端部梁；2462b-下层底架牵引梁；2463c-牵引梁前端板；2464-下层底架附件；2464a-第一附件连接部；2464b-第二附件连接部；
247-上层底架；2471-上层底架中部模块；2472-上层底架端部模块。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请实施例中的技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图对本申请的示例性实施例进行进一步详细的说明，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本申请的一部分实施例，而不是所有实施例的穷举。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在实现本申请的过程中，发明人发现，在相关技术中，轨道车辆的车顶为一个整体呈圆弧面的结构，且整体高度一致，由通长型材焊接而成，整体呈圆 弧面有利于导流和减少阻力，但是也使得车顶无法安装设备，没有其它用途；相关技术中车辆的挂载设备通常是安装在底架上的，这就造成底架负荷过重容易损坏，且安装在底架上的设备会挤占空间；此外，相关技术中的车顶互不通用，也带来了。
针对上述问题，本实施例提供一种车顶，这种车顶可以应用于轨道车辆中，也可以应用于无轨车辆中，还可以在不同车型上根据需要进行适配，它可以用来安装大部分原本安装在底架上的设备，节省底架上的空间，增加载客量或载货量，这个优势在双层轨道车辆中应用尤其明显。
图1为本申请实施例提供的车顶结构示意图，图2为图1的主视图，如图1及图2所示，本实施例将车长方向称为纵向，将车宽方向称为横向，将车高方向称为竖直方向、竖向或垂向，以地球水平面为水平面。
本实施例以应用在轨道车辆上为例，对车顶的实现方式进行具体说明。图3为本申请实施例提供的车顶结构示意图(爆炸图)。如图1至图3所示，该轨道车辆包括车体，车体包括底架、侧墙22、端墙及本具体实施例提供的车顶23，其中侧墙22竖向设置于底架两侧，端墙竖向设置于底架两端，侧墙22和端墙的上端与车顶23相连接，下端与底架相连接。
图4为本申请实施例提供的车顶纵切视图。如图1至图4所示车顶23包括：平顶组成232、中顶组成231以及斜端顶组成233，其中平顶组成232的上表面呈平面，且与水平面相平行；中顶组成231的顶部高于平顶组成232的位置；斜端顶组成233，分别与平顶组成232与中顶组成231相连接，即平顶组成232通过斜端顶组成233与中顶组成231相连接。每个车顶的平顶组成232、中顶组成231以及斜端顶组成233可以为一个，也可以为多个，在本具体实施例中，每个车顶包括一个中顶组成231，设置于车顶中部，两个平顶组成232，在车顶纵向方向上分别设置在中顶组成231的两端，以及两个斜端顶组成233，分别将两个平顶组成232与中顶组成231固定连接在一起。
本实施例提供的技术方案，中顶组成232位于中间，其顶部高起，平顶组 成232位于两端，其上表面的高度低于中顶组成232的高度，且其上表面为平面，在平顶组成232的上表面可以安装大部分原本挂载于底架上的设备，减轻底架的负荷，节省设备安装的空间，此外，中顶组成可以根据不同的车型需求进行更换，增加车顶的利用率。
进一步地，平顶组成232、中顶组成231及斜端顶组成233均由异型断面型材制成。
型材是铁或钢以及具有一定强度和韧性的材料通过轧制、挤出、铸造等工艺制成的具有一定几何形状的物体。异型断面型材又称为复杂断面型材，其特征是横断面具有明显凸凹分支。相较于实心的板材，其具有节省材料，减轻重量的优点，相较于中空壳体结构，其内部分支可以作为加强筋或加强肋，保证构件的强度。除此以外，其内部分支与外壳之间的空隙，可以用于电气系统布置线路，避免车外布线。
图5为图4的A部放大视图。进一步地，如图4及图5所示，平顶组成232、中顶组成231及斜端顶组成233通过组焊的方式连接在一起，其中斜端顶组成233与中顶组成231相连接的部分内嵌于中顶组成的端头开口处；斜端顶组成233与中顶组成的连接处内侧通过第一类焊缝2351连接，外侧通过第二类焊缝2352连接。由于第一类焊缝2351所要固定的两个连接面之间为直角，所以采用角焊缝；而第二类焊缝2352所要固定的两个连接面之间为270度角，采用角焊缝连接将带来极大加工困难，因此采用V形焊缝进行连接。在本具体实施例后续提到的焊缝中，由于加工的需要，提到的第一类焊缝2351均为角焊缝，第二类焊缝2352均为V形焊缝。
在上述技术方案的基础上，本实施例提供一种平顶组成232的实现方式：
图6为本申请实施例提供的平顶组成的横切视图。如图6所示，平顶组成232包括平顶边梁2322和平顶中梁2321，其中平顶中梁2321的上表面为平面，平顶边梁2322在平顶中梁的两侧，以车顶纵向中心线为轴对称设置，平顶边梁2322和平顶中梁2321通过组焊的方式连接在一起。
平顶中梁2321由多个型材拼接而成，包括平顶中梁中部型材2321a、平顶中梁第一过渡型材2321b以及平顶中梁第二过渡型材2321c，其中平顶中梁中部型材2321a位于中间，其结构以车顶纵向中轴线为轴左右对称；平顶中梁中部型材2321a的两侧以车顶纵向中轴线为轴左右对称设置一对平顶中梁第一过渡型材2321b；平顶中梁第一过渡型材2321b的外侧设置平顶中梁第二过渡型材2321c，平顶中梁第二过渡型材2321c亦以车顶纵向中轴线为轴左右对称。平顶中梁中部型材2321a与平顶中梁第一过渡型材2321b之间采用第一类焊缝2351以组焊的方式固定连接，平顶中梁第一过渡型材2321b以及平顶中梁第二过渡型材2321c之间同样采用第一类焊缝2351以组焊的方式固定连接。
平顶边梁2322的横截面为一个侧放的“T”型结构，其伸出端与平顶中梁第二过渡型材2321c采用第二类焊缝2352以组焊的方式固定连接。
采用多个型材拼接，可以在保证其轮廓按照设计需求组成平面，具有足够的牢固度，且易于更换与维修，当其中一小部分损坏时，只更换相应的型材即可。
进一步的，平顶组成232还包括平顶封堵型材2323，平顶封堵型材2323的形状与平顶组成232的横截面相配合并设置于平顶组成232未与斜端顶组成相连接的一端，及平等组成232敞口的一端，用于封堵平顶组成232的端头敞口。
图7为图4的C部放大视图。进一步的，如图7所示，平顶封堵型材2323的头部具有楔状结构，其中一侧的楔状结构嵌入平顶组成232的端头敞口，平顶封堵型材2323与平顶组成的连接处内侧通过第一类焊缝2351连接，外侧通过第二类焊缝2352连接。
对于中顶组成231，本实施例提供一种具体的实现方式：
图8为本申请实施例提供的中顶组成的横切视图。如图3及8所示，中顶组成231整体呈罩式结构，其包括中顶顶梁2311、中顶底梁2313和中顶过渡梁2312，中顶顶梁位于中间顶部2311，其结构以车顶纵向中心线为轴对称； 中顶底梁位2312于中顶顶梁2311两侧下方，以车顶纵向中心线为轴对称设置，中顶过渡梁2312两侧分别连接中顶顶梁2311和中顶底梁2313，在中顶组成的横截面上，中顶过渡梁2312的轮廓呈过渡曲线形状，中顶顶梁2311、中顶过渡梁2312、中顶底梁2313通过组焊的方式连接在一起。
在本具体实施例中，与平顶组成232类似，中顶顶梁2311也是采用多个型材拼接而成，各拼接型材之间采用第一类焊缝2351进行连接；中顶过渡梁2312同样采用多个型材拼接而成，利用各组成中顶过度梁2312的型材与水平面之间的夹角不同组合成中顶组成231的侧面轮廓曲线，各组成中顶过度梁2312的型材之间采用第二类焊缝2352进行连接。中顶组成231的外轮廓经过设计，采用导流罩式的外轮廓，且电气线路都布设在组成中顶组成231的型材内腔，中顶组成的外表面相对光滑，兼具导流作用，无需再安装导流罩。
本具体实施例仅为中顶组成的其中一种轮廓，在实际应用中，中顶组成231的轮廓可以根据需求进行设计，如在其两侧，即中顶过渡梁2312及中顶底梁2313构成的侧面上开设有窗口，以供有载客需求的车辆使用；也可以不开设窗口，将轮廓设计为其他类型圆顶或者平顶，用于无载客需求的车辆。
对于斜端顶组成233，本实施例也提供了一种具体的实现方式：
图9为本申请实施例提供的斜端顶组成的纵切视图。如图3及图9所示，斜端顶组成233包括斜端顶顶部型材2331、斜端顶底端型材2333以及连接斜端顶顶部型材2331和斜端顶底端型材2333的斜端顶过渡型材2332，斜端顶组成233的外轮廓与中顶组成231及平顶组成232端部围成的缺口内轮廓相适配。
其中斜端顶顶部型材2331竖直设置，斜端顶底端型材2333为与斜端顶顶部型材2331的斜下方且倾斜向下设置。斜端顶顶部型材2331与斜端顶过渡型材2332之间采用第二类焊缝2352进行连接，斜端顶底端型材2333与斜端顶过渡型材2332之间也采用第二类焊缝2352进行连接。
图10为图4的B部放大视图。如图10所示，进一步的，斜端顶233组成还包括斜端顶连接板2334，斜端顶连接板2334设置于所处斜端顶底端型材 2333与平顶组成232之间，平顶组成232与斜端顶底端型材2333分别与斜端顶连接板233通过第一类焊缝相2351固定连接。
进一步的，斜端顶组成233上设有空调送风口和空调回风口以减少空调机组占用平顶组成232的面积，使平顶组成232上可以安装更多的设备。
采用上述中顶组成231、平顶组成232以及斜端顶组成233的车顶，其平顶可以用来安装设备，减轻底架负荷，节省空间；其车顶外轮廓符合空气动力学，兼具导流作用，无须额外安装导流罩；其斜端顶组成开设空调送风口及回风口，减少空调机组占用平顶面积，进一步节省空间；通过更换中顶模块可以满足不同车辆的使用需求，具有较高的互换性。
本具体实施例还提供一种车体，底架、开设有侧窗窗口22a的侧墙22、端墙及上述的车顶，其中侧墙22竖向设置于底架两侧，端墙竖向设置于底架两端，侧墙和端墙上端与车顶相连接，下端与底架相连接。
本实施例还提供一种底架的实现方式，适用于双层车辆：
图11为本申请实施例提供的双层底架结构示意图，图12为底架连接附件的结构示意图，图13为下层底架端部模块的结构示意图，图14为下层底架中部模块的结构示意图，图15为上层底架的结构示意图。
如图11所示的双层底架包括：下层底架246和上层底架247，具体的，下层底架246包括相互连接的下层底架中部模块2461及下层底架端部模块2462，其中下层底架中部模块2461的位置低于下层底架端部模块2462；上层底架247包括相互连接的上层底架中部模块2471及上层底架端部模块2472。
各模块的数量及在纵向上的位置可以根据需要进行排列，在本申请实施例中，每个车体(或者说每节车厢)的下层底架中部模块2461为一个，两个下层底架端部模块2462，对称设置在下层底架中部模块2461的两端，整体形成两端高中间低的阶梯状结构；上层底架中部模块2471也为一个，两个上层底架端部模块2472，对称设置在上层底架中部模块2471的两端.各模块分别由适用的型材组装而成，也可以是分别一体成型加工而成，可以根据需要灵活组装； 应用时，各模块可以根据不同的车型分别设计，在使用时进行拼接，例如不同的车型，可以仅更换中部模块以适应需求，又或者，当需要载货时，可以拆除上层底架以增加货物承载量等，可以适应多种车型，兼容性高。下层底架中部模块2461下沉，可以为下层乘客提供空间，门口设置在该区域，距离地面较近，可以方便旅客上下车及装卸货物。
进一步的，在双层底架还包括下层底架附件2464，如图12所示，下层底架中部模块2461和下层底架端部模块2462通过下层底架附件2464连接在一起。连接方式可以是焊接，也可以是卡接、铆接、胶接等等任何一种连接方式。
为了适应下层底架246中间低两端高的阶梯状结构，下层底架附件2464采用阶梯状结构，其较低的一端为第一附件连接部2464a，用于与下层底架中部模块2461相连接，较高的一端为第二附件连接部2464b，用于与下层底架端部模块2462相连接。第一部件连接部2464a及第二附件连接部2464b的连接段都设有梳齿状结构，可以插入下层底架中部模块2461和下层底架端部模块2462对应的对接端口，增加连接处的接触面积，和加固材料(如焊料)的可附着面积，增加连接的可靠性，延长底架使用寿命。
在上述技术方案的基础上，本申请实施例提供一种下层底架端部模块2462的具体实现方式：如图3所示，其包括下层底架端部梁2462a、下层底架牵引梁2463b及牵引梁前端板2463c，其中下层底架端部梁2462a为由型材拼接而成的条状结构，下层底架牵引梁2463b及牵引梁前端板2463c设置于下层底架端部梁2462a的下表面。下层底架牵引梁2462b包括两个纵向平行设置的立板，该立板的其中一端垂直固定在牵引梁前端板2463c上。
下层底架牵引梁2462b可以是通过焊接、铆接、螺钉连接等任意一种可以将其固定连接在其中下层底架端部梁2462a底面上的方式进行固定。
进一步的，牵引梁前端板2463c位于下层底架端部梁2462a的外端，下层底架端部梁2462a的内端与下层底架附件的第二附件连接部2464b相连接。这里的外端是相对于下层底架中部模块2461而言，靠近下层底架中部模块2461 的一端为内端，远离下层底架中部模块2461的一端称为外端，也就是说，整体上看，下层底架246的两端视为外端。下层底架端部梁2462a和下层底架牵引梁2462b上分别设有转向架接口和车钩连接接口，是双层底架的主要传力受力部位。下层底架牵引梁2462b的双立板结构可以分散车钩传来的拉力。
在上述技术方案的基础上，本申请实施例还提供一种下层底架中部模块2461的具体实现方式，如图14所示，其包括下层底架边梁2461b及下层底架中部梁2461a，其中下层底架中部梁2461a为上表面是平面的型材且其结构以双层底架的纵向中轴线为轴对称，下层底架边梁2461b的侧边竖起且下层底架边梁以双层底架的纵向中轴线为轴在下层底架中部梁2461a的两侧左右布置，下层底架边梁2461b及下层底架中部梁2461a拼接成下层底架中部模块。下层底架中部梁2461a及下层底架边梁2461b可以是整块母材一体成型，也可以是多块型材拼接而成，下层底架中部梁2461a及下层底架边梁2461b采用组焊的方式连接在一起。
进一步的，下层底架中部模块2461的端部设置下层底架附件连接接口，用于与下层底架附件的第一附件连接部2464a相连接。
对于上层底架247，本申请实施例亦提供一种具体的实现方式，如图15所示，其由长大型型材拼接而成，其中上层底架中部模块2471的上表面为平面。
进一步的，上层底架端部模块2472的中间部分由上层底架中部模块2471中间部分型材的延伸部分构成，上层底架端部模块2472的两侧向斜上方以阶梯结构呈翅状伸出，上层底架端部模块2472的翅状伸出以双层底架的纵向中轴线为轴对称。这种结构设计是的上层底架247在两端部的连接处所受到的剪切应力可以被传递到多个方向，互相抵消，增加上层底架247的稳固性。
下层底架246与上层底架247的两侧均设置侧墙连接接口，且其上表面均设置座椅安装接口，下层底架还设置车门安装接口。
采用了上述结构的双层底架，模块化程度高，且各模块之间相互独立，制 造方便快捷，维修简单方便，应用灵活多变；将其应用在轨道车辆中，将车体内分为上下两层空间，且均可载客，增大了运载量，门口位置距离轨面较近，方便上下车与装卸货。
本具体实施例还提供一种轨道车辆，其包括上述车体，车体的数量可以为多个并且彼此串接。本具体实施例提供的车体和轨道车辆具有与上述车顶相同的技术效果。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“前”、“后”、“首”、“尾”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“连接”等术语应做广义理解；以连接为例，可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
尽管已描述了本申请一些可选的实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括一些可选的实施例以及落入本申请范围的所有变更和修改。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种车顶，其特征在于，包括：
    平顶组成，所述平顶组成的上表面呈平面，且与水平面相平行；
    中顶组成，其顶部高于平顶组成的位置；
    斜端顶组成，分别与平顶组成与中顶组成相连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的车顶，其特征在于：所述中顶组成位于车顶中部，所述平顶组成设置于车顶纵向上的两端，平等组成和中顶组成通过斜端顶组成连接在一起。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的车顶，其特征在于：所述平顶组成、中顶组成及斜端顶组成均由异型断面型材制成。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的车顶，其特征在于：所述平顶组成、中顶组成及斜端顶组成通过组焊的方式连接在一起，其中斜端顶组成与中顶组成相连接的部分内嵌于中顶组成的端头开口处；斜端顶组成与中顶组成的连接处内侧通过第一类焊缝连接，外侧通过第二类焊缝连接。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的车顶，其特征在于：所述平顶组成包括平顶边梁和平顶中梁，其中平顶中梁的上表面为平面，平顶边梁在平顶中梁的两侧，以车顶纵向中心线为轴对称设置，所述平顶边梁和平顶中梁通过组焊的方式连接在一起。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的车顶，其特征在于：所述平顶组成还包括平顶封堵型材，平顶封堵型材的形状与所述平顶组成的横截面相配合并设置于所述平顶组成未与所述斜端顶组成相连接的一端，用于封堵所述平顶组成的端头敞口。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的车顶，其特征在于：所述平顶封堵型材的一部分嵌入所述平顶组成的端头敞口，平顶封堵型材与平顶组成的连接处内侧通过第一类焊缝连接，外侧通过第二类焊缝连接。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的车顶，其特征在于：所述中顶组成整体呈罩式 结构，其包括中顶顶梁、中顶底梁和中顶过渡梁，中顶顶梁位于中间顶部，中顶底梁位于中顶顶梁两侧下方，以车顶纵向中心线为轴对称设置，中顶过渡梁两侧分别连接中顶顶梁和中顶底梁，在所述中顶组成的横截面上，中顶过渡梁的轮廓呈过渡曲线形状，所述中顶顶梁、中顶过渡梁、中顶底梁通过组焊的方式连接在一起。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的车顶，其特征在于：所述中顶过渡梁及中顶底梁上开设有窗口。
  10. 根据权利要求3所述的车顶，其特征在于：所述斜端顶组成包括斜端顶顶部型材、斜端顶底端型材以及连接斜端顶顶部型材和斜端顶底端型材的斜端顶过渡型材，所述斜端顶组成的外轮廓与所述中顶组成及平顶组成端部围成的缺口内轮廓相适配。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的车顶，其特征在于：所述斜端顶组成还包括斜端顶连接板，斜端顶连接板设置于所处斜端顶底端型材与所述平顶组成之间，所述斜端顶组成通过斜端顶连接板与所述平顶组成相连接，所述平顶组成与斜端顶组成分别与所述斜端顶连接板通过第一类焊缝相连接。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的车顶，其特征在于：所述斜端顶组成上设有空调送风口和空调回风口。
  13. 一种车体，其特征在于，包括：底架、侧墙、端墙及权利要求1-12任一项所述的车顶，其中侧墙竖向设置于底架两侧，端墙竖向设置于底架两端，侧墙和端墙上端与车顶相连接，下端与底架相连接。
  14. 一种轨道车辆，其特征在于，包括：如权利要求13所述的车体。
PCT/CN2021/141123 2021-12-03 2021-12-24 车顶、车体及轨道车辆 WO2023097827A1 (zh)

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