WO2023085441A1 - Structure macroporeuse - Google Patents

Structure macroporeuse Download PDF

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WO2023085441A1
WO2023085441A1 PCT/JP2022/042460 JP2022042460W WO2023085441A1 WO 2023085441 A1 WO2023085441 A1 WO 2023085441A1 JP 2022042460 W JP2022042460 W JP 2022042460W WO 2023085441 A1 WO2023085441 A1 WO 2023085441A1
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poly
mixture
block copolymer
cells
polysaccharide
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PCT/JP2022/042460
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Japanese (ja)
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昌治 竹内
みどり 根岸
文智 小沢
淳 澤山
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国立大学法人東京大学
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/32—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. carbomers, poly(meth)acrylates, or polyvinyl pyrrolidone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
    • A61K47/38—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/06—Ointments; Bases therefor; Other semi-solid forms, e.g. creams, sticks, gels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/24—Dialysis ; Membrane extraction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/06—Organic material
    • B01D71/08—Polysaccharides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/06—Organic material
    • B01D71/08—Polysaccharides
    • B01D71/10—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
    • C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G81/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/26—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a solid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. leaching out
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
    • C08L101/02—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. terminal or pendant functional groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L5/00—Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08L1/00 or C08L3/00

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mixture containing a polysaccharide, a block copolymer of a polymer having a lower critical solution temperature and a hydrophilic polymer, and a macroporous structure.
  • N-isopropylacrylamide polymer poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)
  • PNIPAM poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)
  • 1 A. Halperin, M. Kroger, FM Winnik, Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015, 54, 15342-15367).
  • PNIPAM has both a hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group in the side chain, and when it is a linear polymer, it has a lower critical solution temperature (LCST: lower critical solution temperature) at 32 ° C.
  • LCST lower critical solution temperature
  • Non-Patent Document 1 indicates the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT).
  • PNIPAM has the property that the gel swells when the temperature of the aqueous solution is below VPTT, whereas the gel shrinks when the temperature is above VPTT. Therefore, PNIPAM is expected to be applied to various fields such as drug delivery systems (DDS), actuators, immobilized enzymes, and biosensors.
  • DDS drug delivery systems
  • actuators immobilized enzymes
  • biosensors biosensors.
  • alginate gel is characterized by its high biocompatibility, mild gelation conditions, and fast gelation rate, and is widely used as a material for foodstuffs and grafts for transplantation.
  • alginate gels it is difficult to change the pore size of the gel significantly, and problems remain, such as the impediment of permeation and release of secretions, bacteria, viruses, etc., and the inability of cell bodies to pass through the gel. It is
  • the present invention is as follows. [1] A mixture containing a polysaccharide and a block copolymer of a polymer having a lower critical solution temperature and a hydrophilic polymer. [2] The mixture according to [1], wherein the polysaccharide is at least one selected from the group consisting of alginic acid, starch, glycogen, cellulose, xanthan gum, hyaluronic acid, carrageenan, pectin and pullulan, and salts thereof.
  • the polymer having a lower critical solution temperature is at least one selected from the group consisting of poly(N-alkylacrylamide), poly(N-vinylalkylamide) and polyvinylalkyl ether.
  • the hydrophilic polymer is polyethylene glycol, polyethyleneimine, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylacetamide, polyamine, poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid), poly(allylamine hydrochloride) ), poly(vinylsulfonic acid, sodium salt), poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), and poly(2-methacryloyloxyethylphosphorylcholine), the mixture according to [1].
  • a polysaccharide and a block copolymer of a polymer having a lower critical solution temperature and a hydrophilic polymer are mixed to cause phase separation, and the block copolymer is removed from the phase-separated mixture.
  • a method for producing a macroporous structure comprising the step of removing.
  • the method of [11] further comprising mixing the cells before causing phase separation.
  • the polysaccharide is at least one selected from the group consisting of alginic acid, starch, glycogen, cellulose, xanthan gum, hyaluronic acid, carrageenan, pectin and pullulan, and salts thereof.
  • the polymer having a lower critical solution temperature is at least one selected from the group consisting of poly(N-alkylacrylamide), poly(N-vinylalkylamide) and polyvinylalkyl ether. the method of. [15]
  • the hydrophilic polymer is polyethylene glycol, polyethyleneimine, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylacetamide, polyamine, poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid), poly(allylamine hydrochloride).
  • the macroporous structure of the present invention has a controlled pore size and is a penetrating type, it has become possible to permeate and/or release structures of sizes that conventional alginate gels could not penetrate.
  • FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a manufacturing process of a macroporous structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a synthetic method for synthesizing a block copolymer of 4-branched polyethylene glycol and PNIPAM.
  • FIG. FIG. 2 shows a dual coaxial laminar flow apparatus for producing fibrous cell-containing macroporous structures.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a summary of pore sizes of macroporous alginate gels.
  • Fig. 3 shows macroporous alginate gel fibers at 37°C;
  • FIG. FIG. 2 shows culture of mouse neural stem cell fibers.
  • FIG. 10 is a view of VERO cells infected with an adeno-associated virus vector expressing EGFP, observed by a confocal microscope. Left: uninfected macroporous cell fibersRight: infected macroporous cell fibers with EGFP expression
  • FIG. 4 is a view of VERO cells infected with a lentiviral vector expressing EGFP observed by a confocal microscope. Left: uninfected macroporous cell fibersRight: infected macroporous cell fibers with EGFP expression
  • FIG. 4 shows cells infected with high concentrations of lentivirus.
  • Macroporous alginate gel fibers after induced differentiation of neural stem cells were observed with a confocal microscope.
  • Macroporous alginate gel fibers after induced differentiation of neural stem cells were observed with a confocal microscope.
  • Cell fibers cultured for 20 days were immunostained and observed with a confocal microscope.
  • the present invention relates to a mixture comprising (i) a polysaccharide and (ii) a block copolymer of a polymer having a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and a hydrophilic polymer.
  • a structure having a macroporous structure can be obtained by mixing the polysaccharide and the block copolymer to cause phase separation in the mixture, and then removing the block copolymer. can.
  • Fig. 1 is a conceptual diagram for forming a macroporous structure from a mixture of block copolymers and polysaccharides.
  • phase separation can be caused by mixing below the LCST or above the LCST (FIG. 1a).
  • the polymer with the LCST becomes hydrophilic and the block copolymer dissolves in water.
  • a phase-separated structure spontaneously forms (Fig. 1b).
  • the polymer having the LCST becomes hydrophobic, so that it precipitates in water and becomes cloudy. That is, the block copolymer has a phase-separated structure forming an emulsion.
  • a macroporous structure formed by polysaccharides can be obtained (Fig. 1c).
  • Block copolymer of polymer having lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and hydrophilic polymer 2.1 Polymer Having LCST
  • the polymer having LCST is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include poly(N-alkylacrylamide), poly(N-vinylalkylamide) and polyvinyl alkyl ether. can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Examples of polymers with LCST are shown below.
  • Poly(N-alkylacrylamide) Poly(N-alkylacrylamides) have the following formula I: (R 10 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (C 1-4 ) (referred to as a “C 1-4 alkyl group”; the same shall apply hereinafter), and n is an integer of 1 or more represents.) is indicated by
  • poly(N-alkylacrylamide) examples include poly(N-methylacrylamide), poly(N-ethylacrylamide), and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM).
  • Poly(N-vinylalkylamides) have the following formula II: ( R20 represents a hydrogen atom or a C1-4 alkyl group, and n represents an integer of 1 or more.) is indicated by Examples of poly(N-vinylalkylamides) include poly(N-vinylacetamide), poly(N-vinylisopropylamide), poly(N-vinylisobutyramide), and the like.
  • Polyvinyl alkyl ethers have the following formula III: ( R30 represents a hydrogen atom or a C1-4 alkyl group, and n represents an integer of 1 or more.) is indicated by Examples of polyvinyl alkyl ethers include polyvinyl methyl ether and polyvinyl ethyl ether.
  • the phase transition temperature can be controlled or the stability of the phase separation structure can be controlled by variously changing the terminal alkyl group.
  • PNIPAM has both a hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group in its side chain, has a lower critical solution temperature of 32° C. when it is a linear polymer, and exhibits a volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) in water.
  • VPTT volume phase transition temperature
  • PNIPAM has the property that the gel swells when the temperature of the aqueous solution is below VPTT, whereas the gel contracts when the temperature is above VPTT. can be done.
  • Functional groups include maleimides, thiols, alkynes, azides, amines, activated carboxylic acids, and the like.
  • a thiol group SH group
  • the maleimide group reacts with the SH group to form a stable thioether group.
  • the hydrophilic polymer includes polyethylene glycol, polyethyleneimine, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylacetamide, polyamine, poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid), Poly(allylamine hydrochloride), poly(vinylsulfonic acid, sodium salt), poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), poly(2-methacryloyloxyethylphosphorylcholine) and the like are used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the hydrophilic polymer is polyethylene glycol (PEG).
  • PEG may be linear or multi-branched, and the number of branches of the multi-branched type is not particularly limited. type, 8-antennary type, etc.
  • PEG can also be a star polymer or dendrimer. It is preferable to add functional groups to both ends or one end of PEG. Functional groups include, but are not limited to, thiol, acrylate, amine, biotin, aldehyde, maleimide, succinimidyl carboxymethyl ester, succinimidyl glutarate ester, and the like.
  • a hyperbranched PEG can be represented, for example, by Formula IV: represents a structure represented by
  • R 1 is: (X represents a functional group).
  • n can be arbitrarily set according to the purpose, for example, n is 25 to 1000.
  • R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom or (X represents a functional group).
  • X represents a functional group, the types of which are the same as described above, and include, for example, thiol, acrylate, amine, biotin, aldehyde, maleimide, succinimidyl carboxymethyl ester, succinimidyl glutarate ester and the like. It is not limited. Also, the functional groups are independent in each branched chain and may be the same or different. In addition, n in R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is also independent in each branched chain and may be the same number or different numbers.
  • m represents an integer of 1 to 4 when the PEG is bi-antennary to octa-antennary.
  • R 3 and R 4 are hydrogen atoms
  • the PEG is bi-antennary
  • m is 1 and one of R 3 and R 4 is a hydrogen atom
  • PEG is tri-antennary
  • m is 1 and none of R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is a hydrogen atom
  • PEG is tetra-antennary.
  • the PEG is octa-branched.
  • the multi-branched PEG used in the present invention is preferably 4-branched or 8-branched.
  • the multi-branched PEG can be obtained by a known method, but can also be purchased as a commercial product (NOF).
  • a star polymer is a polymer in which three or more polymers are radially branched from the center, and the branch points are concentrated in one place.
  • Methods for synthesizing star polymers are well known in the art. For example, a method of chain-polymerizing monomers starting from a core, a method of synthesizing an arm portion first, and a method of bonding the end of the arm to the functional group portion of the core. , a method of synthesizing a linear polymer by living chain polymerization and cross-linking the core site using a cross-linking agent.
  • a dendrimer is a dendritic polymer with a structure that is regularly branched from the center.
  • Commercially available multifunctional PEG (Merck) can also be used.
  • a functional group can be added to one or both ends of the PEG to link a polymer having an LCST, and in the branched type, a functional group can be added to the end of the branched PEG to form an LCST can be linked.
  • functional groups include, but are not limited to, thiol, acrylate, amine, biotin, aldehyde, maleimide, succinimidyl carboxymethyl ester, succinimidyl glutarate ester, and the like.
  • Block copolymer In the present invention, a block copolymer of a polymer having an LCST and a hydrophilic polymer is synthesized by adding a functional group to each polymer and reacting the functional groups with each other. can do. For example, a maleimide group reacts with a thiol group (SH group) to form a stable thioether group. good.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a synthesis example of synthesizing a block copolymer of tetra-branched PEG with SH groups added as a hydrophilic polymer and PNIPAM as a polymer having an LCST.
  • the block copolymer may be labeled with a fluorescent substance.
  • the fluorescent substance is not particularly limited, and includes chemically synthesized substances such as fluorescein, rhodamine, Cy, Alexa Fluor TM , and HiLyte Fluor TM , or fluorescent proteins such as phycoerythrin (PE) and allophycocyanin (APC). is mentioned. These fluorescent substances are commercially available.
  • Polysaccharides used in the present invention are exemplified by alginic acid, starch, glycogen, cellulose, xanthan gum, hyaluronic acid, carrageenan, pectin and pullulan, and can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
  • the present invention also includes salts of these polysaccharides. Salts include sodium salts, potassium salts, calcium salts, barium salts, and the like.
  • the polysaccharide used is preferably alginic acid.
  • Alginic acid may be naturally derived or synthetic.
  • Alginic acids that are preferably used are bioabsorbable polysaccharides extracted from brown algae such as sculpin, arame, and kelp. It is a polymerized polymer. More specifically, a block copolymer in which a homopolymer fraction of D-mannuronic acid, a homopolymer fraction of L-guluronic acid, and a fraction in which D-mannuronic acid and L-guluronic acid are randomly arranged are arbitrarily bound. It is a polymer.
  • Alginic acid is also commercially available (Mochida Pharmaceutical).
  • a polysaccharide and a block copolymer of a polymer having an LCST and a hydrophilic polymer are mixed to cause phase separation, and after the phase separation,
  • a method for making a macroporous structure comprising the step of removing said block copolymer from a mixture.
  • block copolymers of polymers having an LCST and hydrophilic polymers dissolve in water when the LCST is less than the LCST.
  • polysaccharides alginic acid, etc.
  • the mixing ratio of the polysaccharide and the block copolymer is the mixing ratio of the polysaccharide and the block copolymer (polysaccharide: block copolymer) in the present invention.
  • ) can take various ratios between 9:1 and 1:9, in one embodiment for example 6:4 to 8:2, and in another embodiment for example 7:3 to 8:2. be.
  • the macroporous structure can be maintained by gelling the polysaccharide to reduce fluidity.
  • the block copolymer and the polysaccharide are mixed below the LCST, the mixture is raised above the LCST to fix the structure by gelation, and then lowered below the LCST again.
  • Gelation can be performed, for example, by treating the polysaccharide with a calcium ion-containing solution (eg, an aqueous solution of calcium chloride), specifically by mixing a mixture of the block copolymer and the polysaccharide with an aqueous solution of calcium chloride. can.
  • a calcium ion-containing solution eg, an aqueous solution of calcium chloride
  • a block copolymer of a polymer having an LCST and a hydrophilic polymer the polymer becomes insoluble in water above the LCST and forms an emulsion.
  • a phase-separated structure is formed also by mixing with polysaccharides (alginic acid etc.) in that state. After gelling the polysaccharide, the block copolymer dissolves in water when the temperature is lowered below the LCST, so the block copolymer can be removed by simply stirring, shaking, or standing still in water.
  • the mixture can contain cells. In this case, it is included before phase separation of the mixture occurs. After gelling the polysaccharide as necessary, the block copolymer is removed by setting the mixture to LCST or less and stirring in water. Thereby, a cell-containing macroporous structure can be obtained.
  • Macroporous structures containing cells are used as tools for trapping viruses and bacteria, antibody production tools introduced with antibody-producing hybridomas, etc. Since the gel has a pore size of a predetermined size, it can be used as a semipermeable membrane. In that case, it can be used for dialysis or blood purification.
  • a polymer having an LCST a polymer having a high-temperature LCST may be used by appropriately changing the types of substituents.
  • Cells are not particularly limited, and pluripotent ES cells, iPS cells, endocrine cells, exocrine cells, stem cells (hematopoietic stem cells, neural stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells), cells in various tissues (e.g., skeletal muscle cells). , cardiomyocytes, nervous system cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, liver cells, pancreatic cells, skin cells, blood cells, stromal cells, etc.).
  • pluripotent ES cells e.g., iPS cells, endocrine cells, exocrine cells, stem cells (hematopoietic stem cells, neural stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells), cells in various tissues (e.g., skeletal muscle cells). , cardiomyocytes, nervous system cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, liver cells, pancreatic cells, skin cells, blood cells, stromal cells, etc.).
  • Endocrine cells neurocrine cells, pituitary cells, thyroid cells, parathyroid cells, pancreatic islet cells, gastrointestinal endocrine cells, cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, kidney cells, adipocytes, adrenal cells, gonadal cells, etc.
  • Exocrine cells gastrointestinal epithelial cells , cells that release physiologically active substances (hepatocytes that release albumin, enzyme-producing cells that release enzymes, etc.)
  • Nervous system cells Neural stem cells, central nerve cells, peripheral nerve cells, glial cells, etc.
  • Skeletal muscle system cells Osteocytes, chondrocytes, etc.
  • Blood cells Hematopoietic stem cells, white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, etc.
  • Stromal cells Fibroblasts, blood vessels cells, etc.
  • affinity cells expressing membrane proteins having affinity for specific substances contained in blood (for example, viruses and cytokines) can be used.
  • bio-related substances such as proteins, peptides, antibodies (including antibody fragments), lipids, sugars, and nucleic acids can be introduced into the mixture. do not have.
  • Fibrous structure provides a method for producing a fibrous structure by applying the method for producing a macroporous structure.
  • a method using a dual coaxial microfluidic device (WO 2011/046105) can be adopted to fabricate fibrous structures.
  • a coaxial microfluidic device has a configuration in which two fluids are coaxially divided into a core portion and a shell portion and ejected.
  • the coaxial microfluidic device 10 comprises a cell suspension injection tube 101, a polysaccharide and block copolymer mixture injection tube 102, and a calcium ion-containing aqueous solution injection tube 103.
  • a mixture of a polysaccharide and a block copolymer is also simply referred to as a "mixture”.
  • An injection port 111 for injecting the cell suspension is provided at the top of the cell suspension injection tube 101, and the cell suspension 121 is injected from the top.
  • the cell suspension injection tube 101 and the mixture injection tube 102 are tapered at the bottom, and the mixture injection tube 101 and the mixture injection tube 102 are provided between the cell suspension injection tube 101 and the mixture injection tube 102. Opening 112 is provided. An opening 113 for injecting a calcium ion-containing aqueous solution is provided between the mixture injecting tube 102 and the calcium ion-containing aqueous solution injecting tube 103 .
  • the cell suspension 121 is injected from the lower injection port of the cell suspension injection tube 101 toward the mixture injection tube 102 to form the core of the fiber.
  • the mixture 122 is injected from the opening 112 toward the mixture injection tube 102, the cell suspension occupies the core portion of the fiber, the mixture covers the cell periphery to form a shell portion, and a coaxial core-shell shape is formed. form a fluid.
  • the fluid is injected toward the calcium ion-containing aqueous solution injection tube 103 and the calcium ion-containing aqueous solution (for example, CaCl 2 -containing aqueous solution) is injected from the opening 113, the shell of the fluid is gelled.
  • FIG. 3b A partially enlarged view of the gelled fiber 123 is shown in FIG. 3b.
  • the block copolymer becomes water-soluble by adjusting the temperature below the LCST. Block copolymers can be removed.
  • a fibrous macroporous structure hereinafter simply referred to as "macroporous structure” 130 having a cell core and a macroporous shell (porous) can be obtained (Fig. 3c). .
  • the injection speed of each of the cell suspension and the mixture is not limited, but in the case of a coaxial microfluidic device with a pore size of about 50 ⁇ m to 2 mm, the speed at the injection port is, for example, 10 to 500 ⁇ L/min. be. Also, the rate of introduction into the calcium ion-containing aqueous solution is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 1 to 10 mL/min.
  • the pore diameters of the core and shell are arbitrary and can be appropriately adjusted according to the purpose.
  • the outer diameter of the shell portion of the macroporous structure 130 can be about 10 ⁇ m to 2 mm, 200 ⁇ m to 2 mm, and 50 ⁇ m to 1 mm.
  • the length of the macroporous structure 130 is not particularly limited, and can be about several millimeters to several meters. Examples of the cross-sectional shape include circles, ellipses, and polygons such as quadrilaterals and pentagons.
  • the macroporous structure obtained as described above can freely change the pore size, so that cells can easily pass through it and have a high affinity with cells. Therefore, the cells contained in the structure of the present invention enter into the porous material and aggregate to form a cell structure such as spheroids.
  • the cells encapsulated in the macroporous structure 130 can be grown.
  • the macroporous structure 130 can also be cultured for several months by appropriately exchanging the culture medium.
  • the cells are differentiated and a part of the differentiated cells or tissue is formed outside the macroporous structure 130. is formed.
  • the macroporous structure 130 containing cells in this way can be used as various regenerative medical materials depending on the type of cells. For example, after encapsulating neural stem cells in an undifferentiated state in the macroporous structure 130, culturing for a predetermined period of time, and then substituting with a differentiation-inducing medium from which the cell growth factors FGF and EGF have been removed and culturing, the cells are undifferentiated. Neural stem cells differentiate into nerve cells, and part of the tissue extends outside the macroporous structure 130 . The macroporous structure 130 thus formed can be used as a nerve regenerative medical material.
  • the macroporous structure 130 contains virus-capturing cells or the like, the macroporous structure 130 is useful for purifying virus-infected biomaterials (eg, virus-infected blood).
  • virus-infected biomaterials eg, virus-infected blood
  • the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
  • S protein spike protein
  • ACE2 angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
  • various ACE2-expressing cells VeroE6 cells, VeroE6/TMPRSS cells, Hela cells, Hela/ACE2 cells
  • these cells are encapsulated in the macroporous structure 130 .
  • the cells encapsulated in the macroporous structure 130 express ACE2, so the macroporous structure 130 encapsulating the ACE2-expressing cells can be used as a virus trapping material for purification of virus-infected blood. can be done.
  • the beads S protein beads
  • the beads can be used as a SARS-CoV-2 cell infection model. can be done.
  • AAV adeno-associated virus
  • PEG-b-PNIPAM 10000-5500
  • PEG-b-PNIPAM was synthesized by introducing PNIPAM to the ends of four functional groups of tetra-PEG by thio-ene reaction.
  • tetra PEG-SH (2 g, 200 ⁇ mol,) with a molecular weight of 10,000
  • PNIPAM-MA 4.4 g, 800 ⁇ mol
  • PEG-b-PNIPAM-Alexa Fluor 488 was synthesized by introducing Alexa Fluor 488-MA into one of the four functional group ends of PEG-b-PNIPAM to enable observation with a fluorescence microscope.
  • tetra PEG-SH (15.26 mg)/100 ⁇ L of PBS and Alexa Fluor488-MA (1 mg)/100 ⁇ L of PBS are mixed and stirred at 4° C. for 1 hour. Then, the mixture was cooled to 4°C, PNIPAM-MA (25.81 mg)/220 ⁇ L of PBS was added, and the mixture was stirred overnight at 4°C to prepare a PEG-b-PNIPAM-Alexa Fluor 488 solution.
  • PEG-b-PNIPAM 10000-2000
  • PEG-b-PNIPAM was synthesized by introducing PNIPAM to the ends of four functional groups of tetra-PEG by thio-ene reaction.
  • tetra PEG-SH 500 mg, 50 ⁇ mol
  • PNIPAM-MA 400 mg, 200 ⁇ mol
  • PEG A -b-PNIPAM solution was prepared.
  • PEG-b-PNIPAM-Alexa Fluor 488 was synthesized by introducing Alexa Fluor 488-MA into one of the four functional group ends of PEG-b-PNIPAM to enable observation with a fluorescence microscope.
  • tetra PEG-SH (15.26 mg)/100 ⁇ L of PBS and Alexa Fluor488-MA (1 mg)/100 ⁇ L of PBS are mixed and stirred at 4° C. for 1 hour. After that, the mixture was cooled to 4°C, PNIPAM-MA (9.38 mg)/220 ⁇ L of PBS was added, and the mixture was stirred overnight at 4°C to prepare a PEG-b-PNIPAM-Alexa Fluor 488 solution.
  • PEG-b-PNIPAM 20000-5500
  • PEG-b-PNIPAM was synthesized by introducing PNIPAM to the ends of four functional groups of tetra-PEG by thio-ene reaction.
  • tetra PEG-SH 500 mg, 25 ⁇ mol
  • PNIPAM-MA 550 mg, 100 ⁇ mol
  • a -b-PNIPAM solution was prepared.
  • PEG-b-PNIPAM-Alexa Fluor 488 was synthesized by introducing Alexa Fluor 488-MA into one of the four functional group ends of PEG-b-PNIPAM to enable observation with a fluorescence microscope.
  • tetra PEG-SH (15.26 mg)/100 ⁇ L of PBS and Alexa Fluor488-MA (0.5 mg)/100 ⁇ L of PBS are mixed and stirred at 4° C. for 1 hour. Then, the mixture was cooled to 4°C, PNIPAM-MA (12.90 mg)/220 ⁇ L of PBS was added, and the mixture was stirred overnight at 4°C to prepare a PEG-b-PNIPAM-Alexa Fluor 488 solution.
  • PEG-b-PNIPAM 20000-2000
  • PEG-b-PNIPAM was synthesized by introducing PNIPAM to the ends of four functional groups of tetra-PEG by thio-ene reaction.
  • tetra PEG-SH 500 mg, 25 ⁇ mol
  • PNIPAM-MA 200 mg, 100 ⁇ mol
  • a -b-PNIPAM solution was prepared.
  • PEG-b-PNIPAM-Alexa Fluor 488 was synthesized by introducing Alexa Fluor 488-MA to one of the four functional group ends of PEG-b-PNTPAM to enable observation with a fluorescence microscope.
  • tetra PEG-SH (15.26 mg)/100 ⁇ L of PBS and Alexa Fluor488-MA (0.5 mg)/100 ⁇ L of PBS are mixed and stirred at 4° C. for 1 hour. After that, the mixture was cooled to 4°C, PNIPAM-MA (4.69 mg)/220 ⁇ L of PBS was added, and the mixture was stirred overnight at 4°C to prepare a PEG-b-PNIPAM-Alexa Fluor 488 solution.
  • phase-separated network structure was observed in both 7.5:2.5 and 8:2, and it was found from the z-stack image that the phase-separated structure was a penetrating structure. It was also confirmed that the network structure becomes smaller as the proportion of the sodium alginate solution increases.
  • a summary of the combinations of sodium alginate and block copolymers and confocal microscopy images is shown in FIG.
  • ⁇ Alginate + PEG-b-PNIPAM (macroporous alginate gel) (synthesis method or acquisition method)
  • a 1.8% sodium alginate solution and a 10% PEG-b-PNIPAM solution cooled to 4° C. were mixed and allowed to stand for one day for phase separation.
  • the mixed solution is transferred into a constant temperature bath at 37° C. and allowed to stand for 1 hour. While being careful not to lower the temperature, the mixed solution was dropped into a calcium chloride solution at 37° C. to prepare a gel of cloudy alginic acid. After that, the mixture was cooled to 4° C. and stirred to remove PEG-b-PNIPAM to prepare a macroporous alginate gel.
  • mNSCs Neural stem cells obtained from the midbrain of ICR mice (gestational day: 13.5 days) were mixed with 2 mM L-glutamine (25030-081, Gibco, Life Technologies), 1 % penicillin-streptomycin solution (P4333, Sigma-Aldrich), 20 ng/mL bFGF (AF-100-18B, Peprotech), 20 ng mL/L hEGF (AF-100-15, Peprotech), B-27 TM Supplement (50X) , in Neurobasal-A (10888-022, Gibco, Life Technologies) growth medium supplemented with Minus vitamin A (12587010, ThermoFisher). mNSCs were passaged 2-3 times using TrypLE Select (12563-011, Gibco, Life Technologies) before use. The mNSCs cell aggregates were cultured in a 10 cm dish for cell culture and collected.
  • FIG. 11 shows an outline of the production method of mNSCs fiber.
  • a 1.8% sodium alginate solution and a 10% PEG-b-PNIPAM solution cooled to 4°C were mixed at a ratio of 7:3 and separated for 10 hours. was injected into a 100 mM calcium chloride solution at 37° C. at a rate of 100 ⁇ L/min. Thereafter, the obtained mNSCs gel fibers were stirred in a TrypLE Select cooled to 4° C. to remove PEG-b-PNIPAM and produce mNSCs macroporous alginate gel fibers.
  • the produced cell fibers were cultured in TrypLE Select, and 2 mM L-glutamine (25030-081, Gibco, Life Technologies), 1% penicillin-streptomycin solution (P4333, Sigma-Aldrich), and B-27 TM Supplement were used for differentiation induction. (50X), and cultured in Neurobasal-A (10888-022, Gibco, Life Technologies) differentiation induction medium supplemented with serum free (17504044, ThermoFisher).
  • mNSCs cell aggregates only proliferate within the fibers before induction of differentiation, but after induction of differentiation, some highly migratory cells move outward within the fibers, and once they exit the shell, they aggregate. It was found that the cells inside the aggregate followed and formed a large extracellular cell aggregate (Figs. 12 and 13).
  • Example 2 Viral infection of fibers (1) AAV virus infection Using an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector expressing EGFP, VERO cells within macroporous cell fibers were examined using confocal microscopy. .
  • AAV adeno-associated virus
  • macroporous cell fibers made of VERO cells were cultured for 7 days in a 10 cm cell culture dish, then the medium was removed and 4.29 ⁇ 10 11
  • 10 mL of medium was added and allowed to stand at 37° C. for 48 hours in an incubator.
  • the cells were washed with PBS, 10 mL of medium was added, and the cells were allowed to stand in an incubator at 37° C. for 48 hours. It was transferred to a glass bottom dish and observed with a confocal microscope.
  • macroporous cell fibers made of VERO cells (1.0 ⁇ 10 8 cells/ml) were cultured for 5 days in a 10 cm cell culture dish. After culturing, the medium was removed, and 100 ⁇ L of a 1.40 ⁇ 10 9 copies/mL CMV-EGFP lentiviral solution was added. After standing at 37°C for 30 minutes, 10 mL of medium was added and left at 37°C for 48 hours in an incubator.
  • the cells in the cell aggregates disintegrate (Fig. 16, left).
  • the risk of cells coming out of the fiber can be reduced (Fig. 16, middle and right).
  • the infection titer was 10 7 transduction units (TU)
  • the cells did not disaggregate even after the infection progressed. It was observed to be scattered and spread over the entire core portion.
  • Macroporous cell fibers encapsulating mouse neural stem cells (2.0 ⁇ 10 8 cells/ml) were diluted with 2 mM L-glutamine, 1% penicillin-streptomycin solution, 20 ng/ml bFGF, 20 ng/ml hEGF, B27 without vitamin. It was cultured in Neurobasal-A medium containing A for 5 to 10 days. After culturing, differentiation was induced by substituting with a differentiation-inducing medium from which bFGF and hEGF were removed.
  • Coaxial microfluidic device 101 Tube for injecting cell suspension 102: Tube for injecting mixture of polysaccharide and block copolymer 103: Tube for injecting aqueous solution containing calcium ions 111: Inlet 112: Opening for injecting mixture Part 113: Opening for injecting aqueous solution containing calcium ions 121: Cell suspension 122: Mixture 123: Fiber 130: Macroporous structure

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un mélange qui contient un polysaccharide et un copolymère à blocs d'un polymère hydrophile et d'un polymère présentant une température critique inférieure de solubilité ; une structure qui est obtenue par élimination du polymère à blocs du mélange ; et un procédé de production d'une structure macroporeuse, le procédé comprenant une étape dans laquelle une séparation des phases est provoquée par mélange d'un polysaccharide avec un copolymère à blocs d'un polymère hydrophile et d'un polymère présentant une température critique inférieure de solubilité ; et le copolymère à blocs est éliminé du mélange après séparation des phases.
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