WO2023093057A1 - 一种充电模块及充电系统 - Google Patents

一种充电模块及充电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023093057A1
WO2023093057A1 PCT/CN2022/103278 CN2022103278W WO2023093057A1 WO 2023093057 A1 WO2023093057 A1 WO 2023093057A1 CN 2022103278 W CN2022103278 W CN 2022103278W WO 2023093057 A1 WO2023093057 A1 WO 2023093057A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
direct current
charging
circuit
charging module
voltage
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PCT/CN2022/103278
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
潘灯海
吕泽杰
易立琼
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华为数字能源技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2023093057A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023093057A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/51—Photovoltaic means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/53—Batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of vehicles, and in particular, to a charging module and a charging system.
  • the charging station is an important infrastructure for electric vehicles to supplement electric energy.
  • the charging system of the charging station usually integrates functions such as AC input power distribution, DC power distribution, cooling, safety protection, and detection and measurement.
  • the electric vehicle is connected to the AC grid through the charging system to realize the supplement of electric energy.
  • the charging module in the charging system can convert the three-phase AC power provided by the AC grid into a certain range of DC voltage output, and then the DC voltage is connected to the battery of the electric vehicle through the charging gun of the system to realize charging and energy supplementation.
  • the three-phase alternating current is first input into the rectification module, and the rectification module converts the three-phase alternating current into high-voltage direct current and transmits it to the high-voltage direct current bus. Then multiple power conversion modules are connected to the high-voltage DC bus, and the power conversion modules convert the high-voltage direct current into direct current that meets the charging requirements of electric vehicles, and the electric vehicles are connected with the power conversion modules to complete the charging process.
  • the rectifier module and each power conversion module are independent modules, so there are other components for connection between the output of the rectifier module and the input of the power conversion module.
  • This split charging system will significantly affect the power conversion efficiency, and the components between the two modules will also lead to an increase in system cost, and will aggravate the heating problem of the charging system.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a charging module and a charging system, and an integrated charging module is designed to improve the conversion efficiency of electric energy. At the same time, when electric vehicles are charging, battery energy storage and photovoltaic power generation can be superimposed, thereby increasing the charging speed of electric vehicles.
  • the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a charging module, including:
  • the charging module is a three-port integrated charging module, and the charging module includes an AC-DC circuit, a first DC-DC circuit and a first direct current transmission circuit inside.
  • one port of the charging module is one end of the AC-DC circuit, which is used to connect to the AC power grid.
  • the other end of the AC-DC circuit is connected to one end of the first DC-DC circuit through a high voltage direct current bus.
  • the other end of the first DC-DC circuit is the output end of the charging module, which is used to connect the device to be charged.
  • One end of the first DC transmission circuit is connected to the high-voltage DC bus, and the other end is the third port of the charging module, which is used to connect to an external DC device, such as a photovoltaic power generation device or an energy storage device.
  • the AC-DC circuit converts the alternating current raised by the alternating current grid into the first direct current and transmits it to the high-voltage direct current bus. If it is in the slow charging mode at this time, the high-voltage DC bus transmits the first direct current to the first DC-DC circuit, and the first DC-DC circuit converts the first direct current into the second direct current corresponding to the device to be charged, and then transfers the first direct current to the device to be charged. Two direct currents are provided to the device to be charged. And if it is slow charging mode, the first direct current transmission circuit needs to transmit the direct current sent by the photovoltaic power generation device or the energy storage device to the high-voltage direct current bus.
  • the superposition of the direct current sent by the photovoltaic power generation device or the energy storage device will increase the input of the first DC-DC circuit, thereby increasing the second direct current, so as to achieve the purpose of fast charging the device to be charged.
  • the high-voltage direct current bus can also transmit the first direct current to the first direct current transmission circuit, and charge the energy storage device through the first direct current transmission circuit to store electric energy.
  • the above-mentioned integrated charging module can reduce the connection components between the AC-DC circuit and the first DC-DC circuit, while reducing the cost of the module, it also eliminates the The generated power consumption greatly improves the conversion efficiency of electric energy, and at the same time reduces the heat generation of the charging module.
  • the three-port charging module provides a connection port for the external DC device, which can realize the superposition of the power generation of the external DC device and the AC power grid, and can not only improve the charging speed, but also alleviate the impact of the fast charging mode on the AC power grid. At the same time, new energy can be fully utilized to reduce carbon emissions.
  • the external direct current device connected to the first direct current transmission circuit may be a photovoltaic power generation device.
  • the first direct current transmission circuit can be turned off, and only the alternating current grid provides charging power for the first DC-DC circuit.
  • the DC power transmission circuit needs to be turned on to obtain the DC power provided by the photovoltaic power generation device, and transmit or transmit the DC power provided by the photovoltaic power generation device to the high-voltage DC bus to realize the superposition of electric energy, so as to improve the charging efficiency of the device to be charged.
  • the second direct current so as to achieve the purpose of fast charging for the device to be charged.
  • the external direct current device connected to the first direct current transmission circuit may be an energy storage device.
  • the working direction of the first direct current transmission circuit is bidirectional.
  • the first direct current transmission circuit can obtain the first direct current on the high-voltage direct current bus, and use the first direct current to charge the energy storage device to achieve the purpose of energy storage.
  • the transmission direction of the DC power transmission circuit needs to be changed to obtain the DC power provided by the energy storage device and transmit it to the high-voltage DC bus to realize the superposition of electric energy to increase the second DC power for charging the device to be charged. Therefore, the purpose of fast charging for the device to be charged is achieved.
  • the external direct current device connected to the first direct current transmission circuit may be an auxiliary charging module.
  • the auxiliary charging module compared with the charging module, lacks an AC-DC circuit. It is a two-port module, including a second DC-DC circuit and a second DC transmission circuit. Wherein, the first end of the second DC-DC circuit is connected to the first end of the second direct current transmission circuit, and the second end of the second DC-DC circuit is connected to the device to be charged, providing a charging port for the device to be charged.
  • the charging module and the auxiliary charging module are connected through the first direct current transmission circuit and the second direct current transmission circuit.
  • the first direct current transmission circuit needs to transmit the first direct current on the high-voltage direct current bus to the second direct current transmission circuit, and then the second direct current transmission circuit transmits the first direct current to the second DC - In the DC circuit, the first DC power is converted into a second DC power by the second DC-DC circuit, and the second DC power is transmitted to the device to be charged through the second terminal of the second DC-DC circuit to complete the charging process.
  • the second DC-DC circuit in the auxiliary charging module may share the AC-DC circuit of the charging module with the first DC-DC circuit in the charging module. Therefore, connecting the auxiliary charging module to the charging module can increase the number of charging ports and meet the purpose of simultaneously charging multiple devices to be charged. At the same time, while increasing the charging port, the number of AC-DC circuits can be reduced, reducing the cost of the module.
  • the second direct current transmission circuit in the auxiliary charging module may also be connected to a photovoltaic power generation device or an energy storage device.
  • the second direct current transmission circuit can also transmit the direct current provided by the photovoltaic power generation device or the energy storage device to the second DC-DC circuit to complete the direct current conversion, and finally charge the device to be charged.
  • the first direct current transmission circuit can determine its working state according to the value of the first direct current on the high-voltage direct current bus. If the value of the first direct current on the high-voltage direct current bus is greater than the preset threshold, it means that the electric energy provided by the AC power grid is sufficient. At this time, the first direct current transmission circuit either charges the device to be charged and transmits the first direct current to the first DC-DC In the circuit, the first DC-DC circuit converts the first direct current into a second direct current, and transmits the second direct current to the device to be charged. Or, the first direct current transmission circuit transmits the first direct current to the energy storage device to charge the energy storage device to complete power storage.
  • the first direct current transmission circuit transmits the first direct current to the auxiliary charging module
  • the second DC-DC circuit of the auxiliary charging module converts the first direct current into a second direct current, and then transmits the second direct current through the port of the auxiliary charging module transmitted to the device to be charged.
  • the direct current transmission circuit needs to The DC power provided by the photovoltaic power generation device or the energy storage device is transmitted to the high-voltage DC bus to realize the superposition of electric energy. Then the superimposed direct current is transmitted to the first DC-DC circuit to increase the second direct current output by the first DC-DC circuit.
  • the first direct current transmission circuit may be composed of a common mode inductor, a control switch and a fuse.
  • the common mode inductor, the control switch and the fuse are connected in series.
  • the common-mode inductor is used to suppress common-mode interference
  • the control switch is used to control the first direct current transmission circuit to be turned on or off
  • the fuse is used to protect the direct current transmission circuit. When the current passing through the direct current transmission circuit is too large, the fuse will is blown, thereby disconnecting the DC transmission circuit.
  • the direct current transmission module further includes a current detection circuit.
  • the current detection circuit is used to detect the current in the direct current transmission circuit, and monitor the current to achieve the purpose of protecting the direct current transmission circuit.
  • the charging module further includes a control circuit.
  • the control circuit can determine the corresponding second direct current according to different charging requirements of different devices to be charged. Then the value of the first direct current output by the AC-DC circuit is adjusted according to the second direct current, so as to improve the utilization rate of electric energy.
  • both the AC-DC circuit in the charging module and the first DC-DC circuit are bidirectional. That is, the charging module can not only charge the device to be charged, but also supply power to the AC power grid.
  • the control circuit controls the working direction of the AC-DC circuit and the first DC-DC circuit, and the first DC-DC circuit transmits the DC power provided by the device to be charged according to the power supply instruction sent by the AC grid to the high voltage DC bus.
  • the AC-DC circuit inverts the high-voltage direct current on the high-voltage direct current bus according to the power supply instruction, converts the high-voltage direct current on the high-voltage direct current bus into alternating current and transmits it to the alternating current grid.
  • the second aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a charging system, the charging system includes:
  • a transformer, a plurality of charging modules and a switch device as shown in any one of the implementation manners of the first aspect above.
  • the input ends of the multiple charging modules are all connected to the AC power grid through the transformer.
  • the output terminals of the multiple charging modules are connected to the input terminals of the switch device, and the multiple charging modules are connected in parallel through the switch device.
  • the transformer is used to convert the high-voltage alternating current provided by the alternating current grid into low-voltage alternating current, and transmit the low-voltage alternating current to the input ends of multiple charging modules.
  • the output end of the switch device is connected to the device to be charged.
  • the switch device is used to select at least one charging module among the plurality of charging modules to charge the device to be charged.
  • the charging system further includes a photovoltaic power generation device or an energy storage device.
  • the second ends of the first direct current transmission circuits included in the plurality of charging modules are all connected to the system direct current bus, and the photovoltaic power generation device or the energy storage device is connected to the system direct current bus.
  • Multiple charging modules and photovoltaic power generation devices or energy storage devices are connected in parallel through the system DC bus.
  • the photovoltaic power generation device or the energy storage device is used to provide direct current for the first DC-DC circuits included in the multiple charging modules.
  • the charging module is also used to convert the direct current provided by the device to be charged, the photovoltaic power generation device and/or the energy storage device into alternating current according to the power supply instruction sent by the alternating current grid, and transmit the alternating current to the alternating current in the grid.
  • the third aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides another charging system, which includes:
  • a transformer at least one charging module as shown in any one of the above first aspects, an auxiliary charging module and a switching device.
  • the input ends of the charging modules are all connected to the AC power grid through a transformer. Both the output terminals of the charging module and the auxiliary charging module are connected to the input terminals of the switch device, and are connected in parallel through the switch device.
  • the transformer is used to convert the high-voltage alternating current provided by the alternating current grid into low-voltage alternating current, and transmit the low-voltage alternating current to the input end of at least one charging module.
  • the output end of the switch device is connected to the device to be charged.
  • the switch device is used for selecting at least one charging module or at least one auxiliary charging module to charge the charging device.
  • the second end of the first direct current transmission circuit included in the charging module is connected in parallel with the second end of the second direct current transmission circuit included in the auxiliary charging module through a system direct current bus.
  • the charging system further includes a photovoltaic power generation device or an energy storage device.
  • the photovoltaic power generation device or energy storage device is connected to the system DC bus.
  • the photovoltaic power generation device is used to provide the third direct current for the first DC-DC circuit included in the charging module and the second DC-DC circuit included in the auxiliary charging module.
  • the energy storage device is used to provide the fourth DC power for the first DC-DC circuit included in the charging module and the second DC-DC circuit included in the auxiliary charging module.
  • the charging module is also used to convert the direct current provided by the device to be charged, the photovoltaic power generation device and/or the energy storage device into alternating current according to the power supply instruction sent by the alternating current grid, and transmit the alternating current to the alternating current in the grid.
  • the fourth aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a charging method, the charging method includes:
  • the charging module can provide users with multiple charging methods, such as normal charging mode or fast charging mode.
  • the charging module can first receive the charging command input by the user, and then the charging module can determine the power supply mode of the charging module according to the charging command. The module is charged. Under this charging method, the charging module can provide users with more charging options, meet different charging demands, and improve the intelligence level of the charging module.
  • the charging module can determine its own power supply mode to supply power to the mains according to the normal charging instruction. At this time, the charging module needs to obtain the AC power provided by the AC grid, convert the AC power into DC power, and transmit the DC power to the device to be charged, and finally achieve the purpose of charging the device to be charged.
  • the charging module can determine its own power supply mode according to the fast charging instruction as the mains electricity and photovoltaic power generation device or energy storage device superimposed power supply. At this time, the charging module not only needs to obtain the AC power provided by the AC grid, but also needs to obtain the DC power provided by the photovoltaic power generation device or the energy storage device. The charging module first converts the AC power provided by the AC grid into DC power, then superimposes the DC power with the DC power provided by the photovoltaic power generation device or energy storage device, and finally converts the superimposed DC power into charging DC power and transmits it to the device to be charged.
  • the fourth aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides another charging method, which is applied to the charging module as shown in any embodiment of the first aspect above, and the charging method includes:
  • the control circuit receives the charging instruction input by the user.
  • the control circuit determines the power supply mode of the charging module according to the charging instruction.
  • the control circuit controls the charging module to obtain electric energy according to the determined power supply mode, and controls the charging module to convert the electric energy into a second direct current corresponding to the module to be charged.
  • the control circuit controls the charging module to transmit the second direct current to the module to be charged.
  • the charging instruction input by the user is a common charging instruction.
  • the control circuit determines that the power supply mode of the charging module is the mains power supply according to the common charging command.
  • the control circuit controls the AC-DC circuit to obtain the AC power provided by the AC grid.
  • the control circuit controls the AC-DC circuit to convert the alternating current into the first direct current, and inputs the first direct current into the first DC-DC circuit through the high-voltage direct current bus.
  • the control circuit controls the first DC-DC circuit to convert the first direct current into the second direct current, and controls the first DC-DC circuit to transmit the second direct current to the module to be charged.
  • the charging instruction input by the user is a fast charging instruction.
  • the control circuit determines the power supply mode of the charging module according to the fast charging instruction to superimpose power supply from the mains power and the photovoltaic power generation device or the energy storage device.
  • the control circuit controls the AC-DC circuit to obtain the AC power provided by the AC grid.
  • the control circuit controls the AC-DC circuit to convert the alternating current into the first direct current, and transmit the first direct current to the high-voltage direct current bus.
  • the control circuit controls the first direct current transmission circuit to obtain the direct current sent by the photovoltaic power generation device or the energy storage device, and transmit the direct current sent by the photovoltaic power generation device or the energy storage device to the high-voltage direct current bus.
  • the control circuit controls the superposition of the first direct current and the direct current sent by the photovoltaic power generation device or the energy storage device, and transmits the superimposed direct current to the first DC-DC circuit.
  • the control circuit controls the first DC-DC circuit to convert the superimposed direct current into a second direct current, and controls the first DC-DC circuit to transmit the second direct current to the module to be charged.
  • FIG. 1 is a system architecture diagram of a charging system shown in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an auxiliary charging module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a system architecture diagram of a charging system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a system architecture diagram of another charging system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a system architecture diagram of another charging system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of a charging method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of another charging method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a charging module and a charging system, and an integrated charging module is designed to improve the conversion efficiency of electric energy. At the same time, when electric vehicles are charging, battery energy storage and photovoltaic power generation can be superimposed, thereby increasing the charging speed of electric vehicles.
  • the charging station is an important infrastructure for electric vehicles to supplement electric energy.
  • the charging system provided by it usually integrates functions such as AC input power distribution, charging, DC power distribution, cooling, safety protection, and detection and measurement.
  • an electric vehicle is connected to an AC grid through a charging system to realize electric energy supplementation.
  • the charging system will convert the three-phase AC power provided by the AC grid into a certain range of DC voltage and output it, and the DC voltage will be connected to the battery of the electric vehicle through the charging gun to realize charging and energy supplementation.
  • the cost of hardware equipment and the efficiency of power conversion have become important indicators for the establishment of charging stations. From the perspective of charging station operation, it is hoped that the initial investment cost of charging station charging facilities is low and the operation efficiency is high, so as to obtain a higher return on investment. At the same time, with the rapid development of new energy electric vehicles, in order to obtain a better charging experience, the charging power required by electric vehicles will become larger and larger. The high-power charging demand of electric vehicles will face a series of problems such as difficulty in obtaining power and large load impact on the grid. Therefore, the development trend of the charging station is to use the AC power provided by the AC grid as the charging energy, and it can also well absorb new energy power generation.
  • the impact of the charging system on the power grid can be solved by superimposing the buffer of battery energy storage, and electric energy can be supplemented by superimposing photovoltaic power generation.
  • Superimposing new energy power generation on the basis of traditional grid power supply not only increases the charging voltage, but also reduces carbon emissions, stabilizes the power grid, and greatly improves the charging performance of charging stations.
  • alternating current can be converted into direct current (DC) through various rectification circuits.
  • Most rectification circuits are composed of transformers, rectification main circuits and filters.
  • the rectifier main circuit is mainly composed of rectifier diodes, including half-wave rectifier circuits, full-wave rectifier circuits and bridge rectifier circuits.
  • the DC-DC circuit is a DC-to-DC circuit, generally a voltage converter that converts an input voltage and effectively outputs a fixed voltage. Including step-up, step-down and buck-boost.
  • DC-DC circuits are composed of inductance coils, diodes, transistors and capacitors, etc., and output chopper circuits in the circuit category.
  • FIG. 1 is a system architecture diagram of a charging system shown in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the charging system includes two stages of power conversion.
  • the first stage is an alternating current to direct current (AC-DC) rectification module that is not isolated from the power grid, and the second stage is a direct current to direct current (DC-DC) charging module that is electrically isolated from the power grid.
  • AC-DC alternating current to direct current
  • DC-DC direct current to direct current
  • the AC-DC module is connected to the AC grid, converts the three-phase AC input into DC and completes power factor correction, and then outputs a relatively stable DC voltage to the internal high-voltage DC bus.
  • the subsequent DC-DC module is electrically isolated from the power grid and connected to the internal high-voltage DC bus. Its input is the output of the AC-DC module on the high-voltage DC bus, and its output is 200 to 1000V DC charging. Then the other end of the DC-DC module is connected to the electric vehicle to be charged through the charging cable to charge the electric vehicle.
  • a photovoltaic power generation device or an energy storage device such as DC equipment such as an energy storage battery and a photovoltaic panel, is also connected to the internal high-voltage direct current bus.
  • Photovoltaic power generation devices or energy storage devices are connected to the internal high-voltage DC bus through a single-stage DC-DC module to achieve a low-cost, high-efficiency, easy-to-manage and dispatch photovoltaic-storage DC bus coupling architecture.
  • the existing charging system can provide a stable DC charging voltage for electric vehicles, and at the same time, new energy equipment can be superimposed to supplement electric energy.
  • the AC-DC module that converts AC to DC is independent from each DC-DC module, and an electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) commonality is required between the output of the AC-DC module and the input of the DC-DC module.
  • EMC electromagnetic compatibility
  • Connecting devices such as molded inductor filtering, control switches, fuses, and electrical connection terminals to ensure the independence and compatibility of each module. But this will lead to too much port component data in the entire charging system, resulting in excessive cost of the charging system.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a new integrated charging module and a charging system based on the charging module.
  • the integrated charging module can greatly reduce the number of port components in the system, and can improve the power conversion efficiency while reducing the cost.
  • the integrated charging module also provides a connection port for optical storage equipment, so as to achieve the purpose of superimposing battery energy storage or photovoltaic power generation on the DC bus.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the charging module is an integrated three-port charging module. It includes an AC-DC circuit 10 , a DC-DC circuit 20 and a direct current transmission circuit 30 .
  • the AC-DC circuit 10 corresponds to the AC input port 101
  • the first DC-DC circuit 20 corresponds to the charging output port 102
  • the first DC transmission circuit 30 corresponds to the high voltage DC input and output port 103 .
  • One end of the AC-DC circuit 10 is connected to the AC power grid through the AC input port 101 , and the other end is connected to the high-voltage DC bus.
  • the high-voltage DC bus includes a bus positive stage 201 , a bus ground 202 and a bus negative 203 .
  • the other end of the AC-DC circuit 10 is connected to one end of the first DC-DC circuit 20 through the high-voltage DC bus, and the other end of the first DC-DC circuit 20 is connected to the device to be charged through the charging output port 102 .
  • one end of the first direct current transmission circuit 30 is directly connected to the high voltage direct current bus, and the other end is connected to other external direct current devices through the high voltage direct current input and output port 103 .
  • a photovoltaic power generation device can be connected, that is, the high-voltage direct current input and output port 103 can provide a connection port for new energy power generation equipment.
  • the AC-DC circuit 10 can change the three-phase alternating current provided by the alternating current grid into the first direct current, and can also perform power factor (PFC) correction on the first direct current, so that the AC-DC circuit 10 can supply the high voltage direct current bus A continuous and stable first direct current is output.
  • the first DC power is input into the first DC-DC circuit 20 through the high-voltage DC bus, and the first DC-DC circuit 20 converts the first DC power into a second DC power (DC charging voltage) in the range of 150V to 1000V to adapt to the electric vehicle. charging power.
  • the DC charging voltage is output to the device to be charged (electric vehicle) through the charging output port 102 to complete the charging process.
  • the first DC transmission circuit 30 provides an external DC device with a port connected to the internal high-voltage DC bus of the charging module, and can transmit high-voltage power between the external DC device and the high-voltage DC bus.
  • a photovoltaic power generation device or an energy storage device may be connected to the high-voltage direct current bus through the first direct current transmission circuit 30 .
  • a preset threshold may be set first. When the value of the first direct current on the high-voltage direct current bus is greater than the preset threshold, it indicates that the AC power supply is sufficient. At this time, the charging module can not only charge the device to be charged through the first DC-DC circuit 20, but also through the first DC-DC circuit 20.
  • the direct current transmission circuit 30 charges the energy storage battery, so as to realize the storage and backup of electric energy.
  • the value of the first direct current on the high-voltage direct current bus is less than the preset threshold, it indicates that the power supply of the alternating current grid is insufficient.
  • the photovoltaic power generation device or the energy storage device needs to be in the power generation state, and the first direct current transmission circuit 30 provides direct current to the high-voltage direct current bus to realize the photovoltaic power generation device or energy storage
  • the superposition of the discharge voltage of the device and the output voltage of the AC-DC module enables the photovoltaic power generation device or energy storage device and the AC grid to jointly charge the device to be charged to ensure the charging performance of the device to be charged.
  • the charging module can provide users with two charging modes, one is a normal charging mode and the other is a fast charging mode. Users can choose different charging modes according to charging needs.
  • the user selects the normal charging mode, the user sends a normal charging command to the charging module.
  • the charging module receives the normal charging command, it can turn off the first direct current transmission circuit 30, and use the electric energy provided by the alternating current grid to charge the electric vehicle.
  • the AC power grid provides AC power to the AC-DC circuit 10, and the AC-DC circuit 10 converts the AC power into a first DC power, and transmits it to the first DC-DC circuit 20 through a high-voltage DC bus, and the first DC-DC circuit 20 again
  • the input first direct current is converted into a second direct current, and the electric vehicle is charged by using the second direct current.
  • the user selects the fast charging mode, the user sends a fast charging command to the charging module.
  • the charging module receives the fast charging command, it can turn on the first direct current transmission circuit 30 .
  • the photovoltaic power generation device or the energy storage device can provide the third direct current to the high-voltage direct current bus through the first direct current transmission circuit 30, or the energy storage device can supply the third direct current to the high-voltage direct current bus through the first direct current transmission circuit 30
  • the fourth direct current the discharge of the photovoltaic power generation device or the energy storage device and the output voltage of the AC-DC module are superimposed on the high-voltage direct current bus, and then the superimposed direct current is transmitted to the first DC-DC circuit 20 to improve the first The second direct current output by the DC-DC circuit 20.
  • the photovoltaic power generation device or the energy storage device and the AC power grid jointly charge the device to be charged, thereby increasing the charging speed of electric energy.
  • the high voltage DC input and output ports 103 corresponding to the first DC power transmission circuit 30 can also be connected to other DC devices.
  • the first direct current transmission circuit 30 may also be connected to an auxiliary charging module.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an auxiliary charging module provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 3, compared with the charging module shown in Figure 2, the auxiliary charging module does not have the AC-DC circuit of the previous stage, and only retains the second DC-DC circuit 301 and the second DC power transmission circuit 50 of the latter stage. .
  • the function of the second DC-DC circuit 301 is similar to that of the first DC-DC circuit 20 , and the structure and function of the second direct current transmission circuit 50 are similar to those of the first direct current transmission circuit 30 , which will not be repeated here.
  • Auxiliary charging modules do not have the ability to convert AC to DC, so they cannot be connected to the AC grid. However, the high-voltage DC input and output port 302 of the auxiliary charging module can be connected to the high-voltage DC input and output port 103 of the charging module, so that the second DC-DC circuit 301 and the first DC-DC circuit 20 share the AC-DC circuit 10 in the charging module. .
  • the first direct current on the high-voltage direct current bus in the charging module can also be transmitted to the second direct current transmission circuit 50 through the first direct current transmission circuit 30, and then transmitted to the second DC-DC circuit 301 through the second direct current transmission circuit 50, and then by The second DC-DC circuit 301 converts the first direct current into a second direct current, and charges the device to be charged through the port 303 of the auxiliary charging module.
  • the charging module When the charging module is connected to the auxiliary transmission module through the first direct current transmission circuit 30, as many charging ports as possible can be provided under the condition of sharing the AC-DC circuit 10, so that in the charging system, more charging ports can be provided at the same time
  • the device to be charged is charged, reducing the cost of the module and increasing the capacity of the charging system, thereby improving the performance of the charging system.
  • the first direct current transmission circuit 30 may include an EMC common inductor 104 , a control switch 105 , a fuse 106 and the like.
  • the EMC common-inductance inductor 104 is used to suppress common-mode interference and realize filtering.
  • the control switch 105 is used to control the connection and disconnection of the external DC device. It can be understood that when the control switch 105 is closed, the first direct current transmission circuit 30 is opened, and an external direct current device (such as a photovoltaic power generation device) can be connected to the charging module through the high voltage direct current input and output port 103 . When the control switch 105 is turned off, the direct current transmission circuit 30 is closed, and the external direct current device cannot be connected to the charging module.
  • the state of the control switch can be determined according to specific requirements and specific charging scenarios.
  • the charging module can realize the parallel connection of multiple modules, so that each charging module is connected to the system DC bus in the charging system, so that multiple modules can be connected to the photovoltaic power generation device or storage Superposition coupling of capable devices.
  • the fuse 106 has a protective function. When the voltage in the DC transmission circuit 30 is too high, the fuse 106 will be blown to disconnect the optical storage device from the high-voltage DC bus, thereby protecting circuit components.
  • the first direct current transmission circuit 30 may further include a current detection unit 107 , and the current detection unit 107 is used to monitor the current in the first direct current transmission circuit 30 . Once the current in the first direct current transmission circuit 30 is too large, related protection measures can be implemented according to the measured current value, such as turning off the control switch 105 to protect the circuit.
  • the charging system also includes a control circuit 40.
  • the control circuit 40 is used to control the working state of the charging module. It can adjust the high-voltage direct current on the high-voltage direct-current bus according to the direct-current charging demand (second direct current) of the device to be charged. Make the DC-DC circuit 20 at the working point with the best output efficiency, so as to improve the power conversion efficiency of the charging device.
  • the second direct current output by the charging module can be continuously changed to meet the charging requirements of more types of devices to be charged.
  • both the AC-DC circuit 10 and the first DC-DC circuit 20 in the charging module can be bidirectional. That is, the first DC-DC circuit 20 can not only transmit the high-voltage direct current on the high-voltage DC bus to the device to be charged, but also transmit the electric energy stored in the device to be charged to the high-voltage DC bus through the charging output port 102 .
  • the AC-DC circuit 10 not only has a rectification function, but also an inverter function. That is, the AC-DC circuit 10 can rectify the three-phase alternating current provided by the alternating current grid, and output high-voltage direct current. It can also invert the DC power on the high-voltage DC bus, convert it into AC power and return it to the AC grid.
  • the AC power grid provides AC power to the AC-DC circuit 10, and the AC-DC circuit 10 outputs the first DC power to the high-voltage DC bus.
  • the DC bus outputs DC, and different DCs are coupled and superimposed on the high-voltage DC bus, and are transmitted to the first DC-DC circuit 20 through the high-voltage DC bus.
  • the first DC-DC circuit 20 converts the coupled and superimposed DC power into the second DC power required by the device to be charged, and transmits it to the device to be charged through the charging output port 102 to realize the charging process.
  • the control circuit 40 can change the working direction of the AC-DC circuit 10 and the first DC-DC circuit 20 according to the power supply instruction sent by the AC grid.
  • the external device to be charged generates power through the charging output port 102 to provide DC power for the high-voltage DC bus.
  • the photovoltaic power generation device or the energy storage device is also in a power generation state, and outputs direct current to the high-voltage direct current bus through the direct current transmission circuit 30 .
  • the direct current provided by the external device to be charged and the optical storage device is coupled and superimposed on the high-voltage direct current bus, and then input into the AC-DC circuit 10 .
  • the AC-DC circuit 10 inverts the DC power, converts it into AC power and feeds it into the AC power grid through the AC input port 101 , realizing the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) function.
  • DC equipment such as energy storage batteries, photovoltaic panels, and electric vehicles can interact with the AC grid through the charging module, which is conducive to the development of charging infrastructure and the evolution of charging technology.
  • the integrated charging module provided in the embodiment of the present application provides three ports to realize the connection of the AC grid, the device to be charged and other external DC devices.
  • the included AC-DC circuit and DC-DC circuit are directly connected through the high-voltage DC bus, which greatly reduces the number of port components required in the split structure, reduces the loss of port components and reduces the cost of the module.
  • the device generates heat and greatly improves the power conversion efficiency.
  • the photovoltaic power generation device or energy storage device can directly transmit DC power with the high-voltage DC bus through the high-voltage DC input and output port 103, and can provide supplementary DC power for the DC-DC circuit in the case of insufficient power supply of the AC grid to realize battery energy storage and photovoltaic power generation.
  • the superposition of power generation increases the charging voltage and increases the charging speed of the charging module.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides several charging systems constructed by the above charging module, which will be introduced one by one below.
  • Fig. 4 is a system architecture diagram of a charging system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the charging system includes a transformer 401 , a plurality of parallel charging modules 402 and a switching device 403 .
  • the AC grid is connected to the AC input port 101 of each charging module 402 through a transformer 401 .
  • the switching device 403 can be a power distribution matrix switch, the charging output port 102 of each charging module is connected to one end of the power distribution matrix switch, and the parallel connection between multiple charging modules is realized through the power distribution matrix switch.
  • the transformer 401 is used to convert the high-voltage alternating current provided by the alternating current grid into low-voltage alternating current, and provide the low-voltage alternating current for each charging module 402 .
  • the transformer can step down the 10kV three-phase AC provided by the AC grid to a low-voltage three-phase AC of 0.4kV (380V), and input it to each integrated three-port charging module 402 .
  • the voltage of the AC power directly provided by the AC grid will be very large, and the step-down of the transformer is to meet the working voltage requirements of the charging module and protect the safety of the charging system.
  • the low-voltage AC power stepped down by the transformer 401 is input into the AC-DC circuit 10 inside the charging module through the AC input port 101 of the charging module, and the AC-DC circuit 10 converts the three-phase AC voltage into a high-voltage DC voltage, and realizes The power factor correction of AC input transmits the stable high-voltage DC voltage to the internal high-voltage DC bus, transmits it to the first DC-DC circuit 20 through the high-voltage DC bus, and converts it into a device to be charged by the first DC-DC circuit 20
  • the required DC charging voltage is usually in the range of 150V to 1000V.
  • the output ports (charging output ports 102 ) of multiple charging modules 402 are connected to the power distribution matrix switch, so that the charging output port 102 of each module can be connected in parallel to any terminal to be charged through the power distribution matrix switch.
  • one or more charging modules can be selected to charge the device to be charged by controlling the closed state of multiple switches in the power distribution matrix switch.
  • multiple charging modules 402 supply power to the device to be charged at the same time, thereby realizing high-power DC fast charging and increasing the charging speed of the device to be charged.
  • the power distribution matrix switches in this charging system include switches in four rows and four columns.
  • the first charging module and the second charging module simultaneously charge the device to be charged connected to the first charging gun, thereby increasing the charging speed of the device to be charged.
  • the charging system may also include an energy storage system and a photovoltaic power generation system to provide supplementary electric energy for the charging system.
  • the energy storage system includes an energy storage battery 404 and a bidirectional DC converter 405 (DC-DC converter), while the photovoltaic power generation system includes a photovoltaic panel 406 and an MPPT DC-DC converter 407 capable of generating electricity.
  • each charging module 402 the high-voltage DC input and output ports 103 of each charging module 402 are connected to the system DC bus 408 to realize the parallel connection of the high-voltage DC bus inside each charging module, and then the energy storage battery 404 is connected to the system DC bus through a DC converter 405
  • the photovoltaic panel 406 is also connected to the system DC bus through the MPPT DC-DC converter 407, realizing the parallel connection of multiple charging modules 402, energy storage batteries 404, and photovoltaic panels 406.
  • the charging module can transmit the first DC power on the high-voltage DC bus to the system DC bus 408 , through the system DC bus 408 to the DC converter 405, the DC converter 405 can convert the first DC power into the charging voltage required by the energy storage battery, and then use the charging voltage to charge the energy storage battery to realize the storage of electric energy.
  • both the energy storage battery 404 and the photovoltaic panel 406 serve as a DC power generation device to supply power to each charging module 402. Correction, power generation by the photovoltaic panel 406 also undergoes power factor correction through the MPPT DC-DC converter 407, so as to provide a stable DC voltage to the system DC bus 408, and then transmit the high-voltage DC inside each charging module 402 through the system DC bus 408
  • the bus provides DC power to the first DC-DC circuit 20 included in each charging module 402 .
  • the power supply capacity of the transformer does not meet the power demand of the charging system
  • energy storage may be superimposed to meet the power supply demand.
  • the maximum charging power demand of the system is 480kW, but the maximum remaining power capacity of the transformer is only 320kW, and the lack of 160kW can be met by superimposing the energy storage battery 404 or the photovoltaic panel 406 .
  • the power of a single charging module 402 is 60kW, and the power of the internal AC-DC circuit and DC-DC circuit are equal, both being 60kW, so eight charging modules 402 need to be configured.
  • the maximum output power of the AC-DC circuit 10 in each charging module 402 can be set to not exceed 40kW, which can avoid overloading the front-end transformer.
  • the insufficient electric energy can be transmitted to the first DC-DC circuit 20 by the energy storage battery 404 and the photovoltaic panel 406 through the system DC bus.
  • the output power of the AC-DC circuit 10 is designed to be smaller than the output power of the first DC-DC circuit 20 at the subsequent stage, which can also save the cost of the AC-DC circuit 10 .
  • the AC-DC circuit 10 and the first DC-DC circuit 20 included in the charging module 402 in the charging system can also support bidirectional power conversion. That is, in a normal charging scenario, the AC-DC circuit 10 rectifies the AC power provided by the AC power grid into a first direct current, which is used as an input to the first DC-DC circuit 20 of the subsequent stage, and the first DC-DC circuit 20 performs charging for the device to be charged. Power supplement. In grid staggered peak or photovoltaic power generation application scenarios, the AC-DC circuit 10 and the first DC-DC circuit 20 in each charging module 402 can change the working direction according to the power supply instruction sent by the AC grid.
  • the energy storage battery 404 and the photovoltaic panel 406 can transmit energy to the high-voltage DC bus of each charging module 402 through the system DC bus 408, and then the high-voltage DC bus transmits energy to the AC-DC circuit 10, and the AC-DC circuit 10 pairs It inverts and converts energy into alternating current for transmission to the grid.
  • the device to be charged (electric vehicle) can also invert and feed the energy stored in its battery pack to the AC grid through the first DC-DC circuit 20 of the charging module through the high-voltage DC bus and the AC-DC circuit 10 to realize the V2G function .
  • auxiliary charging module can also be introduced in the battery.
  • the auxiliary charging module is a single-stage low-cost auxiliary charging module that deletes the structure of the front-stage AC-DC circuit and retains the rear-stage DC-DC circuit and DC transmission circuit. That is, the auxiliary charging module has a two-port structure, including a charging output port and a high-voltage DC input and output port. In the auxiliary charging module, the characteristics and parameters of the DC-DC module are completely the same as those of the subsequent DC-DC module in the charging module, and will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 5 is a system architecture diagram of another charging system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the charging system includes a transformer 401 , at least one charging module 402 , at least one auxiliary charging module 501 and a switch device 403 .
  • the transformer 401 , the charging module 402 and the switching device 403 are similar to the devices in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 , and will not be repeated here.
  • the transformer 401 is still connected to the AC grid and the input end of the charging module 402 .
  • Low-voltage AC power is provided for each charging module 402 .
  • the charging module 402 will input the low-voltage alternating current to the AC-DC circuit 10 inside the charging module through the AC input port 101 of the charging module 402, and the AC-DC circuit 10 will convert the three-phase alternating voltage into the first direct current, and realize the alternating current input.
  • Power factor correction the stable first direct current is transmitted to the internal high-voltage direct current bus, and then transmitted to the first DC-DC circuit 20 of the subsequent stage through the high-voltage direct current bus, and converted by the first DC-DC circuit 20 to be charged
  • the second direct current required by the device is usually in the range of 150V to 1000V.
  • the output port (charging output port 102) of multiple charging modules 402 and the output port (charging output port 303) of the auxiliary charging module are connected to the power distribution matrix switch (switching device 403), so as to achieve the connection between the charging module 402 and the auxiliary charging module 501. connected in parallel.
  • the charging module 402 and/or the auxiliary charging module 501 can be selected to charge the device to be charged by controlling the closed state of multiple switches in the power distribution matrix switch.
  • each charging module 402 and the high-voltage DC input and output ports 302 of the auxiliary charging module are connected to the system DC bus 504 to realize the charging module 402 and Parallel connection of auxiliary charging modules 501 .
  • each auxiliary charging module 501 can share the pre-stage AC-DC circuit 10 of the charging module 402 through the system DC bus 502 . Since the probability of each charging terminal being charged with high power at the same time is relatively small, the charging module 402 can be fully utilized through this configuration.
  • the auxiliary charging module 501 can configure more charging positions for the charging system, and can accommodate more charging terminals.
  • the introduction of the auxiliary charging module 501 can improve the utilization rate of the charging system while reducing the module cost.
  • the capacity provided by the transformer 401 is 240kW, and the power of each charging module 402 is 60kW.
  • the charging system can be provided with four three-port charging modules 402 .
  • power sharing is performed through the system DC bus 502 , and four auxiliary charging modules 501 can be added.
  • the system can charge 8 terminals at the same time. When charging at the same time, it can provide each terminal with an average power of 30kW, and can provide each terminal with a maximum charging power of 240kW.
  • the charging system can provide differentiated services for vehicles with various charging power requirements, which improves the utilization efficiency of the charging system.
  • the above charging system may also include an energy storage system and a photovoltaic power generation system to provide supplementary electric energy for the entire charging system.
  • a system architecture diagram of a charging system including an energy storage system and a photovoltaic power generation system is shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the energy storage system includes an energy storage battery 404 and a bidirectional DC converter 405 (DC-DC converter), while the photovoltaic power generation system includes a photovoltaic panel 406 and an MPPT DC-DC converter 407 capable of generating electricity.
  • the high voltage DC input and output port 103 of each charging module 402 and the high voltage DC input and output port 303 of the auxiliary charging module 501 are connected to the system DC bus 502 to realize the parallel connection of the charging module 402 and the auxiliary charging module 501 .
  • the energy storage battery 404 is connected to the system DC bus 502 through the DC converter 405, and the photovoltaic panel 406 is also connected to the system DC bus 502 through the MPPT DC-DC converter 407 to realize multiple charging modules 402, auxiliary charging modules 501,
  • the energy storage battery 404 and the photovoltaic panel 406 are connected in parallel.
  • the charging module 402 can transmit the high-voltage DC on the high-voltage DC bus to the system DC bus 502 It is transmitted to the DC converter 405 through the system DC bus 502, and the DC converter 405 can convert it into the charging voltage required by the energy storage battery 401, and then use the charging voltage to charge the energy storage battery 404 to realize the energy storage. save.
  • both the energy storage battery 404 and the photovoltaic panel 406 serve as a DC power generation device to supply power to each charging module 402 and the auxiliary charging module 501 .
  • the fourth DC power sent by the energy storage battery 404 needs to be corrected by the DC converter 405 for power factor correction, and the power generated by the photovoltaic panel 406 also needs to be corrected for power factor by the MPPT DC-DC converter 407, so as to provide stable power to the system DC bus 502.
  • the DC voltage is then transmitted through the system DC bus 502 to the DC-DC circuit inside each charging module 402 and each auxiliary charging module 501, providing the DC-DC circuit included in each charging module 402 and the auxiliary charging module 501 direct current.
  • the configuration of the charging module 402 can be configured according to the capacity that the transformer 401 can support. Replenish. For example, the maximum charging power demand of the system is 480kW, but the maximum remaining power capacity of the transformer 401 is only 300kW, and the lack of 180kW needs to be met by the auxiliary charging module 501 .
  • the power of the AC-DC circuit 10 and the first DC-DC circuit 20 in the charging module 402 are equal, both are 60kW, and the power of the auxiliary charging module 501 is also 60kW, then five charging stations can be configured according to the grid capacity Module 402, the lack of 180kW charging power is met by stacking energy storage battery 404 and three auxiliary charging modules 501, so that the problem of insufficient grid capacity can be solved.
  • the above-mentioned charging system is constructed by a three-port integrated charging module and an auxiliary charging module with a simpler structure, which can accommodate more devices to be charged while further reducing the module cost. In this way, the charging efficiency of the entire charging system can be improved. At the same time, by connecting the optical storage device, new energy can be used to provide electric energy for the charging system, so as to realize the purpose of using clean energy and reduce carbon emissions.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of a charging method provided by the embodiment of the present application, the method includes:
  • the charging module receives a charging instruction input by a user.
  • the charging module can provide users with different charging modes to meet different charging needs.
  • the charging module is the charging module in the above-mentioned embodiment shown in FIG. 2 , which will not be described in detail here.
  • the charging instruction may include a normal charging instruction and a fast charging instruction.
  • the ordinary charging instruction requires the charging module to provide ordinary charging services for electric vehicles
  • the fast charging instruction requires the charging module to provide fast charging services for electric vehicles. Compared with ordinary charging service, fast charging service needs to provide higher DC charging voltage for electric vehicles.
  • the charging module determines a power supply mode of the charging module according to the charging instruction.
  • the DC transmission circuit of the charging module can transmit the high-voltage DC on the high-voltage transmission bus to the energy storage device to achieve the purpose of energy storage.
  • the control circuit of the charging module can control the direct current transmission circuit to turn off.
  • the photovoltaic power generation device or the energy storage device is disconnected from the high-voltage DC bus, and the AC grid can provide charging power for the electric vehicle. If the received charging command is a fast charging command, then the DC charging voltage needs to be increased.
  • the control circuit can control the electric energy transmission direction of the direct current transmission circuit, obtain direct current from the photovoltaic power generation device or the energy storage device, and the photovoltaic power generation device or the energy storage device is in a discharging state. And the obtained DC power is transmitted to the internal high-voltage DC bus to complete the coupling and superposition of DC power.
  • it is equivalent to the AC power grid, photovoltaic power generation device, and energy storage device jointly providing charging power for electric vehicles, which can quickly increase the DC-DC circuit.
  • the output voltage so as to achieve the purpose of fast charging.
  • the charging module charges the device to be charged according to the power supply mode.
  • the charging module can determine different charging methods according to the user's choice, and realize different DC charging voltage changes by changing the power transmission direction of the DC power transmission circuit in the charging module, thereby adapting to more charging needs.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic flowchart of another charging method provided by the embodiment of the present application, which is applied to the charging module shown in the above embodiment, and the charging method includes:
  • the control circuit of the charging module receives a charging command input by a user.
  • the control circuit of the charging module determines the power supply mode of the charging module according to the charging instruction.
  • the control circuit of the charging module controls the charging module to obtain electric energy according to the determined power supply mode, and controls the charging module to convert the electric energy into a second direct current corresponding to the module to be charged.
  • the control circuit of the charging module controls the charging module to transmit the second direct current to the module to be charged.
  • the charging instruction input by the user is a common charging instruction.
  • the control circuit determines that the power supply mode of the charging module is the mains power supply according to the common charging command.
  • the control circuit controls the AC-DC circuit to obtain the AC power provided by the AC grid.
  • the control circuit controls the AC-DC circuit to convert the alternating current into the first direct current, and inputs the first direct current into the first DC-DC circuit through the high-voltage direct current bus.
  • the control circuit controls the first DC-DC circuit to convert the first direct current into the second direct current, and controls the first DC-DC circuit to transmit the second direct current to the module to be charged.
  • the charging instruction input by the user is a fast charging instruction.
  • the control circuit determines the power supply mode of the charging module according to the fast charging instruction to superimpose power supply from the mains power and the photovoltaic power generation device or the energy storage device.
  • the control circuit controls the AC-DC circuit to obtain the AC power provided by the AC grid.
  • the control circuit controls the AC-DC circuit to convert the alternating current into the first direct current, and transmit the first direct current to the high-voltage direct current bus.
  • the control circuit controls the first direct current transmission circuit to obtain the direct current sent by the photovoltaic power generation device or the energy storage device, and transmit the direct current sent by the photovoltaic power generation device or the energy storage device to the high-voltage direct current bus.
  • the control circuit controls the superposition of the first direct current and the direct current sent by the photovoltaic power generation device or the energy storage device, and transmits the superimposed direct current to the first DC-DC circuit.
  • the control circuit controls the first DC-DC circuit to convert the superimposed direct current into second direct current, and control the first DC-DC circuit to transmit the second direct current to the module to be charged.

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Abstract

一种充电模块、充电系统及充电方法，应用于车辆领域，充电模块包括AC-DC电路(10)、第一DC-DC电路(20)和第一直流电传输电路(30)，AC-DC电路(10)的第一端与交流电网连接，第二端通过高压直流母线与第一DC-DC电路(20)的第一端相连，第一DC-DC电路(20)的第二端与待充电装置相连，第一直流电传输电路(30)的第二端用于连接外部直流装置，AC-DC电路(10)用于将交流电网提供的交流电转化为第一直流电，第一DC-DC电路(20)用于将高压直流母线上的高压直流电转化为第二直流电，并将第二直流电传输至待充电装置中，第一直流电传输电路(30)用于在高压直流母线和外部直流装置之间传输直流电；充电系统包括变压器、充电模块和开关装置；充电方法包括根据用户输入的充电指令确定充电模块的供电方式，充电模块根据供电方式为待充电装置充电。通过设计一体式的充电模块，来提高电能转化效率，同时叠加电池储能和光伏发电，从而提高电动车充电速度。

Description

一种充电模块及充电系统
本申请要求于2021年11月25日提交中国专利局、申请号为CN202111417488.4、申请名称为“一种充电模块及充电系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及车辆领域，尤其涉及一种充电模块及充电系统。
背景技术
充电站是电动汽车补充电能的重要基础设施，充电站的充电系统通常集交流输入配电、直流配电、冷却、安全保护、检测计量等功能。其中，电动汽车通过充电系统连接至交流电网，以实现电能的补充。而充电系统中的充电模块可以将交流电网提供的三相交流电转换为一定范围的直流电压输出，然后直流电压通过系统的充电枪连接到电动汽车电池上，以实现充电补能。
现有的，充电系统先将三相交流电输入至整流模块中，由整流模块将三相交流电转换为高压直流电输送到高压直流母线上。然后高压直流母线上连接多个功率转化模块，由功率转化模块将高压直流电转换为符合电动汽车充电需求的直流电，电动汽车与功率转换模块相连接，完成充电过程。
在上述充电系统中，整流模块与各功率转换模块均是独立模块，因此整流模块的输出和功率转换模块的输入之间存在有其他的用于连接的元器件，这种分体式的充电系统将严重影响电能转化效率，并且两个模块之间的元器件也将导致系统成本上升，并且将加剧充电系统的发热问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种充电模块及充电系统，通过设计一种一体式的充电模块，来提高电能转化效率。同时还能够在电动车充电时，叠加电池储能和光伏发电，从而提高电动车充电速度。
本申请实施例第一方面提供了一种充电模块，包括：
该充电模块是一种三端口一体式的充电模块，充电模块内部包括AC-DC电路、第一DC-DC电路以及第一直流电传输电路。其中，充电模块的一个端口为AC-DC电路的一端，用来连接交流电网。而AC-DC电路的另一端则通过高压直流母线与第一DC-DC电路的一端相连。第一DC-DC电路的另一端是充电模块的输出端，用来连接待充电装置。而第一直流电传输电路则一端连接高压直流母线，另一端为充电模块的第三个端口，用来连接外部直流装置，例如光伏发电装置或者储能装置等直流装置。
充电模块在充电时，AC-DC电路将交流电网提高的交流电转化成第一直流电传输到高压直流母线上。如果此时是慢充模式，高压直流母线就将第一直流电传输给第一DC-DC电路，由第一DC-DC电路将第一直流电转化为待充电装置对应的第二直流电，再将第二直流电提供给待充电装置。而如果是慢充模式，第一直流电传输电路就需要将光伏发电装置或 者储能装置发送的直流电也传输到高压直流母线上，此时高压直流母线上为AC-DC电路输出的第一直流电与光伏发电装置或者储能装置发送的直流电的叠加，第一DC-DC电路的输入将增大，从而增大第二直流电，实现给待充电装置快速充电的目的。同时，在不给待充电装置充电的空隙，高压直流母线还可以将第一直流电传输给第一直流电传输电路，通过第一直流电传输电路给储能装置充电，以起到存储电能的目的。
上述一体式的充电模块，相比于分体式的充电模块，可以减少AC-DC电路和第一DC-DC电路之间的连接元器件，在降低模块成本的同时，还消除了因连接元器件所产生的功耗，大大提高了电能的转换效率，同时降低了充电模块的发热。而且三端口式的充电模块为外部直流装置提供了连接端口，可以实现外部直流装置发电与交流电网发电的叠加，在提高充电速度的同时还可以缓解快充模式对交流电网的冲击。同时还可以充分利用新能源，降低碳排放量。
在一个可选的实施方式中，第一直流电传输电路所连接的外部直流装置可以是光伏发电装置。在正常充电场景下，第一直流电传输电路可以关闭，只需交流电网为第一DC-DC电路提供充电电能即可。而在快充场景下，直流电传输电路需要开启，获取光伏发电装置提供的直流电，并将或光伏发电装置提供的直流电传输至高压直流母线上，实现电能的叠加，以提高给待充电装置充电的第二直流电，从而达到为待充电装置快速充电的目的。
在一个可选的实施方式下，第一直流电传输电路所连接的外部直流装置可以是储能装置。当第一直流电传输电路连接储能装置时，第一直流电传输电路的工作方向是双向的。充电模块在不为待充电装置充电时，第一直流电传输电路可以获取高压直流母线上的第一直流电，利用第一直流电为储能装置充电，达到蓄能的目的。而在快充场景下，直流电传输电路的传输方向需要改变，获取储能装置提供的直流电并将其传输至高压直流母线上，实现电能的叠加，以提高给待充电装置充电的第二直流电，从而达到为待充电装置快速充电的目的。
在一个可选的实施方式中，第一直流电传输电路连接的外部直流装置可以是辅助充电模块。其中，辅助充电模块相较于充电模块而言，缺少了AC-DC电路。是一个两端口的模块，包括第二DC-DC电路和第二直流电传输电路。其中，第二DC-DC电路的第一端与第二直流电传输电路的第一端相连接，第二DC-DC电路的第二端与待充电装置相连，为待充电装置提供充电端口。充电模块与辅助充电模块是通过第一直流电传输电路和第二直流电传输电路向连接的。当充电模块和待充电模块相连时，第一直流电传输电路需要将高压直流母线上的第一直流电传输至第二直流电传输电路中，然后第二直流电传输电路再将第一直流电传输至第二DC-DC电路中，由第二DC-DC电路将第一直流电转化为第二直流电，并通过第二DC-DC电路的第二端将第二直流电传输给待充电装置，完成充电过程。
在上述实施方式中，辅助充电模块中的第二DC-DC电路可以与充电模块中的第一DC-DC电路共用充电模块的AC-DC电路。所以在充电模块上连接辅助充电模块可以提高充电端口的数量，满足多个待充电装置同时充电的目的。同时，在增加充电端口的同时可以减少AC-DC电路的数量，减少了模块成本开支。
在一个可选的实施方式中，辅助充电模块中第二直流电传输电路也可以和光伏发电装 置或者储能装置相连接。第二直流电传输电路还可以将光伏发电装置或者储能装置提供的直流电传输至所述第二DC-DC电路中，完成直流电转化，最后为待充电装置充电。
在一个可选的实施方式中，第一直流电传输电路可以根据高压直流母线上的第一直流电的值来确定其工作状态。如果高压直流母线上的第一直流电的值大于预设阈值，说明交流电网提供的电能充足，此时，第一直流电传输电路要么为待充电装置充电，将第一直流电传输到第一DC-DC电路中，由第一DC-DC电路将第一直流电转化为第二直流电，并将第二直流电传输给待充电装置。要么，第一直流电传输电路将第一直流电传输给储能装置，为储能装置充电，完成电力存储。要么，第一直流电传输电路将第一直流电传输到辅助充电模块中，由辅助充电模块的第二DC-DC电路将第一直流电转化为第二直流电，再通过辅助充电模块的端口将第二直流电传输给待充电装置。
在一个可选的实施方式中，当高压直流母线上的第一直流电的值小于预设阈值时，说明交流电网提供的电能不足以支撑待充电装置的充电需求，此时直流电传输电路就需要将光伏发电装置或储能装置提供的直流电传输至高压直流母线上，以实现电能的叠加。然后叠加后的直流电传输至第一DC-DC电路中，以提高第一DC-DC电路输出的第二直流电。
在一个可选的实施方式中，该第一直流电传输电路可以由共模电感、控制开关以及熔断器组成。其中，共模电感、控制开关和熔断器串联连接。共模电感用于抑制共模干扰，控制开关用于控制第一直流电传输电路的导通或者关闭，熔断器则用于保护直流电传输电路，当通过直流电传输电路的电流过大时，熔断器将被烧断，从而断开直流电传输电路。
在一个可选的实施方式中，该直流电传输模块还包括电流检测电路。电流检测电路用于检测直流电传输电路中的电流，监控电流以达到保护直流电传输电路的目的。
在一个可选的实施方式中，充电模块还包括控制电路。控制电路则可以根据不同的待充电装置的不同充电需求，确定其对应的第二直流电。然后根据第二直流电调整AC-DC电路的输出的第一直流电的值，以提高电能的利用率。
在一个可选的实施方式中，充电模块中的AC-DC电路和第一DC-DC电路都是双向的。即充电模块不仅能为待充电装置充电，还可以为交流电网供电。在电网错峰或光伏发电应用场景下，控制电路控制AC-DC电路和第一DC-DC电路的工作方向，第一DC-DC电路根据交流电网发送的供电指令将待充电装置提供的直流电传递到高压直流母线上。AC-DC电路根据供电指令对高压直流母线上的高压直流电进行逆变，将高压直流母线上的高压直流电转化为交流电后传输给交流电网。
本申请实施例第二方面提供了一种充电系统，该充电系统包括：
变压器、多个如上述第一方面中任一实施方式所示的充电模块以及开关装置。
多个充电模块的输入端均通过变压器与交流电网相连。多个充电模块的输出端连接开关装置的输入端，且多个充电模块通过开关装置并联连接。
变压器用于将交流电网提供的高压交流电转化为低压交流电，并将低压交流电传输至多个充电模块的输入端。
开关装置的输出端连接待充电装置。开关装置，用于选择多个充电模块中的至少一个充电模块为待充电装置充电。
在一种可选的实施方式中，该充电系统还包括光伏发电装置或者储能装置。
其中，多个充电模块包括的第一直流电传输电路的第二端均与系统直流总线相连，且光伏发电装置或储能装置与系统直流总线相连。多个充电模块和光伏发电装置或储能装置通过系统直流总线并联连接。
光伏发电装置或储能装置用于为多个充电模块包括的第一DC-DC电路提供直流电。
在一种可选的实施方式中，充电模块，还用于根据交流电网发送的供电指令，将待充电装置、光伏发电装置和/或储能装置提供的直流电转化为交流电，并将交流电传输交流电网中。
本申请实施例第三方面提供了另一种充电系统，该充电系统包括：
变压器、至少一个如上述第一方面中任一实施方式所示的充电模块、辅助充电模块和开关装置。
充电模块的输入端均通过变压器与交流电网相连。充电模块和辅助充电模块的输出端均与开关装置的输入端相连，并通过开关装置并联连接。
变压器用于将交流电网提供的高压交流电转化为低压交流电，并将低压交流电传输至至少一个充电模块的输入端。开关装置的输出端连接待充电装置。开关装置，用于选择至少一个充电模块或至少一个辅助充电模块为充电装置充电。
在一个可选的实施方式中，充电模块包括的第一直流电传输电路的第二端与辅助充电模块包括的第二直流电传输电路的第二端通过系统直流总线并联连接。
在一个可选的实施方式中，充电系统还包括光伏发电装置或储能装置。
光伏发电装置或储能装置与系统直流总线相连接。
光伏发电装置用于为充电模块包括的第一DC-DC电路和辅助充电模块包括的第二DC-DC电路提供第三直流电。储能装置用于为充电模块包括的第一DC-DC电路和辅助充电模块包括的第二DC-DC电路提供第四直流电。
在一个可选的实施方式中，充电模块，还用于根据交流电网发送的供电指令，将待充电装置、光伏发电装置和/或储能装置提供的直流电转化为交流电，并将交流电传输至交流电网中。
本申请实施例第四方面提供了一种充电方法，该充电方法包括：
充电模块可以为用户提供多种充电方式，例如普通充电模式或者快充模式。在为待充电装置进行充电时，充电模块可以先接收用户输入的充电指令，然后充电模块可以根据该充电指令来确定充电模块的供电方式，确定该供电方式后，再按照该供电方式为待充电模块进行充电。该种充电方法下，充电模块可以为用户提供更多充电选择，满足不同的充电需求，提高了充电模块的智能化水平。
在一种可选的实施方式中，如果充电模块接收到的充电指令为普通充电指令时，充电模块就可以根据该普通充电指令确定其自身的供电方式为市电供电。此时，充电模块就需要获取交流电网提供的交流电，将交流电转化为直流电，并将该直流电传输给待充电装置，最终达到为待充电装置充电的目的。
在一种可选的实施方式中，如果充电模块接收到的充电指令为快充指令时，充电模块 就可以根据该快充指令确定其自身的供电方式为市电与光伏发电装置或储能装置叠加供电。此时，充电模块不仅需要获取交流电网提供的交流电，还需要获取光伏发电装置或储能装置提供的直流电。充电模块先将交流电网提供的交流电转换为直流电，然后将该直流电与光伏发电装置或储能装置提供的直流电叠加，最后将叠加的直流电转化为充电的直流电并传输给待充电装置。
本申请实施例第四方面提供了另一种充电方法，应用于如上述第一方面任一实施例所示的充电模块中，该充电方法包括：
控制电路接收用户输入的充电指令。
控制电路根据充电指令确定充电模块的供电方式。
控制电路根据确定的供电方式控制充电模块获取电能，并控制充电模块将电能转换为待充电模块对应的第二直流电。
控制电路控制充电模块将第二直流电传输给待充电模块。
在一个可选的实施方式中，用户输入的充电指令为普通充电指令。
控制电路根据普通充电指令确定充电模块的供电方式为市电供电。
控制电路控制AC-DC电路获取交流电网提供的交流电。
控制电路控制AC-DC电路将交流电转化为第一直流电，并通过高压直流母线将第一直流电输入第一DC-DC电路。
控制电路控制第一DC-DC电路将第一直流电转化为第二直流电，并控制第一DC-DC电路将第二直流电传输给待充电模块。
在一个可选的实施方式中，用户输入的充电指令为快充指令。
控制电路根据快充指令确定充电模块的供电方式为市电与光伏发电装置或储能装置叠加供电。
控制电路控制AC-DC电路获取交流电网提供的交流电。
控制电路控制AC-DC电路将交流电转化为第一直流电，并将第一直流电传输至高压直流母线上。
控制电路控制第一直流电传输电路获取光伏发电装置或储能装置发送的直流电，并将光伏发电装置或储能装置发送的直流电传输至高压直流母线上。
控制电路控制第一直流电和光伏发电装置或储能装置发送的直流电的叠加，并将叠加后的直流电传输给第一DC-DC电路。
控制电路控制第一DC-DC电路将叠加后的直流电转化为第二直流电，并控制第一DC-DC电路将第二直流电传输给待充电模块。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例示出的一种充电系统的系统架构图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种充电模块的结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种辅助充电模块的结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种充电系统的系统架构图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的另一种充电系统的系统架构图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的另一种充电系统的系统架构图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种充电方法的流程示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供了另一种充电方法的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例提供了一种充电模块及充电系统，通过设计一种一体式的充电模块，来提高电能转化效率。同时还能够在电动车充电时，叠加电池储能和光伏发电，从而提高电动车充电速度。
本发明实施例中所使用的技术术语仅用于说明特定实施例而并不旨在限定本发明。在本文中，单数形式“一”、“该”及“所述”用于同时包括复数形式，除非上下文中明确另行说明。进一步地，在说明书中所使用的用于“包括”和/或“包含”是指存在所述特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件和/或构件，但是并不排除存在或增加一个或多个其它特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件和/或构件。
充电站是电动汽车补充电能的重要基础设施，其提供的充电系统通常集成交流输入配电、充电、直流配电、冷却、安全保护、检测计量等功能。一般的，电动汽车通过充电系统连接至交流电网实现电能补充。其中，充电系统会将交流电网提供的三相交流电转换为一定范围的直流电压并输出，直流电压则会通过充电枪连接到电动汽车的电池，以实现充电补能。
其中，硬件设备成本以及电能转化效率已经成为建立充电站的重要指标。从充电站的运营视角看，希望充电站充电设施初始投资成本低，运营效率高，这样才能获取更高的投资回报。同时，随着新能源电动汽车的快速发展，为获取更好的充电体验，电动车要求的充电功率将会越来越大。电动车的大功率充电需求将会面临着电力获取困难、对电网的负荷冲击大等一系列问题。因此，充电站的发展趋势是在利用交流电网提供的交流电作为充电能源之外，还能很好的消纳新能源发电。例如，通过叠加电池储能的缓冲来解决充电系统对电网的冲击，通过叠加光伏发电等做电能补充。在传统电网供电的基础上叠加新能源发电不仅提高充电电压，还可以降低碳排放，稳定电力网，大大提高充电站的充电性能。
在介绍本申请实施例之前，先对AC-DC电路和DC-DC电路进行简单介绍。其中，交流电(alternating current，AC)可以通过各种整流电路转换成直流电(direct current，DC)。大多数整流电路是由变压器、整流主电路和滤波器等组成。而整流主电路则主要由整流二极管组成，包括半波整流电路、全波整流电路和桥式整流电路等。而DC-DC电路则为直流转直流电路，一般为转变输入电压并有效输出固定电压的电压变化器。包括升压型、降压型以及升降压型。通常，DC-DC电路由电感线圈、二极管、三极管和电容器等组成，在电路类别上输出斩波电路。
现有的充电系统，为了降低功率变换器的级数，提高电能转效率，将传统的交流母线架构转化成了高压直流母线架构。图1为本申请实施例示出的一种充电系统的系统架构图。如图1所示，该充电系统包括两级功率变换。第一级为与电网不隔离的交流转直流(AC-DC)的整流模块，第二级为与电网电气隔离的直流转直流(DC-DC)的充电模块。其中，AC-DC模块与交流电网连接，将三相交流电输入转化为直流电并完成功率因数矫正，然后向内部 高压直流母线输出一个相对稳定的直流电压。而后级DC-DC模块与电网电气隔离，与内部高压直流母线相连。其输入为高压直流母线上AC-DC模块的输出，其输出则为200至1000V直流充电。然后DC-DC模块的另一端通过充电枪与待充电的电动汽车相连，对电动车进行充电。
在上述系统中，与内部高压直流母线相连的还有光伏发电装置或者储能装置，示例性的，如储能电池和光伏板等直流设备。光伏发电装置或者储能装置通过单级的DC-DC模块连接到内部高压直流母线上，实现低成本、高效率、易管理调度的光储直流母线耦合架构。当交流电网供电不足时，光伏板或储能电池发电，通过DC-DC模板实现直流电的功率因数校正，向内部高压直流母线输出稳定的直流电，该直流电会与AC-DC模块输出的高压直流电叠加后输入到用于充电的DC-DC模块中，从而提高电动车的充电电压，实现对交流电网供电的补充。而当交流电网供电充足时，内部高压直流母线上的高压直流电也可以经过DC-DC模块的功率变换，为储能电池充电，实现电能的存储，待提高内部高压直流母线上的直流电压时，储能电池再放电实现电能补充。
现有的充电系统能够为电动车提供稳定的直流充电电压，同时还可以叠加新能源设备以补充电能。但是在该分体式架构中，实现交流转直流的AC-DC模块和各DC-DC模块都是独立的，AC-DC模块的输出和DC-DC模块的输入之间需要增加电磁兼容性EMC共模电感滤波、控制开关、保险丝、电连接端子等连接器件，以保证各模块的独立性和兼容性。但这会导致整个充电系统中的端口元件数据过多，造成充电系统的成本过大。同时这些端口器件将存在在充电系统的主回路上，导致电能转换效率下降，并且元器件会产生大量热量，造成模块散热成本也较一体式模块大幅上升。
基于上述问题，本申请实施例提供了一种新的一体式的充电模块以及基于该充电模块构建的充电系统。一体式的充电模块可以大幅减少系统中端口元件的数量，在减少成本的同时还能提高电能转化效率。同时该一体式充电模块还提供了光储设备的连接端口，以实现在直流母线上叠加电池储能或光伏发电的目的。
下面先对一体式充电模块进行介绍。图2为本申请实施例提供的一种充电模块的结构示意图。如图2所示，该充电模块为一个一体式三端口的充电模块。包括AC-DC电路10、DC-DC电路20以及直流电传输电路30。
其中，AC-DC电路10对应交流输入端口101，第一DC-DC电路20对应充电输出端口102，第一直流电传输电路30对应高压直流输入输出端口103。AC-DC电路10的一端通过交流输入端口101与交流电网相连，另一端则连接高压直流母线。其中高压直流母线包括母线正级201、母线地端202以及母线负极203。AC-DC电路10的另一端通过高压直流母线与第一DC-DC电路20的一端相连，第一DC-DC电路20的另一端则通过充电输出端口102与待充电装置相连。同时，第一直流电传输电路30的一端与高压直流母线直接相连，另一端则通过高压直流输入输出端口103连接其他的外部直流装置。例如，可以连接光伏发电装置，即高压直流输入输出端口103可以为新能源发电设备提供连接端口。
示例性的，AC-DC电路10可以将交流电网提供的三相交流电变化为第一直流电，并且还可以对第一直流电进行功率因数(PFC)校正，这样AC-DC电路10可以向高压直流 母线输出连续稳定的第一直流电。第一直流电经高压直流母线输入至第一DC-DC电路20中，第一DC-DC电路20将第一直流电转换为150V至1000V范围的第二直流电(直流充电电压)，以适应电动车的充电功率。最后，直流充电电压经过充电输出端口102输出至待充电装置(电动车)完成充电过程。
而第一直流电传输电路30则为外部的直流装置提供了与充电模块内部高压直流母线相连的端口，可以在外部直流装置与高压直流母线之间传输高压电。例如光伏发电装置或储能装置就可以通过第一直流电传输电路30与高压直流母线相连。示例性的，可以先设定一个预设阈值。当高压直流母线上的第一直流电的值大于预设阈值时，说明交流电网供电充足，此时，该充电模块不仅可以通过第一DC-DC电路20为待充电装置充电，还可以通过第一直流电传输电路30给储能电池充电，以实现电能的存储备用。而高压直流母线上的第一直流电的值小于该预设阈值时，则说明交流电网供电不足。为了给待充电装置提供更大的充电电压，此时，光伏发电装置或者储能装置就需要处于发电状态，通过第一直流电传输电路30向高压直流母线提供直流电，以实现光伏发电装置或者储能装置放电电压与AC-DC模块输出电压的叠加，使得光伏发电装置或者储能装置和交流电网共同为待充电装置充电，以保证待充电装置的充电性能。
在一个具体的应用场景中，充电模块可以为用户提供两种充电模式，一种是普通充电模式，一种是快充模式。用户可以根据充电需求来选择不同的充电模式。当用户选择普通充电模式时，用户向充电模块发送普通充电指令。充电模块接收到普通充电指令时，就可以关闭第一直流电传输电路30，利用交流电网提供的电能为电动车充电。此时，交流电网为AC-DC电路10提供交流电，AC-DC电路10将交流电转化为第一直流电，并通过高压直流母线传输至第一DC-DC电路20，第一DC-DC电路20再将输入的第一直流电转化为第二直流电，利用第二直流电为电动车充电。当用户选择快充模式时，用户向充电模块发送快充指令。充电模块接收到快充指令时，就可以开启第一直流电传输电路30。此时，光伏发电装置或者储能装置处于发电状态，光伏发电装置可通过第一直流电传输电路30向高压直流母线提供第三直流电，或者储能装置可通过第一直流电传输电路30向高压直流母线提供第四直流电，光伏发电装置或者储能装置的放电与AC-DC模块输出电压在高压直流母线上相叠加，然后叠加后的直流电再传输至第一DC-DC电路20中，以提高第一DC-DC电路20输出的第二直流电。这样光伏发电装置或者储能装置和交流电网共同为待充电装置充电，提高了电能的充电速度。
其中，第一直流电传输电路30对应的高压直流输入输出端口103还可以连接其他的直流装置。例如，第一直流电传输电路30还可以连接辅助充电模块。图3为本申请实施例提供的一种辅助充电模块的结构示意图。如图3所示，辅助充电模块相较于图2所示的充电模块，没有了前级的AC-DC电路，只保留了后级的第二DC-DC电路301以及第二直流电传输电路50。第二DC-DC电路301与第一DC-DC电路20的功能类似，第二直流电传输电路50和第一直流电传输电路30的结构和功能类似，在此不做赘述。辅助充电模块没有将交流电转化为直流电的能力，因此无法与交流电网连接。但是辅助充电模块的高压直流输入输出端口302可以与充电模块的高压直流输入输出端口103相连，使得第二DC-DC电 路301与第一DC-DC电路20共用充电模块中的AC-DC电路10。即充电模块中高压直流母线上的第一直流电也可以通过第一直流电传输电路30传输至第二直流电传输电路50，再通过第二直流电传输电路50传输至第二DC-DC电路301，再由第二DC-DC电路301将第一直流电转化为第二直流电，通过辅助充电模块的端口303给待充电装置充电。
当充电模块通过第一直流电传输电路30连接辅助传输模块时，可以在共用AC-DC电路10的情况下尽可以多的提供可以充电的端口，这样，在充电系统中，可以同时为更多的待充电装置充电，减少模块成本的同时增加充电系统的容纳量，提供了充电系统的性能。
其中，第一直流电传输电路30可以包括EMC共感电感104、控制开关105以及熔断器106等。其中，EMC共感电感104用来抑制共模干扰，实现滤波作用。而控制开关105用来控制外部直流装置的接入与断开。可以理解的，控制开关105闭合时，第一直流电传输电路30开通，外部直流装置(例如光伏发电装置)可以通过高压直流输入输出端口103接入到充电模块中。而控制开关105断开时，直流电传输电路30关闭，外部直流装置无法接入到充电模块中。在实际应用中，可以根据具体需求具体充电场景来确定控制开关的状态。示例性的，在控制开关105闭合时，该充电模块可以实现多个模块的并联连接，使得每个充电模块均与充电系统中的系统直流总线相连，以实现多个模块与光伏发电装置或者储能装置的叠加耦合。而熔断器106则其保护作用，当直流电传输电路30中的电压过大时，熔断器106将熔断，断开光储装置与高压直流母线的连接，起到保护电路元器件的作用。
其中，第一直流电传输电路30还可以包括电流检测单元107，该电流检测单元107用来监测第一直流电传输电路30中的电流。一旦第一直流电传输电路30中的电流过大时，就可以根据测量的电流值执行相关保护措施，例如断开控制开关105等，以起到电路保护作用。
该充电系统还包括有控制电路40，控制电路40用于控制充电模块的工作状态，它可以根据待充电装置的直流充电需求(第二直流电大小)来调整高压直流母线上的高压直流电的大小。使得DC-DC电路20处于输出效率最佳的工作点上，以提高充电装置的电能转化效率。同时，由于控制电路40的控制，充电模块输出的第二直流电可以不断变化，以满足更多型号的待充电装置充电需求。
示例性的，该充电模块中的AC-DC电路10和第一DC-DC电路20都可以是双向的。即第一DC-DC电路20不仅可以将高压直流母线上的高压直流电传输给待充电装置，还可以将待充电装置中存储的电能通过充电输出端口102传输到高压直流母线上。而AC-DC电路10不仅有整流作用，还有逆变作用。即AC-DC电路10可以对交流电网提供的三相交流电进行整流，输出高压直流电。还可以对高压直流母线上的直流电进行逆变，将其转换为交流电返还给交流电网。
在正常的充电场景下，交流电网为AC-DC电路10提供交流电，AC-DC电路10向高压直流母线输出第一直流电，同时，光伏发电装置或者储能装置还可以通过直流电传输电路30向高压直流母线输出直流电，不同的直流电在高压直流母线上耦合叠加，并通过高压直流母线传输给第一DC-DC电路20。此时，第一DC-DC电路20对耦合叠加后的直流电进行转换，将其转换为待充电装置所需的第二直流电，并通过充电输出端口102传输至待 充电装置中，实现充电过程。
而在电网错峰或光伏发电应用场景下，控制电路40可以根据交流电网发送的供电指令，改变AC-DC电路10和第一DC-DC电路20的工作方向。此时，外部待充电装置通过充电输出端口102发电，为高压直流母线提供直流电。光伏发电装置或者储能装置也处于发电状态，通过直流电传输电路30向高压直流母线输出直流电。外部待充电装置与光储装置提供的直流电在高压直流母线上耦合叠加，并输入至AC-DC电路10中。此时，AC-DC电路10对直流电进行逆变，将其转换为交流电并通过交流输入端口101馈送到交流电网中，实现车辆到电网(vehicle-to-grid，V2G)功能。在该实施方式中，储能电池、光伏板及电动车等直流设备可以通过充电模块与交流电网互动，有利于充电基础实施的发展以及充电技术的演进。
本申请实施例提供的一体式充电模块，提供了三个端口来实现交流电网、待充电装置以及外部其他直流装置的连接。其中包括的AC-DC电路与DC-DC电路直接通过高压直流母线相连，大大减少了分体式架构下所需的端口元件的数量，在降低模块成本的情况下减少了端口元件的损耗，减少元器件发热且大大提高电能转化效率。同时光伏发电装置或者储能装置可以通过高压直流输入输出端口103直接与高压直流母线进行直流电传输，可以在交流电网供电不足的情况下为DC-DC电路提供补充的直流电，实现电池储能和光伏发电的叠加，从而增大充电电压，提高充电模块的充电速度。
基于上述充电模块，本申请实施例还提供了由上述充电模块构建的几种充电系统，下面一一进行介绍。
系统一：
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种充电系统的系统架构图。如图4所示，该充电系统包括变压器401、多个并联的充电模块402以及开关装置403。其中，交流电网通过变压器401与每个充电模块402的交流输入端口101相连。而开关装置403则可以为功率分配矩阵开关，每一个充电模块的充电输出端口102与功率分配矩阵开关的一端相连接，通过功率分配矩阵开关实现多个充电模块之间的并联连接。
其中，变压器401用于将交流电网提供的高压交流电转化为低压交流电，并为每一个充电模块402提供该低压交流电。示例性的，变压器可以将交流电网提供的10kV三相交流降压为0.4kV(380V)的低压三相交流，输入至每一个一体式三端口的充电模块402中。一般的，交流电网为了实现电能的远距离传输，直接提供的交流电的电压将非常巨大，而变压器对其进行降压则为了满足充电模块的工作电压需求，保护充电系统的安全。
而充电模块402的结构与功能与图2所示实施例中的充电模块一致，具体的可以参照上述实施例的内容，在此不做详细的介绍。具体的，经过变压器401降压的低压交流电通过充电模块的交流输入端口101输入至充电模块内部的AC-DC电路10中，AC-DC电路10将三相交流电压转换为高压直流电压，并实现交流输入的功率因数矫正，将稳定的高压直流电压传输到内部的高压直流母线上，经过高压直流母线传输至第一DC-DC电路20中，经第一DC-DC电路20转换为待充电装置所需的直流充电电压，通常在150V至1000V范围。
而多个充电模块402的输出端口(充电输出端口102)连接功率分配矩阵开关，以达到每个模块的充电输出端口102均可以通过功率分配矩阵开关并联连接到任意待充电终端上。这样可以通过控制该功率分配矩阵开关中的多个开关的闭合状态，选择一个或者多个充电模块为待充电装置充电。当选择多个充电模块402时，多个充电模块402同时为待充电装置供电，从而实现大功率直流快充，提高待充电装置的充电速度。如图4所示，该充电系统中的功率分配矩阵开关包括四行四列的开关，当第一行第一列的开关和第一行第二列的开关闭合，其他开关均断开时，第一个充电模块和第二个充电模块则同时给第一个充电枪连接的待充电装置充电，提高该待充电装置的充电速度。
可以理解的，该充电系统还可以包括储能系统以及光伏发电系统，为充电系统提供补充电能。其中，储能系统包括储能电池404和双向的直流变换器405(DC-DC变换器)，而光伏发电系统则包括可以发电的光伏板406和MPPT DC-DC变换器407。其中，每一个充电模块402的高压直流输入输出端口103均与系统直流总线408相连，实现每个充电模块内部的高压直流母线的并联，然后储能电池404通过直流变换器405连接到系统直流总线上，光伏板406也通过MPPT DC-DC变换器407连接到系统直流总线上，实现多个充电模块402、储能电池404、光伏板406的并联连接。
其中，当交流电网提供的电压足够时，即充电模块402内部的高压直流母线上的电压高于预设阈值时，充电模块就可以将高压直流母线上的第一直流电传输到系统直流总线408上，通过系统直流总线408传输到直流变换器405中，直流变换器405可以将第一直流电转化为储能电池所需的充电电压，然后利用该充电电压给储能电池充电，实现电能的保存。
而当交流电网供电不足时，储能电池404和光伏板406都作为直流发电装置为每个充电模块402供电，此时，储能电池404发送的第四直流电需要经过直流变换器405进行功率因数校正，光伏板406发电也要经过MPPT DC-DC变换器407进行功率因数校正，以便向系统直流总线408提供稳定的直流电压，然后通过系统直流总线408传输发送每个充电模块402内部的高压直流母线上，为每个充电模块402包括的第一DC-DC电路20提供直流电。
示例性的，在变压器供电容量不满足充电系统的功率需求时，可以叠加储能来满足供电需求。例如，系统最大充电功率需求是480kW，但变压器剩余的电力容量最大只有320kW，欠缺的160kW可以通过叠加储能电池404或者光伏板406来满足。在该场景下，假设单个充电模块402的功率为60kW，而内部AC-DC电路和DC-DC电路的功率相等，均为60kW，这样则需要配置8个充电模块402。而在叠加储能电池404和光伏板406后，可设置每个充电模块402中的AC-DC电路10的最大输出功率不超过40kW，这样可以避免造成前级变压器过载。而不足的电能则可以由储能电池404和光伏板406通过系统直流总线传输给第一DC-DC电路20。在这种设计下，AC-DC电路10的输出功率设计的比后级第一DC-DC电路20的输出功率小，这样也可以节省AC-DC电路10的成本。
特别的，该充电系统中的充电模块402所包括的AC-DC电路10和第一DC-DC电路20也可以支持功率双向变换。即在正常的充电场景下，AC-DC电路10将交流电网提供的交流电整流成第一直流，作为后级第一DC-DC电路20输入，第一DC-DC电路20为待充 电装置进行电能补充。而在电网错峰或光伏发电应用场景，每一个充电模块402中的AC-DC电路10和第一DC-DC电路20均可以根据所述交流电网发送的供电指令，改变工作方向。储能电池404和光伏板406可以通过系统直流总线408将能量输送到每个充电模块402的高压直流母线上，高压直流母线再将能量传输给AC-DC电路10，通过AC-DC电路10对其进行逆变，将能量转换成交流电能输送到电网。同理，待充电装置(电动汽车)也可以通过充电模块的第一DC-DC电路20将其电池包储存的能量经高压直流母线和AC-DC电路10逆变馈送到交流电网，实现V2G功能。
系统二：
基于上述充电系统的描述，为了进一步降低充电系统的构建成本，在有限数量的充电模块下尽可能多的提供充电位置(充电桩)，满足更多数量的待充电装置同时充电的需求，充电系统中还可以引入辅助充电模块。
辅助充电模块相较于充电模块而言，是将前级AC-DC电路的结构删除，保留后级DC-DC电路以及直流电传输电路，构成的一个单级的低成本辅助充电模块。即辅助充电模块为两端口的结构，包括充电输出端口和高压直流输入输出端口。在该辅助充电模块中，DC-DC模块的特性和参数与充电模块中的后级DC-DC模块完全相同，在此不做赘述。
图5为本申请实施例提供的另一种充电系统的系统架构图。如图5所示，该充电系统中包括变压器401、至少一个充电模块402、至少一个辅助充电模块501以及开关装置403。其中，变压器401、充电模块402以及开关装置403与图4所示实施例中的各装置类似，在此不做赘述。
其中，变压器401仍然连接交流电网和充电模块402的输入端。为每一个充电模块402提供低压交流电。而充电模块402会将低压交流电通过充电模块402的交流输入端口101输入至充电模块内部的AC-DC电路10中，AC-DC电路10将三相交流电压转换为第一直流电，并实现交流输入的功率因数矫正，将稳定的第一直流电传输到内部的高压直流母线上，经过高压直流母线传输至后级的第一DC-DC电路20中，经第一DC-DC电路20转换为待充电装置所需的第二直流电，通常在150V至1000V范围。
而多个充电模块402的输出端口(充电输出端口102)和辅助充电模块的输出端口(充电输出端口303)连接功率分配矩阵开关(开关装置403)，以达到充电模块402与辅助充电模块501的并联连接。这样可以通过控制该功率分配矩阵开关中的多个开关的闭合状态，选择充电模块402和/或辅助充电模块501为待充电装置充电。
在不叠加光伏发电装置或者储能装置的情况下，每个充电模块402的高压直流输入输出端口103以及辅助充电模块的高压直流输入输出端口302都与系统直流总线504相连，实现充电模块402和辅助充电模块501的并联连接。这样每一个辅助充电模块501都可以通过系统直流总线502共享充电模块402的前级AC-DC电路10。由于每个充电终端同时大功率充电的概率较小，通过这种配置方式，可充分利用充电模块402。辅助充电模块501可以为充电系统配置更多的充电位置，可以容纳更多的充电终端。因此辅助充电模块501的引入可以在降低模块成本的情况下提高充电系统的利用率。例如变压器401所提供容量为240kW，而每个充电模块402的功率均为60kW，这样，充电系统就可以设置4个三端 口的充电模块402。然后通过系统直流总线502进行功率共享，可以再增加4个辅助充电模块501。这样，系统同时可为8个终端充电。同时充电时，能为每个终端提供30kW的平均功率，而且可以为每个终端提供240kW的最大充电功率。充电系统可以为各种充电功率需求的车提供差异化服务，提升了充电系统的利用效率。
可以理解的，上述充电系统还可以包括储能系统以及光伏发电系统，为整个充电系统提供补充电能。其中，包括有储能系统以及光伏发电系统的充电系统的系统架构图如图6所示。如图6所示，储能系统包括储能电池404和双向的直流变换器405(DC-DC变换器)，而光伏发电系统则包括可以发电的光伏板406和MPPT DC-DC变换器407。其中，每一个充电模块402的高压直流输入输出端口103以及辅助充电模块501的高压直流输入输出端口303均与系统直流总线502相连，实现充电模块402与辅助充电模块501的并联。然后储能电池404通过直流变换器405连接到系统直流总线502上，光伏板406也通过MPPT DC-DC变换器407连接到系统直流总线502上，实现多个充电模块402、辅助充电模块501、储能电池404、光伏板406的并联连接。
同理，当交流电网提供的电压足够时，即充电模块402内部的高压直流母线上的电压高于预设阈值时，充电模块402就可以将高压直流母线上的高压直流电传输到系统直流总线502上，通过系统直流总线502传输到直流变换器405中，由直流变换器405可以将其转化为储能电池401所需的充电电压，然后利用该充电电压给储能电池404充电，实现电能的保存。
而当交流电网供电不足时，储能电池404和光伏板406都作为直流发电装置为每个充电模块402以及辅助充电模块501供电。此时，储能电池404发送的第四直流电需要经过直流变换器405进行功率因数校正，光伏板406发电也要经过MPPT DC-DC变换器407进行功率因数校正，以便向系统直流总线502提供稳定的直流电压，然后通过系统直流总线502传输发送每个充电模块402以及每个辅助充电模块501内部的DC-DC电路中，为每个充电模块402和辅助充电模块501包括的DC-DC电路提供直流电。
例如，在充电系统中，当交流电网供电不足时，充电模块402的配置可以按变压器401可以支持的容量来进行配置，不足的部分通过叠加辅助充电模块501和储能电池404和光伏板406来补充。例如，系统最大充电功率需求是480kW，但变压器401剩余的电力容量最大只有300kW，欠缺的180kW需要通过辅助充电模块501来满足。示例性，假设充电模块402中的AC-DC电路10和第一DC-DC电路20的功率相等，均为60kW，而辅助充电模块501功率也为60kW，那么就可以按电网容量配置5个充电模块402，欠缺的180kW充电功率通过叠加储能电池404和3个辅助充电模块501满足，这样就可以解决电网容量不足的问题。
上述充电系统由三端口一体式的充电模块以及结构更加简单的辅助充电模块构建，可以在进一步降低模块成本的同时，容纳更多的待充电装置。从而提高整个充电系统的充电效率，同时通过连接光储设备，可以利用新能源为充电系统提供电能，实现利用清洁能源的目的，减少碳排放。
基于上述充电模块以及充电系统的描述，本申请实施例还提供了一种充电方法。图7 为本申请实施例提供的一种充电方法的流程示意图，该方法包括：
701、充电模块接收用户输入的充电指令。
充电模块可以为用户提供不同的充电模式，以满足不同的充电需求。其中，充电模块如上述图2所示实施例中的充电模块，在此不做赘述。当用户利用充电模块为电动车充电时，可以先根据充电需求输出充电指令。可选的，充电指令可以包括普通充电指令以及快充指令。其中，普通充电指令要求充电模块为电动车提供普通充电服务，而快充指令要求充电模块为电动车提供快充服务。快充服务相较于普通充电服务，需要为电动车提供更高的直流充电电压。
702、充电模块根据充电指令确定所述充电模块的供电方式。
当获取到充电指令后，就需要根据该充电指令来调整充电模块的工作过程。首次，在未对电动车进行充电时，充电模块的直流电传输电路可以将高压传输母线上的高压直流电传输给储能装置，以达到蓄能的目的。而当接收到充电指令时，如果该充电指令是普通充电指令，那么充电模块的控制电路就可以控制直流电传输电路关断。此时光伏发电装置或者储能装置就与高压直流母线断开连接，由交流电网为电动车提供充电电能即可。如果接受到的充电指令是快充指令，那么就需要增大直流充电电压。此时，控制电路可以控制直流电传输电路的电能传输方向，从光伏发电装置或者储能装置出获取直流电，光伏发电装置或者储能装置处于放电状态。并且将获得的直流电传输到内部高压直流母线上，完成直流电的耦合叠加，此时相当于交流电网、光伏发电装置、储能装置共同为电动车提供充电电能，这样可以快速增大DC-DC电路的输出电压，从而达到快速充电的目的。
703、充电模块根据供电方式为待充电装置充电。
在上述充电方法中，充电模块可以根据用户的选择来确定不同的充电方式，通过改变充电模块中直流电传输电路的电能传输方向来实现不同的直流充电电压的变化，从而适应更多的充电需求。
图8为本申请实施例提供了另一种充电方法的流程示意图，应用于如上述实施例所示的充电模块中，该充电方法包括：
801、充电模块的控制电路接收用户输入的充电指令。
802、充电模块的控制电路根据充电指令确定充电模块的供电方式。
803、充电模块的控制电路根据确定的供电方式控制充电模块获取电能，并控制充电模块将电能转换为待充电模块对应的第二直流电。
804、充电模块的控制电路控制充电模块将第二直流电传输给待充电模块。
在一个可选的实施方式中，用户输入的充电指令为普通充电指令。控制电路根据普通充电指令确定充电模块的供电方式为市电供电。控制电路控制AC-DC电路获取交流电网提供的交流电。控制电路控制AC-DC电路将交流电转化为第一直流电，并通过高压直流母线将第一直流电输入第一DC-DC电路。控制电路控制第一DC-DC电路将第一直流电转化为第二直流电，并控制第一DC-DC电路将第二直流电传输给待充电模块。
在一个可选的实施方式中，用户输入的充电指令为快充指令。控制电路根据快充指令确定充电模块的供电方式为市电与光伏发电装置或储能装置叠加供电。控制电路控制 AC-DC电路获取交流电网提供的交流电。控制电路控制AC-DC电路将交流电转化为第一直流电，并将第一直流电传输至高压直流母线上。控制电路控制第一直流电传输电路获取光伏发电装置或储能装置发送的直流电，并将光伏发电装置或储能装置发送的直流电传输至高压直流母线上。控制电路控制第一直流电和光伏发电装置或储能装置发送的直流电的叠加，并将叠加后的直流电传输给第一DC-DC电路控制电路控制第一DC-DC电路将叠加后的直流电转化为第二直流电，并控制第一DC-DC电路将第二直流电传输给待充电模块。
在所附权利要求中对应结构、材料、动作以及所有装置或者步骤以及功能元件的等同形式(如果存在的话)旨在包括结合其他明确要求的元件用于执行该功能的任何结构、材料或动作。本发明的描述出于实施例和描述的目的被给出，但并不旨在是穷举的或者将被发明限制在所公开的形式。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种充电模块，其特征在于，所述充电模块包括AC-DC电路、第一DC-DC电路和第一直流电传输电路；
    所述AC-DC电路的第一端与交流电网连接，所述AC-DC电路的第二端通过高压直流母线与所述第一DC-DC电路的第一端相连；所述第一DC-DC电路的第二端与待充电装置相连；所述第一直流电传输电路的第一端与所述高压直流母线相连；所述第一直流电传输电路的第二端用于连接外部直流装置；其中，所述AC-DC电路的第一端为所述充电模块的输入端，所述第一DC-DC电路的第二端为所述充电模块的输出端；
    所述AC-DC电路用于将所述交流电网提供的交流电转化为第一直流电，并通过所述高压直流母线传输至所述第一DC-DC电路或所述第一直流电传输电路中；
    所述第一DC-DC电路用于将所述高压直流母线上的高压直流电转化为第二直流电，并通过所述充电模块的输出端将所述第二直流电传输至所述待充电装置中；所述高压直流电包括所述第一直流电；
    所述第一直流电传输电路用于在所述高压直流母线和所述外部直流装置之间传输直流电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的充电模块，其特征在于，所述外部直流装置为光伏发电装置；
    所述第一直流电传输电路，具体用于将所述光伏发电装置提供的第三直流电传输至所述高压直流母线上。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的充电模块，其特征在于，所述外部直流装置为储能装置；
    所述第一直流电传输电路，具体用于将所述高压直流母线上的所述第一直流电传输至所述储能装置中；或
    将所述储能装置提供的第四直流电传输至所述高压直流母线上。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的充电模块，其特征在于，所述外部直流装置为辅助充电模块，其中，所述辅助充电模块包括第二DC-DC电路和第二直流电传输电路；
    所述第二DC-DC电路的第一端与所述第二直流电传输电路的第一端相连接；所述第二DC-DC电路的第二端与所述待充电装置相连；所述充电模块通过所述第二直流电传输电路的第二端与所述辅助充电模块相连；所述第二DC-DC电路的第二端为所述辅助充电模块的输出端；
    所述第一直流电传输电路，具体用于将所述第一直流电传输至所述第二直流电传输电路中；
    所述第二DC-DC电路，用于将所述第一直流电转化为所述第二直流电，并通过所述第二DC-DC电路的第二端将所述第二直流电传输至所述待充电装置中。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的充电模块，其特征在于，
    所述第二直流电传输电路的第二端，还用于连接所述光伏发电装置或所述储能装置；
    所述第二直流电传输电路，还用于将所述光伏发电装置提供的所述第三直流电传输至所述第二DC-DC电路中，或将所述储能装置提供的所述第四直流电传输至所述第二DC-DC电路中。
  6. 根据权利要求2至5任一项所述的充电模块，其特征在于；当所述高压直流母线上的所述第一直流电的值大于预设阈值时：
    所述第一直流电通过所述高压直流母线传输至所述第一DC-DC电路中；或
    所述第一直流电通过所述第一直流电传输电路传输至所述储能装置中；或
    所述第一直流电通过第一直流电传输电路传输至所述辅助充电模块中。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的充电模块，其特征在于，当所述高压直流母线上的所述第一直流电的值小于预设阈值时：
    所述第一直流电传输电路将所述光伏发电装置提供的所述第三直流电或所述储能装置提供的所述第四直流电传输至所述高压直流母线上。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的充电模块，其特征在于，所述第一直流电传输电路包括共模电感，控制开关和熔断器；
    所述共模电感、所述控制开关和所述熔断器串联连接；
    所述共模电感用于抑制共模干扰；
    所述控制开关用于控制所述充电模块和所述光伏发电装置或所述储能装置的连接状态；
    所述熔断器用于保护所述第一直流电传输电路。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的充电模块，其特征在于，所述第一直流电传输电路还包括电流检测电路；所述电流检测电路用于检测所述第一直流电传输电路中的电流。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的充电模块，其特征在于，所述充电模块还包括控制电路；所述控制电路用于根据所述第二直流电控制所述AC-DC电路输出的所述第一直流电的值。
  11. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的充电模块，其特征在于，所述控制电路还用于根据所述交流电网发送的供电指令，控制所述AC-DC电路和所述第一DC-DC电路的工作状态；
    所述第一DC-DC电路，还用于根据所述供电指令将所述待充电装置提供的直流电传递到所述高压直流母线上；
    所述AC-DC电路还用于根据所述供电指令对所述高压直流母线上的直流电进行逆变，将所述高压直流母线上的直流电转化为交流电并传输至所述交流电网中。
  12. 一种充电系统，其特征在于，所述充电系统包括：变压器、多个如权利要求1至11任一项所示的充电模块和开关装置；
    所述多个充电模块的输入端均通过所述变压器与交流电网相连；所述多个充电模块的输出端连接所述开关装置的输入端，且所述多个充电模块通过所述开关装置并联连接；
    所述变压器用于将所述交流电网提供的高压交流电转化为低压交流电，并将所述低压交流电传输至所述多个充电模块的输入端；
    所述开关装置的输出端连接待充电装置；所述开关装置，用于选择所述多个充电模块中的至少一个充电模块为所述待充电装置充电。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的充电系统，其特征在于，所述充电系统还包括光伏发电装 置或储能装置；
    其中，所述多个充电模块包括的第一直流电传输电路的第二端均与第一系统直流总线相连，且所述光伏发电装置或所述储能装置与所述第一系统直流总线相连；所述多个充电模块和所述光伏发电装置或所述储能装置通过所述第一系统直流总线并联连接；
    所述光伏发电装置用于为所述多个充电模块包括的第一DC-DC电路提供第三直流电；所述储能装置用于为所述多个充电模块包括的第一DC-DC电路提供第四直流电。
  14. 根据权利要求12至13任一项所述的充电系统，其特征在于，
    所述充电模块，还用于根据所述交流电网发送的供电指令，将所述待充电装置、所述光伏发电装置和/或所述储能装置提供的直流电转化为交流电，并将所述交流电传输至所述交流电网中。
  15. 一种充电系统，其特征在于，所述充电系统包括：变压器、至少一个如权利要求1至11任一项所述的充电模块、至少一个如权利要求1至11任一项所述的辅助充电模块和开关装置；
    所述充电模块的输入端均通过所述变压器与交流电网相连；
    所述充电模块和所述辅助充电模块的输出端均与所述开关装置的输入端相连，并通过所述开关装置并联连接；
    所述变压器用于将所述交流电网提供的高压交流电转化为低压交流电，并将所述低压交流电传输至所述至少一个充电模块的输入端；
    所述开关装置的输出端连接待充电装置；所述开关装置，用于选择所述至少一个充电模块或至少一个辅助充电模块为所述充电装置充电。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的充电系统，其特征在于，所述充电模块包括的第一直流电传输电路的第二端与所述辅助充电模块包括的所述第二直流电传输电路的第二端通过第二系统直流总线并联连接。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的充电系统，其特征在于，所述充电系统还包括光伏发电装置或储能装置；
    所述光伏发电装置或所述储能装置与所述第二系统直流总线相连接；
    所述光伏发电装置用于为所述充电模块包括的第一DC-DC电路和所述辅助充电模块包括的第二DC-DC电路提供第三直流电；所述储能装置用于为所述充电模块包括的第一DC-DC电路和所述辅助充电模块包括的第二DC-DC电路提供第四直流电。
  18. 根据权利要求15至17任一项所述的充电系统，其特征在于，
    所述充电模块，还用于根据所述交流电网发送的供电指令，将所述待充电装置、所述光伏发电装置和/或所述储能装置提供的直流电转化为交流电，并将所述交流电传输至所述交流电网中。
  19. 一种充电方法，其特征在于，所述充电方法包括：
    充电模块接收用户输入的充电指令；
    所述充电模块根据所述充电指令确定所述充电模块的供电方式；
    所述充电模块根据所述供电方式为待充电装置充电。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的充电方法，其特征在于，所述充电指令为普通充电指令；所述充电模块根据所述充电指令确定所述充电模块的供电方式，包括：
    所述充电模块根据所述普通充电指令确定所述充电模块的供电方式为市电供电；
    所述充电模块根据所述供电方式为待充电装置充电，包括：
    所述充电模块根据确定结果获取交流电网提供的交流电；
    所述充电模块将所述交流电转化为直流电，并将所述直流电传输给所述待充电装置。
  21. 根据权利要求19所述的充电方法，其特征在于，所述充电指令为快充指令；所述充电模块根据所述充电指令确定所述充电模块的供电方式，包括：
    所述充电模块根据所述快充指令确定所述充电模块的供电方式为市电与光伏发电装置或储能装置叠加供电；
    所述充电模块根据所述供电方式为待充电装置充电，包括：
    所述充电模块根据确定结果获取交流电网提供的交流电和光伏发电装置或储能装置提供的第一直流电；
    所述充电模块将所述交流电网提供的交流电转化为第二直流电；
    所述充电模块根据所述第一直流电和第二直流电确定充电直流电；并将所述充电直流电传输给所述待充电装置。
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