WO2023079638A1 - 船舶 - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- WO2023079638A1 WO2023079638A1 PCT/JP2021/040614 JP2021040614W WO2023079638A1 WO 2023079638 A1 WO2023079638 A1 WO 2023079638A1 JP 2021040614 W JP2021040614 W JP 2021040614W WO 2023079638 A1 WO2023079638 A1 WO 2023079638A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tank
- carbon dioxide
- circulation pipe
- pipe
- liquefied
- Prior art date
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 432
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 201
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 201
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 127
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 30
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003032 molecular docking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
- B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to ships.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a configuration for storing liquefied gas in a tank in a ship. This patent document 1 discloses a configuration for adjusting the pressure inside the loading pipe when loading the liquefied gas into the storage tank in order to suppress the evaporation of the liquefied gas when loading the liquefied gas into the tank.
- the present disclosure has been made to solve the above problems, and provides a ship that can satisfactorily discharge liquefied carbon dioxide from a tank even when dry ice is generated in the tank. intended to provide
- the ship according to the present disclosure includes a hull, a tank, an external connection pipe, a circulation pipe, and a compressor.
- the tank is provided on the hull.
- the dunk is capable of storing liquefied carbon dioxide.
- the external connection pipe connects the upper part inside the tank and the outside of the hull.
- One end of the circulation pipe is connected inside the tank.
- the circulation pipe has the other end connected to the inside of the tank via the outside of the tank.
- the compressor is provided in the middle of the circulation pipe outside the tank. The compressor is capable of pumping fluid from the one end toward the other end.
- a ship includes a hull, a tank, an external connection pipe, a circulation pipe, and a compressor.
- the tank is provided on the hull.
- the dunk is capable of storing liquefied carbon dioxide.
- the external connection pipe connects the upper part inside the tank and the outside of the hull.
- the circulation pipe is loop-shaped so as to allow the fluid to circulate between the inside and the outside of the tank.
- the compressor is provided in the middle of the circulation pipe outside the tank. The compressor can pump the fluid in the circulation pipe.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of a vessel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the layout of tanks, circulation pipes, external connection pipes, and compressors provided on the ship according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the flow of carbon dioxide gas when the carbon dioxide gas in the tank is cooled by the cooler in the ship according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the flow of carbon dioxide gas when discharging carbon dioxide gas from the tank in the ship according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a layout of tanks, circulation pipes, external connection pipes, and compressors provided on a ship according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the flow of carbon dioxide gas when the carbon dioxide gas in the tank is cooled by the cooler in the ship according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the flow of carbon dioxide gas when the carbon dioxide gas is fed into the circulation pipe when discharging the carbon dioxide gas from the tank in the ship according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the flow of carbon dioxide gas when discharging carbon dioxide gas from the tank in the ship according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure;
- FIG. 1 Human configuration of ship
- the vessel 1A of the embodiment of the present disclosure carries liquid carbon dioxide or various liquefied gases including liquefied carbon dioxide.
- the ship 1A includes at least a hull 2, a tank 21, and a liquefied gas storage tank 22.
- the tank 21 can store liquefied carbon dioxide therein.
- the liquefied gas storage tank 22 can store therein liquefied gas such as LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas), liquefied ethane, etc., which has a lower density than liquefied carbon dioxide.
- LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
- the hull 2 has a pair of sides 3A and 3B forming its outer shell, a ship bottom (not shown), and an upper deck 5. As shown in FIG.
- the shipboard sides 3A, 3B are provided with a pair of shipboard skins forming the starboard and port sides, respectively.
- a ship bottom (not shown) is provided with a ship bottom shell plate connecting these sides 3A and 3B.
- the pair of sides 3A and 3B and the bottom (not shown) form a U-shaped outer shell of the hull 2 in a cross section orthogonal to the fore-and-aft direction Da.
- the upper deck 5 is a through deck exposed to the outside.
- an upper structure 7 having a living space is formed on the upper deck 5 on the stern 2b side.
- a tank storage compartment (hold) 8 is formed in the hull 2 on the bow 2a side of the superstructure (accommodation compartment) 7 .
- the tank storage section 8 is a closed section that is recessed toward the bottom of the ship (not shown) below the upper deck 5 and is covered with a tank cover (not shown) and protrudes upward, or the upper deck 5 is used as the ceiling. It is a closed compartment where A plurality of tanks 21 and a liquefied gas storage tank 22 are housed in the tank housing section 8 .
- the tank storage compartment 8 houses two tanks 21 and two liquefied gas storage tanks 22 . The number and arrangement of the tanks 21 and the liquefied gas storage tanks 22 housed in the tank storage section 8 can be changed as appropriate.
- the tank 21 has a space (hereinafter simply referred to as the tank 21 interior) in which the liquefied carbon dioxide L is stored.
- the tank 21 also contains carbon dioxide gas G generated by vaporizing the liquefied carbon dioxide L.
- the lower part of the tank 21 contains liquefied carbon dioxide L, and the upper part of the tank 21 contains carbon dioxide gas G.
- the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21 may contain dry ice obtained by solidifying the liquefied carbon dioxide L.
- the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21 may be solidified as a whole.
- tank 21 is, for example, spherical.
- the tank 21 may have a cylindrical shape extending horizontally (specifically, in the fore and aft direction).
- the ship 1A further includes a circulation pipe 30A, a compressor 41, a bypass pipe 32A, a cooler 42, and an external connection pipe 25A.
- the circulation pipe 30A is composed of one end 30s, an intermediate portion 30u, and the other end 30t. One end 30s and the other end 30t of the circulation pipe 30A are communicated with the inside of the tank 21, respectively.
- the intermediate portion 30u is a portion between the one end 30s and the other end 30t of the circulation pipe 30A and is arranged outside the tank 21 .
- the circulation pipe 30A forms a flow path that returns from inside the tank 21 to inside the tank 21 via the outside of the tank 21 .
- One end 30s of the circulation pipe 30A is connected to the top of the tank 21.
- One end 30s of the circulation pipe 30A is arranged above the liquid surface Lf of the liquefied carbon dioxide L stored in the tank 21 in the vertical direction Dv.
- One end 30s of the circulation pipe 30A opens downward in the vertical direction Dv at the top of the tank 21 .
- the other end 30t of the circulation pipe 30A is communicated with the inside of the tank 21.
- the other end 30t of the circulation pipe 30A is arranged near the bottom of the tank 21 .
- the vicinity of the bottom is a position closer to the bottom than the center of the tank 21 in the vertical direction Dv. 2 illustrates a situation in which the other end 30t of the circulation pipe 30A is submerged in the liquefied carbon dioxide L stored in the tank 21.
- a portion of the circulation pipe 30A is arranged below the liquid surface Lf of the liquefied carbon dioxide L stored in the tank 21 in the vertical direction Dv.
- the other end 30t is opened downward in FIG. 2, the opening direction is not limited to the downward direction.
- the compressor 41 is provided in an intermediate portion 30u in the middle of the circulation pipe 30A. Compressor 41 pumps the fluid from one end 30s toward the other end 30t.
- the fluid to be pressure-fed by the compressor 41 is the carbon dioxide gas G stored in the tank 21 .
- the carbon dioxide gas G is pumped by the compressor 41, the carbon dioxide gas G is compressed and its temperature rises (adiabatic compression). Thereby, the carbon dioxide gas G heated more than the carbon dioxide gas G stored in the tank 21 is returned into the tank 21 from the other end 30t of the circulation pipe 30A.
- the bypass pipe 32A is formed outside the tank 21 so as to partially bypass the circulation pipe 30A.
- the bypass pipe 32A is connected downstream of the compressor 41 in the flow direction of the carbon dioxide gas G in the circulation pipe 30A.
- the bypass pipe 32A is connected between the compressor 41 and the other end 30t of the circulation pipe 30A in the circulation pipe 30A.
- the bypass pipe 32A branches from the circulation pipe 30A on the downstream side of the compressor 41, and merges with the circulation pipe 30A on the flow direction downstream side of the branched position and on the flow direction upstream side of the other end 30t.
- the cooler 42 is provided in the middle of the bypass pipe 32A.
- the cooler 42 cools the carbon dioxide gas G that flows through the bypass pipe 32A via the compressor 41 .
- the cooler 42 cools the carbon dioxide gas G by exchanging heat between the carbon dioxide gas G flowing through the bypass pipe 32A and a medium having a temperature lower than that of the carbon dioxide gas G.
- a low-temperature medium for cooling the carbon dioxide gas G in the cooler 42 for example, a liquefied gas stored in another liquefied gas storage tank 22 may be used.
- a medium other than the liquefied gas stored in the liquefied gas storage tank 22 may be used as the low-temperature medium used in the cooler 42 .
- the compressor 41 and the cooler 42 may be parts constituting the refrigerating device 40 for suppressing the temperature rise of the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21 .
- the bypass pipe 32A has a first on-off valve 33 that opens and closes the flow path inside the bypass pipe 32A upstream of the cooler 42 . Further, the circulation pipe 30A is provided with a second on-off valve 34 that opens and closes the flow path in the circulation pipe 30A downstream of the branch near the branch of the circulation pipe 30A and the bypass pipe 32A.
- the external connection pipe 25A connects the upper part inside the tank 21 and the outside of the hull 2 .
- the external connection pipe 25 ⁇ /b>A connects a land-based liquefied carbon dioxide supply facility, a bunker ship, or the like with the upper part of the tank 21 .
- the external connection pipe 25A may be used to discharge the liquefied carbon dioxide to the outside of the hull 2, or may be used to load the liquefied carbon dioxide L supplied from the outside of the hull 2 into the tank 21.
- This embodiment illustrates a case where the external connection pipe 25A shares a tank side end 25s connected to the top of the tank 21 with one end 30s of the circulation pipe 30A.
- the external connection pipe 25A in this embodiment is branched from the circulation pipe 30A between the compressor 41 and one end 30s of the circulation pipe 30A.
- the external connection pipe 25A extends toward the shipboard side 3A, and a landside pipe (not shown) can be connected to the shipboard end portion 25t.
- the external connection pipe 25A has a third on-off valve 35 on the downstream side near the branching portion between the external connection pipe 25A and the circulation pipe 30A.
- the circulation pipe 30A has a fourth on-off valve 36 on the downstream side near the branching portion between the external connection pipe 25A and the circulation pipe 30A.
- the third on-off valve 35 is closed during navigation.
- the fourth on-off valve 36 is opened as necessary, and the carbon dioxide gas G generated by vaporizing the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21 is cooled by the cooler 42.
- the first on-off valve 33 is opened and the second on-off valve 34 is closed.
- the carbon dioxide gas G that has passed through the compressor 41 can be guided to the bypass pipe 32A.
- the carbon dioxide gas G led to the bypass pipe 32A is cooled by the cooler 42 and then returned to the lower part of the tank 21 through the bypass pipe 32A and the circulation pipe 30A.
- the arrangement is as shown in FIG. Specifically, the third on-off valve 35 and the fourth on-off valve 36 are opened. Further, the first on-off valve 33 and the second on-off valve 34 are opened. As a result, the carbon dioxide gas G in the tank 21 can be discharged outboard through the external connection pipe 25A. Then, when the carbon dioxide gas G in the circulation pipe 30A is pumped by the compressor 41, part of the carbon dioxide gas G discharged from the tank 21 is sucked into the circulation pipe 30A from the one end 30s of the circulation pipe 30A.
- the carbon dioxide gas G sucked into the circulation pipe 30A is compressed by the compressor 41 and its temperature rises.
- the carbon dioxide gas G whose temperature has risen is returned from the other end 30t of the circulation pipe 30A into the liquefied carbon dioxide L (solid-liquid mixture containing dry ice) stored in the lower part of the tank 21 .
- the carbon dioxide gas G in the tank 21 is pumped by the compressor 41 provided in the circulation pipe 30A.
- This carbon dioxide gas G is compressed by the compressor 41 to increase its temperature.
- the carbon dioxide gas G whose temperature has risen is returned into the tank 21 from the other end 30t of the circulation pipe 30A.
- the temperature of the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21 rises, and even if dry ice is generated in the tank 21, the dry ice can be heated and liquefied or sublimated.
- the liquefied carbon dioxide L can be heated and vaporized by the carbon dioxide gas G that has flowed into the tank 21 from the other end 30t.
- the carbon dioxide gas G in the tank 21 can be discharged to the outside of the hull 2 through the external connection piping 25A. Therefore, even when dry ice is generated in the tank 21, the liquefied carbon dioxide L stored in the tank 21 can be discharged satisfactorily.
- one end 30s of the circulation pipe 30A is arranged at the top inside the tank 21 . Therefore, as a fluid, only the carbon dioxide gas G stored in the upper part of the tank 21 can be sucked into the circulation pipe 30A. As a result, the carbon dioxide gas G can be discharged and compressed smoothly.
- the other end 30t of the circulation pipe 30A is arranged below the liquid surface Lf of the liquefied carbon dioxide L stored in the tank 21 in the vertical direction Dv.
- the carbon dioxide gas G whose temperature has increased through the compressor 41 is returned to the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21 from the other end 30t of the circulation pipe 30A.
- the liquefied carbon dioxide L can be efficiently heated. Therefore, the carbon dioxide gas G can be smoothly generated in the tank 21 even when dry ice is generated.
- the external connection pipe 25A branches off from the circulation pipe 30A between the one end 30s of the circulation pipe 30A and the compressor 41. As a result, there is no need to separately connect the external connection pipe 25A and the circulation pipe 30A to the tank 21, and the labor and length of the pipes required for installing the pipes can be reduced. Furthermore, since no space is required for connecting the external connection pipe 25A to the tank 21, this space can be effectively used for other purposes.
- the ship 1A has the cooler 42 provided in the bypass pipe 32A.
- the carbon dioxide gas G compressed by the compressor 41 is cooled by the cooler 42 and returned into the tank 21 , thereby suppressing the temperature rise of the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21 . Therefore, vaporization of the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21 can be suppressed during navigation (transportation).
- the ship 1A further includes the liquefied gas storage tank 22 capable of storing liquefied gas having a boiling point lower than that of the liquefied carbon dioxide L.
- the liquefied gas stored in the liquefied gas storage tank 22 and the liquefied carbon dioxide L stored in the tank 21 can be mixed and transported.
- the cold heat of the liquefied gas having a boiling point lower than that of the liquefied carbon dioxide L cools the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21, suppresses the generation of carbon dioxide gas G in the tank 21, and increases the pressure of the tank 21. can be suppressed.
- a ship according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 8.
- FIG. 1 since only the configuration of the circulation pipe 30B differs from the first embodiment of the present disclosure, the same parts as in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and Duplicate explanation is omitted.
- a ship 1B according to the embodiment of the present disclosure includes at least a hull 2, a tank 21, and a liquefied gas storage tank 22.
- the ship 1B includes a circulation pipe 30B, a compressor 41, a bypass pipe 32B, a cooler 42, an external connection pipe 25B, and a connection pipe 48.
- the circulation pipe 30B is loop-shaped (endless) provided so that the fluid circulates between the inside and the outside of the tank 21 .
- a heat exchange section 30m that is part of the circulation pipe 30B is arranged inside the tank 21 .
- the heat exchange section 30m is arranged below the liquid surface Lf of the liquefied carbon dioxide L stored in the tank 21 in the vertical direction Dv.
- the heat exchange portion 30m of the circulation pipe 30B is formed, for example, in a spiral or zigzag shape, or has a plurality of fins. You may The remaining portion 30n of the circulation pipe 30B is arranged outside the tank 21 .
- the compressor 41 is arranged in the remainder 30n of the circulation pipe 30B. That is, the compressor 41 is arranged outside the tank 21 .
- the compressor 41 pressure-feeds the fluid in the circulation pipe 30B.
- the fluid pumped by the compressor 41 is carbon dioxide gas G in the tank 21 .
- the carbon dioxide gas G is pressure-fed by the compressor 41, the carbon dioxide gas G is compressed and its temperature rises (adiabatic compression).
- the bypass pipe 32B is formed so as to partially bypass the remaining portion 30n of the circulation pipe 30B.
- the bypass pipe 32B is connected downstream of the compressor 41 in the circulation pipe 30B in the flow direction of the carbon dioxide gas G in the circulation pipe 30B.
- the bypass pipe 32B branches from the remaining portion 30n downstream of the compressor 41 of the remaining portion 30n of the circulation pipe 30B, and merges with the remaining portion 30n downstream of the branching position in the flow direction.
- the cooler 42 cools the carbon dioxide gas G that flows through the bypass pipe 32B via the compressor 41 .
- the cooler 42 is provided in the middle of the bypass pipe 32B.
- the cooler 42 cools the carbon dioxide gas G flowing through the bypass pipe 32A via the compressor 41, as in the first embodiment.
- the cooler 42 cools the carbon dioxide gas G by exchanging heat between the carbon dioxide gas G flowing through the bypass pipe 32A and a medium having a temperature lower than that of the carbon dioxide gas G.
- the bypass pipe 32B has a first on-off valve 33 upstream of the cooler 42 . Further, the remaining portion 30n of the circulation pipe 30B includes a second on-off valve 34 that opens and closes the flow path in the circulation pipe 30B downstream of the branch portion near the branch portion between the remaining portion 30n and the bypass pipe 32B. .
- the external connection pipe 25B connects the upper part inside the tank 21 and the outside of the hull 2 .
- the external connection pipe 25B has a tank side end 25v and a shipboard side end 25w.
- the tank side end portion 25v is connected to the upper portion of the tank 21 .
- the external connection pipe 25B extends from the tank side end 25v toward the shipboard side 3B.
- the shipboard side end 25w can be connected to a shipboard piping (not shown).
- connection pipe 48 connects the external connection pipe 25B and the circulation pipe 30B.
- the connection pipe 48 is upstream of the compressor 41 and connects the remaining portion 30n of the circulation pipe 30B and the external connection pipe 25B.
- the external connection pipe 25B is provided with a third on-off valve 35 for opening and closing the flow path inside the external connection pipe 25B on the side closer to the shipside end 25w than the branching portion between the external connection pipe 25B and the connection pipe 48. ing.
- the connection pipe 48 also includes a connection pipe opening/closing valve 49 that opens and closes the flow path inside the connection pipe 48 .
- the ship 1B In the ship 1B described above, during navigation, the third on-off valve 35 and the second on-off valve 34 are closed, and the first on-off valve 33 is open.
- the ship 1B operates the compressor 41 and the cooler 42 as necessary to cool the liquefied carbon dioxide L and the carbon dioxide gas G in the tank 21 .
- the connection pipe opening/closing valve 49 is opened and the compressor 41 is operated. Then, part of the carbon dioxide gas G in the tank 21 is sucked into the circulation pipe 30B through the external connection pipe 25B and the connection pipe 48. After the carbon dioxide gas G in the tank 21 is sucked, the connecting pipe opening/closing valve 49 is closed. Thereby, a closed loop is formed in the circulation pipe 30B.
- the carbon dioxide gas G in the closed loop may be replenished by opening the connecting pipe opening/closing valve 49 .
- the carbon dioxide gas G sucked into the circulation pipe 30B circulates within the closed loop formed by the circulation pipe 30B and the bypass pipe 32.
- the carbon dioxide gas G that has flowed into the bypass pipe 32B is cooled by the cooler 42, and then heat-exchanged with the liquefied carbon dioxide L and the carbon dioxide gas G in the tank 21 in the heat exchange section 30m. back to Thereby, the temperature rise of the liquefied carbon dioxide L and the carbon dioxide gas G in the tank 21 is suppressed.
- the third on-off valve 35 and the connecting pipe on-off valve 49 are opened as shown in FIG. do. Also, the first on-off valve 33 is closed and the second on-off valve 34 is opened. Then, the carbon dioxide gas G in the tank 21 becomes ready to be discharged outboard through the external connection pipe 25B.
- the carbon dioxide gas G whose temperature has risen exchanges heat with the liquefied carbon dioxide L around the circulation pipe 30B in the heat exchange section 30m of the circulation pipe 30B submerged in the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21 . Thereby, the temperature of the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21 rises.
- the carbon dioxide gas G circulates through the loop-shaped circulation piping 30B by pressure-feeding the carbon dioxide gas G in the circulation piping 30B with the compressor 41. As shown in FIG. The temperature of the carbon dioxide gas G rises as it is compressed by the compressor 41 . Thereby, the temperature of the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21 rises. As a result, if dry ice is generated in the tank 21, the dry ice can be heated to liquefy or sublime.
- the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21 can be vaporized and discharged from the upper part of the tank 21 to the outside of the hull 2 through the external connection pipe 25B. can. Therefore, even when dry ice is generated in the tank 21, it is possible to discharge the liquefied carbon dioxide L from the tank 21 satisfactorily.
- the heat exchange section 30m of the circulation pipe 30B is arranged below the liquid surface Lf of the liquefied carbon dioxide L stored in the tank 21 in the vertical direction Dv.
- the circulation pipe 30B in which the fluid whose temperature has risen circulates can be brought into direct contact with the liquefied carbon dioxide L. Therefore, the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21 can be efficiently heated to liquefy or sublime the dry ice.
- the ship 1B includes the connection pipe 48 that connects the circulation pipe 30B and the external connection pipe 25B, and the connection pipe opening/closing valve 49 that opens and closes the connection pipe 48.
- the connection pipe opening/closing valve 49 is opened, the carbon dioxide gas in the upper part of the tank 21 is introduced as a fluid into the circulation pipe 30B from the external connection pipe 25B connected to the upper part of the tank 21 through the connection pipe 48. G can be introduced.
- the connection pipe opening/closing valve 49 is closed, and the carbon dioxide gas G is pressure-fed by the compressor 41, so that the carbon dioxide gas G can be circulated while being heated within the circulation pipe 30B.
- the ship 1B is equipped with the cooler 42 provided in the bypass pipe 32B.
- the carbon dioxide gas G compressed by the compressor 41 is cooled by the cooler 42, and the cooled carbon dioxide gas G is passed through the heat exchange section 30m to increase the temperature of the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21. is suppressed. This prevents the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21 from vaporizing during navigation (transportation).
- the ship 1B further includes a liquefied gas storage tank 22 capable of storing liquefied gas having a boiling point lower than that of the liquefied carbon dioxide L.
- a liquefied gas storage tank 22 capable of storing liquefied gas having a boiling point lower than that of the liquefied carbon dioxide L.
- the external connection pipe 25B and the circulation pipe 30B are connected via the connection pipe 48, but this is not the only option.
- the external connection pipe 25B and the circulation pipe 30B may not be connected via the connection pipe 48, but may be independent systems. In that case, not only the carbon dioxide gas G in the tank 21 but also other fluids such as steam generated in the ship may be introduced into the circulation pipe 30B.
- the tank 21 is provided in the tank storage section 8 formed in the hull 2, but the configuration is not limited to this.
- the tank 21 may be provided on the upper deck 5.
- a ship 1A includes a hull 2, a tank 21 provided in the hull 2 and capable of storing liquefied carbon dioxide L, and an upper part in the tank 21 and the outside of the hull 2. an external connection pipe 25A to be connected, and a circulation pipe 30A having one end 30s communicating with the inside of the tank 21 and the other end 30t communicating with the inside of the tank 21 via the outside of the tank 21; A compressor 41 is provided in the middle of the circulation pipe 30A outside the tank 21, and is capable of pumping fluid from the one end 30s toward the other end 30t. Examples of the fluid include carbon dioxide gas G obtained by vaporizing the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21 .
- the fluid in the circulation pipe 30A when the fluid in the circulation pipe 30A is pumped by the compressor 41, the fluid in the tank 21 (the carbon dioxide gas G in which the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21 is vaporized) circulates from one end 30s of the circulation pipe 30A. It is sucked into the pipe 30A. The carbon dioxide gas G sucked into the circulation pipe 30A passes through the compressor 41 and is returned into the tank 21 from the other end 30t of the circulation pipe 30A. The temperature of the carbon dioxide gas G rises as it is compressed by the compressor 41 .
- the carbon dioxide gas G whose temperature has been raised through the compressor 41 is returned into the tank 21 from the other end 30t of the circulation pipe 30A, so that the temperature of the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21 is raised.
- the dry ice can be heated and liquefied or sublimated.
- the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21 is vaporized and discharged out of the hull 2 from the upper part of the tank 21 through the external connection pipe 25A. In this way, even when dry ice is generated in the tank 21, it is possible to discharge the liquefied carbon dioxide L from the tank 21 satisfactorily.
- the ship 1A according to the second aspect is the ship 1A of (1), wherein the one end 30s of the circulation pipe 30A is an upper part in the tank 21, and the liquefaction stored in the tank 21 It is arranged above the liquid level Lf of the carbon dioxide L.
- the liquefied carbon dioxide L is stored in the lower part, and the carbon dioxide gas G obtained by vaporizing the liquefied carbon dioxide L is stored in the upper part.
- One end 30s of the circulation pipe 30A is arranged in the upper part of the tank 21 . Therefore, the carbon dioxide gas G in the upper part of the tank 21 is sucked into the circulation pipe 30A as a fluid.
- the carbon dioxide gas G has a higher temperature than the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21 .
- the higher temperature carbon dioxide gas G can be returned into the tank 21 from the other end 30t of the circulation pipe 30A. Therefore, the dry ice in the tank 21 can be efficiently heated and liquefied or sublimated.
- the ship 1A according to the third aspect is the ship 1A of (1) or (2), wherein the other end 30t of the circulation pipe 30A is the liquefied carbon dioxide L stored in the tank 21 is arranged below the liquid surface Lf of the
- the fluid carbon dioxide gas G obtained by vaporizing the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21
- the compressor 41 enters the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21 from the other end 30t of the circulation pipe 30A. returned.
- the dry ice can be efficiently heated and liquefied or sublimated.
- a ship 1A according to a fourth aspect is the ship 1A according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the external connection pipe 25A includes the one end 30s of the circulation pipe 30A and the compressor 41 from the circulation pipe 30A.
- a ship 1B includes a hull 2, a tank 21 provided in the hull 2 and capable of storing liquefied carbon dioxide L, and an upper part in the tank 21 and the outside of the hull 2.
- a compressor 41 capable of pumping the fluid in the circulation pipe 30B.
- Examples of the fluid include carbon dioxide gas G obtained by vaporizing the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21, and steam used in the ship.
- the ship 1B pumps the fluid in the circulation pipe 30B with the compressor 41, so that the fluid circulates in the loop-shaped circulation pipe 30B.
- the temperature of the fluid rises as it is compressed by the compressor 41 .
- the temperature of the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21 rises because the fluid whose temperature has risen circulates in the circulation pipe 30B.
- the dry ice can be heated and liquefied or sublimated.
- the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21 is vaporized and discharged out of the hull 2 from the upper part of the tank 21 through the external connection pipe 25B. In this way, even when dry ice is generated in the tank 21, it is possible to discharge the liquefied carbon dioxide L from the tank 21 satisfactorily.
- a ship 1B according to a sixth aspect is the ship 1B of (5), in which a portion 30 m of the circulation pipe 30B is located above the liquid surface Lf of the liquefied carbon dioxide L stored in the tank 21. are also located below.
- the circulation pipe 30B in which the fluid whose temperature has risen circulates can be brought into direct contact with the liquefied carbon dioxide L.
- the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21 can be efficiently heated, and the dry ice can be liquefied or sublimated.
- a ship 1B according to a seventh aspect is the ship 1B of (5) or (6), which includes a connection pipe 48 that connects the circulation pipe 30B and the external connection pipe 25B, and the connection pipe 48 and a connection pipe opening/closing valve 49 that opens and closes the .
- the liquefied carbon dioxide L is stored in the lower part, and the carbon dioxide gas G obtained by vaporizing the liquefied carbon dioxide L is stored in the upper part.
- the connection pipe opening/closing valve 49 is opened, the carbon dioxide gas G in the upper part of the tank 21 flows as a fluid into the circulation pipe 30B from the external connection pipe 25B connected to the upper part of the tank 21 through the connection pipe 48. .
- the connection pipe opening/closing valve 49 is closed, and the fluid is pressure-fed by the compressor 41, so that the fluid can be circulated while being heated within the circulation pipe 30B.
- the ships 1A and 1B according to the eighth aspect are the ships 1A and 1B according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the compressor 41 is connected to the circulation pipes 30A and 30B.
- Bypass pipes 32A and 32B provided by bypassing the circulation pipes 30A and 30B on the downstream side in the flow direction of the fluid, and a cooler 42 provided in the bypass pipes 32A and 32B and cooling the fluid that has passed through the compressor 41. And prepare.
- the fluid compressed by the compressor 41 is cooled by the cooler 42 and returned to the tank 21, thereby suppressing the temperature rise of the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21. This prevents the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21 from vaporizing.
- the ships 1A and 1B according to the ninth aspect are the ships 1A and 1B according to any one of (1) to (8), and are provided in the hull 2 and have a boiling point higher than that of the liquefied carbon dioxide L. It further comprises a liquefied gas storage tank 22 capable of storing low liquefied gas.
- the liquefied gas stored in the liquefied gas storage tank 22 and the liquefied carbon dioxide L stored in the tank 21 can be mixed and transported.
- the liquefied carbon dioxide L in the tank 21 is cooled by the cold heat of the liquefied gas having a boiling point lower than that of the liquefied carbon dioxide L, suppressing the formation of dry ice, suppressing the pressure rise of the tank 21 due to the sublimation of the dry ice, and suppressing the pressure increase in the tank 21.
- liquefaction of the carbon dioxide gas G vaporized in can be achieved.
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Abstract
Description
タンク内にドライアイスが生成されると、タンクから液化二酸化炭素やドライアイスを船外施設に払い出すことが困難になる可能性がある。
以下、本開示の実施形態に係る船舶について、図1~図8を参照して説明する。
(船舶の船体構成)
図1に示すように、本開示の実施形態の船舶1Aは、液体二酸化炭素、あるいは液化二酸化炭素を含む多種の液化ガスを運搬する。この船舶1Aは、船体2と、タンク21と、液化ガス貯留タンク22と、を少なくとも備えている。タンク21は、その内部に液化二酸化炭素を貯留可能である。液化ガス貯留タンク22は、その内部に、例えば、液化二酸化炭素よりも密度が小さい、LNG(Liquefied Natural Gas)、液化エタン等の液化ガスを貯留可能である。
船体2は、その外殻をなす一対の舷側3A,3Bと、船底(図示無し)と、上甲板5と、を有している。舷側3A,3Bは、左右舷側をそれぞれ形成する一対の舷側外板を備える。船底(図示無し)は、これら舷側3A,3Bを接続する船底外板を備える。これら一対の舷側3A,3B及び船底(図示無し)により、船体2の外殻は、船首尾方向Daに直交する断面において、U字状を成している。上甲板5は、外部に露出する全通甲板である。船体2には、船尾2b側の上甲板5上に、居住区を有する上部構造7が形成されている。
図2に示すように、タンク21は、その内部に液化二酸化炭素Lが収容される空間(以下、単にタンク21内と称する)を有している。タンク21内には、液化二酸化炭素Lが気化することで生成された二酸化炭素ガスGも収容されている。タンク21内の下部には、液化二酸化炭素Lが収容され、タンク21内の上部に二酸化炭素ガスGが収容されている。タンク21内の液化二酸化炭素Lには、液化二酸化炭素Lが固化したドライアイスが含まれていてもよい。タンク21内の液化二酸化炭素Lは、その全体が固化していてもよい。本開示の実施形態において、タンク21は、例えば球形である。タンク21は、水平方向(具体的には、船首尾方向)に延びる円筒状であってもよい。
圧縮機41は、循環配管30Aの中途である中間部30uに設けられている。圧縮機41は、一端30sから他端30tに向かって流体を圧送する。ここで、圧縮機41により圧送する対象となる流体は、タンク21内に貯留されている二酸化炭素ガスGである。圧縮機41で二酸化炭素ガスGを圧送する際、二酸化炭素ガスGは、圧縮されるとともに温度が上昇する(断熱圧縮)。これにより、タンク21内に貯留された二酸化炭素ガスGよりも加熱された二酸化炭素ガスGが、循環配管30Aの他端30tからタンク21内に戻される。
バイパス管32Aは、タンク21外において循環配管30Aを部分的に迂回するように形成されている。このバイパス管32Aは、循環配管30Aのうち圧縮機41よりも二酸化炭素ガスGの流れ方向下流側に接続されている。換言すると、バイパス管32Aは、循環配管30Aのうち、圧縮機41と、循環配管30Aの他端30tとの間に接続されている。バイパス管32Aは、圧縮機41よりも下流側の循環配管30Aから分岐し、この分岐する位置よりも流れ方向下流側で、且つ他端30tよりも流れ方向上流側の循環配管30Aに合流している。
冷却器42は、バイパス管32Aの中途に設けられている。冷却器42は、圧縮機41を経てバイパス管32Aを流れる二酸化炭素ガスGを冷却する。冷却器42は、バイパス管32Aを流れる二酸化炭素ガスGと、二酸化炭素ガスGよりも低温の媒体とを熱交換することで、二酸化炭素ガスGを冷却する。冷却器42で、二酸化炭素ガスGを冷却するための低温の媒体としては、例えば、他の液化ガス貯留タンク22に貯留された液化ガスを用いるようにしてもよい。冷却器42で用いる低温の媒体は、液化ガス貯留タンク22に貯留された液化ガス以外の媒体を用いてもよい。
外部接続配管25Aは、タンク21内の上部と船体2の外部とを接続する。外部接続配管25Aは、陸上の液化二酸化炭素供給施設やバンカー船等と、タンク21内の上部とを連通させる。外部接続配管25Aは、液化二酸化炭素を船体2の外部に払い出すために用いてもよいし、船体2の外部から供給される液化二酸化炭素Lをタンク21内に積み込むために用いてもよい。この実施形態では、外部接続配管25Aが、タンク21の上部に接続されるタンク側端部25sを、循環配管30Aの一端30sと共用している場合を例示している。そして、この実施形態における外部接続配管25Aは、循環配管30Aの一端30sと圧縮機41との間で循環配管30Aから分岐している。外部接続配管25Aは、舷側3Aに向かって延び、舷側側端部25tに、陸上側の配管(図示無し)が接続可能とされている。
上記第一実施形態の船舶1Aでは、循環配管30Aに設けられた圧縮機41で、タンク21内の二酸化炭素ガスGを圧送する。この二酸化炭素ガスGは、圧縮機41で圧縮されることで温度上昇する。この温度上昇した二酸化炭素ガスGは、循環配管30Aの他端30tからタンク21内に戻される。これにより、タンク21内の液化二酸化炭素Lの温度が上昇し、タンク21内にドライアイスが生成されていた場合であっても、ドライアイスを加熱し、液化、又は昇華させることができる。また、他端30tからタンク21内に流入した二酸化炭素ガスGによって、液化二酸化炭素Lを加熱し気化させることができる。そして、タンク21内の二酸化炭素ガスGを外部接続配管25Aを介して船体2の外部に払い出すことができる。したがって、タンク21内にドライアイスが生成された場合であっても、タンク21内に貯留された液化二酸化炭素Lの払い出しを良好に行うことが可能となる。
次に、本開示の第二実施形態に係る船舶について、図5~図8を参照して説明する。以下に説明する本開示の第二実施形態においては、本開示の第一実施形態と循環配管30Bの構成のみが異なるので、第一実施形態と同一部分に同一符号を付して説明するとともに、重複説明を省略する。
(船舶の船体構成)
図1に示すように、本開示の実施形態の船舶1Bは、船体2と、タンク21と、液化ガス貯留タンク22と、を少なくとも備えている。
図5に示すように、船舶1Bは、循環配管30Bと、圧縮機41と、バイパス管32Bと、冷却器42と、外部接続配管25Bと、接続配管48と、を備えている。
圧縮機41は、循環配管30Bのうちの残部30nに配置されている。つまり、圧縮機41は、タンク21の外部に配置されている。圧縮機41は、循環配管30Bの流体を圧送する。圧縮機41により圧送される流体は、タンク21内の二酸化炭素ガスGである。圧縮機41で二酸化炭素ガスGを圧送する際、二酸化炭素ガスGは、圧縮されて温度が上昇する(断熱圧縮)。
バイパス管32Bは、循環配管30Bの残部30nを部分的に迂回するように形成されている。このバイパス管32Bは、循環配管30Bにおいて、循環配管30Bのうち圧縮機41よりも二酸化炭素ガスGの流れ方向下流側に接続されている。換言すると、バイパス管32Bは、循環配管30Bの残部30nうち、圧縮機41よりも下流側の残部30nから分岐し、この分岐する位置よりも流れ方向下流側の残部30nに合流している。
(冷却器の構成)
冷却器42は、バイパス管32Bの中途に設けられている。冷却器42は、第一実施形態と同様に、圧縮機41を経てバイパス管32Aを流れる二酸化炭素ガスGを冷却する。冷却器42は、バイパス管32Aを流れる二酸化炭素ガスGと、二酸化炭素ガスGよりも低温の媒体とを熱交換することで、二酸化炭素ガスGを冷却する。
外部接続配管25Bは、タンク21内の上部と船体2の外部とを接続する。外部接続配管25Bは、タンク側端部25vと、舷側側端部25wと、を有している。タンク側端部25vは、タンク21の上部に接続されている。外部接続配管25Bは、タンク側端部25vから舷側3Bに向かって延びている。舷側側端部25wは、船外側の配管(図示無し)が接続可能とされている。
上記第二実施形態の船舶1Bでは、圧縮機41で循環配管30B内の二酸化炭素ガスGを圧送することによって、二酸化炭素ガスGは、ループ状の循環配管30Bを循環する。二酸化炭素ガスGは、圧縮機41で圧縮されることによって、その温度が上昇する。これにより、タンク21内の液化二酸化炭素Lの温度が上昇する。その結果、タンク21内にドライアイスが生成されていた場合、ドライアイスを加熱して液化、又は昇華させることができる。また、タンク21内の液化二酸化炭素Lを船外に払い出すときには、タンク21内の液化二酸化炭素Lを気化させ、タンク21内の上部から外部接続配管25Bを通して船体2の外部に払い出すことができる。したがって、タンク21内にドライアイスが生成された場合であっても、タンク21からの液化二酸化炭素Lの払い出しを良好に行うことが可能となる。
上記第二実施形態では、外部接続配管25Bと循環配管30Bとを、接続配管48を介して接続するようにしたが、これに限らない。外部接続配管25Bと、循環配管30Bとを、接続配管48を介して接続せず、それぞれに独立した系統としてもよい。その場合、循環配管30Bには、タンク21内の二酸化炭素ガスGに限らず、例えば船内で生成される蒸気等、他の流体を導入するようにしてもよい。
以上、本開示の実施の形態について図面を参照して詳述したが、具体的な構成はこの実施の形態に限られるものではなく、本開示の要旨を逸脱しない範囲の設計変更等も含まれる。
上記実施形態では、タンク21を、船体2内に形成されたタンク格納区画8内に設ける構成としたが、これに限るものではなく、例えば、タンク21は、例えば、上甲板5上に設けるようにしてもよい。
各実施形態に記載の船舶1A、1Bは、例えば以下のように把握される。
流体としては、タンク21内の液化二酸化炭素Lが気化した二酸化炭素ガスGが挙げられる。
Claims (9)
- 船体と、
前記船体に設けられ、液化二酸化炭素を貯留可能なタンクと、
前記タンク内の上部と前記船体の外部とを接続する外部接続配管と、
一端が前記タンク内に連通されているとともに、前記タンクの外部を経由して、他端が前記タンク内に連通されている循環配管と、
前記タンクの外部で前記循環配管の中途に設けられて、前記一端から前記他端に向かって流体を圧送可能な圧縮機と、
を備える船舶。 - 前記循環配管の前記一端は、前記タンク内の上部で、前記タンク内に貯留される液化二酸化炭素の液面よりも上方に配置されている
請求項1に記載の船舶。 - 前記循環配管の前記他端は、前記タンク内に貯留される液化二酸化炭素の液面よりも下方に配置されている
請求項1又は2に記載の船舶。 - 前記外部接続配管は、前記循環配管の前記一端と前記圧縮機との間で前記循環配管から分岐している
請求項1から3の何れか一項に記載の船舶。 - 船体と、
前記船体に設けられ、液化二酸化炭素を貯留可能なタンクと、
前記タンク内の上部と前記船体の外部とを接続する外部接続配管と、
前記タンクの内部と外部とにわたって流体が循環するように設けられたループ状の循環配管と、
前記タンクの外部で前記循環配管の中途に設けられて、前記循環配管内の流体を圧送可能な圧縮機と、
を備える船舶。 - 前記循環配管の一部が、前記タンク内に貯留される液化二酸化炭素の液面よりも下方に配置されている
請求項5に記載の船舶。 - 前記循環配管と前記外部接続配管とを接続する接続配管と、
前記接続配管を開閉する接続配管開閉弁と、を備える
請求項5又は6に記載の船舶。 - 前記圧縮機に対し、前記循環配管における前記流体の流れ方向下流側で前記循環配管からバイパスして設けられたバイパス管と、
前記バイパス管に設けられ、前記圧縮機を経た流体を冷却する冷却器と、を備える
請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の船舶。 - 前記船体に設けられ、液化二酸化炭素よりも沸点が低い液化ガスを貯留可能な液化ガス貯留タンクをさらに備える
請求項1から8の何れか一項に記載の船舶。
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