WO2023088107A1 - 一种防爆阀、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

一种防爆阀、电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023088107A1
WO2023088107A1 PCT/CN2022/129782 CN2022129782W WO2023088107A1 WO 2023088107 A1 WO2023088107 A1 WO 2023088107A1 CN 2022129782 W CN2022129782 W CN 2022129782W WO 2023088107 A1 WO2023088107 A1 WO 2023088107A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
front cover
main body
explosion
proof valve
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/129782
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
余效银
陈彬彬
潘鑫
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Publication of WO2023088107A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023088107A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/325—Re-sealable arrangements comprising deformable valve members, e.g. elastic or flexible valve members
    • H01M50/333—Spring-loaded vent valves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of electrochemical devices, in particular to an explosion-proof valve, a battery and an electrical device.
  • an explosion-proof valve is provided on the casing of the battery.
  • the explosion-proof valve can release the pressure of the battery when the internal pressure of the battery is high, so as to reduce the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the battery, thereby reducing the probability of thermal failure of the battery.
  • the pressure relief capability of the explosion-proof valve in the related art is not too high, which leads to insufficient safety performance of the battery.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an explosion-proof valve, a battery and an electrical device to improve the pressure relief performance of the explosion-proof valve, thereby Improve battery safety performance.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an explosion-proof valve
  • the explosion-proof valve includes a main body, a front cover, a guide rod, a first connecting piece and a second connecting piece.
  • the front cover is connected with the main body;
  • the guide rod is connected with the main body and placed in the main body;
  • the first connecting part is arranged on the side of the front cover close to the main body;
  • the first connecting part is connected with the second connecting part, and the second connecting part is arranged on the The guide rod is close to one side of the front cover, and the second connecting part can move along the axial direction of the guide rod, so that the first connecting part and the front cover can move along the axial direction of the guide rod, and when the edge of the second connecting part faces forward
  • the first connecting part is disconnected from the second connecting part.
  • the first connecting part includes a claw
  • the second connecting part includes a buckle matched with the claw, and the claw engages with the buckle; or the first connecting part includes a buckle, and the second connecting part includes The claws are engaged with the buckle and the claws. Therefore, when the movement stroke of the buckle is greater than the preset stroke, the claw is disconnected from the buckle, and the front cover is no longer connected to the main body through the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece. pressure difference inside and outside.
  • the guide rod includes a first section and a second section connected to the first section, the first section can move along its own axis, and the second connecting piece is arranged on the far side of the first section. side of the second segment.
  • the explosion-proof valve further includes an elastic element, the elastic element is connected with the first section and the second section, and the elastic element is sleeved on the outside of the first section.
  • the resilience of the elastic element can drive the front cover to move toward the main body so that the front cover is reconnected with the main body.
  • the front cover is in close contact with the main body under the tension of the elastic element to ensure the tightness of the explosion-proof valve.
  • the main body and the front cover are hingedly connected.
  • the main body and the front cover are hingedly connected, which can make the front cover rotate a certain angle relative to the main body, control the opening angle and direction of the front cover, and prevent the gas discharge in the battery from affecting the functions of other electrical components in the explosion-proof valve, so that the explosion-proof valve can better discharge pressure.
  • the main body includes a first side wall hinged to the front cover, and a second side wall opposite to the first side wall, and the guide rod is closer to the second side wall than the first side wall.
  • the explosion-proof valve also includes a first seal and a second seal; the first seal is located between the front cover and the main body; the second seal is located on the side of the main body away from the front cover, and the second seal is The side away from the main body is used to connect with the battery case.
  • the first seal and the second seal can increase the airtightness of the explosion-proof valve, prevent the gas in the battery from leaking or the outside gas from entering the inside of the battery, and reduce the probability of battery failure.
  • the first seal and the second seal are rubber or plastic.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a battery, the battery includes the explosion-proof valve described in any one of the above-mentioned embodiments, and the explosion-proof valve is arranged on the casing of the battery.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electric device, the electric device includes the battery in the above embodiment, and the battery is used to provide electric energy to the electric device.
  • the explosion-proof valve may be installed on the casing of the battery, and the inside of the explosion-proof valve communicates with the inside of the battery.
  • the front cover moves outward under the action of the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the battery, driving the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece to move along the axis of the guide rod, thus, opening the front cover will The air pressure inside the battery is released, reducing the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the battery.
  • the second connecting piece drives the front cover to move backward so that the front cover is reconnected with the main body, so that the inside of the battery is in a sealed state again.
  • the larger pressure difference will make the movement stroke of the second connection part larger.
  • the movement stroke of the second connection part is greater than the preset stroke, the first connection part and the second connection
  • the front cover is no longer connected to the main body through the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece.
  • the inside and outside of the battery are connected, so that the internal and external pressure difference of the battery is close to zero. Therefore, the pressure relief performance of the explosion-proof valve is relatively strong. , can reduce the probability of thermal failure of the battery, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a vehicle in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the explosion-proof valve of some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of opening the front cover of the explosion-proof valve in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of closing the front cover of the explosion-proof valve in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an explosion-proof valve according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two), similarly, “multiple groups” refers to two or more groups (including two), and “multiple pieces” refers to More than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydraulic, thermal, wind and solar power plants, but also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, as well as military equipment and aerospace and other fields .
  • energy storage power systems such as hydraulic, thermal, wind and solar power plants
  • electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, as well as military equipment and aerospace and other fields .
  • safety performance of lithium batteries is very important, which is a major factor limiting the development of lithium batteries.
  • lithium batteries mainly use scoring and welding explosion-proof membranes as explosion-proof devices for lithium batteries.
  • the gas inside the battery expands and the pressure increases to a certain level. Pressure, so as to avoid battery explosion, thereby improving the safety performance of lithium batteries.
  • an explosion-proof valve is provided on the battery casing to improve the safety performance of the lithium battery.
  • Automobile lithium-ion battery explosion-proof valve is a kind of auto parts that can be ventilated, waterproof and explosion-proof. It is currently widely used in new energy electric vehicles.
  • the automotive lithium-ion battery explosion-proof valve integrates the waterproof and breathable membrane with the explosion-proof valve function. It not only has the explosion-proof and blasting damage reduction functions of the traditional explosion-proof valve, but also has the waterproof and breathable function.
  • the power lithium-ion battery cover has high temperature resistance, high insulation, high sealing and good safety performance. Since the lithium-ion battery may produce high-temperature and high-pressure gas during use, if the high-temperature and high-pressure gas cannot be discharged from the outside of the lithium-ion battery Explosion and fire may occur, causing serious safety accidents. Therefore, the battery cover manufacturer has designed an explosion-proof device on the cover. The phenomenon of explosion.
  • the general explosion-proof valve relies on gravity to seal the explosion-proof door on the air outlet or install an explosion-proof plate on the air outlet.
  • the internal and external pressure difference of the battery reaches a certain value, that is, when the internal pressure of the battery reaches the maximum withstand pressure of the explosion-proof valve, the internal pressure of the battery will open the cover or explosion-proof disc in the explosion-proof valve to discharge the internal pressure and gas, reducing the internal and external pressure difference.
  • a certain pressure difference between the inside and outside of the explosion-proof valve which makes the pressure relief capacity of the explosion-proof valve not high enough to meet the requirements for high internal and external pressure difference.
  • the applicant designed an explosion-proof valve after in-depth research, that is, the explosion-proof valve in this application, which can improve the pressure relief performance of the explosion-proof valve, reduce the probability of thermal failure of the battery, and improve the safety performance of the battery.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an electric device that uses a battery as a power source.
  • the electric device can be a mobile phone, a portable device, a notebook computer, a battery car, an electric vehicle, a ship, a spacecraft, an electric toy, an electric tool, etc., for example, a spacecraft Including airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spaceships, etc.
  • Electric toys include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • Electric tools include metal cutting electric toys Tools, grinding power tools, assembly power tools and railway power tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators and electric planers.
  • a vehicle 1 is used as an example to describe an electric device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 3 described in the embodiment of the present application is not limited to be applicable to the above-described electric device, but also applicable to all devices using the battery 3 .
  • the following embodiments are described by taking an electric vehicle as an example.
  • the vehicle 1 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • a battery 3 , a controller 4 and a motor 2 can be arranged inside the vehicle 1 , and the controller 4 is used to control the battery 3 to supply power to the motor 2 .
  • the battery 3 can be arranged at the bottom or the front or the rear of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 3 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 3 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 , for a circuit system of the vehicle 1 , for example, for starting, navigating, and working power requirements of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 3 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1 , replacing or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 3 includes a battery cell 31 and a battery case 32 , and the battery cell 31 is accommodated in the battery case 32 .
  • the battery case 32 is used to provide accommodating space for the battery cells 31 , and the battery case 32 may adopt various structures.
  • the battery case 32 may include a first case part 321 and a second case part 322, the first case part 321 and the second case part 322 cover each other, the first case part 321 and the second case part 322
  • the second housing part 322 jointly defines a receiving space for receiving the battery cells 31 .
  • the second housing part 322 can be a hollow structure with one end open, the first housing part 321 can be a plate-shaped structure, and the first housing part 321 covers the opening side of the second housing part 322, so that the first shell
  • the body portion 321 and the second housing portion 322 jointly define an accommodation space; the first housing portion 321 and the second housing portion 322 can also be hollow structures with one side opening, and the opening side of the first housing portion 321 The opening side of the second casing part 322 is covered.
  • the battery case 32 formed by the first case part 321 and the second case part 322 may be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, and the like.
  • the battery 3 there may be multiple battery cells 31, and multiple battery cells 31 may be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel. There are parallel connections.
  • a plurality of battery cells 31 can be directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole of the plurality of battery cells 31 is accommodated in the battery case 32; of course, the battery 3 can also be a plurality of battery cells 31 are connected in series or in parallel or in combination to form a battery module, and then a plurality of battery modules are connected in series or in parallel or in combination to form a whole and accommodated in the battery case 32 .
  • the battery 3 may also include other structures, for example, the battery 3 may also include a current flow component for realizing electrical connection between a plurality of battery cells 31 .
  • the current-combining component can realize the electrical connection between the battery cells 31 by connecting the electrode terminals of the battery cells 31 . Further, the current-combining component can be fixedly connected to the electrode terminals of the battery cells 31 by welding. Optionally, the current-combining component may include a conductive mechanism, and the electric energy generated by the plurality of battery cells 31 may be further drawn out through the conductive mechanism through the battery cells 31 .
  • each battery cell 31 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, but is not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 31 can be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes.
  • the explosion-proof valve 5 includes a main body 51 , a front cover 52 , a guide rod 53 , a first connecting piece 521 and a second connecting piece 531 .
  • the front cover 52 is connected with the main body 51;
  • the guide rod 53 is connected with the main body 51 and placed in the main body 51;
  • the first connecting part 521 is arranged on the side of the front cover 52 close to the main body 51;
  • the second connecting member 531 is arranged on the side of the guide rod 53 close to the front cover 52, and the second connecting member 531 can move along the axial direction of the guide rod 53, and when the edge of the second connecting member 531 faces the front cover When the movement stroke in the direction 52 is greater than the preset stroke, the first connecting member 521 is disconnected from the second connecting member 531 .
  • the main body 51 is the main structure of the explosion-proof valve 5, the main body 51 can be a hollow structure, the guide rod 53 is connected with the main body 51 and placed inside the main body 51, and the main body 51 is used as the guide rod 53 Provide accommodation.
  • the main body 51 is disposed on the battery case 32 and is fixedly connected to the battery case 32 , and the main body 51 communicates with the interior of the battery 3 , so that the main body 51 can provide a release channel for the gas in the battery 3 .
  • the main body 51 may be substantially in the shape of a cuboid or a cylinder.
  • the material of the main body 51 can be metal or plastic, etc., wherein the material and shape of the main body 51 can be determined according to actual needs, which is not specifically limited in this application.
  • the front cover 52 is connected to the main body 51 and is located on a side of the main body 51 away from the battery case 32 .
  • the front cover 52 can be used to seal one end of the gas channel formed by the main body 51 to prevent the inside of the battery 3 from communicating with the outside when the battery 3 is in normal operation.
  • the shape of the front cover 52 can be adapted to the shape of the opening of the main body 51. For example, when the main body 51 is in the shape of a cuboid, the front cover 52 can be rectangular; when the main body 51 is in the shape of a cylinder, the front cover 52 can be circular.
  • the first connecting member 521 and the second connecting member 531 are structural members respectively disposed on the front cover 52 and the guide rod 53 to connect the front cover 52 and the guide rod 53 .
  • the first connecting piece 521 can be fitly connected with the second connecting piece 531 .
  • the first connecting member 521 is disposed on the front cover 52
  • the second connecting member 531 is disposed on the guide rod 53 .
  • the first connecting piece 521 can drive the second connecting piece 531 to move, and because the second connecting piece 531 is arranged on the guide rod 53, the second connecting piece 531 can drive the guide rod 531 to move.
  • the rod 53 moves.
  • the second connecting member 531 can move along the axial direction of the guide rod 53, the second connecting member 531 can move in a direction away from the front cover 52.
  • the second connecting member 531 can pass through the first A connecting piece 521 drives the front cover 52 to close, that is, drives the front cover 52 to reconnect with the main body 51 .
  • the preset stroke is related to the pressure difference inside and outside the battery 3, that is, it is related to the maximum safe pressure that the battery 3 can withstand before thermal runaway occurs, so it can be based on the maximum safe pressure that the battery 3 can withstand
  • this application does not limit the specific value of the preset itinerary.
  • the explosion-proof valve 5 can be installed on the battery case 32 of the battery 3 , and the inside of the explosion-proof valve 5 communicates with the inside of the battery 3 .
  • the front cover 52 moves outwards and opens under the action of the pressure difference inside and outside the battery 3, driving the first connecting piece 521 and the second connecting piece 531 to move along the axial direction of the guide rod 53, As a result, the front cover 52 is opened to release the air pressure inside the battery 3 and reduce the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the battery 3 .
  • the second connecting member 531 drives the front cover 52 to move backward so that the front cover 52 is reconnected with the main body 51 and the inside of the battery 3 is sealed again. And when the internal and external pressure difference of the battery 3 is too large, the larger pressure difference will make the movement stroke of the second connecting member 531 larger.
  • the moving stroke of the second connecting member 531 is greater than the preset stroke, the first connecting member 521 Disconnected from the second connector 531, the front cover 52 is no longer connected to the main body 51 through the first connector 521 and the second connector 531, as shown in FIG.
  • the pressure difference is close to zero, thus, the explosion-proof valve 5 has a strong pressure relief performance, which can reduce the probability of thermal failure of the battery 3 , thereby improving the safety performance of the battery 3 .
  • the first connecting member 521 includes a claw 5211
  • the second connecting member 531 includes a buckle 5311 matching the claw 5211 , and the claw 5211 engages with the buckle 5311 ;
  • the first connecting part 521 includes a buckle
  • the second connecting part 531 includes a claw, and the buckle is engaged with the claw.
  • the front cover 52 and the guide rod 53 are connected by claws and buckles to realize the connection.
  • the first connecting part 521 and the second connecting part 531 may include claws or buckles, taking the first connecting part 521 including a claw 5211, and the second connecting part 531 including a buckle 5311 matching the claw 5211 as an example
  • the buckle 5311 When the internal and external pressure difference decreases, the buckle 5311 is still connected to the claw 5211, and the claw 5211 drives the buckle 5311 and the front cover 52 to move toward the main body 51, so that the front cover 52 is connected to the main body 51 again, and the front cover 52 is closed. .
  • the front cover 52 when the internal and external pressure difference of the battery 3 is large, the front cover 52 has a long displacement stroke under the action of the internal and external pressure difference, and the impact force received by the claw 5211 provided on the front cover 52 is relatively large, so that the claw 5211 moves a large distance under the action of the impact force, that is, when the movement stroke of the claw 5211 is greater than the preset stroke, the claw 5211 is disconnected from the buckle 5311, that is, the front cover 52 is released, and the front cover 52 no longer passes through the second A connecting piece 521 and a second connecting piece 531 are connected to the main body 51 .
  • the guide rod 53 cannot tighten the front cover 52 for sealing, the front cover 52 is opened, the inside of the battery 3 communicates with the outside, and the internal and external pressure difference of the battery 3 is close to zero.
  • the clamping connection between the claw 5211 and the buckle 5311 can realize the clamping connection between the front cover 52 and the guide rod 53.
  • the movement stroke of the buckle 5311 is greater than the preset stroke, that is When the internal pressure of the battery 3 is greater than the maximum withstand pressure of the explosion-proof valve 5, the claw 5211 is disconnected from the buckle 5311, and the front cover 52 is no longer connected to the main body 51 through the first connecting piece 521 and the second connecting piece 531.
  • the battery 3 is connected internally and externally, which can meet the needs of some projects that require the internal and external pressure difference of the battery 3 to be close to zero, such as spraying and other projects.
  • the front cover 52 and the guide rod 53 can be connected by adhesive or magnetic connection.
  • the first connector 521 and the second connector 531 can also be plastic strips connected as one.
  • the impact force formed by the internal and external pressure difference will have an impact on the plastic strip.
  • the front cover 52 is no longer connected to the main body 51 through the first connecting piece 521 and the second connecting piece 531, and the internal and external communication of the battery 3 is realized.
  • the guide rod 53 includes a first section 532 and a second section 533 connected to the first section 532, the first section 532 can move along its own axis direction,
  • the second connecting member 531 is disposed on a side of the first section 532 away from the second section 533 .
  • the guide rod 53 is in the shape of a stepped shaft, and the guide rod 53 includes a first segment 532 and a second segment 533 in the shape of a cylindrical segment.
  • the first section 532 can move along its axis
  • the second section 533 is fixedly connected to the main body 51
  • the second connecting member 531 is disposed on a side of the first section 532 away from the second section 533 .
  • the second section 533 is hollow.
  • the front cover 52 moves outwards and opens under the action of the internal and external pressure difference of the battery 3, driving the first connecting member 521 and the second connecting member 531 Move along the axial direction of the guide rod 53 , whereby the front cover 52 is opened to release the air pressure inside the battery 3 and reduce the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the battery 3 .
  • the second connecting member 531 drives the front cover 52 to move backward so that the front cover 52 is reconnected with the main body 51 and the inside of the battery 3 is sealed again.
  • the explosion-proof valve 5 further includes an elastic element 54, the elastic element 54 is connected with the first section 532 and the second section 533, and the elastic element 54 is sleeved on the second section The outside of a segment 532 .
  • the elastic element 54 may be an elastic structural member such as a spring, and the spring includes a cylindrical spring or a tower spring. One end of the elastic element 54 is fixedly connected to the second section 533, and the other end is connected to the side of the first section 532 close to the second connecting piece 531.
  • the elastic element 54 can drive the first section connected to it through its own elastic force and resilience.
  • a section 532 moves along its own axis.
  • the front cover 52 when the front cover 52 is subjected to the impact force formed by the internal pressure of the battery 3, the front cover 52 drives the second connecting piece 531 and the first section 532 to move along the axis direction of the guide rod 53, and the elastic element 54 In the stretched state, the front cover 52 is opened and the high-pressure gas inside the battery 3 is discharged from the front cover 52 . After the battery 3 is depressurized, the elastic element 54 rebounds, and the elastic force of the elastic element 54 drives the second connecting member 531 to move toward the main body 51, thereby driving the front cover 52 to move toward the main body 51 so that the front cover 52 is reconnected to the main body 51 .
  • the front cover 52 when the front cover 52 is connected to the main body 51 , the front cover 52 is in close contact with the main body 51 under the tension of the spring to ensure the sealing of the explosion-proof valve 5 .
  • the elastic element 54 is also used for buffering when the first section 532 moves along its axis.
  • the main body 51 and the front cover 52 are hingedly connected.
  • the main body 51 and the front cover 52 are hingedly connected so that the front cover 52 can rotate relative to the main body 51 at a certain angle.
  • the front cover 52 includes a first side 522 connected to the top of the main body 51 and a second side 523 opposite to the first side 522.
  • the internal and external pressure difference makes the front cover 52 rotates relative to the main body 51 around the centerline of the hinge, that is, the first side 522 of the front cover 52 is still connected to the main body 51 and the second side 523 moves away from the main body 51 .
  • the pressure difference between the inside and outside makes the front cover 52 open at the second side 523 , and the opening direction is away from the first side 522 .
  • the first side 522 of the front cover 52 can be arranged close to the bottom wall of the case 32, so that when the front cover 52 is opened, the front cover The opening of 52 faces downward, so as to realize the control of the opening angle and direction of the front cover 52, so that the high-pressure gas in the battery 3 is discharged downward, and the impact of the high-pressure gas discharged by the explosion-proof valve 5 on other electrical components in the battery 3 is reduced. Make the explosion-proof valve 5 better relieve pressure.
  • the large pressure difference makes the moving stroke of the second connecting piece 531 larger than the preset stroke, and at this time the first connecting piece 521 is disconnected from the second connecting piece 531 connected, the front cover 52 and the main body 51 are no longer connected by the first connecting piece 521 and the second connecting piece 531, and the first side 522 of the front cover 52 is still hinged with the main body 51, so that the front cover 52 is not completely separated from the main body 51 At the same time, the inside and outside of the battery 3 are connected, so that the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the battery 3 is close to zero.
  • the main body 51 includes a first side wall 511 hinged to the front cover 52 , a second side wall 512 opposite to the first side wall 511 , and a guide rod 53
  • the second side wall 512 is arranged closer to the first side wall 511 than the first side wall 511 .
  • the first side wall 511 and the second side wall 512 are arranged on the main body 51, because the guide rod 53 is arranged closer to the second side wall 512 than the first side wall 511 , so the first connecting member 521 snapped to the second connecting member 531 on the guide rod 53 is also arranged closer to the second side wall 512 than to the first side wall 511 .
  • the position of the guide rod 53 in the main body 51 affects the opening angle of the upper side of the front cover 52 .
  • the guide rod 53 moves from the middle position toward the second side wall 512, when the moving distance of the first section 532 of the guide rod 53 is stable, the part of the front cover 52 located on the upper side of the guide rod 53 and the main body 51 The angle between them gradually decreases.
  • setting the guide rod 53 closer to the second side wall 512 can reduce the angle between the part of the front cover 52 above the guide rod 53 and the main body 51, so that the gas in the battery 3 can be more It is discharged from the opening below the guide rod 53 of the front cover 52, so that the high-pressure gas in the battery 3 is discharged downwards, further reducing the impact of the high-pressure gas discharged by the explosion-proof valve 5 on other electrical components in the battery 3 .
  • the explosion-proof valve 5 also includes a first seal 55 and a second seal 56; the first seal 55 is located between the front cover 52 and the main body 51; the second The sealing member 56 is located on the side of the main body 51 away from the front cover 52 , and the side of the second sealing member 56 away from the main body 51 is used for connecting with the battery case 32 .
  • the first sealing member 55 is located between the front cover 52 and the main body 51
  • the second connecting member 531 is located between the main body 51 and the battery case 32
  • the first seal 55 and the second seal 56 may be seals of the same structure and/or material.
  • the first sealing member 55 and the second sealing member 56 may be sealing rubber strips, and the sealing rubber strips may be disposed around the edges of the two side surfaces of the main body 51 connected with the front cover 52 and the battery case 32 respectively.
  • the first seal 55 and the second seal 56 can also be seal frames, and the shape and size of the seal frame correspond to those of the main body 51 .
  • the first seal 55 and the second seal 56 can increase the airtightness of the explosion-proof valve 5, prevent the gas in the battery 3 from leaking or the outside gas from entering the battery 3, and reduce the failure rate of the battery 3. probability.
  • the first seal 55 and the second seal 56 are rubber or plastic.
  • the airtightness inside the explosion-proof valve 5 can be improved, and the sealing members are not easy to age and have a long service life.
  • the first sealing member 55 and the second sealing member 56 are plastic parts, the shape and size of the first sealing member 55 and the second sealing member 56 can be changed according to the shape and size of the main body 51 , and the processing technology is simple and the cost is low.
  • the embodiment of the present application proposes a battery 3 , the battery 3 includes the explosion-proof valve 5 in any of the above-mentioned embodiments, and the explosion-proof valve 5 is arranged on the battery cell 31 of the battery 3 .
  • a battery 3 proposed in the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application includes the explosion-proof valve 5 described above, so the battery 3 also has all the advantages of the above-mentioned explosion-proof valve 5 .
  • the embodiment of the present application proposes an electric device, which includes the battery 3 in the above embodiment, and the battery 3 is used to provide electric energy to the electric device.
  • An electrical device proposed in the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application includes the above-mentioned battery 3 , so the electrical device has all the advantages of the above-mentioned battery 3 .
  • the electric device may be any of the aforementioned devices or systems using the battery 3 .
  • the battery 3 can supply power for the electrical device, and the housing 32 of the battery 3 is provided with the explosion-proof valve 5 in the embodiment of the first aspect above, and the inside of the explosion-proof valve 5 is connected with the battery 3 internal connectivity.
  • the front cover 52 moves outwards and opens under the action of the pressure difference inside and outside the battery 3, driving the first connecting piece 521 and the second connecting piece 531 to move along the axial direction of the guide rod 53, As a result, the front cover 52 is opened to release the air pressure inside the battery 3 and reduce the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the battery 3 .
  • the second connecting member 531 drives the front cover 52 to move backward so that the front cover 52 is reconnected with the main body 51 and the inside of the battery 3 is sealed again. And when the internal and external pressure difference of the battery 3 is too large, the larger pressure difference will make the movement stroke of the second connecting member 531 larger.
  • the moving stroke of the second connecting member 531 is greater than the preset stroke, the first connecting member 521 Disconnected from the second connector 531, the front cover 52 is no longer connected to the main body 51 through the first connector 521 and the second connector 531.
  • the battery 3 is connected inside and outside, so that the internal and external pressure difference of the battery 3 is close to zero. Therefore, the explosion-proof valve 5 has a strong pressure relief performance, which can reduce the probability of thermal failure of the battery 3 , thereby improving the safety performance of the battery 3 .

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Abstract

提供了一种防爆阀（5）、电池（3）及用电装置，防爆阀（5）包括主体（51）、前盖（52）、导杆（53）、第一连接件（521）和第二连接件（531）。其中，前盖（52）与主体（51）连接；导杆（53）与主体（51）连接且置于主体（51）内；第一连接件（521）设置于前盖（52）靠近主体（51）的一侧；第一连接件（521）与第二连接件（531）连接，第二连接件（531）设置于导杆（53）靠近前盖（52）的一侧，且第二连接件（531）可沿导杆（53）的轴线方向移动，以使第一连接件（521）及前盖（52）沿导杆（53）的轴线方向移动，且当第二连接件（531）的沿朝向前盖（52）方向上的移动行程大于预设行程时，第一连接件（521）与第二连接件（531）断开连接。前盖（52）不再与主体（51）连接，此时电池（3）内外连通，使得电池（3）的内外压差接近于零，以提高防爆阀（5）的泄压性能，从而提高电池（3）的安全性能。

Description

一种防爆阀、电池及用电装置
本申请要求于2021年11月19日提交的名称为“一种防爆阀、电池及用电装置”的中国专利申请202122844289.3的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电化学装置技术领域，特别是涉及一种防爆阀、电池及用电装置。
 背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
相关技术中，为提高电池的安全性能，在电池的外壳上设置防爆阀。防爆阀能够在电池内部压力较大时对电池进行泄压，以降低电池内外部的压差，从而降低电池发生热失效的概率。而相关技术中的防爆阀的泄压能力不太高，从而导致电池的安全性能不够好。
 技术问题
鉴于相关技术中的防爆阀的泄压能力不高，导致电池的安全性能不够好的问题，本申请实施例提供一种防爆阀、电池及用电装置，以提高防爆阀的泄压性能，从而提高电池的安全性能。
 技术解决方案
第一方面，本申请实施例提出了一种防爆阀，防爆阀包括主体、前盖、导杆、第一连接件和第二连接件。其中，前盖与主体连接；导杆与主体连接且置于主体内；第一连接件设置于前盖靠近主体的一侧；第一连接件与第二连接件连接，第二连接件设置于导杆靠近前盖的一侧，且第二连接件可沿导杆的轴线方向移动，以使第一连接件及前盖沿导杆的轴线方向移动，且当第二连接件的沿朝向前盖方向上的移动行程大于预设行程时，第一连接件与第二连接件断开连接。
在一些实施例中，第一连接件包括卡爪，第二连接件包括与卡爪相匹配的卡扣，卡爪与卡扣卡接；或第一连接件包括卡扣，第二连接件包括卡爪，卡扣与卡爪卡接。由此，当卡扣的移动行程大于预设行程时，卡爪与卡扣断开连接，前盖不再通过第一连接件及第二连接件与主体连接，此时电池内外连通，降低电池的内外压差。
在一些实施例中，导杆包括第一部段和与第一部段连接的第二部段，第一部段可沿自身的轴线方向移动，第二连接件设置于第一部段的远离第二部段的一侧。当电池内部气压大于电池外部气压时，前盖在电池内外压差的作用下向外移动打开，带动第一连接件及第二连接件沿导杆的轴线方向移动，由此，前盖打开将电池内部的气压释放出去，降低电池的内外压差。电池的内外压差降低后，第二连接件带动前盖后移以使前盖重新与主体连接，使电池内部重新处于密封状态。
在一些实施例中，防爆阀还包括弹性元件，弹性元件与第一部段及第二部段连接，且弹性元件套接于第一部段的外侧。弹性元件的回弹力可以带动前盖朝向主体移动以使前盖重新与主体连接。此外前盖在弹性元件的拉力作用下与主体紧密接触，保证防爆阀的密封性。
在一些实施例中，主体和前盖铰接连接。主体和前盖铰接连接，可以使前盖相对于主体转动一定角度，控制前盖打开的角度和方向，避免电池内气体排出影响防爆阀内其他电器件的功能，使防爆阀可以更好的泄压。
在一些实施例中，主体包括与前盖铰接的第一侧壁，以及与第一侧壁相对设置的第二侧壁，导杆相对于第一侧壁更加靠近第二侧壁设置。由此，减小前盖位于导杆上方的部分与主体间的夹角角度，使得电池内的气体更多的由前盖的位于导杆下方的开口排出，从而使得电池内的高压气体更多的向下排放，进一步降低由防爆阀排出的高压气体对电池内其他电器件的影响。
在一些实施例中，防爆阀还包括第一密封件和第二密封件；第一密封件位于前盖与主体之间；第二密封件位于主体的远离前盖的一侧，第二密封件的远离主体的一侧用于与电池壳体连接。第一密封件和第二密封件可以增加防爆阀的气密性，防止电池内的气体泄露或外部气体进入电池内部，降低电池失效的概率。
在一些实施例中，第一密封件及第二密封件为橡胶件或塑料件。
第二方面，本申请实施例提出了一种电池，电池包括上述实施例中任一所述的防爆阀，防爆阀设置于电池的壳体上。
第三方面，本申请实施例提出了一种用电装置，用电装置包括上述实施例中的电池，电池用于向用电装置提供电能。
当然，实施本申请的任一产品或方法并不一定需要同时达到以上所述的所有优点。上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
 有益效果
本申请实施例的技术方案中，防爆阀可以安装于电池的壳体上，且防爆阀的内部与电池的内部连通。当电池内部气压大于电池外部气压时，前盖在电池内外压差的作用下向外移动打开，带动第一连接件及第二连接件沿导杆的轴线方向移动，由此，前盖打开将电池内部的气压释放出去，降低电池的内外压差。电池的内外压差降低后，第二连接件带动前盖后移以使前盖重新与主体连接，使电池内部重新处于密封状态。而当电池的内外压差过大时，较大的压差会使第二连接件的移动行程较大，当第二连接件的移动行程大于预设行程时，第一连接件与第二连接件断开连接，前盖不再通过第一连接件及第二连接件与主体连接，此时电池内外连通，使得电池的内外压差接近于零，由此，防爆阀的泄压性能较强，可以降低电池出现热失效的概率，从而提高电池的安全性能。
 附图说明
通过阅读对下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在全部附图中，用相同的附图标号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1为本申请一些实施例的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例的电池模块的结构示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例的电池的结构示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例的防爆阀的结构示意图；
图5为本申请一些实施例的防爆阀前盖的打开示意图；
图6为本申请一些实施例的防爆阀前盖的关闭示意图；
图7为本申请一些实施例的防爆阀的剖视图。
具体实施方式中的附图标号如下：
1车辆，2马达，3电池，4控制器；31电池单体，32壳体，321第一壳体部，322第二壳体部；5防爆阀，51主体，52前盖，53导杆，54弹性元件，55第一密封件，56第二密封件，511第一侧壁，512第二侧壁，521第一连接件，5211卡爪，522第一侧，523第二侧，531第二连接件，5311卡扣，532第一部段，533第二部段。
 本发明的实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员基于本申请所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上（包括两个），同理，“多组”指的是两组以上（包括两组），“多片”指的是两片以上（包括两片）。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增，而锂电池的安全性能十分重要、是限制锂电池发展的一大因素。
相关技术中，锂电池主要采用刻痕、焊防爆膜等方式作为锂电池的防爆装置，当电池升温电池内部气体膨胀、压力增大到一定程度时刻痕或者防爆膜脱焊、破裂，放气泄压，从而避免电池爆炸，从而提高锂电池的安全性能。而锂电池防爆装置结构上要做到充分的一致性较为困难，并且这种防爆装置放气泄压的启动压力值大，这样在电池发生异常情况下不能立即放气泄压，导致锂电池发生爆炸。为解决上述问题，在电池的外壳上设置防爆阀，以提高锂电池的安全性能。
汽车锂离子电池防爆阀是一种可以透气、防水、防爆的汽车零部件配件，目前在新能源电动汽车上应用比较多。汽车锂离子电池防爆阀将防水透气膜与防爆阀功能集为一体，不但具有传统防爆阀的防爆、降低爆破损害功能，同时还具备防水透气功能。
动力锂离子电池盖板具有耐高温性、高绝缘性、高密封性和良好的安全性能，由于锂离子电池在使用过程中可能出现高温高压气体，假如不能将高温高压气体排出锂离子电池外部就可能发生爆炸起火，引发严重安全事故，所以电池盖板厂家在设计时特在盖板上设有防爆装置，在电芯内部压力过大的情况下，防爆装置会自动打开泄压，以防止出现爆炸的现象。
相关技术中，一般防爆阀是靠重力使防爆门封盖于出气口或者在出气口设置防爆片。当电池的内外压差到达一定数值，即电池内压力达到防爆阀的最大承受压力时，电池内压力使防爆阀中的封盖或防爆片打开从而使内部压力及气体排出，降低内外压差。但相关技术中的防爆阀在泄压后，防爆阀内外仍存在一定压力差，这使得防爆阀泄压能力不够高，无法满足对内外压差要求较高的工艺项目的进行，如喷淋等工艺项目，从而导致电池的安全性能不够好。
为了解决上述问题，申请人经过深入研究，设计了一种防爆阀，即本申请中的防爆阀，可以提高防爆阀的泄压性能，降低电池出现热失效的概率，从而提高电池的安全性能。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电装置，用电装置可以是手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等，电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一实施例的一种用电装置为车辆1为例进行说明。
本申请实施例描述的电池3不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的用电装置，还可以适用于所有使用电池3的装置，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以电动汽车为例进行说明。
例如，请参照图1，车辆1可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1的内部可以设置电池3、控制器4以及马达2，控制器4用来控制电池3为马达2的供电。例如，在车辆1的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池3。电池3可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池3可以作为车辆1的操作电源，用于车辆1的电路系统，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。
在本申请的另一实施例中，电池3不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
请参照图2和图3，电池3包括电池单体31和电池壳体32，电池单体31容纳于电池壳体32内。其中，电池壳体32用于为电池单体31提供容纳空间，电池壳体32可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，电池壳体32可以包括第一壳体部321和第二壳体部322，第一壳体部321与第二壳体部322相互盖合，第一壳体部321和第二壳体部322共同限定出用于容纳电池单体31的容纳空间。第二壳体部322可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一壳体部321可以为板状结构，第一壳体部321盖合于第二壳体部322的开口侧，以使第一壳体部321与第二壳体部322共同限定出容纳空间；第一壳体部321和第二壳体部322也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一壳体部321的开口侧盖合于第二壳体部322的开口侧。当然，第一壳体部321和第二壳体部322形成的电池壳体32可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
请参照图3，在电池3中，电池单体31可以是多个，多个电池单体31之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体31中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体31之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体31构成的整体容纳于电池壳体32内；当然，电池3也可以是多个电池单体31先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于电池壳体32内。电池3还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池3还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体31之间的电连接。例如实现多个电池单体31间的并联或串联或混联。具体地，汇流部件可通过连接电池单体31的电极端子实现电池单体31之间的电连接。进一步地，汇流部件可通过焊接的方式与电池单体31的电极端子固定连接。可选的，汇流部件可以包括导电机构，多个电池单体31所产生的电能可以进一步通过导电机构穿过电池单体31而引出。
其中，每个电池单体31可以为二次电池或一次电池；还可以是锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。电池单体31可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图4-图7，本申请提供了一种防爆阀5。防爆阀5包括主体51、前盖52、导杆53、第一连接件521和第二连接件531。其中，前盖52与主体51连接；导杆53与主体51连接且置于主体51内；第一连接件521设置于前盖52靠近主体51的一侧；第一连接件521与第二连接件531连接，第二连接件531设置于导杆53靠近前盖52的一侧，且第二连接件531可沿导杆53的轴线方向移动，且当第二连接件531的沿朝向前盖52方向上的移动行程大于预设行程时，第一连接件521与第二连接件531断开连接。
本申请实施例中，请参照图4，主体51为防爆阀5的主要组成结构，主体51可以为中空结构，导杆53与主体51连接并置于主体51内部，主体51用以为导杆53提供容纳空间。主体51设置于电池壳体32上并电池壳体32固定连接，且主体51与电池3内部连通，由此主体51能够为电池3内的气体提供释放通道。主体51可以大致呈长方体状或圆柱体状等。主体51的材料可以为金属或塑料等，其中主体51的材料及形状可根据实际需求确定，本申请对此不作具体限定。
本申请实施例中，前盖52与主体51连接，且位于主体51远离电池壳体32的一侧。前盖52可以用于对主体51形成的气体通道的一端起密封作用，防止电池3在正常工作时电池3内部与外部连通。前盖52的形状可以与主体51的开口形状相适配，例如当主体51呈长方体状时，前盖52可以为长方形；当主体51呈圆柱体状时，前盖52可以为圆形。
本申请实施例中，第一连接件521及第二连接件531为分别设置于前盖52及导杆53上，以连接前盖52与导杆53的结构件。第一连接件521能够与第二连接件531适配连接。具体的，第一连接件521设置于前盖52上，第二连接件531设置于导杆53上。前盖52受到电池3内部一定的气体压力时，前盖52打开，即前盖52沿远离主体51的方向移动，前盖52带动第一连接件521移动。由于第一连接件521与第二连接件531连接，第一连接件521能够带动第二连接件531移动，且由于第二连接件531设置于导杆53上，第二连接件531能够带动导杆53移动。此外，由于第二连接件531可沿导杆53的轴线方向移动，第二连接件531可以沿背离前盖52的方向移动，当电池3内的压力释放后，第二连接件531可通过第一连接件521带动前盖52关闭，即带动前盖52重新与主体51连接。
本申请实施例中，预设行程与电池3内外的压力差相关，也就是与电池3内部在发生热失控前所能承受的最大安全压力相关，因此可根据电池3所能承受的最大安全压力设定预设行程，本申请对预设行程的具体数值不作限定。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，防爆阀5可以安装于电池3的电池壳体32上，且防爆阀5的内部与电池3的内部连通。当电池3内部气压大于电池3外部气压时，前盖52在电池3内外压差的作用下向外移动打开，带动第一连接件521及第二连接件531沿导杆53的轴线方向移动，由此，前盖52打开将电池3内部的气压释放出去，降低电池3的内外压差。电池3的内外压差降低后，第二连接件531带动前盖52后移以使前盖52重新与主体51连接，使电池3内部重新处于密封状态。而当电池3的内外压差过大时，较大的压差会使第二连接件531的移动行程较大，当第二连接件531的移动行程大于预设行程时，第一连接件521与第二连接件531断开连接，前盖52不再通过第一连接件521及第二连接件531与主体51连接，如图6所示，此时电池3内外连通，使得电池3的内外压差接近于零，由此，防爆阀5的泄压性能较强，可以降低电池3出现热失效的概率，从而提高电池3的安全性能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图5，第一连接件521包括卡爪5211，第二连接件531包括与卡爪5211相匹配的卡扣5311，卡爪5211与卡扣5311卡接；或第一连接件521包括卡扣，第二连接件531包括卡爪，卡扣与卡爪卡接。
本申请实施例中，请参照图5和图6，前盖52及导杆53通过卡爪和卡扣卡接以实现连接。其中，第一连接件521及第二连接件531可以包括卡爪或卡扣，以第一连接件521包括卡爪5211，第二连接件531包括与卡爪5211相匹配的卡扣5311为例，当电池3内外压差较小时，在内外压差作用下前盖52位移行程较短且设置于前盖52上的卡爪5211受到的冲击力较小，卡爪5211带动卡扣5311与导杆53移动，防爆阀5的前盖52开启。当内外压差减小后，卡扣5311与卡爪5211仍连接，卡爪5211带动卡扣5311及前盖52朝向主体51移动，使得前盖52重新与主体51连接，实现前盖52的关闭。
本申请实施例中，当电池3内外压差较大时，在内外压差作用下前盖52位移行程较长且设置于前盖52上的卡爪5211受到的冲击力较大，使得卡爪5211在冲击力的作用下移动较大距离，即卡爪5211的移动行程大于预设行程时，卡爪5211与卡扣5311断开连接，即前盖52脱扣，前盖52不再通过第一连接件521及第二连接件531与主体51连接。导杆53无法拉紧前盖52进行密封，前盖52打开，电池3内部与外部连通，电池3的内外压差接近于零。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，通过卡爪5211和卡扣5311的卡接，可以使前盖52与导杆53之间实现卡接，当卡扣5311的移动行程大于预设行程时，即电池3内部压力大于防爆阀5的最大承受压力时，卡爪5211与卡扣5311断开连接，前盖52不再通过第一连接件521及第二连接件531与主体51连接，此时电池3内外连通，可以满足一些需要电池3的内外压差接近于零的项目需求，比如喷淋等项目。
本申请实施例中，前盖52及导杆53可以粘接或者磁吸连接等方式实现连接。
本申请实施例中，第一连接件521及第二连接件531还可以为连接为一体的塑胶条，当电池3内外压差较大时，内外压差所形成的冲击力对塑胶条的冲击较大，使得塑胶条断开，前盖52不再通过第一连接件521及第二连接件531与主体51连接，实现电池3内外连通。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图4，导杆53包括第一部段532和与第一部段532连接的第二部段533，第一部段532可沿自身的轴线方向移动，第二连接件531设置于第一部段532的远离第二部段533的一侧。
本申请实施例中，请参照图4和图7，导杆53呈阶梯轴状，且导杆53包括呈圆柱段状的第一部段532及第二部段533。第一部段532可沿自身的轴线方向移动，第二部段533与主体51固定连接，第二连接件531设置于第一部段532的远离第二部段533的一侧。具体的，如图7所示，第二部段533呈中空状，第一部段532在沿自身轴线移动时，第一部段532的部分结构置于第二部段533内，且第一部段532的部分结构可在第二部段533沿轴线方向移动。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，当电池3内部气压大于电池3外部气压时，前盖52在电池3内外压差的作用下向外移动打开，带动第一连接件521及第二连接件531沿导杆53的轴线方向移动，由此，前盖52打开将电池3内部的气压释放出去，降低电池3的内外压差。电池3的内外压差降低后，第二连接件531带动前盖52后移以使前盖52重新与主体51连接，使电池3内部重新处于密封状态。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图4和图7，防爆阀5还包括弹性元件54，弹性元件54与第一部段532及第二部段533连接，且弹性元件54套接于第一部段532的外侧。
本申请实施例中，弹性元件54可以为弹簧等具有弹性的结构件，弹簧包括圆柱形弹簧或塔形弹簧。弹性元件54的一端与第二部段533固定连接，另一端与第一部段532上靠近第二连接件531的一侧连接，弹性元件54可通过自身的弹力及回弹力带动与其连接的第一部段532沿自身轴线方向移动。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，当前盖52受到电池3内部压力形成的冲击力时，前盖52带动第二连接件531及第一部段532沿导杆53的轴线方向移动，弹性元件54处于拉伸状态，此时前盖52打开且电池3内部的高压气体由前盖52排出。当电池3完成泄压后，弹性元件54回弹，弹性元件54的回弹力带动第二连接件531朝向主体51移动，从而带动前盖52朝向主体51移动以使前盖52重新与主体51连接。此外，当前盖52与主体51连接时，前盖52在弹簧的拉力作用下与主体51紧密接触，保证防爆阀5的密封性。此外，弹性元件54还用于在第一部段532沿自身的轴线方向移动的过程中起缓冲作用。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图5，主体51和前盖52铰接连接。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，主体51和前盖52铰接连接，可以使前盖52相对于主体51转动一定角度。如图5所示，前盖52包括与主体51上方连接的第一侧522及与第一侧522相对的第二侧523，当电池3内压力高于外部压力时，内外压差使前盖52以铰接件的中心线为轴线相对于主体51转动，即前盖52的第一侧522仍与主体51连接且第二侧523朝向远离主体51的方向移动。由此，内外压差使得前盖52在第二侧523处形成开口，且开口方向远离第一侧522。
本申请实施例中，当防爆阀5安装于电池壳体32的侧壁上时，可使前盖52的第一侧522靠近壳体32底壁设置，由此当前盖52开启时，前盖52的开口朝下，从而实现对前盖52打开的角度和方向的控制，使得电池3内的高压气体向下排放，降低由防爆阀5排出的高压气体对电池3内其他电器件的影响，使防爆阀5可以更好的泄压。
本申请实施例中，当电池3内外压差较大时，较大的压差使第二连接件531的移动行程大于预设行程，此时第一连接件521与第二连接件531断开连接，前盖52与主体51不再通过第一连接件521及第二连接件531连接，而前盖52的第一侧522仍与主体51铰接，使得前盖52不与主体51完全脱离的同时电池3的内外连通，从而使得电池3内外压差接近于零。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图4和图7，主体51包括与前盖52铰接的第一侧壁511，以及与第一侧壁511相对设置的第二侧壁512，导杆53相对于第一侧壁511更加靠近第二侧壁512设置。
本申请实施例中，请参照图4和图7，第一侧壁511和第二侧壁512设置于主体51上，因导杆53相对于第一侧壁511更加靠近第二侧壁512设置，所以与导杆53上的第二连接件531卡接的第一连接件521也相对于第一侧壁511更加靠近第二侧壁512设置。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，导杆53中第一部段532在自身轴线方向上的移动行程不变时，导杆53在主体51内的位置影响前盖52上侧的开启角度。具体的，当导杆53由中间位置朝向第二侧壁512移动过程中，导杆53的第一部段532的移动距离稳定时，前盖52的位于导杆53上侧的部分与主体51间的夹角逐渐减小。由此，将导杆53设置于更加靠近第二侧壁512的位置，可减小前盖52位于导杆53上方的部分与主体51间的夹角角度，使得电池3内的气体更多的由前盖52的位于导杆53下方的开口排出，从而使得电池3内的高压气体更多的向下排放，进一步降低由防爆阀5排出的高压气体对电池3内其他电器件的影响。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图4和图7，防爆阀5还包括第一密封件55和第二密封件56；第一密封件55位于前盖52与主体51之间；第二密封件56位于主体51的远离前盖52的一侧，第二密封件56的远离主体51的一侧用于与电池壳体32连接。
本申请实施例中，请参照图4和图7，第一密封件55位于前盖52与主体51之间，第二连接件531位于主体51和电池壳体32之间。第一密封件55和第二密封件56可以为同种结构和/或材料的密封件。例如，第一密封件55和第二密封件56可以为密封胶条，且密封胶条可以分别围绕主体51与前盖52和电池壳体32连接的两侧表面的边缘设置。第一密封件55和第二密封件56也可以为密封框，且密封框的形状和尺寸与主体51的形状和尺寸相对应。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，第一密封件55和第二密封件56可以增加防爆阀5的气密性，防止电池3内的气体泄露或外部气体进入电池3内部，降低电池3失效的概率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第一密封件55及第二密封件56为橡胶件或塑料件。
本申请实施例中，当第一密封件55及第二密封件56为橡胶件时，可以提高防爆阀5内部的密闭性，且密封件不易老化，使用寿命较长。当第一密封件55及第二密封件56为塑料件时，第一密封件55及第二密封件56的形状和尺寸可根据主体51形状和尺寸变化，且加工工艺简单，成本较低。
第二方面，本申请实施例提出了一种电池3，电池3括上述实施例中任一的防爆阀5，防爆阀5设置于电池3的电池单体31上。
本申请实施例的技术方案中提出的一种电池3，电池3包括上述任一所述中的防爆阀5，故电池3也具有上述防爆阀5的所有优点。
第三方面，本申请实施例提出了一种用电装置，用电装置包括上述实施例中的电池3，电池3用于向用电装置提供电能。
本申请实施例的技术方案中提出的一种用电装置，用电装置包括上述电池3，故用电装置具有上述电池3的所有优点。用电装置可以是前述任一应用电池3的设备或系统。
根据本申请实施例提出的用电装置中，电池3可以为用电装置供电，电池3的壳体32上设置有上述第一方面实施例中的防爆阀5，防爆阀5的内部与电池3的内部连通。当电池3内部气压大于电池3外部气压时，前盖52在电池3内外压差的作用下向外移动打开，带动第一连接件521及第二连接件531沿导杆53的轴线方向移动，由此，前盖52打开将电池3内部的气压释放出去，降低电池3的内外压差。电池3的内外压差降低后，第二连接件531带动前盖52后移以使前盖52重新与主体51连接，使电池3内部重新处于密封状态。而当电池3的内外压差过大时，较大的压差会使第二连接件531的移动行程较大，当第二连接件531的移动行程大于预设行程时，第一连接件521与第二连接件531断开连接，前盖52不再通过第一连接件521及第二连接件531与主体51连接，此时电池3内外连通，使得电池3的内外压差接近于零，由此，防爆阀5的泄压性能较强，可以降低电池3出现热失效的概率，从而提高电池3的安全性能。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中申请的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种防爆阀，其中，包括：
    主体；
    前盖，所述前盖与所述主体连接；
    导杆，所述导杆与所述主体连接且置于所述主体内；
    第一连接件，所述第一连接件设置于所述前盖靠近所述主体的一侧；
    第二连接件，所述第一连接件与所述第二连接件连接，所述第二连接件设置于所述导杆靠近所述前盖的一侧，且所述第二连接件可沿所述导杆的轴线方向移动，以使所述第一连接件及所述前盖沿所述导杆的轴线方向移动，且当所述第二连接件的沿朝向所述前盖方向上的移动行程大于预设行程时，所述第一连接件与所述第二连接件断开连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的防爆阀，其中，所述第一连接件包括卡爪，所述第二连接件包括与所述卡爪相匹配的卡扣，所述卡爪与所述卡扣卡接；或所述第一连接件包括所述卡扣，所述第二连接件包括所述卡爪，所述卡扣与所述卡爪卡接。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的防爆阀，其中，所述导杆包括第一部段和与所述第一部段连接的第二部段，所述第一部段可沿自身的轴线方向移动，所述第二连接件设置于所述第一部段的远离所述第二部段的一侧。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的防爆阀，其中，所述防爆阀还包括弹性元件，所述弹性元件与所述第一部段及所述第二部段连接，且所述弹性元件套接于所述第一部段的外侧。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任意一项所述的防爆阀，其中，所述主体和所述前盖铰接连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的防爆阀，其中，所述主体包括与所述前盖铰接的第一侧壁，以及与所述第一侧壁相对设置的第二侧壁，所述导杆相对于所述第一侧壁更加靠近所述第二侧壁设置。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任意一项所述的防爆阀，其中，所述防爆阀还包括：
    第一密封件，所述第一密封件位于所述前盖与所述主体之间；
    第二密封件，所述第二密封件位于所述主体的远离所述前盖的一侧，所述第二密封件的远离所述主体的一侧用于与电池壳体连接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的防爆阀，其中，所述第一密封件及所述第二密封件为橡胶件或塑料件。
  9. 一种电池，其中，所述电池包括权利要求1至8中任一项所述的防爆阀，所述防爆阀设置于所述电池的壳体上。
  10. 一种用电装置，其中，所述用电装置包括权利要求9所述的电池，所述电池用于向所述用电装置提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/129782 2021-11-19 2022-11-04 一种防爆阀、电池及用电装置 WO2023088107A1 (zh)

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CN216850210U (zh) * 2021-12-28 2022-06-28 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 用于电池的箱体的防爆阀、电池的箱体、电池和用电设备

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