WO2023078066A1 - 电池、用电装置、检测方法和检测模块 - Google Patents

电池、用电装置、检测方法和检测模块 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023078066A1
WO2023078066A1 PCT/CN2022/125521 CN2022125521W WO2023078066A1 WO 2023078066 A1 WO2023078066 A1 WO 2023078066A1 CN 2022125521 W CN2022125521 W CN 2022125521W WO 2023078066 A1 WO2023078066 A1 WO 2023078066A1
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Prior art keywords
electrode
electrode terminal
single battery
casing
battery
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2022/125521
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴桂森
谭宏娟
李伟
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Priority to EP22889091.9A priority Critical patent/EP4354590A1/en
Publication of WO2023078066A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023078066A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/488—Cells or batteries combined with indicating means for external visualization of the condition, e.g. by change of colour or of light density
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/569—Constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a single battery, a battery, an electrical device, a detection method and a detection module.
  • the present application provides a single battery, a battery, an electrical device, a detection method and a detection module, which can accurately detect the electrification of the electrode terminals in the single battery.
  • the present application provides a single battery, including: a casing having a wall and a housing cavity surrounded by the wall; an electrode assembly located in the housing and connected to a first electrode terminal and a second electrode terminal; The third electrode is arranged on the wall; the signal line includes a first signal line connecting the third electrode and the first electrode terminal and a second signal line connecting the third electrode and the second electrode terminal.
  • the single battery includes a housing, an electrode assembly located in the housing, a third electrode and a signal line located on the housing.
  • the signal line includes a first signal line and a second signal line, the first signal line is used to connect the first electrode terminal and the third electrode of the electrode assembly, so as to be able to obtain the electrification of the first electrode terminal; the second signal line is used to connect the second electrode terminal and the third electrode, so as to obtain the charging condition of the second electrode terminal.
  • the third electrode is directly arranged on the wall of the casing, and the arrangement method is simple, which is convenient for connecting the first signal line and the second signal line to the third electrode.
  • the first signal line is used to collect the differential pressure signal between the first electrode terminal and the third electrode
  • the second signal line is used to collect the differential pressure signal between the second electrode terminal and the third electrode.
  • the casing includes conductive material and is multiplexed as a third electrode, the first signal line is connected to the casing and the first electrode terminal, and the second signal line is connected to the casing and the second electrode terminal.
  • the shell usually includes a non-corrodible conductive material, so that the third electrode is not easily corroded, and the detection result is more accurate.
  • the wall part includes a housing with an opening and an end cap covering the opening, the end cap is reused as a third electrode, the first signal line connects the end cap and the first electrode terminal, and the second signal line Connect the end cap and the second electrode terminal.
  • the structure of the single battery can be further simplified.
  • the sampling part is usually arranged outside the end cover, and the first signal line and the second signal line are also connected to the sampling part.
  • the end cover is reused as the third electrode. On the other hand, it also facilitates the connection of the first signal line, the second signal line and the sampling component.
  • the wall portion includes a housing with an opening and an end cap covering the opening, and the third electrode is disposed on a side of the end cap facing away from the accommodating cavity. It facilitates the connection of the third electrode and the first signal line and the second signal line.
  • the embodiments of the present application further provide a battery, including the single battery in any one of the above embodiments.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides an electric device, the electric device includes the above-mentioned battery, and the battery is used to provide electric energy.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a detection method, including:
  • a single battery includes an electrode assembly and a third electrode, the electrode assembly includes a first electrode terminal and a second electrode terminal, and the first electrode terminal is a negative terminal;
  • the third electrode as a reference electrode, the voltage difference between the first electrode terminal and the third electrode can be obtained, that is, the voltage difference between the negative terminal and the third electrode can be obtained, according to the
  • the differential pressure can determine the setting parameters of the single cell and determine the performance of the single cell.
  • the single battery further includes a casing, the electrode assembly is located in the casing, and the casing is reused as a third electrode; in the step of obtaining the voltage difference between the first electrode terminal and the third electrode: obtaining a preset time The first differential pressure between the first electrode terminal and the casing that is not in the charging and discharging state within the period; in the step of determining the setting parameters of the single battery according to the differential pressure: within a preset time period, the first differential pressure When descending, it was determined that the casing was corroded. By reusing the casing as a third electrode, the corrosion of the casing can be determined from the pressure difference between the third electrode and the negative terminal.
  • the detection method of the embodiment of the present application can not only point out that the single battery has a fault, but also can determine that the type of the fault is corrosion of the casing, and can reduce the risk of thermal runaway of the single battery.
  • the step of determining the setting parameters of the single battery according to the pressure difference within a preset period of time, when the first pressure difference is less than or equal to the first voltage threshold, it is determined that the corrosion of the casing is serious, Send an alarm signal.
  • the first differential pressure and the first voltage threshold it can be determined whether the corrosion of the casing is serious, and an alarm signal is sent when the corrosion of the casing is serious, so that the user can know the corrosion of the casing in time to improve the safety performance of the single battery.
  • the step of obtaining the voltage difference between the first electrode terminal and the third electrode obtaining the second voltage difference between the first electrode terminal and the third electrode in the charging state;
  • the step of setting the parameters of the single battery when the second voltage difference is less than or equal to the second voltage threshold, it is determined that lithium deposition occurs at the first electrode terminal.
  • the second voltage threshold By comparing the second voltage threshold with the second voltage difference in the charging state, it can be determined whether lithium precipitation occurs at the negative terminal.
  • the detection method of the embodiment of the present application can not only indicate that a single battery has failed, but also can determine that the type of failure is lithium deposition at the negative terminal, which can reduce the risk of thermal runaway of the single battery.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a detection module for a single battery, the single battery includes an electrode assembly and a third electrode, the electrode assembly includes a first electrode terminal and a second electrode terminal, and the first electrode terminal is a negative terminal , the detection module includes: an acquisition unit, used to acquire the pressure difference between the first electrode terminal and the third electrode; a processing unit, used to determine the setting parameters of the single battery according to the pressure difference.
  • the acquisition unit can acquire the voltage difference between the first electrode terminal and the third electrode, that is, the voltage difference between the negative terminal and the third electrode.
  • the processing unit can determine the setting parameters of the single battery according to the pressure difference, and determine the performance of the single battery.
  • the single battery further includes a housing, the electrode assembly is located in the housing, and the housing is reused as a third electrode; the acquisition unit is used to acquire the first data of the single battery that is not in the charging and discharging state within a preset time period.
  • a first differential pressure between the electrode terminal and the casing; the processing unit is configured to determine that the casing is corroded when the first differential pressure drops within a preset time period.
  • the processing unit can determine the corrosion condition of the casing according to the pressure difference between the third electrode and the negative terminal. When the first differential pressure drops, it indicates that there is charge transfer between the negative terminal and the casing under the condition of no charging and discharging, and the casing is corroded.
  • the detection module of this embodiment can not only point out that the single battery has a fault, but also can determine that the type of the fault is corrosion of the casing, which can reduce the risk of thermal runaway of the single battery.
  • the processing unit is further configured to determine that the casing is seriously corroded and send an alarm signal when the first differential pressure is less than or equal to the first voltage threshold.
  • the processing unit can determine whether the corrosion of the casing is serious by comparing the first differential pressure with the first voltage threshold, and sends an alarm signal when the corrosion of the casing is serious, so that the user can know the corrosion of the casing in time to improve the safety performance of the single battery.
  • the obtaining unit is further used to obtain the second voltage difference between the first electrode terminal and the third electrode of the single battery in the charging state, and the processing unit is also used to obtain the second voltage difference when the second voltage difference is less than or equal to the second voltage difference.
  • the processing unit can determine whether lithium precipitation occurs at the negative terminal by comparing the second voltage threshold with the second voltage difference in the charging state.
  • the detection module of the embodiment of the present application can not only point out that a single battery has failed, but also can determine that the type of failure is lithium deposition at the negative terminal, which can reduce the risk of thermal runaway of the single battery.
  • the arrangement of the third electrode can be simplified, and the structure of the single battery can be simplified.
  • Connecting the third electrode and the first electrode terminal through the first signal line can obtain the electrification of the first electrode terminal, and connecting the third electrode and the second electrode terminal through the second signal line can obtain the electrification of the second electrode terminal, so as to accurately Determine whether the single battery is faulty.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a single battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a single battery provided in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a detection method for a single battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a graph showing the differential pressure of a single battery in an uncharged and discharged state provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a graph showing the differential pressure of a single battery in a charged state provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a detection module of a single battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic flowchart of a detection method for a single battery provided in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic flowchart of a detection method for a single battery provided in another embodiment of the present application.
  • Vehicle 10. Battery, 11. Controller, 12. Motor;
  • Battery module 21.
  • Single battery 21a, shell, 21aa, wall; 211, end cover, 211a, first electrode terminal, 211b, second electrode terminal, 212, casing, 213, electrode assembly, 214 , accommodating cavity, 215, third electrode, 216, signal line, 216a, first signal line, 216b, second signal line;
  • Box body 301, first box body part, 302, second box body part;
  • a detection module 401.
  • An acquisition unit 402.
  • a processing unit 402.
  • connection In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the technical terms “installation”, “connection”, “connection”, “fixation” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, or It can be a detachable connection, or integrated; it can also be a mechanical connection, it can also be an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction of two components relation. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application according to specific situations.
  • the first feature may be in direct contact with the first feature or the second feature "on” or “under” the second feature. Indirect contact through intermediaries.
  • “above”, “above” and “above” the first feature on the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • “Below”, “beneath” and “beneath” the first feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less horizontally than the second feature.
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydraulic, thermal, wind and solar power plants, but also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, as well as military equipment and aerospace and other fields . With the continuous expansion of power battery application fields, its market demand is also constantly expanding.
  • the single battery may include a lithium-ion battery, a lithium-sulfur single battery, a sodium-ion single battery, or a magnesium-ion single battery, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the single battery can be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more single cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack, and the like.
  • Batteries generally include a case for enclosing one or more individual cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the single battery.
  • a single battery includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly includes a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and a separator.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector;
  • the positive electrode current collector includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode lug connected to the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode current collector It is coated with a positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode tab is not coated with a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum
  • the positive electrode active material layer includes the positive electrode active material
  • the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector;
  • the negative electrode current collector includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode tab connected to the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode current collector The negative electrode active material layer is coated, and the negative electrode tab is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper, the negative electrode active material layer includes the negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the material of the spacer can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene).
  • the reference electrode is usually arranged between two pole pieces.
  • the reference electrode is a copper wire coated with lithium metal, and the reference electrode is implanted into the laminated electrode assembly.
  • the operation of inserting the reference electrode into the electrode assembly itself is relatively complicated, and considering the problem that metal lithium is easily oxidized, it is necessary to insert the reference electrode into the electrode assembly in a closed environment, which makes the manufacture of single cells complicated and difficult.
  • the reference electrode can be arranged on the casing of the single battery, for example, the casing of the single battery can be reused as the reference electrode.
  • the inventor in order to solve the complex structure of the single battery and to obtain the voltage of the two electrode terminals in the single battery, the inventor has designed a single battery after in-depth research.
  • the third electrode is arranged on the casing of the single battery, which can simplify the structure of the single battery, and according to the pressure difference between the third electrode and the two electrode terminals, the battery can be obtained.
  • the voltage across the two electrode terminals in a battery is arranged on the casing of the single battery, which can simplify the structure of the single battery, and according to the pressure difference between the third electrode and the two electrode terminals, the battery can be obtained.
  • Electric devices can be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and electric tools, and so on.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles;
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spacecraft, etc.;
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys and electric airplane toys, etc.;
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, electric planers, and more.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not impose special limitations on the above-mentioned electrical devices.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1 is provided with a battery 10 , and the battery 10 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 10 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 .
  • the vehicle 1 may also include a controller 11 and a motor 12.
  • the controller 11 is used to control the battery 10 to supply power to the motor 12, for example, for the starting, navigation and working power requirements of the vehicle 1 during driving.
  • the battery 10 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 may include a plurality of single cells, and a single cell refers to the smallest unit forming a battery module or a battery pack.
  • a plurality of single cells 21 may be connected in series and/or in parallel via electrode terminals for various applications.
  • the batteries mentioned in this application include battery modules or battery packs. Wherein, a plurality of single cells may be connected in series, in parallel or in combination, and the combination refers to a mixture of series and parallel.
  • the battery 10 may also be called a battery pack.
  • a plurality of single cells may directly form a battery pack, or may first form a battery module, and then form a battery pack from the battery module.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a battery 10 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery includes a box body 30 and a single battery (not shown in the figure), and the single battery is accommodated in the box body 30 .
  • the box body 30 may be a simple three-dimensional structure such as a single cuboid, cylinder or sphere, or a complex three-dimensional structure composed of simple three-dimensional structures such as a cuboid, cylinder or sphere, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the material of the box body 30 can be such as alloy materials such as aluminum alloy, iron alloy, also can be as polymer material such as polycarbonate, polyisocyanurate foamed plastics, or be the composite material such as glass fiber plus epoxy resin, The embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • the box body 30 is used to accommodate the single battery, and the box body 30 may have various structures.
  • the box body 30 may include a first box body part 301 and a second box body part 302, the first box body part 301 and the second box body part 302 cover each other, the first box body part 301 and the second box body part 302
  • the two box parts 302 jointly define an accommodating space for accommodating the single battery.
  • the second box part 302 can be a hollow structure with an open end, the first box part 301 is a plate-shaped structure, and the first box part 301 covers the opening side of the second box part 302 to form a container with accommodating space.
  • the casing 30; the first casing portion 301 and the second casing portion 302 can also be a hollow structure with one side opening, and the opening side of the first casing portion 301 is covered on the opening side of the second casing portion 302, To form a box body 30 with a containing space.
  • the first box body part 301 and the second box body part 302 can be in various shapes, such as cylinders, cuboids and the like.
  • a sealing member may also be provided between the first box body part 301 and the second box body part 302, such as sealant, sealing ring, etc. .
  • the first box part 301 covers the top of the second box part 302
  • the first box part 301 can also be called the upper box cover
  • the second box part 302 can also be called the casing.
  • the battery 10 there may be one unit battery, or there may be a plurality of them. If there are multiple single cells, the multiple single cells can be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel.
  • the mixed connection means that there are both series and parallel connections among the multiple single cells.
  • a plurality of single cells can be directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole of the plurality of single cells is accommodated in the box body 30;
  • the battery modules 20 are formed by series connection, and multiple battery modules 20 are connected in series or in parallel or in series to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box body 30 .
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a battery module 20 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the multiple single batteries 21 are firstly connected in series, in parallel or in parallel to form the battery module 20 .
  • a plurality of battery modules 20 are connected in series, in parallel or in parallel to form a whole, and accommodated in the case 30 .
  • the plurality of single cells 21 in the battery module 20 can be electrically connected through a bus component, so as to realize parallel connection, series connection or mixed connection of the plurality of single cells 21 in the battery module 20 .
  • the single battery 21 may include a lithium ion single battery 21 , a sodium ion battery or a magnesium ion battery, etc., which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the single battery 21 may be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the single cells 21 are generally divided into three types according to the way of packaging: cylindrical single cells 21 , square square single cells 21 and soft pack single cells 21 , which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application. However, for the sake of brevity, the following embodiments all take the square unit battery 21 as an example for illustration.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a single battery 21 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the single cell 21 refers to the smallest unit constituting a battery.
  • the single battery 21 includes an end cap 211 , a casing 212 and an electrode assembly 213 .
  • the end cap 211 refers to a component that covers the opening of the casing 212 to isolate the internal environment of the unit battery 21 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the end cap 211 can be adapted to the shape of the housing 212 to fit the housing 212 .
  • the end cap 211 can be made of a material (such as aluminum alloy) with a certain hardness and strength, so that the end cap 211 is not easily deformed when being squeezed and collided, so that the single battery 21 can have a higher Structural strength and safety performance can also be improved.
  • Functional components such as the first electrode terminal 211 a and the second electrode terminal 211 b may be disposed on the end cap 211 .
  • the first electrode terminal 211 a and the second electrode terminal 211 b may be used to be electrically connected with the electrode assembly 213 for outputting or inputting electric energy of the unit cell 21 .
  • the end cover 211 may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism for releasing the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the single battery 21 reaches a threshold value.
  • the material of the end cap 211 may also be various, for example, copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not particularly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • an insulator can be provided inside the end cover 211 , and the insulator can be used to isolate the electrical connection components in the housing 212 from the end cover 211 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the insulating member may be plastic, rubber or the like.
  • the casing 212 is a component for mating with the end cap 211 to form the internal environment of the unit battery 21 , wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the electrode assembly 213 , electrolyte (not shown in the figure) and other components.
  • the housing 212 and the end cover 211 may be independent components, and an opening may be provided on the housing 212 , and the internal environment of the unit battery 21 is formed by covering the opening with the end cover 211 .
  • the end cover 211 and the housing 212 can also be integrated. Specifically, the end cover 211 and the housing 212 can form a common connection surface before other components are inserted into the housing.
  • the housing 212 can be in various shapes and sizes, such as cuboid, cylinder, hexagonal prism and so on. Specifically, the shape of the casing 212 may be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode assembly 213 .
  • the housing 212 can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not particularly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the electrode assembly 213 is a part where an electrochemical reaction occurs in the unit cell 21 .
  • One or more electrode assemblies 213 may be contained within the case 212 .
  • the electrode assembly 213 is mainly formed by winding or laminating the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, and usually a separator is provided between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
  • the parts of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet with the active material constitute the main body of the electrode assembly, and the parts of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet without the active material each constitute tabs (not shown in the figure).
  • the positive pole tab and the negative pole tab can be located at one end of the main body together or at two ends of the main body respectively.
  • the positive active material and the negative active material react with the electrolyte, and the tabs are connected to the electrode terminals to form a current loop.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a single battery 21 provided in another embodiment of the present application.
  • the unit battery 21 provided by some embodiments of the present application includes: a casing 21a having a wall portion 21aa and a housing cavity 214 surrounded by the wall portion 21aa; an electrode assembly 213 located in the housing cavity 214 and connect the first electrode terminal 211a and the second electrode terminal 211b; the third electrode 215 is arranged on the wall portion 21aa; the signal line 216 includes the first signal line 216a connecting the third electrode 215 and the first electrode terminal 211a and the first signal line 216a connecting the second electrode terminal 211a; The third electrode 215 and the second signal line 216b of the second electrode terminal 211b.
  • the electrode assembly 213 includes a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet, the positive electrode sheet is provided with a positive electrode ear, and the negative electrode sheet is provided with a negative electrode ear, the first electrode terminal 211a is connected to one of the positive electrode ear and the negative electrode ear, and the second electrode terminal 211b is connected to the positive electrode ear and the negative electrode the other in the ear.
  • the first electrode terminal 211a is connected to the negative tab as a negative terminal
  • the second electrode terminal 211b is connected to the positive tab as a positive terminal.
  • the third electrode 215 is a reference electrode
  • the first signal line 216a is connected to the third electrode 215 and the first electrode terminal 211a
  • the first signal line 216a is used to obtain a differential pressure signal between the first electrode terminal 211a and the third electrode 215
  • the second signal line 216b is used to obtain the differential pressure signal between the second electrode terminal 211b and the third electrode 215 and the third electrode 215 and the second electrode terminal 211b.
  • the first electrode terminal 211a, the second electrode terminal 211b and the casing 212 are insulated from each other, and the first electrode terminal 211a, the second electrode terminal 211b and the third electrode 215 are insulated from each other.
  • the first signal line 216a can be a complete line, or the first signal line 216a can include two sub-signal lines, for example, a voltage detection device is arranged between the two sub-signal lines, and one end of the voltage detection device is connected to the second sub-signal line through a sub-signal line.
  • One electrode terminal 211a is connected, and the other end of the voltage detection device is connected to the third electrode 215 through another sub-signal line, so that the voltage detection device can obtain the first electrode terminal 211a and the third electrode terminal 211a through the two sub-signal lines of the first signal line 216a.
  • the setting method of the second signal line 216b is similar to that of the first signal line 216a, and will not be repeated here.
  • the single battery includes a casing 21a, an electrode assembly 213 inside the casing 21a, a third electrode 215 and a signal line 216 on the casing 21a.
  • the signal line 216 includes a first signal line 216a and a second signal line 216b, the first signal line 216a is used to connect the first electrode terminal 211a and the third electrode 215 of the electrode assembly 213, so as to be able to obtain the electrification of the first electrode terminal 211a ;
  • the second signal line 216b is used to connect the second electrode terminal 211b and the third electrode 215, so as to be able to obtain the charging condition of the second electrode terminal 211b.
  • the third electrode 215 is directly disposed on the wall portion 21aa of the casing 21a in a simple manner, which is convenient for connecting the first signal line 216a and the second signal line 216b to the third electrode 215 .
  • the shell 21a includes a conductive material and is reused as a third electrode 215, the first signal line 216a connects the shell 21a and the first electrode terminal 211a, and the second signal line 216b connects the shell 21a and the second electrode terminal 211b.
  • the housing 212 includes such materials as aluminum alloy, so that the housing 212 can conduct electricity.
  • the housing 212 and the first electrode terminal can be obtained through the first signal line 216a.
  • the second signal line 216b connects the casing 21a and the second electrode terminal 211b, the voltage difference between the casing 212 and the second electrode terminal 211b can be obtained through the second signal line 216b.
  • the shell 21a usually includes a non-corrodible conductive material, so that the third electrode 215 is not easy to corrode, so that the detection result is more accurate.
  • the wall portion 21aa includes a housing 212 having an opening and an end cover 211 covering the opening. That is, the housing 21 a includes a housing 212 and an end cover 211 .
  • the end cap 211 is multiplexed as the third electrode 215, the first signal line 216a is connected to the end cap 211 and the first electrode terminal 211a, and the second signal line 216b is connected to the end cap 211 and the second electrode terminal 211b.
  • 4 shows the position of the third electrode 215 on the end cover 211 with a dotted line, and the dotted line is not enough to limit the structure of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the end cap 211 includes conductive materials, for example, the end cap 211 includes conductive materials such as aluminum alloy and aluminum metal.
  • the first signal connects the end cap 211 and the first electrode terminal 211a
  • the pressure difference between the end cap 211 and the first electrode terminal 211a can be obtained through the first signal line 216a.
  • the second signal line 216b is connected to the end cap 211 and the second electrode terminal 211b
  • the voltage difference between the end cap 211 and the second electrode terminal 211b can be obtained through the second signal line 216b.
  • the structure of the single battery can be further simplified.
  • the sampling part is usually arranged outside the end cap 211, and the first signal line 216a and the second signal line 216b are also connected to the sampling part.
  • the end cap 211 is reused as the third electrode 215.
  • the connection between the wire 216b and the third electrode 215 also facilitates the connection between the first signal wire 216a, the second signal wire 216b and the sampling component.
  • the third electrode 215 is disposed on a side of the end cover 211 away from the accommodating cavity 214 .
  • the third electrode 215 is welded on the side of the end cap 211 away from the receiving cavity 214 to facilitate the connection of the third electrode 215 to the first signal line 216a and the second signal line 216b.
  • the present application also provides a battery, including the single battery described in any solution above.
  • the present application also provides an electric device, including the battery described in any of the above schemes, and the battery is used to provide electric energy for the electric device.
  • the electric device may be any of the aforementioned devices or systems using batteries.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a detection method for a single battery provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the single battery can be the single battery shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 .
  • the detection method provided by the present application includes:
  • Step S01 Provide a single battery 21, the single battery 21 includes an electrode assembly 213 and a third electrode 215, the electrode assembly 213 includes a first electrode terminal 211a and a second electrode terminal 211b, the first electrode terminal 211a is a negative terminal.
  • the single battery 21 may be the single battery 21 in any of the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • Step S02 Obtain the voltage difference between the first electrode terminal 211 a and the third electrode 215 .
  • the first electrode terminal 211a and the third electrode 215 can be connected by the first signal line 216a, and the voltage difference between the first electrode terminal 211a and the third electrode 215 can be obtained through the first signal line 216a.
  • Step S03 Determine the setting parameters of the single battery 21 according to the pressure difference.
  • the third electrode 215 as a reference electrode, the voltage difference between the first electrode terminal 211a and the third electrode 215 can be obtained, that is, the voltage between the negative terminal and the third electrode 215 can be obtained. According to the pressure difference, the setting parameters of the single battery 21 can be determined, and the performance of the single battery 21 can be determined.
  • the single battery 21 also includes a casing 21 a, the electrode assembly 213 is located in the casing 21 a, and the casing 21 a is reused as a third electrode 215 .
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing the voltage difference between the first electrode terminal 211 a , the second electrode terminal 211 b and the third electrode 215 as a function of time when the single battery 21 is not in the charging and discharging state.
  • the dotted line represents the pressure difference curve between the second electrode terminal 211 b and the third electrode 215
  • the solid line represents the pressure difference curve between the first electrode terminal 211 a and the third electrode 215 .
  • step S02 acquiring a first differential pressure between the first electrode terminal 211 a and the casing 21 a that is not in the charging and discharging state within a preset period of time.
  • step S03 within a preset period of time, when the first differential pressure drops, it is determined that the casing 21a is corroded.
  • the duration of the preset time period can be set according to actual conditions.
  • the corrosion condition of the shell 21a can be determined according to the pressure difference between the third electrode 215 and the negative terminal. If the casing 21a is not corroded, the voltage difference between the first electrode terminal 211a and the third electrode 215 should be constant when the unit cell 21 is not in a charge-discharge state. When the first differential pressure drops, it indicates that there is charge transfer between the first electrode terminal 211a (that is, the negative terminal) and the casing 21a, so it can be determined that there is corrosion in the casing 21a when the first differential pressure drops.
  • the detection method of the embodiment of the present application can not only indicate that the single battery 21 has a fault, but also can determine that the type of the fault is corrosion of the casing 21 a, and can reduce the risk of thermal runaway of the single battery 21 .
  • the step of determining the setting parameters of the single battery 21 according to the pressure difference within a preset time period, when the first pressure difference is less than or equal to the first voltage threshold, determine the If the corrosion is serious, an alarm signal is issued.
  • the first voltage threshold can be set according to actual conditions. For example, it may be determined through experiments in advance that the voltage difference between the negative terminal and the third electrode 215 is the first voltage threshold when the casing 21 a is severely corroded.
  • the corrosion of the casing 21a by comparing the first differential pressure with the first voltage threshold, it can be determined whether the corrosion of the casing 21a is serious, and an alarm signal is sent when the corrosion of the casing 21a is serious, so that the user can know the corrosion of the casing 21a in time situation to improve the safety performance of the single battery 21.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing the differential pressure of a single battery in a charged state.
  • the dotted line represents the pressure difference curve between the first electrode terminal 211a and the second electrode terminal 211b in the charged state
  • the dotted line represents the pressure difference region between the second electrode terminal 211b and the third electrode 215 in the charged state
  • the solid line represents the first electrode terminal 211b and the third electrode 215 in the charged state.
  • the voltage difference area between the first electrode terminal 211a and the third electrode 215 in the charged state It can be seen from FIG. 8 that the voltage difference between the third electrode 215 and the first electrode terminal 211a (ie, the negative terminal) decreases steadily during the charging phase.
  • step S02 the second voltage difference between the first electrode terminal 211a and the third electrode 215 in a charging state is acquired.
  • step S03 when the second voltage difference is less than or equal to the second voltage threshold, it is determined that lithium deposition occurs at the first electrode terminal 211 a.
  • the second voltage threshold can be set according to actual conditions. For example, it may be determined through experiments in advance that the voltage difference between the first electrode terminal 211a and the third electrode 215 is the second voltage threshold when the first electrode terminal 211a undergoes lithium deposition.
  • the detection method of the embodiment of the present application can not only indicate that the single battery 21 has a fault, but also can determine that the fault type is lithium deposition at the negative terminal, which can reduce the risk of thermal runaway of the single battery 21 .
  • the pressure difference between the first electrode terminal 211a, the second electrode terminal 211b and the third electrode 215 of the single battery 21 of the molded product is directly compared, and according to the pressure difference A failure condition of the battery cell 21 is determined.
  • the single cell 21 of the molded product is closer to the structure of the single cell 21 in actual use, so the result detected by the detection method provided by the embodiment of the present application is more suitable for the actual product, which can improve the relationship between the experimental data and the actual product. detection bias.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a detection module 40 for a single battery provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the single battery can be the single battery 21 shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 .
  • the unit battery 21 includes an electrode assembly 213 and a third electrode 215, and the electrode assembly 213 includes a first electrode terminal 211a and a second electrode terminal 211b,
  • the first electrode terminal 211a is a negative terminal
  • the detection module 40 includes: an acquisition unit 401, configured to acquire the voltage difference between the first electrode terminal 211a and the third electrode 215; a processing unit 402, configured to determine the voltage difference of the single battery according to the voltage difference 21 setting parameters.
  • the single battery 21 can be the single battery 21 in any of the above-mentioned embodiments, and the single battery 21 can include a first signal line 216a and a second signal line 216b, and the first signal line 216a is connected to the first electrode terminal 211a and the second signal line 216a.
  • the acquiring unit 401 can acquire the voltage difference between the first electrode terminal 211a and the third electrode 215 through the first signal line 216a.
  • the acquisition unit 401 can acquire the voltage difference between the first electrode terminal 211a and the third electrode 215, that is, the voltage difference between the negative terminal and the third electrode 215. pressure difference between.
  • the processing unit 402 can determine the setting parameters of the single battery 21 according to the pressure difference, and determine the performance of the single battery 21 .
  • the single battery 21 further includes a casing 21 a, the electrode assembly 213 is located in the casing 21 a, and the casing 21 a is reused as a third electrode 215 .
  • the obtaining unit 401 is used to obtain the first pressure difference between the first electrode terminal 211a of the single battery 21 and the casing 21a that is not in the charging and discharging state within a preset time period; the processing unit 402 is used to , it is determined that the casing 21a is corroded when the first differential pressure drops.
  • the end cap 211 of the shell 21a is reused as the third electrode 215.
  • the acquisition unit 401 can also acquire the single battery 21 that is not in the charging and discharging state within a preset period of time.
  • the processing unit 402 can determine the corrosion condition of the casing 21a according to the pressure difference between the third electrode 215 and the negative terminal.
  • the first differential pressure drops, it indicates that there is charge transfer between the negative terminal and the casing 21a under the condition of no charging and discharging, and the casing 21a is corroded.
  • the detection module 40 of this embodiment can not only point out that the single battery 21 has a fault, but also can determine that the type of the fault is corrosion of the casing 21 a, and can reduce the risk of thermal runaway of the single battery 21 .
  • the processing unit 402 is further configured to determine that the corrosion of the casing 21a is serious and send an alarm signal when the first differential pressure is less than or equal to the first voltage threshold.
  • the manner of setting the first voltage threshold is as above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the processing unit 402 can determine whether the corrosion condition of the casing 21a is serious by comparing the first differential pressure with the first voltage threshold, and sends an alarm signal when the corrosion condition of the casing 21a is serious, so that the user can know the corrosion situation of the casing 21a in time to improve the performance of the single battery. 21 safety features.
  • the obtaining unit 401 is also used to obtain the second voltage difference between the first electrode terminal 211a and the third electrode 215 of the single battery 21 in the charging state, and the processing unit 402 is also used to When the voltage difference is less than or equal to the second voltage threshold, it is determined that lithium deposition occurs at the first electrode terminal 211a.
  • the processing unit 402 can determine whether lithium deposition occurs at the negative terminal by comparing the second voltage threshold with the second voltage difference in the charging state.
  • the detection module 40 of the embodiment of the present application can not only indicate that the single battery 21 has failed, but also can determine that the type of failure is lithium deposition at the negative terminal, which can reduce the risk of thermal runaway of the single battery 21 .
  • the single battery 21 includes a casing 21a and a cell assembly located in the casing 21a.
  • the housing 21a includes a housing 212 with an opening and an end cap 211 covering the opening.
  • the cell assembly includes a first electrode terminal 211a and a second electrode terminal 211b.
  • the end cap 211 is multiplexed as the third electrode 215, the first signal line 216a is connected between the first electrode terminal 211a and the end cap 211 to obtain the voltage difference between the first electrode terminal 211a and the end cap 211, the second signal line 216b is connected between the second electrode terminal 211b and the end cap 211 to obtain a pressure difference between the second electrode terminal 211b and the end cap 211 .
  • the detection method of the single battery 21 shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 includes:
  • Step S1 Obtain the first differential pressure between the shell 21a and the negative terminal of the single battery 21 when it is not in the charging and discharging state.
  • Step S2 When the first voltage drops within a preset time period, it is determined that the casing 21a is corroded.
  • the detection method of the single battery 21 includes:
  • Step S1' Obtain the second pressure difference between the shell 21a of the single battery 21 and the negative terminal in the charging state.
  • Step S2' When the second voltage difference is less than or equal to the second voltage threshold, it is determined that the negative electrode monads have produced lithium.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种单体电池、电池、用电装置、检测方法和检测模块，单体电池包括：外壳，具有壁部和由壁部围合形成的容纳腔；电极组件，位于容纳腔并连接第一电极端子和第二电极端子；第三电极，设置于壁部；信号线，包括连接第三电极和第一电极端子的第一信号线及连接第三电极和第二电极端子的第二信号线。第三电极直接设置于外壳的壁部，设置方式简单，便于第一信号线和第二信号线与第三电极连接。

Description

电池、用电装置、检测方法和检测模块
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2021年11月4日提交的名称为“电池、电池、用电装置、检测方法和检测模块”的中国专利申请202111298271.6的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域，特别涉及一种单体电池、电池、用电装置、检测方法和检测模块。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
为了检测电池的性能，需要对电池中单体电池上的两个电极端子的电参数进行检测，例如对两个电极端子的电压参数进行检测，因此如何检测单体电池的电极端子带电情况成为亟待解决的一项问题
发明内容
本鉴于上述问题，本申请提供一种单体电池、电池、用电装置、检测方法和检测模块，能够准确检测单体电池中电极端子的带电情况。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种单体电池，包括：外壳，具有壁部 和由壁部围合形成的容纳腔；电极组件，位于容纳腔并连接第一电极端子和第二电极端子；第三电极，设置于壁部；信号线，包括连接第三电极和第一电极端子的第一信号线及连接第三电极和第二电极端子的第二信号线。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，单体电池包括外壳、位于外壳内的电极组件、位于外壳上的第三电极和信号线。信号线包括第一信号线和第二信号线，第一信号线用于连接电极组件的第一电极端子和第三电极，以能够获取第一电极端子的带电情况；第二信号线用于连接第二电极端子和第三电极，以能够获取第二电极端子的带电情况。第三电极直接设置于外壳的壁部，设置方式简单，便于第一信号线和第二信号线与第三电极连接。第一信号线用于采集第一电极端子和第三电极之间的压差信号，第二信号线用于采集第二电极端子和第三电极之间的压差信号。
在一些实施例中，外壳包括导电材料且复用为第三电极，第一信号线连接外壳和第一电极端子，第二信号线连接外壳和第二电极端子。通过将外壳复用为第三电极，无需另外设置第三电极，能够进一步简化单体电池的结构。且外壳通常包括不易腐蚀的导电材料，使得第三电极不易腐蚀，令检测结果更加准确。
在一些实施例中，壁部包括具有开口的壳体和盖设于开口处的端盖，端盖复用为第三电极，第一信号线连接端盖和第一电极端子，第二信号线连接端盖和第二电极端子。通过令端盖复用为第三电极，能够进一步简化单体电池的结构。采样部件通常设置于端盖外，第一信号线和第二信号线还要连接于采样部件，端盖复用为第三电极一方面便于第一信号线、第二信号线与第三电极的连接，另一方面还便于第一信号线、第二信号线和采样部件的连接。
在一些实施例中，壁部包括具有开口的壳体和盖设于开口处的端盖，第三电极设置于端盖背离容纳腔的一侧。便于第三电极和第一信号线、第二信号线的连接。
第二方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种电池，包括上述任一实施例的单体电池。
第三方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种用电装置，用电装置包括上述的电池，电池用于提供电能。
第四方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种检测方法，包括：
提供一种单体电池，单体电池包括电极组件和第三电极，电极组件包括第一电极端子和第二电极端子，第一电极端子为负极端子；
获取第一电极端子与第三电极之间的压差；
根据压差确定单体电池的设定参数。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，通过将第三电极作为参考电极，能够获取第一电极端子和第三电极之间的压差，即获取负极端子和第三电极之间的压差，根据该压差可以确定单体电池的设定参数，确定单体电池的性能。
在一些实施例中，单体电池还包括外壳，电极组件位于外壳内，外壳复用为第三电极；在获取第一电极端子与第三电极之间的压差的步骤中：获取预设时间段内未处于充放电状态下的第一电极端子和外壳之间的第一压差；在根据压差确定单体电池的设定参数的步骤中：在预设时间段内，第一压差下降时，确定外壳发生腐蚀。通过将外壳复用为第三电极，根据第三电极和负极端子之间的压差可以确定外壳的腐蚀情况。当第一压差下降时，表明未充放电的情况下，负极端子和外壳之间有电荷转移，外 壳存在腐蚀情况。本申请实施例的检测方法不仅能够指出单体电池发生了故障，而且能够确定故障类型为外壳存在腐蚀，能够降低单体电池的热失控风险。
在一些实施例中，在根据压差确定单体电池的设定参数的步骤中：在预设时间段内，当第一压差小于或等于第一电压阈值时，确定外壳的腐蚀情况严重，发出报警信号。通过对比第一压差和第一电压阈值，可以确定外壳的腐蚀情况是否严重，当外壳腐蚀情况严重时发出报警信号，便于用户及时了解外壳的腐蚀情况以提高单体电池的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，在获取第一电极端子和第三电极之间的压差的步骤中：获取充电状态下第一电极端子和第三电极之间的第二压差；在根据压差确定单体电池的设定参数的步骤中：在第二压差小于或等于第二电压阈值时，确定第一电极端子发生析锂。通过对比第二电压阈值和充电状态下的第二压差能够确定负极端子是否发生析锂。本申请实施例的检测方法不仅能够指出单体电池发生了故障，而且能够确定故障类型为负极端子发生析锂，能够降低单体电池的热失控风险。
第四方面，本申请实施例还提供一种单体电池的检测模块，单体电池包括电极组件和第三电极，电极组件包括第一电极端子和第二电极端子，第一电极端子为负极端子，检测模块包括：获取单元，用于获取第一电极端子和第三电极之间的压差；处理单元，用于根据压差确定单体电池的设定参数。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，通过将第三电极作为参考电极，获取单元能够获取第一电极端子和第三电极之间的压差，即获取负极端子和第三电极之间的压差。处理单元能够根据该压差可以确定单体电池的设定参数，确定单体电池的性能。
在一些实施例中，单体电池还包括外壳，电极组件位于外壳内，外壳复用为第三电极；获取单元用于获取预设时间段内未处于充放电状态下的单体电池的第一电极端子和外壳之间的第一压差；处理单元用于在预设时间段内，第一压差下降时确定外壳发生腐蚀。通过将外壳复用为第三电极，处理单元根据第三电极和负极端子之间的压差可以确定外壳的腐蚀情况。当第一压差下降时，表明未充放电的情况下，负极端子和外壳之间有电荷转移，外壳存在腐蚀情况。本实施例的检测模块不仅能够指出单体电池发生了故障，而且能够确定故障类型为外壳存在腐蚀，能够降低单体电池的热失控风险。
在一些实施例中，处理单元还用于当第一压差小于或等于第一电压阈值时，确定外壳的腐蚀情况严重，发出报警信号。处理单元通过对比第一压差和第一电压阈值，可以确定外壳的腐蚀情况是否严重，当外壳腐蚀情况严重时发出报警信号，便于用户及时了解外壳的腐蚀情况以提高单体电池的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，获取单元还用于获取充电状态下单体电池的第一电极端子和第三电极之间的第二压差，处理单元还用于在第二压差小于或等于第二电压阈值时，确定第一电极端子发生析锂。处理单元通过对比第二电压阈值和充电状态下的第二压差能够确定负极端子是否发生析锂。本申请实施例的检测模块不仅能够指出单体电池发生了故障，而且能够确定故障类型为负极端子发生析锂，能够降低单体电池的热失控风险。
本申请实施例中，通过将第三电极设置于电池外壳而非电极组件中，能够简化第三电极的设置方式，简化单体电池的结构。通过第一信号线连接第三电极和第一电极端子能够获取第一电极端子的带电情况，通过第二信号线连接第三电极和第二电极端子能够获取第二电极端子的带电情 况，以准确判断单体电池是否发生故障。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在整个附图中，用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1是本申请一实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一实施例提供的电池包的结构示意图；
图3是申请一实施例提供的一种电池模块的结构示意图；
图4是本申请一实施例提供的一种单体电池的分解结构示意图；
图5是本申请另一实施例提供的一种单体电池的分解结构示意图；
图6是本申请一实施例提供的一种单体电池的检测方法流程示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的单体电池在未充放电状态下的压差曲线图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的单体电池在充电状态下的压差曲线图；
图9是本申请一实施例提供的单体电池的检测模块结构示意图；
图10是本申请另一实施例提供的一种单体电池的检测方法流程示意图；
图11是本申请又一实施例提供的一种单体电池的检测方法流程示意图。
具体实施方式中的附图标号如下：
1、车辆，10、电池，11、控制器，12、马达；
20、电池模块，21、单体电池，21a、外壳，21aa、壁部；211、端盖，211a、第一电极端子，211b、第二电极端子，212、壳体，213、电极组件，214、容纳腔，215、第三电极，216、信号线，216a、第一信号线，216b、第二信号线；
30、箱体，301、第一箱体部，302、第二箱体部；
40、检测模块；401、获取单元；402、处理单元。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
需要注意的是，除非另有说明，本申请实施例使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本申请实施例所属领域技术人员所理解的通常意义。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周 向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
此外，技术术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
本申请中，单体电池可以包括锂离子电池、锂硫单体电池、钠离 子单体电池或镁离子单体电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。单体电池可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个单体电池以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个单体电池的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响单体电池的充电或放电。
单体电池包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离件。单体电池主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面；正极集流体包括正极集流部和连接于正极集流部的正极极耳，正极集流部涂覆有正极活性物质层，正极极耳未涂覆正极活性物质层。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质层包括正极活性物质，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面；负极集流体包括负极集流部和连接于负极集流部的负极极耳，负极集流部涂覆有负极活性物质层，负极极耳未涂覆负极活性物质层。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质层包括负极活性物质，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。隔离件的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。
为了保证单体电池的安全性能，需要监控单体电池的电极端子的电压变化。本发明人注意到，相关技术中为了检测单体电池中两个电极端子的电压情况，会设置一个参考电极，通过对比参考电极和两个电极端子之间的压差判断电极端子的电压变化。相关技术中参考电极通常设置于两个极片之间，例如参考电极为铜丝外镀金属锂，将参考电极植入叠片电极组件内。参考电极插入电极组件内本身的操作比较复杂，再考虑到金属锂易氧化的问题，还需要在密闭环境中将参考电极插入电极组件内，这就导致单体电池的制造复杂困难。
为了缓解单体电池结构比较复杂的问题，申请人研究发现，可以将参考电极设置于单体电池的壳体上，例如将单体电池的壳体复用为参考电极。
基于以上考虑，为了解决单体电池结构复杂，为了获取单体电池中两个电极端子的电压，发明人经过深入研究，设计了一种单体电池。在这样的单体电池中，第三电极设置于单体电池的壳体上，能够简化单体电池的结构，并根据第三电极和两个电极端子之间的压差情况，可以获取单体电池中两个电极端子的电压。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池以及使用电池的用电装置。
用电装置可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电装置不做特殊限制。
应理解，本申请实施例描述的技术方案不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的电池和用电设备，还可以适用于所有包括箱体的电池以及使用电池的用电设备，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以电动车辆为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1的结构示意图。车辆1可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1的内部设置有电池10，电池10可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池10可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池10可以作为车辆1的操作电源。车辆1还可以包括控制器11和马达12，控制器11用来控制电池10为马达12供电，例 如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池10不仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
为了满足不同的使用电力需求，电池10可以包括多个单体电池，单体电池是指组成电池模块或电池包的最小单元。多个单体电池21可经由电极端子而被串联和/或并联在一起以应用于各种应用场合。本申请中所提到的电池包括电池模块或电池包。其中，多个单体电池之间可以串联或并联或混联，混联是指串联和并联的混合。电池10也可以称为电池包。本申请的实施例中多个单体电池可以直接组成电池包，也可以先组成电池模块，电池模块再组成电池包。
图2示出了本申请一实施例的电池10的结构示意图。
如图2所示，电池包括箱体30和单体电池(图未示出)，单体电池容纳于箱体30内。
箱体30可以是单独的长方体或者圆柱体或球体等简单立体结构，也可以是由长方体或者圆柱体或球体等简单立体结构组合而成的复杂立体结构，本申请实施例对此并不限定。箱体30的材质可以是如铝合金、铁合金等合金材料，也可以是如聚碳酸酯、聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫塑料等高分子材料，或者是如玻璃纤维加环氧树脂的复合材料，本申请实施例对此也并不限定。
箱体30用于容纳单体电池，箱体30可以是多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体30可以包括第一箱体部301和第二箱体部302，第一箱体部301与第二箱体部302相互盖合，第一箱体部301和第二箱体部302共同限定出用于容纳单体电池的容纳空间。第二箱体部302可以是一端开口的空心结构，第一箱体部301为板状结构，第一箱体部301盖合于第二箱体部302的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间的箱体30；第一箱体部301和第二箱体部302也均可以是一侧开口的空心结构，第一箱体部301的开口侧盖合于第二箱体部302的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间的箱体30。当然，第 一箱体部301和第二箱体部302可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
为提高第一箱体部301和第二箱体部302连接后的密封性，第一箱体部301和第二箱体部302之间也可以设置密封件，比如，密封胶、密封圈等。
假设第一箱体部301盖合于第二箱体部302的顶部，第一箱体部301亦可称之为上箱盖，第二箱体部302亦可称之为壳体。
在电池10中，单体电池可以是一个，也可以是多个。若单体电池为多个，多个单体电池之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个单体电池中既有串联又有并联。多个单体电池之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个单体电池构成的整体容纳于箱体30内；当然，也可以是多个单体电池先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块20，多个电池模块20再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体30内。
图3示出了本申请一实施例的电池模块20的结构示意图。
在一些实施例中，如图3所示，单体电池21为多个，多个单体电池21先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块20。多个电池模块20再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体30内。
电池模块20中的多个单体电池21之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现电池模块20中的多个单体电池21的并联或串联或混联。
本申请中，单体电池21可以包括锂离子单体电池21、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。单体电池21可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。单体电池21一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形单体电池21、方体方形单体电池21和软包单体电池21，本申请实施例对此也不限定。但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以方体方形单体电池21为例进行说明。
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的单体电池21的分解结构示意图。单体电池21是指组成电池的最小单元。如图4，单体电池21包括有 端盖211、壳体212和电极组件213。
端盖211是指盖合于壳体212的开口处以将单体电池21的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，端盖211的形状可以与壳体212的形状相适应以配合壳体212。可选地，端盖211可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，端盖211在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使单体电池21能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。端盖211上可以设置有如第一电极端子211a和第二电极端子211b等的功能性部件。第一电极端子211a和第二电极端子211b可以用于与电极组件213电连接，以用于输出或输入单体电池21的电能。在一些实施例中，端盖211上还可以设置有用于在单体电池21的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放内部压力的泄压机构。端盖211的材质也可以是多种的，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。在一些实施例中，在端盖211的内侧还可以设置有绝缘件，绝缘件可以用于隔离壳体212内的电连接部件与端盖211，以降低短路的风险。示例性的，绝缘件可以是塑料、橡胶等。
壳体212是用于配合端盖211以形成单体电池21的内部环境的组件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电极组件213、电解液(在图中未示出)以及其他部件。壳体212和端盖211可以是独立的部件，可以于壳体212上设置开口，通过在开口处使端盖211盖合开口以形成单体电池21的内部环境。不限地，也可以使端盖211和壳体212一体化，具体地，端盖211和壳体212可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的连接面，当需要封装壳体212的内部时，再使端盖211盖合壳体212。壳体212可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，壳体212的形状可以根据电极组件213的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体212的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
电极组件213是单体电池21中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体212内可以包含一个或更多个电极组件213。电极组件213主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极片与负极片之间设有隔 膜。正极片和负极片具有活性物质的部分构成电极组件的主体部，正极片和负极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳(在图中未示出)。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。在电池的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳连接电极端子以形成电流回路。
请参照图4和图5，图5是本申请另一实施例提供的单体电池21的结构示意图。
如图4和图5所示，本申请一些实施例提供的单体电池21包括：外壳21a，具有壁部21aa和由壁部21aa围合形成的容纳腔214；电极组件213，位于容纳腔214并连接第一电极端子211a和第二电极端子211b；第三电极215，设置于壁部21aa；信号线216，包括连接第三电极215和第一电极端子211a的第一信号线216a及连接第三电极215和第二电极端子211b的第二信号线216b。
电极组件213包括正极片和负极片，正极片上设置有正极耳，负极片上设置有负极耳，第一电极端子211a连接正极耳和负极耳中的一者，第二电极端子211b连接正极耳和负极耳中的另一者。例如第一电极端子211a连接负极耳以作为负极端子，第二电极端子211b连接正极耳以作为正极端子。
第三电极215为参考电极，第一信号线216a连接第三电极215和第一电极端子211a，第一信号线216a用于获取第一电极端子211a和第三电极215之间的压差信号。第二信号线216b第三电极215和第二电极端子211b，第二信号线216b用于获取第二电极端子211b和第三电极215之间的压差信号。第一电极端子211a、第二电极端子211b和壳体212三者之间相互绝缘，第一电极端子211a、第二电极端子211b和第三电极215三者之间相互绝缘。
第一信号线216a可以是完整的条线，或者第一信号线216a可以包括两条子信号线，例如两条子信号线之间设置有电压检测装置，电压检测装置的一端通过一条子信号线与第一电极端子211a连接，电压检测装 置的另一端通过另一条子信号线与第三电极215连接，使得电压检测装置能够通过第一信号线216a的两条子信号线获取第一电极端子211a和第三电极215之间的压差。第二信号线216b的设置方式与第一信号线216a相似，不再赘述。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，单体电池包括外壳21a、位于外壳21a内的电极组件213、位于外壳21a上的第三电极215和信号线216。信号线216包括第一信号线216a和第二信号线216b，第一信号线216a用于连接电极组件213的第一电极端子211a和第三电极215，以能够获取第一电极端子211a的带电情况；第二信号线216b用于连接第二电极端子211b和第三电极215，以能够获取第二电极端子211b的带电情况。第三电极215直接设置于外壳21a的壁部21aa，设置方式简单，便于第一信号线216a和第二信号线216b与第三电极215连接。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图4所示，外壳21a包括导电材料且复用为第三电极215，第一信号线216a连接外壳21a和第一电极端子211a，第二信号线216b连接外壳21a和第二电极端子211b。
如上，壳体212例如包括铝合金等材料，使得壳体212能够导电，当第一信号连接外壳21a和第一电极端子211a时，能够通过第一信号线216a获取壳体212和第一电极端子211a之间的压差。当第二信号线216b连接外壳21a和第二电极端子211b时，能够通过第二信号线216b获取壳体212和第二电极端子211b之间的压差。
在这些实施例中，通过将外壳21a复用为第三电极215，无需另外设置第三电极215，能够进一步简化单体电池21的结构。且外壳21a通常包括不易腐蚀的导电材料，使得第三电极215不易腐蚀，令检测结果更加准确。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图4所示，壁部21aa包括具有开口的壳体212和盖设于开口处的端盖211。即外壳21a包括壳体212和端盖211。端盖211复用为第三电极215，第一信号线216a连接端盖211和第一电极端子211a，第二信号线216b连接端盖211和第二电极端子 211b。图4中以虚线示意出了第三电极215在端盖211上的位置，虚线并不够成对本申请实施例结构上的限定。
端盖211包括导电材料，例如端盖211包括铝合金、铝金属等导电材料。当第一信号连接端盖211和第一电极端子211a时，能够通过第一信号线216a获取端盖211和第一电极端子211a之间的压差。当第二信号线216b连接端盖211和第二电极端子211b时，能够通过第二信号线216b获取端盖211和第二电极端子211b之间的压差。
在这些实施例中，通过令端盖211复用为第三电极215，能够进一步简化单体电池的结构。采样部件通常设置于端盖211外，第一信号线216a和第二信号线216b还要连接于采样部件，端盖211复用为第三电极215一方面便于第一信号线216a、第二信号线216b与第三电极215的连接，另一方面还便于第一信号线216a、第二信号线216b和采样部件的连接。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图5所示，第三电极215设置于端盖211背离容纳腔214的一侧。例如第三电极215焊接于端盖211背离容纳腔214的一侧，便于第三电极215和第一信号线216a、第二信号线216b的连接。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种电池，包括以上任一方案所述的单体电池。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种用电装置，包括以上任一方案所述的电池，并且电池用于为用电装置提供电能。
用电装置可以是前述任一应用电池的设备或系统。
请参阅图6，图6是本申请实施例提供的一种单体电池的检测方法流程示意图。该单体电池可以为图4和图5所示单体电池。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请一并参阅图4至图6，本申请提供的检测方法包括：
步骤S01：提供一种单体电池21，单体电池21包括电极组件 213和第三电极215，电极组件213包括第一电极端子211a和第二电极端子211b，第一电极端子211a为负极端子。
该单体电池21可以为上述任一实施例中的单体电池21。
步骤S02：获取第一电极端子211a与第三电极215之间的压差。
如上所述，可以利用第一信号线216a连接第一电极端子211a和第三电极215，通过第一信号线216a获取第一电极端子211a和第三电极215之间的压差。
步骤S03：根据压差确定单体电池21的设定参数。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，通过将第三电极215作为参考电极，能够获取第一电极端子211a和第三电极215之间的压差，即获取负极端子和第三电极215之间的压差，根据该压差可以确定单体电池21的设定参数，确定单体电池21的性能。
单体电池21还包括外壳21a，电极组件213位于外壳21a内，外壳21a复用为第三电极215。
如图7所示，图7是单体电池21在未处于充放电状态下第一电极端子211a、第二电极端子211b和第三电极215之间的压差随着时间变化的曲线图。其中虚线表示第二电极端子211b和第三电极215之间的压差曲线，实线表示第一电极端子211a和第三电极215之间的压差曲线。随着时间的推移，当外壳21a发生腐蚀时，第一电极端子211a和第三电极215之间的压差会逐渐减小。
根据本申请的一些实施例，步骤S02中：获取预设时间段内未处于充放电状态下的第一电极端子211a和外壳21a之间的第一压差。步骤S03中：在预设时间段内，第一压差下降时，确定外壳21a发生腐蚀。
预设时间段的时长可以根据实际情况进行设定。
在这些可选的实施例中，通过将外壳21a复用为第三电极215，根据第三电极215和负极端子之间的压差可以确定外壳21a的腐蚀情况。 如果外壳21a未发生腐蚀，在单体电池21未处于充放电状态下时，第一电极端子211a和第三电极215之间的压差应该恒定。当第一压差下降时，表明未充放电的情况下，第一电极端子211a(即负极端子)和外壳21a之间有电荷转移，所以可以当第一压差下降时可以确定外壳21a存在腐蚀情况。本申请实施例的检测方法不仅能够指出单体电池21发生了故障，而且能够确定故障类型为外壳21a存在腐蚀，能够降低单体电池21的热失控风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，在根据压差确定单体电池21的设定参数的步骤中：在预设时间段内，当第一压差小于或等于第一电压阈值时，确定外壳21a的腐蚀情况严重，发出报警信号。
第一电压阈值可以根据实际情况进行设定。例如可以提前通过实验确定当外壳21a发生严重腐蚀时负极端子和第三电极215之间的压差为第一电压阈值。
在这些可选的实施例中，通过对比第一压差和第一电压阈值，可以确定外壳21a的腐蚀情况是否严重，当外壳21a腐蚀情况严重时发出报警信号，便于用户及时了解外壳21a的腐蚀情况以提高单体电池21的安全性能。
请一并参阅图4、图5和图8，图8是单体电池在充电状态下的压差曲线图。其中虚线表示第一电极端子211a和第二电极端子211b在充电状态下的压差曲线，点划线表示第二电极端子211b和第三电极215在充电状态下的压差区域，实线表示第一电极端子211a和第三电极215在充电状态下的压差区域。从图8中可得，第三电极215和第一电极端子211a(即负极端子)之间的压差在充电阶段稳定下降。
根据本申请的一些实施例，在步骤S02中：获取充电状态下第一电极端子211a和第三电极215之间的第二压差。在步骤S03中：在第二压差小于或等于第二电压阈值时，确定第一电极端子211a发生析锂。
第二电压阈值可以根据实际情况进行设定。例如可以提前通过实验确定当第一电极端子211a发生析锂情况时第一电极端子211a和第三电 极215之间的压差为第二电压阈值。
在这些可选的实施例中，通过对比第二电压阈值和充电状态下的第二压差能够确定负极端子是否发生析锂。本申请实施例的检测方法不仅能够指出单体电池21发生了故障，而且能够确定故障类型为负极端子发生析锂，能够降低单体电池21的热失控风险。
此外，在本申请实施例提供的检测方法中，直接对比成型产品的单体电池21的第一电极端子211a、第二电极端子211b与第三电极215之间的压差，并根据该压差确定单体电池21的故障情况。该成型产品的单体电池21与实际使用中的单体电池21的结构更加接近，因此通过本申请实施例提供的检测方法检测的结果更加适用于实际产品，能够改善实验数据与实际产品之间的检测偏差。
请参阅图9，图9是本申请实施例提供的一种单体电池的检测模块40结构示意图。该单体电池可以为图4和图5所示的单体电池21。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图4、图5和图9所示，单体电池21包括电极组件213和第三电极215，电极组件213包括第一电极端子211a和第二电极端子211b，第一电极端子211a为负极端子，检测模块40包括：获取单元401，用于获取第一电极端子211a和第三电极215之间的压差；处理单元402，用于根据压差确定单体电池21的设定参数。
该单体电池21可以为上述任一实施例中的单体电池21，单体电池21可以包括第一信号线216a和第二信号线216b，第一信号线216a连接第一电极端子211a和第三电极215，获取单元401可以通过第一信号线216a获取第一电极端子211a和第三电极215之间的压差。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，通过将第三电极215作为参考电极，获取单元401能够获取第一电极端子211a和第三电极215之间的压差，即获取负极端子和第三电极215之间的压差。处理单元402能够根据该压差可以确定单体电池21的设定参数，确定单体电池21的性能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，单体电池21还包括外壳21a，电极组件213位于外壳21a内，外壳21a复用为第三电极215。获取单元401 用于获取预设时间段内未处于充放电状态下的单体电池21的第一电极端子211a和外壳21a之间的第一压差；处理单元402用于在预设时间段内，第一压差下降时确定外壳21a发生腐蚀。
例如外壳21a的端盖211复用为第三电极215，当端盖211复用为第三电极215时，获取单元401还可以获取预设时间段内未处于充放电状态下的单体电池21的第一电极端子211a和端盖211之间的第一压差、
在本申请实施例中，通过将外壳21a复用为第三电极215，处理单元402根据第三电极215和负极端子之间的压差可以确定外壳21a的腐蚀情况。当第一压差下降时，表明未充放电的情况下，负极端子和外壳21a之间有电荷转移，外壳21a存在腐蚀情况。本实施例的检测模块40不仅能够指出单体电池21发生了故障，而且能够确定故障类型为外壳21a存在腐蚀，能够降低单体电池21的热失控风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，处理单元402还用于当第一压差小于或等于第一电压阈值时，确定外壳21a的腐蚀情况严重，发出报警信号。第一电压阈值的设置方式如上所述，不再赘述。处理单元402通过对比第一压差和第一电压阈值，可以确定外壳21a的腐蚀情况是否严重，当外壳21a腐蚀情况严重时发出报警信号，便于用户及时了解外壳21a的腐蚀情况以提高单体电池21的安全性能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，获取单元401还用于获取充电状态下单体电池21的第一电极端子211a和第三电极215之间的第二压差，处理单元402还用于在第二压差小于或等于第二电压阈值时，确定第一电极端子211a发生析锂。
第二电压阈值的取值方式如上所述，不再赘述。
在本申请实施例中，处理单元402通过对比第二电压阈值和充电状态下的第二压差能够确定负极端子是否发生析锂。本申请实施例的检测模块40不仅能够指出单体电池21发生了故障，而且能够确定故障类型为负极端子发生析锂，能够降低单体电池21的热失控风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参见图4和图5，单体电池21包括 外壳21a和位于外壳21a内的电芯组件。外壳21a包括具有开口的壳体212和盖设于开口处的端盖211。电芯组件包括第一电极端子211a和第二电极端子211b。端盖211复用为第三电极215，第一信号线216a连接于第一电极端子211a和端盖211之间以获取第一电极端子211a和端盖211之间的压差，第二信号线216b连接于第二电极端子211b和端盖211之间以获取第二电极端子211b和端盖211之间的压差。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参见图10，如图4和图5所示的单体电池21的检测方法包括：
步骤S1：获取未处于充放电状态下单体电池21外壳21a和负极端子之间的第一压差。
步骤S2：当预设时间段内，第一电压下降时，确定外壳21a发生腐蚀。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参见图11，单体电池21的检测方法包括：
步骤S1’：获取充电状态下单体电池21外壳21a和负极端子之间的第二压差。
步骤S2’：当第二压差小于或等于第二电压阈值时，确定负极单子发生析锂。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案

Claims (14)

  1. 一种单体电池(21)，包括：
    外壳(21a)，具有壁部(21aa)和由所述壁部(21aa)围合形成的容纳腔(214)；
    电极组件(213)，位于所述容纳腔(214)并连接第一电极端子(211a)和第二电极端子(211b)；
    第三电极(215)，设置于所述壁部(21aa)；
    信号线(216)，包括连接所述第三电极(215)和所述第一电极端子(211a)的第一信号线(216a)及连接所述第三电极(215)和所述第二电极端子(211b)的第二信号线(216b)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的单体电池(21)，其中，所述外壳(21a)包括导电材料且复用为所述第三电极(215)，所述第一信号线(216a)连接所述外壳(21a)和所述第一电极端子(211a)，所述第二信号线(216b)连接所述外壳(21a)和所述第二电极端子(211b)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的单体电池(21)，其中，所述壁部(21aa)包括具有开口的壳体(212)和盖设于所述开口处的端盖(211)，所述端盖(211)复用为所述第三电极(215)，所述第一信号线(216a)连接所述端盖(211)和所述第一电极端子(211a)，所述第二信号线(216b)连接所述端盖(211)和所述第二电极端子(211b)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的单体电池(21)，其中，所述壁部(21aa)包括具有开口的壳体(212)和盖设于所述开口处的端盖(211)，所述第三电极(215)设置于所述端盖(211)背离所述容纳腔(214)的一侧。
  5. 一种电池(10)，包括：如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的单体电池(21)。
  6. 一种用电装置，所述用电装置包括如权利要求5所述的电池(10)，所述电池(10)用于提供电能。
  7. 一种单体电池(21)的检测方法，包括：
    提供一种单体电池(21)，所述单体电池(21)包括电极组件(213)和第三电极(215)，所述电极组件(213)包括第一电极端子(211a)和第二电极端子(211b)，所述第一电极端子(211a)为负极端子；
    获取所述第一电极端子(211a)与所述第三电极(215)之间的压差；
    根据所述压差确定所述单体电池(21)的设定参数。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述单体电池(21)还包括外壳(21a)，所述电极组件(213)位于所述外壳(21a)内，所述外壳(21a)复用为所述第三电极(215)；
    在所述获取所述第一电极端子(211a)与所述第三电极(215)之间的压差的步骤中：获取预设时间段内未处于充放电状态下的第一电极端子(211a)和所述外壳(21a)之间的第一压差；
    在根据所述压差确定所述单体电池(21)的设定参数的步骤中：在所述预设时间段内，所述第一压差下降时，确定所述外壳(21a)发生腐蚀。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，在根据所述压差确定所述单体电池(21)的设定参数的步骤中：
    在所述预设时间段内，当所述第一压差小于或等于第一电压阈值时，确定所述外壳(21a)的腐蚀情况严重，发出报警信号。
  10. 根据权利要求7-9任一项所述的方法，其中，
    在所述获取所述第一电极端子(211a)和所述第三电极(215)之间 的压差的步骤中：获取充电状态下所述第一电极端子(211a)和所述第三电极(215)之间的第二压差；
    在根据所述压差确定所述单体电池(21)的设定参数的步骤中：在所述第二压差小于或等于第二电压阈值时，确定所述第一电极端子(211a)发生析锂。
  11. 一种单体电池的检测模块(40)，所述单体电池(21)包括电极组件(213)和第三电极(215)，所述电极组件(213)包括第一电极端子(211a)和第二电极端子(211b)，所述第一电极端子(211a)为负极端子，所述检测模块(40)包括：
    获取单元(401)，用于获取所述第一电极端子(211a)和所述第三电极(215)之间的压差；
    处理单元(402)，用于根据所述压差确定所述单体电池(21)的设定参数。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的检测模块(40)，其中，所述单体电池(21)还包括外壳(21a)，所述电极组件(213)位于所述外壳(21a)内，所述外壳(21a)复用为所述第三电极(215)；
    所述获取单元(401)用于获取预设时间段内未处于充放电状态下的所述单体电池(21)的第一电极端子(211a)和所述外壳(21a)之间的第一压差；
    所述处理单元(402)用于在所述预设时间段内，所述第一压差下降时确定所述外壳(21a)发生腐蚀。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的检测模块(40)，其中，所述处理单元(402)还用于当所述第一压差小于或等于第一电压阈值时，确定所述外壳(21a)的腐蚀情况严重，发出报警信号。
  14. 根据权利要求11-13任一项所述的检测模块(40)，其中，所述获 取单元(401)还用于获取充电状态下所述单体电池(21)的所述第一电极端子(211a)和所述第三电极(215)之间的第二压差，所述处理单元(402)还用于在所述第二压差小于或等于第二电压阈值时，确定所述第一电极端子(211a)发生析锂。
PCT/CN2022/125521 2021-11-04 2022-10-14 电池、用电装置、检测方法和检测模块 WO2023078066A1 (zh)

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