WO2023078433A1 - Oil and gas exploitation method by injecting water into oil and gas reservoir water layer - Google Patents
Oil and gas exploitation method by injecting water into oil and gas reservoir water layer Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023078433A1 WO2023078433A1 PCT/CN2022/130111 CN2022130111W WO2023078433A1 WO 2023078433 A1 WO2023078433 A1 WO 2023078433A1 CN 2022130111 W CN2022130111 W CN 2022130111W WO 2023078433 A1 WO2023078433 A1 WO 2023078433A1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/20—Displacing by water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
Definitions
- the method belongs to an oil and gas extraction method in the oil and gas energy industry.
- the comprehensive oil and gas recovery power such as bottom water steam flooding and bottom water hot water flooding is bottom-up, changing water injection/ Steam enters the driving direction of the reservoir.
- a large amount of thermal energy is required to heat the bottom water, and the high recovery rate can effectively amortize the cost.
- the space for improving the recovery rate is limited, and low energy consumption oil and gas drives are urgently needed. method.
- the centralized thermal recovery method of the oil reservoir consumes less bottom water, the depressurization production mode, and the production relationship curve of centralized thermal recovery (Fig . 1 ). 40-54%.
- the reservoir temperature was 180°C, indicating that the fluidity of the crude oil was fine.
- the reason for the shutdown was that there was no energy supplement during the oil production process, the reservoir pressure dropped rapidly, and the energy recovery of the formation was limited.
- the characteristic of water flow is to flow from the high potential energy area to the low potential energy area.
- the intrusion of bottom water into oil and gas reservoirs during oil and gas production indicates that bottom water can overcome gravity and flow from the high potential energy area to the low potential energy area from bottom to top.
- the story of the crow drinking water also shows that if certain conditions are met, the water level can rise steadily.
- oil, gas and water are in the same pressure system, and the oil-water contact is relatively stable.
- Oil and gas production leads to oil and gas reservoir formation energy deficit, and the water layer becomes a relatively high potential energy area.
- the oil-water contact rises slowly, but the rising speed is lower than the oil and gas production speed.
- the low recovery rate at the end of primary oil recovery shows that it is not enough to rely solely on formation water to restore oil and gas reservoir pressure.
- the oil and gas recovery method of injecting water into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir is characterized in that, in the process of oil and gas production, water is injected into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir at a certain rate to supplement the water shortage in the water layer, enhance the driving force of oil and gas production, and make up for the energy deficit of the oil and gas reservoir.
- the oil and gas reservoirs include cold recovery oil and gas reservoirs and various oil and gas reservoirs that are thermally recovered by heating water layers; the water layers include edge water layers and bottom water layers.
- Water injection into the water layer of oil and gas reservoirs is especially important for oil and gas reservoirs with undeveloped water layers.
- the injected water can be in various forms, such as surface water, formation water outside oil and gas reservoirs, or oil and gas production and recovery water, or multiphase fluid mixtures. It may be cold water or hot water, and it is not limited to enumeration.
- the oil and gas recovery method of injecting water into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir, for the cold recovery oil and gas reservoir can directly inject water into the bottom water layer, and can also inject water while heating the water layer; For reservoir water injection, only hot water can be injected, or water can be injected while heating the water layer during the oil production stage.
- Water injection into the water layer of oil and gas reservoirs can be divided into the following three types due to different water temperatures: less than or equal to the formation temperature of crude oil, below the boiling point of water, and under the boiling state of water.
- the oil and gas recovery method of injecting water into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir has different performances in oil and gas displacement power: cold recovery and water injection, water flooding as the main force for oil and gas displacement, supplemented by pressure flooding; low water boiling point temperature heating and water injection, flooding
- Oil and gas power is mainly based on bottom water hot water flooding, supplemented by bottom water steam flooding and reservoir elastic pressure flooding; heating at the boiling point of water and injecting water, and oil and gas driving power is mainly based on bottom water steam flooding, bottom water hot water flooding and reservoir Elastic pressure flooding is supplemented; edge water oil and gas reservoirs are dominated by edge water cold water flooding or edge water hot water flooding, supplemented by steam flooding and pressure flooding.
- Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of the change trajectory of bottom water temperature and pressure under different thermal recovery methods
- Fig. 3 AB 2 -V 3 is lower than the boiling point of water, heating the bottom water at high temperature and injecting water production relationship curve
- Fig. 4 AB 2 -V 4 is lower than the boiling point of water, heating the bottom water at low temperature and injecting water production relationship curve
- Point A is the original formation temperature and pressure
- section A-B is the reservoir preheating stage
- B-C and B-V are the oil production stages, where the solid line indicates that the formation water is heated during production, and the dotted line indicates that the formation water is not heated during production;
- Figures 3 to 6 are the production relationship curves of heating the bottom water and injecting water during the oil production process, and the injection-production ratio is 1:1.
- the oil and gas recovery method of injecting water into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir can be used independently or in parallel with the steam flooding and pressure flooding oil and gas recovery methods, and is widely used in the oil and gas recovery of various oil and gas reservoirs: the bottom water is heated at a low boiling point and injected with water or formed by water injection alone Bottom water flooding provides low-cost, high-yield innovative oil and gas recovery power for oil and gas reservoirs that have entered the middle and late stages of development, especially cold recovery oil and gas reservoirs, and can replace existing oil and gas production drive methods; for oil and gas reservoirs, especially bottom water For oil and gas reservoirs with insufficient resources, provide bottom water steam flooding and multiple development methods based on bottom water hot water flooding at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water; provide sufficient bottom water for energy-saving and delayed heating of formation water by bottom water steam flooding oil and gas recovery methods resources, auxiliary steam flooding, and enhanced oil and gas reservoir recovery.
- the numerical simulation results show that the oil production starts when the top temperature of the oil layer is preheated to 100°C.
- Concentrated thermal recovery method without heating during oil production, the recovery rate is 34%, and the cost of electricity per ton of oil is 1388 yuan/ton; heating without water injection during oil production, the recovery reaches 45%; heating and water injection during oil production, the recovery rate is 62-75% , the electricity cost is 1,140-1,369 yuan/ton, steam drive water injection at the boiling point of water, the recovery rate is 81-86%, and the cost of electricity per ton of oil is reduced to 950-1,194 yuan/ton.
- the yield can be increased by 28-52%, and the cost of electricity per ton of oil can be reduced by 20-37%. It can be seen that the oil and gas recovery method by injecting water into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir can effectively improve the degree of production and recovery of the oil reservoir, and the cost of electricity per ton of oil will decrease with the increase of the recovery rate.
- the preheating oil layer conditions in the implementation cases are the same. They are all heated until the oil top temperature reaches 100°C, then water injection is started and oil production is continued by heating.
- the production-injection ratio is 1:1.
- the temperature and pressure change trajectory at the top of the water layer is shown in Figure 2.
- Case 1 AB 2 -V 4 heats the bottom water at a low temperature below the boiling point of water and injects water (Fig. 4).
- the bottom water hot water flooding is the main method, the recovery rate is 62%, the electricity cost per ton of oil is 1369 yuan/ton, and the energy per ton of oil is The consumption is 96 ⁇ 10 5 kJ/t.
- Case 2 AB 2 -V 3 heats the bottom water at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water and injects water (Fig. 3).
- the bottom water hot water flooding is dominant, the steam flooding effect of the bottom water increases, the fluidity of high-temperature crude oil increases, and the recovery factor increases. Increased to 75%, 30% higher than that without water injection, and the energy consumption per ton of oil is 80 ⁇ 10 5 kJ/t.
- Case 3 AB 3 -V 1 water boiling point temperature is low to heat bottom water and inject water (Fig. 5), with bottom water steam flooding as the main effect, bottom water hot water flooding and reservoir elastic pressure flooding as supplementary, the recovery rate is 81% , the electricity cost per ton of oil is 950 yuan/ton, and the energy consumption per ton of oil is 67 ⁇ 10 5 kJ/t.
- Case 4 AB 3 -V 2 water boiling point temperature heats the bottom water at high temperature and injects water (Fig. 6), with bottom water steam flooding as the main effect, bottom water hot water flooding and reservoir elastic pressure flooding as supplementary, the recovery rate is 86% , the electricity cost per ton of oil is 1194 yuan/ton, and the energy consumption per ton of oil is 84 ⁇ 10 5 kJ/t.
- Each force can be independent or combined in oil and gas. Play an active role in mining.
Abstract
An oil and gas exploitation method by injecting water into an oil and gas reservoir water layer, characterized in that in an oil and gas production process, water is injected, at a certain rate, into an oil and gas reservoir water layer to make up for water insufficiency in the water layer, enhance oil and gas exploitation driving power, make up for energy deficiency of an oil and gas reservoir, and improve the degree of oil and gas utilization and the degree of reserve recovery. The enhancing oil and gas exploitation driving power refers to injecting water into the oil and gas reservoir water layer according to water flow characteristics and oil and gas reservoir pressure distribution features, to increase the potential energy of the oil and gas reservoir water layer, so that an oil-water interface is stably pushed towards the oil and gas reservoir to form integral waterflooding oil and gas power; when an water injection speed is greater than or equal to an oil and gas exploitation speed, or an accumulated water injection amount is greater than or equal to a difference between an accumulated oil production and a water storage amount in the oil and gas reservoir, overall waterflooding oil and gas power from outside to inside is formed, and strong waterflooding is formed; on the contrary, it is mainly to make up for energy deficiency of the reservoir, and weak waterflooding is formed.
Description
本方法属于石油天然气能源行业中的油气开采方法。The method belongs to an oil and gas extraction method in the oil and gas energy industry.
目前，注水/汽开发油气藏，可采储量几近极限，残余油富集区原油饱和度依然很高，无法动用，最后生产井因高含水大面积停产。分析无效注水/汽循环原因，是因为长期注水/汽，会形成类似深切水道环境，注入水或汽沿通道流动，波及油气范围受限，亟需创新采油气动力。利用油气藏底水资源开采油气方法，是一种节能、低成本、高收益且环保油气开采方法，其底水蒸汽驱、底水热水驱等综合采油气动力自下而上，改变注水/汽入油层驱动方向。但这种方法，加热底水需要大量热能，高采收率才能有效摊销成本，对于已开发油气藏，特别是冷采油气藏，其采收率提高空间有限，亟需要低能耗油气驱动方法。At present, the recoverable reserves of oil and gas reservoirs developed by water/steam injection are close to the limit, and the crude oil saturation in the residual oil-enriched area is still very high, which cannot be produced, and finally the production wells are shut down in large areas due to high water cut. Analysis of the reasons for ineffective water injection/steam circulation is because long-term water/steam injection will form an environment similar to deep-cut waterways, and the injected water or steam will flow along the channels, and the range of oil and gas affected is limited, so innovative oil and gas recovery power is urgently needed. The method of exploiting oil and gas by using bottom water resources in oil and gas reservoirs is an energy-saving, low-cost, high-yield and environmentally friendly oil and gas extraction method. The comprehensive oil and gas recovery power such as bottom water steam flooding and bottom water hot water flooding is bottom-up, changing water injection/ Steam enters the driving direction of the reservoir. However, in this method, a large amount of thermal energy is required to heat the bottom water, and the high recovery rate can effectively amortize the cost. For the developed oil and gas reservoirs, especially the cold recovery oil and gas reservoirs, the space for improving the recovery rate is limited, and low energy consumption oil and gas drives are urgently needed. method.
另一方面，利用油气藏底水资源开采油气方法，因底水及底水蒸汽滞留在油气储层空间而需要大量的底水供应，对于底水不发育的油气储层，实现底水蒸汽驱或者底水热水驱是比较困难的。On the other hand, the method of exploiting oil and gas by using bottom water resources in oil and gas reservoirs requires a large amount of bottom water supply because bottom water and bottom water vapor stay in the oil and gas reservoir space. Or bottom water hot water flooding is more difficult.
油藏集中热采方法，对底水消耗少，降压生产方式，集中热采生产关系曲线(图1)，底水顶部温度压力变化轨迹见图2中A-B
1-C曲线，采收率达40～54％。生产结束时油藏温度180℃，说明原油流动性没问题，停产原因是采油过程中没有能量补充，油层压力速降、地层能量恢复有限导致的。
The centralized thermal recovery method of the oil reservoir consumes less bottom water, the depressurization production mode, and the production relationship curve of centralized thermal recovery (Fig . 1 ). 40-54%. At the end of production, the reservoir temperature was 180°C, indicating that the fluidity of the crude oil was fine. The reason for the shutdown was that there was no energy supplement during the oil production process, the reservoir pressure dropped rapidly, and the energy recovery of the formation was limited.
发明内容Contents of the invention
方法原理：水流动特性是从高势能区向低势能区流动。油气开采过程中底水侵入油气储层，表明底水可以克服重力，自下而上由高势能区向低势能区流动。乌鸦喝水故事也显示，满足一定条件，水界面可以平稳上升。Principle of the method: The characteristic of water flow is to flow from the high potential energy area to the low potential energy area. The intrusion of bottom water into oil and gas reservoirs during oil and gas production indicates that bottom water can overcome gravity and flow from the high potential energy area to the low potential energy area from bottom to top. The story of the crow drinking water also shows that if certain conditions are met, the water level can rise steadily.
原始地层条件下，油气水处于同一压力系统，油水界面相对平稳，油气开采导致油气储层地层能量亏空，水层变为相对高势能区，油水界面缓慢上升，但上升速度低于油气开采速度。一次采油结束采收率较低现象表明，单纯依赖地层水恢复油气储层压力，是远远不够的。Under the original stratigraphic conditions, oil, gas and water are in the same pressure system, and the oil-water contact is relatively stable. Oil and gas production leads to oil and gas reservoir formation energy deficit, and the water layer becomes a relatively high potential energy area. The oil-water contact rises slowly, but the rising speed is lower than the oil and gas production speed. The low recovery rate at the end of primary oil recovery shows that it is not enough to rely solely on formation water to restore oil and gas reservoir pressure.
因此，向高势能水区注水，油水界面势必向油气储层方向推进。显然，这种油水界面的整体推移，与生产压差过大导致的边水或底水宏吸一样的脊进或指进侵入油气层是不同的，二者动力来源不同，水线推进方式不同，对油气生产效果的影响也不同。Therefore, when water is injected into the high potential energy water area, the oil-water contact is bound to advance toward the oil-gas reservoir. Obviously, the overall movement of this oil-water contact is different from the ridge or finger invasion of oil and gas layers caused by excessive production pressure difference, which is the same as the macro-absorption of edge water or bottom water. The two have different power sources and different waterline propulsion methods. , and have different effects on oil and gas production.
向油气藏水层注水之油气开采方法，其特征是，在油气生产过程中，以一定速率向 油气藏水层注水，补充水层水量不足部分，增强油气开采驱动力，弥补油气藏能量亏空，提高油气动用程度及采出程度。其中，所述油气藏，包括冷采油气藏、通过加热水层热采的各类油气藏；所述水层，包括边水层、底水层。The oil and gas recovery method of injecting water into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir is characterized in that, in the process of oil and gas production, water is injected into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir at a certain rate to supplement the water shortage in the water layer, enhance the driving force of oil and gas production, and make up for the energy deficit of the oil and gas reservoir. Improve oil and gas production and recovery. Wherein, the oil and gas reservoirs include cold recovery oil and gas reservoirs and various oil and gas reservoirs that are thermally recovered by heating water layers; the water layers include edge water layers and bottom water layers.
向油气藏水层注水，对水层不发育的油气藏尤其重要，注入水形式多样，可以是地表水，可以是油气藏外的地层水，或者油气生产回采水，或者多相流体混合物，可以是冷水，也可以是热水，不限于列举。Water injection into the water layer of oil and gas reservoirs is especially important for oil and gas reservoirs with undeveloped water layers. The injected water can be in various forms, such as surface water, formation water outside oil and gas reservoirs, or oil and gas production and recovery water, or multiphase fluid mixtures. It may be cold water or hot water, and it is not limited to enumeration.
向油气藏水层注水之油气开采方法，对于冷采油气藏，可以直接注水入底水层，也可以边加热水层边注水；而对热采油气藏，向采油阶段不加热水层的油气藏注水只能注热水，或者采油阶段边加热水层边注水。The oil and gas recovery method of injecting water into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir, for the cold recovery oil and gas reservoir, can directly inject water into the bottom water layer, and can also inject water while heating the water layer; For reservoir water injection, only hot water can be injected, or water can be injected while heating the water layer during the oil production stage.
向油气藏水层注水，注水速度大于等于采油气速度，或者总注水量大于等于累积产油气量与油气储层存水量之差，形成强水驱，反之，则以弥补储层能量亏空为主，形成弱水驱。Inject water into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir, and the water injection rate is greater than or equal to the oil and gas production rate, or the total water injection is greater than or equal to the difference between the cumulative oil and gas production and the water storage of the oil and gas reservoir, forming strong water flooding, otherwise, mainly to make up for the energy deficit of the reservoir , forming a weak water drive.
向油气藏水层注水，因水温度不同可划分为以下三种类型：小于等于原油地层温度、水沸点温度之下及水沸腾状态。根据水温度不同，向油气藏水层注水之油气开采方法，驱油气动力表现不同：冷采并注水，驱油气动力以水驱为主，压力驱为辅；低水沸点温度加热并注水，驱油气动力以底水热水驱为主，底水蒸汽驱及储层弹性压力驱为辅；水沸点温度加热并注水，驱油气动力以底水蒸汽驱为主，底水热水驱及储层弹性压力驱为辅；边水油气藏，以边水冷水驱或者边水热水驱为主，蒸汽驱及压力驱为辅。Water injection into the water layer of oil and gas reservoirs can be divided into the following three types due to different water temperatures: less than or equal to the formation temperature of crude oil, below the boiling point of water, and under the boiling state of water. Depending on the water temperature, the oil and gas recovery method of injecting water into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir has different performances in oil and gas displacement power: cold recovery and water injection, water flooding as the main force for oil and gas displacement, supplemented by pressure flooding; low water boiling point temperature heating and water injection, flooding Oil and gas power is mainly based on bottom water hot water flooding, supplemented by bottom water steam flooding and reservoir elastic pressure flooding; heating at the boiling point of water and injecting water, and oil and gas driving power is mainly based on bottom water steam flooding, bottom water hot water flooding and reservoir Elastic pressure flooding is supplemented; edge water oil and gas reservoirs are dominated by edge water cold water flooding or edge water hot water flooding, supplemented by steam flooding and pressure flooding.
图1集中热采A-B
1-C生产关系曲线图
Fig. 1 AB 1 -C production relationship curve of centralized thermal recovery
图2不同热采方式下底水温度压力变化轨迹示意图Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of the change trajectory of bottom water temperature and pressure under different thermal recovery methods
图3 A-B
2-V
3低于水沸点温度高温加热底水并注水生产关系曲线图
Fig. 3 AB 2 -V 3 is lower than the boiling point of water, heating the bottom water at high temperature and injecting water production relationship curve
图4 A-B
2-V
4低于水沸点温度低温加热底水并注水生产关系曲线图
Fig. 4 AB 2 -V 4 is lower than the boiling point of water, heating the bottom water at low temperature and injecting water production relationship curve
图5 A-B
3-V
1水沸点温度低温加热底水并注水生产关系曲线图
Fig. 5 AB 3 -V 1 water boiling point temperature low temperature heating bottom water and water injection production relationship curve
图6 A-B
3-V
2水沸点温度高温加热底水并注水生产关系曲线图
Fig. 6 AB 3 -V 2 water boiling point temperature high temperature heating bottom water and water injection production relationship curve
其中，in,
A点为原始地层温度压力，A-B段为油藏预热阶段，B-C、B-V为采油阶段，其中，实线为生产中加热地层水，虚线表示生产中不加热地层水；Point A is the original formation temperature and pressure, section A-B is the reservoir preheating stage, and B-C and B-V are the oil production stages, where the solid line indicates that the formation water is heated during production, and the dotted line indicates that the formation water is not heated during production;
图3～图6为采油过程中加热底水并注水，注采比1：1的生产关系曲线。Figures 3 to 6 are the production relationship curves of heating the bottom water and injecting water during the oil production process, and the injection-production ratio is 1:1.
向油气藏水层注水之采油气方法，可独立或者与蒸汽驱、压力驱采油气方法并行，广泛应用于各类油气藏的油气开采：低沸点温度加热底水并注水或者单独注水方式形成的底水驱，为 开发阶段进入中后期的油气藏，特别是冷采油气藏，提供低成本、高收益的创新采油气动力，可替代现有采油气驱动方法；为油气藏，特别是底水资源不充足油气藏，提供底水蒸汽驱及低于水沸点温度的以底水热水驱为主的多种开发方式；为底水蒸汽驱采油气方法节能延迟加热地层水提供充足的底水资源，辅助蒸汽驱，提高油气藏采收率。The oil and gas recovery method of injecting water into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir can be used independently or in parallel with the steam flooding and pressure flooding oil and gas recovery methods, and is widely used in the oil and gas recovery of various oil and gas reservoirs: the bottom water is heated at a low boiling point and injected with water or formed by water injection alone Bottom water flooding provides low-cost, high-yield innovative oil and gas recovery power for oil and gas reservoirs that have entered the middle and late stages of development, especially cold recovery oil and gas reservoirs, and can replace existing oil and gas production drive methods; for oil and gas reservoirs, especially bottom water For oil and gas reservoirs with insufficient resources, provide bottom water steam flooding and multiple development methods based on bottom water hot water flooding at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water; provide sufficient bottom water for energy-saving and delayed heating of formation water by bottom water steam flooding oil and gas recovery methods resources, auxiliary steam flooding, and enhanced oil and gas reservoir recovery.
以加热某特稠油油藏底水热采方法为例，数模结果显示，预热油层顶温度到100℃开始采油。集中热采方法，采油时不加热，采收率为34％，吨油电费成本1388元/吨；采油时加热不注水，采收达45％；采油时加热注水，采收率62～75％，电费成本1140～1369元/吨，水沸点温度下汽驱注水，采收率81～86％，吨油电费成本降至950～1194元/吨，相较于不注水条件，注水条件下采收率可提高28～52％，吨油电费成本降低20～37％。可见，向油气藏水层注水采油气方法，能够切实提高油藏动用程度及采出程度，且随采收率的提高吨油电费成本降低。Taking the thermal recovery method of heating the bottom water of a certain extra heavy oil reservoir as an example, the numerical simulation results show that the oil production starts when the top temperature of the oil layer is preheated to 100°C. Concentrated thermal recovery method, without heating during oil production, the recovery rate is 34%, and the cost of electricity per ton of oil is 1388 yuan/ton; heating without water injection during oil production, the recovery reaches 45%; heating and water injection during oil production, the recovery rate is 62-75% , the electricity cost is 1,140-1,369 yuan/ton, steam drive water injection at the boiling point of water, the recovery rate is 81-86%, and the cost of electricity per ton of oil is reduced to 950-1,194 yuan/ton. The yield can be increased by 28-52%, and the cost of electricity per ton of oil can be reduced by 20-37%. It can be seen that the oil and gas recovery method by injecting water into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir can effectively improve the degree of production and recovery of the oil reservoir, and the cost of electricity per ton of oil will decrease with the increase of the recovery rate.
实施案例Implementation case
为便于比较，实施案例预热油层条件一致，均加热到油顶温度达100℃，然后开始注水并继续加热采油，采注比1：1，水层顶部温度压力变化轨迹如图2。For the convenience of comparison, the preheating oil layer conditions in the implementation cases are the same. They are all heated until the oil top temperature reaches 100°C, then water injection is started and oil production is continued by heating. The production-injection ratio is 1:1. The temperature and pressure change trajectory at the top of the water layer is shown in Figure 2.
案例一：A-B
2-V
4低于水沸点温度低温加热底水并注水(图4)，以底水热水驱为主，采收率62％，吨油电费1369元/吨，吨油能耗96×10
5kJ/t。
Case 1: AB 2 -V 4 heats the bottom water at a low temperature below the boiling point of water and injects water (Fig. 4). The bottom water hot water flooding is the main method, the recovery rate is 62%, the electricity cost per ton of oil is 1369 yuan/ton, and the energy per ton of oil is The consumption is 96×10 5 kJ/t.
案例二：A-B
2-V
3低于水沸点温度高温加热底水并注水(图3)，以底水热水驱为主，底水蒸汽驱作用增加，高温原油流动性增大，采收率提高至75％，较不注水条件提高30％，吨油能耗80×10
5kJ/t。
Case 2: AB 2 -V 3 heats the bottom water at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water and injects water (Fig. 3). The bottom water hot water flooding is dominant, the steam flooding effect of the bottom water increases, the fluidity of high-temperature crude oil increases, and the recovery factor increases. Increased to 75%, 30% higher than that without water injection, and the energy consumption per ton of oil is 80×10 5 kJ/t.
案例三：A-B
3-V
1水沸点温度低温加热底水并注水(图5)，以底水蒸汽驱作用为主，底水热水驱及储层弹性压力驱为辅，采收率81％，吨油电费成本950元/吨，吨油能耗67×10
5kJ/t。
Case 3: AB 3 -V 1 water boiling point temperature is low to heat bottom water and inject water (Fig. 5), with bottom water steam flooding as the main effect, bottom water hot water flooding and reservoir elastic pressure flooding as supplementary, the recovery rate is 81% , the electricity cost per ton of oil is 950 yuan/ton, and the energy consumption per ton of oil is 67×10 5 kJ/t.
案例四：A-B
3-V
2水沸点温度高温加热底水并注水(图6)，以底水蒸汽驱作用为主，底水热水驱及储层弹性压力驱为辅，采收率86％，吨油电费成本1194元/吨，吨油能耗84×10
5kJ/t。
Case 4: AB 3 -V 2 water boiling point temperature heats the bottom water at high temperature and injects water (Fig. 6), with bottom water steam flooding as the main effect, bottom water hot water flooding and reservoir elastic pressure flooding as supplementary, the recovery rate is 86% , the electricity cost per ton of oil is 1194 yuan/ton, and the energy consumption per ton of oil is 84×10 5 kJ/t.
以上案例说明，底水温度、底水驱动力——底水热水驱及底水蒸汽驱，对油藏采收率的提高起至关重要的作用，各项作用力可独立或者合力在油气开采中发挥积极的作用。The above cases show that bottom water temperature and bottom water driving force—bottom water hot water flooding and bottom water steam flooding play a vital role in improving the recovery of oil reservoirs. Each force can be independent or combined in oil and gas. Play an active role in mining.
Claims (8)
- 向油气藏水层注水之油气开采方法，其特征是，在油气生产过程中，以一定速率向油气藏水层注水，补充水层水量不足部分，增强油气开采驱动力，弥补油气藏能量亏空，提高油气动用程度及采出程度，其中，The oil and gas recovery method of injecting water into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir is characterized in that, in the process of oil and gas production, water is injected into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir at a certain rate to supplement the water shortage in the water layer, enhance the driving force of oil and gas production, and make up for the energy deficit of the oil and gas reservoir. Improve the degree of oil and gas production and recovery, among which,所述油气藏，包括冷采油气藏、通过加热水层热采的各类油气藏；所述水层，包括边水层、底水层；所述注水，注入水形式多样，可以是地表水，可以是油气藏外的地层水，或者油气生产回采水，或者多相流体混合物，可以是冷水，也可以是热水，其中，对于冷采油气藏，可以直接注水入底水层，也可以边加热水层边注水；对于热采油气藏，只能注热水或者边加热水层边注水；The oil and gas reservoirs include cold recovery oil and gas reservoirs and various oil and gas reservoirs that are thermally recovered by heating the water layer; the water layer includes the edge water layer and the bottom water layer; the water injection has various forms of injected water, which can be surface water , can be formation water outside the oil and gas reservoir, or oil and gas production and recovery water, or multiphase fluid mixture, which can be cold water or hot water. Among them, for cold recovery oil and gas reservoirs, water can be directly injected into the bottom water layer, or it can be Water injection while heating the water layer; for thermal oil and gas reservoirs, only hot water can be injected or water injection while heating the water layer;所述增强油气开采驱动力，其特征是，依据水流动特性及油气藏压力分布特征，向油气藏水层注水，增加油气藏水层势能，使油水界面向油气储层平稳推进，形成整体的水驱油气动力，当注水速度大于等于采油气速度，或者累注水量大于等于累积产油量与油气储层内存水量之差，形成由外向内的整体的水驱油气动力，形成强水驱；反之，则以弥补储层能量亏空为主，形成弱水驱。The feature of enhancing the driving force of oil and gas production is that, according to the characteristics of water flow and the pressure distribution characteristics of the oil and gas reservoir, water is injected into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir, so as to increase the potential energy of the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir, so that the oil-water interface can advance steadily toward the oil and gas reservoir, forming an overall Water flooding oil and gas power, when the water injection rate is greater than or equal to the oil and gas production rate, or the accumulated water injection volume is greater than or equal to the difference between the cumulative oil production and the internal water volume of the oil and gas reservoir, the overall water drive oil and gas power from the outside to the inside is formed, forming a strong water drive; On the contrary, it mainly makes up for the energy deficit of the reservoir to form weak water flooding.
- 根据权利要求1所述的向油气藏水层注水之油气开采方法，其特征是，向所述边水油气藏注水，以边水冷水驱或者边水热水驱为主，蒸汽驱及压力驱为辅。The oil and gas recovery method for injecting water into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the water injection into the edge water oil and gas reservoir is mainly based on edge water cold water flooding or edge water hot water flooding, steam flooding and pressure flooding As a supplement.
- 根据权利要求1所述的向油气藏水层注水之油气开采方法，其特征是，强水驱形成条件：The oil and gas production method for injecting water into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir according to claim 1, characterized in that, the formation conditions of strong water flooding are:采油初期开始注水，注水速度大于等于采油气速度，或者Water injection starts at the early stage of oil production, and the water injection rate is greater than or equal to the oil and gas production rate, or总注水量大于等于油气藏累积采油气量与油气储层存水量之差。The total water injection volume is greater than or equal to the difference between the accumulated oil and gas production volume of the oil and gas reservoir and the water storage volume of the oil and gas reservoir.
- 根据权利要求1所述的向油气藏水层注水之油气开采方法，其特征是，弱水驱以弥补储层能量亏空为主，形成条件：According to claim 1, the oil and gas recovery method for injecting water into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir is characterized in that the weak water flooding is mainly to make up for the energy deficit of the reservoir, and the formation conditions are:注水速度小于采油气速度，或者The water injection rate is less than the oil and gas production rate, or总注水量小于油气藏累积采油气量与油气储层存水量之差。The total water injection volume is less than the difference between the cumulative oil and gas production volume of the oil and gas reservoir and the water storage volume of the oil and gas reservoir.
- 根据权利要求1所述的向油气藏水层注水之油气开采方法，其特征是，向冷采油气藏水层注水，直接注冷水或者热水，驱油气动力以冷水驱或热水驱为主，压力驱为辅；或者，The oil and gas recovery method for injecting water into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir according to claim 1 is characterized in that the water injection into the water layer of the cold recovery oil and gas reservoir is directly injected with cold water or hot water, and the power for driving oil and gas is mainly cold water or hot water. , supplemented by pressure drive; or,边加热水层边注水，驱油气动力主要是热水驱、蒸汽驱和压力驱。Water is injected while heating the water layer, and the driving forces for oil and gas displacement are mainly hot water flooding, steam flooding and pressure flooding.
- 根据权利要求1所述的向油气藏水层注水之油气开采方法，其特征是，向所述通过加热水层热采油气藏水层注水，采油过程中不加热水层，只能注热水，水 温度小于等于原油地层温度，驱油动力以冷水驱或热水驱为主，压力驱、蒸汽驱为辅。The oil and gas production method for injecting water into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir according to claim 1, wherein water is injected into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir by heating the water layer and the water layer is not heated during the oil production process, only hot water can be injected , the water temperature is less than or equal to the formation temperature of the crude oil, and the driving force for oil displacement is mainly cold water flooding or hot water flooding, supplemented by pressure flooding and steam flooding.
- 根据权利要求1所述的向油气藏水层注水之油气开采方法，向所述通过加热水层热采油气藏水层注水，采油气过程中加热水层并注水，注冷水或热水，水温低于沸点温度，驱油气动力以热水驱为主，蒸汽驱及储层弹性压力驱为辅。According to claim 1, the oil and gas production method for injecting water into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir, injecting water into the water layer of the thermally recovered oil and gas reservoir by heating the water layer, heating the water layer and injecting water in the oil and gas production process, injecting cold water or hot water, the water temperature Below the boiling point temperature, the driving force for oil and gas displacement is mainly hot water flooding, supplemented by steam flooding and reservoir elastic pressure flooding.
- 根据权利要求1所述的向油气藏水层注水之油气开采方法，向所述通过加热水层热采油气藏水层注水，采油气过程中加热水层并注水，注冷水或热水，水沸点温度持续加热水层，驱油气动力以蒸汽驱、热水驱为主，储层弹性压力驱为辅。According to claim 1, the oil and gas production method for injecting water into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir, injecting water into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir by heating the water layer, heating the water layer and injecting water in the oil and gas production process, injecting cold water or hot water, water The boiling point temperature continues to heat the water layer, and the power for oil and gas displacement is mainly steam flooding and hot water flooding, supplemented by reservoir elastic pressure flooding.
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