WO2023093051A1 - 电池的箱体、电池、用电装置 - Google Patents

电池的箱体、电池、用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023093051A1
WO2023093051A1 PCT/CN2022/102959 CN2022102959W WO2023093051A1 WO 2023093051 A1 WO2023093051 A1 WO 2023093051A1 CN 2022102959 W CN2022102959 W CN 2022102959W WO 2023093051 A1 WO2023093051 A1 WO 2023093051A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat
management component
battery
thermal management
groove
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/102959
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
苗慧敏
黄智杰
余效银
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP22897147.9A priority Critical patent/EP4274011A1/en
Publication of WO2023093051A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023093051A1/zh
Priority to US18/235,368 priority patent/US20230395902A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6551—Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a battery box, a battery, and an electrical device.
  • thermal management components are often required to regulate the temperature in the box.
  • the protective components on the box will produce abnormal noises, which greatly affects the battery use experience. Therefore, how to prevent the protective member on the box body from producing abnormal noise has become an urgent problem to be solved.
  • the present application provides a battery box, a battery, and an electrical device, which can solve the problem of abnormal noise generated by the protective member on the battery box.
  • the present application provides a battery box, including: a thermal management component, used to accommodate fluid to adjust the temperature of the battery cell; a protective member, used to protect the thermal management component; Between the management component and the protective member, the heat sink is configured to absorb heat generated by the thermal management component when the temperature of the thermal management component reaches a threshold value.
  • the heat absorbing element is arranged between the heat management component and the protective member.
  • Such a design makes the heat generated on the heat management component firstly absorbed by the heat absorber, and then transferred to the protective member, thereby reducing the heat transferred to the protective member as a whole, and overcoming the problem caused by uneven temperature on the protective member. Squeak issue; as the temperature of the air heated by the thermal management component reaches a threshold, the heat sink begins to absorb heat to keep the temperature of the cavity between the thermal management component and the shield uniform.
  • the thermal management component includes a first heat conduction plate and a second heat conduction plate connected, the second heat conduction plate is arranged closer to the protective member than the first heat conduction plate, and the heat sink is arranged on the second heat conduction plate facing the protective member s surface.
  • the second heat conducting plate has a first groove
  • the first groove is configured to form a flow path for containing fluid with the first heat conducting plate
  • the heat absorbing member is disposed on an outer surface of the first groove.
  • the flow channel is formed by the first groove on the second heat conduction plate and the first heat conduction plate, which can be used to accommodate the fluid for adjusting the temperature of the battery cells.
  • the heat absorbing member is arranged on the outer surface of the first groove, so that the flow channel The heat of the fluid is absorbed as it is transferred through the first groove.
  • the heat absorbing element is adhesively fixed to the outer surface of the first groove.
  • the box body further includes a heat insulation board, the heat insulation board is arranged between the heat management component and the protection member, the heat insulation board is used to block the heat of the heat management component from being transferred to the protection member, and the heat absorber is arranged on the insulation
  • the thermal plate faces the surface of the thermal management component.
  • a second groove is provided on the heat shield, and at least part of the heat sink is accommodated in the second groove.
  • the heat management component includes a non-runner area configured not to contain fluid and recessed in a direction away from the protective member, and the second groove is disposed opposite to the non-runner area.
  • the heat sink is glued and fixed in the second groove. Such a design further strengthens the fixing effect of the heat absorbing member in the second groove, thereby better absorbing the heat transferred from the heat management component.
  • the heat sink includes an encapsulation film and a heat absorber
  • the encapsulation film is used to encapsulate the heat absorber
  • the heat absorber is configured to absorb heat generated by the heat management component when the temperature of the heat management component reaches a threshold value.
  • the heat absorber is a phase change material or graphite.
  • phase change materials when the temperature is too high, the phase change material can melt and absorb heat, and when the temperature is too low, the phase change material cools and releases heat, thereby reducing the temperature change between the thermal management component and the protective component, thereby improving the protective component. noise problem.
  • the present application provides a battery, which includes the box body and the battery cells in the above embodiments, and the box body is used to accommodate the battery cells.
  • the present application provides an electric device, which includes the battery provided in the second aspect of the present application, and the battery is used to provide electric energy.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a box provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic top view of a box provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a partial cross-sectional schematic view along A-A of Fig. 6;
  • Fig. 8 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram along A-A of another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a partial sectional schematic diagram along A-A of another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram along A-A of another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat sink provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • thermal management components 41 protective components, 42 heat absorbing parts, 43 heat insulation plates, 401 first heat conduction plate, 402 second heat conduction plate, 402a first groove, 403 runner, 404 non-runner region, 405 fluid, 421 packaging film, 422 heat absorbing agent, 431 second grooves.
  • the first feature may be in direct contact with the first feature or the second feature "on” or “under” the second feature. Indirect contact through intermediaries.
  • “above”, “above” and “above” the first feature on the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • “Below”, “beneath” and “beneath” the first feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less horizontally than the second feature.
  • the batteries of electric vehicles often need dozens or even thousands of battery cells.
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydraulic, thermal, wind and solar power plants, but also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, as well as military equipment and aerospace and other fields .
  • electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, as well as military equipment and aerospace and other fields .
  • the market demand is also constantly expanding.
  • the existing solution is to add a layer of heat shield between the thermal management component and the protective component. This method can only slow down the heat diffusion speed on the thermal management component, which is not very good. Therefore, how to reduce the abnormal sound generated by the protective components in the box has become an urgent problem to be solved.
  • a battery box is provided, the box includes a heat absorbing part disposed between the heat management component and the protective member, and the heat absorbing part absorbs heat when the temperature of the heat management part reaches a threshold value.
  • the heat generated on the heat management component will first be absorbed by the heat absorbing part, and then transferred to the protective member, thereby reducing the heat transferred to the protective member as a whole, and overcoming the problem of the temperature difference on the protective member. Both produce abnormal noise; as the temperature of the thermal management component reaches a threshold value, the heat sink begins to absorb heat to keep the temperature of the cavity between the thermal management component and the protective member uniform.
  • the present application provides a battery box, a battery including the box, and an electrical device using the battery.
  • This case is suitable for any battery, such as battery modules and battery packs, or primary batteries and secondary batteries, such as secondary batteries including NiMH batteries, NiCd batteries, lead-acid (or lead storage) batteries, lithium-ion batteries , Na-ion batteries, polymer batteries, etc.
  • This battery is suitable for a variety of electrical devices that use batteries, such as mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, battery cars, electric toys, electric tools, electric vehicles, ships and spacecraft, etc.
  • spacecraft include aircraft, rockets, aerospace Aircraft and spacecraft, etc.; batteries are used to provide electrical energy for the above-mentioned electrical devices.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1 is provided with a battery 10 , and the battery 10 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 10 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 .
  • the vehicle 1 may further include a controller 11 and a motor 12 , the controller 11 is used to control the battery 10 to supply power to the motor 12 , for example, for starting, navigating, and working power requirements of the vehicle 1 during driving.
  • the battery 10 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 may include a plurality of battery cells 21 , and the battery cells 21 refer to the smallest unit forming a battery module or a battery pack.
  • a plurality of battery cells 21 may be connected in series and/or in parallel via electrode terminals for various applications.
  • the batteries mentioned in this application include battery modules or battery packs.
  • a plurality of battery cells 21 may be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel, and in parallel refers to a mixture of series and parallel.
  • the battery 10 may also be called a battery pack.
  • a plurality of battery cells 21 may directly form a battery pack, or may first form a battery module 20, and then the battery module 20 forms a battery pack.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a battery 10 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 10 may include a plurality of battery modules 20 and a case 30 , and the plurality of battery modules 20 are accommodated inside the case 30 .
  • the box body 30 is used for accommodating the battery cells 21 or the battery modules 20 , so as to prevent liquid or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells 21 .
  • the box body 30 can be a simple three-dimensional structure such as a single cuboid or cylinder or sphere, or a complex three-dimensional structure composed of simple three-dimensional structures such as a cuboid, cylinder or sphere, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the material of the box body 30 can be such as alloy materials such as aluminum alloy, iron alloy, also can be as polymer material such as polycarbonate, polyisocyanurate foamed plastics, or be the composite material such as glass fiber plus epoxy resin, The embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • the box body 30 may include a first part 301 and a second part 302, the first part 301 and the second part 302 cover each other, the first part 301 and the second part 302 jointly define a Space.
  • the second part 302 can be a hollow structure with one end open, the first part 301 can be a plate-shaped structure, and the first part 301 covers the opening side of the second part 302, so that the first part 301 and the second part 302 jointly define a battery.
  • the space of the unit 21 ; the first part 301 and the second part 302 can also be a hollow structure with one side opening, and the opening side of the first part 301 covers the opening side of the second part 302 .
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a battery module 20 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery module 20 can include a plurality of battery cells 21, and the plurality of battery cells 21 can be connected in series, parallel or mixed to form the battery module 20, and then the battery modules 20 can be connected in series, parallel or mixed to form the battery 10.
  • the battery cell 21 may include a lithium ion battery, a sodium ion battery or a magnesium ion battery, etc., which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell 21 may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cells 21 are generally divided into three types according to the packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square square battery cells and pouch battery cells, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application. However, for the sake of brevity, the following embodiments are described by taking a square battery cell as an example.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery cell 21 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 21 refers to the smallest unit constituting a battery. As shown in FIG. 4 , the battery cell 21 includes an end cover 211 , a casing 212 and an electrode assembly 213 .
  • the end cap 211 refers to a component that covers the opening of the casing 212 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 21 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the end cap 211 can be adapted to the shape of the housing 212 to match the housing 212 .
  • the end cap 211 can be made of a material (such as aluminum alloy) with a certain hardness and strength, so that the end cap 211 is not easy to deform when being squeezed and collided, so that the battery cell 21 can have a higher Structural strength and safety performance can also be improved.
  • Functional components such as electrode terminals 211 a may be provided on the end cap 211 .
  • the electrode terminal 211 a can be used to be electrically connected with the electrode assembly 213 for outputting or inputting electric energy of the battery cell 21 .
  • the end cap 211 may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism for releasing the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 21 reaches a threshold value.
  • an insulator can be provided inside the end cover 211 , and the insulator can be used to isolate the electrical connection components in the housing 212 from the end cover 211 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the insulating member may be plastic, rubber or the like.
  • the casing 212 is a component for mating with the end cap 211 to form the internal environment of the battery cell 21 , wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the electrode assembly 213 , electrolyte (not shown in the figure) and other components.
  • the housing 212 and the end cover 211 can be independent components, and an opening can be provided on the housing 212 , and the internal environment of the battery cell 21 can be formed by making the end cover 211 cover the opening at the opening.
  • the end cover 211 and the housing 212 can also be integrated. Specifically, the end cover 211 and the housing 212 can form a common connection surface before other components are inserted into the housing.
  • the housing 212 can be in various shapes and sizes, such as cuboid, cylinder, hexagonal prism and so on. Specifically, the shape of the casing 212 may be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode assembly 213 .
  • the housing 212 can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not particularly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the electrode assembly 213 is a part where electrochemical reaction occurs in the battery cell 21 .
  • One or more electrode assemblies 213 may be contained within the case 212 .
  • the electrode assembly 213 is mainly formed by winding or stacking the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, and usually a separator is provided between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
  • the part of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet with the active material constitutes the main body of the electrode assembly 213 , and the parts of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet without the active material respectively constitute tabs (not shown in the figure).
  • the positive pole tab and the negative pole tab can be located at one end of the main body together or at two ends of the main body respectively.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a box provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 6 is a top view of a box provided by an embodiment of the present application Schematic diagram
  • FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram along A-A of FIG. 6 .
  • the present application provides a battery case 30.
  • the case 30 includes a heat management part 40 , a protective member 41 and a heat sink 42 .
  • the thermal management component 40 is used to contain a fluid 405 to regulate the temperature of the battery cells 21 .
  • the protection member 41 is used to protect the thermal management part 40 .
  • the heat sink 42 is disposed between the heat management component 40 and the protective member 41 .
  • the heat sink 42 is configured to absorb heat generated by the thermal management component 40 when the temperature of the thermal management component 40 reaches a threshold value.
  • the thermal management component 40 is used to contain a fluid 405 to regulate the temperature of the plurality of battery cells 21 .
  • the fluid 405 here may be liquid or gas, and adjusting the temperature refers to heating or cooling the plurality of battery cells 21 .
  • the thermal management component 40 is used to contain cooling fluid to lower the temperature of the multiple battery cells 21.
  • the thermal management component 40 can also be called a cooling component or a cooling system.
  • the fluid 405 contained therein may also be called a cooling medium or a cooling fluid, more specifically, may be called a cooling liquid or a cooling gas.
  • the thermal management component 40 can also be used for heating to raise the temperature of the plurality of battery cells 21 , which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the fluid 405 can be circulated to achieve a better effect of temperature regulation.
  • the fluid 405 may be water, a mixture of water and glycol, or air.
  • the protective member 41 can be located outside the thermal management component 40, and is used for protecting the thermal management component 40, preventing the case 30 from being damaged by directly hitting the thermal management component 40 when it is bumped.
  • the protective member 41 can be in various shapes and sizes, such as cuboid, cylinder, hexagonal prism and so on. Specifically, the shape of the protective member 41 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the thermal management component 40 .
  • the protective member 41 can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not particularly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • Between the thermal management component 40 and the protective member 41 refers to the space between the thermal management component 40 and the protective member 41 along the Z direction in FIG. It can also be any other position in this space.
  • the heat sink 42 is used to absorb heat on the thermal management component 40 at a certain temperature threshold.
  • the temperature threshold means that according to the design requirements of the cabinet 30, the temperature inside the cabinet 30 cannot exceed a certain range, and the maximum temperature can be 40°C, 50°C or 60°C, etc. To determine, the embodiment of the present application does not make a special limitation on this.
  • the heat absorbing member 42 By arranging the heat absorbing member 42 between the heat management component 40 and the protective member 41, the heat generated on the thermal management member 40 will first be absorbed by the heat absorbing member 42 and then transferred to the protective member 41, thereby reducing overall
  • the heat transferred to the protective member 41 overcomes the problem of abnormal noise caused by uneven temperature on the protective member 41; as the temperature of the air heated by the thermal management component 40 reaches the temperature threshold, the heat absorbing member 42 begins to absorb heat to maintain the heat.
  • the temperature of the cavity between the management part 40 and the protection member 41 is uniform.
  • the thermal management component 40 includes a connected first heat conduction plate 401 and a second heat conduction plate 402 , and the second heat conduction plate 402 is closer to the protective member 41 than the first heat conduction plate 401
  • the heat sink 42 is disposed on the surface of the second heat conducting plate 402 facing the protective member 41 .
  • a thermally conductive plate refers to a plate that can be used to transfer heat.
  • the material of the heat conduction plate can be aluminum alloy, plastic, copper and other materials that are convenient for heat transfer.
  • the heat conducting plate can be in various shapes and sizes, which can be determined according to specific design requirements.
  • the first heat conduction plate 401 refers to the heat conduction plate on the side of the heat management component 40 away from the protection member 41
  • the second heat conduction plate 402 refers to the heat conduction plate of the heat management component 40 close to the protection member 41 .
  • the two heat conducting plates can be connected by welding or bolting.
  • the heat absorbing member 42 By arranging the heat absorbing member 42 on the surface of the second heat conducting plate 402 facing the protective member 41, the heat transferred by the heat management component 40 through the second heat conducting plate 401 will be absorbed by the heat absorbing member 42 and then transferred to the protecting member 41, thereby The influence of temperature changes on the shield member 41 is mitigated.
  • the second heat conduction plate 402 has a first groove 402a, and the first groove 402a is configured to form a flow channel 403 for containing a fluid 405 with the first heat conduction plate 401, and the heat absorbing member 42 is provided on the outer surface of the first groove 402a.
  • the heat absorbing element 42 is adhesively fixed on the outer surface of the first groove 402a.
  • the first groove 402a refers to a part of the plate with a concave shape on the second heat conduction plate 402.
  • a hollow space is formed between the first groove 402a and the first heat conduction plate 401. This space is called the flow channel 403, and the flow The channel 403 can be used to accommodate a fluid 405, where the fluid 405 can be liquid or gas, and the number of the first groove 402a can be one or more, and when the number of the first groove 402a is multiple, a plurality of first grooves 402a interval setting.
  • the outer surface of the first groove 402a refers to the surface of the first groove 402a close to the side of the protective member 41, and the heat absorbing member 42 can be arranged on the outer surface of the first groove 402a by gluing.
  • the outer surface of the first groove 402a is partly wrapped or completely attached to the outer surface of the first groove 402a.
  • the first groove 402a on the second heat conduction plate 402 and the first heat conduction plate 401 form a flow channel 403, which can be used to accommodate the fluid 405 for adjusting the temperature of the battery cell 21, and the heat absorbing member 42 is arranged in the first groove 402a, so that the heat of the fluid 405 in the channel 403 is absorbed when it is transferred through the first groove 402a.
  • FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view along A-A of another embodiment of the present application.
  • the box body 30 also includes a heat insulation board 43, which is arranged between the heat management component 40 and the protective member 41, and the heat insulation board 43 is used to block the heat transfer of the heat management component 40 to the protective member 41 , the heat absorbing member 42 is disposed on the surface of the heat insulating plate 43 facing the heat management component 40 .
  • a heat shield 43 is generally disposed between the heat management component 40 and the protective member 41 to block heat transfer.
  • the thermal insulation board 43 can be made of thermosetting or thermoplastic plastic material and its glass fiber reinforced material. The thermal conductivity of these materials is lower than 0.6W/(m.K), which has a good thermal insulation effect.
  • the heat insulating board 43 can be formed by injection molding or compression molding. On the one hand, the production efficiency is relatively high, and on the other hand, the cost is also effectively reduced.
  • the heat dissipation from the thermal management component 40 to the protective component 41 can be effectively reduced, thereby reducing the influence of temperature changes on the protective component 41 .
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view along A-A of another embodiment of the present application.
  • the heat insulating board 43 is provided with a second groove 431 , and at least part of the heat absorbing element 42 is accommodated in the second groove 431 .
  • the second groove 431 refers to a part of the plate having a concave shape on the heat insulating plate 43 . It can be in various shapes and sizes, which can be determined according to specific design requirements. Part or all of the heat sink 42 is in contact with the sidewall of the second groove 431 to be fixed.
  • the quantity of the second groove 431 can be one or more, and a plurality of second grooves 431 can be arranged at intervals.
  • the movement of the heat absorbing element 42 on the heat insulation board 43 can be limited, so that the heat absorbing element 42 absorbs the heat transferred from the heat management component 40 at a preset position, Furthermore, the possibility of abnormal noise from the protective member 41 is reduced.
  • FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram along A-A of another embodiment of the present application.
  • the thermal management component 40 includes a non-runner region 404 configured to not accommodate the fluid 405 and to be recessed in a direction away from the protective member 41 .
  • the second groove 431 is connected to the non-runner region 404 relative settings.
  • No fluid 405 is contained in the non-runner area 404, so the heat on the thermal management component 40 will be transferred to the non-runner area 404, and the second groove 431 is arranged opposite to the non-runner area 404 to absorb this part of the heat .
  • the heat sink 42 is adhesively fixed in the second groove 431 .
  • Such a design further strengthens the fixing effect of the heat absorbing member 42 in the second groove 431 , so as to better absorb the heat transferred from the heat management component 40 .
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat sink provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the heat absorbing member 42 includes an encapsulating film 421 and a heat absorbing agent 422.
  • the encapsulating film 421 is used for encapsulating the heat absorbing agent 422.
  • the heat absorbing agent 422 is configured to absorb heat management when the temperature of the heat management component 40 reaches a threshold value.
  • the heat absorbing agent 422 is a phase change material or graphite.
  • the encapsulation film 421 is used to enclose the heat absorbing agent 422 in a certain space, and the material of the encapsulation film 421 may be polyvinyl chloride.
  • the material of the heat absorbing agent 422 can be a phase change material or graphite.
  • the organic phase change material can be paraffin, acetic acid, fatty acid, fatty alcohol and the like.
  • paraffin can melt to absorb heat when the temperature is too high, and the liquid paraffin can solidify and release heat when the temperature drops, thereby keeping the temperature between the thermal management component 40 and the protective member 41 stable.
  • the present application also provides a battery 10 , which includes the box body 30 and the battery cells 21 in the above embodiments, and the box body 30 is used to accommodate the battery cells 21 .
  • the present application also provides an electric device, which includes the above-mentioned battery 10, the battery 10 is used to provide electric energy for the electric device, and the electric device can be any of the aforementioned devices using the battery 10 or system.
  • the present application provides a box body 30 .
  • the box body 30 includes a heat management component 40 , a protective member 41 , and a heat sink 42 and a heat shield 43 .
  • the thermal management component 40 is used to contain a fluid 405 to regulate the temperature of the battery cells 21 .
  • the protection member 41 is used to protect the thermal management part 40 .
  • the heat insulation plate 43 is disposed between the heat management component 40 and the protective member 41 , and the heat absorbing member 42 is disposed on a surface of the heat insulation plate 43 facing the heat management component 40 .
  • the heat sink 42 is configured to absorb heat generated by the thermal management component 40 when the temperature of the thermal management component 40 reaches a threshold value.
  • Thermal management component 40 includes a non-runner region 404 .
  • the non-runner area 404 is configured not to accommodate the fluid 405 and is formed in a recessed direction away from the protection member 41 .
  • the heat shield 43 has a second groove 431 opposite to the non-runner area 404 . At least part of the heat sink 42 is accommodated and fixed in the second groove 431 by bonding.
  • the heat absorbing member 42 includes an encapsulation film 421 and a heat absorbing agent 422 .
  • the packaging film 421 is used to package the heat absorber 422 .
  • the heat absorbing agent 422 is phase change material or graphite.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种电池的箱体、电池、用电装置。箱体包括：用于容纳流体以给电池单体调节温度的热管理部件，用于防护所述热管理部件的防护构件，以及吸热件，所述吸热件设置于所述热管理部件和所述防护构件之间，所述吸热件被配置为在所述热管理部件的温度达到阈值时吸收所述热管理部件产生的热量。本申请实施例的箱体通过在热管理部件和防护构件之间设置吸热件，使得热管理部件上产生的热量会先经过吸热件的吸收，再传递到防护构件上，从而整体上减少了传递到防护构件上的热量，有效解决了由于防护构件上温度不均产生异响的问题。

Description

电池的箱体、电池、用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2021年11月26日提交的名称为“电池的箱体、电池、用电装置”的中国专利申请202122934362.6的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域，特别涉及一种电池的箱体、电池、用电装置。
背景技术
一些情况下，在电池的箱体中，多个电池模块工作时常常需要热管理部件来调节箱体内的温度。但是由于热管理部件在不同位置的水流温度不一样，箱体上的防护构件会产生异响，这大大影响了电池的使用体验。因此，如何防止箱体上的防护构件产生异响就成为亟待解决的一项问题。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请提供一种电池的箱体、电池、用电装置，能够解决电池箱体上的防护构件产生异响的问题。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种电池的箱体，包括：热管理部件，用于容纳流体以给电池单体调节温度；防护构件，用于防护热管理部件；吸热件，设置于热管理部件和防护构件之间，吸热件被配置为在热管理部件的温度达到阈值时吸收热管理部件产生的热量。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，将吸热件设置于热管理部件和防护构件之间。这样的设计使得热管理部件上产生的热量会先经过吸热件的吸收，再传递到防护构件上，从而整体上减少了传递到防护构件上的热量，克服了由于防护构件上温度不均产生异响的问题；随着热管理部件加热的空气温度达到阈值，吸热件开始吸收热量，以保持热管理部件和防护构件之间的腔体温度均匀。
在一些实施例中，热管理部件包括相连的第一导热板和第二导热板，第二导热板相对于第一导热板更靠近防护构件设置，吸热件设置于第二导热板面向防护构件的表面。通过在第二导热板面向防护构件的表面设置吸热件，使得热管理部件通过第二导热板传递的热量会被吸热件吸收，再传递到防护构件上，从而减轻温度变化对防护构件的影响。
在一些实施例中，第二导热板具有第一凹槽，第一凹槽被配置为与第一导热板形成用于容纳流体的流道，吸热件设置于第一凹槽的外表面。通过第二导热板上的第一凹槽和第一导热板围合形成流道，可用于容纳调节电池单体温度的流体，将吸热件设置于第一凹槽的外表面，使得流道内流体的热量在经由第一凹槽传递时被吸收。
在一些实施例中，吸热件粘接固定于第一凹槽的外表面。
在一些实施例中，箱体还包括隔热板，隔热板设置于热管理部件和防护构件之间，隔热板用于阻隔热管理部件的热量向防护构件传递，吸热件设置于隔热板面向热管理部件的表面。通过在热管理部件和防护构件之间设置隔热板和吸热件，可以有效降低热管理部件向防护构件热量的扩散，进而减轻温度变化对防护构件的影响。
在一些实施例中，隔热板上设置有第二凹槽，至少部分吸热件容纳于第二凹槽内。通过将吸热件设置于第二凹槽内，可以限制吸热件在隔热板上的移动，从而更好地吸收热管理部件上传递来的热量。
在一些实施例中，热管理部件包括非流道区域，非流道区域被配置为不容纳流体且向远离防护构件的方向凹陷形成，第二凹槽与非流道区域相对设置。通过将第二凹槽和非流道区域相对设置，可以形成一个能容纳 更多吸热件的空间，从而吸收更多从热管理部件上传来的热量，进而有效减少从热管理部件向防护构件传递的热量。
在一些实施例中，吸热件粘接固定于第二凹槽内。这样的设计使得吸热件在第二凹槽内的固定效果进一步加强，从而更好地吸收热管理部件上传递来的热量。
在一些实施例中，吸热件包括封装膜和吸热剂，封装膜用于封装吸热剂，吸热剂被配置为在热管理部件的温度达到阈值时吸收热管理部件产生的热量。这样的设计使得粉状或固体状的吸热剂可以被封装在一定空间内，从而通过封装膜更好地固定于热管理部件和防护构件之间。
在一些实施例中，吸热剂为相变材料或石墨。通过使用相变材料，使得温度过高时相变材料可以熔化吸热，过低时相变材料冷却放热，从而减小热管理部件和防护构件之间温度的变化量，进而改善了防护构件的异响问题。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种电池，其包括上述实施例中的箱体和电池单体，箱体用于容纳电池单体。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种用电装置，其包括本申请第二方面提供的电池，电池用于提供电能。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
通过阅读下文实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在整个附图中，用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1是本申请一实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一实施例提供的电池的结构示意图；
图3是本申请一实施例提供的一种电池模块的结构示意图；
图4是本申请一实施例提供的一种电池单体的分解结构示意图；
图5是本申请一实施例提供的一种箱体的分解结构示意图；
图6是本申请一实施例提供的一种箱体的俯视示意图；
图7是图6在沿A-A的部分剖视示意图；
图8是本申请另一实施例沿A-A的部分剖视示意图；
图9是本申请另一实施例沿A-A的部分剖视示意图；
图10是本申请另一实施例沿A-A的部分剖视示意图；
图11是本申请一实施例提供的一种吸热件的结构示意图。
具体实施方式中的附图标号如下：
1车辆，10电池，11控制器，12马达；
20电池模块，21电池单体，211端盖，211a电极端子，212壳体，213电极组件；
30箱体，301第一部分，302第二部分；
40热管理部件，41防护构件，42吸热件，43隔热板，401第一导热板，402第二导热板，402a第一凹槽，403流道，404非流道区域，405流体，421封装膜，422吸热剂，431第二凹槽。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
需要注意的是，除非另有说明，本申请实施例使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本申请实施例所属领域技术人员所理解的通常意义。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
此外，技术术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
目前，电动汽车的电池往往需要几十甚至上千个电池单体构成。
随着能源问题和环境问题的日益严重，具有国家补贴、清洁能源等 优势的电动汽车逐渐普及，越来越多的消费者选择新能源车。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
申请人注意到，随着电池的使用，冷却液在进入热管理部件前后温度存在较大的差异，这使得热管理部件和防护构件之间温度较高的一侧的密封空气受热膨胀进而导致防护构件向外鼓起，在温度下降后防护构件又向内收缩，防护构件反复膨胀收缩将会产生较大异响。以用电装置为车辆为例，现有的解决方案只是在热管理部件和防护构件之间增加一层隔热板，这种做法只能减缓热管理部件上热量的扩散速度，并不能很好地降低热管理部件上产生的热量导致的防护构件的异常声响，因此如何降低箱体内防护构件产生的异常声响，成为亟需解决的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题，申请人研究发现，可以从发生异响的源头——温度上解决问题，通过阻隔高温向防护构件的传递，以减小防护构件与热管理部件之间空气的气压变化，从而防止防护构件变形和异响。具体为提供一种电池的箱体，箱体包括设置于热管理部件和防护构件之间的吸热件，吸热件在热管理部件的温度达到阈值时吸收热量。
基于上述技术方案，使得热管理部件上产生的热量会先经过吸热件的吸收，再传递到防护构件上，从而整体上减少了传递到防护构件上的热量，克服了由于防护构件上温度不均产生异响的问题；随着热管理部件温度达到阈值，吸热件开始吸收热量，以保持热管理部件和防护构件之间的腔体温度均匀。
本申请提供一种电池的箱体，以及包括这种箱体的电池和使用该电池的用电装置。这种箱体适用于任何电池，例如电池模块和电池包，或者一次电池和二次电池，例如，二次电池包括镍氢电池、镍镉电池、铅酸(或铅蓄)电池、锂离子电池、钠离子电池、聚合物电池等。这种电池适用于各种使用电池的用电装置，例如手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电 瓶车、电动玩具、电动工具、电动车辆、船舶和航天器等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等；电池用于为上述用电装置提供电能。
应理解，本申请实施例描述的技术方案不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的电池和用电装置，还可以适用于所有包括箱体的电池以及使用电池的用电装置，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以电动车辆为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1的结构示意图。车辆1可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1的内部设置有电池10，电池10可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池10可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池10可以作为车辆1的操作电源。车辆1还可以包括控制器11和马达12，控制器11用来控制电池10为马达12供电，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池10不仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
为了满足不同的使用电力需求，电池10可以包括多个电池单体21，电池单体21是指组成电池模块或电池包的最小单元。多个电池单体21可经由电极端子而被串联和/或并联在一起以应用于各种应用场合。本申请中所提到的电池包括电池模块或电池包。其中，多个电池单体21之间可以串联或并联或混联，混联是指串联和并联的混合。电池10也可以称为电池包。本申请的实施例中多个电池单体21可以直接组成电池包，也可以先组成电池模块20，电池模块20再组成电池包。
图2示出了本申请一实施例的电池10的结构示意图。图2中，电池10可以包括多个电池模块20和箱体30，多个电池模块20容纳于箱体30内部。箱体30用于容纳电池单体21或电池模块20，以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体21的充电或放电。箱体30可以是单独的长方体或者圆柱体或球体等简单立体结构，也可以是由长方体或者圆柱体或球体等简单立 体结构组合而成的复杂立体结构，本申请实施例对此并不限定。箱体30的材质可以是如铝合金、铁合金等合金材料，也可以是如聚碳酸酯、聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫塑料等高分子材料，或者是如玻璃纤维加环氧树脂的复合材料，本申请实施例对此也并不限定。
在一些实施例中，箱体30可以包括第一部分301和第二部分302，第一部分301与第二部分302相互盖合，第一部分301和第二部分302共同限定出用于容纳电池单体21的空间。第二部分302可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分301可以为板状结构，第一部分301盖合于第二部分302的开口侧，以使第一部分301与第二部分302共同限定出容纳电池单体21的空间；第一部分301和第二部分302也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分301的开口侧盖合于第二部分302的开口侧。
图3示出了本申请一实施例的电池模块20的结构示意图。图3中，电池模块20可以包括多个电池单体21，多个电池单体21可以先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块20，多个电池模块20再串联或并联或混联组成电池10。本申请中，电池单体21可以包括锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体21可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体21一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方体方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以方体方形电池单体为例进行说明。
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体21的分解结构示意图。电池单体21是指组成电池的最小单元。如图4，电池单体21包括有端盖211、壳体212和电极组件213。
端盖211是指盖合于壳体212的开口处以将电池单体21的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。可选地，端盖211的形状可以与壳体212的形状相适应以配合壳体212。可选地，端盖211可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，端盖211在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体21能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提 高。端盖211上可以设置有如电极端子211a等的功能性部件。电极端子211a可以用于与电极组件213电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体21的电能。在一些实施例中，端盖211上还可以设置有用于在电池单体21的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放内部压力的泄压机构。在一些实施例中，在端盖211的内侧还可以设置有绝缘件，绝缘件可以用于隔离壳体212内的电连接部件与端盖211，以降低短路的风险。示例性的，绝缘件可以是塑料、橡胶等。
壳体212是用于配合端盖211以形成电池单体21的内部环境的组件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电极组件213、电解液(在图中未示出)以及其他部件。壳体212和端盖211可以是独立的部件，可以于壳体212上设置开口，通过在开口处使端盖211盖合开口以形成电池单体21的内部环境。可选地，也可以使端盖211和壳体212一体化，具体地，端盖211和壳体212可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的连接面，当需要封装壳体212的内部时，再使端盖211盖合壳体212。壳体212可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，壳体212的形状可以根据电极组件213的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体212的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
电极组件213是电池单体21中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体212内可以包含一个或更多个电极组件213。电极组件213主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极片与负极片之间设有隔膜。正极片和负极片具有活性物质的部分构成电极组件213的主体部，正极片和负极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳(在图中未示出)。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。在电池单体21的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳连接电极端子211a以形成电流回路。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图5至图7，图5为本申请一实施例提供的一种箱体的分解结构示意图，图6是本申请一实施例提供的一种箱体的俯视示意图，图7是图6在沿A-A的部分剖视示意图。本申请提供 了一种电池的箱体30。箱体30包括热管理部件40、防护构件41和吸热件42。热管理部件40用于容纳流体405以给电池单体21调节温度。防护构件41用于防护热管理部件40。吸热件42设置于热管理部件40和防护构件41之间。吸热件42被配置为在热管理部件40的温度达到阈值时吸收热管理部件40产生的热量。
热管理部件40是用于容纳流体405以给多个电池单体21调节温度。这里的流体405可以是液体或气体，调节温度是指给多个电池单体21加热或者冷却。在给电池单体21冷却或降温的情况下，该热管理部件40用于容纳冷却流体以给多个电池单体21降低温度，此时，热管理部件40也可以称为冷却部件、冷却系统或冷却板等，其容纳的流体405也可以称为冷却介质或冷却流体，更具体的，可以称为冷却液或冷却气体。另外，热管理部件40也可以用于加热以给多个电池单体21升温，本申请实施例对此并不限定。可选的，流体405可以是循环流动的，以达到更好的温度调节的效果。可选的，流体405可以为水、水和乙二醇的混合液或者空气等。
防护构件41可以位于热管理部件40的外侧，用于对热管理部件40起防护作用，防止箱体30受到碰撞时直接撞击热管理部件40导致发生损坏。防护构件41可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，防护构件41的形状可以根据热管理部件40的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。防护构件41的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
“热管理部件40和防护构件41之间”是指热管理部件40沿图5中Z方向直到防护构件41之间的空间，吸热件42可以位于热管理部件40面向防护构件41的表面，也可以是这个空间里的其他任意位置。
吸热件42用于在一定温度阈值下吸收热管理部件40上的热量。温度阈值是指根据箱体30的设计要求，箱体30内的温度不能超过一定的范围，这个温度最大可以是40℃、50℃或60℃等，具体的数值要根据箱体 30的具体设计来确定，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
通过在热管理部件40和防护构件41之间设置吸热件42，使得热管理部件40上产生的热量会先经过吸热件42的吸收，再传递到防护构件41上，从而整体上减少了传递到防护构件41上的热量，克服了由于防护构件41上温度不均产生异响的问题；随着热管理部件40加热的空气温度达到温度阈值，吸热件42开始吸收热量，以保持热管理部件40和防护构件41之间的腔体温度均匀。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请继续参考图7，热管理部件40包括相连的第一导热板401和第二导热板402，第二导热板402相对于第一导热板401更靠近防护构件41设置，吸热件42设置于第二导热板402面向防护构件41的表面。
导热板是指可用于传递热量的板材。导热板的材料可以是铝合金、塑料、铜等便于传递热量的材质。导热板可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，可以根据具体的设计要求来确定。
第一导热板401是指热管理部件40远离防护构件41一侧的导热板，第二导热板402是指热管理部件40靠近防护构件41的导热板。两个导热板可以通过焊接或螺栓连接的方式连接。
通过在第二导热板402面向防护构件41的表面设置吸热件42，使得热管理部件40通过第二导热板401传递的热量会被吸热件42吸收，再传递到防护构件41上，从而减轻温度变化对防护构件41的影响。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第二导热板402具有第一凹槽402a，第一凹槽402a被配置为与第一导热板401形成用于容纳流体405的流道403，吸热件42设置于第一凹槽402a的外表面。可选地，吸热件42粘接固定于第一凹槽402a的外表面。
第一凹槽402a是指第二导热板402上具有凹陷形状的部分板材，第一凹槽402a和第一导热板401之间围合形成一个中空的空间，这个空间称为流道403，流道403可用于容纳流体405，这里的流体405可以是液体或气体，第一凹槽402a的数量可以是一个或多个，当第一凹槽402a数 量有多个时，多个第一凹槽402a间隔设置。
“第一凹槽402a的外表面”是指第一凹槽402a上靠近防护构件41一侧的表面，吸热件42可以通过胶粘的方式设置在第一凹槽402a的外表面上，可以是部分包裹第一凹槽402a的外表面或全部贴合第一凹槽402a的外表面设置。
通过第二导热板402上的第一凹槽402a和第一导热板401围合形成流道403，可用于容纳调节电池单体21温度的流体405，将吸热件42设置于第一凹槽402a的外表面，使得流道403内流体405的热量在经由第一凹槽402a传递时被吸收。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参考图8，图8是本申请另一实施例沿A-A的部分剖视示意图。如图所示，箱体30还包括隔热板43，隔热板43设置于热管理部件40和防护构件41之间，隔热板43用于阻隔热管理部件40的热量向防护构件41传递，吸热件42设置于隔热板43面向热管理部件40的表面。
隔热板43一般设置在热管理部件40和防护构件41之间以阻隔热量传递。具体的，隔热板43可选用热固性或热塑性塑料材料及其玻纤增强材料，这些材料的导热系数低于0.6W/(m.K)，具有良好的隔热效果。隔热板43可以通过注塑或模压方式成型，一方面生产效率比较高，另一方面成本也得到有效的降低。
通过在热管理部件40和防护构件41之间设置隔热板43和吸热件42，可以有效降低热管理部件40向防护构件41热量的扩散，进而减轻温度变化对防护构件41的影响。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参考图9，图9是本申请另一实施例沿A-A的部分剖视示意图。如图所示，隔热板43上设置有第二凹槽431，至少部分吸热件42容纳于第二凹槽431内。
第二凹槽431是指隔热板43上具有凹陷形状的部分板材。其可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，可以根据具体的设计要求来确定。部分或者全部的吸热件42与第二凹槽431的侧壁接触以实现固定。第二凹槽431的数 量可以是一个或多个，多个第二凹槽431可以间隔设置。
通过将吸热件42设置于第二凹槽431内，可以限制吸热件42在隔热板43上的移动，使得吸热件42在预设位置吸收热管理部件40上传递来的热量，进而减少了防护构件41发出异响的可能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参考图9和图10，图10是本申请另一实施例沿A-A的部分剖视示意图。如图所示，热管理部件40包括非流道区域404，非流道区域404被配置为不容纳流体405且向远离防护构件41的方向凹陷形成，第二凹槽431与非流道区域404相对设置。
非流道区域404内不容纳有流体405，因此热管理部件40上的热量会传递到非流道区域404内，将第二凹槽431与非流道区域404相对设置可以吸收这部分的热量。
通过将第二凹槽431和非流道区域404相对设置，可以形成一个能容纳更多吸热件42的空间，从而吸收更多从热管理部件40上传来的热量，进而有效减少从热管理部件40向防护构件41传递的热量。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请继续参考图10，吸热件42粘接固定于第二凹槽431内。这样的设计使得吸热件42在第二凹槽431内的固定效果进一步加强，从而更好地吸收热管理部件40上传递来的热量。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参考图10和图11，图11是本申请一实施例提供的一种吸热件的结构示意图。如图所示，吸热件42包括封装膜421和吸热剂422，封装膜421用于封装吸热剂422，吸热剂422被配置为在热管理部件40的温度达到阈值时吸收热管理部件40产生的热量。可选地，吸热剂422为相变材料或石墨。
封装膜421用于将吸热剂422封装在一定的空间里，封装膜421的材料可以是聚氯乙烯。吸热剂422的材料可以为相变材料或石墨，以有机相变材料为例，有机相变材料可以是石蜡、醋酸、脂肪酸、脂肪醇等。当使用石蜡作为吸热剂422时，使得温度过高时石蜡可以熔化吸热，温度下降时液体状态的石蜡可以凝固放热，从而保持热管理部件40和防护构件41之间的温度稳定。
通过将使用了相变材料的吸热剂422用封装膜421封装，可以更好地固定于热管理部件40和防护构件41之间，从而减小热管理部件40和防护构件41之间温度的变化量，进而改善了防护构件41的异响问题。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种电池10，其包括上述实施例中的箱体30和电池单体21，箱体30用于容纳电池单体21。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种用电装置，其包括本上述电池10，电池10用于为用电装置提供电能，用电装置可以是前述任一应用电池10的装置或系统。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参见图5至图6、图8至图11，本申请提供了一种箱体30。箱体30包括热管理部件40、防护构件41和吸热件42和隔热板43。热管理部件40用于容纳流体405以给电池单体21调节温度。防护构件41用于防护热管理部件40。隔热板43设置于热管理部件40和防护构件41之间，吸热件42设置于隔热板43面向热管理部件40的表面。吸热件42被配置为在热管理部件40的温度达到阈值时吸收热管理部件40产生的热量。热管理部件40包括非流道区域404。非流道区域404被配置为不容纳流体405且向远离防护构件41的方向凹陷形成。隔热板43上有与非流道区域404相对设置的第二凹槽431。至少部分吸热件42容纳并粘接固定于第二凹槽431内。吸热件42包括封装膜421和吸热剂422。封装膜421用于封装吸热剂422。吸热剂422为相变材料或石墨。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要 求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种电池的箱体，其特征在于，包括：
    热管理部件，用于容纳流体以给电池单体调节温度；
    防护构件，用于防护所述热管理部件；
    吸热件，设置于所述热管理部件和所述防护构件之间，所述吸热件被配置为在所述热管理部件的温度达到阈值时吸收所述热管理部件产生的热量。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述热管理部件包括相连的第一导热板和第二导热板，所述第二导热板相对于所述第一导热板更靠近所述防护构件设置，所述吸热件设置于所述第二导热板面向所述防护构件的表面。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述第二导热板具有第一凹槽，所述第一凹槽被配置为与所述第一导热板形成用于容纳所述流体的流道，所述吸热件设置于所述第一凹槽的外表面。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述吸热件粘接固定于所述第一凹槽的外表面。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述箱体还包括隔热板，所述隔热板设置于所述热管理部件和所述防护构件之间，所述隔热板用于阻隔所述热管理部件的热量向所述防护构件传递，所述吸热件设置于所述隔热板面向所述热管理部件的表面。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述隔热板上设置有第二凹槽，至少部分所述吸热件容纳于所述第二凹槽内。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述热管理部件包括非流道区域，所述非流道区域被配置为不容纳所述流体且向远离所述防护构件的方向凹陷形成，所述第二凹槽与所述非流道区域相对设置。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述吸热件粘接固 定于所述第二凹槽内。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述吸热件包括封装膜和吸热剂，所述封装膜用于封装所述吸热剂，所述吸热剂被配置为在所述热管理部件的温度达到阈值时吸收所述热管理部件产生的热量。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的箱体，其特征在于，所述吸热剂为相变材料或石墨。
  11. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括：
    电池单体；
    根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的箱体，所述箱体用于容纳所述电池单体。
  12. 一种用电装置，其特征在于，包括权利要求11所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/102959 2021-11-26 2022-06-30 电池的箱体、电池、用电装置 WO2023093051A1 (zh)

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CN116325325A (zh) * 2022-08-22 2023-06-23 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池及用电装置

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