WO2023084603A1 - 発電システム、制御装置、制御方法、およびプログラム - Google Patents
発電システム、制御装置、制御方法、およびプログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023084603A1 WO2023084603A1 PCT/JP2021/041189 JP2021041189W WO2023084603A1 WO 2023084603 A1 WO2023084603 A1 WO 2023084603A1 JP 2021041189 W JP2021041189 W JP 2021041189W WO 2023084603 A1 WO2023084603 A1 WO 2023084603A1
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- power
- load
- power consumption
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/08—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems requiring starting of a prime-mover
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/04—Control effected upon non-electric prime mover and dependent upon electric output value of the generator
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
- H02J2310/12—The local stationary network supplying a household or a building
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
- Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/248—UPS systems or standby or emergency generators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power generation system, control device, control method, and program.
- FIG. 1 Facilities with power loads such as electrical equipment may be equipped with a power generation system that generates power by connecting to the commercial power system and supplies the generated power to the power loads.
- a power generation system an internal combustion engine that drives a generator in a state where the generator is disconnected from the commercial power system or the normal power supply during a power failure when power reception from the commercial power system or the normal power supply is stopped.
- the engine is started and the generator is in self-sustained operation, and the generated voltage of the generator is established and stable power generation is possible, part or all of the power load to be supplied during a power failure is specified.
- a technique is disclosed for injecting a load into a generator.
- Patent Documents 2 and 3 disclose a technique of providing a simulated load that consumes the power generated by a generator separately from the power load, and increasing or decreasing the power consumption of the simulated load based on the power consumption of the power load. ing.
- the power consumption of the simulated load is increased or decreased based on the power consumption of the power load, it takes time to respond to the increase or decrease of the power consumption of the simulated load in response to the change in the power consumption of the power load.
- phenomena such as fluctuations in the surplus or shortage of the power generated by the generator may occur, and the generated power may not be stable. It is known that this phenomenon appears conspicuously when the generator is operated so that the output of the internal combustion engine, which is the driving source of the generator, reaches the rated output.
- Patent Document 4 has been proposed.
- the technology described in this patent document 4 is required after the stop of receiving power from the commercial power system or the normal power supply, that is, after the power failure, the establishment of the generated voltage of the generator and the application of the power load can be stably performed in a short time. can be executed.
- the power generation facility does not operate during normal operation, that is, during normal operation.
- the system shifts to self-sustained operation in which only the auxiliary equipment of the power generation equipment is used, and by using a simulated load, the power generation equipment that generates power by driving the internal combustion engine can be operated in the event of a power outage.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and its object is to provide a power generation system and a control device that can continue supplying power to power loads without stopping even when the system power is in a power failure state. , a control method, and a program.
- a power generation system includes a generator that controls generated power by driving an internal combustion engine equipped with a speed governor, and an external commercial power system.
- a power load configured to be able to supply external power and the power generated by the generator, a simulated load that consumes the power generated by the generator together with the power load, and a control capable of controlling the power consumption of the simulated load and the control unit controls the commercial power as power increase/decrease control that can change the power consumption of the simulated load to an arbitrary power value while the generator is continuously driven to generate power.
- control Before acquiring a power failure signal indicating the detection or prediction of power failure of the system, control is performed to set the power consumption of the simulated load to a predetermined power consumption, and when the power failure signal is acquired, the power consumption of the simulated load is reduced. Control is performed to change the predetermined power consumption to another power consumption.
- the power load when the power failure signal is acquired, the power load is changed to at least one of a preset important general load and a disaster prevention load. switch to
- the control unit when the power failure signal is acquired, the control unit outputs power corresponding to the difference between the power consumption of the power load with respect to the power generated by the generator.
- the power consumption of the simulated load is controlled so that the simulated load consumes power.
- the predetermined power consumption of the simulated load is 0 kW or more and less than the rated output of the generator.
- a control device can supply power generated by a generator controlled by driving an internal combustion engine including a speed governor, and external power from an external commercial power system and the power generated by the generator.
- power consumption of a simulated load different from the power load configured to be able to change the power consumption and consume the power generated by the generator together with the power load when supplying to the power load configured as
- a control device comprising a control unit, wherein the control unit performs power increase/decrease control capable of changing the power consumption of the simulated load to an arbitrary power value while the generator continues to generate power.
- control before obtaining a power failure signal indicating detection or prediction of a power failure in the commercial power system, control is performed to set the power consumption of the simulated load to a predetermined power consumption, and when the power failure signal is obtained, the simulated load power consumption is changed from the predetermined power consumption to another power consumption.
- a control method can supply power generated by a generator controlled by driving an internal combustion engine including a speed governor, and can supply external power and the power generated by the generator from an external commercial power system.
- power consumption of a simulated load different from the power load configured to be able to change the power consumption and consume the power generated by the generator together with the power load when supplying to the power load configured as
- control Before acquiring a power failure signal indicating the detection or prediction of power failure of the system, control is performed to set the power consumption of the simulated load to a predetermined power consumption, and when the power failure signal is acquired, the power consumption of the simulated load is reduced. Control is performed to change the predetermined power consumption to another power consumption.
- a program enables power generated by a generator controlled by driving an internal combustion engine including a speed governor to be supplied with external power and the generated power of the generator from an external commercial power system.
- a control capable of controlling the power consumption of a simulated load different from the power load configured to change the power consumption when supplying the configured power load and consuming the generated power of the generator together with the power load.
- a power increase/decrease control capable of changing the power consumption of the simulated load to an arbitrary power value while the generator continues to generate power, detecting or predicting a power outage in the commercial power system.
- control is performed to set the power consumption of the simulated load to a predetermined power consumption, and when the power failure signal is acquired, the power consumption of the simulated load is changed from the predetermined power consumption to another Execute control to change the power consumption.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a power generation system according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a power generation system control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a flow chart for explaining a control method by a power generation system control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing an example of control by a conventional control device for explaining problems of the conventional technology.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing an example of control by the control device of the power generation system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing another example of control by the power generation system control device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a power generation system according to this embodiment.
- a power generation system 1 includes a controller 10, an engine generator 20, a simulated load 30 adjusted by a simulated load power consumption regulator 31, a commercial power system 40, and an electric load 50. Prepare.
- the output side of the engine generator 20 is provided with a generated power measuring section 61 capable of measuring the output power.
- An input side of the power load 50 is provided with a power load power consumption measurement unit 62 capable of measuring the power supplied.
- a simulated load power consumption measurement unit 63 capable of measuring the supplied power is provided. Note that the simulated load power consumption measuring unit 63 may be provided on the input side of the simulated load 30 .
- a power failure detection unit 64 is provided to detect the stoppage of power supply from the commercial power system 40, that is, a power failure.
- a cutoff unit 65 for cutting off the supply of power from the commercial power system 40 to the power load 50 is provided after the power failure detection unit 64 . Note that the cutoff unit 65 may be provided before the power failure detection unit 64 .
- a cutoff unit 66 for cutting off the supply of electric power from the commercial power system 40 or the engine generator 20 to the electric load 50 is provided upstream of the electric load power consumption measurement unit 62 . Note that the cutoff unit 66 may be provided at a stage subsequent to the power load power consumption measurement unit 62 .
- the engine generator 20 as a generator has an internal combustion engine 21, a generator 22, and an auxiliary machine 23.
- the engine generator 20 is configured to be capable of generating power by generating rotational motion with an engine as an internal combustion engine using fuel to rotate a rotor of the generator.
- the internal combustion engine 21 is not limited to an internal combustion engine such as an engine as long as the generator 22 can generate power.
- the simulated load 30 is composed of, for example, a load resistor that consumes a predetermined amount of power.
- the simulated load 30 consumes at least a portion of the power generated by the engine generator 20, thereby suppressing fluctuations in the power generated by the engine generator 20 and stabilizing the load. provided independently.
- the simulated load 30 is similar to the power load 50 in that it is a load that consumes the power generated by the engine generator 20 .
- the simulated load 30 is configured such that the size of the load can be adjusted by the simulated load power consumption adjuster 31 .
- the simulated load power consumption adjuster 31 is a device that adjusts the power consumed by the simulated load based on the adjustment signal input from the control device 10 .
- the adjustment signal includes information for controlling an increase or decrease in power consumption of the simulated load 30 .
- the commercial power system 40 is, for example, a power system from a power company. In this specification, the commercial power system 40 is referred to as including the regular power supply.
- the electric power load 50 is a load to which electric power necessary for operating the facility is supplied, and is specifically a load such as a pump or a motor. Note that the power load 50 is not limited to, for example, a pump or a motor, and conventionally known various loads can be used.
- the generated power measurement unit 61 is a wattmeter that is connected to the power supply line connected to the engine generator 20 and outputs the measured value of the generated power output by the engine generator 20 to the control device 10 .
- the power load power consumption measurement unit 62 is a power meter that is connected to a power supply line connected to the power load 50 and outputs a measured value of power consumption consumed by the power load 50 to the control device 10 .
- the simulated load power consumption measurement unit 63 is connected to the power supply line connected to the simulated load 30 or the simulated load power consumption regulator 31, and outputs the measured value of the power consumption consumed by the simulated load 30 to the control device 10. is the total.
- Power failure detection unit 64 also has a detector that is connected to a power supply line connected to commercial power system 40 and that can detect a state that predicts a system power stop or power failure from commercial power system 40 .
- the control device 10 acquires measured values of the power generated by the engine generator 20, the power consumption of the power load 50, and the power consumption of the simulated load 30, and adjusts the power consumption of the simulated load 30 by the simulated load power consumption adjuster 31. It is configured so that increase and decrease can be controlled. Furthermore, the control device 10 acquires a detection signal of a power failure state of the commercial power system 40 and controls the simulated load power consumption regulator 31 .
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the control device 10 of the power generation system 1 according to this embodiment.
- the control device 10 includes a determination control section 11, an addition section 12, a difference calculation section 13, a control sensitivity calculation section 14, a control output calculation section 15, a simulated load setting section 16, a setting switching section 17, a control An amount selection unit 18 and a storage unit 19 are provided. Measured values and signals are input to the control device 10 from the generated power measurement unit 61 , the power load power consumption measurement unit 62 , the simulated load power consumption measurement unit 63 , and the power failure detection unit 64 .
- the power failure detection unit 64 includes at least one of a power failure prediction unit 64a, an underfrequency relay unit 64b, and an undervoltage relay unit 64c.
- the power failure detection unit 64 is described as having the power failure prediction unit 64a, the underfrequency relay unit 64b, and the undervoltage relay unit 64c, but it is limited to a form in which all of them are provided. not a thing
- the control device 10 outputs a control signal to the simulated load power consumption regulator 31 .
- the control device 10 specifically has hardware such as CPU (Central Processing Unit), DSP (Digital Signal Processor), FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) processors, RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM ( Read Only Memory), etc. (neither is shown).
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- DSP Digital Signal Processor
- FPGA Field-Programmable Gate Array
- RAM Random Access Memory
- ROM Read Only Memory
- the storage unit 19 is composed of a storage medium selected from volatile memory such as RAM, nonvolatile memory such as ROM, EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), hard disk drive (HDD, Hard Disk Drive), and removable media.
- volatile memory such as RAM
- nonvolatile memory such as ROM, EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), hard disk drive (HDD, Hard Disk Drive), and removable media.
- Removable media are, for example, USB (Universal Serial Bus) memory, or disc recording media such as CD (Compact Disc), DVD (Digital Versatile Disc), or BD (Blu-ray (registered trademark) Disc).
- the storage unit 19 may be configured using a computer-readable recording medium such as a memory card that can be attached from the outside.
- the storage unit 19 can store an operating system (OS), various programs, various tables, various databases, and the like for executing the operations of the control device 10 .
- the various programs include a power increase/decrease control program for realizing increase/decrease control of the power consumption of the simulated load 30 according to this embodiment.
- These various programs can be recorded on computer-readable recording media such as hard disks, flash memories, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, flexible disks, etc., and can be widely distributed.
- the program stored in the storage unit 19 is loaded into the working area of the main storage unit and executed, and by controlling each component through the execution of the program, the function that meets the predetermined purpose can be performed. realizable.
- the determination control unit 11, the addition unit 12, the difference calculation unit 13, the control sensitivity calculation unit 14, the control output calculation unit 15, the simulated load setting unit 16, the setting switching unit 17 and the control amount selection unit 18 are executed.
- the determination control unit 11 is based on the measured value of generated power acquired from the generated power measuring unit 61 and the measured value of power consumption acquired from at least one of the power load power consumption measuring unit 62 and the simulated load power consumption measuring unit 63. to determine and select the control mode. Based on the selected control mode, the determination control unit 11 outputs a control signal (adjustment signal) to the simulated load power consumption adjuster 31 to control it.
- the determination control unit 11 in the power generation system 1 has, for example, the following three power control mode units.
- the determination control unit 11 of the control device 10 included in the power generation system 1 according to this embodiment functions as a main control unit that executes the following power control modes. Specifically, first, the determination control unit 11 selects one control mode unit from the first power control mode unit 111, the second power control mode unit 112, and the third power control mode unit 113, for example. Subsequently, the determination control unit 11 controls the power consumption of the simulated load 30 by controlling the simulated load power consumption adjuster 31 based on the power control mode executed by the selected power control mode unit. Details of the power control modes executed by first power control mode section 111, second power control mode section 112, and third power control mode section 113 will now be described.
- the first power control mode executed by the determination control unit 11 selecting the first power control mode unit 111 is a power control mode in which the emission power starts to decrease. That is, during a power outage in the commercial power system 40, the load power of the power load 50 may transiently increase from, for example, the start of power-on.
- the first power control mode unit 111 of the determination control unit 11 controls the simulated load power consumption adjuster 31 to reduce the power consumption (discharge power) of the simulated load 30 to the increased load power of the power load 50. change to lower only As a result, the discharge power is reduced in accordance with the load power consumed by the power load 50, and the power generated by the engine generator 20 can be maintained substantially constant.
- the decrease or increase in the discharge power of the simulated load 30 is stopped for a predetermined time, or the load of the simulated load 30 is stopped for a predetermined time. It is a power control mode that maintains constant time. That is, the second power control mode unit 112 controls the simulated load power consumption adjuster 31 to keep the power emitted from the simulated load 30 in a constant state or a constant state.
- the third power control mode executed by the determination control unit 11 selecting the third power control mode unit 113 is a power control mode in which the power emitted from the simulated load 30 is increased. That is, third power control mode section 113 controls simulated load power consumption regulator 31 to increase the power emitted from simulated load 30 .
- the load power of the power load 50 may continue to decrease asymptotically. Therefore, the third power control mode unit 113 controls the simulated load power consumption adjuster 31 so that the power emitted from the simulated load 30 is reduced from the absolute value of the increase rate of the load power consumed by the power load 50, that is, the decrease rate. also increases at a large rate of increase.
- the generated power that has decreased following the decrease in the load power of the power load 50 is adjusted by making the increase rate of the discharge power of the simulated load 30 greater than the decrease rate of the load power of the power load 50 .
- the power generated by the engine generator 20 can be maintained substantially constant.
- the control to keep the power generated by the engine generator 20 substantially constant by switching between the first power control mode, the second power control mode, and the third power control mode is referred to as power increase/decrease control for the engine generator 20. .
- the adding unit 12 acquires and adds the measured value of the power load power consumption measuring unit 62 and the measured value of the simulated load power consumption measuring unit 63 , and outputs the result to the difference calculating unit 13 . That is, the adder 12 outputs the total power consumption of the simulated load 30 and the power load 50 to the difference calculator 13 .
- the difference calculation unit 13 calculates the difference between the total power consumption of the simulated load 30 and the power load 50 and the power generated by the engine generator 20 and outputs the difference to the control output calculation unit 15 .
- the difference calculator 13 is a calculator that calculates the difference between the generated power and the consumed power. By calculating the difference between the generated power and the consumed power by the difference calculator 13, it is possible to calculate the control value of the power consumption for the simulated load 30 that is necessary to keep the power generated by the engine generator 20 substantially constant.
- the control sensitivity calculation unit 14 determines the sensitivity for outputting the control value of the power consumption of the simulated load 30 necessary for making the generated power substantially constant, which is obtained by the difference calculation unit 13, to the simulated load power consumption adjuster 31. Calculate. That is, the control sensitivity calculation unit 14 calculates with what degree of sensitivity the control value for the power consumption of the simulated load 30 is to be output. The control sensitivity calculation unit 14 outputs sensitivity information obtained by the calculation to the control output calculation unit 15 .
- the control output calculation unit 15 obtains the control value of the power consumption of the simulated load 30 required to keep the generated power substantially constant, which is obtained by the difference calculation unit 13, and the sensitivity information obtained by the control sensitivity calculation unit 14. Generate control information including The sensitivity obtained by the control sensitivity calculation unit 14 refers to the degree of sensitivity of the control value of the power consumption of the simulated load 30, that is, the value corresponding to the difference between the power consumption of the simulated load and the load power. It is what magnification A should be used to output the corresponding value. If the magnification A, which corresponds to sensitivity, is greater than 1 (A>1), control can be executed quickly, but there is a possibility that hunting or the like will occur due to sudden fluctuations.
- the control output calculator 15 outputs the generated control information to the determination controller 11 .
- the control information to be output to the simulated load power consumption adjuster 31 obtained by the control output calculation unit 15 is converted into an appropriate control signal (adjustment signal), which is sent to the simulated load power consumption adjuster 31. Output.
- the simulated load setting unit 16 sets the simulated load during normal operation of the power generation system 1, that is, during normal operation in which the power supply from the commercial power system 40 is stable and the engine generator 20 outputs substantially constant generated power. 30 to set the power consumption X (kW).
- the power consumption X set by the simulated load setting unit 16 is set to a predetermined value (V rated >X ⁇ 0 kW) that is equal to or greater than 0 (kW ) and less than the power V corresponding to the rated output of the engine generator 20. be.
- the set power consumption X of the simulated load 30 is output to the control amount selector 18 via the setting switcher 17 .
- the power consumption X of the simulated load 30 set in the simulated load setting unit 16 may be set by the operator who manages the power generation system 1, and the control information obtained by the calculation by the control output calculation unit 15 can be set based on Also, the power consumption X set by the simulated load setting unit 16 may be a fixed value that does not change during regular operation, or a variable value that changes periodically, sequentially, or continuously.
- the power outage prediction unit 64a in the power outage detection unit 64 is configured to be able to determine whether or not the parameter used for power outage prediction in the power supplied from the commercial power system 40 exceeds a predetermined threshold.
- the under-frequency relay section 64b and the under-voltage relay section 64c each include a relay that emits a signal when the frequency and voltage are insufficient, and detect the frequency and voltage shortage and output a power failure signal.
- the power failure prediction unit 64a, the underfrequency relay unit 64b, and the undervoltage relay unit 64c output a power failure signal when predicting or detecting a power failure in the commercial power system 40.
- the output power failure signal is output to the setting switching unit 17 .
- the setting switching unit 17 switches between a set state in which the power consumption X set by the simulated load setting unit 16 is output to the determination control unit 11 and a reset state in which output from the simulated load setting unit 16 to the determination control unit 11 is interrupted. configured to be switchable.
- switching from the set state to the reset state is performed when a power failure signal is input from at least one of the power failure prediction unit 64a, the underfrequency relay unit 64b, and the undervoltage relay unit 64c in the power failure detection unit 64. is executed.
- the control amount selector 18 continuously outputs an adjustment signal based on the power consumption X set by the simulated load setting unit 16 to the simulated load power consumption adjuster 31 while the setting switching unit 17 is in the set state. . That is, when the setting switching unit 17 is in the set state, the control amount selection unit 18 overwrites ( override) and output to the simulated load power consumption regulator 31 . On the other hand, when the setting switching unit 17 is in the reset state, the control amount selection unit 18 sends an adjustment signal based on the power consumption X by the control amount output from the determination control unit 11 to the simulated load power consumption adjuster 31. Output.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining the control method by the control device 10 according to this embodiment.
- 4 and 5 are graphs showing an example of control by the control device 10 according to the prior art and the present embodiment, respectively.
- the load power is typically greater than or equal to the power generated by the engine generator 20.
- the generator 20 is driven to output substantially constant generated power. That is, the electric power generated by the engine generator 20 compensates for part of the load electric power, and the shortage of the load electric power (load electric power - electric power generated) is supplied from the commercial electric power system 40 .
- the commercial power system 40 is disconnected from the power load 50 by the disconnecting unit 65 (see FIG. 1), and engine power generation is performed.
- the machine 20 is now disconnected from the power load 50 .
- the engine generator 20 shifts to power supply to the self-auxiliary machine 23, and the power generated to power the power load 50 becomes zero.
- the engine generator 20 starts load-up operation (starting start time T 1 ) by the control according to the above-described conventional technology by a predetermined engine control unit (not shown)
- the discharge of electric power is started.
- the output of the engine generator 20 increases until it reaches a substantially constant operation with a specified output.
- the power load 50 is turned on (load turning on time T 2 ).
- the engine generator 20 stabilizes and the generated power becomes stable after the startup time has elapsed from the start time T1 of the engine generator 20, and at least part of the generated power of the engine generator 20 is used as load power. It becomes a state in which it can be applied to the load 50 .
- the present inventor has devised a method of shortening the power non-supply time (T 0 -T 1 ) and start-up time (T 2 -T 1 ), specifically to zero.
- the control method described below prevents the internal combustion engine 21 and the generator 22 of the engine generator 20 from stopping even when a power failure occurs and power supply from the commercial power system 40 stops. This is a control method that can supply generated power to the required power load 50 without interruption.
- step ST1 the engine generator 20 is in normal operation while the power generation system 1 is in normal operation.
- part of the load power consumed in the power load 50 is compensated for by the power generated by the engine generator 20, and the shortage of the load power (load power - generated power) is supplied from the commercial power system 40.
- load power - generated power is supplied from the commercial power system 40. In this state, power is supplied to the power load 50 .
- step ST ⁇ b>2 the simulated load setting section 16 of the control device 10 sets or maintains the power consumption X of the simulated load 30 and outputs it to the control amount selecting section 18 via the setting switching section 17 .
- the control amount selection unit 18 outputs an adjustment signal to the simulated load power consumption adjuster 31 based on the set value of the power consumption X that is input.
- the simulated load power consumption adjuster 31 to which the adjustment signal is input adjusts the input power consumption of the simulated load 30 to the predetermined power consumption X set by the simulated load setting unit 16, as shown in FIG. , adjust the simulated load 30 .
- the power consumption X set by the simulated load setting unit 16 is maintained as the power consumption X consumed by the simulated load 30 .
- the power consumption X consumed by the simulated load 30 can be arbitrarily set to 0 kW or more, but is preferably set to 0 kW.
- step ST3 shown in FIG. 3 the setting switching unit 17 of the control device 10 switches at least the power failure prediction unit 64a, the underfrequency relay unit 64b, and the undervoltage relay unit 64c in the power failure detection unit 64. It is determined whether or not a power failure signal has been input from one, that is, whether or not a power failure signal has been input from the power failure detection unit 64 .
- step ST3: No the setting switching unit 17 determines in step ST3 that there is no power failure signal input
- step ST3: Yes the process returns to step ST1 to continue the normal operation in the power generation system 1 .
- step ST3: Yes the process proceeds to step ST4.
- step ST4 the setting switching unit 17 switches from the set state to the reset state.
- the emission power consumed by the simulated load 30 is switched from the power consumption X set by the simulated load setting unit 16 to a variable variable by the determination control unit 11 .
- step ST5 the power load 50 is removed from the load that was consuming power during normal operation of the power generation system 1 by a conventionally known method, and is set to operate in the event of a power failure.
- the load can be switched without interruption. That is, the power load 50 is switched from a normal load to selective power feeding to at least one of, for example, the important general load and the disaster prevention load.
- the power load 50 is switched to the preset load at the time of power failure, the magnitude relationship between the power generated by the engine generator 20 and the load power of the power load 50 is reversed (generated power ⁇ load power). That is, as long as reverse power flow to the commercial power system 40 is not performed, the engine generator is operated as peak cut or base load operation for the purpose of contract power reduction.
- step ST4 the determination control unit 11 shifts to control for changing the emission power consumed by the simulated load 30.
- step ST5 when the power load 50 is switched to the preset load at the time of power failure, the process shifts to step ST6. Then, the control for the simulated load 30 becomes power increase/decrease control. That is, along with the power failure of the commercial power system 40, the power load 50 is switched to the preset load at the time of power failure, while the power that changes the discharge power consumed by the simulated load 30 according to the fluctuation of the power load 50. Shift to increase/decrease control.
- the emission power consumed by the simulated load 30 increases from the set power consumption X, and control over the simulated load 30 shifts to switching control (power increase/decrease control) between the first to third power control modes.
- step ST3 in the control method described above, when the setting switching unit 17 acquires a power failure signal for foreseeing a power failure from the power failure forecasting unit 64a (power failure forecasting signal in the first modified example).
- the setting switching unit 17 proceeds to step ST4 when the power failure prediction signal is acquired from the power failure prediction unit 64a.
- step ST4 in the first modified example control over the emitted power consumed by the simulated load 30 is shifted from constant control by the simulated load setting unit 16 to continuous control by the determination control unit 11.
- the setting switching unit 17 determines whether or not a power failure signal has been obtained from at least one of the underfrequency relay unit 64b and the undervoltage relay unit 64c.
- the setting switching unit 17 determines that a power failure signal has been received from at least one of the underfrequency relay unit 64b and the undervoltage relay unit 64c, a power failure has actually occurred.
- the load power of the power load 50 becomes equal to or less than the power generated by the engine generator 20, and the power increase/decrease control is executed.
- step ST2 the power consumption X of the simulated load 30 is maintained by continuing the second power control mode. As described above, the control process at the time of power failure according to the first modification is completed.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing an example of control by the control device 10 according to the second modified example of this embodiment.
- power supply is selectively started substantially at the same time as the power failure so that power supply from the engine generator 20 to the power load 50 is not interrupted.
- the cutoff portion 65 and the cutoff portion 66 are opened. As a result, power supply from the engine generator 20 to the power load 50 is cut off.
- the engine generator 20 shifts from the substantially constant output operation during normal operation to the substantially constant output operation during power failure in the same manner as in the control according to the above-described embodiment.
- power supply to the power load 50 is started by closing the interrupter 66 .
- the power loads 50 to be operated among the power loads 50 are sequentially selected and supplied with power so as to become the desired loads.
- the power load 50 to be activated after the power failure can be selected as desired by the administrator who manages the facility in which the power load 50 is provided.
- the determination control unit 11 switches to power increase/decrease control, and shifts to control according to the first to third power control modes.
- the second power control mode unit 112 that temporarily maintains the emitted power of the simulated load 30 at a constant level controls the emitted power. can be suppressed from excessively decreasing, fluctuations in the power generated by the engine generator 20 can be suppressed, and the engine generator 20 can be stably operated.
- the program for executing the processing method executed by the control device 10 can be recorded in a recording medium readable by a device such as a computer or other machine (hereinafter referred to as a computer or the like).
- the computer or the like functions as the control device 10 by causing the computer or the like to read and execute the program of the recording medium.
- a computer-readable recording medium is a non-temporary medium that stores information such as data and programs by electrical, magnetic, optical, mechanical, or chemical action and can be read by a computer or the like. a recording medium.
- Examples of such recording media that can be removed from a computer include flexible disks, magneto-optical disks, CD-ROMs, CD-R/Ws, DVDs, BDs, DATs, magnetic tapes, flash memories, and other memories.
- recording media There are cards, etc.
- a hard disk, a ROM, and the like as a recording medium fixed to a computer or the like.
- SSD can be used as a recording medium that can be removed from a computer or the like, or as a recording medium that is fixed to a computer or the like.
- the program to be executed by the control device 10 may be stored on a computer connected to a network such as the Internet, and provided by being downloaded via the network.
- the above-described "unit” can be read as “circuit” or the like.
- the controller can be read as a control circuit.
- the power generation system, control device, control method, and program according to the present invention are suitable for application to an engine generator equipped with a speed governor.
- control device 11 determination control unit 12 addition unit 13 difference calculation unit 14 control sensitivity calculation unit 15 control output calculation unit 16 simulated load setting unit 17 setting switching unit 18 control amount selection unit 19 storage unit 20 engine generator 21 internal combustion Engine 22 Generator 23 Self-auxiliary machine 30 Simulated load 31 Simulated load power consumption regulator 40 Commercial power system 50 Electric power load 61 Generated power measurement unit 62 Electric load power consumption measurement unit 63 Simulated load power consumption measurement unit 64 Power failure detection unit 64a Power failure Prediction unit 64b Under-frequency relay unit 64c Under-voltage relay units 65, 66 Breaker unit 111 First power control mode unit 112 Second power control mode unit 113 Third power control mode unit
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Abstract
Description
次に、上述した一実施形態の第1変形例について説明する。本第1変形例においては、上述した制御方法におけるステップST3において、設定切替部17が、停電予見部64aから停電を予見する停電信号(第1変形例においては、停電予見信号)を取得した場合について説明する。この場合、設定切替部17は、停電予見部64aから停電予見信号を取得した時点で、ステップST4に移行する。
次に、上述した一実施形態の第2変形例について説明する。図6は、本実施形態の第2変形例による制御装置10による制御の一例を示すグラフである。第1変形例においては、停電と略同時に選択的に給電を開始して、エンジン発電機20からの電力負荷50への給電を遮断しないようにしている。これに対し、第2変形例においては、図6に示すように、停電の発生後、遮断部65を開くとともに遮断部66を開くようにする。これによってエンジン発電機20から電力負荷50への給電を遮断する。
上述の一実施形態において、制御装置10が実行する処理方法を実行させるプログラムを、コンピュータその他の機械などの装置(以下、コンピュータなど、という)が読み取り可能な記録媒体に記録することができる。コンピュータなどに、この記録媒体のプログラムを読み込ませて実行させることにより、当該コンピュータなどが制御装置10として機能する。ここで、コンピュータなどが読み取り可能な記録媒体とは、データやプログラムなどの情報を電気的、磁気的、光学的、機械的、または化学的作用によって蓄積し、コンピュータなどから読み取ることができる非一時的な記録媒体をいう。このような記録媒体のうちのコンピュータなどから取り外し可能なものとしては、例えばフレキシブルディスク、光磁気ディスク、CD-ROM、CD-R/W、DVD、BD、DAT、磁気テープ、フラッシュメモリなどのメモリカードなどがある。また、コンピュータなどに固定された記録媒体としてハードディスク、ROMなどがある。さらに、SSDは、コンピュータなどから取り外し可能な記録媒体としても、コンピュータなどに固定された記録媒体としても利用可能である。
上述した一実施形態においては、上述した「部」を「回路」などに読み替えることができる。例えば、制御部は、制御回路に読み替えることができる。
10 制御装置
11 判定制御部
12 加算部
13 差分演算部
14 制御感度演算部
15 制御出力演算部
16 模擬負荷設定部
17 設定切替部
18 制御量選択部
19 記憶部
20 エンジン発電機
21 内燃機関
22 発電機
23 自己補機
30 模擬負荷
31 模擬負荷消費電力調整器
40 商用電力系統
50 電力負荷
61 発電電力計測部
62 電力負荷消費電力計測部
63 模擬負荷消費電力計測部
64 停電検知部
64a 停電予見部
64b 不足周波数継電部
64c 不足電圧継電部
65,66 遮断部
111 第1電力制御モード部
112 第2電力制御モード部
113 第3電力制御モード部
Claims (7)
- 調速機を備える内燃機関の駆動によって発電電力を制御する発電機と、
外部の商用電力系統からの外部電力および前記発電機の前記発電電力を給電可能に構成された電力負荷と、
前記発電機の発電電力を前記電力負荷とともに消費する模擬負荷と、
前記模擬負荷の消費電力を制御可能な制御部と、を備え、
前記制御部は、
前記発電機の発電駆動が継続して行われている状態で前記模擬負荷の消費電力を任意の電力値に変更可能な電力増減制御として、前記商用電力系統の停電の検知または予見を示す停電信号を取得する前は、前記模擬負荷の消費電力を所定の消費電力に設定する制御を行い、前記停電信号を取得した場合、前記模擬負荷の消費電力を前記所定の消費電力から他の消費電力に変化させる制御を行う
発電システム。 - 前記制御部は、前記停電信号を取得した場合に、前記電力負荷を、あらかじめ設定された重要一般負荷および防災負荷の少なくとも一方の負荷に切り替える
請求項1に記載の発電システム。 - 前記制御部は、前記停電信号を取得した場合、前記発電機の発電電力に対する前記電力負荷の消費電力の差分に相当する電力を前記模擬負荷に消費させるように、前記模擬負荷の消費電力を制御する
請求項1または2に記載の発電システム。 - 前記模擬負荷の前記所定の消費電力が、0kW以上前記発電機の定格出力未満である
請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の発電システム。 - 調速機を備える内燃機関の駆動によって制御される発電機の発電電力を、外部の商用電力系統から外部電力および前記発電機の前記発電電力を給電可能に構成された電力負荷に供給する場合に、消費電力を変更可能に構成されて前記発電機の前記発電電力を前記電力負荷とともに消費する、前記電力負荷と異なる模擬負荷の消費電力を制御可能な制御部を備える制御装置であって、
前記制御部は、
前記発電機の発電駆動が継続して行われている状態で前記模擬負荷の消費電力を任意の電力値に変更可能な電力増減制御として、前記商用電力系統の停電の検知または予見を示す停電信号を取得する前は、前記模擬負荷の消費電力を所定の消費電力に設定する制御を行い、前記停電信号を取得した場合、前記模擬負荷の消費電力を前記所定の消費電力から他の消費電力に変化させる制御を行う
制御装置。 - 調速機を備える内燃機関の駆動によって制御される発電機の発電電力を、外部の商用電力系統から外部電力および前記発電機の前記発電電力を給電可能に構成された電力負荷に供給する場合に、消費電力を変更可能に構成されて前記発電機の前記発電電力を前記電力負荷とともに消費する、前記電力負荷と異なる模擬負荷の消費電力を制御可能な制御部が実行する制御方法であって、
前記発電機の発電駆動が継続して行われている状態で前記模擬負荷の消費電力を任意の電力値に変更可能な電力増減制御として、前記商用電力系統の停電の検知または予見を示す停電信号を取得する前は、前記模擬負荷の消費電力を所定の消費電力に設定する制御を行い、前記停電信号を取得した場合、前記模擬負荷の消費電力を前記所定の消費電力から他の消費電力に変化させる制御を行う
制御方法。 - 調速機を備える内燃機関の駆動によって制御される発電機の発電電力を、外部の商用電力系統から外部電力および前記発電機の前記発電電力を給電可能に構成された電力負荷に供給する場合に、消費電力を変更可能に構成されて前記発電機の前記発電電力を前記電力負荷とともに消費する、前記電力負荷と異なる模擬負荷の消費電力を制御可能な制御部に、
前記発電機の発電駆動が継続して行われている状態で前記模擬負荷の消費電力を任意の電力値に変更可能な電力増減制御として、前記商用電力系統の停電の検知または予見を示す停電信号を取得する前は、前記模擬負荷の消費電力を所定の消費電力に設定する制御を行い、前記停電信号を取得した場合、前記模擬負荷の消費電力を前記所定の消費電力から他の消費電力に変化させる制御を行う
ことを実行させるプログラム。
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