WO2023088418A1 - Composés utilisés en tant qu'inhibiteurs de sars-cov-2 - Google Patents

Composés utilisés en tant qu'inhibiteurs de sars-cov-2 Download PDF

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WO2023088418A1
WO2023088418A1 PCT/CN2022/132823 CN2022132823W WO2023088418A1 WO 2023088418 A1 WO2023088418 A1 WO 2023088418A1 CN 2022132823 W CN2022132823 W CN 2022132823W WO 2023088418 A1 WO2023088418 A1 WO 2023088418A1
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alkyl
cycloalkyl
independently selected
aryl
heteroaryl
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PCT/CN2022/132823
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English (en)
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Chengxi HE
Hua Xu
Jinhua Yu
Qihong Liu
Yangli QI
Zhuo HUANG
Lihua Jiang
Shu Lin
Xingdong ZHAO
Weibo Wang
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Fochon Biosciences, Ltd.
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Publication of WO2023088418A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023088418A1/fr

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    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
    • A61K31/4025—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. cromakalim
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
    • A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
    • A61K31/4035—Isoindoles, e.g. phthalimide
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    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/415—1,2-Diazoles
    • A61K31/4155—1,2-Diazoles non condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
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    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/425—Thiazoles
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    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/438—The ring being spiro-condensed with carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring systems
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    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
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    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
    • A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/454—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pimozide, domperidone
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    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
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    • C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
    • C07D209/52—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring condensed with a ring other than six-membered
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    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
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    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing three or more hetero rings
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    • C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K5/06—Dipeptides
    • C07K5/06008—Dipeptides with the first amino acid being neutral
    • C07K5/06017—Dipeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic
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    • C07K5/06008—Dipeptides with the first amino acid being neutral
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    • C07K5/06034—Dipeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic the side chain containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms
    • C07K5/06043—Leu-amino acid
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    • C07K5/06—Dipeptides
    • C07K5/06008—Dipeptides with the first amino acid being neutral
    • C07K5/06017—Dipeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic
    • C07K5/06034—Dipeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic the side chain containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms
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Definitions

  • Certain compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof which can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and their drug-resistant mutations, and may be useful for the treatment of respiratory tract infections and related diseases.
  • COVID-19 The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing pandemic that remains a global public health crisis. As of November 2021, there has been more than 250 million COVID-19 cases and more than 5 million deaths according to the Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center (https: //coronavirus. jhu. edu/map. html) .
  • COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) , a coronavirus of the Betacoronavirus genus.
  • SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
  • SARS-CoV-2 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
  • SARS-CoV-2 is capable of affecting multiple organs and the central nervous system besides the respiratory system (Banerjee et al., Drug Discov Today 2020 26 (3) 804-816; Ghosh et al., ChemMedChem 2020, 15, 907-932) .
  • SARS-CoV-2 encodes non-structural proteins such as the 3-chymotrypsin like protease (3CL pro , also named COV main protease, M pro ) and papain-like protease (PL pro ) .
  • SARS-CoV-2 relies on the two aforementioned proteases to replicate, which processes the replicase polyproteins.
  • 3CL pro cleaves the replicase polyprotein at 11 sites and releases 12 non-structural proteins essential to viral replication and assembly (Banerjee et. Al., 2020; Faheem et al., Bioorganic Chem 104 (2020) ; Ghosh et al., 2020) .
  • SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro is a cysteine protease with homodimer as its active form.
  • Each monomer has three domains, domain I (residues 8-101) , II (residues 102-184) , and III (residues 201-303) , with a long loop region (resides 185-200) connecting domains II and III.
  • the substrate binding site is located between domain I and domain II and contains the catalytic dyad Cys 144 -His 41 (Ghosh et al., 2020) .
  • SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro is highly similar to SARS-CoV 3CL pro , which shares a 96%sequence identity. All residues potentially interacting with substrates in the active site of SARS-CoV 3CL pro is conserved in SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro , whereas six variations in the amino acid sequence is found compared to MERS-CoV 3CL pro (Discov Today 2020 26 (3) 804-816; Ghosh et al., 2020) . In contrast, the cleavage recognition site of coronavirus 3CL pro is unique and not found in human (Faheem et al., 2020) . Therefore, targeting 3CL pro is a valid strategy to develop pan-coronavirus antivirals efficacious against SARS-CoV-2.
  • each R’ is independently selected from halogen and C 1-10 alkyl, wherein alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R 4 , wherein,
  • R’ is C 1-10 alkyl
  • alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R 4 , and any two R’ on adjacent atoms of the ring together with the atoms to which they are attached can form a C 3-10 cycloalkyl or heterocyclic ring of 4 to 12 members containing 0, 1 or 2 additional heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus, and optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 R 4 groups;
  • R 3 together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C 3-10 cycloalkyl or heterocyclic ring of 4 to 12 members containing 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus, and optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 R X3 groups;
  • R 4 together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C 3-10 cycloalkyl or heterocyclic ring of 4 to 12 members containing 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus, and optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 R X4 groups;
  • each R A and R B are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 2-10 alkynyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-10 alkoxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyl-C 1-4 alkyl, aryl, aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, heteroaryl, and heteroaryl-C 1-4 alkyl, wherein alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R 3 ;
  • each R A1 and R B1 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 2-10 alkynyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-10 alkoxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyl-C 1-4 alkyl, aryl, aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, heteroaryl, and heteroaryl-C 1-4 alkyl, wherein alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R X1 ;
  • each R A2 and R B2 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 2-10 alkynyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-10 alkoxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyl-C 1-4 alkyl, aryl, aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, heteroaryl, and heteroaryl-C 1-4 alkyl, wherein alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R X2 ;
  • each R A3 and R B3 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 2-10 alkynyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-10 alkoxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyl-C 1-4 alkyl, aryl, aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, heteroaryl, and heteroaryl-C 1-4 alkyl, wherein alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R X3 ;
  • each R A4 and R B4 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 2-10 alkynyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-10 alkoxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyl-C 1-4 alkyl, aryl, aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, heteroaryl, and heteroaryl-C 1-4 alkyl, wherein alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R X4 ;
  • each R E , R E1 , R E2 , R E3 and R E4 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-10 alkyl, CN, NO 2 , -OR a1 , -SR a1 , -S (O) r R a1 , -C (O) R a1 , -C (O) OR a1 , -C (O) NR a1 R b1 and -S (O) r NR a1 R b1 , wherein alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R X1 ;
  • each R a1 and each R b1 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 2- 10 alkynyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyl-C 1-4 alkyl, aryl, aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, heteroaryl and heteroaryl-C 1-4 alkyl, wherein alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R Y ;
  • R a1 and R b1 together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form a heterocyclic ring of 4 to 12 members containing 0, 1 or 2 additional heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus, and optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 R Y groups;
  • each R c1 and each R d1 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 2-10 alkynyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyl-C 1-4 alkyl, aryl, aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, heteroaryl and heteroaryl-C 1-4 alkyl, wherein alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R Y ;
  • R c1 and R d1 together with the carbon atom (s) to which they are attached form a ring of 3 to 12 members containing 0, 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, and optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 R Y groups;
  • each R e1 is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, CN, NO 2 , -OR a2 , -SR a2 , -S (O) r R a2 , -C (O) R a2 , -C (O) OR a2 , -S (O) r NR a2 R b2 and - C (O) NR a2 R b2 ;
  • each R a2 and each R b2 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 2- 10 alkynyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-10 alkoxy, C 3-10 cycloalkoxy, C 1-10 alkylthio, C 3-10 cycloalkylthio, C 1-10 alkylamino, C 3-10 cycloalkylamino, di (C 1-10 alkyl) amino, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyl-C 1-4 alkyl, aryl, aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, heteroaryl and heteroaryl-C 1-4 alkyl, wherein alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, alkylthio, cycloalkylthio, alkylamino, cycloalkylamino, heterocyclyl
  • R a2 and R b2 together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form a heterocyclic ring of 4 to 12 members containing 0, 1 or 2 additional heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus, and optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents, independently selected from halogen, CN, C 1-10 alkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 2-10 alkynyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, OH, C 1-10 alkoxy, C 3-10 cycloalkoxy, C 1-10 alkylthio, C 3-10 cycloalkylthio, amino, C 1-10 alkylamino, C 3-10 cycloalkylamino and di (C 1-10 alkyl) amino;
  • each R c2 and each R d2 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 2-10 alkynyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-10 alkoxy, C 3-10 cycloalkoxy, C 1-10 alkylthio, C 3-10 cycloalkylthio, C 1-10 alkylamino, C 3-10 cycloalkylamino, di (C 1-10 alkyl) amino, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyl-C 1-4 alkyl, aryl, aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, heteroaryl and heteroaryl-C 1-4 alkyl, wherein alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, alkylthio, cycloalkylthio, alkylamino, cycloalkylamino,
  • R c2 and R d2 together with the carbon atom (s) to which they are attached form a ring of 3 to 12 members containing 0, 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, and optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents, independently selected from halogen, CN, C 1-10 alkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 2-10 alkynyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, OH, C 1-10 alkoxy, C 3-10 cycloalkoxy, C 1-10 alkylthio, C 3-10 cycloalkylthio, amino, C 1-10 alkylamino, C 3-10 cycloalkylamino and di (C 1-10 alkyl) amino;
  • each R e2 is independently selected from hydrogen, CN, NO 2 , C 1-10 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-10 alkoxy, C 3-10 cycloalkoxy, -C (O) C 1-4 alkyl, -C (O) C 3-10 cycloalkyl, -C (O) OC 1-4 alkyl, -C (O) OC 3-10 cycloalkyl, -C (O) N (C 1-4 alkyl) 2 , -C (O) N (C 3-10 cycloalkyl) 2 , -S (O) 2 C 1- 4 alkyl, -S (O) 2 C 3-10 cycloalkyl, -S (O) 2 N (C 1-4 alkyl) 2 and -S (O) 2 N (C 3-10 cycloalkyl) 2 ;
  • n, p and q are independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4;
  • n is selected from 1, 2, 3 and 4;
  • each r is independently selected from 0, 1 and 2;
  • each t is independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4;
  • each u is independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4.
  • each R’ is independently selected from halogen and C 1-10 alkyl, wherein,
  • R’ when R’ is C 1-10 alkyl, any two R’ on adjacent atoms of the ring together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C 3-10 cycloalkyl or heterocyclic ring of 4 to 12 members containing 0, 1 or 2 additional heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus, and optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 R 4 groups.
  • n1 and p are independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4, and R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are as defined in formula (I) .
  • compositions comprising a compound of formula (I) or at least one pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • a method to treat, ameliorate or prevent a condition which responds to inhibition of protease of SARS-CoV-2 comprising administering to a system or subject in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and optionally in combination with a second therapeutic agent, thereby treating said condition.
  • the present disclosure provides the use of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a condition mediated by protease of SARS-CoV-2.
  • the compounds of the disclosure may be used alone or in combination with a second therapeutic agent to treat a condition mediated by protease of SARS-CoV-2.
  • a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for treating a condition mediated by protease of SARS-CoV-2 or 3C/3CL protease is disclosed.
  • the condition herein includes but not limited to, respiratory tract infections and related diseases.
  • the new antiviral agents that have at least one advantageous property selected from solubility, drug-drug interactions, potency, stability, selectivity, toxicity, drug resistance, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties as an alternative for the treatment of espiratory tract infections and related diseases.
  • the disclosure provides methods for treating a respiratory tract infections and related diseases, comprising administering to a system or subject in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and optionally in combination with a second therapeutic agent, thereby treating said condition.
  • the present disclosure provides the use of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a respiratory tract infections and related diseases.
  • the compounds of the disclosure may be used alone or in combination with a chemotherapeutic agent to treat respiratory tract infections and related diseases.
  • the respiratory tract infections and related diseases disclosed herein includes but not limited to, coronaviruses (CoV) , picornavirus, and/or Hepeviridae virus infection, preventing a coronavirus, picornavirus, or Hepeviridae virus infection, or reducing the biological activity of an infection with a coronavirus, picornavirus, or Hepeviridae virus.
  • coronaviruses CoV
  • picornavirus and/or Hepeviridae virus infection
  • preventing a coronavirus, picornavirus, or Hepeviridae virus infection or reducing the biological activity of an infection with a coronavirus, picornavirus, or Hepeviridae virus.
  • a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be administered to a system comprising cells or tissues, or to a subject including a mammalian subject such as a human or animal subject.
  • substituent groups are specified by their conventional chemical formulas, written from left to right, they equally encompass the chemically identical substituents that would result from writing the structure from right to left.
  • CH 2 O is equivalent to OCH 2 .
  • substituted means that a hydrogen atom is replaced by a substituent. It is to be understood that substitution at a given atom is limited by valency.
  • C i-j or “i-j membered” used herein means that the moiety has i-j carbon atoms or i-j atoms.
  • C 1-6 alkyl means said alkyl has 1-6 carbon atoms.
  • C 3-10 cycloalkyl means said cycloalkyl has 3-10 carbon atoms.
  • hydrogen refers to 1 H, 2 H and 3 H.
  • each R n or each R Xn is selected independently.
  • any variable e.g. R
  • R any variable
  • the group may be optionally substituted by at most two R and R has independent option at each case.
  • a combination of substituents and/or the variants thereof are allowed only if such a combination will result in a stable compound.
  • hetero means heteroatom or heteroatom radical (i.e. a radical containing heteroatom) , i.e. the atoms beyond carbon and hydrogen atoms or the radical containing such atoms.
  • the heteroatom (s) is independently selected from the group consisting of O, N, S, P and the like.
  • the two or more heteroatoms may be the same, or part or all of the two or more heteroatoms may be different.
  • alkyl refers to branched or straight-chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms. Unless otherwise specified, “alkyl” refers to C l-10 alkyl. For example, C 1-6 , as in “C l-6 alkyl” is defined to include groups having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbons in a linear or branched arrangement.
  • C l-8 alkyl includes but is not limited to methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, i-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, and octyl.
  • cycloalkyl employed alone or in combination with other terms, refers to a saturated monocyclic or multicyclic (e.g. bicyclic or tricyclic) hydrocarbon ring system, usually with 3 to 16 ring atoms.
  • the ring atoms of cycloalkyl are all carbon and the cycloalkyl contains zero heteroatoms and zero double bonds.
  • two or more rings can be fused or bridged or spiro together.
  • monocyclic ring systems include but are not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl.
  • the bridged cycloalkyl is a polycyclic ring system containing 3-10 carbon atoms, which contains one or two alkylene bridges, each alkylene bridge consisting of one, two, or three carbon atoms, each linking two non-adjacent carbon atoms of the ring system.
  • Cycloalkyl can be fused with aryl or heteroaryl group. In some embodiments, cycloalkyl is benzocondensed.
  • bridged cycloalkyl ring systems include, but are not limited to, bicyclo [1.1.1] pentane, bicyclo [3.1.1] heptane, bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, bicyclo [2.2.2] octane, bicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, bicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, bicyclo [4.2.1] nonane, tricyclo [3.3.1.03, 7] nonane and tricyclo [3.3.1.13, 7] decane (adamantane) .
  • the cycloalkyl can be attached to the parent molecular moiety through any substitutable atom contained within the ring system.
  • alkenyl refers to a non-aromatic hydrocarbon radical, straight, branched or cyclic, containing 2-10 carbon atoms and at least one carbon to carbon double bond.
  • the cyclic refers to monocyclic or multicyclic. In a multicyclic alkenyl, two or more rings can be fused or bridged or spiro together. In some embodiments, one carbon to carbon double bond is present, and up to four non-aromatic carbon-carbon double bonds may be present.
  • C 2-6 alkenyl means an alkenyl radical having 2-6 carbon atoms.
  • Alkenyl groups include but are not limited to ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, 2-methylbutenyl, cyclopentenyl and cyclohexenyl.
  • the straight, branched or cyclic portion of the alkenyl group may contain double bonds and may be substituted if a substituted alkenyl group is indicated.
  • alkynyl refers to a hydrocarbon radical, straight, branched or cyclic, containing 2-10 carbon atoms and at least one carbon to carbon triple bond. In some embodiments, up to three carbon-carbon triple bonds may be present.
  • C 2-6 alkynyl means an alkynyl radical having 2-6 carbon atoms.
  • Alkynyl groups include but are not limited to ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, and 3-methylbutynyl.
  • the straight, branched or cyclic portion of the alkynyl group may contain triple bonds and may be substituted if a substituted alkynyl group is indicated.
  • halogen refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
  • alkoxy refers to an alkyl as defined above, which is single bonded to an oxygen atom. The attachment point of an alkoxy radical to a molecule is through the oxygen atom. An alkoxy radical may be depicted as -O-alkyl.
  • C 1-10 alkoxy refers to an alkoxy radical containing 1-10 carbon atoms, having straight or branched moieties. Alkoxy group includes but is not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, and the like.
  • cycloalkoxy refers to cycloalkyl as defined above, which is single bonded to an oxygen atom. The attachment point of a cycloalkoxy radical to a molecule is through the oxygen atom. A cycloalkoxy radical may be depicted as -O-cycloalkyl. “C 3-10 cycloalkoxy” refers to a cycloalkoxy radical containing 3-10 carbon atoms. Cycloalkoxy can be fused with aryl or heteroaryl group. In some embodiments, cycloalkoxy is benzocondensed. Cycloalkoxy group includes but is not limited to, cyclopropoxy, cyclobutoxy, cyclopentyloxy, cyclohexyloxy, and the like.
  • alkylthio refers to an alkyl radical as defined above, which is single bonded to a sulfur atom. The attachment point of an alkylthio radical to a molecule is through the sulfur atom. An alkylthio radical may be depicted as -S-alkyl.
  • C 1-10 alkylthio refers to an alkylthio radical containing 1-10 carbon atoms, having straight or branched moieties.
  • Alkylthio group includes but is not limited to, methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, isopropylthio, butylthio, hexylthio, and the like.
  • cycloalkylthio employed alone or in combination with other terms, refers to cycloalkyl as defined above, which is single bonded to a sulfur atom. The attachment point of a cycloalkylthio radical to a molecule is through the sulfur atom. A cycloalkylthio radical may be depicted as -S-cycloalkyl. “C 3-10 cycloalkylthio” refers to a cycloalkylthio radical containing 3-10 carbon atoms. Cycloalkylthio can be fused with aryl or heteroaryl group. In some embodiments, cycloalkylthio is benzocondensed. Cycloalkylthio group includes but is not limited to, cyclopropylthio, cyclobutylthio, cyclohexylthio, and the like.
  • alkylamino refers to an alkyl as defined above, which is single bonded to a nitrogen atom. The attachment point of an alkylamino radical to a molecule is through the nitrogen atom. An alkylamino radical may be depicted as -NH (alkyl) .
  • C 1-10 alkylamino refers to an alkylamino radical containing 1-10 carbon atoms, having straight or branched moieties.
  • Alkylamino group includes but is not limited to, methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, isopropylamino, butylamino, hexylamoino, and the like.
  • cycloalkylamino employed alone or in combination with other terms, refers to cycloalkyl as defined above, which is single bonded to a nitrogen atom. The attachment point of a cycloalkylamino radical to a molecule is through the nitrogen atom.
  • a cycloalkylamino radical may be depicted as -NH (cycloalkyl) .
  • C 3-10 cycloalkylamino refers to a cycloalkylamino radical containing 3-10 carbon atoms.
  • Cycloalkylamino can be fused with aryl or heteroaryl group. In some embodiments, cycloalkylamino is benzocondensed. Cycloalkylamino group includes but is not limited to, cyclopropylamino, cyclobutylamino, cyclohexylamino, and the like.
  • di (alkyl) amino refers to two alkyl as defined above, which are single bonded to a nitrogen atom.
  • the attachment point of an di (alkyl) amino radical to a molecule is through the nitrogen atom.
  • a di (alkyl) amino radical may be depicted as -N (alkyl) 2 .
  • di (C 1-10 alkyl) amino refers to a di (C 1-10 alkyl) amino radical wherein the alkyl radicals each independently contains 1-10 carbon atoms, having straight or branched moieties.
  • aryl refers to a monovalent, monocyclic-, bicyclic-or tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring system having 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14 carbon atoms (a “C 6-14 aryl” group) , particularly a ring having 6 carbon atoms (a“C 6 aryl” group) , e.g. a phenyl group; or a ring having 10 carbon atoms (a “C 10 aryl” group) , e.g. a naphthyl group; or a ring having 14 carbon atoms, (a “C 14 aryl” group) , e.g. an anthranyl group.
  • Aryl can be fused with cycloalkyl or heterocycle group.
  • Bivalent radicals formed from substituted benzene derivatives and having the free valences at ring atoms are named as substituted phenylene radicals.
  • Bivalent radicals derived from univalent polycyclic hydrocarbon radicals whose names end in “-yl” by removal of one hydrogen atom from the carbon atom with the free valence are named by removing “-yl” and adding “-idene” to the name of the corresponding univalent radical, e.g., a naphthyl group with two points of attachment is termed naphthylidene.
  • heteroaryl refers to a monovalent, monocyclic-, bicyclic-or tricyclic aromatic ring system having 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14 ring atoms (a “5-to 14-membered heteroaryl” group) , particularly 5 or 6 or 9 or 10 atoms, and which contains at least one heteroatom which may be identical or different, said heteroatom selected from N, O and S.
  • Heteroaryl can be fused with cycloalkyl or heterocycle group.
  • “heteroaryl” refers to
  • a 5-to 8-membered monocyclic aromatic ring containing one or more, for example, from 1 to 4, or, in some embodiments, from 1 to 3, heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, with the remaining ring atoms being carbon; or
  • a 8-to 12-membered bicyclic aromatic ring system containing one or more, for example, from 1 to 6, or, in some embodiments, from 1 to 4, or, in some embodiments, from 1 to 3, heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, with the remaining ring atoms being carbon; or
  • a 11-to 14-membered tricyclic aromatic ring system containing one or more, for example, from 1 to 8, or, in some embodiments, from 1 to 6, or, in some embodiments, from 1 to 4, or in some embodiments, from 1 to 3, heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, with the remaining ring atoms being carbon.
  • the total number of S and O atoms in the heteroaryl group exceeds 1, those heteroatoms are not adjacent to one another. In some embodiments, the total number of S and O atoms in the heteroaryl group is not more than 2. In some embodiments, the total number of S and O atoms in the aromatic heterocycle is not more than 1.
  • heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, pyrid-2-yl, pyrid-3-yl, pyrid-4-yl, pyrazin-2-yl, pyrazin-3-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, pyrimidin-5-yl, pyrimidin-6-yl, pyrazol-1-yl, pyrazol-3-yl, pyrazol-4-yl, pyrazol-5-yl, imidazol-1-yl, imidazol-2-yl, imidazol-4-yl, imidazol-5-yl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thienyl, furyl.
  • heteroaryl groups include but are not limited to indolyl, benzothienyl, benzofuryl, benzoimidazolyl, benzotriazolyl, quinoxalinyl, quinolinyl, and isoquinolinyl.
  • Heteroaryl is also understood to include the N-oxide derivative of any nitrogen-containing heteroaryl.
  • Bivalent radicals derived from univalent heteroaryl radicals whose names end in “-yl” by removal of one hydrogen atom from the atom with the free valence are named by adding “-idene” to the name of the corresponding univalent radical, e.g., a pyridyl group with two points of attachment is a pyridylidene.
  • heterocycle employed alone or in combination with other terms, (and variations thereof such as “heterocyclic” , or “heterocyclyl” ) broadly refers to a saturated or unsaturated mono-or multicyclic (e.g. bicyclic or tricyclic) aliphatic ring system, usually with 3 to 16 ring atoms, wherein at least one (e.g. 2, 3 or 4) ring atom is heteroatom independently selected from O, S, N and P (preferably O, S, N) .
  • two or more rings can be fused or bridged or spiro together.
  • Heterocycle can be fused with aryl or heteroaryl group.
  • heterocycle is benzocondensed.
  • Heterocycle also includes ring systems substituted with one or more oxo or imino moieties.
  • the C, N, S and P atoms in the heterocycle ring are optionally substituted by oxo.
  • the C, S and P atoms in the heterocycle ring are optionally substituted by imino, and imino can be unsubstituted or substituted.
  • the point of the attachment may be carbon atom or heteroatom in the heterocyclic ring, provided that attachment results in the creation of a stable structure.
  • the heterocyclic ring has substituents, it is understood that the substituents may be attached to any atom in the ring, whether a heteroatom or a carbon atom, provided that a stable chemical structure result.
  • Suitable heterocycles include, for example, pyrrolidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl, pyrrolidin-3-yl, imidazolidin-1-yl, imidazolidin-2-yl, imidazolidin-3-yl, imidazolidin-4-yl, imidazolidin-5-yl, pyrazolidin-1-yl, pyrazolidin-2-yl, pyrazolidin-3-yl, pyrazolidin-4-yl, pyrazolidin-5-yl, piperidin-1-yl, piperidin-2-yl, piperidin-3-yl, piperidin-4-yl, piperazin-1-yl, piperazin-2-yl, piperazin-3-yl, hexahydropyridazin-1-yl, hexahydropyridazin-3-yl, hexahydropyridazin-4-yl and tetrahydropyridy
  • Morpholinyl groups are also contemplated, such as morpholin-1-yl, morpholin-2-yl, morpholin-3-yl and morpholin-4-yl.
  • heterocycle with one or more oxo moieties include but are not limited to, piperidinyl N-oxide, morpholinyl-N-oxide, 1-oxo-thiomorpholinyl and 1, 1-dioxo-thiomorpholinyl.
  • Bicyclic heterocycles include, for example:
  • aryl-alkyl refers to an alkyl moiety as defined above substituted by an aryl group as defined above.
  • exemplary aryl-alkyl groups include but are not limited to benzyl, phenethyl and naphthylmethyl groups. In some embodiments, aryl-alkyl groups have 7-20 or 7-11 carbon atoms.
  • C 1-4 refers to the alkyl portion of the moiety and does not describe the number of atoms in the aryl portion of the moiety.
  • heterocyclyl-alkyl refers to alkyl as defined above substituted by heterocyclyl as defined above.
  • C 1-4 alkyl refers to the alkyl portion of the moiety and does not describe the number of atoms in the heterocyclyl portion of the moiety.
  • cycloalkyl-alkyl refers to alkyl as defined above substituted by cycloalkyl as defined above.
  • C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C l-4 alkyl refers to the cycloalkyl portion of the moiety and does not describe the number of atoms in the alkyl portion of the moiety
  • C 1-4 refers to the alkyl portion of the moiety and does not describe the number of atoms in the cycloalkyl portion of the moiety.
  • heteroaryl-alkyl refers to alkyl as defined above substituted by heteroaryl as defined above.
  • C 1-4 refers to the alkyl portion of the moiety and does not describe the number of atoms in the heteroaryl portion of the moiety.
  • substitution of alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and/or heteroaryl refers to substitution of each of those groups individually as well as to substitutions of combinations of those groups. That is, if R is aryl-C l-4 alkyl and may be unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, such as one, two, three, or four substituents, independently selected from R X , it should be understood that the aryl portion may be unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, such as one, two, three, or four substituents, independently selected from R X and the alkyl portion may also be unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, such as one, two, three, or four substituens, independently selected from R X .
  • salts derived from inorganic bases may be selected, for example, from aluminum, ammonium, calcium, copper, ferric, ferrous, lithium, magnesium, manganic, manganous, potassium, sodium and zinc salts. Further, for example, the pharmaceutically acceptable salts derived from inorganic bases may be selected from ammonium, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium salts. Salts in the solid form may exist in one or more crystalline forms, or polymorphs, and may also be in the form of solvates, such as hydrates.
  • Salts derived from pharmaceutically acceptable organic non-toxic bases may be selected, for example, from salts of primary, secondary and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines and basic ion exchange resins, such as arginine, betaine, caffeine, choline, N, N'-dibenzylethylene-diamine, diethylamine, 2-diethylaminoethanol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, N-ethyl-morpholine, N-ethylpiperidine, glucamine, glucosamine, histidine, hydrabamine, isopropylamine, lysine, methylglucamine, morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, polyamine resins, procaine, purines, theobromine, triethylamine, trimethylamine and tripropylamine, tromethamine.
  • basic ion exchange resins
  • salts may be prepared using at least one pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acid, selected from inorganic and organic acids.
  • acid may be selected, for example, from acetic, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, camphorsulfonic, citric, ethanesulfonic, fumaric, gluconic, glutamic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, isethionic, lactic, maleic, malic, mandelic, methanesulfonic, mucic, nitric, pamoic, pantothenic, phosphoric, succinic, sulfuric, tartaric and p-toluenesulfonic acids.
  • such acid may be selected, for example, from citric, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, maleic, phosphoric, sulfuric, fumaric and tartaric acids.
  • administering should be understood to mean providing a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to the individual in recognized need of treatment.
  • the term “effective amount” means the amount of the a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt that will elicit the biological or medical response of a tissue, system, animal or human that is being sought by the researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician.
  • composition as used herein is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts.
  • composition in relation to a pharmaceutical composition is intended to encompass a product comprising the active ingredient (s) and the inert ingredient (s) that make up the carrier, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination, complexation or aggregation of any two or more of the ingredients, or from dissociation of one or more of the ingredients, or from other types of reactions or interactions of one or more of the ingredients.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable it is meant compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not unacceptably deleterious to the recipient thereof.
  • subject in reference to individuals suffering from a disorder, a condition, and the like, encompasses mammals and non-mammals.
  • mammals include, but are not limited to, any member of the Mammalian class: humans, non-human primates such as chimpanzees, and other apes and monkey species; farm animals such as cattle, horses, sheep, goats, swine; domestic animals such as rabbits, dogs and cats; laboratory animals including rodents, such as rats, mice and guinea pigs, and the like.
  • non-mammals include, but are not limited to, birds, fish and the like.
  • the mammal is a human.
  • treat, ” “treating” or “treatment, ” and other grammatical equivalents as used herein, include alleviating, abating or ameliorating a disease or condition, preventing additional symptoms, ameliorating or preventing the underlying metabolic causes of symptoms, inhibiting the disease or condition, e.g., arresting the development of the disease or condition, relieving the disease or condition, causing regression of the disease or condition, relieving a condition caused by the disease or condition, or stopping the symptoms of the disease or condition, and are intended to include prophylaxis.
  • the terms further include achieving a therapeutic benefit and/or a prophylactic benefit.
  • therapeutic benefit is meant eradication or amelioration of the underlying disorder being treated.
  • compositions may be administered to a patient at risk of developing a particular disease, or to a patient reporting one or more of the physiological symptoms of a disease, even though a diagnosis of this disease may not have been made.
  • protecting group refers to a substituent that can be commonly employed to block or protect a certain functionality while reacting other functional groups on the compound.
  • an “amino-protecting group” is a substituent attached to an amino group that blocks or protects the amino functionality in the compound. Suitable amino-protecting groups include but are not limited to acetyl, trifluoroacetyl, t-butoxycarbonyl (BOC) , benzyloxycarbonyl (CBZ) and 9-fluorenylmethylenoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) .
  • a “hydroxy-protecting group” refers to a substituent of a hydroxy group that blocks or protects the hydroxy functionality.
  • Suitable protecting groups include but are not limited to acetyl and silyl.
  • a “carboxy-protecting group” refers to a substituent of the carboxy group that blocks or protects the carboxy functionality. Common carboxy-protecting groups include -CH 2 CH 2 SO 2 Ph, cyanoethyl, 2- (trimethylsilyl) ethyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl) ethoxymethyl, 2- (p-toluenesulfonyl) ethyl, 2- (p-nitrophenylsulfenyl) ethyl, 2-(diphenylphosphino) -ethyl, nitroethyl and the like.
  • protecting groups and their use see T. W. Greene, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley &Sons, New York, 1991.
  • NH protecting group includes, but not limited to, trichloroethoxycarbonyl, tribromoethoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, para-nitrobenzylcarbonyl, ortho-bromobenzyloxycarbonyl, chloroacetyl, dichloroacetyl, trichloroacetyl, trifluoroacetyl, phenylacetyl, formyl, acetyl, benzoyl, tert-amyloxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, para-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, 3, 4-dimethoxybenzyl-oxycarbonyl, 4- (phenylazo) -benzyloxycarbonyl, 2-furfuryloxycarbonyl, diphenylmethoxycarbonyl, 1, 1-dimethylpropoxy-carbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, phthaloyl, succinyl, alanyl, leu
  • C (O) OH protecting group includes, but not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, 1, 1-dimethylpropyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, naphthyl, benzyl, diphenylmethyl, triphenylmethyl, para-nitrobenzyl, para-methoxybenzyl, bis (para-methoxyphenyl) methyl, acetylmethyl, benzoylmethyl, para-nitrobenzoylmethyl, para-bromobenzoylmethyl, para-methanesulfonylbenzoylmethyl, 2-tetrahydropyranyl, 2-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2, 2, 2-trichloro-ethyl, 2- (trimethylsilyl) ethyl, acetoxymethyl, propionyloxymethyl, pivaloyloxymethyl, phthalimidomethyl, succinimid
  • OH or SH protecting group includes, but not limited to, benzyloxycarbonyl, 4-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-bromobenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, 3, 4-dimethoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, 1, 1-dimethylpropoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, isobutyloxycarbonyl, diphenylmethoxycarbonyl, 2, 2, 2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl, 2, 2, 2-tribromoethoxycarbonyl, 2- (trimethylsilyl) ethoxycarbonyl, 2- (phenylsulfonyl) ethoxycarbonyl, 2- (triphenylphosphonio) ethoxycarbonyl, 2-furfuryloxycarbonyl, 1-adamantyloxycarbonyl, vinyloxycarbonyl, allyl
  • Geometric isomers may exist in the present compounds.
  • Compounds of this invention may contain carbon-carbon double bonds or carbon-nitrogen double bonds in the E or Z configuration, wherein the term “E” represents higher order substituents on opposite sides of the carbon-carbon or carbon-nitrogen double bond and the term “Z” represents higher order substituents on the same side of the carbon-carbon or carbon-nitrogen double bond as determined by the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Priority Rules.
  • the compounds of this invention may also exist as a mixture of "E” and "Z” isomers. Substituents around a cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl are designated as being of cis or trans configuration.
  • the invention contemplates the various isomers and mixtures thereof resulting from the disposal of substituents around an adamantane ring system.
  • Two substituents around a single ring within an adamantane ring system are designated as being of Z or E relative configuration.
  • C. D. Jones, M. Kaselj, R. N. Salvatore, W. J. le Noble J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 2758-2760 See C. D. Jones, M. Kaselj, R. N. Salvatore, W. J. le Noble J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 2758-2760.
  • Compounds of this invention may contain asymmetrically substituted carbon atoms in the R or S configuration, in which the terms "R” and “S” are as defined by the IUPAC 1974 Recommendations for Section E, Fundamental Stereochemistry, Pure Appl. Chem. (1976) 45, 13-10.
  • Compounds having asymmetrically substituted carbon atoms with equal amounts of R and S configurations are racemic at those carbon atoms. Atoms with an excess of one configuration over the other are assigned the configuration present in the higher amount, preferably an excess of about 85-90%, more preferably an excess of about 95-99%, and still more preferably an excess greater than about 99%.
  • this invention includes racemic mixtures, relative and absolute stereoisomers, and mixtures of relative and absolute stereoisomers.
  • Compounds of the invention can exist in isotope-labeled or -enriched form containing one or more atoms having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number most abundantly found in nature.
  • Isotopes can be radioactive or non-radioactive isotopes.
  • Isotopes of atoms such as hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur, fluorine, chlorine and iodine include, but are not limited to, 2 H, 3 H, 13 C, 14 C, 15 N, 18 O, 32 P, 35 S, 18 F, 36 Cl and 125 I.
  • Compounds that contain other isotopes of these and/or other atoms are within the scope of this invention.
  • the isotope-labeled compounds contain deuterium ( 2 H) , tritium ( 3 H) or 14 C isotopes.
  • Isotope-labeled compounds of this invention can be prepared by the general methods well known to persons having ordinary skill in the art. Such isotope-labeled compounds can be conveniently prepared by carrying out the procedures disclosed in the Examples disclosed herein and Schemes by substituting a readily available isotope-labeled reagent for a non-labeled reagent.
  • compounds may be treated with isotope-labeled reagents to exchange a normal atom with its isotope, for example, hydrogen for deuterium can be exchanged by the action of a deuterated acid such as D 2 SO 4 /D 2 O.
  • a deuterated acid such as D 2 SO 4 /D 2 O.
  • the isotope-labeled compounds of the invention may be used as standards to determine the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors in binding assays.
  • Isotope containing compounds have been used in pharmaceutical research to investigate the in vivo metabolic fate of the compounds by evaluation of the mechanism of action and metabolic pathway of the nonisotope-labeled parent compound (Blake et al. J. Pharm. Sci. 64, 3, 367-391 (1975) ) .
  • Such metabolic studies are important in the design of safe, effective therapeutic drugs, either because the in vivo active compound administered to the patient or because the metabolites produced from the parent compound prove to be toxic or carcinogenic (Foster et al., Advances in Drug Research Vol. 14, pp.
  • non-radioactive isotope containing drugs such as deuterated drugs called “heavy drugs” can be used for the treatment of diseases and conditions related to SARS-CoV-2 activity.
  • Increasing the amount of an isotope present in a compound above its natural abundance is called enrichment.
  • Examples of the amount of enrichment include but are not limited to from about 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 16, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, 42, 46, 50, 54, 58, 63, 67, 71, 75, 79, 84, 88, 92, 96, to about 100 mol %.
  • Stable isotope labeling of a drug can alter its physico-chemical properties such as pKa and lipid solubility. These effects and alterations can affect the pharmacodynamic response of the drug molecule if the isotopic substitution affects a region involved in a ligand-receptor interaction. While some of the physical properties of a stable isotope-labeled molecule are different from those of the unlabeled one, the chemical and biological properties are the same, with one important exception: because of the increased mass of the heavy isotope, any bond involving the heavy isotope and another atom will be stronger than the same bond between the light isotope and that atom. Accordingly, the incorporation of an isotope at a site of metabolism or enzymatic transformation will slow said reactions potentially altering the pharmacokinetic profile or efficacy relative to the non-isotopic compound.
  • this invention provides to a compound of formula (I) ,
  • each R’ is independently selected from halogen and C 1-10 alkyl, wherein alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R X4 , wherein,
  • R’ is C 1-10 alkyl
  • alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R X4 , and any two R’ on adjacent atoms of the ring together with the atoms to which they are attached can form a C 3-10 cycloalkyl or heterocyclic ring of 4 to 12 members containing 0, 1 or 2 additional heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus, and optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 R 4 groups;
  • R 3 together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C 3-10 cycloalkyl or heterocyclic ring of 4 to 12 members containing 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus, and optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 R X3 groups;
  • R 4 together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C 3-10 cycloalkyl or heterocyclic ring of 4 to 12 members containing 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus, and optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 R X4 groups;
  • each R A and R B are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 2-10 alkynyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-10 alkoxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyl-C 1-4 alkyl, aryl, aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, heteroaryl, and heteroaryl-C 1-4 alkyl, wherein alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R 3 ;
  • each R A1 and R B1 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 2-10 alkynyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-10 alkoxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyl-C 1-4 alkyl, aryl, aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, heteroaryl, and heteroaryl-C 1-4 alkyl, wherein alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R X1 ;
  • each R A2 and R B2 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 2-10 alkynyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-10 alkoxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyl-C 1-4 alkyl, aryl, aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, heteroaryl, and heteroaryl-C 1-4 alkyl, wherein alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R X2 ;
  • each R A3 and R B3 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 2-10 alkynyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-10 alkoxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyl-C 1-4 alkyl, aryl, aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, heteroaryl, and heteroaryl-C 1-4 alkyl, wherein alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R X3 ;
  • each R A4 and R B4 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 2-10 alkynyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-10 alkoxy, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyl-C 1-4 alkyl, aryl, aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, heteroaryl, and heteroaryl-C 1-4 alkyl, wherein alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R X4 ;
  • each R E , R E1 , R E2 , R E3 and R E4 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-10 alkyl, CN, NO 2 , -OR a1 , -SR a1 , -S (O) r R a1 , -C (O) R a1 , -C (O) OR a1 , -C (O) NR a1 R b1 and -S (O) r NR a1 R b1 , wherein alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R X1 ;
  • each R a1 and each R b1 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 2- 10 alkynyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyl-C 1-4 alkyl, aryl, aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, heteroaryl and heteroaryl-C 1-4 alkyl, wherein alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R Y ;
  • R a1 and R b1 together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form a heterocyclic ring of 4 to 12 members containing 0, 1 or 2 additional heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus, and optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 R Y groups;
  • each R c1 and each R d1 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 2-10 alkynyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyl-C 1-4 alkyl, aryl, aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, heteroaryl and heteroaryl-C 1-4 alkyl, wherein alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R Y ;
  • R c1 and R d1 together with the carbon atom (s) to which they are attached form a ring of 3 to 12 members containing 0, 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, and optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 R Y groups;
  • each R e1 is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, CN, NO 2 , -OR a2 , -SR a2 , -S (O) r R a2 , -C (O) R a2 , -C (O) OR a2 , -S (O) r NR a2 R b2 and -C (O) NR a2 R b2 ;
  • each R a2 and each R b2 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 2- 10 alkynyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-10 alkoxy, C 3-10 cycloalkoxy, C 1-10 alkylthio, C 3-10 cycloalkylthio, C 1-10 alkylamino, C 3-10 cycloalkylamino, di (C 1-10 alkyl) amino, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyl-C 1-4 alkyl, aryl, aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, heteroaryl and heteroaryl-C 1-4 alkyl, wherein alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, alkylthio, cycloalkylthio, alkylamino, cycloalkylamino, heterocyclyl
  • R a2 and R b2 together with the atom (s) to which they are attached form a heterocyclic ring of 4 to 12 members containing 0, 1 or 2 additional heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus, and optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents, independently selected from halogen, CN, C 1-10 alkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 2-10 alkynyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, OH, C 1-10 alkoxy, C 3-10 cycloalkoxy, C 1-10 alkylthio, C 3-10 cycloalkylthio, amino, C 1-10 alkylamino, C 3-10 cycloalkylamino and di (C 1-10 alkyl) amino;
  • each R c2 and each R d2 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 2-10 alkynyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-10 alkoxy, C 3-10 cycloalkoxy, C 1-10 alkylthio, C 3-10 cycloalkylthio, C 1-10 alkylamino, C 3-10 cycloalkylamino, di (C 1-10 alkyl) amino, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyl-C 1-4 alkyl, aryl, aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, heteroaryl and heteroaryl-C 1-4 alkyl, wherein alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, alkylthio, cycloalkylthio, alkylamino, cycloalkylamino,
  • R c2 and R d2 together with the carbon atom (s) to which they are attached form a ring of 3 to 12 members containing 0, 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, and optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents, independently selected from halogen, CN, C 1-10 alkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 2-10 alkynyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, OH, C 1-10 alkoxy, C 3-10 cycloalkoxy, C 1-10 alkylthio, C 3-10 cycloalkylthio, amino, C 1-10 alkylamino, C 3-10 cycloalkylamino and di (C 1-10 alkyl) amino;
  • each R e2 is independently selected from hydrogen, CN, NO 2 , C 1-10 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-10 alkoxy, C 3-10 cycloalkoxy, -C (O) C 1-4 alkyl, -C (O) C 3-10 cycloalkyl, -C (O) OC 1-4 alkyl, -C (O) OC 3-10 cycloalkyl, -C (O) N (C 1-4 alkyl) 2 , -C (O) N (C 3-10 cycloalkyl) 2 , -S (O) 2 C 1- 4 alkyl, -S (O) 2 C 3-10 cycloalkyl, -S (O) 2 N (C 1-4 alkyl) 2 and -S (O) 2 N (C 3-10 cycloalkyl) 2 ;
  • n, p and q are independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4;
  • n is selected from 1, 2, 3 and 4;
  • each r is independently selected from 0, 1 and 2;
  • each t is independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4;
  • each u is independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4.
  • the invention provides a compound of Embodiment (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R’ is independently selected from halogen and C 1-10 alkyl, wherein,
  • R’ when R’ is C 1-10 alkyl, any two R’ on adjacent atoms of the ring together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C 3-10 cycloalkyl or heterocyclic ring of 4 to 12 members containing 0, 1 or 2 additional heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus, and optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 R 4 groups.
  • Embodiment (2) the invention provides a compound of Embodiment (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R’ is independently selected from halogen and C 1-10 alkyl, wherein alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R 4 , wherein,
  • R’ is C 1-10 alkyl
  • alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R 4 , and any two R’ on adjacent atoms of the ring together with the atoms to which they are attached can form a C 3-8 cycloalkyl or heterocyclic ring of 4 to 10 members containing 0, 1 or 2 additional heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus, and optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 R 4 groups.
  • each R’ is independently selected from halogen and C 1-10 alkyl, wherein,
  • R’ when R’ is C 1-10 alkyl, any two R’ on adjacent atoms of the ring together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C 3-8 cycloalkyl or heterocyclic ring of 4 to 10 members containing 0, 1 or 2 additional heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus, and optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 R 4 groups.
  • the invention provides a compound of Embodiment (2) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R’ is independently selected from F, Cl, Br and C 1-10 alkyl, wherein alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R 4 , wherein,
  • R’ is C 1-10 alkyl
  • alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R 4 , and any two R’ on adjacent atoms of the ring together with the atoms to which they are attached can form a ring selected from cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl and azetidinyl, which are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 R 4 groups.
  • each R’ is independently selected from F, Cl, Br and C 1-10 alkyl, wherein,
  • R’ is C 1-10 alkyl
  • any two R’ on adjacent atoms of the ring together with the atoms to which they are attached form a ring selected from cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl and azetidinyl, which are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 R 4 groups.
  • each R’ is independently selected from F and trifluoromethyl. In another Embodiment, R’ is F.
  • any two R’ on adjacent atoms of the ring together with the atoms to which they are attached form a ring selected from cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl and azetidinyl, which are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 R 4 groups.
  • the invention provides a compound of any one of Embodiments (1) - (3) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R 4 is independently selected from halogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, CN, NO 2 , -NR A4 R B4 , -OR A4 , -C (O) R A4 , -C (O) OR A4 , -OC (O) R A4 , -C (O) NR A4 R B4 , -NR A4 C (O) R B4 , -OC (O) NR A4 R B4 , -NR A4 C (O) OR B4 , -NR A4 C (O) NR A4 R B4 and -S (O) r R A4 , wherein alkyl and cycloalkyl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least
  • the invention provides a compound of Embodiment (4) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R 4 is independently selected from F, Cl, Br, -CN, -NO 2 , -NH 2 , -OH, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl and cyclopropyl, wherein methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl and cyclopropyl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R X4 .
  • each R 4 is independently selected from F and methyl.
  • the invention provides a compound of any one of Embodiments (1) - (5) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the moiety in Formula (I) is selected from wherein the symbol indicates the point of attachment to the rest of the molecule.
  • the moiety in Formula (I) is selected from wherein the symbol indicates the point of attachment to the rest of the molecule.
  • the moiety in Formula (I) is selected from wherein the symbol indicates the point of attachment to the rest of the molecule.
  • the moiety in Formula (I) is
  • q is selected from 0, 1 and 2. In another Embodiment, q is selected from 1 and 2.
  • n is selected from 0, 1, 2 and 3. In another Embodiment, m is selected from 0, 1 and 2.
  • the invention provides a compound of any one of Embodiments (1) - (6) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, CN, NO 2 , -NR A R B , -OR A , -C (O) R A , -C (O) OR A , -OC (O) R A , -C (O) NR A R B , -NR A C (O) R B , -OC (O) NR A R B , -NR A C (O) OR B , -NR A C (O) NR A R B and -S (O) r R A , wherein alkyl and cycloalkyl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R 3 .
  • the invention provides a compound of Embodiment (7) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R is independently selected from F, Cl, Br, -CN, -NO 2 , -NH 2 , -OH, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl and cyclopropyl, wherein methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl and cyclopropyl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R 3 .
  • each R is independently selected from methyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, ethyl, difluoroethyl, difluoroethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl and cyclopropy. In another Embodiment, each R is independently selected from methyl, trifluoromethyl and tert-butyl.
  • the invention provides a compound of Embodiment (8) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the moiety in Formula (I) is selected from In another Embodiment, wherein the moiety in Formula (I) is selected from
  • the invention provides a compound of any one of Embodiments (1) - (6) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein any two of R together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C 3-10 cycloalkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 R 3 groups.
  • the invention provides a compound of Embodiments (10) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the moiety in Formula (I) is selected from which are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 R 3 groups, wherein the symbol indicates the point of attachment to the rest of the molecule.
  • the invention provides a compound of any one of Embodiments (1) - (11) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R 3 is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl -C 1-4 alkyl, CN, NO 2 , -NR A3 R B3 , -OR A3 , -C (O) R A3 , -C (O) OR A3 , -OC (O) R A3 , -C (O) NR A3 R B3 , -NR A3 C (O) R B3 , -OC (O) NR A3 R B3 , -NR A3 C (O) OR B3 , -NR A3 C (O) NR A3 R B3 and -S (O) r R A3 , wherein alkyl and cycloalkyl are each unsubstituted or substitute
  • R 3 together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C 3-8 cycloalkyl or heterocyclic ring of 4 to 8 members containing 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus, and optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3 or 4 R X3 groups.
  • each R 3 is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, CN, NO 2 , -NR A3 R B3 and -OR A3 , wherein alkyl and cycloalkyl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R X3 .
  • the invention provides a compound of Embodiment (12) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R 3 is independently selected from hydrogen, F, Cl, Br, -CN, -NO 2 , -NH 2 , -OH, -CD 3 , methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl and cyclopropyl, wherein methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl and cyclopropyl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from halogen.
  • each R 3 is independently selected from hydrogen, F, Cl, Br, -CN, -NO 2 , -NH 2 , -OH, -CD 3 , methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl and cyclopropyl, wherein methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl and cyclopropy
  • each R 3 is independently selected from hydrogen, F, Cl, -CD 3 , methyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, ethyl, difluoroethyl, difluoroethyl, and tert-butyl. In another Embodiment, each R 3 is independently selected from hydrogen, methyl and -CD 3 .
  • Embodiment (14) the invention provides a compound of Embodiments (13) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the moiety in Formula (I) is selected from
  • the invention provides a compound of any one of Embodiment (1) - (14) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 1 is selected from C 1-10 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, CN, NO 2 , -NR A1 R B1 , -OR A1 , -C (O) R A1 , -C (O) OR A1 , -OC (O) R A1 , -C (O) NR A1 R B1 , -NR A1 C (O) R B1 , -OC (O) NR A1 R B1 , -NR A1 C (O) OR B1 , -NR A1 C (O) NR A1 R B1 , -S (O) r R A1 and -NR A1 S (O) r R B1 , wherein alky
  • the invention provides a compound of Embodiment (15) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 1 is selected from C 1-10 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, CN, NO 2 , -NR A1 R B1 , -OR A1 and -NR A1 S (O) r R B1 , wherein alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R X1 .
  • each R X1 is independently selected from halogen, C 1-10 alkyl and - (CR c1 R d1 ) t OR b1 .
  • the invention provides a compound of Embodiment (16) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 1 is selected from -NHCH 3 , -NHS (O) 2 CF 3 , methyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, ethyl, difluoroethyl, trifluoroethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, In another Embodiment, wherein R 1 is selected from -NHCH 3 , -NHS (O) 2 CF 3 , difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, In another Embodiment, wherein R 1 is selected from -NHCH 3 , -NHS (O) 2 CF 3 , trifluoromethyl, methoxy, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl,
  • the invention provides a compound of any one of Embodiments (1) - (17) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 2 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyl-C 1-4 alkyl, aryl, aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl-C 1-4 alkyl, CN, NO 2 , -NR A2 R B2 and -OR A2 , wherein alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R X2 .
  • R 2 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cyclo
  • the invention provides a compound of Embodiment (18) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 2 is selected from halogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, heterocyclyl-C 1-4 alkyl, aryl-C 1-4 alkyl and heteroaryl-C 1-4 alkyl, wherein alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R X2 .
  • R 2 is selected from halogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, heterocyclyl-C 1-4 alkyl, aryl-C 1-4 alkyl and heteroaryl-C 1-4 alkyl, wherein alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and
  • the invention provides a compound of Embodiment (19) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 2 is selected from F, Cl, Br, -CN, -NO 2 , -NH 2 , -OH, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, wherein methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl and cyclopropyl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R X2 .
  • R 2 is selected from isopropyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl,
  • Embodiment (21) the invention provides a compound of Embodiment (1) shown as formula (II) ,
  • m1, n1 and p are independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4, and R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are as defined in formula (I) .
  • m1, n1 and p are independently selected from 0, 1, 2 and 3.
  • the invention provides a compound of Embodiment (21) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 1 is selected from C 1-10 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, CN, NO 2 , -NR A1 R B1 , -OR A1 , -C (O) R A1 , -C (O) OR A1 , -OC (O) R A1 , -C (O) NR A1 R B1 , -NR A1 C (O) R B1 , -OC (O) NR A1 R B1 , -NR A1 C (O) OR B1 , -NR A1 C (O) NR A1 R B1 and -S (O) r R A1 , wherein alkyl and cycloalkyl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R X1
  • the invention provides a compound of Embodiment (22) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 1 is selected from C 1-10 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, CN, NO 2 , -NR A1 R B1 and -OR A1 , wherein alkyl and cycloalkyl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R X1 .
  • the invention provides a compound of Embodiment (23) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 1 is selected from methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl and cyclopropyl, wherein methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from halogen.
  • R 1 is selected from methyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, ethyl, difluoroethyl, difluoroethyl, and tert-butyl. In another Embodiment, wherein R 1 is selected from trifluoromethyl and tert-butyl.
  • the invention provides a compound of any one of Embodiments (21) - (24) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 2 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 2-10 alkenyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyl-C 1-4 alkyl, aryl, aryl-C 1-4 alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl-C 1-4 alkyl, CN, NO 2 , -NR A2 R B2 and -OR A2 , wherein alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R X2 .
  • the invention provides a compound of Embodiment (25) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 2 is selected from halogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, heterocyclyl-C 1-4 alkyl, aryl-C 1-4 alkyl and heteroaryl-C 1-4 alkyl, wherein alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R X2 .
  • R 2 is selected from halogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, heterocyclyl-C 1-4 alkyl, aryl-C 1-4 alkyl and heteroaryl-C 1-4 alkyl, wherein alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and
  • the invention provides a compound of Embodiment (26) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 2 is selected from F, Cl, Br, -CN, -NO 2 , -NH 2 , -OH, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl and methylcyclopropyl, wherein methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl and methylcyclopropyl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R X2 .
  • R 2 is selected from isopropyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl and methylcyclopropyl.
  • the invention provides a compound of any one of Embodiments (21) - (27) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein m1 is selected from 0, 1 and 2.
  • the invention provides a compound of any one of Embodiments (21) - (28) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R 3 is independently selected from halogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, CN, NO 2 , -NR A3 R B3 , -OR A3 , -C (O) R A3 , -C (O) OR A3 , -OC (O) R A3 , -C (O) NR A3 R B3 , -NR A3 C (O) R B3 , -OC (O) NR A3 R B3 , -NR A3 C (O) OR B3 , -NR A3 C (O) NR A3 R B3 and -S (O) r R A3 , wherein alkyl and cycloalkyl are each unsubstituted or substituted with
  • R 3 together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C 3-8 cycloalkyl or heterocyclic ring of 4 to 8 members containing 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus, and optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 R X3 groups.
  • the invention provides a compound of Embodiment (29) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R 3 is independently selected from halogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, CN, NO 2 , -NR A3 R B3 and -OR A3 , wherein alkyl and cycloalkyl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R X3 .
  • the invention provides a compound of Embodiment (30) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R 3 is independently selected from F, Cl, Br, -CN, -NO 2 , -NH 2 , -OH, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl and cyclopropyl, wherein methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl and cyclopropyl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from halogen.
  • each R 3 is independently selected from methyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, ethyl, difluoroethyl, difluoroethyl, and tert-butyl. In another Embodiment, wherein R 3 is methyl.
  • the invention provides a compound of any one of Embodiments (21) - (31) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein p is selected from 0, 1 and 2.
  • the invention provides a compound of any one of Embodiments (21) - (32) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the moiety in Formula (II) is selected from wherein the symbol indicates the point of attachment to the rest of the molecule.
  • the invention provides a compound of any one of Embodiments (21) - (33) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein n1 is selected from 0, 1 and 2. In another Embodiment, wherein n1 is selected from 0 and 1.
  • the invention provides a compound of any one of Embodiments (21) - (34) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R 4 is independently selected from halogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl-C 1-4 alkyl, CN, NO 2 , -NR A4 R B4 , -OR A4 , -C (O) R A4 , -C (O) OR A4 , -OC (O) R A4 , -C (O) NR A4 R B4 , -NR A4 C (O) R B4 , -OC (O) NR A4 R B4 , -NR A4 C (O) OR B4 , -NR A4 C (O) NR A4 R B4 and -S (O) r R A4 , wherein alkyl and cycloalkyl are each unsubstituted or substituted with
  • R 4 together with the atoms to which they are attached form a C 3-8 cycloalkyl or heterocyclic ring of 4 to 8 members containing 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus, and optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 R X4 groups.
  • the invention provides a compound of Embodiment (35) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R 4 is independently selected from halogen, C 1-10 alkyl, C 3-10 cycloalkyl, CN, NO 2 , -NR A4 R B4 and -OR A4 , wherein alkyl and cycloalkyl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from R X4 .
  • the invention provides a compound of Embodiment (36) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each R 4 is independently selected from F, Cl, Br, -CN, -NO 2 , -NH 2 , -OH, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl and cyclopropyl, wherein methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl are each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, independently selected from halogen.
  • each R 4 is independently selected from F, methyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, ethyl, difluoroethyl, difluoroethyl, and tert-butyl.
  • the invention provides a compound of any one of Embodiments (21) - (37) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the moiety in Formula (II) is selected from wherein the symbol indicates the point of attachment to the rest of the molecule. In another Embodiment, wherein the moiety in Formula (II) is wherein the symbol indicates the point of attachment to the rest of the molecule.
  • the invention provides a compound selected from
  • the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any one of Embodiments (1) - (39) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the invention provides a method of treating, ameliorating or preventing a condition, which responds to inhibition of protease of SARS-CoV-2, comprising administering to a subject in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of any one of Embodiments (1) - (39) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, and optionally in combination with a second therapeutic agent.
  • the invention provides a use of a compound of any one of Embodiments (1) - (39) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the preparation of a medicament for treating a respiratory tract infections and related diseases.
  • the invention provides the use of Embodiment (42) , wherein the respiratory tract infections and related diseases is includes but not limited to, coronaviruses (CoV) , picornavirus, and/or Hepeviridae virus infection, preventing a coronavirus, picornavirus, or Hepeviridae virus infection, or reducing the biological activity of an infection with a coronavirus, picornavirus, or Hepeviridae virus.
  • COV coronaviruses
  • picornavirus and/or Hepeviridae virus infection
  • preventing a coronavirus, picornavirus, or Hepeviridae virus infection or reducing the biological activity of an infection with a coronavirus, picornavirus, or Hepeviridae virus.
  • Embodiment (44) the invention provides the use of Embodiment (43) , wherein the coronaviruses (CoV) disease is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) .
  • the coronaviruses (CoV) disease is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) .
  • kits comprising a compound disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and instructions which comprise one or more forms of information selected from the group consisting of indicating a disease state for which the composition is to be administered, storage information for the composition, dosing information and instructions regarding how to administer the composition.
  • the kit comprises the compound in a multiple dose form.
  • an article of manufacture comprising a compound disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and packaging materials.
  • the packaging material comprises a container for housing the compound.
  • the container comprises a label indicating one or more members of the group consisting of a disease state for which the compound is to be administered, storage information, dosing information and/or instructions regarding how to administer the compound.
  • the article of manufacture comprises the compound in a multiple dose form.
  • a therapeutic method comprising administering a compound disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • a method of inhibiting a protease of SARS-CoV-2 comprising contacting the protease of SARS-CoV-2 with a compound disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the present invention relates to the use of a compound according to any one of the above embodiments and variations in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease state for which a coronaviruses (CoV) , picornavirus, and/or Hepeviridae virus that contributes to the pathology and/or symptomology of the disease state.
  • a coronaviruses CoV
  • picornavirus picornavirus
  • Hepeviridae virus that contributes to the pathology and/or symptomology of the disease state.
  • compounds of the disclosure will be administered in therapeutically effective amounts via any of the usual and acceptable modes known in the art, either singly or in combination with one or more therapeutic agents.
  • a therapeutically effective amount may vary widely depending on the severity of the disease, the age and relative health of the subject, the potency of the compound used and other factors known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the required dosage will also vary depending on the mode of administration, the particular condition to be treated and the effect desired.
  • an indicated daily dosage in the larger mammal may be in the range from about 0.5 mg to about 2000 mg, or more particularly, from about 0.5 mg to about 1000 mg, conveniently administered, for example, in divided doses up to four times a day or in retard form.
  • Suitable unit dosage forms for oral administration comprise from ca. 1 to 50 mg active ingredient.
  • Compounds of the disclosure may be administered as pharmaceutical compositions by any conventional route; for example, enterally, e.g., orally, e.g., in the form of tablets or capsules; parenterally, e.g., in the form of injectable solutions or suspensions; or topically, e.g., in the form of lotions, gels, ointments or creams, or in a nasal or suppository form.
  • enterally e.g., orally, e.g., in the form of tablets or capsules
  • parenterally e.g., in the form of injectable solutions or suspensions
  • topically e.g., in the form of lotions, gels, ointments or creams, or in a nasal or suppository form.
  • compositions comprising a compound of the present disclosure in free form or in a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form in association with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent may be manufactured in a conventional manner by mixing, granulating, coating, dissolving or lyophilizing processes.
  • pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the disclosure in association with at least one pharmaceutical acceptable carrier or diluent may be manufactured in conventional manner by mixing with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
  • Unit dosage forms for oral administration contain, for example, from about 0.1 mg to about 500 mg of active substance.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions are solutions of the active ingredient, including suspensions or dispersions, such as isotonic aqueous solutions.
  • suspensions or dispersions such as isotonic aqueous solutions.
  • dispersions or suspensions can be made up before use.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be sterilized and/or contain adjuvants, such as preserving, stabilizing, wetting or emulsifying agents, solution promoters, salts for regulating the osmotic pressure and/or buffers.
  • Suitable preservatives include but are not limited to antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, or microbicides, such as sorbic acid or benzoic acid.
  • solutions or suspensions may further comprise viscosity-increasing agents, including but not limited to, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gelatins, or solubilizers, e.g. Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate) .
  • viscosity-increasing agents including but not limited to, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gelatins, or solubilizers, e.g. Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate) .
  • Suspensions in oil may comprise as the oil component the vegetable, synthetic, or semi-synthetic oils customary for injection purposes.
  • oils customary for injection purposes.
  • examples include but are not limited to liquid fatty acid esters that contain as the acid component a long-chained fatty acid having 8-22 carbon atoms, or in some embodiments, 12-22 carbon atoms.
  • Suitable liquid fatty acid esters include but are not limited to lauric acid, tridecylic acid, myristic acid, pentadecylic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid or corresponding unsaturated acids, for example oleic acid, elaidic acid, erucic acid, brassidic acid and linoleic acid, and if desired, may contain antioxidants, for example vitamin E, 3-carotene or 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-hydroxytoluene.
  • the alcohol component of these fatty acid esters may have six carbon atoms and may be monovalent or polyvalent, for example a mono-, di-or trivalent, alcohol. Suitable alcohol components include but are not limited to methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol or pentanol or isomers thereof; glycol and glycerol.
  • Suitable fatty acid esters include but are not limited ethyl-oleate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, M 2375, (polyoxyethylene glycerol) , M 1944 CS (unsaturated polyglycolized glycerides prepared by alcoholysis of apricot kernel oil and comprising glycerides and polyethylene glycol ester) , LABRASOL TM (saturated polyglycolized glycerides prepared by alcoholysis of TCM and comprising glycerides and polyethylene glycol ester; all available from GaKefosse, France) , and/or 812 (triglyceride of saturated fatty acids of chain length C8 to C12 from Hüls AG, Germany) , and vegetable oils such as cottonseed oil, almond oil, olive oil, castor oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, or groundnut oil.
  • vegetable oils such as cottonseed oil, almond oil, olive oil, castor oil, ses
  • compositions for oral administration may be obtained, for example, by combining the active ingredient with one or more solid carriers, and if desired, granulating a resulting mixture, and processing the mixture or granules by the inclusion of additional excipients, to form tablets or tablet cores.
  • Suitable carriers include but are not limited to fillers, such as sugars, for example lactose, saccharose, mannitol or sorbitol, cellulose preparations and/or calcium phosphates, for example tricalcium phosphate or calcium hydrogen phosphate, and also binders, such as starches, for example corn, wheat, rice or potato starch, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and/or polyvinylpyrrolidone, and/or, if desired, disintegrators, such as the above-mentioned starches, carboxymethyl starch, crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, alginic acid or a salt thereof, such as sodium alginate.
  • fillers such as sugars, for example lactose, saccharose, mannitol or sorbitol
  • cellulose preparations and/or calcium phosphates for example tricalcium phosphate or calcium hydrogen phosphate
  • binders such as starches, for example
  • Additional excipients include but are not limited to flow conditioners and lubricants, for example silicic acid, talc, stearic acid or salts thereof, such as magnesium or calcium stearate, and/or polyethylene glycol, or derivatives thereof.
  • flow conditioners and lubricants for example silicic acid, talc, stearic acid or salts thereof, such as magnesium or calcium stearate, and/or polyethylene glycol, or derivatives thereof.
  • Tablet cores may be provided with suitable, optionally enteric, coatings through the use of, inter alia, concentrated sugar solutions which may comprise gum arable, talc, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol and/or titanium dioxide, or coating solutions in suitable organic solvents or solvent mixtures, or, for the preparation of enteric coatings, solutions of suitable cellulose preparations, such as cellulose acetate phthalate or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate. Dyes or pigments may be added to the tablets or tablet coatings, for example for identification purposes or to indicate different doses of active ingredient.
  • concentrated sugar solutions which may comprise gum arable, talc, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol and/or titanium dioxide, or coating solutions in suitable organic solvents or solvent mixtures, or, for the preparation of enteric coatings, solutions of suitable cellulose preparations, such as cellulose acetate phthalate or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate.
  • Dyes or pigments may be added to the tablets or tablet coatings,
  • compositions for oral administration may also include hard capsules comprising gelatin or soft-sealed capsules comprising gelatin and a plasticizer, such as glycerol or sorbitol.
  • the hard capsules may contain the active ingredient in the form of granules, for example in admixture with fillers, such as corn starch, binders, and/or glidants, such as talc or magnesium stearate, and optionally stabilizers.
  • the active ingredient may be dissolved or suspended in suitable liquid excipients, such as fatty oils, paraffin oil or liquid polyethylene glycols or fatty acid esters of ethylene or propylene glycol, to which stabilizers and detergents, for example of the polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester type, may also be added.
  • suitable liquid excipients such as fatty oils, paraffin oil or liquid polyethylene glycols or fatty acid esters of ethylene or propylene glycol, to which stabilizers and detergents, for example of the polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester type, may also be added.
  • compositions suitable for rectal administration are, for example, suppositories comprising a combination of the active ingredient and a suppository base.
  • Suitable suppository bases are, for example, natural or synthetic triglycerides, paraffin hydrocarbons, polyethylene glycols or higher alkanols.
  • compositions suitable for parenteral administration may comprise aqueous solutions of an active ingredient in water-soluble form, for example of a water-soluble salt, or aqueous injection suspensions that contain viscosity-increasing substances, for example sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sorbitol and/or dextran, and, if desired, stabilizers.
  • the active ingredient optionally together with excipients, can also be in the form of a lyophilizate and can be made into a solution before parenteral administration by the addition of suitable solvents. Solutions such as are used, for example, for parenteral administration can also be employed as infusion solutions.
  • the manufacture of injectable preparations is usually carried out under sterile conditions, as is the filling, for example, into ampoules or vials, and the sealing of the containers.
  • the disclosure also provides for a pharmaceutical combination, e.g. a kit, comprising a) a first agent which is a compound of the disclosure as disclosed herein, in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, and b) at least one co-agent.
  • a pharmaceutical combination e.g. a kit, comprising a) a first agent which is a compound of the disclosure as disclosed herein, in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, and b) at least one co-agent.
  • the kit can comprise instructions for its administration.
  • the compounds or pharmaceutical acceptable salts of the disclosure may be administered as the sole therapy, or together with other therapeutic agent or agents.
  • the therapeutic effectiveness of one of the compounds described herein may be enhanced by administration of an adjuvant (i.e. by itself the adjuvant may only have minimal therapeutic benefit, but in combination with another therapeutic agent, the overall therapeutic benefit to the individual is enhanced) .
  • the benefit experienced by an individual may be increased by administering one of the compounds described herein with another therapeutic agent that also has therapeutic benefit.
  • increased therapeutic benefit may result by also providing the individual with another therapeutic agent for gout.
  • the additional therapy or therapies include, but are not limited to physiotherapy, psychotherapy, radiation therapy, application of compresses to a diseased area, rest, altered diet, and the like. Regardless of the disease, disorder or condition being treated, the overall benefit experienced by the individual may be additive of the two therapies or the individual may experience a synergistic benefit.
  • the compounds described herein may be administered in the same pharmaceutical composition as other therapeutic agents, or because of different physical and chemical characteristics, be administered by a different route.
  • the compounds described herein may be administered orally to generate and maintain good blood levels thereof, while the other therapeutic agent may be administered intravenously.
  • the compounds described herein may be administered concurrently, sequentially or dosed separately to other therapeutic agents.
  • a compound of formula (I) can also be prepared as a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt by, for example, reacting the free base form of the at least one compound with a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic acid.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt of the at least one compound of formula (I) can be prepared by, for example, reacting the free acid form of the at least one compound with a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic base.
  • Inorganic and organic acids and bases suitable for the preparation of the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of formula (I) are set forth in the definitions section of this Application.
  • the salt forms of the compounds of formula (I) can be prepared using salts of the starting materials or intermediates.
  • the free acid or free base forms of the compounds of formula (I) can be prepared from the corresponding base addition salt or acid addition salt form.
  • a compound of formula (I) in an acid addition salt form can be converted to the corresponding free base thereof by treating with a suitable base (e.g., ammonium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide, and the like) .
  • a compound of formula (I) in a base addition salt form can be converted to the corresponding free acid thereof by, for example, treating with a suitable acid (e.g., hydrochloric acid, etc) .
  • N-oxides of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be prepared by methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • N-oxides can be prepared by treating an unoxidized form of the compound of formula (I) with an oxidizing agent (e.g., trifluoroperacetic acid, permaleic acid, perbenzoic acid, peracetic acid, meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, or the like) in a suitable inert organic solvent (e.g., a halogenated hydrocarbon such as dichloromethane) at approximately 0 to 80°C.
  • an oxidizing agent e.g., trifluoroperacetic acid, permaleic acid, perbenzoic acid, peracetic acid, meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, or the like
  • a suitable inert organic solvent e.g., a halogenated hydrocarbon such as dichloromethane
  • the N-oxides of the compounds of formula (I) can
  • Compounds of formula (I) in an unoxidized form can be prepared from N-oxides of compounds of formula (I) by, for example, treating with a reducing agent (e.g., sulfur, sulfur dioxide, triphenyl phosphine, lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, phosphorus trichloride, tribromide, and the like) in an suitable inert organic solvent (e.g., acetonitrile, ethanol, aqueous dioxane, and the like) at 0 to 80°C.
  • a reducing agent e.g., sulfur, sulfur dioxide, triphenyl phosphine, lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, phosphorus trichloride, tribromide, and the like
  • an inert organic solvent e.g., acetonitrile, ethanol, aqueous dioxane, and the like
  • Protected derivatives of the compounds of formula (I) can be made by methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art. A detailed description of the techniques applicable to the creation of protecting groups and their removal can be found in T. W. Greene, Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd edition, John Wiley &Sons, Inc. 1999.
  • references to ether or Et 2 O are to diethyl ether; brine refers to a saturated aqueous solution of NaCl. Unless otherwise indicated, all temperatures are expressed in °C (degrees Centigrade) . All reactions were conducted under an inert atmosphere at RT unless otherwise noted.
  • MS mass spectra
  • ESI electrospray ionization
  • UV detector (220 and 254 nm)
  • ELSD evaporative light scattering detector
  • Thin-layer chromatography was performed on 0.25 mm Superchemgroup silica gel plates (60F-254) , visualized with UV light, 5%ethanolic phosphomolybdic acid, ninhydrin, or p-anisaldehyde solution. Flash column chromatography was performed on silica gel (200-300 mesh, Branch of Qingdao Haiyang Chemical Co., Ltd) .
  • a compound of formula I or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be synthesized according to a variety of reaction schemes. Some illustrative schemes are provided below and in the examples. Other reaction schemes could be readily devised by those skilled in the art in view of the present disclosure.
  • IIIa-A which is commercially available or can be synthesized following the procedure known in the literature.
  • IIIa-B can be obtained by IIIa-A via a sequence of Appel reaction and substitution reaction.
  • Oxidation of the alkenyl group in IIIa-B leads to aldehyde IIIa-C which can be transformed into IIIa-D via Staudinger reaction followed by aza-witting intramolecular cyclization reaction.
  • the amino group was protected by reacting with (Boc) 2 O to afford IIIa-E.
  • Elimination of IIIa-E provides IIIa-F which can be further transformed into IIIa-G via Simmons-Smith reaction.
  • IIIa-G can be converted into Carboxylic acid IIIa-J via a three-steps sequence of oxidation, selective deprotection and oxidation reaction. Condensation of IIIa-J with reagents NH 4 Cl in the presence of a base such as DIPEA in a solvent such as DMF results in IIIa-K, which can be further converted to IIIa by the removal of the protective group Boc.
  • Reference Compound 1 was prepared according to the method described in Science. 2021, 374, 1586–1593.
  • Examples 1a-97 listed in Table 1 were/can be prepared from the appropriate starting materials which are commercially available or known in the literature.
  • the structures and names of Examples 1a-97 are given in Table 1.
  • Vero E6 cells were seeded at a density of 3 ⁇ 10 4 cells per well, in a black 96-well plate, and incubated at 37°C and 5%CO 2 overnight. Next day, the supernatant was replaced with medium containing serially diluted compounds (6 points, 4-fold dilutions in duplicate) and 2 ⁇ M CP-100356. Cells were then infected with SARS-CoV-2 ⁇ CoV/Isolate Hong Kong/VM20001061/2020 strain at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.005. The final concentration of DMSO in the cell culture was 0.5%.
  • MOI multiplicity of infection
  • virus infection in the virus control (cells infected with virus, without compound treatment) displays significant CPE.
  • the cell control (without virus infection or compounds treatment) and virus control (with virus infection, without compounds treatment) CP-100356treated control (with virus infection, and 2 ⁇ M CP-100356 treatment) were tested in parallel.
  • the CPE was measured by CellTiter Glo following the manufacturer’s manual.
  • the antiviral activity of compounds was calculated based on the protection of the virus-induced CPE at each concentration normalized by the virus control.
  • the cytotoxicity of compounds was assessed under the same conditions, but without virus infection, in parallel. Cell viability was measured with CellTiter Glo following the manufacturer’s manual.
  • the antiviral activity and cytotoxicity of compounds were expressed as %Inhibition and %Viability, respectively, and calculated with the formulas below:
  • Inhibition (%) (Raw data CPD –Average VC ) / (Average CC –Average VC ) *100
  • Viability (%) Raw data CPD /Average CC *100
  • Average VC average value of virus control
  • Average CC average value of cell control
  • EC 50 and CC 50 values were calculated using the GraphPad Prism 6 software.
  • the objective of this study is to assess the phase I metabolic stability of Test Articles in human liver microsomes.
  • the microsomes are incubated with Test Articles at 37 ⁇ 1°C, with or without Ritonavir. Reactions are terminated at the appropriate time points by cold acetonitrile containing internal standard (IS) .
  • IS internal standard
  • Each plate was sealed and shaken for 10 minutes, after shaking, each plate was centrifuged at 4000 rpm and 4°C for 20 minutes. Following centrifugation, the supernatant is analysed by LC-MS/MS. The disappearance of test compound is monitored over a 60 minutes time period.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne certains agents antiviraux, compositions pharmaceutiques associées et méthodes d'utilisation associées.
PCT/CN2022/132823 2021-11-20 2022-11-18 Composés utilisés en tant qu'inhibiteurs de sars-cov-2 WO2023088418A1 (fr)

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