CN114109708A - 一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置及其使用方法 - Google Patents

一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置及其使用方法 Download PDF

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CN114109708A
CN114109708A CN202111401488.5A CN202111401488A CN114109708A CN 114109708 A CN114109708 A CN 114109708A CN 202111401488 A CN202111401488 A CN 202111401488A CN 114109708 A CN114109708 A CN 114109708A
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蒋苏豫
张建
殷宝吉
狄陈阳
唐文献
晏飞
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Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置，球形外壳的顶面安装吊装臂，下部与柔性密封罩连接，构成一个内腔，电磁线圈架、万向球、滑动件分别置于内腔中，电磁线圈架的上部与球形外壳内顶面连接，万向球罩设于电磁线圈架的外部，活塞连接杆一端自柔性密封罩底部垂直穿入并与万向球的底面连接，活塞连接杆的另一端与摆动振荡机构连接，万向球的外周面上安装有多个滑动件，滑动件与球形外壳的内周面接触，电磁线圈在电磁线圈架的外周面上设有多组，永磁块在万向球的内周面上对应设有多组。本装置可以将吊臂固定在合适的位置，且适合安装在海洋平台上、风电的桩筒上或者大型邮轮上。

Description

一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置及其使用方法
技术领域
本发明涉及波浪发电技术领域，尤其是涉及一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置及其使用方法。
背景技术
波浪能是在海洋能中所占比重较大的海洋能源。海水的波浪运动能产生十分巨大的能量。据估算，世界海洋中的波浪能达700亿千瓦，占全部海洋能量的94％，是各种海洋能中的“首户”。
目前世界上的波浪发电装置结构最成熟的有三种：振荡水柱式、振荡浮子式和摆式。振荡水柱式的转动机构不与海水直接接触以便维修，但是浮子振动与波浪之间的频率差异较大，导致能量利用效率较低。振荡浮子式能量转化效率高，但抵抗极端天气的能力差。摆式波浪能装置转化效率高但需要在海底安装。简便的能量转换和发电系统将大幅降低机电阻尼，有利于波浪能装置吸收波浪能。
申请号为CN 108561265 A的发明专利，通过主动调节压载水量，使该吃水深度与浮子模块与海波浪达到相同固有频率。针对装置的主动控制，由于对波浪进行预测需要额外的传感器，测量和分析仪器，对这些关键原件的可靠性依赖性比较大，对波浪预测的准确性比较敏感，在实际运用中会有很大的挑战。
发明内容
发明目的：针对上述问题，本发明的目的是提供一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置，充分利用波浪能，优化体积，增强适用性。并提供了其工作方法。
技术方案：一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置，包括吊装臂、球形外壳、电磁线圈架、万向球、滑动件、柔性密封罩、活塞连接杆、摆动振荡机构、永磁块、电磁线圈，球形外壳的顶面安装吊装臂，下部与柔性密封罩连接，构成一个内腔，电磁线圈架、万向球、滑动件分别置于内腔中，电磁线圈架的上部与球形外壳内顶面连接，万向球罩设于电磁线圈架的外部，活塞连接杆一端自柔性密封罩底部垂直穿入并与万向球的底面连接，活塞连接杆的另一端与摆动振荡机构连接，万向球的外周面上安装有多个滑动件，滑动件与球形外壳的内周面接触，电磁线圈在电磁线圈架的外周面上设有多组，永磁块在万向球的内周面上对应设有多组。
进一步的，滑动件包括卡紧弹簧、钢球限位块、钢球，万向球的外周面上间隔设有多组盲孔，每组盲孔沿万向球的经线方向排列，每个盲孔设有一个滑动件，卡紧弹簧设置于盲孔底部，钢球通过钢球限位块安装于盲孔的上部，钢球的相对两侧面分别与卡紧弹簧以及球形外壳的内周面抵合。
进一步的，摆动振荡机构包括锥形弹簧、压缩空气阀门、振荡浮子、海底阀门、过滤网，活塞连接杆的底部穿设于振荡浮子并与其连接，锥形弹簧在柔性密封罩与振荡浮子之间套设于活塞连接杆上，压缩空气阀门在振荡浮子的顶面周向间隔均布有多个，过滤网安装于振荡浮子的底面上，振荡浮子的下部还设有海底阀门。
进一步的，本装置还包括紧定螺钉、销轴、张力绳，摆动振荡机构的外周面上间隔设有多个拉环，球形外壳的下部对应设有多个销轴，销轴通过紧定螺钉与球形外壳固定，每个拉环与对应的销轴之间分别通过一根张力绳连接。
最佳的，电磁线圈架为至少有六个棱架沿周向依次间隔连接构成的球形中空框架结构，每个棱架的外侧面上沿其延伸方向间隔缠绕有6～8组电磁线圈。
最佳的，万向球为球笼式万向节，其上部为开放端。
进一步的，球形外壳的顶部和底部均设有安装盘，其球形的内周面上对应设有多个与滑动件匹配的滑槽，球形外壳的材料为高强度钢。
最佳的，永磁块的外侧是N极，内侧是S极。
一种上述的在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置的使用方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：将吊装臂固定在合适的位置后，使摆动振荡机构沉入水中；
步骤二：根据所在海域的波浪特征输入波浪的频率w0；
步骤三：利用液位探深器检测得到吃水深度d；
步骤四：计算得到位移量dh；
步骤五：通过空压机吸入或排出摆动振荡机构的内腔室空气，使其向上移动dh或向下移动dh实现排出海水或吸入海水；结束到位后关闭空压机。
步骤六：调节好共振频率后，摆动振荡机构晃动发电。
有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明的优点是：
该装置属于小型的电磁式能量收集装置，现有的波浪发电装置体积较大并且安装不易。而本装置可以将吊臂固定在合适的位置，且适合安装在海洋平台上、风电的桩筒上或者大型邮轮上。
该装置为钢球与球面的接触，添加了卡紧弹簧。解决了现有的球笼式万向节在使用时不具备运动平稳的功能，往往沟道与钢球之间存在空隙，造成球笼式万向节晃动的问题。
由于波浪的运动较为复杂，结合了电磁式的发电，本装置能利用万向摆动将波浪能转为电能。
设计了圆锥形的宽频响应浮子，并且可以调节共振频率以提高波浪能的发电效率。利用锥形弹簧的弹性动能，和空气压缩机相结合，可以调节浮子吸水/排水体积，以改变固有频率。
附图说明
图1为本发明的俯视结构示意图；
图2为图1的A-A剖视图，此时振荡浮子吸入海水；
图3为图1的A-A剖视图，此时振荡浮子晃动发电；
图4为图1的B-B剖视图，此时振荡浮子被锁紧；
图5为万向球的结构示意图；
图6为电磁线圈架的结构示意图；
图7为球形外壳的结构示意图；
图8为永磁块的布置图；
图9为本装置的发电流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例，进一步阐明本发明，应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置，如图1～8所示，包括吊装臂1、球形外壳2、电磁线圈架3、万向球4、滑动件、柔性密封罩10、活塞连接杆11、摆动振荡机构、永磁块17、电磁线圈18、紧定螺钉8、销轴9、张力绳19。
球形外壳2的顶部和底部均设有安装盘，球形外壳2提供整个装置的支撑力，球形外壳2的材料为高强度钢，球形外壳2的顶面与吊装臂1连接，吊装臂1可以安装固定在船舶两侧或者半潜平台上，也可以装在风力发电的锥形塔筒上。球形外壳2下部与柔性密封罩10连接，构成一个内腔，电磁线圈架3、万向球4、滑动件分别置于内腔中。
电磁线圈架3的上部与球形外壳2内顶面连接，球形外壳2内顶面设有固定电磁线圈架3的槽口，电磁线圈架3为至少有六个棱架沿周向依次间隔连接构成的球形中空框架结构，万向球4为球笼式万向节，其上部为开放端，万向球4罩设于电磁线圈架3的外部。
万向球4的外周面上安装有多个滑动件，滑动件包括卡紧弹簧5、钢球限位块6、钢球7，万向球4的外周面上间隔设有多组盲孔，每组盲孔沿万向球4的经线方向排列，每个盲孔设有一个滑动件，卡紧弹簧5设置于盲孔底部，钢球7通过钢球限位块6安装于盲孔的上部，钢球7的相对两侧面分别与卡紧弹簧5以及球形外壳2的内周面抵合，球形外壳2的球形内周面上对应设有多个与钢球7匹配的滑槽。因为钢球7与万向球4存在碰撞，由此设置了卡紧弹簧5，对钢球7本体能起到压紧、减少碰撞的作用，推动钢球7能够平稳的在万向球4的滑道内滑动，添加了钢球限位块6，其会在万向球7的圆柱形筒壁内滑动。
活塞连接杆11一端自柔性密封罩10底部垂直穿入并与万向球4的底面连接，活塞连接杆11的另一端与摆动振荡机构连接，摆动振荡机构包括锥形弹簧12、压缩空气阀门13、振荡浮子14、海底阀门15、过滤网16，活塞连接杆11的底部穿设于振荡浮子14并与其连接，锥形弹簧12在柔性密封罩10与振荡浮子14之间套设于活塞连接杆11上，压缩空气阀门13在振荡浮子14的顶面周向间隔均布有多个，过滤网16安装于振荡浮子14的底面上，振荡浮子14的下部还设有海底阀门15。
振荡浮子14的外周面上间隔设有多个拉环，球形外壳2的下部对应设有多个销轴9，销轴9通过紧定螺钉8与球形外壳2固定，每个拉环与对应的销轴9之间分别通过一根张力绳19连接。
振荡浮子14为锥壳，其中部分是空气，部分是海水，当振荡浮子14向下移动时，海底阀门15经过滤网16吸入海水，振荡浮子14的吃水深度变大。振荡浮子14向上移动时，海底阀门15经过滤网16压出海水，吃水深度变小且振荡浮子14的浮力增加。因为球连接能灵活旋转，所以振荡浮子14会在无规则的波浪流下产生晃动，振荡浮子14与万向球4是利用活塞连接杆11连接，万向球4会跟着振荡浮子14晃动。
电磁线圈架3每个棱架的外侧面上沿其延伸方向间隔缠绕有6～8组电磁线圈18，永磁块17在万向球4的内周面上对应设有多组。万向球4、球形外壳2、电磁线圈架3三者设置在同心位置上。布置在万向球4上的永磁块17，外侧是N极，内侧是S极，且静止状态下，每一个永磁块17与电磁线圈18一一对应。当永磁块17的位置发生变化时，对应的电磁线圈18会产生磁感电流，通过整流电路整流后，给蓄电池冲电。永磁块17会与电磁线圈18在立体空间内做3个旋转自由度的摆动，在摆动的过程中完成发电。
本装置主要包括张力锁紧、吸入海水、晃动发电和排出海水四个状态。吸入海水和排出海水这两个状态均是为了调节共振频率。张力锁紧是初始的静止状态，其解决的是当该发电装置在不需要工作时，6个张力绳能将浮子固定，不发生晃动。吸入海水的状态是用于调节振荡浮子14的共振频率，打开空气压缩阀门，振荡浮子14自身的重力和锥形弹簧弹力的合力大于浮力时，依靠重力浸水的方式，海水浸入振荡浮子14的下腔室，振荡浮子14会沿着活塞连接杆11向下移动。晃动发电的状态是本装置持续发生的状态，在复杂的来流影响下，晃动的振荡浮子14会和波浪发生共振，并由此发电。排出海水的状态和吸入海水状态类似，都是用于调节振荡浮子14的共振频率。振荡浮子14的上腔经过压缩空气阀门13吸入空气，振荡浮子14向上移动，锥形弹簧被压缩，振荡浮子14的腔室容积变小，海水经过海底阀门15排出了海水。
建立振荡浮子质量和自振频率的关系式，利用该关系式根据海域的波浪的固有频率，设定振荡浮子的固有频率。使其与波浪发生共振，增大运动响应。设计振荡浮子的吃水深度为d，振荡浮子的半径为R。振荡浮子的固有频率为：
Figure BDA0003364211700000051
式中：m为振荡浮子质量，mw是附加质量，ρ是密度(1025kg/m3)，g是重力加速度(9.8N/kg)，d是吃水深度；
Figure BDA0003364211700000052
mw＝ρgπR2dh；
式中，H是锥台高度，r是锥台小端半径，m0是浮子本身质量，dh是柱体的高度。由上述公式可根据dh调节浮子向上移动使浮子工作于近共振状态对应垂荡固有频率fz对应的最佳浮子吃水深度。根据计算得出结果，控制压缩空气在浮子的上腔室的含量，完成对振荡浮子吃水深度的调节。
如图2，设初始的浮子吃水深度是0.2m，得到波浪的频率为w0，令w0＝fz；由此计算dh：
Figure BDA0003364211700000061
上述的在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置的使用方法，如图9所示，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：将吊装臂固定在合适的位置后，把张力绳松开，振荡浮子沉入水中；
步骤二：根据所在海域的波浪特征输入波浪的频率w0；
步骤三：利用液位探深器检测得到吃水深度d；
步骤四：计算得到位移量dh；
步骤五：空压机经过压缩空气阀吸入或排出振荡浮子的内腔室，浮子向上移动dh或向下移动dh实现排出海水或吸入海水，结束后关闭压缩空气阀门和海底阀门；
步骤六：调节好共振频率后，振荡浮子晃动发电。

Claims (9)

1.一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置，其特征在于：包括吊装臂(1)、球形外壳(2)、电磁线圈架(3)、万向球(4)、滑动件、柔性密封罩(10)、活塞连接杆(11)、摆动振荡机构、永磁块(17)、电磁线圈(18)，球形外壳(2)的顶面安装吊装臂(1)，下部与柔性密封罩(10)连接，构成一个内腔，电磁线圈架(3)、万向球(4)、滑动件分别置于内腔中，电磁线圈架(3)的上部与球形外壳(2)内顶面连接，万向球(4)罩设于电磁线圈架(3)的外部，活塞连接杆(11)一端自柔性密封罩(10)底部垂直穿入并与万向球(4)的底面连接，活塞连接杆(11)的另一端与摆动振荡机构连接，万向球(4)的外周面上安装有多个滑动件，滑动件与球形外壳(2)的内周面接触，电磁线圈(18)在电磁线圈架(3)的外周面上设有多组，永磁块(17)在万向球(4)的内周面上对应设有多组。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置，其特征在于：滑动件包括卡紧弹簧(5)、钢球限位块(6)、钢球(7)，万向球(4)的外周面上间隔设有多组盲孔，每组盲孔沿万向球(4)的经线方向排列，每个盲孔设有一个滑动件，卡紧弹簧(5)设置于盲孔底部，钢球(7)通过钢球限位块(6)安装于盲孔的上部，钢球(7)的相对两侧面分别与卡紧弹簧(5)以及球形外壳(2)的内周面抵合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置，其特征在于：摆动振荡机构包括锥形弹簧(12)、压缩空气阀门(13)、振荡浮子(14)、海底阀门(15)、过滤网(16)，活塞连接杆(11)的底部穿设于振荡浮子(14)并与其连接，锥形弹簧(12)在柔性密封罩(10)与振荡浮子(14)之间套设于活塞连接杆(11)上，压缩空气阀门(13)在振荡浮子(14)的顶面周向间隔均布有多个，过滤网(16)安装于振荡浮子(14)的底面上，振荡浮子(14)的下部还设有海底阀门(15)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置，其特征在于：还包括紧定螺钉(8)、销轴(9)、张力绳(19)，摆动振荡机构的外周面上间隔设有多个拉环，球形外壳(2)的下部对应设有多个销轴(9)，销轴(9)通过紧定螺钉(8)与球形外壳(2)固定，每个拉环与对应的销轴(9)之间分别通过一根张力绳(19)连接。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置，其特征在于：电磁线圈架(3)为至少有六个棱架沿周向依次间隔连接构成的球形中空框架结构，每个棱架的外侧面上沿其延伸方向间隔缠绕有6～8组电磁线圈(18)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置，其特征在于：万向球(4)为球笼式万向节，其上部为开放端。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置，其特征在于：球形外壳(2)的顶部和底部均设有安装盘，其球形的内周面上对应设有多个与滑动件匹配的滑槽，球形外壳(2)的材料为高强度钢。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置，其特征在于：永磁块(17)的外侧是N极，内侧是S极。
9.一种权利要求1～8任一所述的在复杂来流下的万向摆动发电装置的使用方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
步骤一：将吊装臂固定在合适的位置后，使摆动振荡机构沉入水中；
步骤二：根据所在海域的波浪特征输入波浪的频率w0；
步骤三：利用液位探深器检测得到吃水深度d；
步骤四：计算得到位移量dh；
步骤五：通过空压机吸入或排出摆动振荡机构的内腔室空气，使其向上移动dh或向下移动dh实现排出海水或吸入海水；结束到位后关闭空压机。
步骤六：调节好共振频率后，摆动振荡机构晃动发电。
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