WO2023098304A1 - 电池单体、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023098304A1
WO2023098304A1 PCT/CN2022/124695 CN2022124695W WO2023098304A1 WO 2023098304 A1 WO2023098304 A1 WO 2023098304A1 CN 2022124695 W CN2022124695 W CN 2022124695W WO 2023098304 A1 WO2023098304 A1 WO 2023098304A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery cell
battery
sealing area
main body
along
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/124695
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
高思伟
李放
陈圣旺
陈帆
陈联富
杨鑫
郭志永
范冬华
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023098304A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023098304A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/14—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors
    • H01M50/141—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors for protecting against humidity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/184—Sealing members characterised by their shape or structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/588—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries outside the batteries, e.g. incorrect connections of terminals or busbars
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, in particular to a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • Battery cells are widely used in electronic equipment, such as mobile phones, laptop computers, battery cars, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes and electric tools, etc.
  • the battery cells may include nickel-cadmium battery cells, nickel-hydrogen battery cells, lithium-ion battery cells, secondary alkaline zinc-manganese battery cells, and the like.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device, aiming at increasing the energy density of the battery cell.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, which includes a casing, an electrode assembly, and an electrode lead-out portion.
  • the edge of the casing is provided with a sealing area;
  • the electrode assembly is accommodated in the casing, and the electrode assembly includes a main body and a tab connected to the main body; at least part of the electrode lead-out part is electrically connected with the tab to form a connection site, and at least part of the connection site in a sealed area.
  • connection part is located in the sealing area, in other words, at least part of the connection part overlaps with the sealing area, which can reduce the space occupied by the connection part in the housing, thereby improving the space utilization rate inside the battery cell and improving the battery life.
  • the battery cell further includes an adhesive for bonding the connecting portion to the sealing area.
  • the adhesive member can separate the electrode lead-out part from the sealing area, so as to reduce the risk of contact between the electrode lead-out part and the metal layer of the casing, prevent short circuit, and improve the safety performance of the battery cell.
  • the adhesive completely covers the surface of the connection site.
  • the adhesive part completely covers the surface of the connection part, which can prevent the welding slag formed by welding from falling into the inside of the battery cell to a certain extent, thereby reducing the possibility of short circuit of the battery cell.
  • the connection part and the sealing area are completely separated by the adhesive, which can further reduce the risk of metal contact between the electrode lead-out part and the casing, thereby further improving the safety performance of the battery cell.
  • the size of the adhesive member along the first direction exceeds the size of the electrode lead-out portion along the first direction, and the first direction is the extending direction of the sealing area; and/or the size of the adhesive member along the first direction exceeds the electrode lead-out portion.
  • the adhesive can completely cover the electrode lead-out part and the tab in the first direction, further reducing the risk of contact between the connection part and the metal layer of the casing; and can reduce the burr generated after the electrode lead-out part and the tab are cut to puncture the shell risks of.
  • part of the adhesive member is disposed on the outer side of the casing along a second direction, and the second direction is a direction from the main body to the tab.
  • the adhesive member located outside the edge of the housing can be connected to the sealing area, thereby improving the sealing performance of this area and reducing the risk of external water vapor entering the interior of the housing through this area.
  • connection site is located entirely in the sealing area.
  • the connection part will not occupy the space in the casing, thereby further improving the space utilization rate of the electrode assembly and further increasing the energy density of the battery cell.
  • the size of the sealing area along the second direction is greater than the size of the connecting portion along the first direction, and the second direction is a direction from the main body to the tab.
  • the sealing area completely covers the connection part in the second direction, which can seal the side of the connection part away from the electrode assembly and improve the sealing performance, thereby reducing the risk of external water and oxygen entering the casing through the connection part and ensuring the safety of the battery cells. electrochemical performance.
  • the edge has a first surface at an end away from the main body
  • the sealing area includes an end away from the main body along a second direction
  • the distance between the first surface and the end is 1 mm to 2 mm
  • the second direction is determined by The main body points to the direction of the tab.
  • the present application provides a battery, including the battery cell according to any embodiment of the first aspect of the present application.
  • the present application provides an electrical device, including a battery according to the embodiment of the second aspect of the present application, and the battery is used to provide electric energy.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module shown in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the battery cell shown in FIG. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the battery cell shown in Fig. 5 at A;
  • Fig. 7 is another enlarged schematic view of the battery cell shown in Fig. 5 at A;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is another enlarged schematic view of the battery cell shown in FIG. 5 at box A;
  • X first direction
  • Y second direction
  • Z thickness direction
  • Electrode assembly 721. Main body; 722. Ears;
  • Electrode lead-out part
  • Adhesive parts 751. Body part; 752. Positioning part.
  • connection In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms “installation”, “connection”, “connection” and “attachment” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be internal communication between two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application according to specific situations.
  • the same reference numerals represent the same components, and for the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions of the same components are omitted in different embodiments. It should be understood that the thickness, length, width and other dimensions of the various components in the embodiments of the application shown in the drawings, as well as the overall thickness, length and width of the integrated device, are for illustrative purposes only, and should not constitute any limitation to the application .
  • “Plurality” in this application refers to two or more (including two).
  • the battery cell may include a lithium ion secondary battery cell, a lithium ion primary battery cell, a lithium sulfur battery cell, a lithium sodium ion battery cell, a sodium ion battery cell or a magnesium ion battery cell, etc.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • the battery cell is a pouch battery cell.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack, and the like.
  • Batteries generally include a case for enclosing one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly includes a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and a separator.
  • a battery cell works primarily by moving metal ions between the positive and negative pole pieces.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector; the positive electrode current collector includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode lug protruding from the positive electrode current collector. part is coated with a positive electrode active material layer, and at least part of the positive electrode tab is not coated with a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, the positive electrode active material layer includes the positive electrode active material, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector; the negative electrode current collector includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode tab protruding from the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode current collector part is coated with a negative electrode active material layer, and at least part of the negative electrode tab is not coated with a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper, the negative electrode active material layer includes the negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive pole tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative pole tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the spacer can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene).
  • the electrode assembly may be a wound structure or a laminated structure, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell also includes a casing and an electrode lead-out part, and the casing may include two layers of packaging films.
  • the two-layer packaging film is top-sealed and side-sealed under the packaging of the packaging equipment.
  • the electrode lead-out part is connected to the tab. Before top sealing, it is necessary to connect the tabs and electrode lead-out parts in advance, and then top seal the two layers of packaging film.
  • the connecting part of the tab and the electrode lead-out part is set independently from the sealing area of the top seal. Therefore, the connecting part needs to occupy the internal space of the casing, resulting in a small available space for the electrode assembly, resulting in a battery cell. Energy density is low.
  • the battery cell includes a casing, an electrode assembly, and an electrode lead-out part.
  • the edges of the housing are provided with sealing areas.
  • the electrode assembly is accommodated in the casing, and the electrode assembly includes a main body and tabs connected to the main body. At least part of the electrode lead-out part is electrically connected with the tab to form a connection site, and at least part of the connection site is located in the sealing area.
  • the battery cell with this structure has a higher utilization rate of space inside the housing, which can increase the space occupied by the electrode assembly, thereby increasing the energy density of the battery cell.
  • the technical solution described in the embodiments of the present application is applicable to a battery cell, a battery including the battery cell, and an electric device using the battery.
  • Electric devices can be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and electric tools, and so on.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles;
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spacecraft, etc.;
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys and electric airplane toys, etc.;
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, electric planers, and more.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not impose special limitations on the above-mentioned electrical devices.
  • the electric device is taken as an example for description.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • a battery 2 is arranged inside the vehicle 1 , and the battery 2 can be arranged at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 2 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 2 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 .
  • the vehicle 1 may also include a controller 3 and a motor 4 , the controller 3 is used to control the battery 2 to supply power to the motor 4 , for example, for the starting, navigation and working power requirements of the vehicle 1 during driving.
  • the battery 2 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1 to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 instead of or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas.
  • Fig. 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 2 includes a box body 5 and a battery cell (not shown in FIG. 2 ), and the battery cell is accommodated in the box body 5 .
  • the box body 5 is used to accommodate the battery cells, and the box body 5 may have various structures.
  • the box body 5 may include a first box body part 51 and a second box body part 52, the first box body part 51 and the second box body part 52 cover each other, the first box body part 51 and the second box body part 51
  • the two box parts 52 jointly define an accommodating space 53 for accommodating the battery cells.
  • the second box part 52 can be a hollow structure with one end open, the first box part 51 is a plate-shaped structure, and the first box part 51 covers the opening side of the second box part 52 to form an accommodating space 53
  • the box body 5; the first box body portion 51 and the second box body portion 52 also can be a hollow structure with one side opening, and the opening side of the first box body portion 51 is covered on the opening side of the second box body portion 52 , to form a box body 5 with an accommodation space 53 .
  • the first box body part 51 and the second box body part 52 can be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, and the like.
  • a sealing member may also be provided between the first box body portion 51 and the second box body portion 52, such as sealant, sealing ring, etc. .
  • the first box part 51 covers the top of the second box part 52
  • the first box part 51 can also be called an upper box cover
  • the second box part 52 can also be called a lower box.
  • the battery 2 there may be one or more battery cells. If there are multiple battery cells, the multiple battery cells can be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel.
  • the hybrid connection means that there are both series and parallel connections among the multiple battery cells.
  • a plurality of battery cells can be directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of a plurality of battery cells is accommodated in the box 5; of course, it is also possible to first connect a plurality of battery cells in series or parallel or
  • the battery modules 6 are formed by parallel connection, and multiple battery modules 6 are connected in series or in parallel or in series to form a whole, and are housed in the box body 5 .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module shown in FIG. 2 .
  • there are multiple battery cells 7 and the multiple battery cells 7 are connected in series, in parallel, or in parallel to form a battery module 6 .
  • a plurality of battery modules 6 are connected in series, in parallel or in parallel to form a whole, and accommodated in the box.
  • the plurality of battery cells 7 in the battery module 6 can be electrically connected through a confluence component, so as to realize parallel connection, series connection or mixed connection of the plurality of battery cells 7 in the battery module 6 .
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application, and Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the battery cell shown in Figure 4; Figure 6 is a schematic view of the battery cell shown in Figure 5 at box A Zoom in on the schematic.
  • the battery cell 7 provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a casing 71 , an electrode assembly 72 and an electrode lead-out portion 73 .
  • the edge 711 of the housing 71 is provided with a sealing area 711a.
  • the electrode assembly 72 is accommodated in the casing 71 , and the electrode assembly 72 includes a main body 721 and a tab 722 connected to the main body 721 . At least part of the electrode lead-out part 73 is electrically connected to the tab 722 to form a connection location 74, and at least a part of the connection location 74 is located in the sealing area 711a.
  • An accommodating cavity is formed inside the casing 71 to accommodate the electrode assembly 72 and the electrolyte.
  • the shape of the casing 71 may be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly 72 .
  • the casing 71 may include a first packaging film 710a and a second packaging film 710b, the first packaging film 710a and the second packaging film 710b are arranged up and down along the thickness direction Z, and the electrode assembly 72 is arranged on the first packaging film 710a and the second packaging film Between 710b.
  • the Z direction shown in FIG. 6 represents the thickness direction.
  • the first packaging film 710a and the second packaging film 710b can be set separately or integrally.
  • the first packaging film 710a and the second packaging film 710b are formed by folding a piece of packaging film (such as aluminum-plastic film, steel-plastic film, etc.) in half.
  • Both the first packaging film 710a and the second packaging film 710b have a multi-layer structure.
  • both the first packaging film 710a and the second packaging film 710b include a protective layer, a metal layer and a heat-sealing layer, and the protective layer and the heat-sealing layer are respectively disposed on two sides of the metal layer.
  • the heat-sealing layer may be provided on the surface of the metal layer facing the electrode assembly 72 through an adhesive
  • the protective layer may be provided on the surface of the metal layer facing away from the electrode assembly 72 through an adhesive.
  • the material of the protective layer can be nylon or polyethylene terephthalate
  • the material of the metal layer can be aluminum foil or steel foil
  • the material of the heat-sealing layer can be polypropylene
  • the first packaging film 710a and the second packaging film 710b are connected on the outside of the electrode assembly 72 and form a sealing area 711a.
  • the sealing area 711 a is located at the edge 711 of the housing 71 .
  • the heat-sealing layer of the first packaging film 710a is welded to the heat-sealing layer of the second packaging film 710b to form a sealing area 711a.
  • the electrode assembly 72 is the core component for the battery cell 7 to realize the charging and discharging function.
  • the electrode assembly 72 includes a main body 721 and a tab 722 .
  • the main body 721 includes active materials, and the tabs 722 do not include active materials.
  • One end of the electrode lead-out portion 73 is located in the housing 71 to be connected to the tab 722 of the electrode assembly 72 in the shell 71, and the connection area between the electrode lead-out portion 73 and the tab 722 forms a connection portion 74.
  • the other end of the electrode lead-out portion 73 can protrude out of the housing 71 and be used for electrical connection with external devices.
  • the electrode lead-out part 73 conducts the electrode assembly 72 with external equipment, so as to realize charging and discharging of the electrode assembly 72 .
  • the electrode lead-out portion 73 can be welded to the tab 722 of the electrode assembly 72 to be electrically connected to the main body 721 of the electrode assembly 72 .
  • the welding area of the electrode lead-out portion 73 and the tab 722 forms a solder mark, in other words, the solder mark position constitutes the connection portion 74 .
  • At least part of the electrode lead-out part 73 of the embodiment of the present application is electrically connected to the tab 722 to form a connection part 74, at least part of the connection part 74 is located in the sealing area 711a, in other words, at least part of the connection part 74 and the sealing area 711a overlap, which can The space occupied by the connecting portion 74 in the casing 71 is reduced, thereby improving the space utilization rate in the battery cell 7 and increasing the energy density of the battery cell 7 .
  • the battery cell further includes an adhesive member 75 for bonding the connecting portion 74 to the sealing area 711 a.
  • the adhesive member 75 can be insulating, and can separate the electrode lead-out portion 73 from the sealing area 711a, so as to reduce the risk of contact between the electrode lead-out portion 73 and the metal layer of the casing 71, prevent short circuit, and improve the safety of the battery cell. performance.
  • the material of the adhesive member 75 may be glue or polypropylene. Glue is used directly to bond the joint 74 and the sealing area 711a. Polypropylene has adhesiveness after hot-melting, and can be bonded between the connection part 74 and the sealing area 711a, and can be integrated with the heat-sealing layer of the sealing area 711a to improve the sealing performance there.
  • welding slag When the electrode lead-out part and the tab are welded, welding slag will be generated at the connection part.
  • the welding slag may have adverse effects on the interior of the battery cell, such as piercing the electrode assembly and causing the risk of short circuit of the battery cell.
  • FIG. 7 is another enlarged schematic diagram at A of the battery cell shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the adhesive member 75 can completely cover the surface of the connecting portion 74 .
  • the adhesive member 75 can prevent the welding slag from falling into the inside of the battery cell to a certain extent, thereby reducing the possibility of a short circuit in the battery cell 7 .
  • the connection portion 74 and the sealing area 711a are completely separated by the adhesive member 75, which can further reduce the risk of metal contact between the electrode lead-out portion 73 and the casing, thereby further improving the safety performance of the battery cell 7.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of battery cells provided by other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is another enlarged schematic diagram at A of the battery cell shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the size of the adhesive member 75 along the first direction X exceeds the size of the electrode lead-out portion 73 along the first direction X, and the adhesive member 75 can completely cover the first direction X.
  • the electrode lead-out portion 73 further reduces the risk of contact between the electrode lead-out portion 73 and the metal layer of the casing 71 ; and can reduce the risk of burrs generated after the electrode lead-out portion 73 is cut piercing the casing 71 .
  • the size of the adhesive member 75 along the first direction X exceeds the size of the tab 722 along the first direction X, and the adhesive member 75 can completely cover the tab 722 in the first direction X, further reducing the size of the tab 722 and The metal layer of the shell 71 is in contact with the risk; and the risk of the burr generated after the tab 722 is cut can be reduced to puncture the shell 71 .
  • the X direction shown in FIG. 8 represents the first direction, and the first direction X is the extending direction of the sealing area 711a; the Y direction represents the second direction, and the second direction Y is the direction from the main body 721 to the tab 722 .
  • the first direction X is perpendicular to the thickness direction Z, and the first direction X is perpendicular to the second direction Y.
  • the adhesive member 75 bonds the connecting part 74 to the sealing area 711a, where the thickness of the sealing area 711a is relatively large, and the risk of external water and oxygen entering the housing 71 through this position is high, and the external water and oxygen entering the housing 71, chemical reactions may occur with the electrode assembly 72 or the electrolyte, thereby adversely affecting the charge and discharge of the battery cell 7.
  • part of the adhesive member 75 is arranged on the outside of the housing 71 along the second direction Y, and the adhesive member 75 located outside the edge 711 of the housing 71 can It is connected with the sealing area 711a to improve the sealing performance of this area and reduce the risk of external water vapor entering the interior of the housing 71 through this area.
  • connection part 74 is completely located in the sealing area 711a, and the connection part 74 will not occupy the space in the casing 71, thereby further improving the space utilization rate of the electrode assembly 72, which can The energy density of the battery cell 7 is further increased.
  • the adhesive member 75 includes a body portion 751 and a positioning portion 752 .
  • the main body portion 751 is at least partially disposed around the outer side of the connecting portion 74 and welded to the sealing area 711 a, and separates the sealing area 711 a from the connecting portion 74 .
  • the positioning part 752 is arranged continuously with the main body part 751, and is located on the side of the main body part 751 away from the electrode assembly 72.
  • the positioning part 752 is arranged around the outer side of the electrode lead part 73 and welded to the sealing area 711a, so as to seal the electrode lead part 73 and the sealing area. Region 711a is separated.
  • the positioning portion 752 can be fusion-bonded with the heat-sealing layer of the casing 71 to improve the sealing performance there.
  • the size of the connection portion 74 along the second direction Y is equal to the size of the body portion 751 along the second direction Y, and the connection portion 74 completely overlaps with the body portion 751 to fully increase the size of the connection portion 74 along the second direction Y, Therefore, the overcurrent capability of the tab 722 can be improved.
  • the body portion 751 has a first edge close to the main body portion 721 along the second direction Y
  • the sealing region 711a has a second edge close to the main body portion 721 along the second direction Y
  • the first edge exceeds The second edge, in other words, the body portion 751 exceeds the sealing area 711a, so that the body portion 751 can further prevent the connection portion 74 from being in direct contact with the sealing area 711a, reducing the risk of short circuit.
  • the positioning portion 752 has a third edge facing away from the main body portion 721 along the second direction Y
  • the sealing area 711a has a fourth edge facing away from the main body portion 721 along the second direction Y, and along the second direction Y
  • the third edge exceeds The fourth edge, in other words, the positioning portion 752 exceeds the sealing area 711a, and the positioning portion 752 can further prevent the direct contact between the electrode lead-out portion 73 and the sealing area 711a, reducing the risk of short circuit.
  • the size of the main body portion 751 along the first direction X is larger than the size of the positioning portion 752 along the first direction X, so as to ensure that the adhesive member 75 completely covers the connecting portion 74 along the first direction X, thereby ensuring that the connecting portion 74 and Insulation between sealed areas 711a.
  • the bonding force between the positioning portion 752 and the sealing area 711a is greater than the bonding force between the main body portion 751 and the connecting portion 74, and a stronger bonding force between the positioning portion 752 and the sealing area 711a can improve the sealing performance of this position, and can To a certain extent, prevent external water and oxygen from entering the interior of the battery cell 7 .
  • An electrode lead-out part 73 and an adhesive part 75 are provided, and the adhesive part 75 includes a body part 751 and a positioning part 752 .
  • the positioning portion 752 may be pre-set around the outer side of the electrode lead-out portion 73 by bonding or welding.
  • the two main body parts 751 are connected to the positioning part 752. In other words, the body portion 751 is not melted in advance.
  • the positioning part 752 can be glued to the electrode lead-out part 73 by glue, and can also be directly welded to the electrode lead-out part 73 .
  • An electrode assembly 72 is provided, and the electrode assembly 72 includes a main body 721 and a tab 722 connected to the main body 721;
  • connection part 74 Connecting the electrode lead-out part 73 and the tab 722 to form a connection part 74;
  • the case 71 is provided, the electrode assembly 72 is accommodated in the case 71, and the edge 711 of the case 71 is melted to form a sealing area 711a, and at least part of the connection portion 74 is located in the sealing area 711a.
  • the dimension of the sealing area 711 a along the second direction Y is larger than the dimension of the connecting portion 74 along the second direction Y.
  • the sealing area 711a completely covers the connection part 74 in the second direction Y, and can seal the side of the connection part 74 away from the electrode assembly 72, thereby improving the sealing performance, thereby reducing the possibility of external water and oxygen entering the casing 71 through the connection part 74. risk, to ensure the electrochemical performance of the battery cell 7.
  • the edge 711 of the housing 71 has a first surface 711b at an end facing away from the main body portion 721, the sealing area 711a includes an end portion facing away from the main body portion 721 along the second direction Y, the first surface 711b and the end portion The distance is 1 mm to 2 mm.
  • the distance between the first surface 711b of the housing 71 and the end is set at 1 mm to 2 mm. In this range, the possibility of overflow of the heat seal layer of the housing 71 during top sealing will be reduced. and setting this range can also reduce the risk of external water and oxygen entering the interior of the casing 71 through the heat-sealing layer, thereby ensuring the electrochemical performance of the battery.
  • the battery cell 7 includes a casing 71 , an electrode assembly 72 , an electrode lead-out portion 73 and an adhesive member 75 .
  • the casing 71 includes a first wrapping film and a second wrapping film, the first wrapping film and the second wrapping film are connected to form a sealing area 711a at the edge thereof, so that the inside of the casing 71 forms a sealed accommodating cavity.
  • the electrode assembly 72 is accommodated in the housing cavity of the casing 71 , the electrode assembly 72 includes a main body 721 and a tab 722 , and the main body 721 is connected to the tab 722 .
  • connection portion 74 One end of the electrode lead-out portion 73 is electrically connected to the tab 722 to form a connection portion 74 , and the other end extends out of the housing 71 to be electrically connected to an external device.
  • the connecting portion 74 is completely located in the sealing area 711a, and the dimension of the sealing area 711a along the second direction Y is larger than the dimension of the connecting portion 74 along the second direction Y, so as to improve the sealing performance there.
  • Adhesive 75 is used to bond connecting portion 74 in sealing area 711a, and adhesive 75 separates connecting portion 74 and sealing area 711a, reduces the risk of short circuit between connecting portion 74 and sealing area 711a;
  • the part of the casing 71 is arranged on the outside of the housing 71 along the second direction Y, so that the part of the adhesive member 75 is connected to the sealing area 711a, thereby improving the sealing performance there, and can completely separate the sealing area 711a from the electrode lead-out part 73, Reduces the risk of short circuits.
  • the adhesive member 75 includes a positioning portion 752 and two body portions 751, the positioning portion 752 and the body portion 751 are arranged continuously, and the positioning portion 752 is located on the side of the body portion 751 away from the main body portion 721, and the positioning portion 752 is connected to the sealing area 711a, and the two body parts 751 are respectively arranged on both sides of the connection part 74 along the thickness direction. 73 covers the connection part 74 after connection.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供了一种电池单体、电池及用电装置。本申请实施例的电池单体，其包括壳体、电极组件和电极引出部。壳体的边缘设有密封区域；电极组件，容纳于壳体内，电极组件包括主体部和连接于主体部的极耳；电极引出部的至少部分与极耳电连接形成连接部位，连接部位的至少部分位于密封区域。连接部位和密封区域的至少部分重叠，能够降低连接部位占据壳体内的空间，从而提高电极组件的空间利用率，提高电池单体的能量密度。

Description

电池单体、电池及用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2021年11月30日提交的名称为“电池单体、电池及用电装置”的中国专利申请202122983543.8的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池单体、电池及用电装置。
背景技术
电池单体广泛用于电子设备，例如手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等等。电池单体可以包括镉镍电池单体、氢镍电池单体、锂离子电池单体和二次碱性锌锰电池单体等。
在电池技术的发展中，如何提高电池单体的性能，尤其是如何提升电池单体的能量密度是亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请提供一种电池单体、电池及用电装置，旨在提高电池单体的能量密度。
第一方面，本申请提出了一种电池单体，其包括壳体、电极组件和电极引出部。壳体的边缘设有密封区域；电极组件容纳于壳体内，电极组件包括主体部和连接于主体部的极耳；电极引出部的至少部分与极耳电连接形成连接部位，连接部位的至少部分位于密封区域。
上述技术方案中，连接部位的至少部分位于密封区域，换言之，连接部位和密封区域的至少部分重叠，能够降低连接部位占据壳体内的空间，从而提高电池单体内部的空间利用率，提高电池单体的能量密度。
在一些实施方式中，电池单体还包括粘接件，粘接件用于将连接部位粘接于密封区域。粘接件能够将电极引出部和密封区域隔开，以降低电极引出部和壳体的金属层接触的风险，防止发生短路，提高电池单体的安全性能。
在一些实施方式中，粘接件完全覆盖连接部位的表面。粘接件完全覆盖连接部 位的表面，能够在一定程度上防止因焊接形成的焊渣掉落至电池单体内部，从而降低电池单体发生短路的可能性。连接部位和密封区域完全被粘接件所隔开，能够进一步降低电极引出部和壳体的金属接触的风险，从而进一步提高电池单体的安全性能。
在一些实施方式中，粘接件沿第一方向的尺寸超过电极引出部沿第一方向的尺寸，第一方向为密封区域的延伸方向；和/或粘接件沿第一方向的尺寸超过极耳沿第一方向的尺寸。粘接件在第一方向上能够完全覆盖电极引出部和极耳，进一步降低连接部位和壳体的金属层接触的风险；并且能够降低电极引出部和极耳切割后产生的毛刺刺破壳体的风险。
在一些实施方式中，粘接件的部分设置于壳体沿第二方向的外侧，第二方向为由主体部指向极耳的方向。位于壳体边缘外侧的粘接件能够与密封区域连接，提高该处的密封性，降低外部水汽通过该处进入壳体内部的风险。
在一些实施方式中，连接部位完全位于密封区域。连接部位将不会占据壳体内的空间，从而进一步提升电极组件的空间利用率，能够进一步提高电池单体的能量密度。
在一些实施方式中，密封区域沿第二方向的尺寸大于连接部位沿第一方向的尺寸，第二方向为由主体部指向极耳的方向。密封区域在第二方向上完全覆盖连接部位，能够对连接部位背离电极组件的一侧进行密封，提高密封性，从而能够降低外部水氧通过连接部位处进入壳体的风险，保证电池单体的电化学性能。
在一些实施方式中，边缘在背离主体部的一端具有第一表面，密封区域包括沿第二方向背离主体部的端部，第一表面与端部的距离为1mm～2mm，第二方向为由主体部指向极耳的方向。在此范围时，将会降低顶封时壳体的热封层溢出的可能性；而且设置此范围，还能够降低外部水氧通过热封层进入壳体内部的风险，从而保证电池的电化学性能。
第二方面，本申请提出了一种电池，包括如本申请第一方面任一实施例的电池单体。
第三方面，本申请提出了一种用电装置，包括如本申请第二方面实施例的电池，电池用于提供电能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一些实施例提供的电池的分解示意图；
图3是图2所示的电池模块的结构示意图；
图4是本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的结构示意图；
图5是图4所示的电池单体的剖视示意图；
图6是图5所示的电池单体在A处的一种放大示意图；
图7是图5所示的电池单体在A处的另一种放大示意图；
图8是本申请另一些实施例提供的电池单体的结构示意图；
图9是图5所示的电池单体在方框A处的另一种放大示意图；
在附图中，附图未必按照实际的比例绘制。
其中，图中各附图标记：
X、第一方向；Y、第二方向；Z、厚度方向；
1、车辆；2、电池；3、控制器；4、马达；5、箱体；51、第一箱体部；52、第二箱体部；53、容纳空间；6、电池模块；7、电池单体；
71、壳体；711、边缘；711a、密封区域；711b、第一表面；710a、第一包装膜；710b、第二包装膜；
72、电极组件；721、主体部；722、极耳；
73、电极引出部；
74、连接部位；
75、粘接件；751、本体部；752、定位部。
具体实施方式
使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池单体、锂离子一次电池单体、锂硫电池单体、锂钠离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。在本申请中，电池单体为软包电池单体。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解质，电极组件包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离件。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面；正极集流体包括正极集流部和凸出于正极集流部的正极极耳，正极集流部涂覆有正极活性物质层，正极极耳的至少部分未涂覆正极活性物质层。以锂离子电池单体为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质层包括正极活性物质，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面；负极集流体包括负极集流部和凸出于负极集流部的负极极耳，负极集流部涂覆有负极活性物质层，负极极耳的至少部分未涂覆负极活性物质层。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质层包括负极活性物质，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离件的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池单体还包括壳体和电极引出部，壳体可以包括两层包装膜。两层包装膜在封装设备的封装下进行顶封和侧封。电极引出部连接于极耳。在顶封前，需要预先将极耳和电极引出部连接，然后将两层包装膜顶封。
发明人发现极耳和电极引出部的连接部位，与顶封的密封区域独立设置，由此，连接部位需占据壳体的内部空间，从而造成电极组件的可用空间较小，导致电池单体的能量密度较低。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提出了一种技术方案，在该技术方案中，电池单体包括 壳体、电极组件和电极引出部。壳体的边缘设有密封区域。电极组件容纳于壳体内，电极组件包括主体部和连接于主体部的极耳。电极引出部的至少部分与极耳电连接形成连接部位，连接部位的至少部分位于密封区域。具有该种结构的电池单体，其壳体内部的空间利用率较高，能够提高电极组件的占据空间，从而能够提升电池单体的能量密度。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池单体、包含电池单体的电池以及使用电池的用电装置。
用电装置可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电装置不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电装置为车辆为例进行说明。
图1是本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图。如图1所示，车辆1的内部设置有电池2，电池2可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池2可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池2可以作为车辆1的操作电源。
车辆1还可以包括控制器3和马达4，控制器3用来控制电池2为马达4供电，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池2不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
图2是本申请一些实施例提供的电池的分解示意图。如图2所示，电池2包括箱体5和电池单体(图2未示出)，电池单体容纳于箱体5内。
箱体5用于容纳电池单体，箱体5可以是多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体5可以包括第一箱体部51和第二箱体部52，第一箱体部51与第二箱体部52相互盖合，第一箱体部51和第二箱体部52共同限定出用于容纳电池单体的容纳空间53。第二箱体部52可以是一端开口的空心结构，第一箱体部51为板状结构，第一箱体部51盖合于第二箱体部52的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间53的箱体5；第一箱体部51和第二箱体部52也均可以是一侧开口的空心结构，第一箱体部51的开口侧盖合于第二箱体部52的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间53的箱体5。当然，第一箱体部51和第二箱体部52可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
为提高第一箱体部51与第二箱体部52连接后的密封性，第一箱体部51与第二箱体部52之间也可以设置密封件，比如，密封胶、密封圈等。
假设第一箱体部51盖合于第二箱体部52的顶部，第一箱体部51亦可称之为上箱盖，第二箱体部52亦可称之为下箱体。
在电池2中，电池单体可以是一个，也可以是多个。若电池单体为多个，多个电池单体之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体构成的整体容纳于箱体5内；当然，也可以是多个电池单体先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块6，多个电池模块6再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体5内。
图3是图2所示的电池模块的结构示意图。如图3所示，在一些实施例中，电池单体7为多个，多个电池单体7先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块6。多个电池模块6再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体内。
电池模块6中的多个电池单体7之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现电池模块6中的多个电池单体7的并联或串联或混联。
图4是本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的结构示意图，图5是图4所示的电池单体的剖视示意图；图6是图5所示的电池单体在方框A处的放大示意图。
如图4至图6所示，本申请实施例提供的电池单体7包括壳体71、电极组件72和电极引出部73。壳体71的边缘711设有密封区域711a。电极组件72容纳于壳体71内，电极组件72包括主体部721和连接于主体部721的极耳722。电极引出部73的至少部分与极耳722电连接形成连接部位74，连接部位74的至少部分位于密封区域711a。
壳体71内部形成有容纳腔，以容纳电极组件72和电解液。壳体71的形状可根据电极组件72的具体形状确定。
壳体71可以包括第一包装膜710a和第二包装膜710b，第一包装膜710a和第二包装膜710b沿厚度方向Z上下布置，电极组件72设置于第一包装膜710a和第二包装膜710b之间。图6中所示的Z方向表示厚度方向。
第一包装膜710a和第二包装膜710b可以分体设置，也可一体设置。例如，第一包装膜710a和第二包装膜710b由一张包装膜(例如铝塑膜、钢塑膜等)对折而成。
第一包装膜710a和第二包装膜710b均为多层结构。例如，第一包装膜710a和第二包装膜710b均包括保护层、金属层和热封层，保护层和热封层分别设置于金属层的两侧。具体地，热封层可通过粘结剂设置于金属层的面向电极组件72的表面，保护层可通过粘接剂设置于金属层的背离电极组件72的表面。
可选地，保护层的材质可为尼龙或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，金属层的材质可为铝箔或钢箔，热封层的材质可为聚丙烯。
第一包装膜710a和第二包装膜710b在电极组件72的外侧连接并形成密封区域711a。该密封区域711a位于壳体71的边缘711。例如，通过热压，第一包装膜710a的热封层熔接于第二包装膜710b的热封层并形成密封区域711a。
电极组件72是电池单体7实现充放电功能的核心构件。电极组件72包括主体部721和极耳722。主体部721包括活性物质，极耳722并不包括活性物质。
电极引出部73的一端位于壳体71内，以与壳体71内的电极组件72的极耳 722连接，电极引出部73和极耳722的连接区域形成连接部位74。电极引出部73的另一端可以伸出到壳体71外，并用于与外部设备电连接。电极引出部73将电极组件72与外部设备导通，以实现电极组件72的充放电。
可选地，电极引出部73可焊接于电极组件72的极耳722，以电连接于电极组件72的主体部721。电极引出部73和极耳722的焊接区域形成焊印，换言之，该焊印位置构成连接部位74。
本申请实施例的电极引出部73的至少部分与极耳722电连接形成连接部位74，该连接部位74的至少部分位于密封区域711a，换言之，连接部位74和密封区域711a的至少部分重叠，能够降低连接部位74占据壳体71内的空间，从而提高电池单体7内的空间利用率，提高电池单体7的能量密度。
请继续参阅图6，在一些实施例中，电池单体还包括粘接件75，粘接件75用于将连接部位74粘接于密封区域711a。该粘接件75可以具有绝缘性，能够将电极引出部73和密封区域711a隔开，以降低电极引出部73和壳体71的金属层接触的风险，防止发生短路，提高电池单体的安全性能。示例性地，该粘接件75的材质可以为胶水或者聚丙烯。胶水直接用于粘接连接部位74和密封区域711a。聚丙烯热熔后具有粘接性，能够粘接于连接部位74和密封区域711a之间，且能够与密封区域711a的热封层热熔接为一体，提高该处的密封性。
电极引出部和极耳焊接时，会在连接部位产生焊渣，焊渣可能会对电池单体的内部造成不利影响例如刺破电极组件，引发电池单体短路等风险。
图7是图5所示的电池单体在A处的另一种放大示意图。
如图7所示，为了提高电池单体的安全性能，在一些实施例中，粘接件75可完全覆盖连接部位74的表面。当粘接件75完全覆盖连接部位74的表面时，能够在一定程度上防止焊渣掉落至电池单体内部，从而降低电池单体7发生短路的可能性。连接部位74和密封区域711a完全被粘接件75所隔开，能够进一步降低电极引出部73和壳体的金属接触的风险，从而进一步提高电池单体7的安全性能。
图8是本申请另一些实施例提供的电池单体的结构示意图。图9是图5所示的电池单体在A处的另一种放大示意图。
如图8和图9所示，可选地，粘接件75沿第一方向X的尺寸超过电极引出部73沿第一方向X的尺寸，粘接件75在第一方向X上能够完全覆盖电极引出部73，进一步降低电极引出部73和壳体71的金属层接触的风险；并且能够降低电极引出部73切割后产生的毛刺刺破壳体71的风险。
可选地，粘接件75沿第一方向X的尺寸超过极耳722沿第一方向X的尺寸，粘接件75在第一方向X上能够完全覆盖极耳722，进一步降低极耳722和壳体71的金属层接触的风险；并且能够降低极耳722切割后产生的毛刺刺破壳体71的风险。
图8中示出的X方向表示第一方向，第一方向X为密封区域711a的延伸方向；Y方向表示第二方向，第二方向Y为由主体部721指向极耳722的方向。第一方向X与厚度方向Z垂直，第一方向X与第二方向Y垂直。
粘接件75将连接部位74粘接于密封区域711a，该处的密封区域711a的厚度相对较大，外部水氧通过该处进入壳体71内部的风险较高，且外部水氧进入壳体71内后，可能会与电极组件72或电解液发生化学反应，从而对电池单体7的充放电造成不利影响。
为了保证电池单体7的电化学性能，在一些实施例中，粘接件75的部分设置于壳体71沿第二方向Y的外侧，位于壳体71的边缘711外侧的粘接件75能够与密封区域711a连接，提高该处的密封性，降低外部水汽通过该处进入壳体71内部的风险。
请继续参阅图8和图9，在一些实施方式中，连接部位74完全位于密封区域711a，连接部位74将不会占据壳体71内的空间，从而进一步提升电极组件72的空间利用率，能够进一步提高电池单体7的能量密度。
请继续参阅图8和图9，作为一些示例，粘接件75包括本体部751和定位部752。本体部751至少部分环绕设置于连接部位74的外侧并熔接于密封区域711a，并将密封区域711a与连接部位74隔开。定位部752与本体部751连续设置，且位于本体部751背离电极组件72的一侧，定位部752环绕设置于电极引出部73的外侧并熔接于密封区域711a，以将电极引出部73与密封区域711a隔开。具体地，定位部752能够和壳体71的热封层熔融连接，提高该处的密封性。
可选地，连接部位74沿第二方向Y的尺寸与本体部751沿第二方向Y的尺寸相等，连接部位74完全与本体部751重叠，充分提高连接部位74沿第二方向Y的尺寸，从而能够提高极耳722的过流能力。
可选地，本体部751具有沿第二方向Y靠近主体部721的第一边缘，密封区域711a具有沿第二方向Y靠近主体部721的第二边缘，沿第二方向Y，第一边缘超过第二边缘，换言之，本体部751超出密封区域711a，本体部751从而能够进一步防止连接部位74和密封区域711a直接接触，降低短路风险。
可选地，定位部752具有沿第二方向Y背离主体部721的第三边缘，密封区域711a具有沿第二方向Y背离主体部721的第四边缘，沿第二方向Y，第三边缘超出第四边缘，换言之，定位部752超出密封区域711a，定位部752能够进一步防止电极引出部73和密封区域711a直接接触，降低短路风险。
可选地，本体部751沿第一方向X的尺寸大于定位部752沿第一方向X的尺寸，如此能够保证粘接件75沿第一方向X完全覆盖连接部位74，从而保证连接部位74和密封区域711a之间的绝缘。
可选地，定位部752与密封区域711a的结合力大于本体部751与连接部位74的结合力，定位部752与密封区域711a之间较强的结合力能够提高该位置的密封性能，能够在一定程度上防止外界水氧进入电池单体7内部。
在组装电池单体7时，其具体步骤如下：
提供电极引出部73和粘接件75，粘接件75包括本体部751和定位部752。定位部752可通过粘接或熔接方式预先环绕设置于电极引出部73的外侧。本体部751设 置为两个，两个本体部751分别设置于电极引出部73的沿厚度方向的两侧，两个本体部751连接于定位部752上，本体部751预先与电极引出部73分体设置，换言之，本体部751预先不熔融。其中，定位部752可以通过胶水和电极引出部73粘接，也可直接与电极引出部73熔接。
提供电极组件72，电极组件72包括主体部721和连接于主体部721的极耳722；
将电极引出部73和极耳722连接并形成连接部位74；
将本体部751和定位部752熔融以使熔融区域环绕电极引出部73并覆盖连接部位74；
提供壳体71，将电极组件72容纳于壳体71内，并将壳体71的边缘711熔融以形成密封区域711a，并且连接部位74的至少部分位于密封区域711a。
请继续参阅图8和图9，在一些实施方式中，密封区域711a沿第二方向Y的尺寸大于连接部位74沿第二方向Y的尺寸。密封区域711a在第二方向Y上完全覆盖连接部位74，能够对连接部位74背离电极组件72的一侧进行密封，提高密封性，从而能够降低外部水氧通过连接部位74处进入壳体71的风险，保证电池单体7的电化学性能。
在一些实施方式中，壳体71的边缘711在背离主体部721的一端具有第一表面711b，密封区域711a包括沿第二方向Y背离主体部721的端部，第一表面711b与端部的距离为1mm～2mm。
发明人发现，密封区域711a距离壳体71的第一表面711b的距离较小时，封装设备顶封壳体71时，壳体71的热封层具有溢出的可能性，溢出的热封层将会粘接于封装设备上，在顶封结束后，封装设备可能会带动热封层一同移动，从而导致壳体71被撕裂。
而在本申请实施例中，将壳体71的第一表面711b与端部的距离设置为1mm～2mm，在此范围时，将会降低顶封时壳体71的热封层溢出的可能性；而且设置此范围，还能够降低外部水氧通过热封层进入壳体71内部的风险，从而保证电池的电化学性能。
请参阅图8和图9，作为本申请一具体实施例，电池单体7包括壳体71、电极组件72和电极引出部73以及粘接件75。壳体71包括第一包装膜和第二包装膜，第一包装膜和第二包装膜连接，并在其边缘形成密封区域711a，以使壳体71的内部形成密封的容纳腔。电极组件72容纳于壳体71的容纳腔内，电极组件72包括主体部721和极耳722，主体部721与极耳722连接。电极引出部73的一端与极耳722电连接形成连接部位74，另一端伸出壳体71外与外部设备电连接。连接部位74完全位于密封区域711a内，且密封区域711a沿第二方向Y的尺寸大于连接部位74沿第二方向Y的尺寸，以提高该处的密封性能。粘接件75用于将连接部位74粘接于密封区域711a内，粘接件75将连接部位74和密封区域711a隔开，降低连接部位74和密封区域711a发生短路的风险；粘接件75的部分设置于壳体71沿第二方向Y的外侧，以使粘 接件75的部分与密封区域711a连接，提高该处的密封性能，并且能够完全隔开密封区域711a和电极引出部73，降低发生短路的风险。在本申请实施例中，粘接件75包括定位部752和两个本体部751，定位部752和本体部751连续设置，且定位部752位于本体部751背离主体部721的一侧，定位部752与密封区域711a连接，两个本体部751分别设置于连接部位74沿厚度方向的两侧，两个本体部751的沿第一方向X的端部被配置为在极耳722和电极引出部73连接后覆盖连接部位74。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件，尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    壳体，所述壳体的边缘设有密封区域；
    电极组件，容纳于所述壳体内，所述电极组件包括主体部和连接于所述主体部的极耳；
    电极引出部，所述电极引出部的至少部分与所述极耳电连接形成连接部位，所述连接部位的至少部分位于所述密封区域。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体还包括粘接件，所述粘接件用于将所述连接部位粘接于所述密封区域。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，所述粘接件完全覆盖所述连接部位的表面。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，所述粘接件沿第一方向的尺寸超过所述电极引出部沿所述第一方向的尺寸，所述第一方向为所述密封区域的延伸方向；
    和/或
    所述粘接件沿所述第一方向的尺寸超过所述极耳沿所述第一方向的尺寸。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，所述粘接件的部分设置于所述壳体沿第二方向的外侧，所述第二方向为由所述主体部指向所述极耳的方向。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述连接部位完全位于所述密封区域。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池单体，其中，所述密封区域沿第二方向的尺寸大于所述连接部位沿所述第二方向的尺寸，所述第二方向为由所述主体部指向所述极耳的方向。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述边缘在背离所述主体部的一端具有第一表面，所述密封区域包括沿第二方向背离所述主体部的端部，所述第一表面与所述端部的距离为1mm～2mm，所述第二方向为由所述主体部指向所述极耳的方向。
  9. 一种电池，包括如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的电池单体。
  10. 一种用电装置，包括如权利要求9所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/124695 2021-11-30 2022-10-11 电池单体、电池及用电装置 WO2023098304A1 (zh)

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