WO2023087584A1 - 一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置及其使用方法 - Google Patents

一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置及其使用方法 Download PDF

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WO2023087584A1
WO2023087584A1 PCT/CN2022/081709 CN2022081709W WO2023087584A1 WO 2023087584 A1 WO2023087584 A1 WO 2023087584A1 CN 2022081709 W CN2022081709 W CN 2022081709W WO 2023087584 A1 WO2023087584 A1 WO 2023087584A1
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universal
oscillating
power generation
electromagnetic coil
peripheral surface
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PCT/CN2022/081709
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张建
蒋苏豫
殷宝吉
狄陈阳
曹秀清
唐文献
晏飞
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江苏科技大学
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Publication of WO2023087584A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023087584A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1805—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem
    • F03B13/181—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation
    • F03B13/1815—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation with an up-and-down movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/08—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator for removing foreign matter, e.g. mud
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1805—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem
    • F03B13/181—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation
    • F03B13/182—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation with a to-and-fro movement
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of wave power generation, in particular to a universal swing power generation device in a complicated flow and its use method.
  • Wave energy is an ocean energy that accounts for a large proportion of ocean energy.
  • the wave motion of sea water can generate very huge energy. It is estimated that the wave energy in the world's oceans reaches 70 billion kilowatts, accounting for 94% of all ocean energy, and it is the "first household" among all kinds of ocean energy.
  • oscillating water column type At present, there are three most mature structures of wave power generation devices in the world: oscillating water column type, oscillating float type and pendulum type.
  • the rotating mechanism of the oscillating water column is not in direct contact with seawater for maintenance, but the frequency difference between the vibration of the float and the wave is relatively large, resulting in low energy utilization efficiency.
  • the energy conversion efficiency of the oscillating float type is high, but the ability to resist extreme weather is poor.
  • the pendulum wave energy device has high conversion efficiency but needs to be installed on the seabed.
  • a simple energy conversion and power generation system will greatly reduce electromechanical damping, which is beneficial for wave energy devices to absorb wave energy.
  • the invention patent with the application number CN 108561265 A by actively adjusting the ballast water volume, makes the draft and the buoy module reach the same natural frequency as the sea wave.
  • the active control of the device since the prediction of the wave requires additional sensors, measuring and analysis instruments, the reliability of these key components is relatively large, and it is sensitive to the accuracy of the wave prediction. challenge.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a universal swing power generation device under complex flow, fully utilize wave energy, optimize volume, and enhance applicability. And provides its working method.
  • a universal swing power generation device under complex flow including a lifting arm, a spherical shell, an electromagnetic coil frame, a universal ball, a sliding part, a flexible sealing cover, a piston connecting rod, a swing oscillation mechanism, a permanent magnet block,
  • the electromagnetic coil is installed with a lifting arm on the top surface of the spherical shell, and the lower part is connected with the flexible sealing cover to form an inner cavity.
  • the electromagnetic coil frame, universal ball and sliding parts are respectively placed in the inner cavity, and the upper part of the electromagnetic coil frame is connected with the spherical shell.
  • the top surface is connected, the universal ball cover is arranged outside the electromagnetic coil frame, one end of the piston connecting rod penetrates vertically from the bottom of the flexible sealing cover and is connected with the bottom surface of the universal ball, and the other end of the piston connecting rod is connected with the swinging and oscillating mechanism.
  • a plurality of sliding parts are installed on the outer peripheral surface of the ball, and the sliding parts are in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the spherical shell.
  • the sliding part includes a clamping spring, a steel ball limit block, and a steel ball.
  • Multiple groups of blind holes are arranged at intervals on the outer peripheral surface of the universal ball, and each group of blind holes is arranged along the meridian direction of the universal ball.
  • the clamping spring is arranged at the bottom of the blind hole
  • the steel ball is installed on the upper part of the blind hole through the steel ball limit block
  • the opposite sides of the steel ball are respectively against the clamping spring and the inner peripheral surface of the spherical shell.
  • the swing oscillation mechanism includes a conical spring, a compressed air valve, an oscillating float, a seabed valve, and a filter screen.
  • the bottom of the piston connecting rod is passed through and connected to the oscillating float, and the conical spring is between the flexible sealing cover and the oscillating float.
  • Sleeved on the connecting rod of the piston a plurality of compressed air valves are evenly distributed on the top surface of the oscillating float in the circumferential direction, the filter screen is installed on the bottom surface of the oscillating float, and the bottom of the oscillating float is also equipped with a seabed valve.
  • the device also includes a set screw, a pin shaft, and a tension rope.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the swing oscillation mechanism is provided with a plurality of pull rings at intervals, and the lower part of the spherical shell is correspondingly provided with a plurality of pin shafts. It is fixed with the spherical shell, and each pull ring is connected with the corresponding pin shaft through a tension rope respectively.
  • the electromagnetic coil frame is a spherical hollow frame structure composed of at least six edge frames connected at intervals along the circumferential direction, and 6 to 8 groups of electromagnetic coils are wound on the outer surface of each edge frame at intervals along its extending direction.
  • the universal ball is a cage type universal joint, the upper part of which is an open end.
  • top and the bottom of the spherical shell are provided with mounting plates, and a plurality of slide grooves matching the sliding parts are correspondingly provided on the spherical inner peripheral surface, and the material of the spherical shell is high-strength steel.
  • the outer side of the permanent magnet block is an N pole, and the inner side is an S pole.
  • a method for using the above-mentioned universal swing power generation device in a complex flow comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 After fixing the lifting arm in a suitable position, sink the swinging and oscillating mechanism into the water;
  • Step 2 Input the frequency w 0 of the wave according to the wave characteristics of the sea area where it is located;
  • Step 3 use the liquid level sounder to detect and obtain the draft d;
  • Step 4 Calculate the displacement d h ;
  • Step 5 Inhale or discharge the air in the inner chamber of the oscillating oscillation mechanism through the air compressor, and move it up d h or down d h to discharge or inhale sea water; close the air compressor after it is in place.
  • Step 6 After adjusting the resonant frequency, shake the oscillating mechanism to generate electricity.
  • the advantage of the present invention is:
  • the device belongs to a small electromagnetic energy collection device, and the existing wave power generation device has a large volume and is not easy to install. However, the device can fix the boom at a suitable position, and is suitable for being installed on an offshore platform, a wind power pile or a large cruise ship.
  • the device adds a clamping spring for the contact between the steel ball and the spherical surface.
  • the present invention solves the problem that the existing ball cage type universal joint does not have the function of stable movement when in use, and often there is a gap between the channel and the steel ball, which causes the ball cage type universal joint to shake.
  • the device can convert wave energy into electrical energy by using universal swing.
  • a conical wide-frequency response float is designed, and the resonance frequency can be adjusted to improve the power generation efficiency of wave energy. Utilizing the elastic kinetic energy of the conical spring, combined with the air compressor, the water absorption/discharge volume of the float can be adjusted to change the natural frequency.
  • Fig. 1 is the top view structure schematic diagram of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view of A-A of Fig. 1, at this moment, the oscillating float sucks seawater;
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view of A-A of Fig. 1, at this moment, the oscillating float shakes to generate electricity;
  • Fig. 4 is a B-B sectional view of Fig. 1, at which time the oscillating float is locked;
  • Fig. 5 is the structural representation of universal ball
  • Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the electromagnetic coil frame
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a spherical shell
  • Fig. 8 is the arrangement diagram of permanent magnet block
  • Fig. 9 is a flow chart of power generation of the device.
  • a universal swing power generation device under complex flow including a lifting arm 1, a spherical shell 2, an electromagnetic coil frame 3, a universal ball 4, a sliding part, a flexible sealing cover 10, and a piston connection Rod 11, swing oscillation mechanism, permanent magnet block 17, electromagnetic coil 18, set screw 8, bearing pin 9, tension rope 19.
  • the top and bottom of the spherical shell 2 are provided with mounting plates, the spherical shell 2 provides the support force of the whole device, the material of the spherical shell 2 is high-strength steel, the top surface of the spherical shell 2 is connected with the lifting arm 1, and the lifting arm 1 can be installed It is fixed on both sides of the ship or on the semi-submersible platform, and can also be installed on the conical tower of wind power generation.
  • the lower part of the spherical shell 2 is connected with the flexible sealing cover 10 to form an inner cavity, and the electromagnetic coil frame 3, the universal ball 4 and the sliding part are respectively placed in the inner cavity.
  • the upper part of the electromagnetic coil frame 3 is connected to the inner top surface of the spherical shell 2, and the inner top surface of the spherical shell 2 is provided with a notch for fixing the electromagnetic coil frame 3, and the electromagnetic coil frame 3 is composed of at least six edge frames connected at intervals along the circumferential direction.
  • the spherical hollow frame structure, the universal ball 4 is a ball cage type universal joint, and its upper part is an open end, and the universal ball 4 is covered on the outside of the electromagnetic coil frame 3.
  • a plurality of sliding parts are installed on the outer peripheral surface of the universal ball 4, and the sliding parts include a clamping spring 5, a steel ball limit block 6, and a steel ball 7.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the universal ball 4 is provided with multiple groups of blind holes at intervals. Each group of blind holes is arranged along the meridian direction of the universal ball 4, each blind hole is provided with a sliding piece, the clamping spring 5 is arranged at the bottom of the blind hole, and the steel ball 7 is installed on the upper part of the blind hole through the steel ball stopper 6
  • the opposite side surfaces of the steel ball 7 respectively abut against the clamping spring 5 and the inner peripheral surface of the spherical housing 2, and the spherical inner peripheral surface of the spherical housing 2 is correspondingly provided with a plurality of chutes matching the steel ball 7.
  • the clamping spring 5 is set up, which can compress the steel ball 7 body and reduce the collision, and promote the steel ball 7 to be able to move smoothly on the universal ball 4.
  • a steel ball limit block 6 is added, which can slide in the cylindrical wall of the universal ball 7.
  • One end of the piston connecting rod 11 penetrates vertically from the bottom of the flexible sealing cover 10 and is connected with the bottom surface of the universal ball 4, and the other end of the piston connecting rod 11 is connected with the swinging and oscillating mechanism, which includes a conical spring 12 and a compressed air valve 13 , the oscillating float 14, the seabed valve 15, the filter screen 16, the bottom of the piston connecting rod 11 is pierced and connected to the oscillating float 14, the conical spring 12 is sleeved on the piston connecting rod between the flexible sealing cover 10 and the oscillating float 14 11, compressed air valves 13 are evenly distributed in a plurality of circumferential intervals on the top surface of the oscillating float 14, the filter screen 16 is installed on the bottom surface of the oscillating float 14, and the bottom of the oscillating float 14 is also provided with a seabed valve 15.
  • the swinging and oscillating mechanism which includes a conical spring 12 and a compressed air valve 13 , the oscillating float 14, the seabed valve 15, the filter
  • the outer peripheral surface of the oscillating float 14 is provided with a plurality of pull rings at intervals, and the lower part of the spherical shell 2 is correspondingly provided with a plurality of pin shafts 9, and the pin shafts 9 are fixed with the spherical shell 2 by set screws 8, and each pull ring is connected to the corresponding The pin shafts 9 are respectively connected by a tension rope 19 .
  • Oscillating float 14 is a conical shell, wherein part is air, and part is sea water, and when oscillating float 14 moves downward, seabed valve 15 sucks seawater through filter screen 16, and the draft of oscillating float 14 becomes larger.
  • the oscillating float 14 moved upwards the seabed valve 15 pressed out the seawater through the filter screen 16, the draft became smaller and the buoyancy of the oscillating float 14 increased. Because the ball connection can rotate flexibly, the oscillating float 14 can shake under the irregular wave flow.
  • the oscillating float 14 and the universal ball 4 are connected by the piston connecting rod 11, and the universal ball 4 can follow the oscillating float 14 to shake.
  • each edge frame of the electromagnetic coil frame 3 is provided with multiple groups correspondingly on the inner peripheral surface of the universal ball 4 .
  • Universal ball 4, spherical shell 2, electromagnetic coil frame 3 three are arranged on the concentric position.
  • the permanent magnet blocks 17 arranged on the universal ball 4 have N poles on the outside and S poles on the inside, and in a static state, each permanent magnet block 17 corresponds to the electromagnetic coil 18 one by one.
  • the corresponding electromagnetic coil 18 will generate a magnetic induction current, which will be rectified by the rectifier circuit to charge the battery.
  • the permanent magnet block 17 and the electromagnetic coil 18 will swing with three rotational degrees of freedom in the three-dimensional space, and generate electricity during the swinging process.
  • the device mainly includes four states of tension locking, seawater inhalation, shaking power generation and seawater discharge.
  • the two states of inhaling seawater and discharging seawater are both for adjusting the resonance frequency.
  • Tension locking is the initial static state, and its solution is that when the power generating device does not need to work, 6 tension ropes can fix the float without shaking.
  • the state of inhaling seawater is used to adjust the resonant frequency of the oscillating float 14. Open the air compression valve. Chamber, the oscillating float 14 will move down along the piston connecting rod 11.
  • the state of sloshing power generation is the state that the device continues to generate. Under the influence of complicated incoming currents, the sloshing oscillating float 14 will resonate with the waves, thereby generating electricity.
  • the state of discharging seawater is similar to the state of inhaling seawater, both of which are used to adjust the resonance frequency of the oscillating float 14 .
  • the upper cavity of the oscillating float 14 sucks air through the compressed air valve 13, the oscillating float 14 moves upwards, the conical spring is compressed, the volume of the chamber of the oscillating float 14 becomes smaller, and the seawater discharges the seawater through the seabed valve 15.
  • a relational expression between the mass of the oscillating buoy and the natural frequency is established, and the natural frequency of the oscillating buoy is set according to the natural frequency of waves in the sea area by using the relational expression. Make it resonate with the waves, increasing the motion response.
  • the draft of the designed oscillating float is d, and the radius of the oscillating float is R.
  • the natural frequency of the oscillating float is:
  • m is the mass of the oscillating float
  • m w is the additional mass
  • ⁇ is the density (1025kg/m 3 )
  • g is the acceleration of gravity (9.8N/kg)
  • d is the draft
  • m w ⁇ g ⁇ R 2 d h ;
  • H is the height of the truncated cone
  • r is the radius of the small end of the truncated cone
  • m 0 is the mass of the float itself
  • d h is the height of the cylinder.
  • the above-mentioned method of using the universal swing power generation device in a complex flow includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 After fixing the lifting arm in a proper position, loosen the tension rope, and sink the oscillating float into the water;
  • Step 2 Input the frequency w 0 of the wave according to the wave characteristics of the sea area where it is located;
  • Step 3 use the liquid level sounder to detect and obtain the draft d;
  • Step 4 Calculate the displacement d h ;
  • Step 5 The air compressor inhales or discharges the inner chamber of the oscillating float through the compressed air valve, and the float moves up d h or down d h to discharge seawater or inhale seawater, and close the compressed air valve and sea bottom valve after completion;
  • Step 6 After adjusting the resonance frequency, shake the oscillating float to generate electricity.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置，球形外壳（2）的顶面安装吊装臂（1），下部与柔性密封罩（10）连接，构成一个内腔，电磁线圈架（3）、万向球（4）、滑动件分别置于内腔中；电磁线圈架（3）的上部与球形外壳（2）内顶面连接，万向球（4）罩设于电磁线圈架（3）的外部；活塞连接杆（11）一端自柔性密封罩（10）底部垂直穿入并与万向球（4）的底面连接，另一端与摆动振荡机构连接；万向球（4）的外周面上安装有多个滑动件，滑动件与球形外壳（2）的内周面接触；电磁线圈（18）在电磁线圈架（3）的外周面上设有多组，永磁块（17）在万向球（4）的内周面上对应设有多组。本装置适合安装在海洋平台上、风电的桩筒上或者大型邮轮上进行发电。

Description

一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置及其使用方法 技术领域
本发明涉及波浪发电技术领域，尤其是涉及一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置及其使用方法。
背景技术
波浪能是在海洋能中所占比重较大的海洋能源。海水的波浪运动能产生十分巨大的能量。据估算，世界海洋中的波浪能达700亿千瓦，占全部海洋能量的94％，是各种海洋能中的“首户”。
目前世界上的波浪发电装置结构最成熟的有三种：振荡水柱式、振荡浮子式和摆式。振荡水柱式的转动机构不与海水直接接触以便维修，但是浮子振动与波浪之间的频率差异较大，导致能量利用效率较低。振荡浮子式能量转化效率高，但抵抗极端天气的能力差。摆式波浪能装置转化效率高但需要在海底安装。简便的能量转换和发电系统将大幅降低机电阻尼，有利于波浪能装置吸收波浪能。
申请号为CN 108561265 A的发明专利，通过主动调节压载水量，使该吃水深度与浮子模块与海波浪达到相同固有频率。针对装置的主动控制，由于对波浪进行预测需要额外的传感器，测量和分析仪器，对这些关键原件的可靠性依赖性比较大，对波浪预测的准确性比较敏感，在实际运用中会有很大的挑战。
发明内容
发明目的：针对上述问题，本发明的目的是提供一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置，充分利用波浪能，优化体积，增强适用性。并提供了其工作方法。
技术方案：一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置，包括吊装臂、球形外壳、电磁线圈架、万向球、滑动件、柔性密封罩、活塞连接杆、摆动振荡机构、永磁块、电磁线圈，球形外壳的顶面安装吊装臂，下部与柔性密封罩连接，构成一个内腔，电磁线圈架、万向球、滑动件分别置于内腔中，电磁线圈架的上部与球形外壳内顶面连接，万向球罩设于电磁线圈架的外部，活塞连接杆一端自柔性密封罩底部垂直穿入并与万向球的底面连接，活塞连接杆的另一端与摆动振荡机构连接，万向球的外周面上安装有多个滑动件，滑动件与球形外壳的内周面接触，电磁线圈在电磁线圈架的外周面上设有多组，永磁块在万向球的内周面上对应设有多组。
进一步的，滑动件包括卡紧弹簧、钢球限位块、钢球，万向球的外周面上间隔设有多组盲孔，每组盲孔沿万向球的经线方向排列，每个盲孔设有一个滑动件，卡紧弹簧设置于盲孔底部，钢球通过钢球限位块安装于盲孔的上部，钢球的相对两侧面分别与卡紧弹簧以及球形外壳的内周面抵合。
进一步的，摆动振荡机构包括锥形弹簧、压缩空气阀门、振荡浮子、海底阀门、过滤网，活塞连接杆的底部穿设于振荡浮子并与其连接，锥形弹簧在柔性密封罩与振荡浮子之间套设于活塞连接杆上，压缩空气阀门在振荡浮子的顶面周向间隔均布有多个，过滤网安 装于振荡浮子的底面上，振荡浮子的下部还设有海底阀门。
进一步的，本装置还包括紧定螺钉、销轴、张力绳，摆动振荡机构的外周面上间隔设有多个拉环，球形外壳的下部对应设有多个销轴，销轴通过紧定螺钉与球形外壳固定，每个拉环与对应的销轴之间分别通过一根张力绳连接。
最佳的，电磁线圈架为至少有六个棱架沿周向依次间隔连接构成的球形中空框架结构，每个棱架的外侧面上沿其延伸方向间隔缠绕有6～8组电磁线圈。
最佳的，万向球为球笼式万向节，其上部为开放端。
进一步的，球形外壳的顶部和底部均设有安装盘，其球形的内周面上对应设有多个与滑动件匹配的滑槽，球形外壳的材料为高强度钢。
最佳的，永磁块的外侧是N极，内侧是S极。
一种上述的在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置的使用方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：将吊装臂固定在合适的位置后，使摆动振荡机构沉入水中；
步骤二：根据所在海域的波浪特征输入波浪的频率w 0；
步骤三：利用液位探深器检测得到吃水深度d；
步骤四：计算得到位移量d h；
步骤五：通过空压机吸入或排出摆动振荡机构的内腔室空气，使其向上移动d h或向下移动d h实现排出海水或吸入海水；结束到位后关闭空压机。
步骤六：调节好共振频率后，摆动振荡机构晃动发电。
有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明的优点是：
该装置属于小型的电磁式能量收集装置，现有的波浪发电装置体积较大并且安装不易。而本装置可以将吊臂固定在合适的位置，且适合安装在海洋平台上、风电的桩筒上或者大型邮轮上。
该装置为钢球与球面的接触，添加了卡紧弹簧。解决了现有的球笼式万向节在使用时不具备运动平稳的功能，往往沟道与钢球之间存在空隙，造成球笼式万向节晃动的问题。
由于波浪的运动较为复杂，结合了电磁式的发电，本装置能利用万向摆动将波浪能转为电能。
设计了圆锥形的宽频响应浮子，并且可以调节共振频率以提高波浪能的发电效率。利用锥形弹簧的弹性动能，和空气压缩机相结合，可以调节浮子吸水/排水体积，以改变固有频率。
附图说明
图1为本发明的俯视结构示意图；
图2为图1的A-A剖视图，此时振荡浮子吸入海水；
图3为图1的A-A剖视图，此时振荡浮子晃动发电；
图4为图1的B-B剖视图，此时振荡浮子被锁紧；
图5为万向球的结构示意图；
图6为电磁线圈架的结构示意图；
图7为球形外壳的结构示意图；
图8为永磁块的布置图；
图9为本装置的发电流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例，进一步阐明本发明，应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置，如图1～8所示，包括吊装臂1、球形外壳2、电磁线圈架3、万向球4、滑动件、柔性密封罩10、活塞连接杆11、摆动振荡机构、永磁块17、电磁线圈18、紧定螺钉8、销轴9、张力绳19。
球形外壳2的顶部和底部均设有安装盘，球形外壳2提供整个装置的支撑力，球形外壳2的材料为高强度钢，球形外壳2的顶面与吊装臂1连接，吊装臂1可以安装固定在船舶两侧或者半潜平台上，也可以装在风力发电的锥形塔筒上。球形外壳2下部与柔性密封罩10连接，构成一个内腔，电磁线圈架3、万向球4、滑动件分别置于内腔中。
电磁线圈架3的上部与球形外壳2内顶面连接，球形外壳2内顶面设有固定电磁线圈架3的槽口，电磁线圈架3为至少有六个棱架沿周向依次间隔连接构成的球形中空框架结构，万向球4为球笼式万向节，其上部为开放端，万向球4罩设于电磁线圈架3的外部。
万向球4的外周面上安装有多个滑动件，滑动件包括卡紧弹簧5、钢球限位块6、钢球7，万向球4的外周面上间隔设有多组盲孔，每组盲孔沿万向球4的经线方向排列，每个盲孔设有一个滑动件，卡紧弹簧5设置于盲孔底部，钢球7通过钢球限位块6安装于盲孔的上部，钢球7的相对两侧面分别与卡紧弹簧5以及球形外壳2的内周面抵合，球形外壳2的球形内周面上对应设有多个与钢球7匹配的滑槽。因为钢球7与万向球4存在碰撞，由此设置了卡紧弹簧5，对钢球7本体能起到压紧、减少碰撞的作用，推动钢球7能够平稳的在万向球4的滑道内滑动，添加了钢球限位块6，其会在万向球7的圆柱形筒壁内滑动。
活塞连接杆11一端自柔性密封罩10底部垂直穿入并与万向球4的底面连接，活塞连接杆11的另一端与摆动振荡机构连接，摆动振荡机构包括锥形弹簧12、压缩空气阀门13、振荡浮子14、海底阀门15、过滤网16，活塞连接杆11的底部穿设于振荡浮子14并与其连接，锥形弹簧12在柔性密封罩10与振荡浮子14之间套设于活塞连接杆11上，压缩空气阀门13在振荡浮子14的顶面周向间隔均布有多个，过滤网16安装于振荡浮子14的底面上，振荡浮子14的下部还设有海底阀门15。
振荡浮子14的外周面上间隔设有多个拉环，球形外壳2的下部对应设有多个销轴9，销轴9通过紧定螺钉8与球形外壳2固定，每个拉环与对应的销轴9之间分别通过一根张力绳19连接。
振荡浮子14为锥壳，其中部分是空气，部分是海水，当振荡浮子14向下移动时，海底阀门15经过滤网16吸入海水，振荡浮子14的吃水深度变大。振荡浮子14向上移动时，海底阀门15经过滤网16压出海水，吃水深度变小且振荡浮子14的浮力增加。因为球连接能灵活旋转，所以振荡浮子14会在无规则的波浪流下产生晃动，振荡浮子14与万向球4是利用活塞连接杆11连接，万向球4会跟着振荡浮子14晃动。
电磁线圈架3每个棱架的外侧面上沿其延伸方向间隔缠绕有6～8组电磁线圈18，永磁块17在万向球4的内周面上对应设有多组。万向球4、球形外壳2、电磁线圈架3三者设置 在同心位置上。布置在万向球4上的永磁块17，外侧是N极，内侧是S极，且静止状态下，每一个永磁块17与电磁线圈18一一对应。当永磁块17的位置发生变化时，对应的电磁线圈18会产生磁感电流，通过整流电路整流后，给蓄电池冲电。永磁块17会与电磁线圈18在立体空间内做3个旋转自由度的摆动，在摆动的过程中完成发电。
本装置主要包括张力锁紧、吸入海水、晃动发电和排出海水四个状态。吸入海水和排出海水这两个状态均是为了调节共振频率。张力锁紧是初始的静止状态，其解决的是当该发电装置在不需要工作时，6个张力绳能将浮子固定，不发生晃动。吸入海水的状态是用于调节振荡浮子14的共振频率，打开空气压缩阀门，振荡浮子14自身的重力和锥形弹簧弹力的合力大于浮力时，依靠重力浸水的方式，海水浸入振荡浮子14的下腔室，振荡浮子14会沿着活塞连接杆11向下移动。晃动发电的状态是本装置持续发生的状态，在复杂的来流影响下，晃动的振荡浮子14会和波浪发生共振，并由此发电。排出海水的状态和吸入海水状态类似，都是用于调节振荡浮子14的共振频率。振荡浮子14的上腔经过压缩空气阀门13吸入空气，振荡浮子14向上移动，锥形弹簧被压缩，振荡浮子14的腔室容积变小，海水经过海底阀门15排出了海水。
建立振荡浮子质量和自振频率的关系式，利用该关系式根据海域的波浪的固有频率，设定振荡浮子的固有频率。使其与波浪发生共振，增大运动响应。设计振荡浮子的吃水深度为d，振荡浮子的半径为R。振荡浮子的固有频率为：
Figure PCTCN2022081709-appb-000001
式中：m为振荡浮子质量，m w是附加质量，ρ是密度(1025kg/m 3)，g是重力加速度(9.8N/kg)，d是吃水深度；
Figure PCTCN2022081709-appb-000002
m w＝ρgπR 2d h；
式中，H是锥台高度，r是锥台小端半径，m 0是浮子本身质量，d h是柱体的高度。由上述公式可根据d h调节浮子向上移动使浮子工作于近共振状态对应垂荡固有频率f z对应的最佳浮子吃水深度。根据计算得出结果，控制压缩空气在浮子的上腔室的含量，完成对振荡浮子吃水深度的调节。
如图2，设初始的浮子吃水深度是0.2m，得到波浪的频率为w 0，令w 0＝f z；由此计算d h：
Figure PCTCN2022081709-appb-000003
上述的在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置的使用方法，如图9所示，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：将吊装臂固定在合适的位置后，把张力绳松开，振荡浮子沉入水中；
步骤二：根据所在海域的波浪特征输入波浪的频率w 0；
步骤三：利用液位探深器检测得到吃水深度d；
步骤四：计算得到位移量d h；
步骤五：空压机经过压缩空气阀吸入或排出振荡浮子的内腔室，浮子向上移动d h或向下移动d h实现排出海水或吸入海水，结束后关闭压缩空气阀门和海底阀门；
步骤六：调节好共振频率后，振荡浮子晃动发电。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置，其特征在于：包括吊装臂(1)、球形外壳(2)、电磁线圈架(3)、万向球(4)、滑动件、柔性密封罩(10)、活塞连接杆(11)、摆动振荡机构、永磁块(17)、电磁线圈(18)，球形外壳(2)的顶面安装吊装臂(1)，下部与柔性密封罩(10)连接，构成一个内腔，电磁线圈架(3)、万向球(4)、滑动件分别置于内腔中，电磁线圈架(3)的上部与球形外壳(2)内顶面连接，万向球(4)罩设于电磁线圈架(3)的外部，活塞连接杆(11)一端自柔性密封罩(10)底部垂直穿入并与万向球(4)的底面连接，活塞连接杆(11)的另一端与摆动振荡机构连接，万向球(4)的外周面上安装有多个滑动件，滑动件与球形外壳(2)的内周面接触，电磁线圈(18)在电磁线圈架(3)的外周面上设有多组，永磁块(17)在万向球(4)的内周面上对应设有多组。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置，其特征在于：滑动件包括卡紧弹簧(5)、钢球限位块(6)、钢球(7)，万向球(4)的外周面上间隔设有多组盲孔，每组盲孔沿万向球(4)的经线方向排列，每个盲孔设有一个滑动件，卡紧弹簧(5)设置于盲孔底部，钢球(7)通过钢球限位块(6)安装于盲孔的上部，钢球(7)的相对两侧面分别与卡紧弹簧(5)以及球形外壳(2)的内周面抵合。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置，其特征在于：摆动振荡机构包括锥形弹簧(12)、压缩空气阀门(13)、振荡浮子(14)、海底阀门(15)、过滤网(16)，活塞连接杆(11)的底部穿设于振荡浮子(14)并与其连接，锥形弹簧(12)在柔性密封罩(10)与振荡浮子(14)之间套设于活塞连接杆(11)上，压缩空气阀门(13)在振荡浮子(14)的顶面周向间隔均布有多个，过滤网(16)安装于振荡浮子(14)的底面上，振荡浮子(14)的下部还设有海底阀门(15)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置，其特征在于：还包括紧定螺钉(8)、销轴(9)、张力绳(19)，摆动振荡机构的外周面上间隔设有多个拉环，球形外壳(2)的下部对应设有多个销轴(9)，销轴(9)通过紧定螺钉(8)与球形外壳(2)固定，每个拉环与对应的销轴(9)之间分别通过一根张力绳(19)连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置，其特征在于：电磁线圈架(3)为至少有六个棱架沿周向依次间隔连接构成的球形中空框架结构，每个棱架的外侧面上沿其延伸方向间隔缠绕有6～8组电磁线圈(18)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置，其特征在于：万向球(4)为球笼式万向节，其上部为开放端。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置，其特征在于：球形外壳(2)的顶部和底部均设有安装盘，其球形的内周面上对应设有多个与滑动件匹配的滑槽，球形外壳(2)的材料为高强度钢。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置，其特征在于：永磁块(17)的外侧是N极，内侧是S极。
  9. 一种权利要求1～8任一所述的在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置的使用方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
    步骤一：将吊装臂固定在合适的位置后，使摆动振荡机构沉入水中；
    步骤二：根据所在海域的波浪特征输入波浪的频率w 0；
    步骤三：利用液位探深器检测得到吃水深度d；
    步骤四：计算得到位移量d h；
    步骤五：通过空压机吸入或排出摆动振荡机构的内腔室空气，使其向上移动d h或向下移动d h实现排出海水或吸入海水；结束到位后关闭空压机。
    步骤六：调节好共振频率后，摆动振荡机构晃动发电。
PCT/CN2022/081709 2021-11-19 2022-03-18 一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置及其使用方法 WO2023087584A1 (zh)

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