WO2023116798A1 - Method for exploiting oil and gas by continuously heating formation water at temperature lower than boiling point of water - Google Patents
Method for exploiting oil and gas by continuously heating formation water at temperature lower than boiling point of water Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
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- the method belongs to the technical field of exploiting oil and gas by utilizing edge/bottom water resources of oil and gas reservoirs in the oil and gas industry.
- CN201480001286.3 discloses a thermal recovery method using horizontal wells to electrically heat the edge-bottom water layer of the oil reservoir, that is, to centrally preheat the oil reservoir by electrically heating the upper part of the edge-bottom water layer of the oil reservoir until the crude oil in the oil reservoir is movable and recoverable as a whole.
- this method of centralized thermal recovery of the upper water layer of the electric heating oil reservoir based on the idea of raising the temperature and reducing the viscosity of crude oil has the greatest potential
- the production effect is better than that of steam thermal recovery, direct electric heating of oil layer or wellbore and fire oil layer methods.
- the problem of this centralized thermal recovery method is that the pressure drop of the reservoir is fast, and the bottom water steam flooding formed by the vaporization of the high-temperature oil layer and intruding into the bottom water lasts for a short time, and gradually weakens to disappear with the decrease of the temperature of the oil layer.
- There is a certain bottom water hot water flooding effect but there is a difference in the relative seepage capacity of oil and water in the end, which leads to water flooding of production wells and stop production.
- ZL201911298637.1 innovatively proposed a method of exploiting oil and gas by using the bottom water resources of oil and gas reservoirs, that is, heating the bottom water to a boiling state to make the bottom water continuous Bottom water vapor is generated on the ground to form continuous bottom water vapor flooding, bottom water hot water flooding and reservoir thermal expansion elastic pressure flooding along the entire oil-water interface.
- the method is verified by the mathematical model of concentrated thermal recovery extra heavy oil reservoir, and the calculation results show that the recovery rate of the reservoir is as high as 81-86%, the average annual oil recovery rate is 6.2-7.8, and the cost of electricity per ton of oil is between 950-1194 ⁇ /t, the energy consumption per ton of oil is 66.6 ⁇ 83.7 ⁇ 10 5 kJ/t.
- This bottom water steam flooding method compared with the concentrated thermal recovery method, has the same point that it can preheat the reservoir at high temperature, and the difference is that ZL201911298637.1 actively generates bottom water steam flooding to provide lasting oil and gas power for crude oil production.
- the production wells are deployed on the top of the oil layer; while the concentrated thermal recovery method does not heat during the oil production stage, the bottom water vapor comes from the vaporization of the high-temperature oil layer and intrudes into the bottom water, which is passive and short-lived.
- Wells are deployed at the bottom of the reservoir.
- the two methods have different oil recovery mechanisms and different heating methods, so there is a big difference in the final oil recovery effect.
- ZL201911298637.1 has more advantages in terms of oil recovery by steam flooding at the bottom of water boiling point, reservoir recovery degree and total income.
- the ZL201911298637.1 water boiling point temperature bottom water steam flooding oil and gas recovery method has the disadvantage that a large amount of bottom water resources are consumed in the steam flooding process.
- the boiling point temperature Bottom water steam flooding is difficult to achieve ideal development results.
- the concentrated thermal recovery method consumes less water resources, but its oil recovery method is similar to the primary oil recovery of thin oil, and the production capacity is quickly exhausted by using the preheating energy.
- the numerical simulation of centralized thermal recovery shows that the deep temperature of the oil layer dropped from 325 °C at the initial stage to 180 °C at the end of production, indicating that the increase in crude oil viscosity is the root cause of the rapid increase in water content in production wells.
- the key factor of consumption amortization, in the oil and gas production process including preheating oil and gas reservoirs and oil and gas production process, use horizontal wells to continuously heat formation water at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water, and stop preheating when the crude oil flow in the entire oil reservoir is recoverable Reservoirs, while producing oil and gas, continue to heat the formation water at a temperature lower than that in the preheating stage until the end of production, or stop heating when the water cut of the production well reaches 90%, and use the residual heat to develop the remaining oil and gas, so as to reduce oil and gas production.
- the consumption of water resources caused by water vaporization in the production process can make up for the energy of the formation, make up for the loss of heat energy inside the reservoir, ensure that the crude oil is in a good flow state, delay the intrusion of bottom water, and then improve the recovery rate of oil and gas reservoirs and reduce the energy consumption per ton of oil;
- the heating horizontal well has a built-in heating device and is installed in the water layer or oil layer;
- the formation water includes water in the water layer of natural oil and gas reservoirs, intrusive water in oil and gas reservoirs, and artificial water injection.
- the horizontal well has a built-in heating device, and the horizontal well is set in the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir, close to the oil-water interface, or the horizontal well has a built-in heating device, and is set in the water-flooded oil and gas within the reservoir.
- a method for oil and gas production by continuously heating formation water at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water the formation water is water in the water layer of a natural oil and gas reservoir, or intruded water in an oil and gas reservoir, or artificial water injection, or intrusive water in an oil and gas reservoir and Artificially watered mixture.
- AB 1 -C is a concentrated thermal recovery method
- AB 2 -D 1 and AB 2 -D 2 are the above-mentioned continuous heating formation water oil and gas recovery methods at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water, both of which have the same water temperature and pressure Below the water boiling point temperature and pressure curve, the difference is that in the concentrated thermal recovery method, the B 1 -C production stage is not heated, which is indicated by the dotted line; the latter production stage B 2 -D production stage is continuously heated, and the solid line is indicated.
- the oil and gas recovery method of continuously heating formation water at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water if the perforated well section of the oil and gas production well is in the upper middle part of the oil and gas layer, the formation water is continuously heated at a temperature close to and lower than the boiling point of water.
- Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of temperature and pressure change curve of heated formation water during oil and gas production
- point A is the original formation water temperature and pressure
- point B is the temperature and pressure at the end of preheating
- AB 1 -C is the temperature and pressure change track of the heated formation water in the centralized thermal recovery method, the AB 1 section is the centralized heating stage, and B 1 -C is the concentrated crude oil production stage without heating;
- AB 2 -D 1 , AB 2 -D 2 are methods for continuously heating the formation water at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water
- B 2 -D 1 , B 2 -D 2 are methods for continuously heating the formation water at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water in the oil production stage. Support the schematic curve of the change trajectory of formation water temperature and pressure;
- AB 3 -V 3 , AB 3 -V 4 are bottom steam flooding oil and gas recovery methods at water boiling point temperature
- B 3 -V 3 , B 3 -V 4 are preparatory stages for bottom steam flooding depressurization
- V 3 and V 4 points Represents the stable bottom water steam flooding production stage, during which the temperature and pressure are stable
- Fig. 2 is lower than the water boiling point temperature continuous heating reservoir water layer top production relationship curve
- Fig. 3 is a production relationship curve diagram of continuously heating the top of the water layer at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water under the condition of water injection into the water layer.
- the oil and gas recovery method of continuously heating the formation water at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water only a small amount of bottom water vapor is generated during the production process, and the water resource consumption is less than that of the bottom water steam flooding method of the boiling point temperature, but continuous heating can make up for the heat loss inside the reservoir. Ensuring that crude oil is in a good flow state can effectively improve oil recovery; for water-flooded or water-injected oil and gas reservoirs, using existing horizontal wells to heat can save water layer drilling costs.
- Figure 3 shows that under the condition of supplementing formation energy by water injection, formation water is continuously heated at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water in the production stage, and the production effect is: the total recovery rate is 75.7%, and the energy consumption per ton of oil is 74.6 ⁇ 10 5 kJ/t. This shows that enhanced oil recovery is the key factor for the amortization of energy consumption in thermal recovery.
- the heat energy provided during the production stage has no preheating cost, but it can help maintain or improve the flow capacity of crude oil and inhibit the delay of bottom water. Invasion, improve the final oil recovery effect.
- the recovery rate is 81-86%
- the energy consumption per ton of oil is 66.7 ⁇ 10 5 kJ/t
- the oil and gas recovery method is used to continuously heat the formation water at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water in the production stage, which can be used for oil and gas reservoir development alternatives for .
Abstract
A method for exploiting oil and gas by continuously heating formation water at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water. The process of oil and gas production comprises the process of preheating oil and gas reservoirs and the process of exploiting oil and gas. A horizontal well is used to continuously heat formation water at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water, and the preheating of the oil reservoir is stopped under the condition in which crude oil in the entire oil reservoir flows and is ready for exploitation. Then, while exploiting the oil and gas, the formation water is continuously heated at a temperature lower than that of the preheating phase. The heating is stopped when the water content of the production well reaches 90%, and the remaining oil and gas is exploited by using waste heat until production has ended, so as to reduce the consumption of water resources caused by water vaporization during the process of oil and gas production, compensate for formation energy, compensate for the loss of heat energy inside the oil reservoir, ensure that the crude oil is in a good flow state, and delay the intrusion of bottom water, thereby increasing the recovery rate of oil and gas reservoirs and reducing energy consumption per ton of oil. The heating horizontal well has a built-in heating apparatus which is arranged in a water layer or an oil layer; and the formation water comprises water in the water layer of natural oil and gas reservoirs, intruding water in oil and gas reservoirs, and manually injected water.
Description
本方法属于石油天然气工业行业中利用油气藏边/底水资源开采油气技术领域。The method belongs to the technical field of exploiting oil and gas by utilizing edge/bottom water resources of oil and gas reservoirs in the oil and gas industry.
目前，国内外部分油气开采进入瓶颈阶段，困扰油气藏提高采收率及经济效益的因素主要有四个方面：一、热采油藏，热量注不进原油采不出；二、油气藏底水侵入破坏油气生产，导致油气井停产；三、各类油气藏采油气驱动力存在客观局限性，油气生产进入低效或者无效循环状态；四、致密油气藏储层改造及采油气动力成本高、环境污染大。At present, some oil and gas production at home and abroad has entered the bottleneck stage, and there are four main factors that hinder the recovery rate and economic benefits of oil and gas reservoirs: 1. Thermal recovery oil reservoirs, where heat cannot be injected into the crude oil and cannot be recovered; 2. The bottom of the oil and gas reservoirs Water intrusion destroys oil and gas production, leading to the shutdown of oil and gas wells; 3. There are objective limitations in the driving force of oil and gas recovery in various oil and gas reservoirs, and oil and gas production enters a low-efficiency or ineffective cycle state; 4. The cost of tight oil and gas reservoir reconstruction and oil and gas recovery power is high , Environmental pollution is big.
CN201480001286.3公开的利用水平井电加热油藏边底水层热采方法，即通过电加热油藏边底水层上部方式集中预热油藏，直到油藏原油整体可动可采。王义刚等，利用水平井电加热油藏地层水热采方法可行性分析，非常规油气，2018.2Vol.5，70～75公开了集中热采方法数模结果，油藏采收率53.8％，平均年采油速度7.7，吨油电费成本1341￥/t，吨油能耗94×10
5kJ/t。
CN201480001286.3 discloses a thermal recovery method using horizontal wells to electrically heat the edge-bottom water layer of the oil reservoir, that is, to centrally preheat the oil reservoir by electrically heating the upper part of the edge-bottom water layer of the oil reservoir until the crude oil in the oil reservoir is movable and recoverable as a whole. Wang Yigang et al., Feasibility Analysis of Thermal Recovery Method Using Horizontal Well Electric Heating Reservoir Formation Water, Unconventional Oil and Gas, 2018.2Vol. The annual oil production rate is 7.7, the electricity cost per ton of oil is 1341￥/t, and the energy consumption per ton of oil is 94×10 5 kJ/t.
从油藏采收率、吨油能耗、吨油电费成本及适用范围等多种不同角度比较来看，这种基于原油升温降黏思想的电加热油藏水层上部集中热采方法，其生产效果好于蒸汽热采、直接电加热油层或者井筒及火烧油层方法。但这种集中热采方法存在的问题是，油藏压降快，高温油层汽化侵入底水形成的底水蒸汽驱持续时间短，随油层温度降低而逐渐弱化至消失，侵入底水虽然高温，有一定的底水热水驱作用，但最终油水相对渗流能力存在差异，导致生产井水淹停止生产。From the perspectives of oil recovery, energy consumption per ton of oil, cost of electricity per ton of oil, and scope of application, this method of centralized thermal recovery of the upper water layer of the electric heating oil reservoir based on the idea of raising the temperature and reducing the viscosity of crude oil has the greatest potential The production effect is better than that of steam thermal recovery, direct electric heating of oil layer or wellbore and fire oil layer methods. However, the problem of this centralized thermal recovery method is that the pressure drop of the reservoir is fast, and the bottom water steam flooding formed by the vaporization of the high-temperature oil layer and intruding into the bottom water lasts for a short time, and gradually weakens to disappear with the decrease of the temperature of the oil layer. There is a certain bottom water hot water flooding effect, but there is a difference in the relative seepage capacity of oil and water in the end, which leads to water flooding of production wells and stop production.
针对上述问题，综合前人工作经验，根据水的各种物理属性，ZL201911298637.1创新提出一种利用油气藏底水资源开采油气的方法，即通过加热底水至沸腾状态，使底水持续不断地产生底水蒸汽，形成沿整个油水界面产生持续的底水蒸汽驱、底水热水驱和储层热膨胀弹性压力驱。以集中热采特稠油油藏数学模型对该方法加以验证，计算结果显示：油藏采收率高达81～86％，平均年采油速度6.2～7.8，吨油电费成本介于950～1194￥/t，吨油能耗66.6～83.7×10
5kJ/t。
In view of the above problems, based on the previous work experience and according to the various physical properties of water, ZL201911298637.1 innovatively proposed a method of exploiting oil and gas by using the bottom water resources of oil and gas reservoirs, that is, heating the bottom water to a boiling state to make the bottom water continuous Bottom water vapor is generated on the ground to form continuous bottom water vapor flooding, bottom water hot water flooding and reservoir thermal expansion elastic pressure flooding along the entire oil-water interface. The method is verified by the mathematical model of concentrated thermal recovery extra heavy oil reservoir, and the calculation results show that the recovery rate of the reservoir is as high as 81-86%, the average annual oil recovery rate is 6.2-7.8, and the cost of electricity per ton of oil is between 950-1194￥ /t, the energy consumption per ton of oil is 66.6～83.7×10 5 kJ/t.
这种底水蒸汽驱方法，较集中热采方法，相同点是都能高温集中预热油藏，不同点是ZL201911298637.1能动地产生底水蒸汽驱，为原油生产提供持久的采油气动力，生产井部署在油层顶部；而集中热采方法，采油阶段不加热，底水蒸汽源于高温油层汽化侵入底水，被动、短暂，采油动力主要来源于升温降黏及重力泄油，因而，生产井部署在油层的底部。两种方法，采油机理不同，加热方式不同，因而最终采油效果存在较大差异。显然，ZL201911298637.1水沸点温度底水蒸汽驱采油方法，油藏采出程度及总收益等指标，更占 优势。This bottom water steam flooding method, compared with the concentrated thermal recovery method, has the same point that it can preheat the reservoir at high temperature, and the difference is that ZL201911298637.1 actively generates bottom water steam flooding to provide lasting oil and gas power for crude oil production. The production wells are deployed on the top of the oil layer; while the concentrated thermal recovery method does not heat during the oil production stage, the bottom water vapor comes from the vaporization of the high-temperature oil layer and intrudes into the bottom water, which is passive and short-lived. Wells are deployed at the bottom of the reservoir. The two methods have different oil recovery mechanisms and different heating methods, so there is a big difference in the final oil recovery effect. Apparently, ZL201911298637.1 has more advantages in terms of oil recovery by steam flooding at the bottom of water boiling point, reservoir recovery degree and total income.
但ZL201911298637.1水沸点温度底水蒸汽驱采油气方法，存在的弊端是，汽驱过程中需要耗费大量的底水资源，这对于水资源不充足地区的热采油藏来说，利用沸点温度底水蒸汽驱难以取得理想的开发效果。而集中热采方法，虽然水资源耗费少，但其采油方式类似稀油一次采油，利用预热能量，产能很快枯竭。集中热采数模显示，油层中深温度由初期的325℃降至生产结束时的180℃，显示原油黏度增加是导致生产井含水量快速上升的根本原因。However, the ZL201911298637.1 water boiling point temperature bottom water steam flooding oil and gas recovery method has the disadvantage that a large amount of bottom water resources are consumed in the steam flooding process. For thermal recovery reservoirs in areas with insufficient water resources, the boiling point temperature Bottom water steam flooding is difficult to achieve ideal development results. The concentrated thermal recovery method consumes less water resources, but its oil recovery method is similar to the primary oil recovery of thin oil, and the production capacity is quickly exhausted by using the preheating energy. The numerical simulation of centralized thermal recovery shows that the deep temperature of the oil layer dropped from 325 °C at the initial stage to 180 °C at the end of production, indicating that the increase in crude oil viscosity is the root cause of the rapid increase in water content in production wells.
发明内容Contents of the invention
低于水沸点温度持续加热地层水油气开采方法，即，依据地层水预热结束后，生产阶段多提供的热能无预热成本却有助于提高采收率，高采收率是热采能耗摊销的关键因素，在油气生产过程中，包含预热油气藏及开采油气过程，利用水平井以低于水沸点温度持续加热地层水，在整个油藏原油流动可采条件下停止预热油藏，然后一边开采油气，一边以低于预热阶段的温度继续加热地层水，直到生产结束，或者，当生产井含水率达90％时停止加热，利用余热开采剩余油气，以此降低油气生产过程中因水汽化导致的水资源消耗，弥补地层能量，弥补油藏内部热能损失，保障原油处于良好的流动状态，延缓底水侵入，进而提高油气藏采收率及降低吨油能耗；其中，所述加热水平井，内置加热装置，设置在水层内或油层内；所述地层水，包括天然油气藏水层内的水、油气储层内的侵入水、人工注水。Continuous heating of formation water at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water for oil and gas recovery, that is, based on the completion of preheating of formation water, the heat energy provided during the production stage has no preheating cost but helps to improve recovery. High recovery is thermal recovery energy. The key factor of consumption amortization, in the oil and gas production process, including preheating oil and gas reservoirs and oil and gas production process, use horizontal wells to continuously heat formation water at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water, and stop preheating when the crude oil flow in the entire oil reservoir is recoverable Reservoirs, while producing oil and gas, continue to heat the formation water at a temperature lower than that in the preheating stage until the end of production, or stop heating when the water cut of the production well reaches 90%, and use the residual heat to develop the remaining oil and gas, so as to reduce oil and gas production. The consumption of water resources caused by water vaporization in the production process can make up for the energy of the formation, make up for the loss of heat energy inside the reservoir, ensure that the crude oil is in a good flow state, delay the intrusion of bottom water, and then improve the recovery rate of oil and gas reservoirs and reduce the energy consumption per ton of oil; Wherein, the heating horizontal well has a built-in heating device and is installed in the water layer or oil layer; the formation water includes water in the water layer of natural oil and gas reservoirs, intrusive water in oil and gas reservoirs, and artificial water injection.
低于水沸点温度持续加热地层水油气开采方法中，所述水平井内置加热装置，水平井设置在油气藏水层内，靠近油水界面，或者水平井内置加热装置，设置在被水淹的油气储层内。In the oil and gas recovery method of continuously heating formation water at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water, the horizontal well has a built-in heating device, and the horizontal well is set in the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir, close to the oil-water interface, or the horizontal well has a built-in heating device, and is set in the water-flooded oil and gas within the reservoir.
低于水沸点温度持续加热地层水油气开采方法，所述地层水，为天然油气藏水层内的水，或者油气储层内的侵入水，或者人工注水，或者油气储层内的侵入水和人工注水的混合物。A method for oil and gas production by continuously heating formation water at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water, the formation water is water in the water layer of a natural oil and gas reservoir, or intruded water in an oil and gas reservoir, or artificial water injection, or intrusive water in an oil and gas reservoir and Artificially watered mixture.
低于水沸点温度持续加热地层水油气开采方法，油气生产阶段，被加热地层水的温度、压力，对应点在水沸点温度压力曲线下方。如图1所示，A-B
1-C为集中热采方法，A-B
2-D
1、A-B
2-D
2为所述的低于水沸点温度持续加热地层水油气开采方法，二者水温度压力均在水沸点温度压力曲线下方，区别是，集中热采方法中B
1-C生产阶段不加热，虚线表示；后者生产阶段B
2-D生产阶段持续加持，实线表示。
In the oil and gas production method of continuously heating formation water at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water, the corresponding point of the temperature and pressure of the heated formation water in the oil and gas production stage is below the temperature and pressure curve of the boiling point of water. As shown in Figure 1, AB 1 -C is a concentrated thermal recovery method, and AB 2 -D 1 and AB 2 -D 2 are the above-mentioned continuous heating formation water oil and gas recovery methods at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water, both of which have the same water temperature and pressure Below the water boiling point temperature and pressure curve, the difference is that in the concentrated thermal recovery method, the B 1 -C production stage is not heated, which is indicated by the dotted line; the latter production stage B 2 -D production stage is continuously heated, and the solid line is indicated.
低于水沸点温度持续加热地层水油气开采方法，对于特稠油～超稠油、高凝油油藏，需先通过水平井加热器预热油藏，当油层顶部温度超过黏温拐点温度时，开始采油。Continuously heating the formation water at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water for oil and gas production. For extra-heavy to super-heavy oil and high pour point oil reservoirs, it is necessary to preheat the reservoir through a horizontal well heater. When the temperature at the top of the oil layer exceeds the viscosity-temperature inflection point , start oil production.
低于水沸点温度持续加热地层水油气开采方法，如果油气生产井的射孔井段在油气 层中上部时，以接近且低于水沸点温度持续加热地层水。The oil and gas recovery method of continuously heating formation water at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water, if the perforated well section of the oil and gas production well is in the upper middle part of the oil and gas layer, the formation water is continuously heated at a temperature close to and lower than the boiling point of water.
低于水沸点温度持续加热地层水油气开采方法，如果油气生产井的射孔井段在油气层中下部时，预热油藏温度超过原油黏温曲线右拐点温度，然后以低于水沸点温度低温持续加热地层水。Continuously heating formation water at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water for oil and gas recovery. If the perforated section of the oil and gas production well is in the middle and lower part of the oil and gas layer, the preheated reservoir temperature exceeds the temperature of the right inflection point of the viscosity-temperature curve of crude oil, and then lowers The low temperature continuously heats the formation water.
图1油气生产过程中被加热地层水温度压力变化曲线示意图Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of temperature and pressure change curve of heated formation water during oil and gas production
其中，A点为原始地层水温度压力；B点预热结束时温度压力；Among them, point A is the original formation water temperature and pressure; point B is the temperature and pressure at the end of preheating;
A-B
1-C为集中热采方法被加热地层水温度压力变化轨迹，A-B
1段为集中加热阶段，B
1-C为原油集中生产阶段，不加热；
AB 1 -C is the temperature and pressure change track of the heated formation water in the centralized thermal recovery method, the AB 1 section is the centralized heating stage, and B 1 -C is the concentrated crude oil production stage without heating;
A-B
2-D
1、A-B
2-D
2为低于水沸点温度持续加热地层水中方法，A-B
2集中预热段，B
2-D
1、B
2-D
2为采油阶段低于水沸点温度持续加持地层水温度压力变化轨迹示意曲线；
AB 2 -D 1 , AB 2 -D 2 are methods for continuously heating the formation water at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water, the concentrated preheating section of AB 2 , and B 2 -D 1 , B 2 -D 2 are methods for continuously heating the formation water at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water in the oil production stage. Support the schematic curve of the change trajectory of formation water temperature and pressure;
A-B
3-V
3、A-B
3-V
4为水沸点温度底水蒸汽驱采油气方法，B
3-V
3、B
3-V
4为底水蒸汽驱降压预备阶段，V
3、V
4点代表稳定底水蒸汽驱采油生产阶段，期间温度压力稳定；
AB 3 -V 3 , AB 3 -V 4 are bottom steam flooding oil and gas recovery methods at water boiling point temperature, B 3 -V 3 , B 3 -V 4 are preparatory stages for bottom steam flooding depressurization, V 3 and V 4 points Represents the stable bottom water steam flooding production stage, during which the temperature and pressure are stable;
图2低于水沸点温度持续加热油藏水层顶部生产关系曲线图；Fig. 2 is lower than the water boiling point temperature continuous heating reservoir water layer top production relationship curve;
图3向水层注水条件下低于水沸点温度持续加热水层顶部生产关系曲线图。Fig. 3 is a production relationship curve diagram of continuously heating the top of the water layer at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water under the condition of water injection into the water layer.
有益开发效果Beneficial development effect
低于水沸点温度持续加热地层水油气开采方法，生产过程中只有少量的底水蒸汽产生，水资源耗费少于沸点温度底水蒸汽驱采油气方法，但持续加热可弥补油藏内部热能损失，保障原油处于良好的流动状态，可有效提高油藏采收率；对水淹或者注水油气储层，利用已有的水平井加热，可节约水层钻井成本。The oil and gas recovery method of continuously heating the formation water at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water, only a small amount of bottom water vapor is generated during the production process, and the water resource consumption is less than that of the bottom water steam flooding method of the boiling point temperature, but continuous heating can make up for the heat loss inside the reservoir. Ensuring that crude oil is in a good flow state can effectively improve oil recovery; for water-flooded or water-injected oil and gas reservoirs, using existing horizontal wells to heat can save water layer drilling costs.
实施案例Implementation case
图2，在加热总能耗与集中热采方法A-B
1-C相当条件下，采油阶段低于水沸点温度持续加热采油生产关系曲线图。总体显示，能耗相当，因加热时间长，单位时间内油层温度低，原油黏度高，总采收率由53.8％下降至43％，吨油能耗由94×10
5kJ/t上升114×10
5kJ/t。
Fig. 2. Under the condition that the total energy consumption of heating is equivalent to that of the concentrated thermal recovery method AB 1 -C, the production relationship curve of continuous heating at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water during the oil recovery stage. Overall, the energy consumption is equivalent. Due to the long heating time, low reservoir temperature per unit time, and high crude oil viscosity, the total recovery rate decreased from 53.8% to 43%, and the energy consumption per ton of oil increased from 94×10 5 kJ/t to 114× 10 5 kJ/t.
图3显示，在注水补充地层能量条件下，生产阶段低于水沸点温度、高温持续加热地层水，生产效果：总采收率75.7％，吨油能耗74.6×10
5kJ/t。这说明，提高采收率是热采能耗摊销的关键因素，地层水预热结束后，生产阶段多提供的热能无预热成本但却有助力维持或提高原油流动能力，抑制延缓底水侵入，提高最终采油效果。
Figure 3 shows that under the condition of supplementing formation energy by water injection, formation water is continuously heated at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water in the production stage, and the production effect is: the total recovery rate is 75.7%, and the energy consumption per ton of oil is 74.6×10 5 kJ/t. This shows that enhanced oil recovery is the key factor for the amortization of energy consumption in thermal recovery. After the preheating of formation water is completed, the heat energy provided during the production stage has no preheating cost, but it can help maintain or improve the flow capacity of crude oil and inhibit the delay of bottom water. Invasion, improve the final oil recovery effect.
相对于水沸点温度底水蒸汽驱，采收率81～86％，吨油能耗66.7×10
5kJ/t，生产阶段低于水沸点温度持续加热地层水油气开采方法，可以作为油气藏开发的备选方案。
Compared with water steam flooding at the bottom of the water boiling point, the recovery rate is 81-86%, the energy consumption per ton of oil is 66.7×10 5 kJ/t, and the oil and gas recovery method is used to continuously heat the formation water at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water in the production stage, which can be used for oil and gas reservoir development alternatives for .
Claims (7)
- 低于水沸点温度持续加热地层水油气开采方法，其特征是，依据地层水预热结束后，生产阶段多提供的热能无预热成本却有助于提高采收率，高采收率是热采能耗摊销的关键因素，在预热油气藏及开采油气生产过程中，利用水平井以低于水沸点温度持续加热地层水，在整个油藏原油流动可采条件下停止预热油藏，然后一边开采油气，一边以低于水沸点温度继续加热地层水，直到生产结束，或者当生产井含水率达90％时停止加热，利用余热开采剩余油气，水资源耗费少，持续补充地层能量，弥补油藏内部热能损失，保障原油处于良好的流动状态，延缓底水侵入，进而提高油气藏采收率及降低吨油能耗，其中，所述水平井内置加热装置，水平井设置在油气藏水层内，靠近油水界面，或者所述水平井内置加热装置，设置在被水淹或者注水油气储层内；所述地层水，包括天然油气藏水层内的水、油气储层内的侵入水、人工注水，或者油气储层内的侵入水和人工注水的混合物；所述被加热地层水的温度、压力，对应点在水沸点温度压力曲线下方。The oil and gas recovery method of continuously heating formation water at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water is characterized in that, after the preheating of the formation water is completed, the heat energy provided in the production stage has no preheating cost but helps to improve the recovery rate. The key factor for the amortization of production energy consumption. In the process of preheating oil and gas reservoirs and exploiting oil and gas production, use horizontal wells to continuously heat the formation water at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water, and stop preheating the reservoir when the crude oil in the entire reservoir is flowing and recoverable. , and then while producing oil and gas, continue to heat the formation water at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water until the end of production, or stop heating when the water content of the production well reaches 90%, and use the waste heat to develop the remaining oil and gas, which consumes less water resources and continuously replenishes formation energy , to make up for the loss of heat energy inside the reservoir, to ensure that the crude oil is in a good flow state, to delay the invasion of bottom water, and to increase the oil recovery rate of the oil and gas reservoir and reduce the energy consumption per ton of oil. In the water reservoir layer, close to the oil-water interface, or the horizontal well has a built-in heating device, which is set in the water-flooded or water-injected oil and gas reservoir; the formation water includes water in the water layer of the natural oil and gas reservoir, and water in the oil and gas reservoir Invasive water, artificial water injection, or a mixture of intrusive water and artificial water injection in oil and gas reservoirs; the temperature and pressure of the heated formation water, the corresponding point is below the water boiling point temperature and pressure curve.
- 根据权利要求1所述的低于水沸点温度持续加热地层水油气开采方法，其特征是，油气生产过程中，加热总能耗与集中热采方法A-B1-C相当，以低于水沸点温度预热油气藏，在整个油藏原油流动可采条件下停止预热油藏，然后一边开采油气，一边以低于水沸点温度持续加热水层，直到生产结束，其中，所述A点为原始地层水温度压力；所述B点预热结束时温度压力，A-B1段为集中加热阶段，B1-C为原油集中生产阶段，不加热。According to claim 1, the continuous heating formation water oil and gas recovery method at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water is characterized in that, in the oil and gas production process, the total energy consumption of heating is equivalent to that of the concentrated thermal recovery method A-B1-C, and the temperature is lower than the boiling point of water. Temperature preheats the oil and gas reservoir, and stops preheating the oil reservoir under the condition that the crude oil flow in the entire reservoir is recoverable, and then continues to heat the water layer at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water while producing oil and gas until the end of production, wherein the point A is The temperature and pressure of the original formation water; the temperature and pressure at the end of the preheating at point B, the A-B1 section is the concentrated heating stage, and the B1-C is the crude oil concentrated production stage without heating.
- 根据权利要求1所述的低于水沸点温度持续加热地层水油气开采方法，其特征是，向被水淹或者注水油气储层内的已有水平井中设置加热装置，节约水层钻井成本。According to claim 1, the method for continuously heating formation water oil and gas production at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water is characterized in that heating devices are installed in existing horizontal wells in water-flooded or water-injected oil-gas reservoirs to save drilling costs in water layers.
- 根据权利要求2所述的低于水沸点温度持续加热地层水油气开采方法，其特征是，油气生产阶段，向所述油气藏水层注水，补充地层能量，以低于水沸点温度、高温持续加热地层水，提高原油流动能力，抑制延缓底水侵入，提高最终采油效果。According to claim 2, the method for continuously heating formation water oil and gas at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water is characterized in that, in the stage of oil and gas production, water is injected into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir to replenish formation energy, and the temperature is lower than the boiling point of water and the high temperature continues Heating formation water, improving crude oil flow capacity, inhibiting and delaying bottom water intrusion, and improving final oil recovery effect.
- 根据权利要求1所述的低于水沸点温度持续加热地层水油气开采方法，其特征是，对于特稠油～超稠油、高凝油油藏，先通过水平井加热器预热油藏，当油层顶部温度超过黏温拐点温度时，开始采油。According to claim 1, the continuous heating formation water oil and gas recovery method at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water is characterized in that, for extra-heavy oil to super-heavy oil and high pour point oil reservoirs, the reservoir is first preheated by a horizontal well heater, When the temperature at the top of the oil layer exceeds the viscosity-temperature inflection point, oil production begins.
- 根据权利要求1所述的低于水沸点温度持续加热地层水油气开采方法，其特征是，油气生产井的射孔井段在油气层中上部时，以接近且低于水沸点温度持续加热地层水。The method for continuously heating formation water oil and gas production at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water according to claim 1, wherein when the perforated section of the oil and gas production well is in the middle and upper part of the oil and gas layer, the formation is continuously heated at a temperature close to and lower than the boiling point of water water.
- 根据权利要求1所述的低于水沸点温度持续加热地层水油气开采方法，其特征是，油气生产井的射孔井段在油气层中下部时，以低于水沸点温度预热至油藏温度超过原油黏温曲线右拐点温度。The method for continuously heating formation water oil and gas production at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when the perforated section of the oil and gas production well is in the middle and lower part of the oil and gas layer, it is preheated to the oil reservoir at a temperature lower than the boiling point of water The temperature exceeds the right inflection point temperature of the viscosity-temperature curve of crude oil.
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| US4319635A (en) * | 1980-02-29 | 1982-03-16 | P. H. Jones Hydrogeology, Inc. | Method for enhanced oil recovery by geopressured waterflood |
| CN103615215A (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2014-03-05 | 于文英 | Side and bottom water layer thermal recovery method allowing electrically heating oil deposit in horizontal well |
| CN110905470A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-03-24 | 于文英 | Method for exploiting oil and gas by utilizing bottom water resources of oil and gas reservoir |
| CN114183109A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-03-15 | 北京红蓝黑能源科技有限公司 | Method for exploiting oil gas by continuously heating formation water at temperature lower than boiling point of water |
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| CN108952653A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-12-07 | 新疆博凯通益石油科技有限公司 | The thickened oil recovery method of electric heating assisted gravity oil drainage |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4319635A (en) * | 1980-02-29 | 1982-03-16 | P. H. Jones Hydrogeology, Inc. | Method for enhanced oil recovery by geopressured waterflood |
| CN103615215A (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2014-03-05 | 于文英 | Side and bottom water layer thermal recovery method allowing electrically heating oil deposit in horizontal well |
| CN110905470A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-03-24 | 于文英 | Method for exploiting oil and gas by utilizing bottom water resources of oil and gas reservoir |
| CN114183109A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-03-15 | 北京红蓝黑能源科技有限公司 | Method for exploiting oil gas by continuously heating formation water at temperature lower than boiling point of water |
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