WO2023078034A1 - 一种定向排气装置、电池及储能预制仓 - Google Patents

一种定向排气装置、电池及储能预制仓 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023078034A1
WO2023078034A1 PCT/CN2022/124442 CN2022124442W WO2023078034A1 WO 2023078034 A1 WO2023078034 A1 WO 2023078034A1 CN 2022124442 W CN2022124442 W CN 2022124442W WO 2023078034 A1 WO2023078034 A1 WO 2023078034A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
exhaust
exhaust part
directional
energy storage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/124442
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑陈铃
刘越
王增忠
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP22889060.4A priority Critical patent/EP4358261A1/en
Publication of WO2023078034A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023078034A1/zh
Priority to US18/440,676 priority patent/US20240186648A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/383—Flame arresting or ignition-preventing means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H01M50/358—External gas exhaust passages located on the battery cover or case
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of energy storage equipment, in particular to a directional exhaust device, a battery and a prefabricated energy storage bin.
  • Energy storage prefabricated warehouses shoulder important tasks in the new power system. Batteries are the main form of electrochemical energy storage. At the same time, due to the high integration and convenient installation of energy storage prefabricated warehouses, energy storage prefabricated warehouses have become the main product form of battery energy storage power stations.
  • the battery placed in the energy storage prefabricated warehouse is likely to cause the battery diaphragm to collapse and internal short circuit, resulting in thermal runaway. After thermal runaway occurs, the battery will produce a large amount of flammable gas, which can easily cause deflagration and explosion, which will affect the safe use of the energy storage prefabricated warehouse and cause huge losses.
  • the present application provides a directional exhaust device, a battery and a prefabricated energy storage bin.
  • the directional exhaust device can improve the safety and service life of the prefabricated energy storage bin.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a directional exhaust device, the directional exhaust device at least includes a first exhaust part and a second exhaust part, the first exhaust part communicates with the battery box, the second exhaust part communicates with the second exhaust part An exhaust part communicates with the outside, so as to discharge the gas generated by the battery through the first exhaust part and the second exhaust part.
  • the first exhaust part is detachably connected to the second exhaust part.
  • the first exhaust part or the second exhaust part is damaged, only the damaged part can be replaced without replacing the entire directional exhaust device, thereby reducing maintenance costs.
  • the first exhaust part and the second exhaust part can be transported separately during transportation, thereby reducing logistics costs.
  • the second exhaust part is provided with a first installation hole, and the second exhaust part is sleeved on the outside of the first exhaust part through the first installation hole.
  • the first installation hole enables the first exhaust part to be directly sleeved on the second exhaust part, thereby facilitating the installation of the first exhaust part and the second exhaust part.
  • the first exhaust part is sealed with the second exhaust part by a first sealing member.
  • the first sealing member can seal the connecting part of the first exhaust part and the second exhaust part, and prevent the combustible gas flowing to the outside through the first exhaust part and the second exhaust part. Leakage into the battery compartment from the part connected to the internal parts will cause deflagration and explosion of the battery compartment, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the directional exhaust device.
  • the first exhaust part and the second exhaust part have an integrated structure, which simplifies the installation process of the directional exhaust device.
  • the integrated structure does not need to seal the area connecting the first exhaust part and the second exhaust part, which simplifies the structure of the directional exhaust device.
  • the first exhaust part is bent relative to the second exhaust part.
  • the relative bending degree and angle of the first exhaust part and the second exhaust part of the directional exhaust device can be adjusted according to different installation environments, so that the directional exhaust device can be applied to various environments.
  • the first vent part is used for plugging into the case of the battery. Since the first exhaust part and the side of the box for installation are often invisible when installing the battery box and the directional exhaust device, the plug-in form enables the operator to use the battery only by moving the position of the electric box. The first exhaust part is plugged on the electrical box, thereby realizing the fast insertion and blind insertion of the directional exhaust device during installation, and making the installation of the directional exhaust device faster.
  • the first air vent is sealed with the case of the battery by a second sealing member.
  • the second seal can seal the part where the first exhaust part is connected to the battery box, preventing the combustible gas flowing to the outside through the first exhaust part and the second exhaust part from connecting the first exhaust part and the battery box Leak into the battery compartment, causing deflagration and explosion of the battery compartment, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the directional exhaust device.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a battery, which includes a battery cell, a case, and the above-mentioned directional exhaust device.
  • the battery cells are accommodated in the case.
  • the box body is used to provide accommodation space for the battery cells, and the box body can adopt various structures.
  • the directional exhaust device of the battery can discharge the flammable gas generated by the battery to the outside when thermal runaway occurs, preventing the flammable gas from entering the battery compartment and causing deflagration and explosion.
  • the battery cells are connected with a pressure relief device, and the box body has an inner cavity communicating with the pressure relief device; the box body has a second installation hole, and the first exhaust part is connected to the box body through the second installation hole. connected so that the first vent communicates with the pressure relief device.
  • the first exhaust part can be conveniently plugged into the box body, and the directional exhaust device can be installed with the battery box body only by moving the battery box body, thereby realizing the directional exhaust device
  • the fast insertion during installation further makes the first exhaust part communicate with the pressure relief device.
  • the combustible gas produced by the battery cell under the condition of thermal runaway can be discharged into the inner cavity connected with the pressure relief device and the box through the pressure relief device. Communication, so combustible gas can be discharged to the outside through the directional exhaust device, so as not to enter the battery compartment and cause deflagration and explosion.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a prefabricated energy storage bin, the prefabricated energy storage bin includes a battery bin and the aforementioned battery.
  • the battery compartment can place batteries, so as to realize the function of storing energy in the prefabricated energy storage compartment.
  • the energy storage prefabricated warehouse has a partition board, which is used to divide the energy storage prefabricated warehouse into multiple warehouses, the inner cavity of the partition board communicates with the outside world, and the partition board is the second Exhaust.
  • the energy storage prefabricated warehouse can be divided into multiple warehouses through the compartment board.
  • the battery warehouse is used to place the battery.
  • the compartment plate can be used as the second exhaust part, through which the inner cavity of the compartment plate can communicate with the outside world, so that the combustible gas generated by the battery in the case of thermal runaway can be discharged to the outside world.
  • the compartment plate When the compartment plate is set as the second exhaust part, the compartment plate can not only be used to separate each compartment, but also can be used to discharge the combustible gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery, that is, the compartment plate has multiple functions, There is no need to additionally arrange the second exhaust part in the prefabricated energy storage bin, which can simplify the structure of the prefabricated energy storage bin and reduce the production cost of the prefabricated energy storage bin.
  • a large amount of combustible gas generated by the battery when it is thermally out of control can be directly discharged to the outside through the directional exhaust channel, thereby preventing combustible gas from entering the battery compartment, thereby preventing deflagration and explosion when the concentration of combustible gas in the battery compartment is too high, and improving energy storage. safety and service life.
  • Figure 1 is an exploded view of the battery provided by the present application in a specific embodiment
  • Fig. 2 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of a directional exhaust device and a battery provided by the present application;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of another specific embodiment of a directional exhaust device and a battery provided in the present application.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two), similarly, “multiple groups” refers to two or more groups (including two), and “multiple pieces” refers to More than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • the applicant found that by discharging the flammable gas generated by the battery to the outside, it can prevent the flammable gas from staying and accumulating in the battery compartment to cause deflagration and explosion.
  • the combustible gas generated by the batteries in the energy storage prefabricated warehouse is discharged to the outside through the directional exhaust device.
  • the directional exhaust device disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used, but not limited to, for directional exhaust of combustible gases generated by batteries in prefabricated energy storage bins, and can also be used for directional exhaust of gases in other scenarios.
  • the prefabricated energy storage bin includes a battery bin and a battery, and the battery bin can place batteries, thereby realizing the function of storing energy in the prefabricated energy storage bin.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a specific embodiment of the battery provided by the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery 100, the battery 100 includes a battery cell 20, a case 10 and a directional exhaust device.
  • the battery cells 20 are housed in the case 10 .
  • the box body 10 is used to provide accommodating space for the battery cells 20 , and the box body 10 may adopt various structures.
  • the box body 10 may include a first part 11 and a second part 12, the first part 11 and the second part 12 cover each other, the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a of accommodation space.
  • the second part 12 can be a hollow structure with one end open, the first part 11 can be a plate-like structure, and the first part 11 covers the opening side of the second part 12, so that the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define an accommodation space ;
  • the first part 11 and the second part 12 can also be hollow structures with one side opening, and the opening side of the first part 11 is covered by the opening side of the second part 12 .
  • the box body 10 formed by the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid and the like.
  • the battery 100 there may be multiple battery cells 20 , and the multiple battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel.
  • the mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 20 are connected in series and in parallel.
  • a plurality of battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series, in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of a plurality of battery cells 20 is housed in the box 10; of course, the battery 100 can also be a plurality of battery cells 20
  • the battery 100 modules are firstly connected in series, parallel or mixed, and then multiple battery 100 modules are connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a whole and accommodated in the box 10 .
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures, for example, the battery 100 may also include a bus component for realizing electrical connection between multiple battery cells 20 .
  • each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, but not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 20 may be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes.
  • the directional exhaust device of the battery 100 can discharge the combustible gas generated by the battery 100 to the outside when thermal runaway occurs, preventing the combustible gas from entering the battery compartment and causing deflagration and explosion.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a directional exhaust device and a battery 100 provided in the present application in a specific embodiment.
  • the directional exhaust device includes at least a first exhaust part 200 and a second exhaust part 300, the first exhaust part 200 communicates with the box 10 of the battery 100, and the second exhaust part 300 communicates with the first exhaust part 200 and the outside world. In order to discharge the gas generated by the battery 100 through the first exhaust part 200 and the second exhaust part 300 .
  • the first exhaust part 200 and the second exhaust part 300 form a directional exhaust channel that can communicate with the outside world and the box body 10 , and gas can flow in the directional exhaust channel.
  • a large amount of combustible gas generated by the battery 100 when it is thermally out of control can be directly discharged to the outside through the directional exhaust channel, thereby preventing the combustible gas from entering the battery compartment, thereby preventing deflagration and explosion when the concentration of combustible gas in the battery compartment is too high, and improving energy storage.
  • the safety and service life of the warehouse is
  • a safety chamber can also be set between the first exhaust part 200 and the outside world to temporarily accommodate combustible gas, and fans and other devices that can accelerate the flow of gas are arranged in the safety chamber to accelerate the discharge of combustible gas, so that the combustible gas can Rapid discharge to the environment.
  • the first exhaust part 200 is detachably connected to the second exhaust part 300 .
  • the detachable connection between the first exhaust part 200 and the second exhaust part 300 can only replace the damaged part when the first exhaust part 200 or the second exhaust part 300 is damaged, without replacing the entire orientation. Exhaust device, thereby reducing maintenance costs.
  • the detachable connection between the first exhaust part 200 and the second exhaust part 300 can enable the first exhaust part 200 and the second exhaust part 300 to be transported separately during transportation, thereby reducing logistics costs.
  • the second exhaust part 300 is provided with a first installation hole 301 , and the second exhaust part 300 is sleeved on the first exhaust part 200 through the first installation hole 301 outside.
  • the first installation hole 301 is a through hole on the second exhaust part 300, and the first installation hole 301 enables the first exhaust part 200 to be directly sleeved on the second exhaust part 300, thereby facilitating Installation of the first exhaust part 200 and the second exhaust part 300 .
  • first exhaust part 200 and the second exhaust part 300 are sealed by a first sealing member 302 .
  • the first sealing member 302 may specifically be a gasket, glue or the like.
  • the first sealing member 302 can seal the part where the first exhaust part 200 and the second exhaust part 300 are connected, and prevent the combustible gas flowing to the outside through the first exhaust part 200 and the second exhaust part 300 from being trapped in the first exhaust part.
  • the connection between the 200 and the second exhaust part 300 leaks into the battery compartment, causing deflagration and explosion of the battery compartment, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the directional exhaust device.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another specific embodiment of the directional exhaust device and the battery 100 provided in the present application. As shown in FIG. 3 , the first exhaust part 200 and the second exhaust part 300 are integrated.
  • the integrated structure of the first exhaust part 200 and the second exhaust part 300 does not require installation between the first exhaust part 200 and the second exhaust part 300, thereby simplifying the directional exhaust device. the installation process.
  • the integrated structure of the first exhaust part 200 and the second exhaust part 300 does not need to seal the area where the first exhaust part 200 and the second exhaust part 300 are connected, which simplifies the structure of the directional exhaust device.
  • the first exhaust portion 200 and the second exhaust portion 300 are bent relative to each other.
  • the first exhaust part 200 and the second exhaust part 300 of the directional exhaust device can adjust the relative bending degree and angle according to different installation environments, so that the directional exhaust device can be applied to various environment of.
  • the first exhaust portion 200 is used to plug into the case 10 of the battery 100 .
  • the plug-in form makes the operator Only by moving the position of the electric box, the first exhaust part 200 can be plugged into the electric box, thereby realizing quick insertion and blind insertion of the directional exhaust device during installation, and making the installation of the directional exhaust device faster.
  • the first exhaust portion 200 is sealed with the case 10 of the battery 100 by a second sealing member 201 .
  • the second sealing member 201 may specifically be a gasket, glue or the like.
  • the second seal 201 can seal the connection part between the first exhaust part 200 and the box body 10 of the battery 100, preventing the combustible gas flowing to the outside through the first exhaust part 200 and the second exhaust part 300 from the first exhaust part.
  • the place where the 200 is connected to the box body 10 of the battery 100 leaks into the battery compartment, causing deflagration and explosion of the battery compartment, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the directional exhaust device.
  • the battery cell 20 is connected with a pressure relief device
  • the box body 10 has an inner cavity 13 communicating with the pressure relief device.
  • the box body 10 has a second installation hole 14 through which the first exhaust part 200 is connected to the box body 10 so that the first exhaust part 200 communicates with the pressure relief device.
  • the pressure relief device may be an explosion-proof valve
  • the explosion-proof valve is a pressure relief mechanism capable of releasing the internal pressure of the battery 100 when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery 100 reaches a threshold value.
  • the gas pressure inside the battery 100 is less than the opening pressure value of the explosion-proof valve, the explosion-proof valve is in a closed state, and the gas inside the battery 100 does not communicate with the outside gas;
  • thermal runaway occurs under the action of internal and external factors such as overheating, mechanical collision, etc., a large amount of combustible gas is generated inside the battery 100, making the gas pressure inside the battery 100 higher than the opening pressure value of the explosion-proof valve, and the explosion-proof valve changes from closed state to In the open state, the combustible gas inside the battery 100 can be discharged through the explosion-proof valve, thereby preventing a large amount of combustible gas from accumulating inside the battery and causing the battery to deflagrate and explode.
  • the second installation hole 14 is a through hole on the box body 10, through the second installation hole 14, the first exhaust part 200 can be conveniently plugged into the box body 10, and only by moving the box of the battery 100
  • the body 10 can install the directional exhaust device and the box body 10 of the battery 100 together, so as to realize the quick insertion when the directional exhaust device is installed, and then make the first exhaust part 200 communicate with the pressure relief device.
  • the first exhaust part 200 can also be provided with a connection structure matching with the second installation hole 14 of the box body 10 , for example, the first exhaust part 200 can be provided with a card slot to cooperate with the second installation hole 14 of the box body 10 .
  • the combustible gas generated by the battery cell 20 under the condition of thermal runaway can be discharged through the pressure relief device into the inner cavity 13 that the pressure relief device communicates with the box body 10.
  • the inner cavity 13 is a closed inner cavity 13 that is only connected to the pressure relief device It communicates with the directional exhaust device, so the combustible gas can be discharged to the outside through the directional exhaust device, so as not to enter the battery compartment and cause deflagration and explosion.
  • the energy storage prefabricated warehouse has partition boards inside, and the partition boards are used to divide the energy storage prefabricated warehouse into multiple warehouses.
  • the inner chamber 13 of the partition boards communicates with the outside world, and the partition boards are The second exhaust part 300 .
  • the energy storage prefabricated warehouse can be divided into multiple warehouses by the compartment board, and the battery warehouse is used to place the battery.
  • the battery warehouse is used to place the battery.
  • the compartment plate can be used as the second exhaust part 300, and the inner cavity 13 of the compartment plate can communicate with the outside world, so that the combustible gas generated by the battery 100 in the case of thermal runaway can pass through the second exhaust part 300 discharge to the outside world.
  • the compartment plate can not only be used to separate each compartment, but also can be used to discharge the combustible gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery 100, that is, the compartment plate has various function, there is no need to additionally set the second exhaust part 300 in the prefabricated energy storage bin, which can simplify the structure of the prefabricated energy storage bin and reduce the production cost of the prefabricated energy storage bin.
  • a second exhaust part 300 communicating with the outside world may be additionally provided in the energy storage prefabricated bin, and it only needs to communicate the second exhaust part 300 with the first exhaust part 200.
  • the second row The air part 300 may be connected to the compartment plate or not, and the functions and structures of the two are relatively independent.
  • the present application provides a directional exhaust device, the directional exhaust device includes a first exhaust part 200 and a second exhaust part 300, wherein the first The exhaust part 200 can be a compartment plate, the first exhaust part 200 communicates with the second exhaust part 300, the other end of the first exhaust part 200 can communicate with the outside world, and the other end of the second exhaust part 300 communicates with the electrical box. connect.
  • the pressure relief device discharges the combustible gas generated by the cell to the inner cavity 13 between the second exhaust part 300 and the pressure relief device, and the combustible gas in the inner cavity 13 passes through the first exhaust part 200 And the second exhaust part 300 is discharged to the outside, so as to prevent combustible gas from entering the battery compartment to cause deflagration and explosion, causing huge losses.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

本申请涉及一种定向排气装置、电池及储能预制仓，该定向排气装置至少包括第一排气部和第二排气部，第一排气部与电池的箱体连通，第二排气部与第一排气部和外界连通，以便通过第一排气部和第二排气部排出电池产生的气体。电池在热失控时产生的大量可燃气体通过该定向排气通道能够直接排放到外界，从而防止可燃气体进入电池仓，从而防止电池仓内可燃气体浓度过高时引起爆燃爆炸，提高储能预制仓的安全性和使用寿命。

Description

一种定向排气装置、电池及储能预制仓
本申请要求享有于2021年11月02日提交的名称为“一种定向排气装置、电池及储能预制仓”的中国专利申请202122662208.8的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及储能设备技术领域，尤其涉及一种定向排气装置、电池及储能预制仓。
 背景技术
构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统是实现碳达峰、碳中和重要的举措，储能预制仓在新型电力系统中肩负重任。电池为电化学储能的主要形式，同时，由于储能预制仓具有高度的集成化和便捷的安装方式的特点，储能预制仓成为了电池储能电站的主要产品形式。
放置在储能预制仓内的电池在过充过放、过热、机械碰撞等内部和外部因素的作用下，容易引起电池隔膜崩溃、内部短路，从而导致热失控的发生。热失控发生后，电池会产生大量可燃气体，可燃气体极易引起爆燃爆炸，从而影响储能预制仓的安全使用并造成巨大的损失。
 技术问题
本申请提供了一种定向排气装置、电池及储能预制仓，该定向排气装置能够提高储能预制仓的安全性和使用寿命。
 技术解决方案
本申请实施例提供一种定向排气装置，该定向排气装置至少包括第一排气部和第二排气部，第一排气部与电池的箱体连通，第二排气部与第一排气部和外界连通，以便通过第一排气部和第二排气部排出电池产生的气体。
在一种可能的设计中，第一排气部与第二排气部可拆卸连接。在第一排气部或第二排气部损坏时能够仅更换损坏的部分，而无需更换整个定向排气装置，从而降低维修成本。使第一排气部和第二排气部在运输过程中能够分开运输，从而降低物流成本。
在一种可能的设计中，第二排气部设置有第一安装孔，第二排气部通过第一安装孔套接于第一排气部外侧。第一安装孔使第一排气部能够直接套接于第二排气部上，从而便于第一排气部与第二排气部的安装。
在一种可能的设计中，第一排气部与第二排气部之间通过第一密封件密封。第一密封件能够密封第一排气部和第二排气部连接的部分，防止通过第一排气部和第二排气部流向外界的可燃气体在第一排气部和第二排气部连接的地方泄露进电池仓内，造成电池仓爆燃爆炸，从而提高定向排气装置的可靠性和安全性。
在一种可能的设计中，第一排气部与第二排气部为一体式结构，简化了定向排气装置的安装过程。同时，该一体式结构无需对第一排气部和第二排气部连接的区域进行密封，简化了定向排气装置的结构。
在一种可能的设计中，第一排气部与第二排气部相对弯折。定向排气装置的第一排气部与第二排气部能够根据安装环境的不同调整相对弯折程度和角度，从而使定向排气装置能够适用于多种不同的环境。
在一种可能的设计中，第一排气部用于与电池的箱体插接。由于对电池的箱体和定向排气装置进行安装时往往看不到第一排气部和箱体用于安装的侧面，因此插接的形式使操作者仅通过移动电箱的位置即可使第一排气部插接于电箱上，从而实现了定向排气装置安装时的快插、盲插，使定向排气装置的安装更加快捷。
在一种可能的设计中，第一排气部与电池的箱体之间通过第二密封件密封。第二密封件能够密封第一排气部和电池的箱体连接的部分，防止通过第一排气部和第二排气部流向外界的可燃气体从第一排气部和电池的箱体连接的地方泄露进电池仓内，造成电池仓爆燃爆炸，从而提高定向排气装置的可靠性和安全性。
本申请实施例提供一种电池，电池包括电池单体、箱体和上述的定向排气装置。电池单体容纳于箱体内。箱体用于为电池单体提供容纳空间，箱体可以采用多种结构。电池的定向排气装置能够将电池在发生热失控情况下产生的可燃气体排放到外界，防止可燃气体进入电池仓引起爆燃爆炸。
在一种可能的设计中，电池单体连接有泄压装置，箱体具有与泄压装置连通的内腔；箱体具有第二安装孔，第一排气部通过第二安装孔与箱体连接，以使第一排气部与泄压装置连通。通过第二安装孔，第一排气部能够方便的与箱体插接，仅通过移动电池的箱体即可将定向排气装置与电池的箱体安装在一起，从而实现了定向排气装置安装时的快插，进而使第一排气部与泄压装置连通。电池单体在热失控情况下产生的可燃气体能够通过泄压装置排放到泄压装置与箱体连通的内腔中，该内腔为的封闭内腔，仅与泄压装置和定向排气装置连通，因此可燃气体能够通过定向排气装置排放到外界，从而不会进入到电池仓内引起爆燃爆炸。
本申请实施例还提供一种储能预制仓，储能预制仓包括电池仓和上述的电池。电池仓能够放置电池，从而实现储能预制仓储存能量的功能。
在一种可能的设计中，储能预制仓内具有隔仓板，隔仓板用于将储能预制仓分隔为多个仓，隔仓板的内腔与外界连通，隔仓板为第二排气部。通过隔仓板能够将储能预制仓分隔为多个仓，用于放置电池的为电池仓，此外还设置有电器仓、水冷机组仓等，从而使各个仓彼此配合实现储能预制仓的正常工作。隔仓板可以作为第二排气部，通过第二排气部，隔仓板的内腔能够与外界连通，从而使电池在热失控情况下产生的可燃气体能够通过第二排气部排放到外界。将隔仓板设置为第二排气部时，使得该隔仓板不仅能够用于隔开各个仓，还能够用于排出电池热失控产生的可燃气体，即该隔仓板具有多种功能，无需在储能预制仓中另外设置第二排气部，能够简化储能预制仓的结构，降低储能预制仓的生产费用。
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性的，并不能限制本申请。
 有益效果
电池在热失控时产生的大量可燃气体通过该定向排气通道能够直接排放到外界，从而防止可燃气体进入电池仓，从而防止电池仓内可燃气体浓度过高时引起爆燃爆炸，提高储能预制仓的安全性和使用寿命。
 附图说明
图1为本申请所提供的电池在一种具体实施例中的爆炸图；
图2为本申请所提供定向排气装置与电池在一种具体实施例中的局部结构示意图；
图3为本申请所提供定向排气装置与电池在另一种具体实施例中的局部结构示意图。
附图标记：
100-电池；
10-箱体；
   11-第一部分；
   12-第二部分；
   13-内腔；
   14-第二安装孔；
20-电池单体
200-第一排气部；
201-第二密封件；
300-第二排气部；
301-第一安装孔；
302-第一密封件。
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，示出了符合本申请的实施例，并与说明书一起用于解释本申请的原理。
 本发明的实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上（包括两个），同理，“多组”指的是两组以上（包括两组），“多片”指的是两片以上（包括两片）。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统，是实现碳达峰、碳中和的重要举措，储能在新型电力系统中肩负重任。当前，中国新型储能设备的规模飙升，电池成为电化学储能的主要形式，同时，储能预制仓以其高度的集成化及便捷的安装方式又成为电池储能电站的主要产品形式。
本申请人注意到，电池在过充过放、过热、机械碰撞等内部和外部因素的作用下，容易引起电池隔膜崩溃、内部短路，从而导致热失控的发生。热失控发生后，电池会产生大量可燃气体，可燃气体直接排放到电池仓内后可能引起爆燃爆炸。就目前传统的安全消防措施而言，并不能有效抑制电池的热失控，从而导致初期火灾迅速蔓延，进而演变为大规模火灾，造成巨大的危险和严重的损失。
为了缓解电池热失控引发火灾的问题，申请人研究发现，通过将电池产生的可燃气体排放到外界，能够防止可燃气体停留、积聚在电池仓内引起爆燃爆炸。本申请通过定向排气装置将储能预制仓中的电池产生的可燃气体排放至室外。
本申请实施例公开的定向排气装置可以但不限用于对储能预制仓中的电池产生的可燃气体进行定向排放，也可用于其他场景下的气体的定向排放。其中，该储能预制仓包括电池仓和电池，电池仓能够放置电池，从而实现储能预制仓储存能量的功能。
请参照图1，图1为本申请所提供的电池在一种具体实施例中的爆炸图。本申请实施例提供一种电池100，该电池100包括电池单体20、箱体10和定向排气装置。
在本实施例中，电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。其中，箱体10用于为电池单体20提供容纳空间，箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一部分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，第一部分11和第二部分12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间。第二部分12可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分11可以为板状结构，第一部分11盖合于第二部分12的开口侧，以使第一部分11与第二部分12共同限定出容纳空间；第一部分11和第二部分12也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分11的开口侧盖合于第二部分12的开口侧。当然，第一部分11和第二部分12形成的箱体10可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内；当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池100模块形式，多个电池100模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体20可以为二次电池或一次电池；还可以是锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。电池单体20可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
另外，电池100的定向排气装置能够将电池100在发生热失控情况下产生的可燃气体排放到外界，防止可燃气体进入电池仓引起爆燃爆炸。
请参照图2，图2为本申请所提供定向排气装置与电池100在一种具体实施例中的局部结构示意图。定向排气装置至少包括第一排气部200和第二排气部300，第一排气部200与电池100的箱体10连通，第二排气部300与第一排气部200和外界连通，以便通过第一排气部200和第二排气部300排出电池100产生的气体。
如图2所示，第一排气部200和第二排气部300形成了一个能够连通外界和箱体10的定向排气通道，气体能够在该定向排气通道内流动。电池100在热失控时产生的大量可燃气体通过该定向排气通道能够直接排放到外界，从而防止可燃气体进入电池仓，从而防止电池仓内可燃气体浓度过高时引起爆燃爆炸，提高储能预制仓的安全性和使用寿命。
另外，在第一排气部200与外界之间也可以设置一个安全仓以暂时容纳可燃气体，在安全仓内设置风扇等能够加速气体流动的设备以加速可燃气体的排出，从而使可燃气体能够快速地排放到外界。
在一种具体实施例中，如图2所示，第一排气部200与第二排气部300可拆卸连接。
在本实施例中，第一排气部200与第二排气部300可拆卸连接能够在第一排气部200或第二排气部300损坏时仅更换损坏的部分，而无需更换整个定向排气装置，从而降低维修成本。同时，第一排气部200与第二排气部300可拆卸连接能够使第一排气部200和第二排气部300在运输过程中能够分开运输，从而降低物流成本。
在一种具体的实施例中，如图2所示，第二排气部300设置有第一安装孔301，第二排气部300通过第一安装孔301套接于第一排气部200外侧。
在本实施例中，第一安装孔301为第二排气部300上的通孔，第一安装孔301使第一排气部200能够直接套接于第二排气部300上，从而便于第一排气部200与第二排气部300的安装。
具体地，如图2所示，第一排气部200与第二排气部300之间通过第一密封件302密封。
在本实施例中，第一密封件302具体可以为密封垫、粘胶等。第一密封件302能够密封第一排气部200和第二排气部300连接的部分，防止通过第一排气部200和第二排气部300流向外界的可燃气体在第一排气部200和第二排气部300连接的地方泄露进电池仓内，造成电池仓爆燃爆炸，从而提高定向排气装置的可靠性和安全性。
图3为本申请所提供定向排气装置与电池100在另一种具体实施例中的结构示意图，如图3所示，第一排气部200与第二排气部300为一体式结构。
在本实施例中，第一排气部200与第二排气部300为一体式结构无需进行第一排气部200和第二排气部300之间的安装，从而简化了定向排气装置的安装过程。同时，第一排气部200和第二排气部300为一体式结构无需对第一排气部200和第二排气部300连接的区域进行密封，简化了定向排气装置的结构。
在一种具体的实施例中，如图2和图3所示，第一排气部200与第二排气部300相对弯折。
在本实施例中，定向排气装置的第一排气部200与第二排气部300能够根据安装环境的不同调整相对弯折程度和角度，从而使定向排气装置能够适用于多种不同的环境。
在一种具体的实施例中，如图2和图3所示，第一排气部200用于与电池100的箱体10插接。
在本实施例中，由于对电池100的箱体10和定向排气装置进行安装时往往看不到第一排气部200和箱体10用于安装的侧面，因此插接的形式使操作者仅通过移动电箱的位置即可使第一排气部200插接于电箱上，从而实现了定向排气装置安装时的快插、盲插，使定向排气装置的安装更加快捷。
具体地，如图2和图3所示，第一排气部200与电池100的箱体10之间通过第二密封件201密封。
在本实施例中，第二密封件201具体可以为密封垫、粘胶等。第二密封件201能够密封第一排气部200和电池100的箱体10连接的部分，防止通过第一排气部200和第二排气部300流向外界的可燃气体从第一排气部200和电池100的箱体10连接的地方泄露进电池仓内，造成电池仓爆燃爆炸，从而提高定向排气装置的可靠性和安全性。
在一种具体的实施例中，如图2和图3所示，电池单体20连接有泄压装置，箱体10具有与泄压装置连通的内腔13。箱体10具有第二安装孔14，第一排气部200通过第二安装孔14与箱体10连接，以使第一排气部200与泄压装置连通。
其中，泄压装置可以为防爆阀，防爆阀是一种在电池100的内部压力或温度达到阈值时能够泄放电池100内部压力的泄压机构。例如，当电池100正常工作时，电池100内部的气体压强小于防爆阀的开启压力值，防爆阀处于关闭状态，电池100内部的气体与外部的气体互不流通；当电池100在过充过放、过热、机械碰撞等内部和外部因素的作用下发生热失控时，电池100的内部产生大量的可燃气体，使电池100内部的气体压强大于防爆阀的开启压力值，防爆阀由关闭状态转变为开启状态，使电池100内部的可燃气体能够经防爆阀排出，从而防止大量可燃气体积聚在电池内部引起电池爆燃爆炸。
在本实施例中，第二安装孔14为箱体10上的通孔，通过第二安装孔14，第一排气部200能够方便的与箱体10插接，仅通过移动电池100的箱体10即可将定向排气装置与电池100的箱体10安装在一起，从而实现了定向排气装置安装时的快插，进而使第一排气部200与泄压装置连通。该第一排气部200也可以设置与箱体10的第二安装孔14配合的连接结构，例如第一排气部200可以设置卡槽，从而与箱体10的第二安装孔14配合。
电池单体20在热失控情况下产生的可燃气体能够通过泄压装置排放到泄压装置与箱体10连通的内腔13中，该内腔13为的封闭内腔13，仅与泄压装置和定向排气装置连通，因此可燃气体能够通过定向排气装置排放到外界，从而不会进入到电池仓内引起爆燃爆炸。
在一种具体的实施例中，储能预制仓内具有隔仓板，隔仓板用于将储能预制仓分隔为多个仓，隔仓板的内腔13与外界连通，隔仓板为第二排气部300。
在本实施例中，通过隔仓板能够将储能预制仓分隔为多个仓，用于放置电池的为电池仓，此外还设置有电器仓、水冷机组仓等，从而使各个仓彼此配合实现储能预制仓的正常工作。
在本实施例中，隔仓板可以作为第二排气部300，隔仓板的内腔13能够与外界连通，从而使电池100在热失控情况下产生的可燃气体能够通过第二排气部300排放到外界。将隔仓板设置为第二排气部300时，使得该隔仓板不仅能够用于隔开各个仓，还能够用于排出电池100热失控产生的可燃气体，即该隔仓板具有多种功能，无需在储能预制仓中另外设置第二排气部300，能够简化储能预制仓的结构，降低储能预制仓的生产费用。
另外，也可以在储能预制仓内另外设置与外界连通的第二排气部300，并将该第二排气部300与第一排气部200连通即可，此时，该第二排气部300与隔仓板之间可以连接，也可以不连接，二者的功能和结构相对独立。
根据本申请的实施例，如图1和图2所示，本申请提供了一种定向排气装置，该定向排气装置包括第一排气部200和第二排气部300，其中第一排气部200可以为隔仓板，第一排气部200与第二排气部300连通，第一排气部200的另一端能够连通外界，第二排气部300的另一端与电箱连接。当电池100发生热失控时泄压装置将电芯产生的可燃气体排放到第二排气部300与泄压装置之间的内腔13，内腔13中的可燃气体经第一排气部200和第二排气部300排放到外界，从而防止可燃气体进入电池仓引起爆燃爆炸，造成巨大的损失。
以上所述仅为本申请的可选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种定向排气装置，其中，所述定向排气装置至少包括第一排气部（200）和第二排气部（300），所述第一排气部（200）与电池（100）的箱体（10）连通，所述第二排气部（300）与所述第一排气部（200）和外界连通，以便通过所述第一排气部（200）和所述第二排气部（300）排出所述电池（100）产生的气体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的定向排气装置，其中，所述第一排气部（200）与所述第二排气部（300）可拆卸连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的定向排气装置，其中，所述第二排气部（300）设置有第一安装孔（301），所述第二排气部（300）通过所述第一安装孔（301）套接于所述第一排气部（200）外侧。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的定向排气装置，其中，所述第一排气部（200）与所述第二排气部（300）之间通过第一密封件（302）密封。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的定向排气装置，其中，所述第一排气部（200）与所述第二排气部（300）为一体式结构。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的定向排气装置，其中，所述第一排气部（200）与所述第二排气部（300）相对弯折。
  7. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的定向排气装置，其中，所述第一排气部（200）用于与所述电池（100）的箱体（10）插接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的定向排气装置，其中，所述第一排气部（200）与所述电池（100）的箱体（10）之间通过第二密封件（201）密封。
  9. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的定向排气装置，其中，在所述第一排气部与外界之间设置有安全仓以暂时容纳气体。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的定向排气装置，其中，在所述安全仓内设置风扇以加速气体的排出。
  11. 一种电池，其中，所述电池（100）包括电池单体（20）、箱体（10）和权利要求1至10中任一项所述的定向排气装置。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池，其中，所述电池单体（20）连接有泄压装置，所述箱体（10）具有与所述泄压装置连通的内腔（13）；
    所述箱体（10）具有第二安装孔（14），所述第一排气部（200）通过所述第二安装孔（14）与所述箱体（10）连接，以使所述第一排气部（200）与所述泄压装置连通。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池，其中，所述第二安装孔为所述箱体上的通孔。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的电池，其中，所述第一排气部设置卡槽，从而与所述箱体的所述第二安装孔配合。
  15. 一种储能预制仓，其中，所述储能预制仓包括电池仓和权利要求11至14中的任一项所述的电池（100）。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的储能预制仓，其中，所述储能预制仓内具有隔仓板，所述隔仓板用于将所述储能预制仓分隔为多个仓，所述隔仓板的内腔（13）与外界连通，所述隔仓板为所述第二排气部（300）。
PCT/CN2022/124442 2021-11-02 2022-10-10 一种定向排气装置、电池及储能预制仓 WO2023078034A1 (zh)

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