WO2023089906A1 - 局所注射剤用の漏出抑制剤、これを含む局所注射剤、および局所注射剤の製造方法 - Google Patents
局所注射剤用の漏出抑制剤、これを含む局所注射剤、および局所注射剤の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007972 injectable composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012155 injection solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N inositol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H magnesium phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000004137 magnesium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010994 magnesium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-M methanesulfonate group Chemical class CS(=O)(=O)[O-] AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002504 physiological saline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001500 prolyl group Chemical group [H]N1C([H])(C(=O)[*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002271 resection Methods 0.000 description 1
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002920 sorbitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 210000000130 stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007929 subcutaneous injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000035322 succinylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010613 succinylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-] QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006177 thiolation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical class CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000196 tragacanth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000012588 trypsin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/42—Proteins; Polypeptides; Degradation products thereof; Derivatives thereof, e.g. albumin, gelatin or zein
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/08—Solutions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a leakage inhibitor for local injections, a local injection containing the same, and a method for producing a local injection.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2007-001989 (Patent Document 1) and 2001-192336 (Patent Document 2) disclose protuberance of the mucous membrane by extending the local residence time of the active ingredient in order to contribute to resection of the affected area.
- an injectable formulation that induces In order to extend the local residence time of the active ingredient, at least it is required to reduce the leakage of the injection from the affected area, that is, to suppress the leakage of the injection.
- Patent Document 1 states that it is effective to set the viscosity of the aqueous solution containing hyaluronic acid, which is the active ingredient in the injection, to 40 mPa ⁇ s or more in order to suppress leakage of the injection.
- Patent Document 2 teaches the use of 0.2 to 1.0% by mass of hyaluronic acid having a weight average molecular weight of 600,000 to 1,200,000.
- the present invention provides a leakage inhibitor for local injections that can suppress leakage of injections and allows active ingredients and the like to stay at the target site, local injections containing the same, and local injections. It aims at providing the manufacturing method of an injection.
- the present inventors have made intensive studies to achieve the above objectives and arrived at the present invention.
- First, the present inventors have noticed that the viscosity is maintained at a relatively low level even when a gelatin hydrolyzate having a predetermined weight-average molecular weight is contained at a high concentration in an aqueous solvent.
- the leakage inhibitor for topical injection according to the present invention contains a gelatin hydrolyzate having a weight-average molecular weight of 5000 or less.
- the viscosity at 25° C. of the first solution with a substance concentration of 40% by mass is 20 mPa ⁇ s or less.
- the leakage inhibitor is composed of the gelatin hydrolyzate.
- the above-mentioned leakage inhibitor is for a local injection to be filled in a syringe equipped with a needle having an outer diameter of 23G or more and 37G or less.
- the above-mentioned leakage inhibitor is for a local injection to be filled in a syringe equipped with a needle having an outer diameter of 23G or more and 27G or less.
- the local injection according to the present invention contains the above-described leakage inhibitor.
- the local injection preferably contains the leakage inhibitor in an amount of 5% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less, and the viscosity of the local injection at 25°C is preferably 2 mPa ⁇ s or more and 20 mPa ⁇ s or less.
- the local injection preferably contains the leakage inhibitor in an amount of 5% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less, and the viscosity of the local injection at 25°C is preferably 2 mPa ⁇ s or more and 10 mPa ⁇ s or less.
- the local injection preferably contains the leakage inhibitor in an amount of 5% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less, and the viscosity of the local injection at 25°C is preferably 8 mPa ⁇ s or more and 20 mPa ⁇ s or less.
- a method for producing a local injection according to the present invention is a method for producing the above local injection, comprising: preparing the leakage inhibitor, an aqueous solvent, and an active ingredient; and a step of obtaining a local injection by mixing the components with the aqueous solvent at 1°C or higher and 30°C or lower.
- the step of obtaining the local injection includes mixing the leakage inhibitor with the aqueous solvent to obtain a first injection precursor, and then mixing the active ingredient with the first injection precursor. or by mixing the active ingredient with the aqueous solvent to obtain a second injection precursor, and then mixing the leakage inhibitor with the second injection precursor. It is preferable to select either the step of obtaining a topical injection or the step of obtaining a topical injection by simultaneously mixing the leakage inhibitor and the active ingredient in the aqueous solvent.
- a leakage inhibitor for local injections capable of suppressing leakage of an injection and allowing an active ingredient or the like to stay at a target site, a local injection containing the same, and a local injection.
- a manufacturing method can be provided.
- this embodiment the embodiment according to the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as “this embodiment”) will be described in more detail.
- the notation of the format “A to B” means the upper and lower limits of the range (that is, A to B or less), and when there is no unit description in A and only a unit is described in B , the units of A and B are the same.
- the term “gelatin” may be used when referring to the substance name, gelatin gel, and gelatin solution, respectively.
- gelatin hydrolyzate may also be used when referring to a gelatin hydrolyzate solution, as in the case of the gelatin described above.
- the term "local injection” refers to all injection methods, excluding injections in which a needle is inserted into a blood vessel such as intravenous injection. It means injection around it, injection into soft tissue, injection into joints such as the knee or the facet joints of the spine, and the like.
- the gelatin hydrolyzate is dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline and the concentration of the gelatin hydrolyzate is 40% by mass. is dissolved in phosphate-buffered physiological saline, and liquids in which the gelatin hydrolyzate is dispersed without being slightly dissolved.
- the "first solution” may be a liquid in which it is dispersed without being dissolved.
- the leakage suppressor for local injection contains a gelatin hydrolyzate having a weight average molecular weight of 5000 or less. Furthermore, the gelatin hydrolyzate was dissolved in phosphate buffered saline (hereinafter also referred to as "PBS buffer"), and the concentration of the gelatin hydrolyzate was set to 40% by mass. , 20 mPa ⁇ s or less. It is preferable that the leakage suppressor comprises a gelatin hydrolyzate. By having such characteristics, the leakage suppressing agent can suppress leakage of the local injection from the target site, thereby allowing the local injection to stay at the target site. Furthermore, even when the leakage inhibitor is contained in an aqueous solvent at a high concentration, the viscosity can be maintained at a relatively low level. Become.
- the leakage inhibitor contains a gelatin hydrolyzate having a weight average molecular weight of 5000 or less as described above.
- gelatin hydrolyzate refers to a peptide aggregate (hydrolyzate) obtained by hydrolyzing both or either one of gelatin and collagen. That is, “gelatin hydrolyzate” means the equivalent of an assembly of peptides commonly referred to as collagen peptides or collagen hydrolysates.
- the gelatin hydrolyzate contained in the leakage inhibitor has a weight average molecular weight (5000 or less) as described above.
- the gelatin hydrolyzate means an assembly of peptides as described above, it has the same characteristics as collagen and gelatin, such as having a primary structure in which glycine is repeated every three residues in the amino acid sequence that constitutes the peptide chain. have.
- gelatin means a polypeptide in which the triple helical structure of collagen is unwound by heat denaturation, acid denaturation, etc., chemical modifications thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
- collagen derived from at least one selected from the group consisting of Groups 1 to 6 below is subjected to conventionally known treatments such as degreasing treatment, decalcification treatment, acid or alkali treatment, and hot water extraction treatment. It can be obtained by applying the treatment of Gelatin may be a polypeptide obtained by fermentation using microorganisms, a recombinant polypeptide obtained by chemical synthesis or genetic recombination, or a synthesized polypeptide.
- collagen refers to proteins derived from the extracellular matrix in the skin of vertebrates, which are classified into Groups 1 to 6 below.
- Collagen has a right-handed helical structure consisting of three peptide chains, and the amino acid residues constituting the peptide chain have a primary structure in which glycine residues are repeated every three residues (so-called collagen-like sequence). have.
- Group 1 Group consisting of hide, skin, bone, cartilage and tendon of cattle
- Group 2 Group consisting of hide, skin, bone, cartilage and tendon of pig
- Group 3 Hide, skin, bone, cartilage and tendon of sheep
- Group 4 Group consisting of chicken skin, skin, bones, cartilage and tendons
- Group 5 Group consisting of ostrich skin, skin, bones, cartilage and tendons
- Group 6 Fish bones, skin and scales The group consisting of
- the "chemically modified form" of the above polypeptide (gelatin) means a polypeptide in which the amino group, carboxyl group, hydroxy group, thiol group, etc. of the amino acid residues constituting gelatin are chemically modified.
- Chemically modified gelatin can change its solubility in water, isoelectric point, and the like. Specifically, chemical modifications such as O-acetylation can be carried out on the hydroxy groups of hydroxyproline residues in gelatin. Chemical modifications such as esterification and amidation can be performed on the ⁇ -carboxyl group of glycine residues in gelatin.
- Chemical modification of the hydroxy group of a hydroxyproline residue can be carried out, for example, by O-acetylation, such as by reacting acetic anhydride in an aqueous or non-aqueous solvent.
- O-acetylation such as by reacting acetic anhydride in an aqueous or non-aqueous solvent.
- esterification can be carried out, such as by bubbling dry hydrogen chloride gas after suspension in methanol.
- amidation can be carried out by the action of carbodiimide or the like.
- the above-mentioned “derivatives" of the polypeptide (gelatin) include gelatin derivatives obtained by introducing functional groups into gelatin, copolymers of gelatin with lactic acid, glycolic acid, etc., and copolymers of gelatin with polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol. etc. may be included.
- gelatin derivatives include derivatives obtained by introducing functional groups such as guanidyl groups, thiol groups, amino groups, carboxyl groups, sulfate groups, phosphoric acid groups, alkyl groups, acyl groups, phenyl groups, and benzyl groups into gelatin. be able to.
- “Pharmaceutically acceptable salt” of the above polypeptide (gelatin) means a salt that is pharmaceutically acceptable and has the desired activity (eg, gelling ability) of the original polypeptide (gelatin).
- Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include inorganic acid salts such as hydrochlorides, sulfates, phosphates and hydrobromides, acetates, methanesulfonates, benzenesulfonates, p-toluenesulfonates. , organic acid salts such as succinate, oxalate, fumarate and maleate; inorganic base salts such as sodium, potassium and calcium salts; and organic base salts such as triethylammonium salt. can.
- a specific peptide in gelatin can be converted into a pharmaceutically acceptable salt according to a conventional method.
- gelatin is a polypeptide derived from collagen that many organisms possess, it has excellent biocompatibility. Therefore, the gelatin hydrolyzate obtained by hydrolyzing the above collagen and gelatin also has excellent biocompatibility and is suitable as a component (leakage inhibitor) contained in local injections for medical use.
- the term "sol” means a dispersion system comprising a dispersoid and a dispersion medium, in which the dispersion medium is liquid.
- “Gel” means a state in which the dispersoids form a crosslinked structure in a dispersion system composed of dispersoids and a dispersion medium, and the dispersion system as a whole loses fluidity.
- a gelatin hydrolyzate can be obtained by hydrolyzing either or both gelatin and collagen as described above.
- “hydrolysis” includes hydrolysis using acids, hydrolysis using bases, hydrolysis using enzymes, and hydrolysis using heat. From the viewpoint of preventing contamination with impurities, the gelatin hydrolyzate is preferably obtained by hydrolysis using heat.
- the enzyme include collagenase, thiol protease, serine protease, acid protease, alkaline protease, metalloprotease, and the like. The above enzymes can be used singly or in combination.
- Examples of the thiol protease include plant-derived chymopapain, papain, bromelain, ficin, animal-derived cathepsin, calcium-dependent protease, and the like.
- Examples of the serine protease include trypsin, cathepsin D, and the like.
- Examples of the acid protease include pepsin and chymotrypsin.
- Non-pathogenic microorganisms from which the above enzymes are derived include Bacillus iicheniforms, Bacillus subtillis, Aspergillus oryzae, Streptomyces, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the like.
- an enzyme derived from one of the above-described non-pathogenic microorganisms may be used, or a plurality of types of enzymes derived from the above-described non-pathogenic microorganisms may be used in combination.
- a conventionally known method may be used as a specific method for enzymatic treatment.
- the gelatin hydrolyzate is preferably liquid or powder.
- a topical injection can be easily prepared from the leakage inhibitor, the active ingredient described below, and an aqueous solvent.
- the gelatin hydrolyzate is in the form of powder, the above-mentioned leakage inhibitor is dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous solvent to prepare a solvent for injection, and an active ingredient is added to the solvent to easily prepare a local injection. can be done.
- a gelatin hydrolyzate can be obtained as a liquid by hydrolyzing both or either one of gelatin and collagen by the method described above, followed by purification. Furthermore, it is possible to obtain a powder by heat-drying or freeze-drying the liquid by a known means.
- the gelatin hydrolyzate has a weight average molecular weight of 5,000 or less.
- the gelatin hydrolyzate preferably has a weight average molecular weight of 3000 or more and 5000 or less.
- the leakage inhibitor maintains a relatively low viscosity even when it is contained in an aqueous solvent at a high concentration, so that when applied as a local injection, high back pressure is not required. Therefore, it is possible to achieve the effect of suppressing leakage at the target site.
- the weight average molecular weight of the gelatin hydrolyzate is 5000 or less, the gelatin molecules are decomposed into moderate lengths, and even at high concentrations, the molecules are less likely to entangle. , it is presumed that the viscosity can be maintained at a relatively low level even when it is contained in an aqueous solvent at a high concentration. This makes it possible to easily prepare a local injection with a leakage-suppressing effect.
- the viscosity may increase beyond the allowable range.
- the lower limit of the weight-average molecular weight of the gelatin hydrolyzate is not particularly limited, for example, the weight-average molecular weight of the gelatin hydrolyzate is preferably 500 or more.
- the weight average molecular weight of the gelatin hydrolyzate can be determined by performing gel filtration chromatography under the following measurement conditions.
- Equipment high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) Column: TSKGel® G2000SW XL Column temperature: 30°C Eluent: 40 wt% acetonitrile (containing 0.05 wt% TFA) Flow rate: 0.5mL/min Injection volume: 10 ⁇ L Detection: UV220nm
- Molecular weight marker Use the following three types Aprotinin Mw: 6512 Bacitracin Mw: 1423 Gly-Gly-Tyr-Arg Mw: 451.
- the leakage suppressor containing the gelatin hydrolyzate was added to about 100 ml of distilled water, stirred, and then filtered using a 0.2 ⁇ m filter to reduce the weight average molecular weight.
- a sample to be measured (object to be measured) is prepared.
- the weight-average molecular weight of the gelatin hydrolyzate can be obtained by measuring the substance to be measured under the gel filtration chromatography conditions described above.
- the gelatin hydrolyzate preferably has an isoelectric point of pH 4.0 or higher and 5.5 or lower, more preferably pH 4.0 or higher and 4.7 or lower.
- the hydrolyzate of gelatin is preferably a hydrolyzate of alkali-treated gelatin having an isoelectric point of about pH 4.8 to 5.5. That is, the gelatin hydrolyzate is preferably a hydrolyzate of alkali-treated gelatin.
- gelatin obtained by treating collagen with an inorganic acid is called acid-treated gelatin
- gelatin obtained by treating collagen with an inorganic base is called alkali-treated gelatin.
- Alkali-treated gelatin can be specifically obtained by treating collagen with an inorganic base such as sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
- the leakage inhibitor for local injections may be applied to local injections containing components such as viruses, viral DNA or RNA fragments, or viral proteins, as described later.
- the gelatin hydrolyzate contained in the leakage inhibitor exhibits the pH of the isoelectric point as described above
- the gelatin hydrolyzate in the local injection suppresses aggregation of the above-mentioned components of the virus. It is possible to suppress the decrease in virus titer.
- the gelatin hydrolyzate exhibiting the pH of the isoelectric point possessed by alkali-treated gelatin exhibits a negative charge as a whole.
- the gelatin hydrolyzate can bind to the virus by exhibiting a weak electrostatic interaction with each component in the virus at the positively charged site.
- the gelatin hydrolyzate repels each other with the virus and other peptide chains that make up the gelatin hydrolyzate at the negatively charged sites. From the above, it is presumed that the gelatin hydrolyzate can stabilize the virus in the topical injection while suppressing virus aggregation.
- the pH of the isoelectric point of the gelatin hydrolyzate can be obtained by measuring the pH of the isoelectric point of either or both of gelatin and collagen, which are raw materials of the gelatin hydrolyzate, using a conventionally known method. However, it is preferable to use the following method for measuring the isoelectric point using the zeta potential as an index, since the isoelectric point value can be obtained more accurately. First, a gelatin hydrolyzate to be measured is dissolved in an acetate buffer (pH 4.0 to 5.5) to obtain a 0.4 w/v % solution to be measured.
- the solution to be measured is filtered through a 0.22 ⁇ m filter (manufactured by Merck), and then 0.8 mL of the solution to be measured is filled into a capillary cell while preventing air bubbles from entering.
- the capillary cell filled with the solution to be measured is set in a zeta potential measuring device (manufactured by Malvern Panalytical) to measure the zeta potential at each pH at 25°C.
- the pH value at which the zeta potential becomes 0 can be obtained as the isoelectric point of the solution to be measured (the gelatin hydrolyzate to be measured).
- the concentration of the gelatin hydrolyzate in the leakage inhibitor is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of facilitating the preparation of local injections, it is preferably 25% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less. If the concentration of the gelatin hydrolyzate in the leakage inhibitor is less than 25% by weight, a large amount of the leakage inhibitor is required to exhibit the leakage inhibitory effect when preparing a local injection, which is difficult. . More preferably, the concentration of the gelatin hydrolyzate in the leakage inhibitor is 50% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, and the concentration of the gelatin hydrolyzate in the leakage inhibitor is 100% by mass. It is also preferred that the leakage control agent consists of a gelatin hydrolyzate.
- ingredients other than the gelatin hydrolyzate as the leakage inhibitor include ingredients other than the gelatin hydrolyzate derived from gelatin or collagen, diluents, binders (syrup, gum arabic, sorbitol, tragacanth, polyvinylpyrrolidone), excipients (lactose, sucrose, corn starch, potassium phosphate, sorbitol, glycine), lubricants (magnesium stearate, talc, polyethylene glycol, silica), disintegrant (potato starch) and wetting agent. agent (sodium lauryl sulfate) and the like.
- the concentration of the gelatin hydrolyzate in the leakage inhibitor can be measured by a known method such as hydroxyproline determination.
- the gelatin hydrolyzate is dissolved in PBS buffer, and the gelatin hydrolyzate concentration is 40% by mass.
- the first solution has a viscosity at 25° C. of , 20 mPa ⁇ s or less. That is, the first solution is an aqueous solution in which the gelatin hydrolyzate contained in the leakage inhibitor is dissolved in PBS buffer and the concentration of the gelatin hydrolyzate is 40% by mass, or the concentration of the gelatin hydrolyzate is 40% by mass. %, and the gelatin hydrolyzate is slightly dispersed without being dissolved. Furthermore, the viscosity of the first solution at 25° C.
- the leakage inhibitor exhibits a relatively low viscosity even when the aqueous solvent contains the gelatin hydrolyzate at a high concentration.
- the local injection containing the above leakage inhibitor can exhibit the effect of suppressing leakage from the target site even though high back pressure is not required at the time of injection.
- the outer diameter of the injection needle applied to the syringe filled with the local injection is By appropriately selecting, it is possible to exhibit a more effective leakage control effect.
- the lower limit of the viscosity of the first solution at 25° C. should not be particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of further exhibiting the effect of suppressing leakage from the target site of the local injection containing the above-described leakage inhibitor, It is preferably 5 mPa ⁇ s or more.
- gelatin hydrolysates with a weight-average molecular weight of 5,000 or less have a fairly wide molecular weight distribution, and gelatin hydrolysates containing more than a certain amount of high-molecular components tend to entangle with each other, resulting in an increase in viscosity. is presumed. Therefore, the viscosity at 25° C. of the first solution obtained by dissolving such a gelatin hydrolyzate in a PBS buffer to a concentration of 40% by mass may exceed 20 mPa ⁇ s.
- the viscosity of the first solution is measured at 25° C. with a rheometer (trade name (product number): “MCE302”, Anton Paar Japan Co., Ltd., cone plate R25, 1°, shear rate 200 s ⁇ 1 ). can be done.
- a rheometer trade name (product number): “MCE302”, Anton Paar Japan Co., Ltd., cone plate R25, 1°, shear rate 200 s ⁇ 1 .
- the leakage inhibitor for local injections is for local injections.
- the leakage inhibitor is preferably for local injection filled in a syringe equipped with a needle having an outer diameter of 23G or more and 37G or less. It is also preferable that the above-mentioned leakage inhibitor is for a local injection to be filled in a syringe equipped with a needle having an outer diameter of 23G or more and 27G or less.
- local injection includes, for example, intradermal injection, subcutaneous injection, intramuscular injection, injection into a nerve or its surroundings, injection into soft tissue, injection into a joint such as a knee or a facet joint of the spine, and the like.
- the above-mentioned leakage inhibitor has hitherto unknown properties of gelatin hydrolysates, i.e., unknown properties such as intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, nerve or its surroundings, soft tissues, and facet joints of the knee and spine. It has the effect of suppressing leakage of the injection from the target site such as the inside of the joint and allowing it to remain at the target site. Therefore, the leakage inhibitor can be an effective new use for gelatin hydrolysates.
- an injection needle having an outer diameter of 23G or more and 37G or less specifically refers to an injection needle having an outer diameter of 0.08 ⁇ 0.02 mm to 0.64 ⁇ 0.02 mm. That is, the 23G needle has an outer diameter of 0.64 ⁇ 0.02 mm, the 24G needle has an outer diameter of 0.56 ⁇ 0.02 mm, and the 25G needle has an outer diameter of 0.51 ⁇ 0.02 mm. , the 26G injection needle has an outer diameter of 0.46 ⁇ 0.02 mm, and the 27G injection needle has an outer diameter of 0.41 ⁇ 0.02 mm.
- the 28G needle has an outer diameter of 0.36 ⁇ 0.02 mm
- the 29G needle has an outer diameter of 0.33 ⁇ 0.02 mm
- the 30G needle has an outer diameter of 0.31 ⁇ 0.02 mm
- the 31G injection needle has an outer diameter of 0.27 ⁇ 0.02 mm
- the 32G injection needle has an outer diameter of 0.23 ⁇ 0.02 mm
- the 33G injection needle has an outer diameter of 0.20 ⁇ 0.02 mm
- the 35G injection needle has an outer diameter of 0.15 ⁇ 0.02 mm
- the 36G injection needle has an outer diameter of 0.10 ⁇ 0.02 mm
- 37G injection needles each have an outer diameter of 0.08 ⁇ 0.02 mm.
- the leakage inhibitor suppresses the leakage of the active ingredient in the local injection from the target site in various applications in which a syringe having an injection needle having an outer diameter of 23G or more and 37G or less is applied. It can stay in place.
- the above-mentioned leakage suppressor is particularly useful for intratumoral administration and general intramuscular injection to which a syringe with a needle with an outer diameter of 23G is applied, and a syringe with a needle with an outer diameter of 27G. It is suitable for cell transplantation into soft tissue to which is applied and general intradermal injection.
- the above leakage inhibitor can also be applied to ultra-fine injection needles (for example, 37G, outer diameter 0.08 mm, inner diameter 0.05 mm) used in ophthalmology.
- the local injection contains the leakage inhibitor.
- the local injection can prevent the active ingredient from leaking out of the target site and allow the active ingredient to remain at the target site.
- the local injection can contain active ingredients such as drugs, viruses, cells, or other physiologically active substances, and an aqueous solvent that serves as a medium for dissolving or dispersing the leakage inhibitor. .
- the local injection includes, as an active ingredient, a drug, a virus, a fragment of viral DNA or RNA, each component such as a viral protein (hereinafter also referred to as "virus etc.”), cells, or other physiological substances. It can contain active substances.
- a drug is applicable as an injection, it may be a drug containing an inorganic compound, a drug containing a compound that can be produced by an organic synthesis reaction, or a compound extracted from a natural product or the like.
- the agent may be a derivative of the active molecule, a precursor of the molecule, or a salt of the molecule.
- derivative refers to modifying the structure of a part of the molecule by introducing a functional group into the molecule or performing an oxidation-reduction reaction on the molecule.
- a "precursor" of a molecule means a substance that precedes the biosynthetic or synthetic production of the molecule.
- a “salt” of a molecule means a salt formed by treatment with acids or bases while retaining the activity of the molecule itself.
- enveloped DNA viruses non-enveloped DNA viruses, enveloped RNA viruses, and non-enveloped RNA viruses can be used as the above-mentioned local injection.
- each component such as DNA or RNA fragments of these viruses or viral proteins can also be used in the local injections.
- the gelatin hydrolyzate contained in the topical injection can suppress the aggregation of the virus, so it can suppress the decrease in the virus titer, and thus the refrigeration temperature (2 to 8 ° C.) and at room temperature around 25° C., the stability of topical injections containing the virus or components of the virus can be improved.
- physiologically active substances examples include various cells (including both stem cells and differentiated cells), growth factors, differentiation factors, hormones, chemokines, cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, chemotactic factors, enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, Coenzymes (vitamins), minerals, fats, lipids, stabilizers and preservatives and the like can be mentioned. Any of these physiologically active substances can be used in the local injection.
- the local injection according to this embodiment can contain an aqueous solvent as described above.
- aqueous solvent refers to a medium that dissolves or disperses the leakage inhibitor, and means a medium that can contain components other than water, such as amino acids, sugars, and salts with buffering action, which will be described later.
- the aqueous solvent may be a buffer solution containing a buffering salt.
- the aqueous solvent may be a GTS buffer.
- Aqueous solvents can improve the stability of topical injections.
- salts having a buffering action examples include sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, calcium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and the like. can do.
- the aqueous solvent may contain one of the above salts having a buffering action, or may contain two or more of them in combination.
- Examples of aqueous solvents containing salts having buffering action include the GTS buffer, PBS buffer, Tris buffer, HEPES buffer, citrate buffer, and the like.
- the aqueous solvent preferably contains at least one amino acid selected from the group consisting of methionine, arginine, tryptophan, glutamine and glutamic acid.
- the aqueous solvent may contain one type of amino acid selected from these groups alone, or may contain two or more types in combination. More preferably, the aqueous solvent contains either or both of methionine and arginine amino acids. The local injection can contribute to improved stability even when it contains an amino acid.
- the aqueous solvent preferably contains at least one sugar selected from the group consisting of sucrose, lactose, sorbitol, inositol, trehalose, mannitol, maltitol, xylitol, erythritol and glycerol.
- the aqueous solvent may contain one type of saccharide selected from these groups alone, or may contain two or more types in combination. More preferably, the aqueous solvent contains at least one of sucrose, lactose and sorbitol. The local injection can contribute to improved stability even when it contains saccharides.
- sugars include not only organic compounds generally classified as sugars, but also organic compounds classified as sugar alcohols.
- Organic compounds classified as sugar alcohols in the above group of sugars are the above sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol, xylitol, erythritol and glycerol.
- the local injection preferably contains 5% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less of the leakage inhibitor.
- the viscosity of the local injection at 25° C. is preferably 2 mPa ⁇ s or more and 20 mPa ⁇ s or less. If the concentration of the leakage suppressing agent contained in the local injection is less than 5% by mass, it becomes difficult to obtain a predetermined viscosity, making it difficult to achieve the desired leakage suppressing effect. If the concentration of the leakage inhibitor contained in the local injection exceeds 40% by mass, the viscosity may increase beyond the allowable range.
- the concentration of the leakage inhibitor contained in the local injection is more preferably 10% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less, even more preferably 20% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less, and more than 20% by mass. It is even more preferable that it is less than % by mass.
- concentration of the leakage inhibitor in the topical injection is measured using a known method such as hydroxyproline quantification by regarding the leakage inhibitor as substantially consisting of gelatin hydrolyzate. can be done.
- the local injection contains 5% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less of the leakage inhibitor, and the viscosity of the local injection at 25°C is 2 mPa ⁇ s or more and 10 mPa ⁇ s or less.
- the local injection more preferably contains 10% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less of the leakage inhibitor when filled in a syringe equipped with an injection needle having an outer diameter of 27G.
- the local injection preferably contains 5% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less of the leakage inhibitor, and the viscosity of the local injection at 25°C is 8 mPa ⁇ s or more and 20 mPa ⁇ s or less.
- the leakage inhibitor be contained in an amount of 10% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less.
- the local injection according to this embodiment can contain the leakage inhibitor, the active ingredient, and the aqueous solvent as described above, and in that case, the active ingredient can be retained at the target site without leakage. can be done.
- the local injection contains a virus or the like as an active ingredient
- the local injection can suppress aggregation of the virus or the like in the local injection, thereby suppressing a decrease in the virus titer. ⁇ 8°C) and room temperature around 25°C can improve the stability of topical injections.
- local injections are expected to be suitable for applications such as cell therapy because they are excellent in cell retention and cell ejection as described later.
- the local injection according to this embodiment can preferably be obtained by the following method. That is, the method for producing a local injection according to the present embodiment includes a step of preparing the leakage inhibitor, an aqueous solvent, and an active ingredient (first step), and adding the leakage inhibitor and the active ingredient to the aqueous solvent. It is preferable to include a step of obtaining a local injection (second step) by mixing at a temperature of 30° C. or higher.
- the above-mentioned "active ingredient” and "aqueous solvent” have the same meanings as the "active ingredient” and "aqueous solvent” described in the above item [Local Injection], and redundant description will not be repeated.
- the first step is a step of preparing the leakage inhibitor, the aqueous solvent, and the active ingredient.
- the gelatin hydrolyzate contained in the leakage inhibitor can be obtained by hydrolyzing both or either one of gelatin and collagen as described above so that the weight average molecular weight is 5000 or less.
- the leakage inhibitor can be prepared by mixing a gelatin hydrolyzate and other components at a mass ratio such that the concentration of the gelatin hydrolyzate is 25% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less.
- a conventionally known method can be used as a specific method for mixing the gelatin hydrolyzate and other ingredients.
- the aqueous solvent when the aqueous solvent contains a salt having a buffering action, it can be prepared by a conventionally known method such as adding the salt to deionized water so as to obtain a predetermined concentration.
- Active ingredients can be prepared by conventionally known methods for preparing drugs, viruses, etc., or other physiologically active substances.
- the second step is to obtain a local injection by mixing the leakage inhibitor and the active ingredient with the aqueous solvent at 1°C or higher and 30°C or lower.
- the leakage inhibitor and the active ingredient can be mixed with an aqueous solvent at room temperature of 1°C or higher and 30°C or lower to prepare a local injection, so that a local injection can be obtained very easily. can be done.
- the temperature at which the leakage inhibitor, active ingredient and aqueous solvent are mixed is more preferably 15° C. or higher and 25° C. or lower, more preferably 20° C. or higher and 25° C. or lower, from the viewpoint of easily obtaining a local injection. It is even more preferable to have
- the second step (the step of obtaining a local injection)
- the active ingredient is added to the first injection precursor.
- step 2a or after obtaining a second injection precursor by mixing the active ingredient with the aqueous solvent
- step 2b the second A step of obtaining a local injection by mixing the leakage inhibitor with the injection precursor
- step 2c step it is preferable to be any of the steps of obtaining a local injection.
- step 2a before mixing the active ingredient, the leakage inhibitor and the aqueous solvent are mixed to obtain the first injection precursor. Therefore, for example, when a compound that hydrolyzes quickly (for example, a compound having a structure such as an ester, an amide, or a lactam) is used as an active ingredient, if step 2a is used as the step for obtaining a local injection, the second step can be performed immediately before the local injection.
- a compound that hydrolyzes quickly for example, a compound having a structure such as an ester, an amide, or a lactam
- Step 2b before mixing the leakage inhibitor, the active ingredient and the aqueous solvent are mixed to obtain the second injection precursor. Therefore, for example, when the active ingredient is a compound or the like whose action is likely to be affected by a change in viscosity due to a leakage inhibitor, if Step 2b is used as the step of obtaining a local injection, the second injection precursor can be used immediately before the local injection. By mixing the leakage inhibitor into the body, a local injection with minimal change in action can be obtained.
- step 2c a local injection is obtained by simultaneously mixing the leakage inhibitor and the active ingredient in the aqueous solvent. Therefore, if step 2c is used as the step of obtaining a local injection, the local injection can be obtained in a shorter time and more easily than in steps 2a and 2b.
- the local injection according to the present embodiment can be obtained by the production method described above.
- the local injection suppresses the leakage of the active ingredient from the target site and allows the active ingredient, etc. to remain at the target site. .
- Example 1 A porcine-derived alkali-treated gelatin hydrolyzate with an isoelectric point of pH 5 (trade name: "Bematrix Gelatin HG", weight-average molecular weight: 4000, manufactured by Nitta Gelatin Co., Ltd.) was used as a leakage inhibitor for Sample 1. .
- PBS buffer a porcine-derived alkali-treated gelatin hydrolyzate with an isoelectric point of pH 5 (trade name: "Bematrix Gelatin HG", weight-average molecular weight: 4000, manufactured by Nitta Gelatin Co., Ltd.) was used as a leakage inhibitor for Sample 1. .
- concentrations shown in Table 1 1% by mass, 5% by mass, 10% by mass, 20% by mass, 30% by mass and 40% by mass
- Various viscosity measurement solutions were obtained, including the first solution.
- the isoelectric point of the leakage inhibitor of sample 1 was measured by the method described above and found to be 4.65.
- Example 2 Alkali-treated gelatin hydrolyzate derived from porcine with an isoelectric point of pH 5 (trade name: "Bematrix Gelatin LS-H” manufactured by Nitta Gelatin Co., Ltd.) was heated so that the weight average molecular weight was 650. A gelatin hydrolyzate was obtained by hydrolysis, and this was used as the leakage inhibitor of sample 2. Next, by dissolving the leakage inhibitor in PBS buffer so as to have concentrations shown in Table 1 (10% by mass, 20% by mass, 30% by mass, 40% by mass and 50% by mass), the above-mentioned first solution Various viscometric solutions containing were obtained. The isoelectric point of the leakage inhibitor of Sample 2 was measured by the method described above and found to be 4.02.
- Example 3 Alkali-treated gelatin hydrolyzate derived from porcine with an isoelectric point of pH 5 (trade name: "Bematrix Gelatin LS-H” manufactured by Nitta Gelatin Co., Ltd.) was heated so that the weight average molecular weight was 20,000. A gelatin hydrolyzate was obtained by hydrolysis, and this was used as the leak inhibitor of sample 3. Then, the leakage inhibitor was heated to 50° C. so as to have concentrations shown in Table 1 (5% by mass, 6% by mass, 7% by mass, 8% by mass, 9% by mass, 10% by mass and 20% by mass). Various viscosity measurement solutions were obtained by dissolving in PBS buffer. The isoelectric point of the leakage inhibitor of sample 3 was measured by the method described above and found to be 4.84.
- Example 4 Alkali-treated gelatin hydrolyzate derived from porcine with an isoelectric point of pH 5 (trade name: "Bematrix Gelatin LS-H” manufactured by Nitta Gelatin Co., Ltd.) was heated so that the weight average molecular weight was 5,900. A gelatin hydrolyzate was obtained by hydrolysis, and this was used as the leak inhibitor of sample 4. Next, by dissolving the above leakage inhibitor in PBS buffer to each concentration (20% by mass, 30% by mass, and 40% by mass) shown in Table 1, various viscosity measurement solutions including the first solution were obtained. rice field. The isoelectric point of the leak inhibitor of Sample 1 was measured by the method described above and found to be 4.71.
- sample 21 ⁇ Preparation of sample (local injection)> (Sample 21)
- Leakage inhibitor weight average molecular weight of gelatin hydrolyzate: 4000
- concentration shown in Table 2 1% by mass, 5% by mass, 10% by mass, 20% by mass, 30% by mass and 40% by mass
- PBS buffer aqueous solvent
- Example 22 Leakage inhibitor of sample 2 prepared in the first test (weight average molecular weight of gelatin hydrolyzate: 650), each concentration shown in Table 2 (10% by mass, 20% by mass, 30% by mass, 40% by mass and 50% by mass) in an aqueous solvent (specifically, PBS buffer) to obtain a topical injection (Sample 22) containing the leakage inhibitor at various concentrations.
- aqueous solvent specifically, PBS buffer
- Example 23 Leakage inhibitor (weight average molecular weight of gelatin hydrolyzate: 20000) of sample 3 prepared in the first test was added to each concentration shown in Table 2 (5% by mass, 6% by mass, 7% by mass, 8% by mass, 9% by mass and 10% by mass), and dispersed in an aqueous solvent (specifically, PBS buffer) to obtain a dispersion, and the dispersion is dissolved by heating to 50 ° C. to suppress leakage. A topical injection (Sample 23) containing the agent at various concentrations was obtained.
- an aqueous solvent specifically, PBS buffer
- Example 2A Glycerin (reagent special grade, manufactured by FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added to an aqueous solvent (specifically, PBS buffer) so that each concentration shown in Table 2 (10% by mass, 40% by mass, and 50% by mass). to obtain local injections (Sample 2A) containing glycerin at various concentrations.
- the mass of the filter paper that absorbed the local injection that leaked from the puncture site was measured, and the leakage rate of the local injection that leaked from the puncture site (%, the mass of the local injection that leaked from the puncture site / 0.2 g ⁇ 100 ) was calculated.
- the leakage rate was 9.0% or less, the local injection was evaluated as having suppressed leakage from the target site.
- Table 2 shows the results. In Table 2, for example, the leakage rate (%) of the local injection containing 10% by mass of the leakage inhibitor in Sample 21 is shown where the row of Sample 21 and the column of 10% by mass overlap. That is, according to this test, the leakage rate (%) of the local injection containing 10% by mass of the leakage inhibitor in Sample 21 was 7.0%.
- Sample 21 has a leakage rate of 9.0% or less in a local injection containing 10 to 30% by mass of a leakage inhibitor
- Sample 22 is a local injection containing 30 to 40% by mass of a leakage inhibitor.
- the above leakage rate was 9.0% or less in the injection, suggesting that each of them has a good leakage suppressing effect.
- the leakage rate was 9.0% or less in a local injection containing 7 to 8% by mass of a leakage inhibitor, but the local injection was made from gelatin hydrolyzate with a weight average molecular weight of 20000. Since this leakage inhibitor is used, it is necessary to heat it to 50° C. for sol formation. Therefore, it was judged that the implementation of the local injection was not practical and inappropriate.
- Sample 2A had a leakage rate of 9.0% or less in a local injection containing 40 to 50% by mass of glycerin. It was deemed unsuitable because it was impractical to implement the agent.
- sample 31 Leakage inhibitor (weight average molecular weight of gelatin hydrolyzate: 4000) of sample 1 prepared in the first test was added to each concentration shown in Table 3 (1% by mass, 5% by mass, 10% by mass, 20% by mass, 30% by mass and 40% by mass) were dissolved in an aqueous solvent (specifically, PBS buffer) to obtain local injections (Sample 31) containing the leakage inhibitor at various concentrations.
- an aqueous solvent specifically, PBS buffer
- Example 3A Glycerin (reagent special grade, manufactured by FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added to an aqueous solvent (specifically, PBS buffer) at each concentration shown in Table 3 (10% by mass, 40% by mass, and 50% by mass). to obtain local injections (Sample 3A) containing glycerin at various concentrations.
- ⁇ Leakage suppression test> Syringes (manufactured by Terumo Corporation) equipped with injection needles having an outer diameter of 23G are each filled with 1 mL of the various topical injections of Sample 31 and Sample 3A described above, and the syringes are injected into the subject to be injected. By doing so, 0.2 mL (equivalent to 0.2 g) of the local injection was injected into the subject to be injected. Thereafter, a commercially available filter paper (manufactured by Advantech) cut into 1 cm squares in the same manner as in the second test was allowed to absorb the local injection that leaked from the puncture site, and the mass of the filter paper was measured to determine whether the leaked product leaked from the puncture site. The leakage rate (%) of the local injection was calculated.
- Sample 31 has a leakage rate of 11.0% or less in a local injection containing 30 to 40% by mass of a leakage inhibitor, suggesting that it has a good leakage inhibition effect.
- Sample 3A showed a leakage rate exceeding 11.0% in various local injections containing glycerin at a predetermined concentration.
- sample 41 ⁇ Preparation of sample (local injection)> (Sample 41)
- Leakage inhibitor weight average molecular weight of gelatin hydrolyzate: 4000
- concentration shown in Table 4 1% by mass, 5% by mass, 10% by mass, 20% by mass, 30% by mass and 40% by mass
- PBS buffer aqueous solvent
- a syringe manufactured by Terumo Corporation equipped with a syringe needle having an outer diameter of 25G is filled with 1 mL of the above-described local injection of sample 41, and the syringe is injected into the above-described subject to be injected.
- 0.2 mL (equivalent to 0.2 g) of the local injection was injected into the subject to be injected.
- a commercially available filter paper manufactured by Advantech
- Sample 41 had a leakage rate of 8.0% or less in a local injection containing 20 to 40% by mass of a leakage inhibitor, suggesting that it has a good leakage inhibition effect.
- sample 51 ⁇ Preparation of sample (local injection)> (Sample 51)
- Leakage inhibitor weight average molecular weight of gelatin hydrolyzate: 4000
- concentration shown in Table 5 1% by mass, 3% by mass, 5% by mass, 7.5% by mass %, 10% by mass, 15% by mass and 20% by mass
- PBS buffer aqueous solvent
- Sample 51 has a leakage rate of 2.5% or less in a local injection containing 7.5 to 10% by mass of a leakage inhibitor, suggesting that it has a good leakage inhibition effect.
- sample 61 ⁇ Preparation of sample (local injection)> (Sample 61)
- Leakage inhibitor weight average molecular weight of gelatin hydrolyzate: 4000
- concentration shown in Table 6 1% by mass, 3% by mass, 5% by mass, 7.5% by mass % and 10% by mass
- Sample 61 has a leakage rate of 1.0% or less in a local injection containing 5.0 to 7.5% by mass of a leakage inhibitor, suggesting that it has a good leakage suppression effect. rice field.
- a cell suspension was prepared by dispersing normal human fibroblasts (manufactured by Kurashiki Boseki Co., Ltd.) in a PBS buffer in a plastic container at 5.0 ⁇ 10 5 cells/mL.
- sample 71 ⁇ Preparation of sample (local injection)> (Sample 71)
- the leakage inhibitor of sample 1 prepared in the first test weight average molecular weight of gelatin hydrolyzate: 4000
- the leakage inhibitor of sample 1 prepared in the first test was added so that the final concentration of sample 1 was 20% by mass. and uniformly dispersing the cells in the plastic container to prepare a local injection (Sample 71) having a final cell concentration of 2.5 ⁇ 10 5 cells/mL.
- sample 73 To the cell suspension in the plastic container, the leakage inhibitor of sample 3 prepared in the first test (weight average molecular weight of gelatin hydrolyzate: 20000) was added to the final concentration of sample 3 to 8.0% by mass. A local injection with a final cell concentration of 2.5 ⁇ 10 5 cells/mL ( Sample 73) was prepared.
- Example 7A By further adding a PBS buffer to the cell suspension in the plastic container and dispersing the cells uniformly in the plastic container, the final cell concentration was 2.5 ⁇ 10 5 cells/mL. A topical injection (Sample 7A) was prepared.
- ⁇ Cell retention test> The absorbance at a wavelength of 600 nm of the local injections of Samples 71, 73 and 7A described above was measured using an absorbance meter (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific). Specifically, the absorbance at a wavelength of 600 nm of each sample at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 minutes after preparation was examined with the above-mentioned absorbance meter. For the local injection of each sample, the absorbance measured at 0 minutes after preparation was regarded as 100% cell retention, and the cell retention was calculated from the absorbance measured at each time point.
- the cell retention rate is an index representing how uniformly cells are dispersed in the local injection. The absorbance decreases to such an extent that the cells are not evenly dispersed in the local injection due to sedimentation or the like. Therefore, the lower the absorbance, the lower the cell retention rate. Table 7 shows the results.
- Samples 71 and 73 maintain better cell retention rates than Sample 7A, suggesting that they have excellent cell retention. Therefore, since the local injections of Samples 71 and 73 have excellent cell retention properties, it is considered that they can efficiently deliver the cells, which are the active ingredient, to the target site.
- the topical injection of Sample 73 needs to be prepared by heating to 50° C. for solification using a leak inhibitor consisting of a gelatin hydrolyzate with a weight-average molecular weight of 20,000. was deemed inappropriate as it was impractical.
- sample 81 A local injection (Sample 81) was prepared in the same manner as the local injection of Sample 71 prepared in the seventh test, with a leakage inhibitor (weight average molecular weight of gelatin hydrolyzate: 4000) having a concentration of 20% by mass. prepared.
- Example 83 Local injection (Sample 83 ) was prepared.
- Example 8A A topical injection (Sample 8A) was prepared by uniformly dispersing the cells in a plastic container in the same manner as the topical injection of Sample 7A prepared in the seventh test.
- ⁇ Cell ejection test> A cell ejection test was performed on Samples 81, 83 and 8A using the following method. That is, 3 mL of the local injections of Sample 81, Sample 83, and Sample 8A described above were each aspirated using a syringe (manufactured by Terumo Corporation) equipped with an injection needle having an outer diameter of 27 G, and immediately after aspiration and after aspiration. The local injection was discharged from the syringe into a plastic container after 10 minutes had passed. Subsequently, in the plastic container containing the topical injection, the absorbance of each sample at a wavelength of 600 nm was examined with the same absorbance meter as used in the fifth test.
- the absorbance measured in the local injection filled in the plastic container without being aspirated with the syringe is regarded as 100% cell ejection rate, and the cell ejection rate is calculated from the absorbance measured in the plastic container of each sample was calculated.
- the cell ejection rate means an index representing how many cells are ejected to the outside after appropriately passing through the injection needle.
- the absorbance decreases because the density of the cells in the plastic container is so low that the cells do not properly pass through the injection needle and are expelled to the outside. Therefore, the lower the absorbance, the lower the cell ejection rate.
- Table 8 shows the results. In Table 8, a topical injection filled in a plastic container without being aspirated with the syringe is shown as "Control".
- samples 81 and 83 have excellent cell ejection properties because the cell ejection rate is maintained better than that of sample 8A. Therefore, since the local injections of Samples 81 and 83 have excellent cell-ejecting properties, it is considered that cells, which are the active ingredient, can be efficiently delivered to the target site.
- the topical injection of Sample 83 needs to be prepared by heating to 50° C. for solification using a leak inhibitor consisting of a gelatin hydrolyzate with a weight-average molecular weight of 20,000. was deemed unsuitable because it was impractical and there was concern about damage to the cells.
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Abstract
Description
〔1〕 本発明に係る局所注射剤用の漏出抑制剤は、重量平均分子量5000以下のゼラチン加水分解物を含み、上記ゼラチン加水分解物をリン酸緩衝生理食塩水に溶解し、上記ゼラチン加水分解物の濃度を40質量%とした第1溶液の25℃での粘度は、20mPa・s以下である。
〔2〕 上記漏出抑制剤は、上記ゼラチン加水分解物からなることが好ましい。
〔3〕 上記漏出抑制剤は、23G以上37G以下の外径を有する注射針を備えた注射器に充填される局所注射剤用であることが好ましい。
〔4〕 上記漏出抑制剤は、23G以上27G以下の外径を有する注射針を備えた注射器に充填される局所注射剤用であることが好ましい。
〔5〕 本発明に係る局所注射剤は、上記漏出抑制剤を含む。
〔6〕 上記局所注射剤は、上記漏出抑制剤を5質量%以上40質量%以下含み、上記局所注射剤の25℃での粘度は、2mPa・s以上20mPa・s以下であることが好ましい。
〔7〕 上記局所注射剤は、上記漏出抑制剤を5質量%以上40質量%以下含み、上記局所注射剤の25℃での粘度は、2mPa・s以上10mPa・s以下であることが好ましい。
〔8〕 上記局所注射剤は、上記漏出抑制剤を5質量%以上40質量%以下含み、上記局所注射剤の25℃での粘度は、8mPa・s以上20mPa・s以下であることが好ましい。
〔9〕 本発明に係る局所注射剤の製造方法は、上記局所注射剤の製造方法であって、上記漏出抑制剤と水系溶媒と有効成分とを準備する工程と、上記漏出抑制剤および上記有効成分を上記水系溶媒に1℃以上30℃以下で混合することにより局所注射剤を得る工程とを含む。
〔10〕 上記局所注射剤を得る工程は、上記漏出抑制剤を上記水系溶媒に混合することにより第1注射剤前駆体を得た後、上記第1注射剤前駆体に上記有効成分を混合することにより局所注射剤を得る工程、または上記有効成分を上記水系溶媒に混合することにより第2注射剤前駆体を得た後、上記第2注射剤前駆体に上記漏出抑制剤を混合することにより局所注射剤を得る工程、または上記漏出抑制剤および上記有効成分を同時に上記水系溶媒に混合することにより局所注射剤を得る工程のいずれかであることが好ましい。
本実施形態に係る局所注射剤用の漏出抑制剤は、重量平均分子量5000以下のゼラチン加水分解物を含む。さらに上記ゼラチン加水分解物をリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(以下、「PBSバッファー」とも記す)に溶解し、上記ゼラチン加水分解物の濃度を40質量%とした第1溶液の25℃での粘度は、20mPa・s以下である。上記漏出抑制剤は、ゼラチン加水分解物からなることが好ましい。上記漏出抑制剤は、このような特徴を備えることによって、局所注射剤の目的部位からの漏出を抑制することができ、もって局所注射剤を目的部位に留まらせることができる。さらに上記漏出抑制剤は、水系溶媒に高濃度で含まれる場合であっても、粘度を比較的低位に維持できるので、上述した漏出抑制効果を有する局所注射剤を容易に調製することが可能となる。
上記漏出抑制剤は、上述のように重量平均分子量5000以下のゼラチン加水分解物を含む。本明細書において「ゼラチン加水分解物」とは、ゼラチンおよびコラーゲンの両方またはいずれか一方を加水分解することにより得られるペプチドの集合体(加水分解物)をいう。すなわち「ゼラチン加水分解物」は、一般にコラーゲンペプチドまたはコラーゲン加水分解物と称されるペプチドの集合体と等価なものを意味する。その中で、上記漏出抑制剤に含まれるゼラチン加水分解物は、上記のとおりの重量平均分子量(5000以下)を有する。さらにゼラチン加水分解物は、上述のとおりのペプチドの集合体を意味するため、ペプチド鎖を構成するアミノ酸配列において、グリシンが3残基ごとに繰り返される一次構造を有する等のコラーゲンおよびゼラチンと同じ特徴を有している。
第2群:豚の皮、皮膚、骨、軟骨および腱からなる群
第3群:羊の皮、皮膚、骨、軟骨および腱からなる群
第4群:鶏の皮、皮膚、骨、軟骨および腱からなる群
第5群:ダチョウの皮、皮膚、骨、軟骨および腱からなる群
第6群:魚の骨、皮および鱗からなる群。
上記ゼラチン加水分解物は、重量平均分子量が5000以下である。上記ゼラチン加水分解物は、重量平均分子量が3000以上5000以下であることが好ましい。これにより上記漏出抑制剤は、水系溶媒に高濃度で含む場合であっても、粘度が比較的低位で維持され、もって局所注射剤として適用した場合に、高い背圧を必要としないにもかかわらず、目的部位において漏出抑制効果を奏することができる。詳細なメカニズムは不明であるが、ゼラチン加水分解物は、重量平均分子量が5000以下である場合、ゼラチン分子が程よい長さに分解されており、高濃度でも分子のからみあいが生じにくい状態となるため、水系溶媒に高濃度で含む場合であっても粘度が比較的低位で維持することができると推定される。これにより、漏出抑制効果を備えた局所注射剤を容易に調製することができる。
機器 :高速液体クロマトグラフィ(HPLC)(東ソー株式会社製)
カラム:TSKGel(登録商標)G2000SWXL
カラム温度:30℃
溶離液:40質量%アセトニトリル(0.05質量%TFAを含む)
流速 :0.5mL/min
注入量:10μL
検出 :UV220nm
分子量マーカー:以下の3種を使用
Aprotinin Mw:6512
Bacitracin Mw:1423
Gly-Gly-Tyr-Arg Mw:451。
上記ゼラチン加水分解物は、等電点がpH4.0以上5.5以下であることが好ましく、pH4.0以上4.7以下であることがより好ましい。この条件を満たすために、上記ゼラチン加水分解物は、等電点がpH4.8~5.5程度であるアルカリ処理ゼラチンの加水分解物であることが好ましい。すなわち上記ゼラチン加水分解物は、アルカリ処理ゼラチンの加水分解物であることが好ましい。一般にコラーゲンを、無機酸を用いて処理することにより得たゼラチンを酸処理ゼラチンと称し、コラーゲンを、無機塩基を用いて処理することにより得たゼラチンをアルカリ処理ゼラチンと称する。アルカリ処理ゼラチンは、具体的にはコラーゲンを水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カルシウムまたは水酸化カリウム等の無機塩基を用いて処理することにより得ることができる。
上記漏出抑制剤中の上記ゼラチン加水分解物の濃度は、特に制限されないが、局所注射剤の調製を容易にする観点から、25質量%以上100質量%以下であることが好ましい。上記漏出抑制剤中の上記ゼラチン加水分解物の濃度が25量%未満である場合、局所注射剤を調製する際、漏出抑制効果を奏するために多量の漏出抑制剤が必要となるので難儀となる。上記漏出抑制剤中の上記ゼラチン加水分解物の濃度は、50質量%以上100質量%以下であることがより好ましく、上記漏出抑制剤中の上記ゼラチン加水分解物の濃度は100質量%、すなわち上記漏出抑制剤はゼラチン加水分解物からなることも好ましい。上記漏出抑制剤として上記ゼラチン加水分解物以外に含まれる成分としては、原料となるゼラチンまたはコラーゲンに由来するゼラチン加水分解物以外の成分のほか、希釈剤、結合剤(シロップ、アラビアゴム、ソルビット、トラガカント、ポリビニルピロリドン)、賦形剤(乳糖、ショ糖、コーンスターチ、リン酸カリウム、ソルビット、グリシン)、滑沢剤(ステアリン酸マグネシウム、タルク、ポリエチレングリコール、シリカ)、崩壊剤(バレイショデンプン)および湿潤剤(ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム)などを挙げることができる。上記漏出抑制剤中の上記ゼラチン加水分解物の濃度は、ハイドロキシプロリン定量等の公知の方法により測定することができる。
本実施形態に係る局所注射剤用の漏出抑制剤において、上記ゼラチン加水分解物をPBSバッファーに溶解し、上記ゼラチン加水分解物の濃度を40質量%とした第1溶液の25℃での粘度は、20mPa・s以下である。つまり第1溶液は、上記漏出抑制剤に含まれるゼラチン加水分解物をPBSバッファーに溶解し、上記ゼラチン加水分解物の濃度を40質量%とした水溶液、または上記ゼラチン加水分解物の濃度が40質量%であり、かつ上記ゼラチン加水分解物がわずかに溶解せずに分散した分散液として調製される。さらに当該第1溶液の25℃での粘度は、上記ゼラチン加水分解物の濃度を40質量%含むにもかかわらず、20mPa・s以下となる。以上より上記漏出抑制剤は、水系溶媒に上記ゼラチン加水分解物を高濃度で含む場合であっても粘度が比較的低位を示すことが理解される。
本実施形態に係る局所注射剤用の漏出抑制剤は、局所注射剤用である。とりわけ上記漏出抑制剤は、23G以上37G以下の外径を有する注射針を備えた注射器に充填される局所注射剤用であることが好ましい。上記漏出抑制剤は、23G以上27G以下の外径を有する注射針を備えた注射器に充填される局所注射剤用であることも好ましい。上述したように局所注射とは、たとえば皮内注射、皮下注射、筋肉内注射、神経またはその周囲への注射、軟部組織への注射、膝または脊椎の椎間関節等の関節内への注射等をいい、静脈内注射等の血管内に針を刺入れる方式の注射を除く注射法の全般を意味する。したがって上記漏出抑制剤は、ゼラチン加水分解物の従来知られていない属性、すなわち未知の属性として、皮内、皮下、筋肉内、神経またはその周囲、軟部組織、ならびに膝および脊椎の椎間関節等の関節内などの目的部位から注射剤が漏出することを抑制し、目的部位に留まらせることができる作用を有する。もって漏出抑制剤は、ゼラチン加水分解物の有効な新たな用途とすることができる。
本実施形態に係る局所注射剤は、上記漏出抑制剤を含む。これにより上記局所注射剤は、有効成分が目的部位から漏出することを抑制し、上記目的部位にて留まらせることができる。上記局所注射剤は、上記漏出抑制剤に加え、薬剤、ウイルス、細胞またはその他の生理活性物質などの有効成分、および上記漏出抑制剤を溶解または分散させる媒体となる水系溶媒などを含むことができる。
本実施形態に係る局所注射剤は、有効成分として薬剤、ウイルスまたはウイルスのDNAもしくはRNAの断片、またはウイルスのタンパク質等の各成分(以下、「ウイルス等」とも記す)、細胞、あるいはその他の生理活性物質を含むことができる。上記薬剤としては、注射剤として適用可能である限り、無機化合物を含む薬剤であってもよく、有機合成反応によって製造可能な化合物を含む薬剤であってもよく、天然物などから抽出される化合物を含む薬剤でもよい。薬剤としては、たとえば分子量が500Da未満の合成低分子製剤、分子量が500~5000Da程度の核酸製剤またはペプチド製剤、分子量が数万Da以上のタンパク質製剤をいずれも適用することができる。薬剤は、活性を示す分子の誘導体であってもよく、上記分子の前駆体であってもよく、上記分子の塩であってもよい。ここで本明細書において分子の「誘導体」とは、分子に官能基を導入したり、分子に対して酸化還元反応を実行したりすることによって、分子の分子内の一部の構造を改変して形成される物質を意味する。分子の「前駆体」とは、分子が生合成または合成によって生成される前の段階にある物質を意味する。分子の「塩」とは、分子自身が有する活性を維持したまま、酸または塩基により処理されることにより形成される塩を意味する。
本実施形態に係る局所注射剤は、上述のように水系溶媒を含むことができる。本明細書において「水系溶媒」とは、漏出抑制剤を溶解または分散させる媒体をいい、後述するアミノ酸、糖類および緩衝作用を有する塩などの水以外の成分を含み得る媒体を意味する。たとえば水系溶媒は、緩衝作用を有する塩を含む緩衝液である場合がある。具体的には、水系溶媒は、GTSバッファーである場合がある。水系溶媒によって局所注射剤は、安定性を向上させることができる。
緩衝作用を有する塩としては、リン酸ナトリウム、リン酸カリウム、リン酸カルシウム、リン酸マグネシウム、リン酸水素ナトリウム、リン酸水素カリウム、リン酸水素カルシウム、リン酸水素マグネシウム、塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウムなどを例示することができる。水系溶媒は、上記緩衝作用を有する塩を1種単独で含んでもよく、2種以上を組合せて含んでもよい。上記緩衝作用を有する塩を含む水系溶媒としては、上記GTSバッファー、PBSバッファー、Trisバッファー、HEPESバッファー、クエン酸バッファーなどを例示することができる。
水系溶媒は、メチオニン、アルギニン、トリプトファン、グルタミンおよびグルタミン酸からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種のアミノ酸を含むことが好ましい。水系溶媒は、これらの群から選ばれる1種のアミノ酸を単独で含んでもよく、2種以上を組合せて含んでもよい。水系溶媒は、メチオニン、アルギニンの両者またはいずれか一方のアミノ酸を含むことがより好ましい。上記局所注射剤は、アミノ酸を含む場合も安定性の向上に寄与することができる。
水系溶媒は、ショ糖、乳糖、ソルビトール、イノシトール、トレハロース、マンニトール、マルチトール、キシリトール、エリトリトールおよびグリセロールからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の糖類を含むことが好ましい。水系溶媒は、これらの群から選ばれる1種の糖類を単独で含んでもよく、2種以上を組合せて含んでもよい。水系溶媒は、ショ糖、乳糖またはソルビトールのいずれかを少なくとも含むことがより好ましい。上記局所注射剤は、糖類を含む場合も安定性の向上に寄与することができる。本明細書において「糖類」に含まれる化合物としては、一般に糖類として分類される有機化合物だけでなく、糖アルコールに分類される有機化合物を含むものとする。上記の群の糖類において糖アルコールに分類される有機化合物は、上記ソルビトール、マンニトール、マルチトール、キシリトール、エリトリトールおよびグリセロールである。
上記局所注射剤は、上記漏出抑制剤を5質量%以上40質量%以下含むことが好ましい。この場合において上記局所注射剤の25℃での粘度は、2mPa・s以上20mPa・s以下であることが好ましい。局所注射剤に含まれる上記漏出抑制剤の濃度が5質量%未満である場合、所定の粘度を得ることが困難となるので、所望の漏出抑制効果を奏することが困難となる。局所注射剤に含まれる上記漏出抑制剤の濃度が40質量%を超える場合、粘度が許容範囲を超えて上昇する恐れがある。局所注射剤に含まれる上記漏出抑制剤の濃度は、10質量%以上40質量%以下であることがより好ましく、20質量%以上40質量%以下であることがよりさらに好ましく、20質量%超過40質量%未満であることもよりさらに好ましい。上記局所注射剤中の上記漏出抑制剤の濃度は、上記漏出抑制剤を実質的にゼラチン加水分解物からなるものであるとみなすことにより、ハイドロキシプロリン定量等の公知の方法を用いて測定することができる。
本実施形態に係る局所注射剤は、上述のように漏出抑制剤と、有効成分と、水系溶媒とを含むことができ、その場合において上記有効成分を目的部位にて漏出することなく留まらせることができる。特に、上記局所注射剤は、有効成分としてウイルス等を含む場合、局所注射剤中でウイルス等が凝集することを抑制し、もってウイルス力価の低下を抑制することもできるので、冷蔵温度(2~8℃)および25℃前後の室温の両者において局所注射剤の安定性を向上させることができる。さらに局所注射剤は、本発明者らの研究によれば、後述するように細胞滞留性および細胞吐出性にも優れるため、細胞治療等の用途にも好適となることが期待される。
本実施形態に係る局所注射剤は、好ましくは次の方法により得ることができる。すなわち本実施形態に係る局所注射剤の製造方法は、上記漏出抑制剤と水系溶媒と有効成分とを準備する工程(第1工程)と、上記漏出抑制剤および上記有効成分を上記水系溶媒に1℃以上30℃以下で混合することにより局所注射剤を得る工程(第2工程)とを含むことが好ましい。上記「有効成分」および「水系溶媒」は、上記の〔局所注射剤〕の項目にて説明した「有効成分」および「水系溶媒」と同義であり、重複する説明は繰り返さない。
第1工程は、上記漏出抑制剤と水系溶媒と有効成分とを準備する工程である。漏出抑制剤に含まれるゼラチン加水分解物は、上述のとおりゼラチンおよびコラーゲンの両方またはいずれか一方を加水分解し、重量平均分子量を5000以下とすることにより得ることができる。上記漏出抑制剤は、ゼラチン加水分解物とその他の成分とを、ゼラチン加水分解物の濃度が25質量%以上100質量%以下となるような質量比率で混合することにより準備することができる。上記ゼラチン加水分解物とその他の成分との具体的な混合方法は、従来公知の方法を用いることができる。水系溶媒は、例えば緩衝作用を有する塩を含む場合、所定の濃度となるように上記塩をイオン交換水に添加する等の従来公知の方法により準備することができる。有効成分については、薬剤、ウイルス等またはその他の生理活性物質を準備するための従来公知の方法によって、それぞれ準備することができる。
第2工程は、上記漏出抑制剤および上記有効成分を上記水系溶媒に1℃以上30℃以下で混合することにより局所注射剤を得る工程である。第2工程は、1℃以上30℃以下という室温にて漏出抑制剤および有効成分を水系溶媒に混合し、局所注射剤を調製することが可能であるため、極めて簡便に局所注射剤を得ることができる。第2工程において上記漏出抑制剤、有効成分および水系溶媒を混合する温度は、局所注射剤を簡便に得る観点から、15℃以上25℃以下であることがより好ましく、20℃以上25℃以下であることがよりさらに好ましい。
以上の製造方法により、本実施形態に係る局所注射剤を得ることができる。上記局所注射剤は、漏出抑制剤と、有効成分と、水系溶媒とを含むことにより、上記有効成分を目的部位から漏出することを抑制し、上記有効成分等を目的部位に留まらせることができる。
後述する各試料が局所注射剤の漏出抑制剤として適切であるか否かを評価するため、次のような試験を行った。以下の試料1および試料2が実施例であり、試料3および試料4が比較例である。
(試料1)
等電点のpHが5であるブタ由来のアルカリ処理ゼラチン加水分解物(商品名:「ビーマトリックスゼラチンHG」、重量平均分子量4000、新田ゼラチン株式会社製)を試料1の漏出抑制剤とした。次いで上記漏出抑制剤を表1に示す各濃度(1質量%、5質量%、10質量%、20質量%、30質量%および40質量%)となるようにPBSバッファーに溶解することにより、上述した第1溶液を含む各種の粘度測定用溶液を得た。試料1の漏出抑制剤の等電点を上述した方法により測定したところ、4.65であった。
等電点のpHが5であるブタ由来のアルカリ処理ゼラチン加水分解物(商品名:「ビーマトリックスゼラチンLS-H」、新田ゼラチン株式会社製)を重量平均分子量が650となるように熱で加水分解することによりゼラチン加水分解物を得、これを試料2の漏出抑制剤とした。次いで上記漏出抑制剤を表1に示す各濃度(10質量%、20質量%、30質量%、40質量%および50質量%)となるようにPBSバッファーに溶解することにより、上述した第1溶液を含む各種の粘度測定用溶液を得た。試料2の漏出抑制剤の等電点を上述した方法により測定したところ、4.02であった。
等電点のpHが5であるブタ由来のアルカリ処理ゼラチン加水分解物(商品名:「ビーマトリックスゼラチンLS-H」、新田ゼラチン株式会社製)を重量平均分子量が20000となるように熱で加水分解することによりゼラチン加水分解物を得、これを試料3の漏出抑制剤とした。次いで上記漏出抑制剤を表1に示す各濃度(5質量%、6質量%、7質量%、8質量%、9質量%、10質量%および20質量%)となるように50℃に加熱したPBSバッファーに溶解することにより、各種の粘度測定用溶液を得た。試料3の漏出抑制剤の等電点を上述した方法により測定したところ、4.84であった。
等電点のpHが5であるブタ由来のアルカリ処理ゼラチン加水分解物(商品名:「ビーマトリックスゼラチンLS-H」、新田ゼラチン株式会社製)を重量平均分子量が5900となるように熱で加水分解することによりゼラチン加水分解物を得、これを試料4の漏出抑制剤とした。次いで上記漏出抑制剤を表1に示す各濃度(20質量%、30質量%および40質量%)となるようにPBSバッファーに溶解することにより、第1溶液を含む各種の粘度測定用溶液を得た。試料1の漏出抑制剤の等電点を上述した方法により測定したところ、4.71であった。
上述した試料1~試料4から得た第1溶液および各種の粘度測定用溶液に対し、レオメータ(アントンパールジャパン社製)を用いて25℃での粘度(単位は、mPa・s)を上述した方法に沿って求めた。結果を表1に示す。表1においては、たとえば試料1の漏出抑制剤を10質量%含む粘度測定用溶液の25℃での粘度は、試料1の行と10質量%の列とが重なる箇所に示される。すなわち本試験によれば、試料1の漏出抑制剤を10質量%含む粘度測定用溶液の25℃での粘度は、「2.5mPa・s」であった。
表1によれば、試料1および試料2における第1溶液の25℃での粘度は、20mPa・s以下であった。一方、試料4における第1溶液の25℃での粘度は、20mPa・sを超過した。試料3については、漏出抑制剤を20質量%含む粘度測定用溶液の25℃での粘度が20mPa・sを遥かに超過したため、第1溶液の25℃での粘度は当然に20mPa・sを超過すると推定された。また試料1および試料2の等電点は、試料3および試料4のそれに比して低く、4.7以下(4.65以下)であった。
後述する各試料が局所注射剤として漏出抑制効果を示すか否かを評価するため、次のような試験を行った。以下の試料21および試料22が実施例であり、試料23および試料2Aが比較例である。
市販の鶏もも肉(日本国産)を入手し、これを37℃にてインキュベートすることにより被注射検体を準備した。
(試料21)
第1試験にて作製した試料1の漏出抑制剤(ゼラチン加水分解物の重量平均分子量:4000)を、表2に示す各濃度(1質量%、5質量%、10質量%、20質量%、30質量%および40質量%)となるように水系溶媒(具体的には、PBSバッファー)に溶解することにより、漏出抑制剤を各種の濃度で含む局所注射剤(試料21)を得た。
第1試験にて作製した試料2の漏出抑制剤(ゼラチン加水分解物の重量平均分子量:650)を、表2に示す各濃度(10質量%、20質量%、30質量%、40質量%および50質量%)となるように水系溶媒(具体的には、PBSバッファー)に溶解することにより、漏出抑制剤を各種の濃度で含む局所注射剤(試料22)を得た。
第1試験にて作製した試料3の漏出抑制剤(ゼラチン加水分解物の重量平均分子量:20000)を、表2に示す各濃度(5質量%、6質量%、7質量%、8質量%、9質量%および10質量%)となるように、水系溶媒(具体的には、PBSバッファー)に分散させて分散液を得、かつ当該分散液を50℃に加熱することにより溶解して漏出抑制剤を各種の濃度で含む局所注射剤(試料23)を得た。
グリセリン(試薬特級、富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社製)を、表2に示す各濃度(10質量%、40質量%および50質量%)となるように水系溶媒(具体的には、PBSバッファー)に溶解することにより、グリセリンを各種の濃度で含む局所注射剤(試料2A)を得た。
上述した試料21~試料23および試料2Aの各種の局所注射剤1mLを、27Gの外径を有する注射針を備えた注射器(テルモ株式会社製)にそれぞれ充填するとともに、当該注射器を上述した被注射検体に注射することにより、当該被注射検体に上記局所注射剤0.2mL(0.2g相当)を注入した。次いで、当該注射器を被注射検体から抜き取り、被注射検体の穿刺部に1cm角にカットした市販のろ紙(アドバンテック社製)で覆い、当該ろ紙に上記穿刺部から漏出した局所注射剤を吸収させた。
表2によれば、試料21は、漏出抑制剤を10~30質量%含む局所注射剤において上記漏出率が9.0%以下となり、試料22は、漏出抑制剤を30~40質量%含む局所注射剤において上記漏出率が9.0%以下となり、それぞれ良好な漏出抑制効果を有することが示唆された。
後述する各試料が局所注射剤として漏出抑制効果を示すか否かを評価するため、次のような試験を行った。以下の試料31が実施例であり、試料3Aが比較例である。
市販の鶏もも肉(日本国産)を入手し、これを37℃にてインキュベートすることにより被注射検体を準備した。
(試料31)
第1試験にて作製した試料1の漏出抑制剤(ゼラチン加水分解物の重量平均分子量:4000)を、表3に示す各濃度(1質量%、5質量%、10質量%、20質量%、30質量%および40質量%)となるように水系溶媒(具体的には、PBSバッファー)に溶解することにより、漏出抑制剤を各種の濃度で含む局所注射剤(試料31)を得た。
グリセリン(試薬特級、富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社製)を、表3に示す各濃度(10質量%、40質量%および50質量%)となるように水系溶媒(具体的には、PBSバッファー)に溶解することにより、グリセリンを各種の濃度で含む局所注射剤(試料3A)を得た。
上述した試料31および試料3Aの各種の局所注射剤1mLを、23Gの外径を有する注射針を備えた注射器(テルモ株式会社製)にそれぞれ充填するとともに、当該注射器を上述した被注射検体に注射することにより、当該被注射検体に上記局所注射剤0.2mL(0.2g相当)を注入した。以降、上記第2試験と同じ要領により1cm角にカットした市販のろ紙(アドバンテック社製)に穿刺部から漏出した局所注射剤を吸収させるとともに、上記ろ紙の質量を測定し、穿刺部から漏出した局所注射剤の漏出率(%)を算出した。
表3によれば、試料31は、漏出抑制剤を30~40質量%含む局所注射剤において上記漏出率が11.0%以下となり、良好な漏出抑制効果を有することが示唆された。一方、試料3Aは、グリセリンを所定の濃度含む各種の局所注射剤においていずれも漏出率が11.0%を超えた。
後述する試料41が局所注射剤として漏出抑制効果を示すか否かを評価するため、次のような試験を行った。試料41は実施例である。
市販の鶏もも肉(日本国産)を入手し、これを37℃にてインキュベートすることにより被注射検体を準備した。
(試料41)
第1試験にて作製した試料1の漏出抑制剤(ゼラチン加水分解物の重量平均分子量:4000)を、表4に示す各濃度(1質量%、5質量%、10質量%、20質量%、30質量%および40質量%)となるように水系溶媒(具体的には、PBSバッファー)に溶解することにより、漏出抑制剤を各種の濃度で含む局所注射剤(試料41)を得た。
上述した試料41の局所注射剤1mLを、25Gの外径を有する注射針を備えた注射器(テルモ株式会社製)にそれぞれ充填するとともに、当該注射器を上述した被注射検体に注射することにより、当該被注射検体に上記局所注射剤0.2mL(0.2g相当)を注入した。以降、上記第2試験と同じ要領により1cm角にカットした市販のろ紙(アドバンテック社製)に穿刺部から漏出した局所注射剤を吸収させるとともに、上記ろ紙の質量を測定し、穿刺部から漏出した局所注射剤の漏出率(%)を算出した。
表4によれば、試料41は、漏出抑制剤を20~40質量%含む局所注射剤において上記漏出率が8.0%以下となり、良好な漏出抑制効果を有することが示唆された。
後述する試料51が局所注射剤として漏出抑制効果を示すか否かを評価するため、次のような試験を行った。試料51は実施例である。
市販の鶏もも肉(日本国産)を入手し、これを37℃にてインキュベートすることにより被注射検体を準備した。
(試料51)
第1試験にて作製した試料1の漏出抑制剤(ゼラチン加水分解物の重量平均分子量:4000)を、表5に示す各濃度(1質量%、3質量%、5質量%、7.5質量%、10質量%、15質量%および20質量%)となるように水系溶媒(具体的には、PBSバッファー)に溶解することにより、漏出抑制剤を各種の濃度で含む局所注射剤(試料51)を得た。
上述した試料51の局所注射剤1mLを、33Gの外径を有する注射針を備えた注射器(日本ジェネティクス株式会社製)にそれぞれ充填するとともに、当該注射器を上述した被注射検体に注射することにより、当該被注射検体に上記局所注射剤0.2mL(0.2g相当)を注入した。以降、上記第2試験と同じ要領により1cm角にカットした市販のろ紙(アドバンテック社製)に穿刺部から漏出した局所注射剤を吸収させるとともに、上記ろ紙の質量を測定し、穿刺部から漏出した局所注射剤の漏出率(%)を算出した。
表5によれば、試料51は、漏出抑制剤を7.5~10質量%含む局所注射剤において上記漏出率が2.5%以下となり、良好な漏出抑制効果を有することが示唆された。
後述する試料61が局所注射剤として漏出抑制効果を示すか否かを評価するため、次のような試験を行った。試料61は実施例である。
市販の鶏もも肉(日本国産)を入手し、これを37℃にてインキュベートすることにより被注射検体を準備した。
(試料61)
第1試験にて作製した試料1の漏出抑制剤(ゼラチン加水分解物の重量平均分子量:4000)を、表6に示す各濃度(1質量%、3質量%、5質量%、7.5質量%および10質量%)となるように水系溶媒(具体的には、PBSバッファー)に溶解することにより、漏出抑制剤を各種の濃度で含む局所注射剤(試料61)を得た。
上述した試料61の局所注射剤1mLを、37Gの外径を有する注射針を備えた注射器(日本ジェネティクス株式会社製)にそれぞれ充填するとともに、当該注射器を上述した被注射検体に注射することにより、当該被注射検体に上記局所注射剤0.2mL(0.2g相当)を注入した。以降、上記第2試験と同じ要領により1cm角にカットした市販のろ紙(アドバンテック社製)に穿刺部から漏出した局所注射剤を吸収させるとともに、上記ろ紙の質量を測定し、穿刺部から漏出した局所注射剤の漏出率(%)を算出した。
表6によれば、試料61は、漏出抑制剤を5.0~7.5質量%含む局所注射剤において上記漏出率が1.0%以下となり、良好な漏出抑制効果を有することが示唆された。
後述する各試料が局所注射剤として良好な細胞滞留性を示すか否かを評価するため、次のような試験を行った。以下の試料71が実施例であり、試料73および試料7Aが比較例である。
正常ヒト線維芽細胞(倉敷紡績株式会社製)を5.0×105cell/mLとなるようにプラスチック容器中のPBSバッファーに分散させることにより細胞懸濁液を準備した。
(試料71)
上記プラスチック容器中の細胞懸濁液に対し、第1試験にて作製した試料1の漏出抑制剤(ゼラチン加水分解物の重量平均分子量:4000)を、試料1の終濃度が20質量%となるように添加するとともに上記プラスチック容器中で上記細胞を均一に分散させることにより、上記細胞の終濃度が2.5×105cell/mLである局所注射剤(試料71)を調製した。
上記プラスチック容器中の細胞懸濁液に対し、第1試験にて作製した試料3の漏出抑制剤(ゼラチン加水分解物の重量平均分子量:20000)を、試料3の終濃度が8.0質量%となるように添加するとともに上記プラスチック容器中で上記細胞を均一に分散させ、かつ50℃に加熱することにより、上記細胞の終濃度が2.5×105cell/mLである局所注射剤(試料73)を調製した。
上記プラスチック容器中の細胞懸濁液に対し、PBSバッファーをさらに添加するとともに上記プラスチック容器中で上記細胞を均一に分散させることにより、上記細胞の終濃度が2.5×105cell/mLである局所注射剤(試料7A)を調製した。
上述した試料71、試料73および試料7Aの局所注射剤の波長600nmに対する吸光度を、吸光度計(サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社製)を用いて測定した。具体的には、調製後0分、2分、4分、6分、8分および10分経過時における各試料の波長600nmに対する吸光度を上記吸光度計にて調べた。各試料の局所注射剤においては、調製後0分において測定された吸光度を細胞滞留率100%とみなし、各時点で測定された吸光度から細胞滞留率を算出した。ここで細胞滞留率とは、細胞が局所注射剤中でどの程度均一に分散されているかを表す指標をいう。上記吸光度は、局所注射剤中で細胞が沈殿するなどして均一に分散されなくなるほど低下する。したがって上記吸光度が低い値を示すほど、上記細胞滞留率は低くなる。結果を表7に示す。
表7によれば、試料71および試料73は、試料7Aに比して細胞滞留率が良好に維持されているため、優れた細胞滞留性を有することが示唆される。したがって試料71および試料73の局所注射剤は、優れた細胞滞留性を有するため、効率的に有効成分である細胞を目的部位に送達することができるものと考えられる。ただし試料73の局所注射剤は、重量平均分子量20000のゼラチン加水分解物からなる漏出抑制剤を用い、ゾル化のために50℃に加熱して調製する必要があるので、当該局所注射剤の実施は実際的ではないので不適であると判断した。
後述する各試料が局所注射剤として良好な細胞吐出性を示すか否かを評価するため、次のような試験を行った。以下の試料81が実施例であり、試料83および試料8Aが比較例である。
上記第7試験と同じ要領により、細胞懸濁液を準備した。
(試料81)
上記第7試験にて調製した試料71の局所注射剤と同じ要領により、漏出抑制剤(ゼラチン加水分解物の重量平均分子量:4000)の濃度を20質量%とした局所注射剤(試料81)を調製した。
上記第7試験にて調製した試料73の局所注射剤と同じ要領により、漏出抑制剤(ゼラチン加水分解物の重量平均分子量:20000)の濃度を8.0質量%とした局所注射剤(試料83)を調製した。
上記第7試験にて調製した試料7Aの局所注射剤と同じ要領により、プラスチック容器中で上記細胞を均一に分散させた局所注射剤(試料8A)を調製した。
上記試料81、試料83および試料8Aに対し、次の方法を用いて細胞吐出性試験を実行した。すなわち上述した試料81、試料83および試料8Aの局所注射剤3mLをそれぞれ、27Gの外径を有する注射針を備えた注射器(テルモ株式会社製)を用いて吸引するとともに、吸引直後および吸引後静置して10分経過時に当該注射器からプラスチック容器に局所注射剤を吐出した。続いて、当該局所注射剤を収容したプラスチック容器において、各試料の波長600nmに対する吸光度を第5試験で用いたのと同じ吸光度計にて調べた。各試料に関し、上記注射器で吸引せずにプラスチック容器に充填した局所注射剤において測定された吸光度を細胞吐出率100%とみなすことにより、各試料のプラスチック容器にて測定された吸光度から細胞吐出率を算出した。ここで細胞吐出率とは、適切に注射針を通過して細胞がどの程度外部に吐出されたかを表す指標を意味する。上記吸光度は、細胞が適切に注射針を通過して外部に吐出されないほど、プラスチック容器中の細胞の密度が低くするので低下する。したがって上記吸光度が低い値を示すほど、上記細胞吐出率は低くなる。結果を表8に示す。表8中、上記注射器で吸引せずにプラスチック容器に充填した局所注射剤を「対照」として示した。
表8によれば、試料81および試料83は、試料8Aに比して細胞吐出率が良好に維持されているため、優れた細胞吐出性を有することが示唆される。したがって試料81および試料83の局所注射剤は、優れた細胞吐出性を有するため、効率的に有効成分である細胞を目的部位に送達することができるものと考えられる。ただし試料83の局所注射剤は、重量平均分子量20000のゼラチン加水分解物からなる漏出抑制剤を用い、ゾル化のために50℃に加熱して調製する必要があるので、当該局所注射剤の実施は実際的ではなく、かつ細胞に対する損傷が危惧されるので不適であると判断した。
マグネティックスターラー(アズワン株式会社製)で容器内のPBSバッファー9gを200rpmで撹拌しながら、第1試験にて作製した試料1~試料3を各1g、上記容器に加えた。各試料を添加してから1、2、3分後にそれぞれ撹拌を止め、上記容器内に沈殿物が観察されるか否かを目視にて確認した。その結果、試料1は2分後、試料2は1分後にそれぞれ溶解したことが確認されたが、試料3は3分後でも大部分が沈殿物として残っていた。したがって試料1および試料2は、常温でも水系溶媒に比較的容易に溶解するため、注射剤に配合しやすいと考えられる。
Claims (10)
- 重量平均分子量5000以下のゼラチン加水分解物を含み、
前記ゼラチン加水分解物をリン酸緩衝生理食塩水に溶解し、前記ゼラチン加水分解物の濃度を40質量%とした第1溶液の25℃での粘度は、20mPa・s以下である、局所注射剤用の漏出抑制剤。 - 前記漏出抑制剤は、前記ゼラチン加水分解物からなる、請求項1に記載の漏出抑制剤。
- 前記漏出抑制剤は、23G以上37G以下の外径を有する注射針を備えた注射器に充填される局所注射剤用である、請求項1または請求項2に記載の漏出抑制剤。
- 前記漏出抑制剤は、23G以上27G以下の外径を有する注射針を備えた注射器に充填される局所注射剤用である、請求項1または請求項2に記載の漏出抑制剤。
- 請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の漏出抑制剤を含む、局所注射剤。
- 前記局所注射剤は、前記漏出抑制剤を5質量%以上40質量%以下含み、
前記局所注射剤の25℃での粘度は、2mPa・s以上20mPa・s以下である、請求項5に記載の局所注射剤。 - 前記局所注射剤は、前記漏出抑制剤を5質量%以上40質量%以下含み、
前記局所注射剤の25℃での粘度は、2mPa・s以上10mPa・s以下である、請求項5に記載の局所注射剤。 - 前記局所注射剤は、前記漏出抑制剤を5質量%以上40質量%以下含み、
前記局所注射剤の25℃での粘度は、8mPa・s以上20mPa・s以下である、請求項5に記載の局所注射剤。 - 請求項5から請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の局所注射剤の製造方法であって、
前記漏出抑制剤と水系溶媒と有効成分とを準備する工程と、
前記漏出抑制剤および前記有効成分を前記水系溶媒に1℃以上30℃以下で混合することにより局所注射剤を得る工程とを含む、局所注射剤の製造方法。 - 前記局所注射剤を得る工程は、
前記漏出抑制剤を前記水系溶媒に混合することにより第1注射剤前駆体を得た後、前記第1注射剤前駆体に前記有効成分を混合することにより局所注射剤を得る工程、または
前記有効成分を前記水系溶媒に混合することにより第2注射剤前駆体を得た後、前記第2注射剤前駆体に前記漏出抑制剤を混合することにより局所注射剤を得る工程、または
前記漏出抑制剤および前記有効成分を同時に前記水系溶媒に混合することにより局所注射剤を得る工程のいずれかである、請求項9に記載の局所注射剤の製造方法。
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