WO2023083028A1 - 一种电芯、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

一种电芯、电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023083028A1
WO2023083028A1 PCT/CN2022/128460 CN2022128460W WO2023083028A1 WO 2023083028 A1 WO2023083028 A1 WO 2023083028A1 CN 2022128460 W CN2022128460 W CN 2022128460W WO 2023083028 A1 WO2023083028 A1 WO 2023083028A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tabs
battery
tab
layer
region
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/128460
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈思静
阳超
吴小平
郭梦辉
柯鹏飞
杨国众
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023083028A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023083028A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/54—Connection of several leads or tabs of plate-like electrode stacks, e.g. electrode pole straps or bridges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/533—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the leads or tabs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of electrochemical devices, in particular to an electric cell, a battery and an electric device.
  • Energy saving and emission reduction is the key to the sustainable development of the automobile industry.
  • electric vehicles have become an important part of the sustainable development of the automobile industry due to their advantages in energy saving and environmental protection.
  • battery technology is an important factor related to its development.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a battery cell, a battery, and an electrical device, which reduce the probability of battery failure by reducing the probability of reverse insertion of tabs of the battery cell.
  • the embodiment of the first aspect of the present application provides an electric core, and the electric core includes a main body part and a tab part.
  • the tab part is connected to the main part, and the tab part includes a plurality of tabs stacked along the first direction.
  • the main body part includes an anode conductive layer, a cathode conductive layer, and a diaphragm layer placed between the anode conductive layer and the cathode conductive layer;
  • the tab part is an anode tab part or a cathode tab part, and the anode tab part includes A plurality of anode tabs stacked along the first direction, the plurality of anode tabs are connected to the anode conductive layer, the cathode tab part includes a plurality of cathode tabs stacked along the first direction, the plurality of cathode tabs are electrically conductive to the cathode layer connections.
  • the roots of the plurality of anode tabs and the roots of the plurality of cathode tabs can be gathered together through the connecting layer, thereby reducing the number of roots of the anode tabs and the cathode tabs.
  • the probability of bifurcation at the heel of the cathode lug can reduce the probability that multiple anode lugs or multiple cathode lugs will be inserted into the inside of the cell due to the bifurcation of the root, resulting in failure of the cell and the battery.
  • connection layer includes a first portion at least partially covering the second region and a second portion at least partially covering the middle region, and the middle regions of at least two adjacent tabs are connected through the second portion.
  • the tie layer completely covers the second region.
  • the roots of multiple tabs are connected as a whole, which can further reduce the probability of bifurcation at the root of the tabs, thereby further reducing the probability of failure of the battery due to the upside-down insertion of the tab into the battery.
  • the second area of the tab includes a bending area bent along the first direction, and the connecting layer covers the bending area.
  • the contact area and connection area of the second area of multiple tabs can be further increased, thereby further increasing the connection stability of the roots of multiple tabs, and further reducing the occurrence of bifurcation of the tabs and reverse insertion into the battery core. The probability of cell failure.
  • the structure of the main body is an axial winding structure or a stacked structure along the first direction.
  • the material of the connection layer includes insulating glue.
  • the roots of two adjacent tabs are bonded by insulating glue, which reduces the probability of cell failure due to contact conduction between the tabs.
  • the embodiment of the second aspect of the present application provides a battery, the battery includes a casing and any one of the above-mentioned electric cores, and the electric cores are placed in the casing.
  • An embodiment of the third aspect of the present application provides an electric device, the electric device includes the above-mentioned battery, and the battery is used to provide electric energy to the electric device.
  • the first direction may be the thickness direction of the battery cell.
  • the tab portion includes a plurality of tabs arranged along the first direction, and the tab includes a first zone, a middle zone and a second zone in sequence along the direction close to the main body, that is, the second zone is the part of the tab close to the main body. area, that is, the root area of the ear.
  • the connection layer is located between at least two adjacent tabs and connects the second regions of the two tabs, so that the roots of multiple tabs can be gathered together through the connection layer, thereby reducing the number of poles in the tab portion.
  • the probability of bifurcation at the heel of the ear can reduce the probability that multiple tabs will be inserted into the cell upside down due to the bifurcation of the root, resulting in failure of the cell and battery.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a front view of a battery cell in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a side view of a battery cell in some embodiments of the present application.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two), similarly, “multiple groups” refers to two or more groups (including two), and “multiple pieces” refers to More than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • the cell includes a cell body and a tab portion connected to the cell body, and the tab portion includes a plurality of stacked tabs, that is, the tab portion has a multi-layer tab structure.
  • the top of the multi-layer tab has a welding area, and the top of the multi-layer tab is welded through the welding area, while the root of the multi-layer tab is not connected. Therefore, in the subsequent process of shaping the tab part and during the operation of the battery cell, the root of the tab part may be deformed and bifurcated due to extrusion, so that the tab part may appear inverted and cause There is a short circuit inside the cell.
  • a PET film layer is often attached to the root of the tab surface, and then the root of the tab is pressed to close the tab, so as to reduce the probability of inverted tabs due to redundant tabs.
  • the restraint of the PET film on the root of the tab is poor, and in the production process of the battery, the shape of the tab through the PET film may fail to reshape, and the failure of the plastic is likely to cause the root of the tab to bifurcate and appear inverted. .
  • a connection layer is provided between the roots of at least two adjacent tabs, and the roots of the tabs are connected through the connection layer to reduce the probability of bifurcation at the root of the tabs, thereby reducing the occurrence of tabs.
  • the probability of reverse insertion to reduce the probability of battery failure.
  • the cell in the embodiment of the present application is an important part of the battery.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery 10 mentioned in this application may include a battery module 11 or a battery pack or the like.
  • Battery 10 generally includes a case 12 for enclosing one or more battery cells.
  • the box body 12 can prevent liquid or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • a plurality of battery cells can be connected in series and/or in parallel via poles for various applications.
  • the application of batteries includes three levels: battery cells, battery modules and battery packs.
  • a battery module is formed by electrically connecting a certain number of battery cells together and putting them into a frame in order to protect the battery cells from external shock, heat, vibration, etc.
  • the battery pack is the final state of the battery system that goes into an electric vehicle.
  • a battery pack generally includes a case for enclosing one or more battery cells.
  • the box can prevent liquid or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the box body is generally composed of a cover body and a box shell.
  • BMS battery management system
  • thermal management components on one or more battery modules.
  • BMS battery management system
  • the level of the battery module can be omitted, that is, the battery pack is formed directly from the battery cells. This improvement has improved the gravimetric energy density and volumetric energy density of the battery system while significantly reducing the number of components.
  • the batteries mentioned in this application include battery modules or battery packs.
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, or magnesium-ion batteries, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell can be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square square battery cells and pouch battery cells, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the electric core of the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application is suitable for various devices using batteries, such as mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, battery cars, electric toys, electric tools, electric vehicles, ships and spacecraft, etc., such as , Spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spaceships.
  • FIG. 2 it is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1 provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • a motor 30 , a controller 20 and a battery 10 can be arranged inside the vehicle 1 , and the controller 20 is used to control the battery 10 to supply power to the motor 30 .
  • the battery 10 may be provided at the bottom or front or rear of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 10 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 , for a circuit system of the vehicle 1 , for example, for starting, navigating and running power requirements of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery cell 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a main body part 110 and a tab part 120 .
  • the tab part 120 is connected to the main part 110, and the tab part 120 includes a plurality of tabs 121 stacked along the first direction, and the tab 121 includes a first area 1211 and a middle area 1212 in sequence along the direction close to the main part 110.
  • the second region 1213 there is a connection layer 130 between at least two adjacent tabs 121 along the first direction, and the second regions 1213 of at least two adjacent tabs 121 are connected through the connection layer 130 .
  • the main body 110 is the main component of the battery cell 100, and the main body 110 is the part of the battery cell 100 that can realize the storage and release of electrical energy through the conversion of chemical energy and electrical energy.
  • the main body 110 may include two electrode sheets with opposite polarities and a diaphragm structure between the two electrode sheets.
  • the tab part 120 is connected to the main body part 110 , and the tab part 120 is a metal conductor leading out the positive and negative electrodes of the main part 110 .
  • the tab part 120 is a multilayer structure including a plurality of tabs 121 .
  • the first area 1211 is the top area of the tab 121 , and the first area 1211 may be a welding area for connecting multiple tabs 121 or connecting multiple tabs 121 with components such as an adapter plate.
  • the second area 1213 is close to the main body 110 , and the second area 1213 is the root area of the tab 121 .
  • the middle region 1212 is a region of the tab 121 located between the first region 1211 and the second region 1213 .
  • the first direction may be the thickness direction of the battery cell 100 .
  • connection layer 130 is a connection structure located between adjacent tabs 121 along the first direction to connect at least two tabs 121 . That is, the connection layer 130 is located between the tabs 121 with the same polarity, and further, the connection layer 130 is located between the second regions 1213 of adjacent tabs 121 to connect the second regions 1213 of adjacent tabs 121 .
  • the connection layer 130 may be an adhesive layer or the like.
  • the tab portion 120 includes a plurality of tabs 121 arranged along the first direction, and the tabs 121 sequentially include a first area 1211 and a middle area 1212 along the direction close to the main body 110 And the second area 1213 , that is, the second area 1213 is the area of the tab 121 close to the main body 110 , that is, the root area of the tab 121 .
  • the connecting layer 130 is located between at least two adjacent tabs 121 and connects the second regions 1213 of the two tabs 121, so that the roots of a plurality of tabs 121 can be gathered together through the connecting layer 130, thereby reducing the polarity.
  • the probability that the heels of the plurality of tabs 121 in the ear portion 120 are bifurcated can reduce the probability that the plurality of tabs 121 are inserted upside down into the battery cell 100 due to the bifurcation of the root, thereby causing the failure probability of the battery cell 100 and the battery.
  • the main body 110 includes an anode conductive layer 111 , a cathode conductive layer 112 and a separator layer 113 disposed between the anode conductive layer 111 and the cathode conductive layer 112 .
  • the tab part 120 is an anode tab part 122 or a cathode tab part 123.
  • the anode tab part 122 includes a plurality of anode tabs 1221 stacked along the first direction, and the plurality of anode tabs 1221 are connected to the anode conductive layer 111.
  • the cathode tab part 123 includes a plurality of cathode tabs 1231 stacked along the first direction, and the plurality of cathode tabs 1231 are connected to the cathode conductive layer 112 .
  • the anode conductive layer 111 is the anode pole piece or the negative pole piece of the cell 100
  • the cathode conductive layer 112 is the cathode pole piece or the positive pole piece of the battery cell 100 .
  • the material of the anode conductive layer 111 may include manganese dioxide, etc.
  • the material of the cathode conductive layer 112 may include lithium or an alloy containing lithium, or the like.
  • the diaphragm layer 113 is located between the anode conductive layer 111 and the cathode conductive layer 112, and is used for isolating the anode conductive layer 111 and the cathode conductive layer 112 to prevent the anode conductive layer 111 and the cathode conductive layer 112 from being short-circuited due to contact.
  • a channel for ion movement is formed between the anode conductive layer 111 and the cathode conductive layer 112 .
  • the material of the diaphragm layer 113 may include at least one of glass fiber, non-woven fabric, polyethylene, polypropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride.
  • the separator layer 113 may be a single-layer film or a multi-layer composite film, which is not limited in this application.
  • the separator layer 113 is a multi-layer composite film, the materials of each layer may be the same or different, and this application is not limited thereto.
  • the anode lug part 122 includes a plurality of anode lugs 1221 connected to the anode conductive layer 111 , and the anode lugs 1221 are metal conductors leading out the negative electrode in the main body part 110 .
  • the cathode tab part 123 includes a plurality of cathode tabs 1231 connected to the cathode conductive layer 112 , and the cathode tabs 1231 are metal conductors leading out the positive electrode in the main body part 110 .
  • the anode tab 1221 and the cathode tab 1231 both include a first area 1211 , a middle area 1212 and a second area 1213 along the direction close to the main body 110 .
  • the connecting layer 130 is located between adjacent anode tabs 1221 and between adjacent cathode tabs 1231 to connect the second region 1213 of the adjacent anode tab 1221 and the second area of the adjacent cathode tab 1231. District 1213.
  • the connecting layer 130 is located between at least two adjacent anode tabs 1221 and between at least two adjacent cathode tabs 1231 to connect two anode tabs 1221 and two cathode tabs. 1231 of the second region 1213, which enables the roots of multiple anode tabs 1221 and multiple cathode tabs 1231 to be gathered together through the connecting layer 130, thereby reducing the anode tab 122 and the cathode tab 123
  • the probability that the roots of multiple anode tabs 1221 or the heels of multiple cathode tabs 1231 are bifurcated can reduce the occurrence of reverse insertion of cells due to root bifurcations of multiple anode tabs 1221 or multiple cathode tabs 1231 100, which leads to the failure probability of the cell 100 and the battery.
  • connection layer 130 includes a first portion at least partially covering the second region 1213 and a second portion at least partially covering the intermediate region 1212 , and the intermediate regions 1212 of at least two adjacent tabs 121 are connected through the second portion.
  • connection layer 130 may cover the second region 1213 and the middle region 1212 of the tab 121 , and the second region 1213 and the middle region 1212 of two adjacent tabs 121 are connected through the connection layer 130 . That is, other areas of two adjacent tabs 121 can be connected except the welding area, thus without affecting the welding of the tabs 121, the roots of multiple tabs 121 can be further gathered to further reduce the thickness of the tabs. The probability that the heels of the multiple tabs 121 in the portion 120 are bifurcated, thereby further reducing the probability that the multiple tabs 121 are inserted upside down into the battery cell 100 due to root bifurcations, resulting in failure of the battery cell 100 and the battery.
  • connection layer 130 completely covers the second region 1213 .
  • the connection layer 130 completely covers the second region 1213, so that when two adjacent tabs 121 are connected through the connection layer 130 along the first direction, the connection surface between the two tabs 121 is relatively large, so that the two tabs 121
  • the connection between the roots of the poles is more stable, which further reduces the probability of failure of the battery 100 and the battery caused by a plurality of tabs 121 being inserted upside down into the battery cell 100 due to forked roots.
  • the connection layer 130 can also completely cover the middle region 1212 , further increasing the connection stability of two adjacent tabs 121 .
  • connection layer 130 between every two adjacent tabs 121, so that the connection layer 130 is provided on both sides of each tab 121 along the first direction to communicate with the poles on both sides.
  • the ears 121 are connected, which makes the roots of multiple tabs 121 connected as a whole, which can further reduce the probability of bifurcations at the root of the tabs 120, thereby further reducing the battery 100 caused by the tabs 121 being inserted upside down into the battery 100. probability of failure.
  • the second region 1213 of the tab 121 includes a bending region bent along the first direction, and the connecting layer 130 covers the bending region.
  • the bending area may be a concave portion formed by punching the second area 1213 of the tab 121 .
  • the second regions 1213 of the plurality of tabs 121 may all include bending areas, and the bending directions of the bending areas of the plurality of tabs 121 are the same.
  • the bent portion of the tab 121 on the front side is placed in the bent portion of the tab 121 on the rear side, and a plurality of poles
  • the bent portions of every two adjacent tabs 121 in the tabs 121 are overlapped.
  • the second region 1213 of the plurality of tabs 121 has a bent portion, and a connecting layer 130 is disposed on the bent portion, and the bent portions of the plurality of tabs 121 are stacked and connected by the connecting layer 130,
  • the contact area and connection area of the second area 1213 of the plurality of tabs 121 can be further increased, thereby further increasing the connection stability of the roots of the plurality of tabs 121, and further reducing the bifurcation and reverse insertion of the tabs 120 into the battery cell 100 This results in the probability of failure of the battery cell 100 .
  • the structure of the main body 110 is an axial winding structure or a stacked structure along the first direction.
  • the main body 110 has a winding structure, that is, the main body 110 is formed by sequentially winding the anode conductive layer 111 , the cathode conductive layer 112 and the separator layer 113 .
  • the main body 110 is a stacked structure, that is, the main body 110 is formed by sequentially stacking the anode conductive layer 111 , the cathode conductive layer 112 and the diaphragm layer 113 .
  • the main body 110 in the embodiment of the present application may be a winding type or a stacking type, which is not limited in the present application.
  • the material of the connection layer 130 includes insulating glue.
  • connection layer 130 may be an adhesive layer, and the second region 1213 of the tab 121 is adhesively connected through the connection layer 130 .
  • the material of the connection layer 130 may be insulating glue, such as PET glue, PI glue, and the like. The roots of two adjacent tabs 121 are bonded by insulating glue, which reduces the probability of failure of the battery cell 100 due to contact conduction between the tabs 121 .
  • the connection layer 130 can also be pressure-sensitive adhesive.
  • a gluing unit can be added to the winding equipment of the battery cell 100.
  • glue is applied to the second area 1213 of the tab 121 through the gluing unit, and then the The pole piece is wound, and then the lug part 120 is shaped by the ultrasonic welding process jig, and the connecting layer 130 forms a glue layer under the pressure of the jig, and the roots of the lug 121 on both sides of the glue layer are pasted together to realize the pole piece. Bonding of the root of the multi-layer tab 121 in the ear portion 120 .
  • the embodiment of the second aspect of the present application provides a battery.
  • the battery includes a casing and the battery cell 100 of the first aspect above, and the battery cell 100 is placed in the casing.
  • the battery case forms an accommodating space, and the battery cell 100 is placed in the accommodating space.
  • the casing may be a hard casing, such as a hard plastic casing, an aluminum casing, a steel casing, and the like.
  • the shell can also be a soft shell, and the material of the soft shell can be plastic, such as polypropylene, polybutylene terephthalate, and polybutylene succinate.
  • the tab portion 120 includes a plurality of tabs 121 arranged along a first direction, and the tabs 121 sequentially include a first region 1211 along a direction close to the main body 110 , the middle area 1212 and the second area 1213 , that is, the second area 1213 is the area of the tab 121 close to the main body 110 , that is, the root area of the tab 121 .
  • the connecting layer 130 is located between at least two adjacent tabs 121 and connects the second regions 1213 of the two tabs 121, so that the roots of a plurality of tabs 121 can be gathered together through the connecting layer 130, thereby reducing the polarity.
  • the probability that the heels of the plurality of tabs 121 in the ear portion 120 are bifurcated can reduce the probability that the plurality of tabs 121 are inserted upside down into the battery cell 100 due to the bifurcation of the root, thereby causing the failure probability of the battery cell 100 and the battery.
  • An embodiment of the third aspect of the present application provides an electric device, the electric device includes the above-mentioned battery, and the battery is used to supply energy to the electric device.
  • the electrical devices include but are not limited to mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, battery cars, electric toys, electric tools, electric vehicles, ships, and spacecraft. Since the electric device in the embodiment of the present application includes the above-mentioned battery, the electric device in the embodiment of the present application includes all the advantages of the above-mentioned battery.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种电芯、电池及用电装置，电芯包括主体部和极耳部。其中，极耳部与主体部连接，极耳部包括沿第一方向层叠设置的多个极耳，沿靠近主体部的方向极耳依次包括第一区、中间区及第二区，沿第一方向至少两个相邻的极耳之间具有连接层，至少两个相邻的极耳的第二区通过连接层连接。

Description

一种电芯、电池及用电装置
本申请要求于2021年11月12日申请的、申请号为202122770642.8的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电化学装置机技术领域，特别是涉及一种电芯、电池及用电装置。
 背景技术
本部分提供的仅仅是与本申请相关的背景信息，其并不必然是现有技术。
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键。在这种情况下，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。而对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
在电池技术的发展中，除了提高电池的性能外，电池的安全问题也是一个不可忽视的问题。如果电池的安全问题不能保证，那该电池就无法使用或将导致严重的安全事故。因此，如何增强电池的安全性，是电池技术中一个亟待解决的技术问题。
 技术问题
本申请实施例的目的在于提供一种电芯、电池及用电装置，通过降低电芯的极耳发生倒插的概率，来降低电池失效的概率。
 技术解决方案
本申请第一方面的实施例提供了一种电芯，电芯包括主体部和极耳部。其中，极耳部与主体部连接，极耳部包括沿第一方向层叠设置的多个极耳，沿靠近主体部的方向极耳依次包括第一区、中间区及第二区，沿第一方向至少两个相邻的极耳之间具有连接层，至少两个相邻的极耳的第二区通过连接层连接。
一些实施例中，主体部包括阳极导电层、阴极导电层和置于阳极导电层及阴极导电层之间的隔膜层；极耳部为阳极极耳部或阴极极耳部，阳极极耳部包括沿第一方向堆叠设置的多个阳极极耳，多个阳极极耳与阳极导电层连接，阴极极耳部包括沿第一方向堆叠设置的多个阴极极耳，多个阴极极耳与阴极导电层连接。由此，多个阳极极耳的根部及多个阴极极耳的根部可通过连接层收拢在一起，从而降低了阳极极耳部及阴极极耳部中的多个阳极极耳的根部或多个阴极极耳的跟部出现分叉的概率，可以降低多个阳极极耳或多个阴极极耳因根部分叉而出现倒插入电芯内部，从而导致电芯及电池失效的概率。
一些实施例中，连接层包括至少部分覆盖第二区的第一部分及至少部分覆盖中间区的第二部分，至少两个相邻的极耳的中间区通过第二部分连接。由此，可以进一步收拢多个极耳的根部，进一步降低极耳部中多个极耳的跟部出现分叉的概率，从而进一步降低多个极耳因根部分叉而出现倒插入电芯内部而导致电芯及电池失效的概率。
一些实施例中，连接层完全覆盖第二区。由此，使得两个极耳的根部之间连接的更加稳固，进一步降低多个极耳因根部分叉而出现倒插入电芯内部而导致电芯及电池失效的概率。
一些实施例中，沿第一方向，多个极耳中的每相邻两个极耳间均具有连接层。由此，使得多个极耳的根部连接为一个整体，可以进一步降低极耳部的根部出现分叉的概率，从而进一步降低因极耳倒插入电芯而导致电芯失效的概率。
一些实施例中，极耳的第二区包括沿第一方向弯折的弯折区，连接层覆盖弯折区。由此，可以进一步增加多个极耳的第二区接触面积及连接面积，从而进一步增加多个极耳的根部的连接稳定性，进一步降低极耳部发生分叉及倒插入电芯内部而导致电芯失效的概率。
一些实施例中，主体部的结构为轴向卷绕结构或沿第一方向的层叠结构。
一些实施例中，连接层的材料包括绝缘胶。相邻的两个极耳根部之间通过绝缘胶粘接，降低了极耳间因接触导电而使电芯发生失效的概率。
本申请第二方面的实施例提供了一种电池，电池包括壳体和上述任一的电芯，电芯置于壳体内。
本申请第三方面的实施例提供了一种用电装置，用电装置包括上述电池，电池用于向用电装置提供电能。
当然，实施本申请的任一产品或方法并不一定需要同时达到以上的所有优点。
 有益效果
在本申请实施例提供的电芯中，第一方向可以为电芯的厚度方向。极耳部包括沿第一方向设置的多个极耳，且沿靠近主体部的方向极耳依次包括第一区、中间区及第二区，也就是第二区为极耳的靠近主体部的区域，即极耳的根部区域。连接层位于至少两个相邻的极耳之间且连接两个极耳的第二区，这使得多个极耳的根部可通过连接层收拢在一起，从而降低了极耳部中多个极耳的跟部出现分叉的概率，可以降低多个极耳因根部分叉而出现倒插入电芯内部，从而导致电芯及电池失效的概率。
 附图说明
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。在整个附图中，用相同的附图标记表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1为本申请一些实施例中一种电池的一种结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例中一种车辆的一种结构示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例中一种电芯的一种结构示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例中一种电芯的一种主视图；
图5为本申请一些实施例中一种电芯的一种侧视图。
附图标记：1-车辆；10-电池；11-电池模组；12-箱体；20-控制器；30-马达；100-电芯；110-主体部；111-阳极导电层；112-阴极导电层；113-隔膜层；120-极耳部；121-极耳；1211-第一区；1212-中间区；1213-第二区；122-阳极极耳部；1221-阳极极耳；123-阴极极耳部；1231-阴极极耳；130-连接层。
 本发明的实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上（包括两个），同理，“多组”指的是两组以上（包括两组），“多片”指的是两片以上（包括两片）。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
电芯包括电芯主体和与电芯主体连接的极耳部，极耳部包括层叠设置的多个极耳，即极耳部为多层极耳结构。相关技术中，多层极耳的顶部具有焊接区，多层极耳的顶部通过焊接区焊接，而多层极耳的根部不连接。因此在后续对极耳部进行整形的过程中，以及在电芯工作过程中，极耳部的根部受到挤压可能会产生变形及分叉等情况，从而使得极耳可能会出现倒插而导致电芯内部出现短路的现象。相关技术中多在极耳部表面的根部贴附PET膜层，然后对极耳部的根部进行按压以对极耳部进行收拢，以降低因极耳冗余而导致极耳发生倒插的概率。但PET膜对极耳根部的约束力较差，且在电芯生产过程中通过PET膜对极耳部进行整形存在整形失效的情况，整形失效易于导致极耳部的根部分叉从而出现倒插。
基于以上考虑，为了降低电芯的极耳发生倒插的概率，从而降低电池失效扥概率，申请人经过深入研究，设计了一种电芯。即本申请中的电芯，在至少两个相邻的极耳的根部之间设置连接层，通过连接层连接极耳的根部，降低极耳根部出现分叉的概率，从而通过降低极耳发生倒插的概率来降低电池失效的概率。
本申请实施例中的电芯为电池的重要组成部分。本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，如图1所示，本申请中所提到的电池10可以包括电池模组11或电池包等。电池10一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体12。箱体12可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
多个电池单体可经由极柱而被串联和/或并联在一起以应用于各种应用场合。在一些诸如电动汽车等的大功率应用场合，电池的应用包括三个层次：电池单体、电池模组和电池包。电池模组是为了从外部冲击、热、振动等中保护电池单体，将一定数目的电池单体电连接在一起并放入一个框架中而形成的。电池包则是装入电动汽车的电池系统的最终状态。电池包一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。箱体一般由盖体和箱壳组成。目前的大部分电池包是在一个或多个电池模组上装配电池管理系统（BMS）、热管理部件等各种控制和保护系统而制成的。随着技术的发展，电池模组这个层次可以被省略，也即，直接由电池单体形成电池包。这一改进使得电池系统的重量能量密度、体积能量密度得到提升的同时零部件数量显著下降。本申请中所提到的电池包括电池模组或电池包。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方体方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
并且，本申请实施例的技术方案的电芯，适用于各种使用电池的装置，例如，手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动玩具、电动工具、电动车辆、船舶和航天器等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等。
如图2所示，为本申请实施例提供的一种车辆1的结构示意图。车辆1可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1的内部可以设置马达30，控制器20以及电池10，控制器20用来控制电池10为马达30的供电。例如，在车辆1的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池10。电池10可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池10可以作为车辆1的操作电源，用于车辆1的电路系统，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。在本申请的另一实施例中，电池10不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
如图3至图5所示，本申请实施例提供的电芯100包括主体部110和极耳部120。其中，极耳部120与主体部110连接，极耳部120包括沿第一方向层叠设置的多个极耳121，沿靠近主体部110的方向极耳121依次包括第一区1211、中间区1212及第二区1213，沿第一方向至少两个相邻的极耳121之间具有连接层130，至少两个相邻的极耳121的第二区1213通过连接层130连接。
本申请实施例中，如图3所示，主体部110为电芯100的主要组成部分，且主体部110为电芯100中，能够通过化学能与电能的转换以实现电能的存储与释放的电极组件。主体部110可以包括两个极性相反的电极片及位于两个电极片间的隔膜结构。
极耳部120与主体部110连接，极耳部120为将主体部110的正负电极引出的金属导电体。极耳部120为包括多个极耳121的多层结构。第一区1211为极耳121的顶部区域，第一区1211可以为用于连接多个极耳121或将多个极耳121与转接板等器件连接的焊接区域。第二区1213靠近主体部110，第二区1213为极耳121的根部区域。中间区1212为极耳121的位于第一区1211及第二区1213之间的区域。如图5所示，第一方向可以为电芯100的厚度方向。
连接层130为位于沿第一方向相邻的极耳121之间以连接至少两个极耳121的连接结构。即连接层130位于极性相同的极耳121之间，进一步的，连接层130位于相邻的极耳121的第二区1213之间以连接相邻的极耳121的第二区1213。连接层130可以为胶层等。
在本申请实施例提供的电芯100中，极耳部120包括沿第一方向设置的多个极耳121，且沿靠近主体部110的方向极耳121依次包括第一区1211、中间区1212及第二区1213，也就是第二区1213为极耳121的靠近主体部110的区域，即极耳121的根部区域。连接层130位于至少两个相邻的极耳121之间且连接两个极耳121的第二区1213，这使得多个极耳121的根部可通过连接层130收拢在一起，从而可以降低极耳部120中多个极耳121的跟部出现分叉的概率，可以降低多个极耳121因根部分叉而出现倒插入电芯100内部，从而导致电芯100及电池失效的概率。
一些实施例中，如图3所示，主体部110包括阳极导电层111、阴极导电层112和置于阳极导电层111及阴极导电层112之间的隔膜层113。极耳部120为阳极极耳部122或阴极极耳部123，阳极极耳部122包括沿第一方向堆叠设置的多个阳极极耳1221，多个阳极极耳1221与阳极导电层111连接，阴极极耳部123包括沿第一方向堆叠设置的多个阴极极耳1231，多个阴极极耳1231与阴极导电层112连接。
本申请实施例中，阳极导电层111为电芯100的阳极极片或负极极片，阴极导电层112为电芯100的阴极极片或正极极片。其中，阳极导电层111的材料可以包括二氧化锰等，阴极导电层112的材料可以包括锂或包含锂的合金等。
隔膜层113位于阳极导电层111及阴极导电层112之间，用于隔离阳极导电层111及阴极导电层112以避免阳极导电层111及阴极导电层112因接触而发生短路，隔膜层113还用于在阳极导电层111及阴极导电层112之间形成离子移动的通道。其中，隔膜层113的材质可包括玻璃纤维、无纺布、聚乙烯、聚丙烯及聚偏二氟乙烯中的至少一种。隔膜层113可以是单层薄膜，也可以是多层复合薄膜，本申请对此不作限制。在隔膜层113为多层复合薄膜时，各层的材料可以相同或不同，本申请对此也不做限制。
阳极极耳部122包括多个与阳极导电层111连接的阳极极耳1221，阳极极耳1221为将主体部110内的负电极引出的金属导电体。阴极极耳部123包括多个与阴极导电层112连接的阴极极耳1231，阴极极耳1231为将主体部110内的正电极引出的金属导电体。其中，阳极极耳1221及阴极极耳1231沿靠近主体部110的方向均包括第一区1211、中间区1212及第二区1213。连接层130位于相邻的阳极极耳1221之间以及位于相邻的阴极极耳1231之间，以连接相邻的阳极极耳1221的第二区1213及相邻的阴极极耳1231的第二区1213。
本申请实施例中，连接层130位于至少两个相邻的阳极极耳1221之间以及至少两个相邻的阴极极耳1231之间，以连接两个阳极极耳1221及两个阴极极耳1231的第二区1213，这使得多个阳极极耳1221的根部及多个阴极极耳1231的根部可通过连接层130收拢在一起，从而降低了阳极极耳部122及阴极极耳部123中的多个阳极极耳1221的根部或多个阴极极耳1231的跟部出现分叉的概率，可以降低多个阳极极耳1221或多个阴极极耳1231因根部分叉而出现倒插入电芯100内部，从而导致电芯100及电池失效的概率。
一些实施例中，连接层130包括至少部分覆盖第二区1213的第一部分及至少部分覆盖中间区1212的第二部分，至少两个相邻的极耳121的中间区1212通过第二部分连接。
本申请实施例中，连接层130可以覆盖极耳121的第二区1213及中间区1212，相邻的两个极耳121的第二区1213及中间区1212均通过连接层130连接。也就是，相邻的两个极耳121除焊接区外的其他区域均可连接，由此在不影响极耳121焊接的情况下，可以进一步收拢多个极耳121的根部，进一步降低极耳部120中多个极耳121的跟部出现分叉的概率，从而进一步降低多个极耳121因根部分叉而出现倒插入电芯100内部而导致电芯100及电池失效的概率。
一些实施例中，连接层130完全覆盖第二区1213。连接层130完全覆盖第二区1213，使得沿第一方向相邻两个极耳121通过连接层130连接时，这两个极耳121之间的连接面较大，从而使得两个极耳121的根部之间连接的更加稳固，进一步降低多个极耳121因根部分叉而出现倒插入电芯100内部而导致电芯100及电池失效的概率。此外，连接层130也可以完全覆盖中间区1212，进一步增加相邻的两个极耳121的连接稳定性。
一些实施例中，沿第一方向，多个极耳121中的每相邻两个极耳121间均具有连接层130。
本申请实施例中，每相邻两个极耳121之间均具有连接层130，这使得沿第一方向每个极耳121的两侧均设置有连接层130以与位于其两侧的极耳121连接，这使得多个极耳121的根部连接为一个整体，可以进一步降低极耳部120的根部出现分叉的概率，从而进一步降低因极耳121倒插入电芯100而导致电芯100失效的概率。
一些实施例中，如图5所示，极耳121的第二区1213包括沿第一方向弯折的弯折区，连接层130覆盖弯折区。
本申请实施例中，弯折区可以为对极耳121的第二区1213进行冲坑加工而形成的凹部。多个极耳121的第二区1213均可以包括弯折区，且多个极耳121的弯折区的弯折方向相同。相邻的两个极耳121中，由极耳部120的边缘至中心的方向，位于前侧的极耳121的弯折部置于位于后侧的极耳121的弯折部内，多个极耳121中每相邻两个极耳121的弯折部均重叠。
本申请实施例中，多个极耳121的第二区1213具有弯折部，且弯折部上设置有连接层130，多个极耳121的弯折部层叠设置且通过连接层130连接，可以进一步增加多个极耳121的第二区1213接触面积及连接面积，从而进一步增加多个极耳121的根部的连接稳定性，进一步降低极耳部120发生分叉及倒插入电芯100内部而导致电芯100失效的概率。
一些实施例中，主体部110的结构为轴向卷绕结构或沿第一方向的层叠结构。其中，主体部110为卷绕结构也就是，主体部110通过阳极导电层111、阴极导电层112和隔膜层113依序卷绕而形成。主体部110位层叠结构也就是，主体部110通过阳极导电层111、阴极导电层112和隔膜层113依序堆叠而形成。本申请实施例中的主体部110可以是卷绕式的，也可以是堆叠式的，本申请对此不做限制。
一些实施例中，连接层130的材料包括绝缘胶。
本申请实施例中，连接层130可以为胶层，极耳121的第二区1213通过连接层130粘连连接。连接层130的材料可以为绝缘胶，如PET胶、PI胶等。相邻的两个极耳121根部之间通过绝缘胶粘接，降低了极耳121间因接触导电而使电芯100发生失效的概率。此外，连接层130还可以为压敏胶。
本申请实施例中，可在电芯100的卷绕设备中添加涂胶单元，在电芯100的极片卷绕之前，通过涂胶单元在极耳121的第二区1213涂胶，然后对极片进行卷绕，然后通过超声波焊接工序夹具对极耳部120进行整形，连接层130在夹具的压力的作用下形成胶层将胶层两侧的极耳121的根部粘贴在一起，实现极耳部120中多层极耳121根部的粘接。
本申请第二方面的实施例提供了一种电池，电池包括壳体及上述第一方面的电芯100，电芯100置于壳体内。
本申请实施例中，电池箱体形成容纳空间，电芯100置于容纳空间内。其中，壳体可以为硬壳体，例如硬塑料壳、铝壳、钢壳等。壳体也可以是软壳体，软壳体的材质可以是塑料，如聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯以及聚丁二酸丁二醇酯等。
在本申请实施例提供的电池所包括的电芯100中，极耳部120包括沿第一方向设置的多个极耳121，且沿靠近主体部110的方向极耳121依次包括第一区1211、中间区1212及第二区1213，也就是第二区1213为极耳121的靠近主体部110的区域，即极耳121的根部区域。连接层130位于至少两个相邻的极耳121之间且连接两个极耳121的第二区1213，这使得多个极耳121的根部可通过连接层130收拢在一起，从而可以降低极耳部120中多个极耳121的跟部出现分叉的概率，可以降低多个极耳121因根部分叉而出现倒插入电芯100内部，从而导致电芯100及电池失效的概率。
本申请第三方面的实施例提供了一种用电装置，该用电装置包括上述电池，电池用于向用电装置供能。
本申请实施例中，用电装置包括但不限于手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动玩具、电动工具、电动车辆、船舶和航天器等。由于本申请实施例中的用电装置包括上述电池，因此本申请实施例中的用电装置包括上述电池所具有的全部优点。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电芯，其中，包括：
    主体部；
    极耳部，所述极耳部与所述主体部连接，所述极耳部包括沿第一方向层叠设置的多个极耳，沿靠近所述主体部的方向所述极耳依次包括第一区、中间区及第二区，沿所述第一方向至少两个相邻的极耳之间具有连接层，至少两个相邻的极耳的第二区通过所述连接层连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电芯，其中，所述主体部包括阳极导电层、阴极导电层和置于所述阳极导电层及所述阴极导电层之间的隔膜层；
    所述极耳部为阳极极耳部或阴极极耳部，所述阳极极耳部包括沿所述第一方向堆叠设置的多个阳极极耳，所述多个阳极极耳与所述阳极导电层连接，所述阴极极耳部包括沿所述第一方向堆叠设置的多个阴极极耳，所述多个阴极极耳与所述阴极导电层连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电芯，其中，所述连接层包括至少部分覆盖所述第二区的第一部分及至少部分覆盖所述中间区的第二部分，所述至少两个相邻的极耳的中间区通过所述第二部分连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电芯，其中，所述连接层完全覆盖所述第二区。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电芯，其中，沿所述第一方向，所述多个极耳中的每相邻两个极耳间均具有连接层。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电芯，其中，所述极耳的第二区包括沿第一方向弯折的弯折区，所述连接层覆盖所述弯折区。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的电芯，其中，所述主体部的结构为轴向卷绕结构或沿第一方向的层叠结构。
  8. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的电芯，其中，所述连接层的材料包括绝缘胶。
  9. 一种电池，其中，包括壳体和权利要求1至8任一项所述的电芯，所述电芯置于所述壳体内。
  10. 一种用电装置，其中，包括权利要求9所述的电池，所述电池用于向所述用电装置提供电能。
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