CN116438362A - Method for producing oil gas by injecting water into water layer of oil gas reservoir - Google Patents
Method for producing oil gas by injecting water into water layer of oil gas reservoir Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 271
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 140
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010795 Steam Flooding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 62
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010793 Steam injection (oil industry) Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008398 formation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/20—Displacing by water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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Abstract
The oil and gas exploitation method for injecting water into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir is characterized in that in the oil and gas production process, water is injected into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir at a certain speed, the water shortage of the water layer is supplemented, the oil and gas exploitation driving force is enhanced, the energy shortage of the oil and gas reservoir is compensated, and the oil and gas exploitation driving force is enhanced, namely, according to the water flow characteristic and the pressure distribution characteristic of the oil and gas reservoir, the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir is injected, the potential energy of the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir is increased, so that an oil-water interface is stably propelled to the oil and gas reservoir to form integral water displacement aerodynamic force, and when the water injection speed is greater than or equal to the oil extraction air speed, or the accumulated water injection amount is greater than or equal to the difference between the accumulated oil production amount and the water storage amount in the oil and gas reservoir, the integral water displacement aerodynamic force is formed from outside to inside, and the strong water displacement is formed; otherwise, the energy deficiency of the reservoir is mainly compensated, and the weak water drive is formed.
Description
The method belongs to an oil gas exploitation method in the petroleum and natural gas energy industry.
At present, the water injection/steam exploitation oil and gas reservoirs have almost the limit of the recoverable reserve, the crude oil saturation of the residual oil enrichment area is still high, the residual oil can not be used, and finally the production well is stopped in a large area due to high water content. Analysis of the cause of ineffective water/steam injection is due to the fact that long-term water/steam injection can form a similar deep water channel environment, injected water or steam flows along the channel, the range of the swept oil gas is limited, and innovation of oil extraction aerodynamic force is needed. The method for exploiting oil and gas by utilizing the bottom water resource of the oil and gas reservoir is an energy-saving, low-cost, high-income and environment-friendly oil and gas exploitation method, and the driving direction of water injection/gasoline injection into an oil layer is changed from bottom to top by using comprehensive oil extraction aerodynamic force such as bottom water vapor flooding, bottom water hot water flooding and the like. However, this method requires a large amount of heat energy to heat the bottom water, so that the cost can be effectively amortized with high recovery ratio, and the recovery ratio is limited for the developed oil and gas reservoirs, especially the cold oil and gas reservoirs, so that a low-energy oil and gas driving method is needed.
On the other hand, in the method for exploiting the oil and gas by using the oil and gas reservoir bottom water resources, a large amount of bottom water is needed to be supplied because the bottom water and the bottom water vapor are retained in the oil and gas reservoir space, and the realization of bottom water vapor flooding or bottom water hot water flooding is difficult for the oil and gas reservoir where the bottom water does not develop.
The oil reservoir centralized thermal recovery method has less consumption of bottom water, the depressurization production mode, the centralized thermal recovery production relation curve (figure 1), the bottom water top temperature and pressure change track is shown as A-B in figure 2 1 -C curve, recovery ratio is up to 40-54%. The oil reservoir temperature is 180 ℃ at the end of production, which indicates that the crude oil has no problem in fluidity, and the production stopping is caused by no energy supplement in the oil extraction process, and the rapid pressure drop of the oil reservoir and the limited recovery of stratum energy.
Disclosure of Invention
The method is as follows: the water flow characteristic is to flow from a high potential energy region to a low potential energy region. During oil and gas exploitation, bottom water invades an oil and gas reservoir, so that the bottom water can overcome gravity and flow from a high potential energy area to a low potential energy area from bottom to top. The crow drinking stories also show that certain conditions are met, and the water interface can stably rise.
Under the condition of the original stratum, the oil-gas-water is in the same pressure system, the oil-water interface is relatively stable, the oil-gas exploitation leads to stratum energy deficit of the oil-gas reservoir, the water layer becomes a relatively high potential energy area, and the oil-water interface slowly rises but the rising speed is lower than the oil-gas exploitation speed. The phenomenon of low recovery rate at the end of primary oil recovery shows that the recovery of the pressure of the oil and gas reservoir is far from enough by simply relying on formation water.
Therefore, water is injected into the high potential energy water area, and the oil-water interface tends to push towards the oil-gas reservoir. Obviously, the integral pushing of the oil-water interface is different from the ridge or finger entering which invades the oil-gas layer like the macro suction of side water or bottom water caused by overlarge production pressure difference, the power sources of the ridge or finger entering and the oil-gas layer are different, the water line pushing mode is different, and the influence on the oil-gas production effect is also different.
A method for exploiting oil and gas features that during oil and gas production, water is injected to the water layer of oil and gas reservoir at a certain speed to supplement the water layer with insufficient water, so increasing the drive force of oil and gas exploitation, compensating the energy deficiency of oil and gas reservoir and increasing the utilization and extraction of oil and gas. The oil and gas reservoirs comprise a cold oil extraction gas reservoir and various oil and gas reservoirs thermally extracted by heating a water layer; the water layer comprises a side water layer and a bottom water layer.
The water injection into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir is particularly important for the oil and gas reservoir which does not develop in the water layer, and the injection water can be in various forms, can be surface water, can be stratum water outside the oil and gas reservoir, or can be produced water in oil and gas production, or can be a multiphase fluid mixture, can be cold water or hot water, and is not limited by the list.
In the oil and gas exploitation method for injecting water into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir, for the cold oil and gas reservoir, water can be directly injected into the bottom water layer, or water can be injected while heating the water layer; and for a hot oil extraction gas reservoir, water can only be injected into the gas reservoir without heating the water layer in the oil extraction stage, or water can be injected while heating the water layer in the oil extraction stage.
And (3) injecting water into the water layer of the oil-gas reservoir, wherein the water injection speed is greater than or equal to the oil extraction speed, or the total water injection amount is greater than or equal to the difference between the accumulated oil production amount and the water storage amount of the oil-gas reservoir, so as to form a strong water drive, otherwise, the energy deficiency of the reservoir is mainly compensated, and a weak water drive is formed.
Water is injected into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir, and the water temperature can be divided into the following three types: less than or equal to the formation temperature of crude oil, below the boiling point temperature of water, and in a boiling state of water. According to different water temperatures, the oil gas exploitation method for injecting water into the water layer of the oil gas reservoir has different oil displacement aerodynamic performances: cold mining and water injection, wherein the driving aerodynamic force takes water driving as a main part and pressure driving as an auxiliary part; heating at a low boiling point temperature and injecting water, wherein the oil displacement aerodynamic force is mainly driven by bottom water and hot water, and is assisted by bottom water and steam driving and reservoir elastic pressure driving; heating at the boiling point temperature of water and injecting water, wherein the oil displacement aerodynamic force is mainly driven by bottom water vapor, and the bottom water hot water drive and the reservoir elastic pressure drive are auxiliary; the side water oil-gas reservoir is mainly driven by side water and cold water or side water and hot water, and is assisted by steam and pressure.
FIG. 1 centralized thermal recovery A-B 1 -C production relationship graph
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the temperature and pressure variation trace of bottom water in different thermal recovery modes
FIG. 3A-B 2 -V 3 Bottom water heating at high temperature below water boiling point temperature and water injection production relation graph
FIG. 4A-B 2 -V 4 Low-temperature heating bottom water below boiling point temperature of water and water injection production relation graph
FIG. 5A-B 3 -V 1 Water boiling point temperature low-temperature heating bottom water and water injection production relation graph
FIG. 6A-B 3 -V 2 Water boiling point temperature high-temperature heating bottom water and water injection production relation graph
Wherein,
the point A is the original stratum temperature and pressure, the section A-B is an oil reservoir preheating stage, and the section B-C, B-V is an oil extraction stage, wherein the solid line is used for heating stratum water in production, and the dotted line is used for not heating stratum water in production;
fig. 3 to 6 show heating of bottom water and water injection during oil recovery, and the injection ratio is 1: 1.
The oil and gas extraction method for injecting water into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir can be independently or parallelly used for oil and gas extraction of various oil and gas reservoirs by steam driving and pressure driving: the bottom water is heated at a low boiling point temperature and injected or is independently injected to form a bottom water drive, so that innovative oil extraction aerodynamic force with low cost and high benefit is provided for an oil and gas reservoir, especially a cold oil extraction gas reservoir, entering the middle and later stages in a development stage, and the existing oil and gas drive method can be replaced; providing a bottom water vapor drive and a plurality of development modes which are lower than the boiling point temperature of water and mainly use the bottom water vapor drive for the oil and gas reservoirs, in particular to the oil and gas reservoirs with insufficient bottom water resources; sufficient bottom water resources are provided for energy-saving and delayed heating of stratum water by a bottom water vapor flooding oil extraction method, vapor flooding is assisted, and oil and gas reservoir recovery ratio is improved.
Taking a bottom water thermal recovery method for heating a certain heavy oil reservoir as an example, the digital-analog result shows that the oil reservoir top temperature is preheated to 100 ℃ to start oil recovery. The centralized thermal recovery method is not heated during oil recovery, the recovery ratio is 34 percent, and the electricity cost per ton of oil is 1388 yuan per ton; heating without injecting water during oil extraction, and harvesting to 45%; heating and injecting water during oil extraction, the recovery ratio is 62-75%, the electricity cost is 1140-1369 yuan/ton, the steam flooding water injection is carried out at the water boiling point temperature, the recovery ratio is 81-86%, the electricity cost per ton oil is reduced to 950-1194 yuan/ton, and compared with the condition without water injection, the recovery ratio can be improved by 28-52% under the water injection condition, and the electricity cost per ton oil is reduced by 20-37%. Therefore, the method for injecting oil and gas into the water layer of the oil and gas reservoir can practically improve the oil reservoir utilization degree and the oil extraction degree, and the electric charge cost of ton oil is reduced along with the improvement of the recovery ratio.
Description of the preferred embodiments
For comparison, the pre-heating oil layer in the embodiment case has consistent conditions, is heated to the oil top temperature of 100 ℃, then water injection is started, heating oil extraction is continued, and the extraction ratio is 1:1, the temperature and pressure change track of the top of the water layer is shown in figure 2.
Case one: A-B 2 -V 4 Heating the bottom water at a low temperature below the boiling point of water and injecting water (FIG. 4) toThe hot water flooding of the bottom water is mainly used, the recovery ratio is 62%, the electricity charge per ton of oil is 1369 yuan/ton, and the energy consumption per ton of oil is 96 multiplied by 10 5 kJ/t。
Case two: A-B 2 -V 3 The bottom water is heated at a high temperature below the boiling point of water and injected with water (figure 3), the water flooding of the bottom water is mainly performed, the steam flooding effect of the bottom water is increased, the fluidity of the high-temperature crude oil is increased, the recovery ratio is increased to 75%, the water flooding condition is increased by 30%, and the energy consumption per ton of oil is 80 multiplied by 10 5 kJ/t。
Case three: A-B 3 -V 1 The water boiling point temperature heats the bottom water at low temperature and fills water (figure 5), the bottom water steam flooding action is taken as the main part, the bottom water hot water flooding and the reservoir elastic pressure flooding are taken as the auxiliary parts, the recovery ratio is 81%, the electricity cost per ton of oil is 950 yuan per ton, and the energy consumption per ton of oil is 67 multiplied by 10 5 kJ/t。
Case four: A-B 3 -V 2 The water boiling point temperature heats the bottom water at high temperature and fills water (figure 6), the bottom water steam flooding action is taken as the main part, the bottom water hot water flooding and the reservoir elastic pressure flooding are taken as the auxiliary parts, the recovery ratio is 86%, the electricity cost per ton oil is 1194 yuan/ton, and the energy consumption per ton oil is 84 multiplied by 10 5 kJ/t。
The above cases show that the bottom water temperature, the bottom water driving force, namely the bottom water hot water drive and the bottom water steam drive play a vital role in improving the recovery ratio of the oil reservoir, and each acting force can play a positive role in oil and gas exploitation independently or by combining the acting forces.
Claims (8)
- A method for exploiting oil and gas features that during oil and gas production, water is injected to the water layer of oil and gas reservoir at a certain speed to supplement the water layer with insufficient water, increase the drive force of oil and gas exploitation, compensate the energy deficiency of oil and gas reservoir and increase the oil and gas utilization and extraction rate,the oil and gas reservoirs comprise cold oil and gas reservoirs and various oil and gas reservoirs thermally mined by heating a water layer; the water layer comprises a side water layer and a bottom water layer; the water injection mode is various, and the water injection mode can be surface water, stratum water outside an oil and gas reservoir, or oil and gas production recovery water, or multiphase fluid mixture can be cold water or hot water, wherein for a cold oil and gas reservoir, water can be directly injected into a bottom water layer, or water can be injected while heating the water layer; for a thermal oil and gas reservoir, only hot water can be injected or water can be injected while heating a water layer;the enhanced oil and gas exploitation driving force is characterized in that water is injected into an oil and gas reservoir water layer according to water flow characteristics and oil and gas reservoir pressure distribution characteristics, potential energy of the oil and gas reservoir water layer is increased, an oil-water interface is stably pushed into the oil and gas reservoir to form integral water displacement aerodynamic force, and when the water injection speed is greater than or equal to the oil extraction gas speed or the accumulated water injection quantity is greater than or equal to the difference between accumulated oil production and water storage in the oil and gas reservoir, integral water displacement aerodynamic force from outside to inside is formed to form strong water displacement; otherwise, the energy deficiency of the reservoir is mainly compensated, and the weak water drive is formed.
- A method of producing water from a hydrocarbon reservoir in accordance with claim 1 wherein water is injected into said side water reservoir by side water chilling or side water chilling and steam flooding and pressure flooding are used as the assistance.
- The method of producing hydrocarbon by injecting water into a hydrocarbon reservoir water layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the strong water drive formation conditions:beginning water injection at the initial stage of oil production, wherein the water injection speed is greater than or equal to the oil and gas production speed, orThe total water injection amount is larger than or equal to the difference between the accumulated oil production amount of the oil and gas reservoir and the water storage amount of the oil and gas reservoir.
- The method of producing water from a hydrocarbon reservoir by injecting water into a hydrocarbon reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weak water drives to compensate for the energy deficit of the reservoir, the following conditions are formed:the water injection speed is less than the oil extraction gas speed, orThe total water injection amount is smaller than the difference between the accumulated oil extraction amount of the oil and gas reservoir and the water storage amount of the oil and gas reservoir.
- The method of producing oil and gas by injecting water into an oil and gas reservoir water layer according to claim 1, wherein cold oil and gas reservoir water layer is injected, cold water or hot water is directly injected, and the driving aerodynamic force is mainly cold water driving or hot water driving and the pressure driving is auxiliary; or,the water layer is heated while water is injected, and the oil displacement pneumatic force mainly comprises hot water displacement, steam displacement and pressure displacement.
- The method of producing oil and gas by injecting water into an oil and gas reservoir water layer according to claim 1, wherein the water layer is heated to heat the oil and gas reservoir water layer, the water layer is not heated in the oil production process, only hot water can be injected, the water temperature is less than or equal to the temperature of a crude oil stratum, the oil displacement power is mainly a cold water drive or a hot water drive, and the pressure drive and the steam drive are auxiliary.
- The method for recovering oil and gas by injecting water into an oil and gas reservoir water layer according to claim 1, wherein the water layer is heated and injected with water during oil and gas recovery by heating the water layer, cold water or hot water is injected, the water temperature is lower than the boiling point temperature, the driving aerodynamic force is mainly hot water driving, and the steam driving and the reservoir elastic pressure driving are assisted.
- The method for recovering oil and gas by injecting water into an oil and gas reservoir water layer according to claim 1, wherein the water layer is heated and injected with water in the process of heating the water layer to thermally extract the oil and gas reservoir water layer, cold water or hot water is injected, the boiling point temperature of water continuously heats the water layer, the driving aerodynamic force is mainly steam driving and hot water driving, and the reservoir elastic pressure driving is auxiliary.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111305187.2A CN114016979A (en) | 2021-11-05 | 2021-11-05 | Oil and gas exploitation method for injecting water into water layer of oil and gas reservoir |
| CN2021113051872 | 2021-11-05 | ||
| PCT/CN2022/130111 WO2023078433A1 (en) | 2021-11-05 | 2022-11-04 | Oil and gas exploitation method by injecting water into oil and gas reservoir water layer |
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| CN202280006070.0A Pending CN116438362A (en) | 2021-11-05 | 2022-11-04 | Method for producing oil gas by injecting water into water layer of oil gas reservoir |
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| CN1271315C (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2006-08-23 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Polymer displaced steam injecting hot oil deposit exploiting method |
| CN1271314C (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2006-08-23 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Water displaced steam injecting hot masout exploiting method |
| CN100398779C (en) * | 2006-04-17 | 2008-07-02 | 尤尼斯油气技术（中国）有限公司 | Hot air filling balance oil recovery technique 'zhanqian' mountain oil reservoir |
| AU2013200986B2 (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2014-11-13 | Bp Corporation North America Inc. | Hydrocarbon recovery process |
| US8555970B2 (en) * | 2009-05-20 | 2013-10-15 | Conocophillips Company | Accelerating the start-up phase for a steam assisted gravity drainage operation using radio frequency or microwave radiation |
| CN103615215A (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2014-03-05 | 于文英 | Side and bottom water layer thermal recovery method allowing electrically heating oil deposit in horizontal well |
| US9719009B2 (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2017-08-01 | King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals | Oil recovery processes at high salinity carbonate reservoirs |
| CN205532555U (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2016-08-31 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Well pattern structure |
| CN110905470B (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-11-02 | 于文英 | Method for exploiting oil and gas by utilizing bottom water resources of oil and gas reservoir |
| CN112240184B (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-06-03 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and system for improving recovery ratio by three-dimensional displacement of low-permeability tight oil reservoir |
| CN112855079B (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2023-01-17 | 北京红蓝黑能源科技有限公司 | Immersed horizontal well electric heater for heating formation water |
| CN114016979A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-02-08 | 北京红蓝黑能源科技有限公司 | Oil and gas exploitation method for injecting water into water layer of oil and gas reservoir |
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