WO2023089862A1 - タマサキツヅラフジ由来アルカロイド含有製剤 - Google Patents

タマサキツヅラフジ由来アルカロイド含有製剤 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023089862A1
WO2023089862A1 PCT/JP2022/026543 JP2022026543W WO2023089862A1 WO 2023089862 A1 WO2023089862 A1 WO 2023089862A1 JP 2022026543 W JP2022026543 W JP 2022026543W WO 2023089862 A1 WO2023089862 A1 WO 2023089862A1
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Prior art keywords
alkaloid
derived
results
novel coronavirus
cepharanthine
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PCT/JP2022/026543
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
幸一 渡士
若奈 佐宗
徹 寺島
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Sawai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
National Institute of Infectious Diseases
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Sawai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
National Institute of Infectious Diseases
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Priority to JP2023562123A priority Critical patent/JP7804878B2/ja
Priority to EP22895151.3A priority patent/EP4434521A4/en
Priority to CN202280075587.5A priority patent/CN118555958A/zh
Publication of WO2023089862A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023089862A1/ja
Priority to US18/662,946 priority patent/US20240299481A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/71—Ranunculaceae (Buttercup family), e.g. larkspur, hepatica, hydrastis, columbine or goldenseal
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/4375—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a six-membered ring having nitrogen as a ring heteroatom, e.g. quinolizines, naphthyridines, berberine, vincamine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
    • A61K31/4748—Quinolines; Isoquinolines forming part of bridged ring systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/59—Menispermaceae (Moonseed family), e.g. hyperbaena or coralbead
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • One embodiment of the present invention relates to alkaloid-containing formulations derived from Rhizoma striata, and in particular, one embodiment of the present invention relates to alkaloid-containing formulations derived from Rhizome striata for the treatment of coronavirus infections. More particularly, one embodiment of the present invention relates to a formulation containing cepharanthine, isotetrandrine, cyclanine, and berbamine for the treatment of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) extracted alkaloids containing Laphimella chinensis.
  • COVID-19 novel coronavirus infection
  • coronavirus infection (COVID-19) was confirmed in Wuhan City, Hubei province, People's Republic of China in December 2019, and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. ) is an emerging infectious disease.
  • Vaccines have been developed as a method for preventing novel coronavirus infections, and at the time of the filing of this application, vaccination is progressing worldwide.
  • the main treatment method for novel coronavirus infection is only symptomatic therapy, and therapeutic drugs are being developed. However, there have been no reports of therapeutic drugs that have been confirmed to be highly effective against novel coronavirus infections.
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome which was reported in 2003, is known as a serious infectious disease caused by coronavirus, similar to the novel coronavirus infection.
  • Middle East Respiratory Syndrome 2019 caused by a coronavirus (MERS-CoV) named Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS coronavirus) was reported.
  • MERS coronavirus Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
  • Non-Patent Document 1 describes that cepharanthine, which is one of the constituents of the alkaloids extracted from Tamasakitsutsurafuji, has an antiviral effect against the SARS coronavirus.
  • Non-Patent Document 2 describes that cepharanthine and tetrandrine have an antiviral effect against the human coronavirus OC43 strain at the initial stage of cell infection.
  • Non-Patent Document 3 the inventors of the present application found that a cepharanthine (registered trademark) preparation (a preparation containing multiple alkaloids derived from cepharanthine, isotetrandrine, cyclanine and berbamine) is a novel coronavirus (SARS -CoV-2 (Wuhan strain)), and by binding Cepharanthine (registered trademark), which contains multiple alkaloids derived from Tamasaki Tsurugi, to the ACE2 binding site of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein , have been described to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 from binding to ACE2.
  • Cepharanthine registered trademark
  • Non-Patent Document 4 describes major variants (H49Y, D614G, T573I) of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 detected in Mexicans, which are one of the constituents of alkaloids extracted from Lamb's clover. Simulation results for the binding mode of cepharanthine are described.
  • the alkaloid mixture derived from Tamasakitsutsurafuji or cepharanthine which is one of the constituents thereof, can be a therapeutic agent for the new coronavirus.
  • the alkaloids derived from Tamasakitsutsurafuji and the individual components (cepharanthine, etc.) that make them are highly effective against a wide range of mutants. not done.
  • the present invention is intended to solve the above problems, and one of the objects thereof is to provide an alkaloid-containing preparation for treatment of novel coronavirus infectious disease derived from Tsubakitsutsurafuji. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide an alkaloid-containing preparation that can be used for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by novel coronavirus mutant strains.
  • a therapeutic preparation for novel coronavirus infection containing cepharanthine, isotetrandrine, cyclanine and berbamine.
  • the therapeutic preparation for novel coronavirus infection may be used for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by novel coronavirus mutations.
  • an alkaloid-containing preparation for treating novel coronavirus infection.
  • an alkaloid-containing preparation that can be widely used for the treatment of infections caused by novel coronavirus variants.
  • FIG. 1 shows the infection test results of the new coronavirus Wuhan strain according to one example of the present invention
  • (a) shows the results of alkaloid-containing preparations derived from Tamasakitsutsurafuji
  • (b) is cepharanthine
  • (c) is iso Results for tetrandrine are shown,
  • FIG. 2 shows the viability of cells treated with an alkaloid-containing preparation derived from Rhododendron dilatatum according to one example of the present invention.
  • (c) shows the results for isotetrandrine
  • (d) shows the results for cyclanine
  • (e) shows the results for berbamine.
  • FIG. 1 shows the infection test results of the new coronavirus Wuhan strain according to one example of the present invention
  • (a) shows the results of alkaloid-containing preparations derived from Tamasakitsutsuraf
  • FIG. 3 shows the infection test results of a novel coronavirus mutant strain (alpha mutant strain) according to an example of the present invention, (a) shows the results of alkaloid-containing preparations derived from Tamasaki Tsutsujira, (b) cepharanthine, (c) shows the results for isotetrandrine, (d) shows the results for cyclanine, and (e) shows the results for berbamine.
  • FIG. 4 shows the infection test results of novel coronavirus mutants (Wuhan strain, beta mutant, and gamma mutant) according to one example of the present invention.
  • alkaloid-containing preparations of the present invention derived from Tamasakitsutsurafuji will be described in detail.
  • the alkaloid-containing preparations of the present invention derived from Rhizoma cinerea should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions of the embodiments and examples shown below.
  • a therapeutic preparation for novel coronavirus infection comprises an alkaloid derived from Lamb's clover.
  • "Alkaloid derived from Cephalanthus alkaloid” means Stephania cepharantha Hayata).
  • the preparation for treating a novel coronavirus infection includes cepharanthine, isotetrandrine, cycleanine, and cycleanine represented by the following chemical formulas as alkaloids derived from Rhizoma spp. Contains Berbamine.
  • the formulation for treating novel coronavirus infection contains 19.5% to 33.5% cepharanthine, isotetran It may contain 25.0% to 39.0% dorin, 6.5% to 16.5% cyclanine, and 7.0% to 16.5% berbamine. In one embodiment, the formulation for the treatment of novel coronavirus infection contains about 85% of these four alkaloids in total when the total amount of alkaloids derived from Lamb's magnolia contained in the formulation is 100% by mass.
  • the preparation for treating novel coronavirus infection comprises, in addition to the four alkaloids described above, homoaromoline, cepharanoline, aromoline, obamegine, norcyclanine, 2-norcepharanthine, 2-norcepharanoline, 2-norberbamine, secocepharanthine, obaberine, 2-norisotetrandrine (2- bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids such as norisotetrandrine, oxyacanthin, stephibaberine, thalrugosine; sinomenine, N-methylcoccine benzylisoquinoline alkaloids such as N-methylcoclaurine; morphinan alkaloids such as FK-3000, sinomenine, cephamonine, tannagine, cephamulin; ine), isocollidine ( one or more aporphine alkaloids such as isocorydine, corydine; proapo
  • the therapeutic preparation for novel coronavirus infection may contain derivatives of these alkaloids.
  • derivatives of these alkaloids for example, acyl derivatives, alkyl derivatives, or carbamoyl derivatives in which the hydrogen atom of at least one hydroxyl group or imino group of these alkaloids is substituted with an acyl group, an alkyl group, or a carbamoyl group may be included.
  • a therapeutic preparation for novel coronavirus infection may contain 1 mg to 10 mg of the above-mentioned alkaloid derived from Lamb's mackerel.
  • the therapeutic preparation for novel coronavirus infection can be arbitrarily selected from injections, powders, granules, tablets and capsules.
  • the tablets may be uncoated tablets or film-coated tablets.
  • the therapeutic preparation for novel coronavirus infection can contain one or more pharmaceutically acceptable additives, depending on the dosage form, in addition to the above alkaloids derived from Lamb's magnolia.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable additives for example, excipients, disintegrants, lubricants, electrolytes, pH adjusters, preservatives and the like can be selected depending on the dosage form.
  • Cepharanthin (registered trademark) (Kaken Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) can be used as a therapeutic preparation for novel coronavirus infection.
  • Cepharanthin (registered trademark) Note 10 g marketed by Kaken Shoyaku Co., Ltd. may be used.
  • Cepharanthin (registered trademark) powder 1% which is marketed by Kaken Shoyaku Co., Ltd.
  • Cepharanthin (registered trademark) tablets 1 mg marketed by Kaken Shoyaku Co., Ltd. may be used as tablets.
  • the therapeutic preparation for novel coronavirus infection when the therapeutic preparation for novel coronavirus infection is an injection, it may be administered to an adult by intravenous injection of 1 mg to 10 mg once a day to twice a week. good. In one embodiment, when the therapeutic preparation for novel coronavirus infection is a powder or tablet, 1.5 mg to 6 mg per day is orally administered to adults after meals in 2 to 3 divided doses. may
  • the novel coronavirus infectious disease therapeutic preparation according to this embodiment can be used to treat infectious diseases caused by novel coronavirus mutant strains.
  • cepharanthine binds to the ACE2-binding site of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, thereby inhibiting the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2. It is presumed that the effect is exhibited.
  • spike protein is prone to mutation, and that mutation in spike protein affects the efficacy of vaccines.
  • the preparation for treatment of novel coronavirus infection according to the present embodiment which is a mixture of a plurality of Alkaloids extracted from Tamasaki Tsutsurugi, has an antiviral effect against the novel coronavirus and its mutant strains.
  • the alkaloids derived from Rhizoma striata according to the present invention can be extracted from Rhizome striata by a known method.
  • a known method For example, an extract obtained by concentrating the extract of Rhizophyta japonicum, a precipitate formed when an acidic solution of this extract is made alkaline, an alkaloid-containing fraction separated from this, or obtained by separation and purification by a known method. Crystals, derivatives of alkaloids produced by known methods, and the like can be used.
  • Rhododendron dilatatum rhizome, stem, seed, leaf, etc.
  • the extract is extracted with a solvent such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate or benzene, and the extract is concentrated.
  • a solvent such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate or benzene
  • the resulting concentrate is dissolved in an acidic aqueous solution such as dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid, aqueous citric acid solution or aqueous oxalic acid solution, the solution is made alkaline and the resulting precipitate is collected to separate the alkaloid fraction.
  • the obtained fraction may be further purified by known means such as various chromatography and recrystallization.
  • any formulation selected from injections, powders, granules, tablets, and capsules can be prepared by a known manufacturing method.
  • alkaloid-containing preparations derived from Tamasakitsutsurafuji according to the above-described embodiment will be further described with reference to examples.
  • the alkaloid-containing preparations of the present invention derived from Lamb's magnolia are not limited to the following examples.
  • Example 1 As Example 1, the four main alkaloids contained in the alkaloid-containing preparations of the present invention and the alkaloid-containing preparations derived from Rhubarb japonicum, cepharanthine, isotetrandrine, cyclanine and berbamine, were tested against the novel coronavirus. Antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan strain) were evaluated. Cepharanthin (registered trademark) (Kaken Shoyaku Co., Ltd.) was used as an alkaloid-containing preparation derived from Lamb's magnolia. In addition, cepharanthine, isotetrandrine, cyclanine and berbamine were separated and purified from alkaloid-containing preparations derived from Lamb's clover.
  • VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells were added with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Cell Culture Bioscience), 100 units/ml penicillin, 100 ⁇ g/ml streptomycin, 10 mM HEPES (pH 7.4) and 1 mg/ml G418 disulfate (Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd.) was added to Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM, Life Technologies) and cultured at 37° C. in a 5% CO 2 atmosphere. In the infection studies, it was changed to 2% FBS and no G418 disulfate was added.
  • FBS fetal bovine serum
  • penicillin 100 ⁇ g/ml streptomycin
  • 10 mM HEPES pH 7.44%
  • G418 disulfate Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd.
  • VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells were infected with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Wk-521 strain (Wuhan strain) isolated from the patient at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.003 for 1 hour.
  • MOI multiplicity of infection
  • an alkaloid-containing preparation derived from Rhizoma strife, cepharanthine, isotetrandrine, cyclanine or berbamine was added to the medium. Cells were washed to remove virus that did not bind to cells.
  • the cells were cultured for 24 hours, and the novel coronavirus Wuhan strain-derived RNA contained in the culture supernatant was extracted using MagMax Viral/Pathogen II Nucleic Acid Isolation kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The extracted RNA was quantified by real-time RT-PCR method. The results of RNA quantification are shown in FIGS. 1(a) to 1(e).
  • VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells were cultured for 24 hours by adding alkaloid-containing preparations derived from Tamasakitsutsurafuji, cepharanthine, isotetrandrine, cyclanine, or berbamine to the medium, and the cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and the nuclei were stained with DAPI. bottom. After that, the viable cell count was measured using ImageXpress Micro Confocal (Molecular Devices). The measurement results of cell viability are shown in FIGS. 2(a) to 2(e).
  • FIG. 1(a) shows the results of alkaloid-containing preparations derived from Rhizoma spp.
  • FIG. 1(b) shows the results of cepharanthine
  • FIG. 1(c) shows the results of isotetrandrine
  • FIG. d) shows the results for cyclanine
  • FIG. 1(e) shows the results for berbamine.
  • FIG. 2(a) shows the results of alkaloid-containing preparations derived from Rhizoma cinerea
  • FIG. 2(b) shows the results of cepharanthine
  • FIG. 2(c) shows the results of isotetrandrine
  • FIG. d) shows the results for cyclanine
  • FIG. 2(e) shows the results for berbamine. From the results of FIGS. 2(a) to 2(e), the higher the concentration of alkaloid-containing preparations derived from Tamasakitsutsurafuji, cepharanthine, isotetrandrine, cyclanine and berbamine, the lower the number of surviving cells. It was clarified that alkaloid-containing preparations derived from Lamb's masaki and these alkaloids exhibit cytotoxic effects.
  • Example 2 As Example 2, the same method as in Example 1 was used for the alkaloid-containing preparation derived from Rhizoma spp., and cepharanthine, isotetrandrine, cyclanine, and berbamine according to the present invention. Viral action was assessed. The results of RNA quantification are shown in FIGS. 3(a) to 3(e).
  • FIG. 3(a) shows the results of the alkaloid-containing preparations derived from Rhizoma spp.
  • FIG. 3(b) shows the results of cepharanthine
  • FIG. 3(c) shows the results of isotetrandrine
  • FIG. d) shows the results for cyclanine
  • FIG. 3(e) shows the results for berbamine. From the results of FIGS.
  • cepharanthine, isotetrandrine, and cyclanine exhibit the same antiviral activity against novel coronavirus mutant strains (alpha mutant strains) as the alkaloid-containing preparations derived from Rhizoma laphinum.
  • berbamine has a weaker antiviral effect on novel coronavirus mutant strains (alpha mutant strains) than other alkaloids.
  • Example 3 As Example 3, the antiviral activity against novel coronavirus mutant strains (gamma mutant strains) was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 for the alkaloid-containing preparations of the present invention derived from Rhizoma cinerea.
  • Example 4 As Example 4, the antiviral activity against novel coronavirus mutant strains (beta mutant strains) was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 with respect to the alkaloid-containing preparations of the present invention derived from Rhizoma cinerea.
  • Examples 3 and 4 are shown in FIG. From the results of FIG. 4, when the concentration of alkaloid-containing preparations derived from Tamasakitsutsutsurugi-derived alkaloids was increased, the amount of viral RNA of the new coronavirus mutant strain (gamma mutant strain) and the new coronavirus mutant strain (beta mutant strain) decreased. , It was found that alkaloid-containing preparations derived from Rhizoma cinerea show antiviral effects on novel coronavirus mutant strains (gamma mutant strains) and novel coronavirus mutant strains (beta mutant strains).
  • the alkaloid-containing preparations derived from Tamasakitsutsurafuji according to the present invention are not only the new coronavirus Wuhan strain, but also the new coronavirus mutants (alpha mutants, beta mutants and gamma mutants). However, it was found that the antiviral effect was also exhibited.

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PCT/JP2022/026543 2021-11-17 2022-07-04 タマサキツヅラフジ由来アルカロイド含有製剤 Ceased WO2023089862A1 (ja)

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JP2023562123A JP7804878B2 (ja) 2021-11-17 2022-07-04 タマサキツヅラフジ由来アルカロイド含有製剤
EP22895151.3A EP4434521A4 (en) 2021-11-17 2022-07-04 PREPARATION CONTAINING AN ALKALOID DERIVED FROM STEPHANIA CEPHALANTHA
CN202280075587.5A CN118555958A (zh) 2021-11-17 2022-07-04 含有来自金线吊乌龟的生物碱的制剂
US18/662,946 US20240299481A1 (en) 2021-11-17 2024-05-13 Stephania cepharantha-derived alkaloid-containing preparation

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WO2021230340A1 (ja) * 2020-05-14 2021-11-18 興和株式会社 新規吸入剤

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WO2021230340A1 (ja) * 2020-05-14 2021-11-18 興和株式会社 新規吸入剤

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Title
DONG EON KIM: "Natural BisBenzylisoquinoline Alkaloids-Tetrandrine, Fangchinoline, and Cepharanthine, Inhibit Human Coronavirus OC43 Infection of MRC-5 Human Lung Cells", BIOMOLECULES, vol. 9, no. 11, 4 November 2019 (2019-11-04), pages 696, XP055737811, DOI: 10.3390/biom9110696
HE CHANG-LONG, HUANG LU-YI, WANG KAI, GU CHEN-JIAN, HU JIE, ZHANG GUI-JI, XU WEI, XIE YOU-HUA, TANG NI, HUANG AI-LONG: "Identification of bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids as SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors from a library of natural products", SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY, vol. 6, no. 1, 23 March 2021 (2021-03-23), pages 131, XP093068077, DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00531-5 *
HIROFUMI OHASHI: "Potential anti-COVID-19 agents, Cepharanthine and Nelfinavir, and their usage for combination treatment", ISCIENCE, 26 March 2021 (2021-03-26), pages 102367
OHASHI HIROFUMI, WATASHI KOICHI, SASO WAKANA, SHIONOYA KAHO, IWANAMI SHOYA, HIROKAWA TAKATSUGU, SHIRAI TSUYOSHI, KANAYA SHIGEHIKO,: "Multidrug treatment with nelfinavir and cepharanthine against COVID-19", BIORXIV, 15 April 2020 (2020-04-15), pages 1 - 16, XP055960049, DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.14.039925 *
See also references of EP4434521A4
YUDIBETH SIXTO-LOPEZ: "Structural insights into SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its natural mutants found in Mexican population", SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, vol. 11, 25 February 2021 (2021-02-25), pages 1 - 16
ZHANG CHUAN-HAI: "Antiviral activity of cepharanthine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in vitro", CHIN MED J (ENGL, vol. 118, no. 6, 20 March 2005 (2005-03-20), pages 493 - 6

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JP7804878B2 (ja) 2026-01-23
EP4434521A1 (en) 2024-09-25
JPWO2023089862A1 (https=) 2023-05-25
TW202320775A (zh) 2023-06-01
EP4434521A4 (en) 2025-11-05
CN118555958A (zh) 2024-08-27

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