WO2023073473A1 - 表示装置、及び表示装置の作製方法 - Google Patents
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- H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
- H10K59/122—Pixel-defining structures or layers, e.g. banks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
- G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
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- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
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- H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
- H10K59/35—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising red-green-blue [RGB] subpixels
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Definitions
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to a display device.
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a display device.
- one aspect of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field.
- Technical fields of one embodiment of the present invention disclosed in this specification and the like include semiconductor devices, display devices, light-emitting devices, power storage devices, memory devices, electronic devices, lighting devices, input devices, input/output devices, and driving methods thereof. , or methods for producing them, can be mentioned as an example.
- a semiconductor device refers to all devices that can function by utilizing semiconductor characteristics.
- Display devices that can be applied to display panels typically include liquid crystal display devices, organic EL (Electro Luminescence) elements, light-emitting devices equipped with light-emitting elements such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and electrophoretic display devices.
- Examples include electronic paper that performs display by, for example.
- the basic structure of an organic EL device is to sandwich a layer containing a light-emitting organic compound between a pair of electrodes. By applying a voltage to this device, light can be obtained from the light-emitting organic compound.
- a display device to which such an organic EL element is applied does not require a backlight, which is required in a liquid crystal display device or the like.
- Patent Document 1 describes an example of a display device using an organic EL element.
- display panels are required to have high color reproducibility.
- VR, AR, SR, or MR equipment by using a display panel with high color reproducibility, it is possible to display colors close to the actual colors of objects, and to enhance the sense of reality and immersion. can.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide an extremely high-definition display device.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device with high color reproducibility.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a high-luminance display device.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a highly reliable display device.
- One embodiment of the present invention includes a first insulating layer, a first light-emitting element and a second light-emitting element over the first insulating layer, a second insulating layer, a third insulating layer, and a resin. and a display device.
- the first light emitting element has a first pixel electrode, a first organic layer, and a common electrode.
- the second light emitting element has a second pixel electrode, a second organic layer, and a common electrode.
- the first light emitting element and the second light emitting element emit light of different colors.
- the first insulating layer has grooves.
- the groove has a region that overlaps with the first pixel electrode, a region that overlaps with the second pixel electrode, and a region that does not overlap with the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode.
- the second insulating layer is in contact with the first insulating layer in a region in contact with at least a portion of the upper surface of the first organic layer, in a region in contact with the side surface of the first organic layer, and below the first pixel electrode. have an area.
- the third insulating layer has a region in contact with at least a portion of the top surface of the second organic layer, a region in contact with the side surface of the second organic layer, and a region below the second pixel electrode in contact with the first insulating layer. have an area.
- the resin layer has a region in contact with the first insulating layer in a portion located between the first organic layer and the second organic layer.
- a common electrode is provided to cover the upper surface of the resin layer.
- the shortest distance between the edge of the first pixel electrode and the edge of the second pixel electrode is at least twice the film thickness of the first organic layer.
- the groove has an arcuate shape that is convex downward in a cross-sectional view.
- each of the second insulating layer and the third insulating layer preferably contains aluminum and oxygen.
- Another aspect of the present invention includes a first light emitting element including a first pixel electrode, a first organic layer and a common electrode, and a second pixel electrode, a second organic layer and a common electrode. and a second light-emitting element, wherein the first light-emitting element and the second light-emitting element emit lights of different colors.
- a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode on the first insulating layer are formed on the first insulating layer, and isotropically etching the first insulating layer to form a region overlapping the first pixel electrode; forming a groove having a region overlapping with the second pixel electrode and a region not overlapping with the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode; forming a film containing a first light-emitting compound to form a first organic layer on the first pixel electrode; forming a second insulating layer on the first organic layer; By forming a film containing a second light-emitting compound on the second pixel electrode and the first insulating layer, a second organic layer is formed on the second pixel electrode.
- a third insulating layer on the second organic layer forming a resin layer on the first insulating layer, the second insulating layer, and the third insulating layer; , part of the second insulating layer, and part of the third insulating layer are removed to form a first opening reaching the first organic layer in the resin layer and the second insulating layer. and forming a second opening reaching the second organic layer in the resin layer and the third insulating layer, overlapping the first organic layer through the first opening, and A common electrode is formed so as to overlap with the second organic layer through the opening of .
- another embodiment of the present invention provides a first light-emitting element including a first pixel electrode, a first organic layer, and a common electrode, and a second pixel electrode, a second organic layer, and a common electrode. and a second light emitting element including , wherein the first light emitting element and the second light emitting element emit light of different colors.
- first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode on the first insulating layer, and isotropically etching the first insulating layer to form a region overlapping the first pixel electrode; forming a groove having a region overlapping with the second pixel electrode and a region not overlapping with the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode; A first resist mask is formed, and a film containing a first light-emitting compound is formed over the first pixel electrode, the first insulating layer, and the first resist mask.
- a first organic layer over one pixel electrode forming the first layer over the first resist mask, forming a second insulating layer over the first organic layer, 1 resist mask and the first layer are removed, a second resist mask is formed over the second insulating layer, and the second pixel electrode, the first insulating layer, and the second
- a film containing a second light-emitting compound over the resist mask, a second organic layer is formed over the second pixel electrode, and a second organic layer is formed over the third resist mask.
- a third insulating layer over the second organic layer; removing the second resist mask and the second layer; forming a second insulating layer over the first insulating layer; A resin layer is formed over the layer and the third insulating layer, and a part of the resin layer, a part of the second insulating layer, and a part of the third insulating layer are removed to form a resin layer. and a first opening reaching the first organic layer is formed in the second insulating layer, and a second opening reaching the second organic layer is formed in the resin layer and the third insulating layer. Then, a common electrode is formed so as to overlap with the first organic layer through the first opening and overlap with the second organic layer through the second opening.
- the first insulating layer is an insulating layer containing an inorganic material, and that wet etching treatment is used to form the grooves.
- the second insulating layer and the third insulating layer are preferably formed by an ALD method.
- an extremely high-definition display device can be provided.
- a display device with high color reproducibility can be provided.
- a display device with high luminance can be provided.
- a highly reliable display device can be provided.
- a display device with low manufacturing cost can be provided.
- a method for manufacturing the display device described above can be provided.
- 1A and 1B are diagrams showing configuration examples of a display device.
- 2A and 2B are diagrams showing configuration examples of the display device.
- 3A and 3B are diagrams showing configuration examples of the display device.
- 4A and 4B are diagrams illustrating configuration examples of a display device.
- 5A to 5C are diagrams showing configuration examples of the display device.
- 6A and 6B are diagrams showing configuration examples of the display device.
- 7A to 7D are diagrams illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a display device.
- 8A to 8C are diagrams illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a display device.
- 9A to 9C are diagrams illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a display device.
- 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a display device.
- 11A to 11C are diagrams illustrating configuration examples of display devices.
- 12A and 12B are diagrams illustrating configuration examples of a display device.
- 13A and 13B are diagrams illustrating configuration examples of a display device.
- 14A and 14B are diagrams showing configuration examples of a display device.
- 15A to 15G are diagrams showing examples of pixels.
- 16A to 16I are diagrams showing examples of pixels.
- 17A and 17B are diagrams illustrating configuration examples of a display device.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a display device.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a display device.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a display device.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a display device.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a display device.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a display device.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a display device.
- 25A to 25F are diagrams showing configuration examples of light-emitting elements.
- 26A to 26C are diagrams showing configuration examples of light-emitting elements.
- 27A to 27D are diagrams illustrating examples of electronic devices.
- 28A to 28F are diagrams illustrating examples of electronic devices.
- 29A to 29G are diagrams illustrating examples of electronic devices.
- holes or electrons are sometimes referred to as "carriers".
- the hole injection layer or electron injection layer is referred to as a "carrier injection layer”
- the hole transport layer or electron transport layer is referred to as a “carrier transport layer”
- the hole blocking layer or electron blocking layer is referred to as a "carrier It is sometimes called a block layer.
- the carrier injection layer, the carrier transport layer, and the carrier block layer described above may not be clearly distinguished from each other due to their cross-sectional shape, characteristics, or the like.
- one layer may serve as two or three functions of the carrier injection layer, the carrier transport layer, and the carrier block layer.
- a light-emitting element (also referred to as a light-emitting device) has an EL layer between a pair of electrodes.
- the EL layer has at least a light-emitting layer.
- the layers (also referred to as functional layers) included in the EL layer include a light-emitting layer, a carrier-injection layer (hole-injection layer and electron-injection layer), a carrier-transport layer (hole-transport layer and electron-transport layer), and A carrier block layer (a hole block layer and an electron block layer) and the like are included.
- the tapered shape refers to a shape in which at least a part of the side surface of the structure is inclined with respect to the substrate surface.
- a region where the angle between the inclined side surface and the substrate surface also referred to as a taper angle
- the side surfaces of the structure and the substrate surface are not necessarily completely flat, and may be substantially planar with a small curvature or substantially planar with fine unevenness.
- reverse tapered shape refers to the case where the angle in the structure formed by at least part of the side surface of the structure and the bottom surface is greater than 90°.
- the reverse tapered shape is a shape having a side portion or an upper portion protruding in a direction parallel to the substrate from the bottom portion.
- a display device of one embodiment of the present invention includes light-emitting elements (also referred to as light-emitting devices) that emit lights of different colors.
- a light-emitting element includes a lower electrode, an upper electrode, and a layer containing a light-emitting compound (also referred to as a light-emitting layer or an EL layer) therebetween.
- Electroluminescence elements such as organic EL elements and inorganic EL elements are preferably used as the light emitting elements.
- a light emitting diode (LED) may be used.
- the light emitting element for example, it is preferable to use an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) or a QLED (Quantum-dot Light Emitting Diode).
- the light-emitting substance included in the light-emitting element include a substance that emits fluorescence (fluorescent material), a substance that emits phosphorescence (phosphorescence material), and a substance that exhibits thermally activated delayed fluorescence (thermally activated delayed fluorescence: TADF ) materials), and inorganic compounds (quantum dot materials, etc.).
- LEDs such as micro LED (Light Emitting Diode), can also be used as a light emitting element.
- the emission color of the light emitting element can be red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, yellow, white, or the like. Further, the color purity can be enhanced by providing the light-emitting element with a microcavity structure.
- Embodiment Mode 2 can be referred to for the structure and material of the light-emitting element.
- the light-emitting layer may contain one or more compounds (host material, assist material) in addition to the light-emitting substance (guest material).
- the host material and the assist material one or a plurality of substances having an energy gap larger than that of the light-emitting substance (guest material) can be selected and used.
- the host material and the assist material it is preferable to use a combination of compounds that form an exciplex. In order to efficiently form an exciplex, it is particularly preferable to combine a compound that easily accepts holes (hole-transporting material) and a compound that easily accepts electrons (electron-transporting material).
- Both low-molecular-weight compounds and high-molecular-weight compounds can be used in the light-emitting element, and inorganic compounds (quantum dot materials, etc.) may be included.
- pixels having one or more light emitting elements are arranged at a resolution of 2000 ppi or more, preferably 3000 ppi or more, more preferably 5000 ppi or more, and even more preferably 6000 ppi or more, and 20000 ppi or less, or 30000 ppi or less.
- a very high-definition display device is preferable.
- FIG. 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating a display device of one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic top view of the display device 100A
- FIG. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the display device 100A.
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the portion indicated by the dashed-dotted line A1-A2 in FIG. 1A. Note that some elements are omitted in the top view of FIG. 1A for clarity of illustration.
- the display device 100A has an insulating layer 105, a light emitting element 110R, a light emitting element 110G, and a light emitting element 110B.
- the light emitting element 110R is a red light emitting element
- the light emitting element 110G is a green light emitting element
- the light emitting element 110B is a blue light emitting element.
- the light emitting element 110R and the light emitting element 110G emit light of different colors.
- the light-emitting element 110G and the light-emitting element 110B emit light of different colors.
- the light emitting element 110B and the light emitting element 110R emit light of different colors.
- an SBS side-by-side
- the material and structure can be optimized for each light-emitting element, so the degree of freedom in selecting the material and structure increases, and it becomes easy to improve luminance and reliability.
- the light emitting element 110R has a pixel electrode 111R, an organic layer 112R, a common layer 114, and a common electrode 113.
- the light emitting element 110G has a pixel electrode 111G, an organic layer 112G, a common layer 114, and a common electrode 113.
- the light emitting element 110B has a pixel electrode 111B, an organic layer 112B, a common layer 114, and a common electrode 113.
- the common layer 114 and the common electrode 113 are commonly provided for the light emitting elements 110R, 110G, and 110B.
- the organic layer 112R has a light-emitting organic compound that emits light having an intensity in at least the red wavelength range.
- the organic layer 112G contains a light-emitting organic compound that emits light having an intensity in at least the green wavelength range.
- the organic layer 112B contains a light-emitting organic compound that emits light having an intensity in at least the blue wavelength range.
- the organic layer 112R, the organic layer 112G, and the organic layer 112B have at least a layer (light-emitting layer) containing a light-emitting organic compound.
- a pixel electrode 111R, a pixel electrode 111G, and a pixel electrode 111B are provided for each light emitting element. Further, the common layer 114 and the common electrode 113 are provided as a continuous layer common to each light emitting element.
- a conductive film having a property of transmitting visible light is used for one of the pixel electrodes and the common electrode 113, and a conductive film having a reflective property is used for the other.
- a protective layer 121 is provided on the common electrode 113 to cover the light emitting elements 110R, 110G, and 110B.
- the protective layer 121 has a function of preventing impurities such as water from diffusing into each light emitting element from above.
- the symbols added to the reference numerals may be omitted and the light emitting elements 110 may be used for description.
- the pixel electrode 111R, the pixel electrode 111G, and the pixel electrode 111B may also be described as the pixel electrode 111 in some cases.
- the organic layer 112R, the organic layer 112G, and the organic layer 112B may also be described as the organic layer 112 in some cases.
- the combination of colors of light emitted by the light emitting element 110 is not limited to the above, and for example, colors such as cyan, magenta, and yellow may also be used. In the above, an example of three colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) is shown. or four or more colors.
- the pixel electrode 111 functions as a lower electrode, and the common electrode 113 functions as an upper electrode.
- the common electrode 113 is transmissive and reflective to visible light.
- Organic layer 112 includes a light-emitting compound.
- the light-emitting element 110 can be an electroluminescence element having a function of emitting light by current flowing through the organic layer 112 by applying a potential difference between the pixel electrode 111 and the common electrode 113 .
- the light-emitting element 110 is preferably an element that emits monochromatic light whose emission spectrum has one peak in the visible light region.
- the light emitting element 110 may be an element that emits white light whose emission spectrum has two or more peaks in the visible light region.
- a pixel electrode 111 provided for each light emitting element 110 is independently applied with a potential for controlling the amount of light emitted by the light emitting element 110 .
- the organic layer 112 and the common layer 114 may each independently have one or more of an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, a hole injection layer, and a hole transport layer.
- the organic layer 112 may have a stacked structure of a hole-injection layer, a hole-transport layer, a light-emitting layer, and an electron-transport layer from the pixel electrode 111 side, and the common layer 114 may have an electron-injection layer. can.
- the common electrode 113 is formed so as to have transparency and reflectivity with respect to visible light.
- a metal film or an alloy film thin enough to transmit visible light can be used.
- a light-transmitting conductive film eg, a metal oxide film
- stacked over such a film may be used.
- the insulating layer 105 has grooves.
- One groove is provided in the insulating layer 105 in a region located between two pixel electrodes 111 adjacent in the A1-A2 direction shown in FIG. 1A.
- a groove 175_2 is provided in a region of the insulating layer 105 located between the light emitting element 110R and the light emitting element 110G, and the insulating layer 105 is located between the light emitting element 110G and the light emitting element 110B.
- a groove 175_3 is provided in a region located between them, and a groove 175_1 is provided in a region of the insulating layer 105 located between the light emitting element 110B and the light emitting element 110R.
- grooves 175_1, 175_2, and 175_3 when describing items common to the grooves 175_1, 175_2, and 175_3, the symbols added to the reference numerals may be omitted and the grooves 175 may be used for description.
- the direction in which the grooves 175 provided in the insulating layer 105 extend is the x-direction, and the direction perpendicular to the x-direction is the y-direction.
- the groove 175 has a linear shape extending in the x direction.
- the arrangement of the light emitting elements 110 is the stripe arrangement shown in FIG. 1A
- adjacent light emitting elements of the same color are arranged in the x direction
- adjacent light emitting elements of different colors are arranged in the y direction.
- the y-direction can be rephrased as the A1-A2 direction shown in FIG. 1A.
- a part of the groove 175 is preferably located below the pixel electrode 111 .
- the groove 175 preferably has a region located below the pixel electrode 111 .
- the groove 175 located between the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode, the groove 175 has a first region overlapping with the first pixel electrode and a second region overlapping with the second pixel electrode. , and a third region that does not overlap with the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode.
- the third region is located between the first region and the second region. Also, it can be said that the first region is positioned below the first pixel electrode. Also, it can be said that the second region is positioned below the second pixel electrode. Note that the light-emitting element having the first pixel electrode and the light-emitting element having the second pixel electrode emit light of different colors.
- the groove 175 preferably has an arcuate shape that protrudes downward in a cross-sectional view of the display device 100A.
- the downwardly convex circular arc shape can also be said to be a concave curved surface shape.
- the downwardly convex circular arc shape includes a downwardly convex semicircular shape.
- the organic layer 112 may form an island pattern by film formation using a shadow mask such as a metal mask, but it is particularly preferable to use a processing method that does not use a metal mask. As a result, it is possible to form an extremely fine pattern, so that the definition and the aperture ratio can be improved as compared with the formation method using a metal mask.
- a processing method typically, a photolithography method can be used.
- formation methods such as nanoimprinting and sandblasting can also be used.
- a device manufactured using a metal mask or FMM may be referred to as a device with an MM (metal mask) structure.
- a device manufactured without using a metal mask or FMM may be referred to as a device with an MML (metal maskless) structure.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the groove 175 and its vicinity in the display device 100A. Note that some elements (the organic layer 112, the common electrode 113, etc.) are omitted in FIG. 2A for clarity of illustration.
- a width W1 shown in FIG. 2A is the width of the groove 175 in the region not overlapping the pixel electrode 111 in the A1-A2 direction.
- the width W1 can be rephrased as the shortest distance between the ends of the pixel electrodes 111 facing each other.
- a width W2 shown in FIG. 2A is the width of the groove 175 in the region overlapping the pixel electrode 111 in the A1-A2 direction.
- the width W1 is preferably twice or more the film thickness of the organic layer 112.
- the width W1 is 200 nm or more and 1200 nm or less, preferably 200 nm or more and 1000 nm or less, more preferably 200 nm or more and 900 nm or less.
- the organic layer 112 is cut off by the groove 175 , and the organic layer 112 can be formed on the pixel electrode 111 .
- the organic layer 112 is arranged to cover the side and top surfaces of the pixel electrode 111 .
- a layer covering a structure means a state in which the layer covers part of an end surface of the structure, or a state in which the layer completely covers the end surface of the structure. It refers to the state where Here, the layer is an insulating layer, an insulating film, a conductive layer, or the like. Moreover, the structure is a conductive layer, an organic layer, a laminate, a light-emitting element, or the like.
- the width W1 may be appropriately adjusted according to the processing accuracy when forming the groove 175, the film forming conditions of the organic layer 112, and the like.
- the organic layer 112 is formed using, for example, a vacuum evaporation method, even if the width W1 is smaller than twice the film thickness of the organic layer 112, the organic layer 112 may be broken.
- the width W1 may be 100 nm or more and 1200 nm or less, 1000 nm or less, or 900 nm or less.
- the width W2 may be any width that causes a discontinuity in the organic layer 112 .
- the width W2 is preferably 2 nm or more, 5 nm or more, 10 nm or more, or 20 nm or more, and 500 nm or less, 300 nm or less, 200 nm or less, 150 nm or less, or 100 nm or less.
- pixels having one or more light emitting elements are arranged at a resolution of 2000 ppi or more, preferably 3000 ppi or more, more preferably 5000 ppi or more, and still more preferably 6000 ppi or more, and 20000 ppi or less, or 30000 ppi or less. , an extremely high-definition display device can be realized.
- the organic layer 112 is preferably formed so that the light emitting elements exhibiting the same color are continuous without being separated.
- the organic layer 112 may be formed in stripes.
- the common electrode 113 is preferably formed so as to be continuous without being divided between light emitting elements exhibiting the same color, and is preferably formed so as to be continuous without being divided between light emitting elements. Accordingly, a predetermined potential can be applied to the common electrode 113 of all the light emitting elements without being in a floating state.
- the end of the organic layer 112 is located outside the end of the pixel electrode 111.
- the edge of the organic layer 112 covers the edge of the pixel electrode 111 .
- the display device 100A has an insulating layer 118a on the organic layer 112R, an insulating layer 118b on the organic layer 112G, an insulating layer 118c on the organic layer 112B, and a resin layer 126.
- the symbols added to the reference numerals may be omitted and the description may be given as the insulating layer 118.
- the insulating layer 118 is provided so as to cover at least part of the upper surface of the organic layer 112 . Also, the insulating layer 118 is provided so as to overlap at least a part of the trench adjacent to the organic layer 112 . As shown in FIG. 1B, the insulating layer 118a on the organic layer 112R is provided so as to overlap at least part of the groove 175_1 and at least part of the groove 175_2, and the insulating layer 118b on the organic layer 112G overlaps the groove 175_2. and at least part of the groove 175_3, and the insulating layer 118c on the organic layer 112B is provided to overlap at least part of the groove 175_3 and at least part of the groove 175_1.
- the insulating layer 118 has a region in contact with at least part of the upper surface of the organic layer 112 and a region in contact with the side surface of the organic layer 112 in a cross-sectional view in the A1-A2 direction.
- the insulating layer 118 has a region in contact with the insulating layer 105 below the light emitting element 110 (specifically, the pixel electrode 111).
- the insulating layer 118 has an opening reaching the organic layer 112 .
- the organic layer 112 contacts the common layer 114 in the opening.
- the common electrode 113 has a region overlapping with the organic layer 112 through the opening.
- the insulating layer 118 has a region located between the resin layer 126 and the organic layer 112 and functions as a protective film to prevent the resin layer 126 from contacting the organic layer 112 .
- the organic layer 112 may be dissolved by an organic solvent or the like used when forming the resin layer 126 . Therefore, by providing the insulating layer 118 between the organic layer 112 and the resin layer 126 as shown in this embodiment mode, the side surface of the organic layer 112 can be protected.
- the insulating layer 118 can be an insulating layer containing an inorganic material.
- an inorganic insulating film such as an oxide insulating film, a nitride insulating film, an oxynitride insulating film, or a nitride oxide insulating film can be used, for example.
- the insulating layer 118 may have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure.
- the oxide insulating film includes a silicon oxide film, an aluminum oxide film, a magnesium oxide film, an indium gallium zinc oxide film, a gallium oxide film, a germanium oxide film, an yttrium oxide film, a zirconium oxide film, a lanthanum oxide film, a neodymium oxide film, and an oxide film.
- Examples include a hafnium film and a tantalum oxide film.
- Examples of the nitride insulating film include a silicon nitride film, an aluminum nitride film, and the like.
- Examples of the oxynitride insulating film include a silicon oxynitride film, an aluminum oxynitride film, and the like.
- nitride oxide insulating film a silicon nitride oxide film, an aluminum nitride oxide film, or the like can be given.
- a metal oxide film such as an aluminum oxide film or a hafnium oxide film formed by an ALD method, or an inorganic insulating film such as a silicon oxide film to the insulating layer 118, there are few pinholes and the function of protecting the organic layer 112.
- An insulating layer 118 having excellent resistance can be formed.
- oxynitride refers to a material whose composition contains more oxygen than nitrogen
- nitride oxide refers to a material whose composition contains more nitrogen than oxygen. point to the material.
- silicon oxynitride refers to a material whose composition contains more oxygen than nitrogen
- silicon nitride oxide refers to a material whose composition contains more nitrogen than oxygen. indicates
- the insulating layer 118 may also function as a protective layer that prevents impurities such as water from diffusing into the organic layer 112 .
- An inorganic insulating film with low moisture permeability such as a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, or an aluminum oxide film is preferably used for the insulating layer 118 .
- the insulating layer 118 contains aluminum and oxygen.
- the insulating layer 118 is formed by a sputtering method, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method, an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method, or the like. be able to.
- the insulating layer 118 is preferably formed by an ALD method with good coverage.
- the film thickness of the insulating layer 118 is preferably 3 nm or more, 5 nm or more, or 10 nm or more, and 200 nm or less, 150 nm or less, 100 nm or less, or 50 nm or less.
- the side surfaces of the organic layers 112 are provided facing each other with the resin layer 126 interposed therebetween.
- the resin layer 126 is positioned between the adjacent light-emitting elements of different colors, and is provided so as to fill the end portions of the respective organic layers 112 and the area between the two organic layers 112 .
- the resin layer 126 has a smooth convex upper surface, and a common layer 114 and a common electrode 113 are provided to cover the upper surface of the resin layer 126 .
- the resin layer 126 has a region in contact with the insulating layer 105 between adjacent light emitting elements of different colors.
- the resin layer 126 has a region in contact with the insulating layer 105 in a portion located between the organic layers 112R and 112G.
- the resin layer 126 has a region in contact with the insulating layer 105 in a portion located between the organic layers 112G and 112B.
- the resin layer 126 has a region in contact with the insulating layer 105 in a portion located between the organic layers 112B and 112R.
- the resin layer 126 functions as a flattening film that fills the steps located between adjacent light emitting elements of different colors.
- a phenomenon in which the common electrode 113 is divided by a step at the end of the organic layer 112 also referred to as step disconnection
- the resin layer 126 can also be called LFP (Local Filling Planarization).
- An insulating layer containing an organic material can be suitably used as the resin layer 126 .
- acrylic resin, polyimide resin, epoxy resin, imide resin, polyamide resin, polyimideamide resin, silicone resin, siloxane resin, benzocyclobutene-based resin, phenolic resin, and precursors of these resins are applied as the resin layer 126. can do.
- an organic material such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl butyral, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyglycerin, pullulan, water-soluble cellulose, or alcohol-soluble polyamide resin may be used.
- a photosensitive resin can be used as the resin layer 126 .
- a photoresist may be used as the photosensitive resin.
- a positive material or a negative material can be used for the photosensitive resin.
- the resin layer 126 may contain a material that absorbs visible light.
- the resin layer 126 itself may be made of a material that absorbs visible light, or the resin layer 126 may contain a pigment that absorbs visible light.
- a resin that transmits red, blue, or green light and can be used as a color filter that absorbs other light, or a resin that contains carbon black as a pigment and functions as a black matrix, or the like. can be used.
- a protective layer 121 is provided to cover the common electrode 113 .
- the protective layer 121 can have, for example, a single layer structure or a laminated structure including an inorganic insulating film.
- the inorganic insulating film include oxide films such as a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, a silicon nitride oxide film, a silicon nitride film, an aluminum oxide film, an aluminum oxynitride film, and a hafnium oxide film, an oxynitride film, and a oxynitride film. films, or nitride films.
- a semiconductor material or a conductive material such as indium gallium oxide, indium zinc oxide, indium tin oxide, or indium gallium zinc oxide may be used for the protective layer 121 .
- a laminated film of an inorganic insulating film and an organic insulating film can also be used as the protective layer 121 .
- a structure in which an organic insulating film is sandwiched between a pair of inorganic insulating films is preferable.
- the organic insulating film functions as a planarizing film.
- the upper surface of the organic insulating film can be flattened, so that the coverage of the inorganic insulating film thereon can be improved, and the barrier property can be enhanced.
- the upper surface of the protective layer 121 is flat, when a structure (for example, a color filter, an electrode of a touch sensor, or a lens array) is provided above the protective layer 121, an uneven shape due to the structure below may be formed. This is preferable because it can reduce the impact.
- a structure for example, a color filter, an electrode of a touch sensor, or a lens array
- FIG. 2B is a schematic top view of the x-direction end of the groove 175 and its vicinity. Note that some elements are omitted in the top view of FIG. 2B for clarity of illustration.
- the groove 175 preferably extends outside the edge of the organic layer 112 in the x direction.
- the distance from the edge of the groove 175 to the edge of the organic layer 112 is shown as the distance L5.
- the common electrode 113 preferably extends outside the end of the groove 175 in the x direction. In other words, it is preferable that the ends of the grooves 175 are positioned inside the ends of the common electrode 113 in the x-direction.
- the EL layer of the light emitting element 110 can be separately formed for each light emitting element of a different color, and color display with high color reproducibility and low power consumption can be performed.
- a microcavity structure microwaveresonator structure
- a high-brightness display device can be realized.
- the thickness of the EL layer of the light emitting element 110 may be adjusted according to the peak wavelength of the emission spectrum.
- the organic layer 112R of the light emitting element 110R that emits light with the longest wavelength has the thickest thickness
- the organic layer 112B of the light emitting element 110B that emits light of the shortest wavelength has the thinnest thickness.
- the thickness of each organic layer can be adjusted in consideration of the wavelength of light emitted by each light emitting element, the optical characteristics of the layers constituting the light emitting element, the electrical characteristics of the light emitting element, and the like. .
- the width W1 is preferably larger than twice the thickness of the thinnest organic layer 112, and more preferably larger than twice the thickness of the thickest organic layer 112.
- the organic layer 112 is cut off by the groove 175 , and the organic layer 112 can be formed on the pixel electrode 111 . Furthermore, a microcavity structure can be realized.
- the display device 100A includes the insulating layer 105, the light emitting element 110R, the light emitting element 110G, and the light emitting element 110B described above on the substrate 101 including the semiconductor circuit.
- the display device 100A also has a plug 131 .
- a circuit board having transistors, wiring, or the like can be used as the substrate 101 .
- an insulating substrate such as a glass substrate can be used as the substrate 101 when a passive matrix method or a segment method can be applied.
- the substrate 101 is a substrate provided with a circuit for driving each light-emitting element (also referred to as a pixel circuit) or a semiconductor circuit functioning as a driver circuit for driving the pixel circuit. A more specific configuration example of the substrate 101 will be described later.
- the substrate 101 and the pixel electrode 111 of the light emitting element 110 are electrically connected through the plug 131 .
- Plug 131 is formed to be embedded in an opening provided in insulating layer 105 .
- the pixel electrode 111 is provided in contact with the upper surface of the plug 131 .
- FIG. 1A shows a configuration in which grooves are provided between light emitting elements of different colors
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- grooves may be provided between light emitting elements of different colors and between light emitting elements of the same color.
- FIG. 3A is a schematic top view of the display device 100B.
- the display device 100B shown in FIG. 3A differs from the display device 100A shown in FIG. 1A in the groove shape.
- grooves may be provided between light emitting elements of the same color in addition to between light emitting elements of different colors.
- grooves may be formed not only between light emitting elements adjacent in the y direction but also between light emitting elements adjacent in the x direction.
- a portion of groove 175 may be located below all edges of pixel electrode 111 .
- the groove 175 preferably has a region positioned below the pixel electrode 111 when viewed in cross section in the y direction, and has a region positioned below the pixel electrode 111 when viewed in cross section in the x direction. .
- the groove 175 can be formed without considering the alignment margin of the groove 175 with respect to the pixel electrode 111 .
- leakage current between adjacent light emitting elements of different colors and leakage current between adjacent light emitting elements of the same color can be prevented.
- the arrangement of the light emitting elements 110 is preferably a stripe arrangement, but may be an arrangement other than the stripe arrangement.
- the arrangement of the light emitting elements 110 (pixel electrodes 111) includes a delta arrangement and a mosaic arrangement.
- FIG. 3B is a schematic top view of the display device 100C.
- FIG. 3B is different from the display device 100B shown in FIG. 3A in that the pixel electrodes 111 (light emitting elements 110) are arranged in a delta arrangement.
- the organic layers 112 can be separated by providing grooves 175 shown in FIG. 3B.
- the shape of the groove 175 is not particularly limited as long as part of the groove 175 is positioned below the pixel electrode 111 .
- the groove 175 may have a downwardly convex arcuate shape (see FIG. 1B), or an arcuate shape with a flat bottom surface and downwardly convex sidewalls. may have Alternatively, it may have a cross-shaped shape, a T-shaped shape, or an inverted T-shaped shape.
- groove 175 is not limited to the above as long as the organic layer is divided.
- groove 175 may not have a region located below pixel electrode 111 .
- the groove 175 may have a cross-shaped shape, a T-shaped shape, or an inverted T-shaped shape in a cross-sectional view of the display device.
- the configuration of the insulating layer 105 may be appropriately selected from a single layer or a laminated structure of two or more layers depending on the shape of the groove 175 .
- the insulating layer 105 can be an insulating layer containing an inorganic material.
- the insulating layer 105 may be an insulating layer containing an organic material.
- a groove 175 having a shape different from that shown in FIG. 1B will be described below.
- FIG. 4A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the display device 100D.
- the display device 100D differs in the shape of the groove 175 from the display device 100A. Specifically, the groove 175 of the display device 100D has an arcuate shape with a flat bottom and downwardly convex side walls in a cross-sectional view of the display device 100D.
- FIG. 4B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the groove 175 and its vicinity in the display device 100D. Note that some elements (the insulating layer 118, the organic layer 112, etc.) are omitted in FIG. 4B for clarity of illustration.
- a width W1 shown in FIG. 4B is the width of the groove 175 in the region not overlapping the pixel electrode 111 in the A1-A2 direction.
- the width W1 can be rephrased as the shortest distance between the ends of the pixel electrodes 111 facing each other.
- a width W2 shown in FIG. 4B is the width of the groove 175 in the region overlapping the pixel electrode 111 in the A1-A2 direction.
- the insulating layer 105 has an insulating layer 105a and an insulating layer 105b on the insulating layer 105a. That is, the insulating layer 105 has a laminated structure of two layers.
- an insulator that functions as an etching stopper film when the insulating layer 105b is etched to form the groove 175 is preferably selected.
- silicon oxide or silicon oxynitride is used for the insulating layer 105b
- silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, or the like is preferably used for the insulating layer 105a.
- the organic layer 112 can be divided between adjacent light emitting elements of different colors without using a shadow mask such as a metal mask. This makes it possible to prevent leak currents between adjacent light emitting elements of different colors. Therefore, as described above, high-contrast display can be achieved. Furthermore, it becomes easier to improve efficiency, reduce power consumption, and improve reliability.
- the insulating layer 105 by configuring the insulating layer 105 as described above, it is possible to prevent the depth of the groove 175 from becoming too large even if the width W1 shown in FIG. 4B is large. Therefore, the degree of freedom of the shape (for example, width and depth) of the groove 175 can be increased.
- the description of the width W1 shown in FIG. 2B can be referred to.
- the preferred range of the width W2 shown in FIG. 4B can be referred to the description of the width W2 shown in FIG. 2A.
- the depth of the groove 175 is preferably greater than the film thickness of the organic layer 112 . With such a structure, a discontinuity can be generated in the organic layer 112 . In the configuration shown in FIG. 4A, the depth of groove 175 corresponds to the film thickness of insulating layer 105b.
- the insulating layer 105 has a structure in which two layers of the insulating layer 105a and the insulating layer 105b are stacked, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the insulating layer 105 may have a laminated structure of three or more layers, or one or both of the insulating layers 105a and 105b may have a laminated structure.
- 5A and 5B are schematic cross-sectional views of display device 100E and display device 100F, respectively.
- the display device 100E and the display device 100F differ in the shape of the groove 175 from the display device 100A.
- the groove 175 of the display device 100E has an inverted T shape in a cross-sectional view of the display device 100E. Further, as shown in FIG. 5B, the groove 175 included in the display device 100F has a cross shape in cross-sectional view of the display device 100F.
- FIG. 5C is a schematic cross-sectional view of the groove 175 and its vicinity in the display device 100E. Note that some elements (the insulating layer 118, the organic layer 112, etc.) are omitted in FIG. 5C for clarity of illustration.
- the groove 175 has a region with a first width and a region with a second width in a cross-sectional view of the display device.
- the first width is the width W3 shown in FIG. 5C
- the second width is the width W4 shown in FIG. 5C.
- half the value of the difference between the width W4 and the width W3 is defined as the width W5
- the shortest distance between the ends of the pixel electrodes 111 facing each other is defined as the distance W6.
- the first width is smaller than the distance W6 and the second width is larger than the first width.
- the width W3 is smaller than the distance W6 and the width W4 is larger than the width W3.
- the size relationship between the width W4 and the distance W6 is not particularly limited.
- the width W4 may be smaller than the distance W6, may be the same as the distance W6, or may be larger than the distance W6. For example, if the width W4 is smaller than the distance W6, the groove 175 will not be positioned below the pixel electrode 111 .
- the insulating layer 105 preferably has a laminated structure of an insulating layer 105a, an insulating layer 105b, and an insulating layer 105c. Furthermore, it is preferable that the material used for the insulating layers 105a and 105c and the material used for the insulating layer 105b have different etching rates. With such a configuration, the groove 175 having the shape shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B can be formed.
- the organic layer 112 can be divided between adjacent light emitting elements of different colors without using a shadow mask such as a metal mask. This makes it possible to prevent leak currents between adjacent light emitting elements of different colors. Therefore, as described above, high-contrast display can be achieved. Furthermore, it becomes easier to improve efficiency, reduce power consumption, and improve reliability.
- the width W5 corresponds to the width W2 shown in FIG. 2B. Therefore, the preferred range of the width W5 can be referred to the description of the width W2 shown in FIG. 2A.
- the film thickness of the insulating layer 105b is preferably larger than the film thickness of the organic layer 112. Further, in the display device 100F, the sum of the film thickness of the insulating layer 105b and the depth of the groove provided in the insulating layer 105a is preferably larger than the film thickness of the organic layer 112. FIG. With this structure, the organic layer 112 can be broken.
- FIG. 5A shows a configuration in which the thickness of the insulating layer 105b is larger than the thickness of the insulating layer 105c.
- the size relationship of the film thickness of 105c is not particularly limited.
- the thickness of the insulating layer 105b may be the same as the thickness of the insulating layer 105c, or the thickness of the insulating layer 105b may be smaller than the thickness of the insulating layer 105c.
- the magnitude relationship between the thickness of the insulating layer 105a and the thickness of the insulating layer 105c is not particularly limited.
- the magnitude relationship between the film thickness of the insulating layer 105a and the film thickness of the insulating layer 105b is not particularly limited.
- the insulating layer 105 has three layers, that is, the insulating layer 105a, the insulating layer 105b, and the insulating layer 105c, but the structure of the insulating layer 105 is not limited to this.
- the insulating layer 105 may have a laminated structure of two or more layers, or one or more of the insulating layers 105a, 105b, and 105c may have a laminated structure. good.
- a light emitting element that can be used for the light emitting element 110, an element that can emit light by itself can be used, and an element whose luminance is controlled by current or voltage is included in its category.
- an LED, an organic EL element, an inorganic EL element, or the like can be used.
- a conductive film that transmits visible light is used for the electrode on the light extraction side.
- a conductive film that reflects visible light is used for the electrode on the side from which light is not extracted.
- a top-emission or dual-emission light-emitting element that emits light to the side opposite to the formation surface can be preferably used.
- the organic layer 112 has at least a light-emitting layer.
- the organic layer 112 includes, as layers other than the light-emitting layer, a substance with a high hole-injection property, a substance with a high hole-transport property, a hole-blocking material, a substance with a high electron-transport property, a substance with a high electron-injection property, and an electron-blocking material. , a layer containing a bipolar substance (a substance with high electron-transport properties and high hole-transport properties), or the like.
- Either a low-molecular-weight compound or a high-molecular-weight compound can be used for the organic layer 112, and an inorganic compound may be included.
- the layers constituting the organic layer 112 can be formed by a method such as a vapor deposition method (including a vacuum vapor deposition method), a transfer method, a printing method, an inkjet method, or a coating method.
- the organic layer 112 preferably contains two or more kinds of light-emitting substances.
- white light emission can be obtained by selecting luminescent substances such that the luminescence of each of two or more luminescent substances has a complementary color relationship.
- luminescent substances exhibiting luminescence such as R (red), G (green), B (blue), Y (yellow), and O (orange), respectively, or spectral components of two or more colors of R, G, and B It is preferable that two or more of the light-emitting substances exhibiting light emission containing are included.
- the spectrum of light emitted from the light-emitting element has two or more peaks within the range of wavelengths in the visible light region (eg, 350 nm to 750 nm).
- the emission spectrum of the material having a peak in the yellow wavelength region is preferably a material having spectral components in the green and red wavelength regions as well.
- the organic layer 112 preferably has a structure in which a light-emitting layer containing a light-emitting material that emits light of one color and a light-emitting layer containing a light-emitting material that emits light of another color are laminated.
- the plurality of light-emitting layers in the organic layer 112 may be laminated in contact with each other, or may be laminated via a region that does not contain any light-emitting material.
- a configuration in which a region is provided between a fluorescent-emitting layer and a phosphorescent-emitting layer and contains the same material as the fluorescent-emitting layer or the phosphorescent-emitting layer (e.g., host material, assist material) and does not contain any of the emitting materials. good too. This facilitates fabrication of the light-emitting element and reduces the driving voltage.
- the light emitting element 110 may be a single element having one EL layer, or may be a tandem element in which a plurality of EL layers are laminated via a charge generation layer.
- a single-structure device preferably has one light-emitting unit between a pair of electrodes, and the light-emitting unit preferably includes one or more light-emitting layers.
- the light-emitting layers may be selected such that the respective light-emitting colors of the two light-emitting layers are in a complementary color relationship. For example, by setting the emission color of the first light-emitting layer and the emission color of the second light-emitting layer to have a complementary color relationship, it is possible to obtain a configuration in which the entire light-emitting element emits white light.
- the light-emitting element as a whole may emit white light by combining the light-emitting colors of the three or more light-emitting layers.
- a tandem structure device preferably has two or more light-emitting units between a pair of electrodes, and each light-emitting unit preferably includes one or more light-emitting layers.
- each light-emitting unit preferably includes one or more light-emitting layers.
- a structure in which white light emission is obtained by combining light from the light emitting layers of a plurality of light emitting units may be employed. Note that the structure for obtaining white light emission is the same as the structure of the single structure.
- FIG. 6A shows an example of applying a tandem structure (a structure having a plurality of light emitting units) light emitting elements to the display device 100A shown in FIG. 1B. Also, an enlarged view of the organic layer 112 is shown in FIG. 6B.
- Each light-emitting unit has at least one light-emitting layer.
- Each light emitting unit may also have one or more of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer.
- a charge-generating layer (also referred to as an intermediate layer) is preferably provided between each light-emitting unit.
- the organic layer 112R has a structure having a plurality of light-emitting units that emit red light
- the organic layer 112G has a structure that has a plurality of light-emitting units that emit green light
- the organic layer 112B has a structure that emits blue light.
- This structure has a plurality of light-emitting units.
- Organic layer 112R, organic layer 112G, and organic layer 112B are, for example, first light-emitting unit 135, charge-generating layer 136 on first light-emitting unit 135, and second light-emitting unit on charge-generating layer 136, respectively. 137.
- the charge generation layer 136 has at least a charge generation region.
- the first light-emitting unit 135 preferably has a carrier-transporting layer (electron-transporting layer or hole-transporting layer) and a light-emitting layer on the carrier-transporting layer. Also, the first light emitting unit 135 preferably has a carrier blocking layer (hole blocking layer or electron blocking layer) and a light emitting layer on the carrier blocking layer. Also, the first light-emitting unit 135 preferably has a carrier-transporting layer, a carrier-blocking layer on the carrier-transporting layer, and a light-emitting layer on the carrier-blocking layer.
- the second light-emitting unit 137 preferably has a light-emitting layer and a carrier-transporting layer (electron-transporting layer or hole-transporting layer) on the light-emitting layer. Also, the second light emitting unit 137 preferably has a light emitting layer and a carrier blocking layer (hole blocking layer or electron blocking layer) on the light emitting layer. Also, the second light emitting unit 137 preferably has a light emitting layer, a carrier blocking layer on the light emitting layer, and a carrier transport layer on the carrier blocking layer.
- the light-emitting layer is exposed on the outermost surface by providing one or both of the carrier-transporting layer and the carrier-blocking layer over the light-emitting layer. can be suppressed, and damage to the light-emitting layer can be reduced. Thereby, the reliability of the light emitting element can be improved.
- the light-emitting unit provided in the uppermost layer preferably has a light-emitting layer and one or both of a carrier transport layer and a carrier block layer over the light-emitting layer.
- the common layer 114 has, for example, an electron injection layer or a hole injection layer.
- the common layer 114 may have a laminate of an electron transport layer and an electron injection layer, or may have a laminate of a hole transport layer and a hole injection layer.
- Common layer 114 is shared by light emitting element 110R, light emitting element 110G, and light emitting element 110B.
- the white light emitting element when comparing the white light emitting element (single structure or tandem structure) and the light emitting element having the SBS structure, the light emitting element having the SBS structure can consume less power than the white light emitting element. If it is desired to keep power consumption low, it is preferable to use a light-emitting element having an SBS structure.
- the white light emitting element is preferable because the manufacturing process is simpler than that of the SBS structure light emitting element, so that the manufacturing cost can be reduced or the manufacturing yield can be increased.
- a conductive film which transmits visible light and which can be used for the pixel electrode 111 or the like can be formed using, for example, indium oxide, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, zinc oxide, gallium-added zinc oxide, or the like. can be done.
- metal materials such as gold, silver, platinum, magnesium, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, palladium, or titanium, alloys containing these metal materials, or nitrides of these metal materials (for example, Titanium nitride) or the like can also be used by forming it thin enough to have translucency.
- a stacked film of any of the above materials can be used as the conductive layer.
- graphene or the like may be used.
- the pixel electrode 111 it is preferable to use a conductive film that reflects the visible light in the portion located on the organic layer 112 side.
- a conductive film metal materials such as aluminum, gold, platinum, silver, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, or palladium, or alloys containing these metal materials can be used.
- Silver has a high reflectance of visible light and is preferred.
- aluminum is preferable because it is easy to process because the electrode can be easily etched, and has high reflectance for visible light and near-infrared light.
- lanthanum, neodymium, germanium, or the like may be added to the metal material or alloy.
- an alloy containing titanium, nickel, or neodymium and aluminum may be used.
- An alloy containing copper, palladium, magnesium, and silver may also be used.
- An alloy containing silver and copper is preferred because of its high heat resistance.
- the pixel electrode 111 may have a structure in which a conductive metal oxide film is laminated on a conductive film that reflects visible light.
- a conductive metal oxide film is laminated on a conductive film that reflects visible light.
- oxidation, corrosion, or the like of the conductive film that reflects visible light can be suppressed.
- materials for such metal films and metal oxide films include titanium and titanium oxide.
- a conductive film that transmits visible light and a film made of a metal material may be stacked.
- a laminated film of silver and indium tin oxide, a laminated film of an alloy of silver and magnesium and indium tin oxide, or the like can be used.
- the thickness is preferably 40 nm or more, more preferably 70 nm or more, so that the reflectance of visible light can be sufficiently increased.
- the thickness is preferably 70 nm or more, more preferably 100 nm or more, so that the reflectance of visible light can be sufficiently increased.
- the light-transmitting and reflective conductive film that can be used for the common electrode 113 a film obtained by forming the above-described conductive film that reflects visible light thin enough to transmit visible light can be used. Further, with the stacked structure of the conductive film and the conductive film that transmits visible light, conductivity, mechanical strength, or the like can be increased.
- the translucent and reflective conductive film has a reflectance for visible light (for example, a reflectance for light with a predetermined wavelength in the range of 400 nm to 700 nm) of 20% to 80%, preferably 40% to 70%. % or less. Further, the reflectance of the conductive film having reflectivity to visible light is preferably 40% or more and 100% or less, preferably 70% or more and 100% or less. In addition, the reflectance of the light-transmitting conductive film to visible light is preferably 0% to 40%, preferably 0% to 30%.
- metal materials such as gold, silver, platinum, magnesium, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, palladium, or titanium, alloys containing these metal materials, or Nitrides (for example, titanium nitride) of these metal materials can be used. These can be suitably used as the conductive film of the plug 131 as well.
- the electrodes that constitute the light-emitting element may be formed using a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, or the like. In addition, it can be formed using an ejection method such as an inkjet method, a printing method such as a screen printing method, or a plating method.
- the layer containing the above-described light-emitting layer a substance with high hole-injection property, a substance with high hole-transport property, a substance with high electron-transport property, a substance with high electron-injection property, a bipolar substance, etc.
- Each may have inorganic compounds such as quantum dots, or polymeric compounds (oligomers, dendrimers, polymers, etc.).
- quantum dots in the light-emitting layer, it can function as a light-emitting material.
- quantum dot material a colloidal quantum dot material, an alloy quantum dot material, a core-shell quantum dot material, a core quantum dot material, etc. can be used. Also, materials containing element groups of Groups 12 and 16, Groups 13 and 15, or Groups 14 and 16 may be used. Alternatively, quantum dot materials containing elements such as cadmium, selenium, zinc, sulfur, phosphorus, indium, tellurium, lead, gallium, arsenic, and aluminum may be used.
- the optical distance between the surface of the reflective layer that reflects visible light and the common electrode 113 that is transparent and reflective to visible light is the wavelength ⁇ of the light whose intensity is to be increased.
- it is preferably adjusted to be m ⁇ /2 (m is an integer equal to or greater than 1) or its vicinity.
- the optical distance described above is the physical distance between the reflective surface of the reflective layer and the reflective surface of the common electrode 113 having translucency and reflectivity, and the refractive index of the layer provided therebetween. It is difficult to adjust exactly because the product with the rate is involved. Therefore, it is preferable to adjust the optical distance by assuming that the surface of the reflective layer and the surface of the common electrode 113 having translucency and reflectivity are respectively reflective surfaces.
- Materials that can be used for the plug 131 include metals such as aluminum, titanium, chromium, nickel, copper, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, gold, silver, platinum, magnesium, iron, cobalt, palladium, tantalum, or tungsten. Examples include alloys containing materials, nitrides of these metal materials, and the like. As the plug 131, a film containing these materials can be used as a single layer or as a laminated structure.
- a single-layer structure of an aluminum film containing silicon a two-layer structure in which an aluminum film is stacked over a titanium film, a two-layer structure in which an aluminum film is stacked over a tungsten film, and a copper film over a copper-magnesium-aluminum alloy film.
- the thin films (insulating film, semiconductor film, conductive film, etc.) that constitute the display device can be formed using a sputtering method, a CVD method, a vacuum deposition method, a PLD method, an ALD method, or the like.
- the CVD method includes a plasma enhanced CVD (PECVD) method, a thermal CVD method, and the like.
- PECVD plasma enhanced CVD
- thermal CVD thermal CVD
- MOCVD metal organic CVD
- the thin films (insulating films, semiconductor films, conductive films, etc.) that make up the display device can be applied by spin coating, dipping, spray coating, inkjet, dispensing, screen printing, offset printing, doctor knife, slit coating, roll coating, curtain coating. , or by a wet film formation method such as knife coating.
- the processing can be performed using a photolithography method or the like.
- the thin film may be processed by a nanoimprint method, a sandblast method, a lift-off method, or the like.
- an island-shaped thin film may be directly formed by a film formation method using a shielding mask such as a metal mask.
- a photolithography method there are typically the following two methods.
- One is a method of forming a resist mask on a thin film to be processed, processing the thin film by etching or the like, and removing the resist mask.
- the other is a method of forming a photosensitive thin film, then performing exposure and development to process the thin film into a desired shape.
- the light used for exposure can be, for example, i-line (wavelength 365 nm), g-line (wavelength 436 nm), h-line (wavelength 405 nm), or a mixture of these.
- ultraviolet rays, KrF laser light, ArF laser light, or the like can also be used.
- extreme ultraviolet (EUV: Extreme Ultra-violet) light or X-rays may be used.
- An electron beam can also be used instead of the light used for exposure. The use of extreme ultraviolet light, X-rays, or electron beams is preferable because extremely fine processing is possible.
- a photomask is not necessary when exposure is performed by scanning a beam such as an electron beam.
- Dry etching, wet etching, sandblasting, etc. can be used to process the thin film.
- the resist mask can be removed by dry etching treatment such as ashing, wet etching treatment, wet etching treatment after dry etching treatment, or dry etching treatment after wet etching treatment.
- a polishing treatment method such as a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) method can be suitably used.
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- dry etching treatment or plasma treatment may be used.
- the polishing treatment, the dry etching treatment, and the plasma treatment may be performed multiple times, or may be performed in combination.
- the order of processes is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately set according to the unevenness of the surface to be processed.
- the CMP method is used to precisely process the thin film to the desired thickness.
- the thin film is polished at a constant processing rate until part of the upper surface of the thin film is exposed. After that, polishing is performed until the thin film reaches a desired thickness under conditions with a slower processing speed than this, thereby enabling highly accurate processing.
- a method for detecting the polishing end point there is an optical method of irradiating the surface to be processed with light and detecting changes in the reflected light, or by detecting changes in the polishing resistance received by the processing apparatus from the surface to be processed.
- the thickness of the thin film is reduced by performing a polishing process at a slow processing speed while monitoring the thickness of the thin film by an optical method using a laser interferometer or the like. It can be controlled with high precision. In addition, if necessary, the polishing process may be performed multiple times until the thin film has a desired thickness.
- Example of manufacturing method An example of a method for manufacturing a display device of one embodiment of the present invention will be described below using the display device 100A described in the above structure example as an example.
- a substrate having heat resistance enough to withstand at least heat treatment performed later can be used.
- an insulating substrate may be used as the substrate 101, it may be a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, a sapphire substrate, a ceramic substrate, or the like.
- a semiconductor substrate such as a single crystal semiconductor substrate, a polycrystalline semiconductor substrate, a compound semiconductor substrate made of silicon germanium or the like, or an SOI substrate can be used.
- the substrate 101 it is preferable to use the semiconductor substrate or the insulating substrate on which a semiconductor circuit including a semiconductor element such as a transistor is formed.
- the semiconductor circuit preferably constitutes, for example, a pixel circuit, a gate line driver circuit (gate driver), a source line driver circuit (source driver), and the like.
- gate driver gate line driver
- source driver source driver
- an arithmetic circuit, a memory circuit, and the like may be configured.
- a substrate on which at least pixel circuits are formed is used as the substrate 101 .
- An insulating layer 105 is formed on the substrate 101 . Subsequently, an opening reaching the substrate 101 is formed in the insulating layer 105 at the position where the plug 131 is to be formed.
- the openings are preferably openings that reach electrodes or wirings provided on the substrate 101 .
- planarization treatment is performed so that the upper surface of the insulating layer 105 is exposed. Thereby, plugs 131 embedded in the insulating layer 105 can be formed.
- a conductive film is formed on the insulating layer 105 and the plug 131, and a pixel electrode 111 electrically connected to the plug 131 is formed by leaving a portion overlapping with the plug 131 and removing an unnecessary portion (FIG. 7A). reference).
- An etching method for example, may be used to remove unnecessary portions of the conductive film.
- grooves 175 are formed in the insulating layer 105 (see FIG. 7A).
- An isotropic etching method can be used to form the grooves 175 .
- a wet etch process or an isotropic plasma etch process can be used.
- wet etching treatment is preferably used.
- isotropic dry etching treatment is preferably used.
- one groove 175 is provided between light emitting elements of different colors. As shown in FIG. 7A, a groove 175_2 is provided between the pixel electrode 111R and the pixel electrode 111G, a groove 175_3 is provided between the pixel electrode 111G and the pixel electrode 111B, and a groove 175_3 is provided between the pixel electrode 111B and the pixel electrode 111R. A groove 175_1 is provided in between.
- a groove having a width W3 is formed in the insulating layers 105c and 105b to expose the upper surface of the insulating layer 105a.
- An etching method is preferably used to form the groove. Note that part of the top surface of the insulating layer 105a that overlaps with the groove may be removed when the groove is formed.
- the side surface of the insulating layer 105b exposed in the groove is etched to recede the end face (also called side etching).
- the trench of the insulating layer 105b expands in the horizontal direction with respect to the substrate surface, and the trench 175 has a width W4.
- the grooves 175 of the display device 100E shown in FIG. 5A and the grooves 175 of the display device 100F shown in FIG. 5B can be formed.
- a resist mask 151 is formed over the insulating layer 105, the pixel electrode 111G, and the pixel electrode 111B. At this time, the resist mask 151 is formed in a portion overlapping with part of the groove 175_2, the pixel electrode 111G, the groove 175_3, the pixel electrode 111B, and part of the groove 175_1. Further, the side surface of the resist mask 151 positioned in the groove 175_2 is positioned closer to the pixel electrode 111G than the middle of the shortest distance between the side surface of the pixel electrode 111R and the side surface of the pixel electrode 111G facing each other, and the resist positioned in the groove 175_1. The side surface of the mask 151 is located closer to the pixel electrode 111B than the middle of the shortest distance between the side surface of the pixel electrode 111B and the side surface of the pixel electrode 111R that face each other (see FIG. 7B).
- a film containing a first light-emitting compound is formed on the pixel electrode 111R, the insulating layer 105 and the resist mask 151 .
- the film is preferably formed inside the end portion of the groove 175 in the direction in which the groove 175 extends.
- the groove 175 preferably extends outside the end of the film in the direction in which the groove 175 extends.
- the film containing the first luminescent compound can be formed, for example, by a vapor deposition method, specifically a vacuum vapor deposition method. Moreover, the film may be formed by a transfer method, a printing method, an inkjet method, a coating method, or the like.
- each of the grooves 175_1 and 175_2 causes a discontinuity in the film.
- an organic layer 112R is formed on the pixel electrode 111R, and an organic layer 112Rf is formed on the insulating layer 105 and the resist mask 151.
- the end of the resist mask 151 has a shape perpendicular to the surface of the substrate 101, but the shape of the end of the resist mask 151 is not limited to this.
- the end portion of the resist mask 151 may have a tapered shape or an inverse tapered shape.
- an insulating film 118A is formed on the organic layer 112R and the organic layer 112Rf.
- the insulating film 118A can be formed by a sputtering method, a CVD method, an MBE method, a PLD method, an ALD method, or the like as appropriate.
- an aluminum oxide film is formed as the insulating film 118A by an ALD method.
- the insulating film 118A needs to be deposited on the bottom and side surfaces of the grooves 175 (here, the grooves 175_1 and 175_2) provided in the insulating layer 105 with good coverage.
- the film formation by the ALD method can deposit atomic layers one by one on the bottom and side surfaces of the groove 175, so that the insulating film 118A can be formed with good coverage over the groove 175.
- FIG. film formation damage can be reduced.
- a material gas obtained by vaporizing a solvent and a liquid containing an aluminum precursor compound (trimethylaluminum (TMA, Al(CH 3 ) 3 ), etc.) and an oxidizing agent
- TMA trimethylaluminum
- Al(CH 3 ) 3 a liquid containing an aluminum precursor compound
- H2O Two gases, H2O , are used.
- Other materials include tris(dimethylamido)aluminum, triisobutylaluminum, and aluminum tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate).
- the insulating film 118A may be formed using a sputtering method, a CVD method, or a PECVD method, which has a higher film formation rate than the ALD method. Accordingly, a highly reliable display device can be manufactured with high productivity.
- a resist mask 152 is formed on the insulating film 118A.
- the resist mask 152 is formed in a portion overlapping with part of the groove 175_1, the organic layer 112R, and part of the groove 175_2.
- the side surface of the resist mask 152 positioned in the groove 175_1 is positioned closer to the pixel electrode 111R than the middle of the shortest distance between the side surface of the pixel electrode 111B and the side surface of the pixel electrode 111R facing each other, and the resist positioned in the groove 175_2.
- the side surface of the mask 152 is positioned closer to the pixel electrode 111R than the middle of the shortest distance between the side surface of the pixel electrode 111R and the side surface of the pixel electrode 111G that face each other (see FIG. 7B).
- the shape of the end of the resist mask 152 is not limited to this.
- the end portion of the resist mask 152 may have a tapered shape or an inverted tapered shape.
- the insulating layer 118a can be formed (see FIG. 7C).
- a dry etching method or a wet etching method can be used to partially remove the insulating film 118A.
- the resist mask 152 and the resist mask 151 are removed (see FIG. 7D). At this time, the organic layer 112Rf is also removed.
- FIG. 7D a portion of the organic layer 112Rf that overlaps with the resist mask 152 and does not overlap with the pixel electrode 111R is removed.
- the organic layer 112Rf in the relevant portion is separated from the organic layer 112R, the organic layer 112Rf in the relevant portion may remain. Further, the organic layer 112Rf formed on the trench 175 in contact with the insulating layer 105 may remain.
- the insulating layer 118a has a region in contact with the insulating layer 105 outside the organic layer 112R and the pixel electrode 111R in a cross-sectional view in the A1-A2 direction.
- having a region where the first layer contacts the second layer outside the structure may be referred to as sealing the structure with the first layer and the second layer. be. That is, the insulating layer 105 and the insulating layer 118a can seal the organic layer 112R and the pixel electrode 111R.
- a resist mask 151 is formed over the insulating layer 105, the pixel electrode 111B, and the insulating layer 118a. At this time, the resist mask 151 is formed in a portion overlapping with part of the groove 175_3, the pixel electrode 111B, the groove 175_1, the insulating layer 118a, and part of the groove 175_2. Further, the side surface of the resist mask 151 positioned in the groove 175_3 is positioned closer to the pixel electrode 111B than the middle of the shortest distance between the side surface of the pixel electrode 111G and the side surface of the pixel electrode 111B facing each other, and the resist positioned in the groove 175_2. The side surface of the mask 151 is positioned closer to the pixel electrode 111R than the middle of the shortest distance between the side surface of the pixel electrode 111R and the side surface of the pixel electrode 111G that face each other (see FIG. 8A).
- a film containing a second light-emitting compound is formed over the pixel electrode 111G, the insulating layer 105, and the resist mask 151. Then, as shown in FIG. Note that the film is preferably formed inside the end portion of the groove 175 in the direction in which the groove 175 extends. In other words, the groove 175 preferably extends outside the end of the film in the direction in which the groove 175 extends.
- the film containing the second luminescent compound can be formed, for example, by a vapor deposition method, specifically a vacuum vapor deposition method. Moreover, the film may be formed by a transfer method, a printing method, an inkjet method, a coating method, or the like.
- each of the grooves 175_2 and 175_3 causes a discontinuity in the film.
- an organic layer 112G is formed on the pixel electrode 111G, and an organic layer 112Gf is formed on the insulating layer 105 and the resist mask 151.
- the end of the resist mask 151 has a shape perpendicular to the surface of the substrate 101, but the shape of the end of the resist mask 151 is not limited to this.
- the end portion of the resist mask 151 may have a tapered shape or an inverse tapered shape.
- an insulating film 118B is formed on the organic layer 112G and the organic layer 112Gf.
- the insulating film 118B can be formed by a sputtering method, a CVD method, an MBE method, a PLD method, an ALD method, or the like as appropriate.
- an aluminum oxide film is formed as the insulating film 118B by an ALD method.
- the insulating film 118B can be formed with good coverage over the trenches 175 (here, the trenches 175_2 and 175_3).
- the description of the insulating film 118A formed over the organic layer 112R can be referred to.
- a resist mask 152 is formed on the insulating film 118B.
- the resist mask 152 is formed in a portion overlapping with part of the groove 175_2, the organic layer 112G, and part of the groove 175_3.
- the side surface of the resist mask 152 located in the groove 175_2 is located closer to the pixel electrode 111G than the middle of the shortest distance between the side surface of the pixel electrode 111R and the side surface of the pixel electrode 111G facing each other, and the resist located in the groove 175_3.
- the side surface of the mask 152 is positioned closer to the pixel electrode 111G than the middle of the shortest distance between the side surface of the pixel electrode 111G and the side surface of the pixel electrode 111B that face each other (see FIG. 8A).
- the shape of the end of the resist mask 152 is not limited to this.
- the end portion of the resist mask 152 may have a tapered shape or an inverted tapered shape.
- the insulating layer 118b can be formed (see FIG. 8B).
- a dry etching method or a wet etching method can be used to partially remove the insulating film 118B.
- the resist masks 152 and 151 are removed (see FIG. 8C). At this time, the organic layer 112Gf is also removed.
- a portion of the organic layer 112Gf that overlaps with the resist mask 152 and does not overlap with the pixel electrode 111G is removed. Since the organic layer 112Gf in this portion is separated from the organic layer 112G, the organic layer 112Gf in this portion may remain. Further, the organic layer 112Gf formed on the groove 175 in contact with the insulating layer 105 may remain.
- the insulating layer 105 and the insulating layer 118b can seal the organic layer 112G and the pixel electrode 111G.
- a resist mask 151 is formed over the insulating layer 105, the insulating layer 118a, and the insulating layer 118b. At this time, the resist mask 151 is formed in a portion overlapping with part of the trench 175_1, the insulating layer 118a, the trench 175_2, the insulating layer 118b, and part of the trench 175_3.
- the side surface of the resist mask 151 positioned in the groove 175_1 is positioned closer to the pixel electrode 111R than the middle of the shortest distance between the side surface of the pixel electrode 111B and the side surface of the pixel electrode 111R facing each other, and the resist positioned in the groove 175_3.
- the side surface of the mask 151 is positioned closer to the pixel electrode 111G than the middle of the shortest distance between the side surface of the pixel electrode 111G and the side surface of the pixel electrode 111B that face each other (see FIG. 9A).
- a film containing a third light-emitting compound is formed on the pixel electrode 111B, the insulating layer 105, and the resist mask 151 .
- the film is preferably formed inside the end portion of the groove 175 in the direction in which the groove 175 extends.
- the groove 175 preferably extends outside the end of the film in the direction in which the groove 175 extends.
- the film containing the third luminescent compound can be formed, for example, by a vapor deposition method, specifically a vacuum vapor deposition method. Moreover, the film may be formed by a transfer method, a printing method, an inkjet method, a coating method, or the like.
- each of the grooves 175_3 and 175_1 causes a discontinuity in the film.
- an organic layer 112B is formed on the pixel electrode 111B, and an organic layer 112Bf is formed on the insulating layer 105 and the resist mask 151.
- the end of the resist mask 151 has a shape perpendicular to the surface of the substrate 101, but the shape of the end of the resist mask 151 is not limited to this.
- the end portion of the resist mask 151 may have a tapered shape or an inverse tapered shape.
- an insulating film 118C is formed on the organic layer 112B and the organic layer 112Bf.
- the insulating film 118C can be formed by a sputtering method, a CVD method, an MBE method, a PLD method, an ALD method, or the like as appropriate.
- aluminum oxide is deposited as the insulating film 118C by an ALD method.
- the insulating film 118C can be formed with good coverage over the trenches 175 (here, the trenches 175_3 and 175_1).
- the description of the insulating film 118A formed on the organic layer 112R can be referred to.
- a resist mask 152 is formed on the insulating film 118C.
- the resist mask 152 is formed in a portion overlapping with part of the groove 175_3, the organic layer 112B, and part of the groove 175_1.
- the side surface of the resist mask 152 positioned in the groove 175_3 is positioned closer to the pixel electrode 111B than the middle of the shortest distance between the side surface of the pixel electrode 111G and the side surface of the pixel electrode 111B facing each other, and the resist positioned in the groove 175_1.
- the side surface of the mask 152 is positioned closer to the pixel electrode 111B than the middle of the shortest distance between the side surface of the pixel electrode 111B and the side surface of the pixel electrode 111R that face each other (see FIG. 9A).
- the shape of the end of the resist mask 152 is not limited to this.
- the end portion of the resist mask 152 may have a tapered shape or an inverted tapered shape.
- the insulating layer 118c can be formed (see FIG. 9B).
- a dry etching method or a wet etching method can be used to partially remove the insulating film 118C.
- the resist masks 152 and 151 are removed (see FIG. 9C). At this time, the organic layer 112Bf is also removed.
- FIG. 9C a portion of the organic layer 112Bf that overlaps with the resist mask 152 and does not overlap with the pixel electrode 111B is removed. Since the organic layer 112Bf in this portion is separated from the organic layer 112B, the organic layer 112Bf in this portion may remain. Further, the organic layer 112Bf formed on the trench 175 in contact with the insulating layer 105 may remain.
- the insulating layer 105 and the insulating layer 118c can seal the organic layer 112B and the pixel electrode 111B.
- the organic layer 112R is sealed with the insulating layer 105 and the insulating layer 118a
- the organic layer 112G is sealed with the insulating layer 105 and the insulating layer 118b.
- the step of providing the resist mask 151 may be omitted in some cases.
- the organic layer 112R sealed with the insulating layer 105 and the insulating layer 118a, the organic layer 112G sealed with the insulating layer 105 and the insulating layer 118b, and the organic layer 112G sealed with the insulating layer 105 and the insulating layer 118c Layer 112B may be formed.
- the order of forming the organic layer 112R, the organic layer 112G, and the organic layer 112B is not limited to the above.
- the organic layer 112R, the organic layer 112B, and the organic layer 112G may be formed in this order.
- it may be formed from the organic layer 112G or may be formed from the organic layer 112B.
- the manufacturing method may be appropriately adjusted according to the number of colors of light emitted by the light emitting elements 110 included in the display device 100A.
- a resist mask 151 is applied to one of the two types of pixel electrodes 111 and a portion overlapping with a groove provided in the vicinity thereof. are formed, and a resist mask 152 is preferably formed in a portion overlapping with the other of the two types of pixel electrodes 111 and grooves provided in the vicinity thereof.
- a resist mask 151 is formed in a portion overlapping with , and a resist mask 152 is formed in a portion overlapping with the remaining one pixel electrode 111 and a groove provided in the vicinity thereof.
- a resin film to be the resin layer 126 is formed over the insulating layer 105, the insulating layer 118a, the insulating layer 118b, and the insulating layer 118c.
- the resin films are formed at temperatures lower than the heat-resistant temperatures of the organic layers 112R, 112G, and 112B, respectively.
- the substrate temperature when forming the insulating film is 60° C. or higher, 80° C. or higher, 100° C. or higher, or 120° C. or higher and 200° C. or lower, 180° C. or lower, 160° C. or lower, 150° C. or lower, or 140° C. or higher. °C or less.
- the resin film is preferably formed using the wet film-forming method described above.
- the insulating film is preferably formed, for example, by spin coating using a photosensitive material, and more specifically, is preferably formed using a photosensitive resin composition containing an acrylic resin.
- the resin film is preferably formed using, for example, a resin composition containing a polymer, an acid generator, and a solvent.
- a polymer is formed using one or more types of monomers and has a structure in which one or more types of structural units (also referred to as structural units) are regularly or irregularly repeated.
- the acid generator one or both of a compound that generates an acid upon exposure to light and a compound that generates an acid upon heating can be used.
- the resin composition may further comprise one or more of photosensitizers, sensitizers, catalysts, adhesion aids, surfactants, and antioxidants.
- heat treatment also referred to as pre-baking
- the heat treatment is performed at a temperature lower than the heat-resistant temperatures of the organic layers 112R, 112G, and 112B.
- the substrate temperature during the heat treatment is preferably 50° C. to 200° C., more preferably 60° C. to 150° C., and even more preferably 70° C. to 120° C. Thereby, the solvent contained in the insulating film can be removed.
- the resin film is exposed to visible light or ultraviolet light.
- a positive photosensitive resin composition containing an acrylic resin is used for the insulating film, a region where the resin layer 126 is not formed in a later step is irradiated with visible light or ultraviolet light.
- the resin layer 126 is formed in a region sandwiched between any two of the pixel electrodes 111R, 111G, and 111B. Therefore, the pixel electrode 111 is irradiated with visible light or ultraviolet light.
- the region where the resin layer 126 is formed is irradiated with visible light or ultraviolet light.
- the width of the resin layer 126 to be formed later can be controlled by the exposed area of the resin film.
- the resin layer 126 is processed so as to have a region overlapping with the upper surface of the pixel electrode 111 .
- the light used for exposure preferably contains i-line (wavelength: 365 nm). Moreover, the light used for exposure may include at least one of g-line (wavelength: 436 nm) and h-line (wavelength: 405 nm).
- the resin layer 126 is formed in a region sandwiched between any two of the pixel electrodes 111R, 111G, and 111B.
- an acrylic resin is used for the resin film
- it is preferable to use an alkaline solution as a developer for example, an aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) can be used.
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- residues during development may be removed.
- the residue can be removed by ashing using oxygen plasma.
- Etching may be performed to adjust the height of the surface of the resin layer 126 .
- the resin layer 126 may be processed, for example, by ashing using oxygen plasma. Further, even when a non-photosensitive material is used for the resin film that becomes the resin layer 126, the height of the surface of the resin film can be adjusted by the ashing, for example.
- etching is performed using the resin layer 126 as a mask to remove a portion of the insulating layer 118a, a portion of the insulating layer 118b, and a portion of the insulating layer 118c.
- an opening is formed in the insulating layer 118a and the upper surface of the organic layer 112R is exposed.
- an opening is formed in the insulating layer 118b to expose the upper surface of the organic layer 112G.
- an opening is formed in the insulating layer 118c to expose the upper surface of the organic layer 112B (see FIG. 10A).
- an opening reaching the organic layer 112R is provided in the resin layer 126 and the insulating layer 118a.
- An opening reaching the organic layer 112G is provided in the resin layer 126 and the insulating layer 118b.
- An opening reaching the organic layer 112B is provided in the resin layer 126 and the insulating layer 118c.
- the above etching process is performed by wet etching.
- Wet etching can be performed using, for example, an alkaline solution such as TMAH.
- heat treatment may be performed after part of the organic layer 112R, the organic layer 112G, and the organic layer 112B are exposed.
- heat treatment water contained in the organic layer 112, water adsorbed to the surface of the organic layer 112, and the like can be removed.
- heat treatment can be performed in an inert gas atmosphere or a reduced pressure atmosphere.
- the heat treatment can be performed at a substrate temperature of 50° C. to 200° C., preferably 60° C. to 150° C., more preferably 70° C. to 120° C.
- a reduced-pressure atmosphere is preferable because dehydration can be performed at a lower temperature.
- it is preferable to appropriately set the temperature range of the above heat treatment in consideration of the heat resistance temperature of the organic layer 112 .
- a temperature of 70° C. or more and 120° C. or less is particularly suitable in the above temperature range.
- a common layer 114 is formed on the organic layer 112R, the organic layer 112G, the organic layer 112B, and the resin layer 126.
- the common layer 114 can be formed by a vapor deposition method (including a vacuum vapor deposition method), a transfer method, a printing method, an inkjet method, a coating method, or the like.
- the common electrode 113 is formed on the common layer 114. Then, as shown in FIG.
- the common electrode 113 can be formed using a sputtering method, a vacuum evaporation method, or the like. Alternatively, the common electrode 113 may be formed by stacking a film formed by an evaporation method and a film formed by a sputtering method.
- the common electrode 113 is formed so as to overlap the organic layer 112R through openings formed in the resin layer 126 and the insulating layer 118a. In addition, the common electrode 113 is formed so as to overlap the organic layer 112G through openings formed in the resin layer 126 and the insulating layer 118b. In addition, the common electrode 113 is formed so as to overlap the organic layer 112B through openings formed in the resin layer 126 and the insulating layer 118c.
- the light emitting element 110R, the light emitting element 110G, and the light emitting element 110B can be formed.
- the protective layer 121 is formed by a method such as a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, a CVD method, or an ALD method.
- the display device 100A having the configuration shown in FIG. 1B can be manufactured.
- the organic layer 112 is sealed with the insulating layer 105 and the insulating layer 118, so that it is not exposed to the chemical solution or the like used when removing the resist mask. Therefore, the light-emitting element 110 can be formed without using a metal mask for forming the organic layer 112 .
- the wet etching method can be used for all the etching processes performed in the steps after the formation of the pixel electrode 111, so that the manufacturing cost of the display device 100A can be suppressed.
- the difference in optical distance between the pixel electrode 111 and the common electrode 113 can be precisely controlled by the thickness of the organic layer 112 . Therefore, it is possible to easily manufacture a display device with excellent color reproducibility and extremely high display quality, with little deviation in chromaticity between the light emitting elements.
- the light emitting element 110 can be formed on the insulating layer 105 whose upper surface is flattened. Furthermore, since the lower electrode (pixel electrode 111) of the light emitting element 110 can be electrically connected to the pixel circuit or the like of the substrate 101 through the plug 131, extremely fine pixels can be formed. It is possible to realize an extremely high-definition display device. Further, since the light emitting element 110 can be arranged so as to overlap with the pixel circuit or the driver circuit, a display device with a high aperture ratio (effective light emitting area ratio) can be realized.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can achieve both high definition and high display quality.
- the screen ratio (aspect ratio) of the display portion of the display device is not particularly limited.
- the display device can support various screen ratios such as 1:1 (square), 3:4, 16:9, and 16:10.
- FIG. 11A and 11B are diagrams illustrating a display device of one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11A is a schematic top view of the display device 100G
- FIG. 11B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the display device 100G.
- FIG. 11B is a cross-sectional view of the portion indicated by the dashed-dotted line A1-A2 in FIG. 11A. Note that some elements are omitted in the top view of FIG. 11A for clarity of illustration.
- the main difference between the display device 100G and the display device 100A is that the number of grooves provided between adjacent light-emitting elements of different colors is two.
- Two grooves are provided in the insulating layer 105 in a region located between two pixel electrodes 111 adjacent in the A1-A2 direction shown in FIG. 11A.
- the groove on the side of the light emitting element 110R is a groove 173_1b
- the groove on the side of the light emitting element 110G is a groove 173_1b. 173_2a.
- the groove on the light emitting element 110G side is a groove 173_2b
- the groove on the light emitting element 110B side is a groove 173_3a
- the groove on the light emitting element 110B side is a groove 173_3b
- the groove on the light emitting element 110R side is a groove 173_1a.
- the organic layer 112 is divided using the grooves 173 between adjacent light emitting elements of different colors. Accordingly, current (also referred to as leakage current) flowing through the organic layer 112 can be prevented between adjacent light-emitting elements of different colors. Therefore, light emission caused by the leak current can be suppressed, and high-contrast display can be realized. Furthermore, even when the definition is increased, a material with high conductivity can be used for the organic layer 112, so that the range of selection of materials can be widened, and efficiency can be improved, power consumption can be reduced, and reliability can be improved. It becomes easier to improve.
- FIG. 11C shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the groove 173 and its vicinity in the display device 100G. Note that some elements are omitted in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 11C for clarity of illustration.
- a width L1 shown in FIG. 11C is the width of the groove 173 in the A1-A2 direction.
- the width L1 is preferably twice or more the film thickness of the organic layer 112 .
- the width L1 is greater than 200 nm and less than or equal to 500 nm, preferably greater than or equal to 200 nm and less than or equal to 400 nm, more preferably greater than or equal to 200 nm and less than or equal to 300 nm, specifically 250 nm.
- the organic layer 112 is arranged so as to cover the side and top surfaces of the pixel electrode 111 .
- the end of the organic layer 112 is located outside the end of the pixel electrode 111 in the cross-sectional view of the display device 100G.
- the edge of the organic layer 112 covers the edge of the pixel electrode 111 .
- the organic layer 112 has a region in contact with the insulating layer 105 .
- the interval L2 shown in FIG. 11C is the interval between adjacent grooves. In other words, the spacing L2 is the shortest distance between the ends of adjacent grooves.
- a distance L3 shown in FIG. 11C is the distance from the pixel electrode 111 to the groove adjacent to the pixel electrode 111 . In other words, the distance L3 is the shortest distance from the edge of the pixel electrode 111 to the edge of the groove adjacent to the pixel electrode 111 .
- each of the interval L2 and the distance L3 may be appropriately adjusted according to the processing accuracy when using the photolithography method, the film thickness of the organic layer 112, the film thickness of the insulating layer 118, and the like.
- the interval L2 is 200 nm or more and 800 nm or less, preferably 250 nm or more and 700 nm or less, more preferably 350 nm or more and 600 nm or less.
- the distance L3 is 50 nm or more and 400 nm or less, preferably 50 nm or more and 200 nm or less, more preferably 50 nm or more and 150 nm or less.
- a distance L4 shown in FIG. 11C is the shortest distance between the pixel electrodes 111 of two adjacent light-emitting elements of different colors.
- Distance L4 depends on width L1, spacing L2, and distance L3.
- the distance L4 is 700 nm or more and 2000 nm or less, preferably 900 nm or more and 1600 nm or less, more preferably 1000 nm or more and 1400 nm or less.
- pixels having one or more light emitting elements are arranged at a resolution of 2000 ppi or more, preferably 3000 ppi or more, more preferably 5000 ppi or more, and still more preferably 6000 ppi or more, and 20000 ppi or less, or 30000 ppi or less. , an extremely high-definition display device can be realized.
- the insulating layer 118 has a region in contact with at least part of the upper surface of the organic layer 112 and a region in contact with the side surface of the organic layer 112 .
- the insulating layer 118 is provided so as to overlap with two grooves adjacent to the organic layer 112 covered by the insulating layer 118 .
- the insulating layer 118a on the organic layer 112R is provided to overlap the grooves 173_1a and 173_1b
- the insulating layer 118b on the organic layer 112G is provided to overlap the grooves 173_2a and 173_2b
- the insulating layer 118c on the organic layer 112B is provided so as to overlap with the grooves 173_3a and 173_3b.
- the insulating layer 118 has a region in contact with the insulating layer 105 outside the pixel electrode 111 and the organic layer 112 in a cross-sectional view in the A1-A2 direction. Specifically, insulating layer 118 has a region in contact with the sidewall of trench 173 . More specifically, the insulating layer 118a has a region in contact with the sidewall of the trench 173_1a and a region in contact with the sidewall of the trench 173_1b, and the insulating layer 118b has a region in contact with the sidewall of the trench 173_2a and the sidewall of the trench 173_2b.
- the insulating layer 118c has a region in contact with the sidewall of the trench 173_3a and a region in contact with the sidewall of the trench 173_3b. That is, in the display device 100G, the pixel electrode 111 and the organic layer 112 are sealed with the insulating layer 105 and the insulating layer 118.
- FIG. The insulating layer 118 functions as a protective layer that prevents impurities such as water from diffusing into the pixel electrode 111 and the organic layer 112 . This structure can prevent impurities such as water from diffusing into the pixel electrode 111 and the organic layer 112 .
- a layer is located between the insulating layer 118 and the insulating layer 105 inside the groove 173 .
- This layer is composed of the same material as the organic layer 112 covered by the insulating layer 118 .
- a layer made of the same material as the organic layer 112R is positioned between the insulating layer 118a and the insulating layer 105 inside each of the grooves 173_1a and 173_1b.
- a layer made of the same material as the organic layer 112G is positioned between the insulating layer 118b and the insulating layer 105 inside each of the grooves 173_2a and 173_2b.
- a layer made of the same material as the organic layer 112B is located between the insulating layer 118c and the insulating layer 105 inside each of the grooves 173_3a and 173_3b.
- the side surfaces of the organic layers 112 are provided facing each other with the resin layer 126 interposed therebetween.
- the resin layer 126 is positioned between the adjacent light-emitting elements of different colors, and is provided so as to fill the end portions of the respective organic layers 112 and the area between the two organic layers 112 . Also, the resin layer 126 is provided so as to fill the groove 173 .
- FIG. 12A is a schematic top view of the end of the groove 173 and its vicinity. Note that some elements are omitted in the top view of FIG. 12A for clarity of illustration. It is preferable that the grooves 173_a and 173_b extend outside the end of the organic layer 112 in the x-direction. In FIG. 12A, the distance from the ends of the grooves 173_a and 173_b to the ends of the organic layer 112 is indicated as a distance L5. With this structure, adjacent organic layers in the y direction can be separated.
- the common electrode 113 preferably extends outside the end of the groove 173 in the x direction. In other words, it is preferable that the ends of the grooves 173 are positioned inside the ends of the common electrode 113 in the x-direction.
- the insulating layer 118 may be divided into two grooves close to the organic layer 112 covered by the insulating layer 118, as shown in FIG. 12B. is provided so as to embed the
- the insulating layer 118a on the organic layer 112R is provided to fill the grooves 173_1a and 173_1b
- the insulating layer 118b on the organic layer 112G is provided to fill the grooves 173_2a and 173_2b
- the insulating layer 118b is provided on the organic layer 112B.
- the insulating layer 118c is provided to fill the trenches 173_3a and 173_3b.
- the resin layer 126 is provided on the insulating layer 118 and the insulating layer 105 .
- the side wall of the groove 173 has a shape perpendicular to the surface of the substrate 101.
- the shape of the side wall of the groove 173 is changed to It is not limited to this.
- a sidewall of the groove 173 may have a tapered shape or an inverted tapered shape.
- the side wall of the groove 173 may have a curved line or a step.
- the number of grooves provided in the insulating layer 105 in the region located between the two pixel electrodes 111 adjacent in the y direction is preferably one or two, but may be three or more.
- grooves may be provided between light emitting elements of the same color.
- a groove 174_1 is provided between two pixel electrodes 111R (light emitting elements 110R) adjacent in the x direction
- a groove 174_2 is provided between two pixel electrodes 111G (light emitting elements 110G) adjacent in the x direction
- a groove 174_3 may be provided between two pixel electrodes 111B (light emitting elements 110B) adjacent in the x direction.
- groove 174_1 does not cross (connect) grooves 173_1a and 173_1b
- groove 174_2 does not cross (connects) grooves 173_2a and 173_2b
- groove 174_3 does not cross (connect) grooves 173_3a and 173_3b.
- a non-intersecting (non-connecting) configuration is shown. Note that the present invention is not limited to this, and the groove 174_1 may cross (or be connected to) the grooves 173_1a and 173_1b. Also, the groove 174_2 may cross (or be connected to) the grooves 173_2a and 173_2b. Also, the groove 174_3 may cross (or be connected to) the grooves 173_3a and 173_3b.
- the arrangement of the light emitting elements 110 is preferably a stripe arrangement, but may be an arrangement other than the stripe arrangement.
- the arrangement of the light emitting elements 110 (pixel electrodes 111) includes a delta arrangement and a mosaic arrangement.
- the display device 100I in FIG. 13B has pixel electrodes 111 (light emitting elements 110) arranged in a delta arrangement.
- the grooves 173 shown in FIG. 13B can be provided to separate the light emitting elements 110 of different colors.
- FIG. 14A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the display device 100J.
- the display device 100J differs from the display device 100G in that the arrangement of the pixel electrodes 111 is different.
- FIG. 14B shows an enlarged view of the pixel electrode 111 and its vicinity. In addition, in the enlarged view of FIG. 14B, some elements are omitted for clarity of the drawing.
- the pixel electrodes 111 are formed so as to be embedded in openings provided in the insulating layer 105. As shown in FIG. In other words, the top surface of the pixel electrode 111 and the top surface of the insulating layer 105 are substantially aligned. With such a structure, the organic layer 112 can be formed on a flat surface.
- FIGS. 14A and 14B show a configuration in which the insulating layer 105 has a single-layer structure, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the insulating layer 105 may have, for example, a two-layer laminated structure as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B.
- an insulator that functions as an etching stopper film for forming an opening for embedding the pixel electrode 111 in the upper layer of the insulating layer 105 is preferably selected.
- the organic layer 112 Since the organic layer 112 is formed on the flat surface of the display device 100J, the organic layer 112 does not cover the end portions of the pixel electrodes 111 . Therefore, it is possible to prevent the film thickness of the organic layer 112 from being thinned, and it is possible to prevent the occurrence of a short circuit between the upper electrode (common electrode 113) and the lower electrode (pixel electrode 111) of the light emitting element 110.
- the arrangement of sub-pixels includes, for example, a stripe arrangement, an S-stripe arrangement, a matrix arrangement, a delta arrangement, a Bayer arrangement, and a pentile arrangement.
- the top surface shape of the sub-pixel shown in FIGS. 15A to 15G and FIGS. 16A to 16I corresponds to the top surface shape of the light emitting region.
- top surface shapes of sub-pixels include triangles, quadrilaterals (including rectangles and squares), polygons such as pentagons, and polygons with rounded corners, ellipses, and circles.
- circuit layout constituting the sub-pixels is not limited to the range of the sub-pixels shown in the drawing, and may be arranged outside of the sub-pixels.
- a pixel 150 shown in FIG. 15A is composed of three sub-pixels, sub-pixel 110a, sub-pixel 110b, and sub-pixel 110c.
- the pixel 150 shown in FIG. 15B includes a subpixel 110a having a substantially trapezoidal top shape with rounded corners, a subpixel 110b having a substantially triangular top surface shape with rounded corners, and a substantially square or substantially hexagonal top surface shape with rounded corners. and a sub-pixel 110c having Also, the sub-pixel 110b has a larger light emitting area than the sub-pixel 110a.
- the shape and size of each sub-pixel can be determined independently. For example, sub-pixels having more reliable light-emitting elements can be made smaller.
- FIG. 15C shows an example in which pixels 124a having sub-pixels 110a and 110b and pixels 124b having sub-pixels 110b and 110c are alternately arranged.
- Pixel 124a has two subpixels (subpixel 110a and subpixel 110b) in the upper row (first row) and one subpixel (subpixel 110c) in the lower row (second row). have.
- Pixel 124b has one sub-pixel (sub-pixel 110c) in the upper row (first row) and two sub-pixels (sub-pixel 110a and sub-pixel 110b) in the lower row (second row). have.
- FIG. 15D shows an example in which each sub-pixel has a substantially square top surface shape with rounded corners
- FIG. 15E shows an example in which each sub-pixel has a circular top surface shape
- FIG. 15F shows an example in which each sub-pixel has a , which has a substantially hexagonal top shape with rounded corners.
- each sub-pixel is arranged inside a hexagonal region that is closely arranged.
- Each sub-pixel is arranged so as to be surrounded by six sub-pixels when focusing on one sub-pixel.
- sub-pixels that emit light of the same color are provided so as not to be adjacent to each other. For example, when focusing on a sub-pixel 110a, three sub-pixels 110b and three sub-pixels 110c are arranged alternately so as to surround the sub-pixel 110a.
- FIG. 15G is an example in which sub-pixels of each color are arranged in a zigzag pattern. Specifically, when viewed from above, the positions of the upper sides of two sub-pixels (for example, sub-pixel 110a and sub-pixel 110b or sub-pixel 110b and sub-pixel 110c) aligned in the column direction are shifted.
- the sub-pixel 110a is a sub-pixel R that emits red light
- the sub-pixel 110b is a sub-pixel G that emits green light
- the sub-pixel 110c is a sub-pixel that emits blue light.
- Sub-pixel B is preferred. Note that the configuration of the sub-pixels is not limited to this, and the colors exhibited by the sub-pixels and the order in which the sub-pixels are arranged can be determined as appropriate.
- the sub-pixel 110b may be a sub-pixel R that emits red light
- the sub-pixel 110a may be a sub-pixel G that emits green light.
- the top surface shape of the sub-pixel may be a polygonal shape with rounded corners, an elliptical shape, a circular shape, or the like.
- the EL layer is processed into an island shape using a resist mask.
- the resist film formed on the EL layer needs to be cured at a temperature lower than the heat resistance temperature of the EL layer. Therefore, depending on the heat resistance temperature of the EL layer material and the curing temperature of the resist material, curing of the resist film may be insufficient.
- a resist film that is insufficiently hardened may take a shape away from the desired shape during processing.
- the top surface shape of the EL layer may be a polygon with rounded corners, an ellipse, or a circle. For example, when a resist mask having a square top surface is formed, a resist mask having a circular top surface is formed, and the EL layer may have a circular top surface.
- a technique for correcting the mask pattern in advance so that the design pattern and the transfer pattern match.
- OPC Optical Proximity Correction
- a pattern for correction is added to a corner portion of a figure on a mask pattern.
- the pixel can have four types of sub-pixels.
- a stripe arrangement is applied to the pixels 150 shown in FIGS. 16A to 16C.
- FIG. 16A is an example in which each sub-pixel has a rectangular top surface shape
- FIG. 16B is an example in which each sub-pixel has a top surface shape connecting two semicircles and a rectangle
- FIG. This is an example where the sub-pixel has an elliptical top surface shape.
- a matrix arrangement is applied to the pixels 150 shown in FIGS. 16D to 16F.
- FIG. 16D is an example in which each sub-pixel has a square top surface shape
- FIG. 16E is an example in which each sub-pixel has a substantially square top surface shape with rounded corners
- FIG. which have a circular top shape.
- 16G and 16H show an example in which one pixel 150 is composed of 2 rows and 3 columns.
- a pixel 150 shown in FIG. 16G has three sub-pixels (sub-pixel 110a, sub-pixel 110b, and sub-pixel 110c) in the upper row (first row) and 1 sub-pixel in the lower row (second row). It has two sub-pixels (sub-pixel 110d). In other words, pixel 150 has subpixel 110a in the left column (first column), subpixel 110b in the center column (second column), and subpixel 110b in the right column (third column). It has pixels 110c and sub-pixels 110d over these three columns.
- a pixel 150 shown in FIG. 16H has three sub-pixels (sub-pixel 110a, sub-pixel 110b, sub-pixel 110c) in the upper row (first row) and three sub-pixels in the lower row (second row). It has two sub-pixels 110d. In other words, pixel 150 has sub-pixels 110a and 110d in the left column (first column), sub-pixels 110b and 110d in the center column (second column), and sub-pixels 110b and 110d in the middle column (second column).
- a column (third column) has a sub-pixel 110c and a sub-pixel 110d.
- FIG. 16I shows an example in which one pixel 150 is composed of 3 rows and 2 columns.
- the pixel 150 shown in FIG. 16I has sub-pixels 110a in the upper row (first row) and sub-pixels 110b in the middle row (second row). It has a sub-pixel 110c and one sub-pixel (sub-pixel 110d) in the lower row (third row). In other words, the pixel 150 has sub-pixels 110a and 110b in the left column (first column), sub-pixel 110c in the right column (second column), and further , sub-pixel 110d.
- a pixel 150 shown in FIGS. 16A to 16I is composed of four sub-pixels: sub-pixel 110a, sub-pixel 110b, sub-pixel 110c, and sub-pixel 110d.
- the sub-pixel 110a, the sub-pixel 110b, the sub-pixel 110c, and the sub-pixel 110d can be configured to have light-emitting elements that emit light of different colors.
- the sub-pixel 110a, sub-pixel 110b, sub-pixel 110c, and sub-pixel 110d are four-color sub-pixels of R, G, B, and white (W), four-color sub-pixels of R, G, B, and Y, or , R, G, B, and infrared light (IR) sub-pixels.
- the subpixel 110a is a subpixel R that emits red light
- the subpixel 110b is a subpixel G that emits green light
- the subpixel 110c is a subpixel that emits blue light.
- the sub-pixel 110d be the sub-pixel B that emits white light, the sub-pixel Y that emits yellow light, or the sub-pixel IR that emits near-infrared light.
- the pixel 150 shown in FIGS. 16G and 16H has a stripe arrangement of R, G, and B, so that the display quality can be improved.
- the layout of R, G, and B is a so-called S-stripe arrangement, so the display quality can be improved.
- various layouts can be applied to pixels each including a subpixel including a light-emitting element.
- a display device (display panel) exemplified below can be applied to the display device 100A or the like of the first embodiment.
- a display device (display panel) exemplified below includes a transistor.
- the display device of this embodiment can be a high-definition display device.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention is a display unit of an information terminal (wearable device) such as a wristwatch type and a bracelet type, a device for VR such as a head-mounted display, and a glasses type for AR. It can be used for a display unit of a wearable device that can be worn on the head of the device.
- Display module A perspective view of the display module 280 is shown in FIG. 17A.
- the display module 280 has a display device 200A and an FPC 290 .
- the display panel included in the display module 280 is not limited to the display device 200A, and may be any one of the display devices 200B to 200G described later.
- the display module 280 has substrates 291 and 292 .
- the display module 280 has a display section 281 .
- the display unit 281 is an area for displaying images.
- FIG. 17B shows a perspective view schematically showing the configuration on the substrate 291 side.
- a circuit section 282 , a pixel circuit section 283 on the circuit section 282 , and a pixel section 284 on the pixel circuit section 283 are stacked on the substrate 291 .
- a terminal portion 285 for connecting to the FPC 290 is provided on a portion of the substrate 291 that does not overlap with the pixel portion 284 .
- the terminal portion 285 and the circuit portion 282 are electrically connected by a wiring portion 286 composed of a plurality of wirings.
- the pixel section 284 has a plurality of periodically arranged pixels 284a. An enlarged view of one pixel 284a is shown on the right side of FIG. 17B.
- the pixel 284a has a light emitting element 110R that emits red light, a light emitting element 110G that emits green light, and a light emitting element 110B that emits blue light.
- the pixel circuit section 283 has a plurality of periodically arranged pixel circuits 283a.
- One pixel circuit 283a is a circuit that controls light emission of three light emitting elements included in one pixel 284a.
- One pixel circuit 283a may be provided with three circuits for controlling light emission of one light-emitting element.
- the pixel circuit 283a can have at least one selection transistor, one current control transistor (driving transistor), and a capacitive element for each light emitting element. At this time, a gate signal is inputted to the gate of the selection transistor, and a source signal is inputted to the source thereof. This realizes an active matrix display panel.
- the circuit section 282 has a circuit that drives each pixel circuit 283 a of the pixel circuit section 283 .
- a circuit that drives each pixel circuit 283 a of the pixel circuit section 283 For example, it is preferable to have one or both of a gate line driver circuit and a source line driver circuit.
- at least one of an arithmetic circuit, a memory circuit, a power supply circuit, and the like may be provided.
- the transistor provided in the circuit portion 282 may form part of the pixel circuit 283a. That is, the pixel circuit 283a may be configured with the transistor included in the pixel circuit portion 283 and the transistor included in the circuit portion 282.
- the FPC 290 functions as wiring for supplying a video signal, power supply potential, etc. to the circuit section 282 from the outside. Also, an IC may be mounted on the FPC 290 .
- the aperture ratio (effective display area ratio) of the display portion 281 is extremely high. can be higher.
- the aperture ratio of the display section 281 can be 40% or more and less than 100%, preferably 50% or more and 95% or less, more preferably 60% or more and 95% or less.
- the pixels 284a can be arranged at an extremely high density, and the definition of the display portion 281 can be extremely high.
- the pixels 284a may be arranged with a resolution of 2000 ppi or more, preferably 3000 ppi or more, more preferably 5000 ppi or more, and still more preferably 6000 ppi or more, and 20000 ppi or less, or 30000 ppi or less. preferable.
- a display module 280 Since such a display module 280 has extremely high definition, it can be suitably used for devices for VR such as head-mounted displays, or glasses-type devices for AR. For example, even in the case of a configuration in which the display portion of the display module 280 is viewed through a lens, the display module 280 has an extremely high-definition display portion 281, so pixels cannot be viewed even if the display portion is enlarged with the lens. , a highly immersive display can be performed. Moreover, the display module 280 is not limited to this, and can be suitably used for electronic equipment having a relatively small display unit. For example, it can be suitably used for a display part of a wearable electronic device such as a wristwatch.
- Display device 200A A display device 200A illustrated in FIG.
- the substrate 301 corresponds to the substrate 291 in FIGS. 17A and 17B.
- a laminated structure from the substrate 301 to the capacitor 240 corresponds to the substrate 101 in the first embodiment.
- a transistor 310 is a transistor having a channel formation region in the substrate 301 .
- the substrate 301 for example, a semiconductor substrate such as a single crystal silicon substrate can be used.
- Transistor 310 includes a portion of substrate 301 , conductive layer 311 , low resistance region 312 , insulating layer 313 and insulating layer 314 .
- the conductive layer 311 functions as a gate electrode.
- An insulating layer 313 is located between the substrate 301 and the conductive layer 311 and functions as a gate insulating layer.
- the low-resistance region 312 is a region in which the substrate 301 is doped with impurities and functions as either a source or a drain.
- the insulating layer 314 is provided to cover the side surface of the conductive layer 311 and functions as an insulating layer.
- a device isolation layer 315 is provided between two adjacent transistors 310 so as to be embedded in the substrate 301 .
- An insulating layer 261 is provided to cover the transistor 310 , and a capacitor 240 is provided over the insulating layer 261 .
- the capacitor 240 has a conductive layer 241, a conductive layer 245, and an insulating layer 243 positioned therebetween.
- the conductive layer 241 functions as one electrode of the capacitor 240
- the conductive layer 245 functions as the other electrode of the capacitor 240
- the insulating layer 243 functions as the dielectric of the capacitor 240 .
- the conductive layer 241 is provided on the insulating layer 261 and embedded in the insulating layer 254 .
- Conductive layer 241 is electrically connected to one of the source or drain of transistor 310 by plug 271 embedded in insulating layer 261 .
- An insulating layer 243 is provided over the conductive layer 241 .
- the conductive layer 245 is provided in a region overlapping with the conductive layer 241 with the insulating layer 243 provided therebetween.
- An insulating layer 255 is provided to cover the capacitor 240 .
- An inorganic insulating film can be suitably used for the insulating layer 255 .
- a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, or the like can be used as the insulating layer 255 .
- This embodiment mode shows an example in which part of the insulating layer 255 is etched to form a recess.
- the insulating layer 255 has a three-layer structure of a first insulating layer, a second insulating layer over the first insulating layer, and a third insulating layer over the second insulating layer.
- An inorganic insulating film can be preferably used for each of the first insulating layer, the second insulating layer, and the third insulating layer.
- the insulating layer 255 corresponds to the insulating layer 105 in FIG. 1B. Moreover, when the insulating layer 255 has a laminated structure, part of the plurality of layers included in the insulating layer 255 corresponds to the insulating layer 105 in FIG. 1B.
- a light emitting element 110R, a light emitting element 110G, and a light emitting element 110B are provided on the insulating layer 255.
- FIG. Embodiment 1 can be used for the configurations of the light emitting element 110R, the light emitting element 110G, and the light emitting element 110B.
- the light-emitting elements are separately manufactured for each emission color, so there is little change in chromaticity between low-luminance light emission and high-luminance light emission. Further, since the organic layer 112R, the organic layer 112G, and the organic layer 112B are separated from each other, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of crosstalk between adjacent sub-pixels even in a high-definition display panel. Therefore, a display panel with high definition and high display quality can be realized.
- An insulating layer 118 and a resin layer 126 are provided in a region between adjacent light emitting elements.
- the pixel electrode 111R, the pixel electrode 111G, and the pixel electrode 111B of the light emitting element are formed by a plug 256 embedded in the insulating layer 255, a conductive layer 241 embedded in the insulating layer 254, and a plug 271 embedded in the insulating layer 261. is electrically connected to one of the source or drain of transistor 310 by .
- the height of the top surface of the insulating layer 255 and the height of the top surface of the plug 256 match or substantially match.
- Various conductive materials can be used for the plug.
- the plug 256 corresponds to the plug 131 in FIG. 1B.
- a protective layer 121 is provided over the light emitting elements 110R, 110G, and 110B.
- a substrate 170 is bonded onto the protective layer 121 with an adhesive layer 171 .
- a display device 200B shown in FIG. 19 has a structure in which a transistor 310A and a transistor 310B each having a channel formed in a semiconductor substrate are stacked.
- the description of the same parts as those of the previously described display panel may be omitted.
- the display device 200B has a structure in which a substrate 301B provided with a transistor 310B, a capacitor 240, and a light emitting element and a substrate 301A provided with a transistor 310A are bonded together.
- an insulating layer 345 is provided on the lower surface of the substrate 301B, and an insulating layer 346 is provided on the insulating layer 261 provided on the substrate 301A.
- the insulating layers 345 and 346 are insulating layers functioning as protective layers, and can suppress diffusion of impurities into the substrates 301B and 301A.
- an inorganic insulating film that can be used for the protective layer 121 or the insulating layer 332 can be used.
- a plug 343 penetrating through the substrate 301B and the insulating layer 345 is provided on the substrate 301B.
- the substrate 301B is provided with a conductive layer 342 below the insulating layer 345 .
- the conductive layer 342 is embedded in the insulating layer 335, and the lower surfaces of the conductive layer 342 and the insulating layer 335 are planarized. Also, the conductive layer 342 is electrically connected to the plug 343 .
- the conductive layer 341 is provided on the insulating layer 346 on the substrate 301A.
- the conductive layer 341 is embedded in the insulating layer 336, and the top surfaces of the conductive layer 341 and the insulating layer 336 are planarized.
- the same conductive material is preferably used for the conductive layers 341 and 342 .
- a metal film containing an element selected from Al, Cr, Cu, Ta, Ti, Mo, and W, or a metal nitride film (titanium nitride film, molybdenum nitride film, tungsten nitride film) containing the above elements as components etc. can be used.
- copper is preferably used for the conductive layers 341 and 342 .
- a Cu—Cu (copper-copper) direct bonding technique (a technique for achieving electrical continuity by connecting Cu (copper) pads) can be applied.
- a display device 200 ⁇ /b>C shown in FIG. 20 has a configuration in which a conductive layer 341 and a conductive layer 342 are bonded via bumps 347 .
- the conductive layers 341 and 342 can be electrically connected.
- the bumps 347 can be formed using a conductive material containing, for example, gold (Au), nickel (Ni), indium (In), tin (Sn), or the like. Also, for example, solder may be used as the bumps 347 . Further, an adhesive layer 348 may be provided between the insulating layer 345 and the insulating layer 346 . Further, when the bump 347 is provided, the insulating layer 335 and the insulating layer 336 may not be provided.
- Display device 200D A display device 200D shown in FIG. 21 is mainly different from the display device 200A in that the configuration of transistors is different.
- the transistor 320 is a transistor (OS transistor) in which a metal oxide (also referred to as an oxide semiconductor) is applied to a semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed.
- OS transistor a transistor in which a metal oxide (also referred to as an oxide semiconductor) is applied to a semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed.
- the transistor 320 has a semiconductor layer 321 , an insulating layer 323 , a conductive layer 324 , a pair of conductive layers 325 , an insulating layer 326 , and a conductive layer 327 .
- the substrate 331 corresponds to the substrate 291 in FIGS. 17A and 17B.
- An insulating layer 332 is provided on the substrate 331 .
- the insulating layer 332 functions as a barrier layer that prevents impurities such as water or hydrogen from diffusing from the substrate 331 into the transistor 320 and oxygen from the semiconductor layer 321 toward the insulating layer 332 side.
- a film into which hydrogen or oxygen is less likely to diffuse than a silicon oxide film such as an aluminum oxide film, a hafnium oxide film, or a silicon nitride film, can be used.
- a conductive layer 327 is provided over the insulating layer 332 , and an insulating layer 326 is provided to cover the conductive layer 327 .
- the conductive layer 327 functions as a first gate electrode of the transistor 320, and part of the insulating layer 326 functions as a first gate insulating layer.
- An oxide insulating film such as a silicon oxide film is preferably used for at least a portion of the insulating layer 326 that is in contact with the semiconductor layer 321 .
- the upper surface of the insulating layer 326 is preferably planarized.
- the semiconductor layer 321 is provided on the insulating layer 326 .
- the semiconductor layer 321 preferably includes a metal oxide (also referred to as an oxide semiconductor) film exhibiting semiconductor characteristics.
- a pair of conductive layers 325 is provided on and in contact with the semiconductor layer 321 and functions as a source electrode and a drain electrode.
- An insulating layer 328 is provided covering the top and side surfaces of the pair of conductive layers 325 and the side surface of the semiconductor layer 321, and the insulating layer 264 is provided on the insulating layer 328.
- the insulating layer 328 functions as a barrier layer that prevents impurities such as water or hydrogen from diffusing into the semiconductor layer 321 from the insulating layer 264 or the like and oxygen from leaving the semiconductor layer 321 .
- an insulating film similar to the insulating layer 332 can be used as the insulating layer 328.
- An opening reaching the semiconductor layer 321 is provided in the insulating layer 328 and the insulating layer 264 .
- An insulating layer 323 in contact with the upper surface of the semiconductor layer 321 and a conductive layer 324 are embedded in the opening.
- the conductive layer 324 functions as a second gate electrode, and the insulating layer 323 functions as a second gate insulating layer.
- the top surface of the conductive layer 324, the top surface of the insulating layer 323, and the top surface of the insulating layer 264 are planarized so that their heights are the same or substantially the same, and the insulating layers 329 and 265 are provided to cover them. ing.
- the insulating layers 264 and 265 function as interlayer insulating layers.
- the insulating layer 329 functions as a barrier layer that prevents impurities such as water or hydrogen from diffusing into the transistor 320 from the insulating layer 265 or the like.
- an insulating film similar to the insulating layers 328 and 332 can be used.
- a plug 274 electrically connected to one of the pair of conductive layers 325 is provided so as to be embedded in the insulating layers 265 , 329 and 264 .
- the plug 274 includes a conductive layer 274a that covers the side surfaces of the openings of the insulating layers 265, the insulating layers 329, the insulating layers 264, and the insulating layer 328 and part of the top surface of the conductive layer 325, and the conductive layer 274a. It is preferable to have a conductive layer 274b in contact with the top surface. At this time, a conductive material into which hydrogen and oxygen are difficult to diffuse is preferably used for the conductive layer 274a.
- a display device 200E illustrated in FIG. 22 has a structure in which a transistor 320A and a transistor 320B each including an oxide semiconductor as a semiconductor in which a channel is formed are stacked.
- the display device 200D can be used for the configuration of the transistor 320A, the transistor 320B, and their peripherals.
- transistors each including an oxide semiconductor are stacked here, the structure is not limited to this.
- a structure in which three or more transistors are stacked may be employed.
- a display device 200F illustrated in FIG. 23 has a structure in which a transistor 310 in which a channel is formed over a substrate 301 and a transistor 320 including a metal oxide in a semiconductor layer in which the channel is formed are stacked.
- An insulating layer 261 is provided to cover the transistor 310 , and a conductive layer 251 is provided over the insulating layer 261 .
- An insulating layer 262 is provided to cover the conductive layer 251 , and the conductive layer 252 is provided over the insulating layer 262 .
- the conductive layers 251 and 252 each function as wirings.
- An insulating layer 263 and an insulating layer 332 are provided to cover the conductive layer 252 , and the transistor 320 is provided over the insulating layer 332 .
- An insulating layer 265 is provided to cover the transistor 320 and a capacitor 240 is provided over the insulating layer 265 . Capacitor 240 and transistor 320 are electrically connected by plug 274 .
- the transistor 320 can be used as a transistor forming a pixel circuit. Further, the transistor 310 can be used as a transistor forming a pixel circuit or a transistor forming a driver circuit (a gate line driver circuit or a source line driver circuit) for driving the pixel circuit. Further, the transistors 310 and 320 can be used as transistors included in various circuits such as an arithmetic circuit and a memory circuit.
- a pixel circuit not only a pixel circuit but also a driver circuit and the like can be formed directly under the light-emitting element, so that the size of the display panel can be reduced compared to the case where the driver circuit is provided around the display region. becomes possible.
- a display device 200G illustrated in FIG. 24 has a structure in which a transistor 310 in which a channel is formed over a substrate 301, a transistor 320A including a metal oxide in a semiconductor layer in which the channel is formed, and a transistor 320B are stacked.
- the transistor 320A can be used as a transistor forming a pixel circuit.
- the transistor 310 can be used as a transistor that forms a pixel circuit or a transistor that forms a driver circuit (a gate line driver circuit or a source line driver circuit) for driving the pixel circuit.
- the transistor 320B may be used as a transistor forming a pixel circuit, or may be used as a transistor forming the driver circuit. Further, the transistor 310, the transistor 320A, and the transistor 320B can be used as transistors included in various circuits such as an arithmetic circuit or a memory circuit.
- a transistor includes a conductive layer functioning as a gate electrode, a semiconductor layer, a conductive layer functioning as a source electrode, a conductive layer functioning as a drain electrode, and an insulating layer functioning as a gate insulating layer.
- the structure of the transistor included in the display device of one embodiment of the present invention there is no particular limitation on the structure of the transistor included in the display device of one embodiment of the present invention.
- a planar transistor, a staggered transistor, or an inverted staggered transistor may be used.
- the transistor structure may be either a top-gate type or a bottom-gate type.
- gate electrodes may be provided above and below the channel.
- Crystallinity of a semiconductor material used for a transistor is not particularly limited, either an amorphous semiconductor or a semiconductor having crystallinity (a microcrystalline semiconductor, a polycrystalline semiconductor, a single crystal semiconductor, or a semiconductor partially including a crystal region). may be used. It is preferable to use a crystalline semiconductor because deterioration of transistor characteristics can be suppressed.
- a transistor in which a metal oxide film is used as a semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed will be described below.
- a metal oxide having an energy gap of 2 eV or more, preferably 2.5 eV or more, more preferably 3 eV or more can be used as a semiconductor material used for a transistor.
- a typical example is a metal oxide containing indium, and for example, CAC-OS, which will be described later, can be used.
- a transistor using a metal oxide that has a wider bandgap and a lower carrier concentration than silicon retains charge accumulated in a capacitor connected in series with the transistor for a long period of time due to its low off-state current. Is possible.
- the semiconductor layer is denoted by an In-M-Zn oxide containing, for example, indium, zinc and M, where M is a metal such as aluminum, titanium, gallium, germanium, yttrium, zirconium, lanthanum, cerium, tin, neodymium or hafnium. It can be a membrane that
- the atomic ratio of the metal elements in the sputtering target used for forming the In-M-Zn oxide is In ⁇ M, Zn ⁇ It is preferable to satisfy M.
- the atomic ratio of the semiconductor layers to be deposited includes a variation of plus or minus 40% of the atomic ratio of the metal element contained in the sputtering target.
- a metal oxide film with a low carrier concentration is used as the semiconductor layer.
- the semiconductor layer has a carrier concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or less, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 13 cm ⁇ 3 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 11 cm ⁇ 3 or less .
- a metal oxide having a carrier concentration of 3 or less, more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 10 cm ⁇ 3 and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 cm ⁇ 3 or more can be used.
- Such metal oxides are referred to as highly pure or substantially highly pure intrinsic metal oxides.
- the oxide semiconductor can be said to be a metal oxide with a low defect state density and stable characteristics.
- an oxide semiconductor having an appropriate composition may be used in accordance with required semiconductor characteristics and electrical characteristics (field-effect mobility, threshold voltage, etc.) of the transistor.
- the semiconductor layer has appropriate carrier concentration, impurity concentration, defect density, atomic ratio of metal elements and oxygen, interatomic distance, density, and the like. .
- the concentration of silicon or carbon in the semiconductor layer is set to 2 ⁇ 10 18 atoms/cm 3 or less, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 17 atoms/cm 3 or less.
- the concentration of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry in the semiconductor layer is set to 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms/cm 3 or less, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 16 atoms/cm 3 or less.
- the nitrogen concentration in the semiconductor layer obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry is preferably 5 ⁇ 10 18 atoms/cm 3 or less.
- Oxide semiconductors are classified into single-crystal oxide semiconductors and non-single-crystal oxide semiconductors.
- non-single-crystal oxide semiconductors include CAAC-OS (c-axis-aligned crystalline oxide semiconductor), polycrystalline oxide semiconductors, nc-OS (nanocrystalline oxide semiconductors), and pseudo-amorphous oxide semiconductors (a-like OS). : amorphous-like oxide semiconductor), amorphous oxide semiconductors, and the like.
- a CAC-OS (cloud-aligned composite oxide semiconductor) may be used for the semiconductor layer of the transistor disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention.
- non-single-crystal oxide semiconductor can be preferably used for the semiconductor layer of the transistor disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention.
- a non-single-crystal oxide semiconductor an nc-OS, a CAAC-OS, or a CAC-OS can be preferably used.
- the semiconductor layer includes a CAAC-OS region, a polycrystalline oxide semiconductor region, an nc-OS region, a CAC-OS region, a pseudo-amorphous oxide semiconductor region, and an amorphous oxide semiconductor region.
- a mixed film containing two or more of these may be used.
- the mixed film may have, for example, a single-layer structure or a laminated structure containing two or more of the above-described regions.
- a transistor having a metal oxide film as a semiconductor layer does not require a laser crystallization process, unlike a transistor using low-temperature polysilicon. Therefore, the manufacturing cost can be reduced even for a display device using a large-sized substrate.
- semiconductors are used in high-resolution and large display devices such as ultra high-definition (“4K resolution”, “4K2K”, “4K”) and super high-definition (“8K resolution”, “8K4K”, “8K”).
- silicon may be used for the semiconductor in which the channel of the transistor is formed.
- amorphous silicon may be used as silicon, it is particularly preferable to use crystalline silicon.
- microcrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, single crystal silicon, or the like is preferably used.
- polycrystalline silicon can be formed at a lower temperature than monocrystalline silicon, and has higher field effect mobility and higher reliability than amorphous silicon.
- Conductive layer In addition to the gate, source and drain of transistors, materials that can be used for conductive layers such as various wirings and electrodes constituting display devices include aluminum, titanium, chromium, nickel, copper, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, silver, A metal such as tantalum or tungsten, or an alloy containing this as a main component can be used. Also, a film containing these materials can be used as a single layer or as a laminated structure.
- a single-layer structure of an aluminum film containing silicon a two-layer structure in which an aluminum film is stacked over a titanium film, a two-layer structure in which an aluminum film is stacked over a tungsten film, and a copper film over a copper-magnesium-aluminum alloy film.
- insulating materials that can be used for each insulating layer include resins such as acrylic resins and epoxy resins, resins having a siloxane bond such as silicone, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, and oxide. Inorganic insulating materials such as aluminum can also be used.
- the light emitting element is preferably provided between a pair of insulating films with low water permeability. As a result, it is possible to prevent impurities such as water from entering the light-emitting element, and to prevent deterioration of the reliability of the device.
- Examples of insulating films with low water permeability include films containing nitrogen and silicon such as silicon nitride films and silicon nitride oxide films, and films containing nitrogen and aluminum such as aluminum nitride films.
- films containing nitrogen and silicon such as silicon nitride films and silicon nitride oxide films
- films containing nitrogen and aluminum such as aluminum nitride films.
- a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, an aluminum oxide film, or the like may be used.
- the water vapor permeation amount of an insulating film with low water permeability is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 [g/(m 2 ⁇ day)] or less, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 [g/(m 2 ⁇ day)] or less, It is more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 [g/(m 2 ⁇ day)] or less, still more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 [g/(m 2 ⁇ day)] or less.
- This embodiment can be implemented by appropriately combining at least part of it with other embodiments described herein.
- the light emitting device has an EL layer 763 between a pair of electrodes (lower electrode 761 and upper electrode 762).
- EL layer 763 can be composed of multiple layers, such as layer 780 , light-emitting layer 771 , and layer 790 .
- the light-emitting layer 771 has at least a light-emitting substance (also referred to as a light-emitting material).
- the layer 780 includes a layer containing a substance with high hole injection property (hole injection layer), a layer containing a substance with high hole transport property (positive hole-transporting layer) and a layer containing a highly electron-blocking substance (electron-blocking layer).
- the layer 790 includes a layer containing a substance with high electron injection properties (electron injection layer), a layer containing a substance with high electron transport properties (electron transport layer), and a layer containing a substance with high hole blocking properties (positive layer). pore blocking layer).
- a structure having a layer 780, a light-emitting layer 771, and a layer 790 provided between a pair of electrodes can function as a single light-emitting unit, and the structure of FIG. 25A is referred to herein as a single structure.
- FIG. 25B is a modification of the EL layer 763 included in the light emitting element shown in FIG. 25A. Specifically, the light-emitting element shown in FIG. It has a top layer 792 and a top electrode 762 on layer 792 .
- layer 781 is a hole injection layer
- layer 782 is a hole transport layer
- layer 791 is an electron transport layer
- layer 792 is an electron injection layer.
- the layer 781 is an electron injection layer
- the layer 782 is an electron transport layer
- the layer 791 is a hole transport layer
- the layer 792 is a hole injection layer.
- FIGS. 25C and 25D a configuration in which a plurality of light-emitting layers (light-emitting layers 771, 772, and 773) are provided between layers 780 and 790 is also a variation of the single structure.
- FIGS. 25C and 25D show an example having three light-emitting layers, the number of light-emitting layers in a light-emitting element having a single structure may be two or four or more.
- the single-structure light-emitting element may have a buffer layer between the two light-emitting layers.
- a structure in which a plurality of light-emitting units (light-emitting unit 763a and light-emitting unit 763b) are connected in series via a charge generation layer 785 (also referred to as an intermediate layer) is used herein.
- This is called a tandem structure.
- the tandem structure may also be called a stack structure.
- a light-emitting element capable of emitting light with high luminance can be obtained.
- the tandem structure can reduce the current required to obtain the same luminance as compared with the single structure, so reliability can be improved.
- FIGS. 25D and 25F are examples in which the display device has a layer 764 overlapping with the light emitting element.
- FIG. 25D is an example in which layer 764 overlaps the light emitting element shown in FIG. 25C
- FIG. 25F is an example in which layer 764 overlaps the light emitting element shown in FIG. 25E.
- a conductive film that transmits visible light is used for the upper electrode 762 in order to extract light to the upper electrode 762 side.
- the layer 764 one or both of a color conversion layer and a color filter (colored layer) can be used.
- a light-emitting element with a single structure has three light-emitting layers, a light-emitting layer containing a light-emitting substance that emits red (R) light, a light-emitting layer containing a light-emitting substance that emits green (G) light, and a light-emitting layer that emits blue light. It is preferable to have a light-emitting layer having a light-emitting substance (B) that emits light.
- the stacking order of the light-emitting layers can be R, G, B from the anode side, or R, B, G, etc. from the anode side.
- a buffer layer may be provided between R and G or B.
- a light-emitting element with a single structure has two light-emitting layers
- a light-emitting layer containing a light-emitting substance that emits blue (B) light and a light-emitting layer containing a light-emitting substance that emits yellow (Y) light. is preferred.
- This structure is sometimes called a BY single structure.
- a light-emitting element that emits white light preferably contains two or more types of light-emitting substances.
- two or more light-emitting substances may be selected so that the light emission of each light-emitting substance has a complementary color relationship.
- a light-emitting element that emits white light as a whole can be obtained.
- the layer 780 and the layer 790 may each independently have a laminated structure consisting of two or more layers.
- the light-emitting element having the configuration shown in FIG. 25E or FIG. 25F is used for the sub-pixel that emits light of each color
- different light-emitting substances may be used depending on the sub-pixel.
- a light-emitting substance that emits red light may be used for each of the light-emitting layers 771 and 772 .
- the light-emitting layers 771 and 772 may each use a light-emitting substance that emits green light.
- a light-emitting substance that emits blue light may be used for each of the light-emitting layers 771 and 772 . It can be said that the display device having such a configuration employs a tandem-structured light-emitting element and has an SBS structure. Therefore, it is possible to have both the merit of the tandem structure and the merit of the SBS structure. Accordingly, a highly reliable light-emitting element capable of emitting light with high brightness can be realized.
- 25E and 25F show an example in which the light-emitting unit 763a has one light-emitting layer 771 and the light-emitting unit 763b has one light-emitting layer 772, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- Each of the light-emitting unit 763a and the light-emitting unit 763b may have two or more light-emitting layers.
- the light-emitting element having two light-emitting units is illustrated, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the light-emitting element may have three or more light-emitting units.
- a structure having two light-emitting units may be called a two-stage tandem structure, and a structure having three light-emitting units may be called a three-stage tandem structure.
- the light-emitting unit 763a has layers 780a, 771 and 790a
- the light-emitting unit 763b has layers 780b, 772 and 790b.
- layers 780a and 780b each have one or more of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, and an electron blocking layer.
- layers 790a and 790b each include one or more of an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, and a hole blocking layer. If the bottom electrode 761 is the cathode and the top electrode 762 is the anode, then layers 780a and 790a would have the opposite arrangement, and layers 780b and 790b would also have the opposite arrangement.
- layer 780a has a hole-injection layer and a hole-transport layer over the hole-injection layer, and further includes a hole-transport layer. It may have an electron blocking layer on the layer.
- Layer 790a also has an electron-transporting layer and may also have a hole-blocking layer between the light-emitting layer 771 and the electron-transporting layer.
- Layer 780b also has a hole transport layer and may also have an electron blocking layer on the hole transport layer.
- Layer 790b also has an electron-transporting layer, an electron-injecting layer on the electron-transporting layer, and may also have a hole-blocking layer between the light-emitting layer 772 and the electron-transporting layer. If the bottom electrode 761 is the cathode and the top electrode 762 is the anode, for example, layer 780a has an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer on the electron injection layer, and a positive electrode on the electron transport layer. It may have a pore blocking layer. Layer 790a also has a hole-transporting layer and may also have an electron-blocking layer between the light-emitting layer 771 and the hole-transporting layer.
- Layer 780b also has an electron-transporting layer and may also have a hole-blocking layer on the electron-transporting layer.
- Layer 790b also has a hole-transporting layer, a hole-injecting layer on the hole-transporting layer, and an electron-blocking layer between the light-emitting layer 772 and the hole-transporting layer. good too.
- charge generation layer 785 has at least a charge generation region.
- the charge-generating layer 785 has a function of injecting electrons into one of the two light-emitting units and holes into the other when a voltage is applied between the pair of electrodes.
- tandem structure light-emitting element the structures shown in FIGS. 26A to 26C can be given.
- FIG. 26A shows a configuration having three light emitting units.
- a plurality of light-emitting units (light-emitting unit 763a, light-emitting unit 763b, and light-emitting unit 763c) are connected in series via charge generation layers 785, respectively.
- Light-emitting unit 763a includes layer 780a, light-emitting layer 771, and layer 790a
- light-emitting unit 763b includes layer 780b, light-emitting layer 772, and layer 790b
- light-emitting unit 763c includes , a layer 780c, a light-emitting layer 773, and a layer 790c.
- a structure applicable to the layers 780a and 780b can be used for the layer 780c
- a structure applicable to the layers 790a and 790b can be used for the layer 790c.
- light-emitting layers 771, 772, and 773 preferably have light-emitting substances that emit light of the same color.
- the light-emitting layer 771, the light-emitting layer 772, and the light-emitting layer 773 each include a red (R) light-emitting substance (so-called three-stage tandem structure of R ⁇ R ⁇ R), the light-emitting layer 771, and the light-emitting layer 772 and 773 each include a green (G) light-emitting substance (so-called G ⁇ G ⁇ G three-stage tandem structure), or the light-emitting layers 771, 772, and 773 each include a blue light-emitting layer.
- R red
- G green
- a structure (B) including a light-emitting substance (a so-called three-stage tandem structure of B ⁇ B ⁇ B) can be employed.
- a ⁇ b means that a light-emitting unit having a light-emitting substance that emits light b is provided over a light-emitting unit that has a light-emitting substance that emits light a through a charge generation layer.
- a, b denote colors.
- a light-emitting substance that emits light of a different color may be used for part or all of the light-emitting layers 771, 772, and 773.
- the combination of the emission colors of the light-emitting layer 771, the light-emitting layer 772, and the light-emitting layer 773 is, for example, a configuration in which any two are blue (B) and the remaining one is yellow (Y), and any one is red (R ), the other one is green (G), and the remaining one is blue (B).
- the luminescent substances that emit light of the same color are not limited to the above configurations.
- a tandem light-emitting element in which light-emitting units having a plurality of light-emitting layers are stacked may be used.
- FIG. 26B shows a configuration in which two light-emitting units (light-emitting unit 763a and light-emitting unit 763b) are connected in series via the charge generation layer 785.
- the light-emitting unit 763a includes a layer 780a, a light-emitting layer 771a, a light-emitting layer 771b, a light-emitting layer 771c, and a layer 790a. and a light-emitting layer 772c and a layer 790b.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 26B is a two-stage tandem structure of W ⁇ W. Note that there is no particular limitation on the stacking order of the light-emitting substances that are complementary colors. A practitioner can appropriately select the optimum stacking order. Although not shown, a three-stage tandem structure of W ⁇ W ⁇ W or a tandem structure of four or more stages may be employed.
- a two-stage tandem structure of B ⁇ Y or Y ⁇ B having a light-emitting unit that emits yellow (Y) light and a light-emitting unit that emits blue (B) light.
- Two-stage tandem structure of R ⁇ G ⁇ B or B ⁇ R ⁇ G having a light-emitting unit that emits (R) and green (G) light and a light-emitting unit that emits blue (B) light, blue (B)
- a three-stage tandem structure of B ⁇ Y ⁇ B having, in this order, a light-emitting unit that emits light of yellow (Y), and a light-emitting unit that emits light of blue (B).
- a light-emitting unit that emits yellow-green (YG) light, and a light-emitting unit that emits blue (B) light in this order, a three-stage tandem structure of B ⁇ YG ⁇ B, blue A three-stage tandem structure of B ⁇ G ⁇ B having, in this order, a light-emitting unit that emits (B) light, a light-emitting unit that emits green (G) light, and a light-emitting unit that emits blue (B) light, etc. is mentioned.
- a ⁇ b means that one light-emitting unit includes a light-emitting substance that emits light a and a light-emitting substance that emits light b.
- a light-emitting unit having one light-emitting layer and a light-emitting unit having a plurality of light-emitting layers may be combined.
- a plurality of light-emitting units (light-emitting unit 763a, light-emitting unit 763b, and light-emitting unit 763c) are connected in series via charge generation layers 785, respectively.
- Light-emitting unit 763a includes layer 780a, light-emitting layer 771, and layer 790a
- light-emitting unit 763b includes layer 780b, light-emitting layer 772a, light-emitting layer 772b, light-emitting layer 772c, and layer 790b.
- the light-emitting unit 763c includes a layer 780c, a light-emitting layer 773, and a layer 790c.
- the light-emitting unit 763a is a light-emitting unit that emits blue (B) light
- the light-emitting unit 763b emits red (R), green (G), and yellow-green (YG) light.
- a three-stage tandem structure of B ⁇ R, G, and YG ⁇ B, in which the light-emitting unit 763c is a light-emitting unit that emits blue (B) light, or the like can be applied.
- the order of the number of stacked light-emitting units and the colors is as follows: from the anode side, a two-stage structure of B and Y; a two-stage structure of B and light-emitting unit X; a three-stage structure of B, Y, and B; , B, and the order of the number of layers of light-emitting layers and the colors in the light-emitting unit X is, from the anode side, a two-layer structure of R and Y, a two-layer structure of R and G, and a two-layer structure of G and R.
- a two-layer structure, a three-layer structure of G, R, and G, or a three-layer structure of R, G, and R can be used.
- another layer may be provided between the two light-emitting layers.
- a conductive film that transmits visible light is used for the electrode on the light extraction side of the lower electrode 761 and the upper electrode 762 .
- a conductive film that reflects visible light is preferably used for the electrode on the side from which light is not extracted.
- a conductive film that transmits visible light and infrared light is used for the electrode on the side from which light is extracted, and a conductive film is used for the electrode on the side that does not extract light.
- a conductive film that reflects visible light and infrared light is preferably used.
- a conductive film that transmits visible light may also be used for the electrode on the side from which light is not extracted.
- the electrode is preferably placed between the reflective layer and the EL layer 763 . That is, the light emitted from the EL layer 763 may be reflected by the reflective layer and extracted from the display device.
- metals, alloys, electrically conductive compounds, mixtures thereof, and the like can be used as appropriate.
- specific examples of such materials include aluminum, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, gallium, zinc, indium, tin, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, palladium, gold, platinum, silver, yttrium, Metals such as neodymium, and alloys containing appropriate combinations thereof can be mentioned.
- Examples of such materials include indium tin oxide (also referred to as In—Sn oxide, ITO), In—Si—Sn oxide (also referred to as ITSO), indium zinc oxide (In—Zn oxide), and In -W-Zn oxide and the like can be mentioned.
- Examples of the material include aluminum-containing alloys (aluminum alloys) such as alloys of aluminum, nickel, and lanthanum (Al-Ni-La), and alloys of silver, palladium and copper (Ag-Pd-Cu, APC Also referred to as).
- elements belonging to Group 1 or Group 2 of the periodic table of elements not exemplified above e.g., lithium, cesium, calcium, strontium
- europium e.g., europium
- rare earth metals such as ytterbium
- appropriate combinations of these alloy containing, graphene, and the like e.g., graphene, graphene, and the like.
- a micro optical resonator (microcavity) structure is preferably applied to the light emitting element. Therefore, one of the pair of electrodes of the light-emitting element preferably has an electrode (semi-transmissive/semi-reflective electrode) that is transparent and reflective to visible light, and the other is an electrode that is reflective to visible light ( reflective electrode). Since the light-emitting element has a microcavity structure, the light emitted from the light-emitting layer can be resonated between the two electrodes, and the light emitted from the light-emitting element can be enhanced.
- the light transmittance of the transparent electrode is set to 40% or more.
- an electrode having a transmittance of 40% or more for visible light (light having a wavelength of 400 nm or more and less than 750 nm) as the transparent electrode of the light emitting element.
- the visible light reflectance of the semi-transmissive/semi-reflective electrode is 10% or more and 95% or less, preferably 30% or more and 80% or less.
- the visible light reflectance of the reflective electrode is 40% or more and 100% or less, preferably 70% or more and 100% or less.
- the resistivity of these electrodes is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 ⁇ cm or less.
- a light-emitting element has at least a light-emitting layer. Further, in the light-emitting element, layers other than the light-emitting layer include a substance with a high hole-injection property, a substance with a high hole-transport property, a hole-blocking material, a substance with a high electron-transport property, an electron-blocking material, and a substance with a high electron-injection property.
- a layer containing a substance, a bipolar substance (a substance with high electron-transport properties and high hole-transport properties), or the like may be further included.
- the light-emitting device has one or more layers selected from a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a hole blocking layer, a charge generation layer, an electron blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer. can be configured.
- Either a low-molecular compound or a high-molecular compound can be used for the light-emitting element, and an inorganic compound may be included.
- Each of the layers constituting the light-emitting element can be formed by a vapor deposition method (including a vacuum vapor deposition method), a transfer method, a printing method, an inkjet method, a coating method, or the like.
- the luminescent layer has one or more luminescent substances.
- a substance emitting light of blue, purple, blue-violet, green, yellow-green, yellow, orange, red, or the like is used as appropriate.
- a substance that emits near-infrared light can be used as the light-emitting substance.
- Luminous materials include fluorescent materials, phosphorescent materials, TADF materials, and quantum dot materials.
- fluorescent materials include pyrene derivatives, anthracene derivatives, triphenylene derivatives, fluorene derivatives, carbazole derivatives, dibenzothiophene derivatives, dibenzofuran derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, pyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, phenanthrene derivatives, and naphthalene derivatives. mentioned.
- Examples of phosphorescent materials include organometallic complexes (especially iridium complexes) having a 4H-triazole skeleton, 1H-triazole skeleton, imidazole skeleton, pyrimidine skeleton, pyrazine skeleton, or pyridine skeleton, and phenylpyridine derivatives having an electron-withdrawing group.
- organometallic complexes especially iridium complexes
- platinum complexes, rare earth metal complexes, and the like, which serve as ligands, can be mentioned.
- the light-emitting layer may contain one or more organic compounds (host material, assist material, etc.) in addition to the light-emitting substance (guest material).
- One or both of a highly hole-transporting substance (hole-transporting material) and a highly electron-transporting substance (electron-transporting material) can be used as the one or more organic compounds.
- a highly hole-transporting substance hole-transporting material
- a highly electron-transporting substance electron-transporting material
- electron-transporting material a material having a high electron-transporting property that can be used for the electron-transporting layer, which will be described later, can be used.
- Bipolar materials or TADF materials may also be used as one or more organic compounds.
- the light-emitting layer preferably includes, for example, a phosphorescent material and a combination of a hole-transporting material and an electron-transporting material that easily form an exciplex.
- ExTET Exciplex-Triplet Energy Transfer
- a combination that forms an exciplex that emits light that overlaps with the wavelength of the absorption band on the lowest energy side of the light-emitting substance energy transfer becomes smooth and light emission can be efficiently obtained. With this configuration, high efficiency, low-voltage driving, and long life of the light-emitting element can be realized at the same time.
- the hole-injecting layer is a layer that injects holes from the anode into the hole-transporting layer, and contains a material with high hole-injecting properties.
- highly hole-injecting materials include aromatic amine compounds and composite materials containing a hole-transporting material and an acceptor material (electron-accepting material).
- hole-transporting material a material having a high hole-transporting property that can be used for the hole-transporting layer, which will be described later, can be used.
- oxides of metals belonging to groups 4 to 8 in the periodic table can be used.
- Specific examples include molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, chromium oxide, tungsten oxide, manganese oxide, and rhenium oxide.
- molybdenum oxide is particularly preferred because it is stable even in the atmosphere, has low hygroscopicity, and is easy to handle.
- An organic acceptor material containing fluorine can also be used.
- Organic acceptor materials such as quinodimethane derivatives, chloranil derivatives, and hexaazatriphenylene derivatives can also be used.
- a material with a high hole-injection property a material containing a hole-transporting material and an oxide of a metal belonging to Groups 4 to 8 in the above-described periodic table (typically molybdenum oxide) is used. may be used.
- the hole-transporting layer is a layer that transports holes injected from the anode to the light-emitting layer by means of the hole-injecting layer.
- a hole-transporting layer is a layer containing a hole-transporting material.
- the hole-transporting material a substance having a hole mobility of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 cm 2 /Vs or more is preferable. Note that substances other than these can be used as long as they have a higher hole-transport property than electron-transport property.
- hole-transporting materials include ⁇ -electron-rich heteroaromatic compounds (e.g., carbazole derivatives, thiophene derivatives, furan derivatives, etc.), aromatic amines (compounds having an aromatic amine skeleton), and other highly hole-transporting materials. is preferred.
- ⁇ -electron-rich heteroaromatic compounds e.g., carbazole derivatives, thiophene derivatives, furan derivatives, etc.
- aromatic amines compounds having an aromatic amine skeleton
- other highly hole-transporting materials is preferred.
- the electron blocking layer is provided in contact with the light emitting layer.
- the electron blocking layer is a layer containing a material capable of transporting holes and blocking electrons.
- a material having an electron blocking property can be used among the above hole-transporting materials.
- the electron blocking layer has hole transport properties, it can also be called a hole transport layer. Moreover, the layer which has electron blocking property can also be called an electron blocking layer among hole transport layers.
- the electron-transporting layer is a layer that transports electrons injected from the cathode to the light-emitting layer by the electron-injecting layer.
- the electron-transporting layer is a layer containing an electron-transporting material.
- an electron-transporting material a substance having an electron mobility of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 cm 2 /Vs or more is preferable. Note that substances other than these substances can be used as long as they have a higher electron-transport property than hole-transport property.
- electron-transporting materials include metal complexes having a quinoline skeleton, metal complexes having a benzoquinoline skeleton, metal complexes having an oxazole skeleton, metal complexes having a thiazole skeleton, oxadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, ⁇ electron deficient including oxazole derivatives, thiazole derivatives, phenanthroline derivatives, quinoline derivatives with quinoline ligands, benzoquinoline derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, pyridine derivatives, bipyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, and other nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic compounds
- a material having a high electron transport property such as a type heteroaromatic compound can be used.
- the hole blocking layer is provided in contact with the light emitting layer.
- the hole-blocking layer is a layer containing a material that has electron-transport properties and can block holes.
- a material having a hole-blocking property can be used among the above-described electron-transporting materials.
- the hole-blocking layer can also be called an electron-transporting layer because it has electron-transporting properties. Moreover, among the electron transport layers, a layer having hole blocking properties can also be referred to as a hole blocking layer.
- the electron injection layer is a layer that injects electrons from the cathode to the electron transport layer, and is a layer that contains a material with high electron injection properties.
- Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, or compounds thereof can be used as materials with high electron injection properties.
- a composite material containing an electron-transporting material and a donor material (electron-donating material) can also be used as a material with high electron-injecting properties.
- the LUMO level of the material with high electron injection properties has a small difference (specifically, 0.5 eV or less) from the value of the work function of the material used for the cathode.
- the electron injection layer includes, for example, lithium, cesium, ytterbium, lithium fluoride (LiF), cesium fluoride (CsF), calcium fluoride (CaF x , X is an arbitrary number), 8-(quinolinolato)lithium (abbreviation: Liq), 2-(2-pyridyl)phenoratritium (abbreviation: LiPP), 2-(2-pyridyl)-3-pyridinolatritium (abbreviation: LiPPy), 4-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)pheno Alkali metals such as latolithium (abbreviation: LiPPP), lithium oxide (LiO x ), cesium carbonate, alkaline earth metals, or compounds thereof can be used.
- the electron injection layer may have a laminated structure of two or more layers. Examples of the laminated structure include a structure in which lithium fluoride is used for the first layer and ytterbium is provided for the second layer.
- the electron injection layer may have an electron-transporting material.
- a compound having a lone pair of electrons and a ⁇ -electron deficient heteroaromatic ring can be used as the electron-transporting material.
- a compound having at least one of a pyridine ring, diazine ring (pyrimidine ring, pyrazine ring, pyridazine ring), and triazine ring can be used.
- the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of an organic compound having an unshared electron pair is preferably -3.6 eV or more and -2.3 eV or less.
- CV cyclic voltammetry
- photoelectron spectroscopy optical absorption spectroscopy
- inverse photoelectron spectroscopy etc. are used to determine the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO: Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital) level and LUMO level of an organic compound. can be estimated.
- BPhen 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline
- NBPhen 2,9-di(naphthalen-2-yl)-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline
- HATNA diquinoxalino [2,3-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine
- TmPPPyTz 2,4,6-tris[3′-(pyridin-3-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]-1,3 , 5-triazine
- the charge generation layer has at least a charge generation region as described above.
- the charge generation region preferably contains an acceptor material, for example, preferably contains a hole transport material and an acceptor material applicable to the hole injection layer described above.
- the charge generation layer preferably has a layer containing a material with high electron injection properties.
- This layer can also be called an electron injection buffer layer.
- the electron injection buffer layer is preferably provided between the charge generation region and the electron transport layer. Since the injection barrier between the charge generation region and the electron transport layer can be relaxed by providing the electron injection buffer layer, electrons generated in the charge generation region can be easily injected into the electron transport layer.
- the electron injection buffer layer preferably contains an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, and can be configured to contain, for example, an alkali metal compound or an alkaline earth metal compound.
- the electron injection buffer layer preferably has an inorganic compound containing an alkali metal and oxygen, or an inorganic compound containing an alkaline earth metal and oxygen. Lithium (Li 2 O), etc.) is more preferred.
- the above materials applicable to the electron injection layer can be preferably used.
- the charge generation layer preferably has a layer containing a material with high electron transport properties. Such layers may also be referred to as electron relay layers.
- the electron relay layer is preferably provided between the charge generation region and the electron injection buffer layer. If the charge generation layer does not have an electron injection buffer layer, the electron relay layer is preferably provided between the charge generation region and the electron transport layer.
- the electron relay layer has a function of smoothly transferring electrons by preventing interaction between the charge generation region and the electron injection buffer layer (or electron transport layer).
- a phthalocyanine-based material such as copper (II) phthalocyanine (abbreviation: CuPc), or a metal complex having a metal-oxygen bond and an aromatic ligand.
- charge generation region the electron injection buffer layer, and the electron relay layer described above may not be clearly distinguishable depending on their cross-sectional shape or characteristics.
- the charge generation layer may have a donor material instead of the acceptor material.
- the charge-generating layer may have a layer containing an electron-transporting material and a donor material, which are applicable to the electron-injecting layer described above.
- An electronic device of this embodiment includes the display device of one embodiment of the present invention in a display portion.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can easily have high definition and high resolution. Therefore, it can be used for display portions of various electronic devices.
- Examples of electronic devices include television devices, desktop or notebook personal computers, computer monitors, digital signage, and electronic devices with relatively large screens such as large game machines such as pachinko machines. Examples include cameras, digital video cameras, digital photo frames, mobile phones, portable game machines, personal digital assistants, and sound reproduction devices.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can have high definition, it can be suitably used for an electronic device having a relatively small display portion.
- electronic devices include wristwatch-type and bracelet-type information terminals (wearable devices), VR devices such as head-mounted displays, glasses-type AR devices, and MR devices. wearable devices that can be worn on
- a display device of one embodiment of the present invention includes HD (1280 ⁇ 720 pixels), FHD (1920 ⁇ 1080 pixels), WQHD (2560 ⁇ 1440 pixels), WQXGA (2560 ⁇ 1600 pixels), 4K (2560 ⁇ 1600 pixels), 3840 ⁇ 2160) and 8K (7680 ⁇ 4320 pixels).
- the resolution it is preferable to set the resolution to 4K, 8K, or higher.
- the pixel density (definition) of the display device of one embodiment of the present invention is preferably 100 ppi or more, preferably 300 ppi or more, more preferably 500 ppi or more, more preferably 1000 ppi or more, more preferably 2000 ppi or more, and 3000 ppi or more.
- the display device More preferably, it is 5000 ppi or more, and even more preferably 7000 ppi or more.
- a display device having one or both of high resolution and high definition in this way, it is possible to further enhance the sense of realism and depth in electronic devices for personal use such as portable or home use.
- the screen ratio aspect ratio
- the display can accommodate various screen ratios such as 1:1 (square), 4:3, 16:9, and 16:10.
- the electronic device of this embodiment includes sensors (force, displacement, position, velocity, acceleration, angular velocity, number of revolutions, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substance, sound, time, hardness, electric field, current, voltage , power, radiation, flow, humidity, gradient, vibration, odor, or infrared).
- the electronic device of this embodiment can have various functions. For example, a function to display various information (still images, moving images, text images, etc.) on the display unit, a touch panel function, a function to display a calendar, date, or time, etc., a function to execute various software (programs), It can have a wireless communication function, a function of reading a program or data recorded on a recording medium, or the like.
- FIGS. 27A to 27D An example of a wearable device that can be worn on the head will be described with reference to FIGS. 27A to 27D.
- These wearable devices have at least one of a function of displaying AR content, a function of displaying VR content, a function of displaying SR content, and a function of displaying MR content. If the electronic device has a function of displaying at least one of AR, VR, SR, MR, and the like, it is possible to enhance the user's sense of immersion.
- Electronic device 700A shown in FIG. 27A and electronic device 700B shown in FIG. It has a portion (not shown), an imaging portion (not shown), a pair of optical members 753 , a frame 757 and a pair of nose pads 758 .
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display panel 751 . Therefore, an extremely high-definition electronic device can be obtained.
- Each of the electronic device 700A and the electronic device 700B can project an image displayed on the display panel 751 onto the display area 756 of the optical member 753 . Since the optical member 753 has translucency, the user can see the image displayed in the display area superimposed on the transmitted image visually recognized through the optical member 753 . Therefore, the electronic device 700A and the electronic device 700B are electronic devices capable of AR display.
- the electronic device 700A and the electronic device 700B may be provided with a camera capable of capturing an image in front as an imaging unit. Further, each of the electronic devices 700A and 700B includes an acceleration sensor such as a gyro sensor to detect the orientation of the user's head and display an image corresponding to the orientation in the display area 756. can also be provided with a camera capable of capturing an image in front as an imaging unit. Further, each of the electronic devices 700A and 700B includes an acceleration sensor such as a gyro sensor to detect the orientation of the user's head and display an image corresponding to the orientation in the display area 756. can also
- the communication unit has a wireless communication device, and can supply, for example, a video signal by the wireless communication device.
- a connector capable of connecting a cable to which the video signal and the power supply potential are supplied may be provided.
- the electronic device 700A and the electronic device 700B are provided with batteries, and can be charged wirelessly and/or wiredly.
- the housing 721 may be provided with a touch sensor module.
- the touch sensor module has a function of detecting that the outer surface of the housing 721 is touched.
- the touch sensor module can detect a user's tap operation, slide operation, or the like, and execute various processes. For example, it is possible to perform processing such as pausing or resuming a moving image by a tap operation, and it is possible to perform fast-forward or fast-reverse processing by a slide operation. Further, by providing a touch sensor module for each of the two housings 721, the range of operations can be expanded.
- touch sensors can be applied as the touch sensor module.
- various methods such as a capacitance method, a resistive film method, an infrared method, an electromagnetic induction method, a surface acoustic wave method, or an optical method can be adopted.
- a photoelectric conversion element (also referred to as a photoelectric conversion device) can be used as the light receiving element.
- a photoelectric conversion element also referred to as a photoelectric conversion device
- One or both of an inorganic semiconductor and an organic semiconductor can be used for the active layer of the photoelectric conversion element.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 820 . Therefore, an extremely high-definition electronic device can be obtained.
- the display unit 820 is provided inside the housing 821 at a position where it can be viewed through the lens 832 . By displaying different images on the pair of display portions 820, three-dimensional display using parallax can be performed.
- Each of the electronic device 800A and the electronic device 800B can be said to be an electronic device for VR.
- a user wearing electronic device 800 ⁇ /b>A or electronic device 800 ⁇ /b>B can visually recognize an image displayed on display unit 820 through lens 832 .
- the electronic device 800A and the electronic device 800B each have a mechanism for adjusting the left and right positions of the lens 832 and the display unit 820 so that they are optimally positioned according to the position of the user's eyes. preferably. Further, it is preferable to have a mechanism for adjusting focus by changing the distance between the lens 832 and the display portion 820 .
- the wearing section 823 allows the user to wear the electronic device 800A or the electronic device 800B on the head.
- the shape is illustrated as a temple of eyeglasses (also referred to as a joint, a temple, or the like), but the shape is not limited to this.
- the mounting portion 823 may be worn by the user, and may be, for example, a helmet-type or band-type shape.
- the imaging unit 825 has a function of acquiring external information. Data acquired by the imaging unit 825 can be output to the display unit 820 . An image sensor can be used for the imaging unit 825 . Also, a plurality of cameras may be provided so as to be able to deal with a plurality of angles of view such as telephoto and wide angle.
- a distance measuring sensor also referred to as a detection unit
- the imaging unit 825 is one aspect of the detection unit.
- the detection unit for example, an image sensor or a distance image sensor such as LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) can be used.
- LIDAR Light Detection and Ranging
- the electronic device 800A may have a vibration mechanism that functions as bone conduction earphones.
- the vibration mechanism can be applied to one or more of the display portion 820 , the housing 821 , and the mounting portion 823 .
- the electronic device 800A and the electronic device 800B may each have an input terminal.
- a cable for supplying a video signal from a video output device or the like and electric power for charging a battery provided in the electronic device can be connected to the input terminal.
- the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention may have a function of wirelessly communicating with the earphone 750.
- Earphone 750 has a communication unit (not shown) and has a wireless communication function.
- Earphone 750 can receive information (eg, audio data) from an electronic device through its wireless communication function.
- electronic device 700A shown in FIG. 27A has a function of transmitting information to earphone 750 by a wireless communication function.
- electronic device 800A shown in FIG. 27C has a function of transmitting information to earphone 750 by a wireless communication function.
- the electronic device may have an earphone unit.
- Electronic device 700B shown in FIG. 27B has earphone section 727 .
- the earphone unit 727 and the control unit can be configured to be wired to each other.
- a part of the wiring connecting the earphone section 727 and the control section may be arranged inside the housing 721 or the mounting section 723 .
- the electronic device 800B shown in FIG. 27D has an earphone section 827.
- the earphone unit 827 and the control unit 824 can be configured to be wired to each other.
- a part of the wiring connecting the earphone section 827 and the control section 824 may be arranged inside the housing 821 or the mounting section 823 .
- the earphone section 827 and the mounting section 823 may have magnets. As a result, the earphone section 827 can be fixed to the mounting section 823 by magnetic force, and storage is facilitated, which is preferable.
- the electronic device may have an audio output terminal to which earphones, headphones, or the like can be connected. Also, the electronic device may have one or both of the audio input terminal and the audio input mechanism.
- the voice input mechanism for example, a sound collecting device such as a microphone can be used. By providing the electronic device with a voice input mechanism, the electronic device may function as a so-called headset.
- both a glasses type (electronic device 700A, electronic device 700B, etc.) and a goggle type (electronic device 800A, electronic device 800B, etc.) are preferable. be.
- the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention can transmit information to the earphone by wire or wirelessly.
- An electronic device 6500 shown in FIG. 28A is a mobile information terminal that can be used as a smartphone.
- the electronic device 6500 has a housing 6501, a display unit 6502, a power button 6503, a button 6504, a speaker 6505, a microphone 6506, a camera 6507, a light source 6508, and the like.
- a display portion 6502 has a touch panel function.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 6502 . Therefore, an extremely high-definition electronic device can be obtained.
- FIG. 28B is a schematic cross-sectional view including the end of the housing 6501 on the microphone 6506 side.
- a light-transmitting protective member 6510 is provided on the display surface side of the housing 6501, and a display panel 6511, an optical member 6512, a touch sensor panel 6513, and a printer are placed in a space surrounded by the housing 6501 and the protective member 6510.
- a substrate 6517, a battery 6518, and the like are arranged.
- a display panel 6511, an optical member 6512, and a touch sensor panel 6513 are fixed to the protective member 6510 with an adhesive layer (not shown).
- a portion of the display panel 6511 is folded back in a region outside the display portion 6502, and the FPC 6515 is connected to the folded region.
- An IC6516 is mounted on the FPC6515.
- the FPC 6515 is connected to terminals provided on the printed circuit board 6517 .
- the flexible display of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display panel 6511 . Therefore, an extremely lightweight electronic device can be realized. In addition, since the display panel 6511 is extremely thin, the thickness of the electronic device can be reduced and the large-capacity battery 6518 can be mounted. In addition, by folding back part of the display panel 6511 and arranging a connection portion with the FPC 6515 on the back side of the pixel portion, an electronic device with a narrow frame can be realized.
- a television set 7100 has a display portion 7000 incorporated in a housing 7101 .
- a configuration in which a housing 7101 is supported by a stand 7103 is shown.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000 . Therefore, an extremely high-definition electronic device can be obtained.
- the operation of the television apparatus 7100 shown in FIG. 28C can be performed using operation switches provided on the housing 7101 and a separate remote controller 7111 .
- the display portion 7000 may be provided with a touch sensor, and the television device 7100 may be operated by touching the display portion 7000 with a finger or the like.
- the remote controller 7111 may have a display unit that displays information output from the remote controller 7111 .
- a channel and a volume can be operated with operation keys or a touch panel provided in the remote controller 7111 , and an image displayed on the display portion 7000 can be operated.
- the television device 7100 is configured to include a receiver, a modem, and the like.
- the receiver can receive general television broadcasts. Also, by connecting to a wired or wireless communication network via a modem, one-way (from the sender to the receiver) or two-way (between the sender and the receiver, or between the receivers, etc.) information communication can be performed. is also possible.
- FIG. 28D shows an example of a notebook personal computer.
- a notebook personal computer 7200 has a housing 7211, a keyboard 7212, a pointing device 7213, an external connection port 7214, and the like.
- the display portion 7000 is incorporated in the housing 7211 .
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000 . Therefore, an extremely high-definition electronic device can be obtained.
- FIGS. 28E and 28F An example of digital signage is shown in FIGS. 28E and 28F.
- a digital signage 7300 shown in FIG. 28E includes a housing 7301, a display unit 7000, speakers 7303, and the like. Furthermore, it can have an LED lamp, an operation key (including a power switch or an operation switch), a connection terminal, various sensors, a microphone, and the like.
- FIG. 28F is a digital signage 7400 attached to a cylindrical post 7401.
- a digital signage 7400 has a display section 7000 provided along the curved surface of a pillar 7401 .
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000 in FIGS. 28E and 28F. Therefore, an extremely high-definition electronic device can be obtained.
- the wider the display unit 7000 the more information can be provided at once.
- the wider the display unit 7000 the more conspicuous it is, and the more effective the advertisement can be, for example.
- a touch panel By applying a touch panel to the display unit 7000, not only can images or moving images be displayed on the display unit 7000, but also the user can intuitively operate the display unit 7000, which is preferable. Further, when used for providing information such as route information or traffic information, the usability can be enhanced by intuitive operation.
- the digital signage 7300 or digital signage 7400 is preferably capable of cooperating with an information terminal 7311 or information terminal 7411 such as a smartphone possessed by the user through wireless communication.
- advertisement information displayed on the display portion 7000 can be displayed on the screen of the information terminal 7311 or the information terminal 7411 .
- display on the display portion 7000 can be switched.
- the digital signage 7300 or the digital signage 7400 can execute a game using the screen of the information terminal 7311 or 7411 as an operation means (controller). This allows an unspecified number of users to simultaneously participate in and enjoy the game.
- the electronic device shown in FIGS. 29A to 29G includes a housing 9000, a display unit 9001, a speaker 9003, operation keys 9005 (including a power switch or an operation switch), connection terminals 9006, sensors 9007 (force, displacement, position, speed , acceleration, angular velocity, number of rotations, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substances, sound, time, hardness, electric field, current, voltage, power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration, smell, or infrared rays measuring function), and a microphone 9008 and the like.
- the electronic devices shown in FIGS. 29A to 29G have various functions. For example, a function to display various information (still images, moving images, text images, etc.) on the display unit, a touch panel function, a calendar, a function to display the date or time, etc., a function to control processing by various software (programs) , a wireless communication function, or a function of reading and processing programs or data recorded on a recording medium.
- a function to display various information (still images, moving images, text images, etc.) on the display unit a touch panel function, a calendar, a function to display the date or time, etc.
- a function to control processing by various software (programs) a wireless communication function
- a wireless communication function or a function of reading and processing programs or data recorded on a recording medium.
- the electronic device may have a plurality of display units.
- the electronic device may be provided with a camera or the like, and may have a function of capturing a still image or moving image and storing it in a recording medium (external or built into the camera), and a function of displaying the captured image on the display unit. .
- FIGS. 29A to 29G Details of the electronic devices shown in FIGS. 29A to 29G will be described below.
- FIG. 29A is a perspective view showing a mobile information terminal 9101.
- the mobile information terminal 9101 can be used as a smart phone, for example.
- the portable information terminal 9101 may be provided with a speaker 9003, a connection terminal 9006, a sensor 9007, or the like.
- the mobile information terminal 9101 can display text and image information on its multiple surfaces.
- FIG. 29A shows an example in which three icons 9050 are displayed.
- Information 9051 indicated by a dashed rectangle can also be displayed on another surface of the display portion 9001 . Examples of the information 9051 include notification of incoming e-mails, SNSs, telephone calls, titles of e-mails or SNSs, sender names, date and time, remaining battery power, radio wave intensity, and the like.
- an icon 9050 may be displayed at the position where the information 9051 is displayed.
- FIG. 29B is a perspective view showing the mobile information terminal 9102.
- the portable information terminal 9102 has a function of displaying information on three or more sides of the display portion 9001 .
- information 9052, information 9053, and information 9054 are displayed on different surfaces.
- the user can confirm the information 9053 displayed at a position where the mobile information terminal 9102 can be viewed from above the mobile information terminal 9102 while the mobile information terminal 9102 is stored in the chest pocket of the clothes.
- the user can check the display without taking out the portable information terminal 9102 from the pocket, and can determine, for example, whether to receive a call.
- FIG. 29C is a perspective view showing the tablet terminal 9103.
- the tablet terminal 9103 is capable of executing various applications such as mobile phone, e-mail, reading and creating text, playing music, Internet communication, and computer games, for example.
- the tablet terminal 9103 has a display portion 9001, a camera 9002, a microphone 9008, and a speaker 9003 on the front of the housing 9000, operation keys 9005 as operation buttons on the left side of the housing 9000, and connection on the bottom. It has a terminal 9006 .
- FIG. 29D is a perspective view showing a wristwatch-type mobile information terminal 9200.
- the mobile information terminal 9200 can be used as a smart watch (registered trademark), for example.
- the display portion 9001 has a curved display surface, and display can be performed along the curved display surface.
- the mobile information terminal 9200 can also make hands-free calls by mutual communication with a headset capable of wireless communication, for example.
- the portable information terminal 9200 can perform mutual data transmission and charging with another information terminal through the connection terminal 9006 . Note that the charging operation may be performed by wireless power supply.
- FIGS. 29E to 29G are perspective views showing a foldable personal digital assistant 9201.
- FIG. 29E is a state in which the portable information terminal 9201 is unfolded
- FIG. 29G is a state in which it is folded
- FIG. 29F is a perspective view in the middle of changing from one of FIGS. 29E and 29G to the other.
- the portable information terminal 9201 has excellent portability in the folded state, and has excellent display visibility due to a seamless wide display area in the unfolded state.
- a display portion 9001 included in the portable information terminal 9201 is supported by three housings 9000 connected by hinges 9055 .
- the display portion 9001 can be bent with a curvature radius of 0.1 mm or more and 150 mm or less.
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Abstract
Description
図2A及び図2Bは、表示装置の構成例を示す図である。
図3A及び図3Bは、表示装置の構成例を示す図である。
図4A及び図4Bは、表示装置の構成例を示す図である。
図5A乃至図5Cは、表示装置の構成例を示す図である。
図6A及び図6Bは、表示装置の構成例を示す図である。
図7A乃至図7Dは、表示装置の作製方法例を説明する図である。
図8A乃至図8Cは、表示装置の作製方法例を説明する図である。
図9A乃至図9Cは、表示装置の作製方法例を説明する図である。
図10A及び図10Bは、表示装置の作製方法例を説明する図である。
図11A乃至図11Cは、表示装置の構成例を示す図である。
図12A及び図12Bは、表示装置の構成例を示す図である。
図13A及び図13Bは、表示装置の構成例を示す図である。
図14A及び図14Bは、表示装置の構成例を示す図である。
図15A乃至図15Gは、画素の一例を示す図である。
図16A乃至図16Iは、画素の一例を示す図である。
図17A及び図17Bは、表示装置の構成例を示す図である。
図18は、表示装置の構成例を示す図である。
図19は、表示装置の構成例を示す図である。
図20は、表示装置の構成例を示す図である。
図21は、表示装置の構成例を示す図である。
図22は、表示装置の構成例を示す図である。
図23は、表示装置の構成例を示す図である。
図24は、表示装置の構成例を示す図である。
図25A乃至図25Fは、発光素子の構成例を示す図である。
図26A乃至図26Cは、発光素子の構成例を示す図である。
図27A乃至図27Dは、電子機器の一例を示す図である。
図28A乃至図28Fは、電子機器の一例を示す図である。
図29A乃至図29Gは、電子機器の一例を示す図である。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置、及び表示装置の作製方法について説明する。
〔構成例1−1〕
図1Aおよび図1Bは、本発明の一態様の表示装置を説明する図である。図1Aは、表示装置100Aの上面概略図であり、図1Bは、表示装置100Aの断面概略図である。ここで、図1Bは、図1AにA1−A2の一点鎖線で示す部位の断面図である。なお、図1Aの上面図では、図の明瞭化のために一部の要素を省いている。
図4Aは、表示装置100Dの断面概略図である。
図5A及び図5Bはそれぞれ、表示装置100E及び表示装置100Fの断面概略図である。表示装置100E及び表示装置100Fは、表示装置100Aとは溝175の形状が異なる。
〔発光素子〕
発光素子110に用いることのできる発光素子としては、自発光が可能な素子を用いることができ、電流または電圧によって輝度が制御される素子をその範疇に含んでいる。例えば、LED、有機EL素子、無機EL素子等を用いることができる。特に、有機EL素子を用いることが好ましい。
本発明の一態様の表示装置の作製方法の一例について、図面を参照して説明する。
以下では、本発明の一態様の表示装置の作製方法の一例について、上記構成例で例示した、表示装置100Aを例に挙げて、説明する。
基板101としては、少なくとも後の熱処理に耐えうる程度の耐熱性を有する基板を用いることができる。基板101として、絶縁性基板を用いる場合には、ガラス基板、石英基板、サファイア基板、セラミックス基板などが挙げられる。また、シリコンまたは炭化シリコンなどを材料とした単結晶半導体基板、多結晶半導体基板、シリコンゲルマニウム等の化合物半導体基板、SOI基板などの半導体基板を用いることができる。
基板101上に絶縁層105を形成する。続いて、絶縁層105の、プラグ131を形成する位置に基板101に達する開口を形成する。当該開口は、基板101に設けられた電極または配線に達する開口であることが好ましい。続いて、当該開口を埋めるように導電膜を成膜した後に、絶縁層105の上面が露出するように平坦化処理を行う。これにより、絶縁層105に埋め込まれたプラグ131を形成することができる。
続いて、絶縁層105に溝175を形成する(図7A参照)。溝175の形成には、等方性のエッチング法を用いることができる。例えば、ウェットエッチング処理、または等方性のプラズマエッチング処理を用いることができる。特に、絶縁層105として無機材料を有する絶縁層を用いる場合、ウェットエッチング処理を用いることが好ましい。また、絶縁層105として有機材料を有する絶縁層を用いる場合、等方性のドライエッチング処理を用いることが好ましい。これにより、一部が画素電極111の下方に位置する溝175を形成することができる。
絶縁層105上、画素電極111G上、および画素電極111B上に、レジストマスク151を形成する。このとき、レジストマスク151は、溝175_2の一部、画素電極111G、溝175_3、画素電極111B、および溝175_1の一部と重なる部分に形成される。さらに、溝175_2に位置するレジストマスク151の側面は、互いに向かい合う、画素電極111Rの側面と画素電極111Gの側面との最短距離の中間よりも画素電極111G側に位置し、溝175_1に位置するレジストマスク151の側面は、互いに向かい合う、画素電極111Bの側面と画素電極111Rの側面との最短距離の中間よりも画素電極111B側に位置する(図7B参照)。
絶縁層105上、画素電極111B上、および絶縁層118a上に、レジストマスク151を形成する。このとき、レジストマスク151は、溝175_3の一部、画素電極111B、溝175_1、絶縁層118a、および溝175_2の一部と重なる部分に形成される。さらに、溝175_3に位置するレジストマスク151の側面は、互いに向かい合う、画素電極111Gの側面と画素電極111Bの側面との最短距離の中間よりも画素電極111B側に位置し、溝175_2に位置するレジストマスク151の側面は、互いに向かい合う、画素電極111Rの側面と画素電極111Gの側面との最短距離の中間よりも画素電極111R側に位置する(図8A参照)。
絶縁層105上、絶縁層118a上、および絶縁層118b上に、レジストマスク151を形成する。このとき、レジストマスク151は、溝175_1の一部、絶縁層118a、溝175_2、絶縁層118b、および溝175_3の一部と重なる部分に形成される。さらに、溝175_1に位置するレジストマスク151の側面は、互いに向かい合う、画素電極111Bの側面と画素電極111Rの側面との最短距離の中間よりも画素電極111R側に位置し、溝175_3に位置するレジストマスク151の側面は、互いに向かい合う、画素電極111Gの側面と画素電極111Bの側面との最短距離の中間よりも画素電極111G側に位置する(図9A参照)。
絶縁層105、絶縁層118a、絶縁層118b、および絶縁層118c上に、樹脂層126となる樹脂膜を形成する。
以下では、上記表示装置とは一部の構成が異なる変形例について説明する。
図11A及び図11Bは、本発明の一態様の表示装置を説明する図である。図11Aは、表示装置100Gの上面概略図であり、図11Bは、表示装置100Gの断面概略図である。ここで、図11Bは、図11AにA1−A2の一点鎖線で示す部位の断面図である。なお、図11Aの上面図では、図の明瞭化のために一部の要素を省いている。
図14Aは、表示装置100Jの断面概略図である。表示装置100Jは、画素電極111の配置が異なる点で、表示装置100Gと異なる。図14Bに、画素電極111、及びその近傍の拡大図を示している。なお、図14Bの拡大図では、図の明瞭化のために一部の要素を省いている。
以下では、主に、図1Aとは異なる画素レイアウトについて説明する。副画素の配列に特に限定はなく、様々な方法を適用することができる。副画素の配列としては、例えば、ストライプ配列、Sストライプ配列、マトリクス配列、デルタ配列、ベイヤー配列、ペンタイル配列などが挙げられる。
本実施の形態では、先の本発明の一態様で説明した表示装置(表示パネル)の他の構成例について説明する。以下で例示する表示装置(表示パネル)は、上記実施の形態1の表示装置100A等に適用することができる。以下で例示する表示装置(表示パネル)は、トランジスタを有する。
図17Aに、表示モジュール280の斜視図を示す。表示モジュール280は、表示装置200Aと、FPC290と、を有する。なお、表示モジュール280が有する表示パネルは表示装置200Aに限られず、後述する表示装置200B乃至表示装置200Gのいずれかであってもよい。
図18に示す表示装置200Aは、基板301、発光素子110R、発光素子110G、発光素子110B、容量240、及び、トランジスタ310を有する。
図19に示す表示装置200Bは、それぞれ半導体基板にチャネルが形成されるトランジスタ310Aと、トランジスタ310Bとが積層された構成を有する。なお、以降の表示パネルの説明では、先に説明した表示パネルと同様の部分については説明を省略することがある。
図20に示す表示装置200Cは、導電層341と導電層342を、バンプ347を介して接合する構成を有する。
図21に示す表示装置200Dは、トランジスタの構成が異なる点で、表示装置200Aと主に相違する。
図22に示す表示装置200Eは、それぞれチャネルが形成される半導体に酸化物半導体を有するトランジスタ320Aと、トランジスタ320Bとが積層された構成を有する。
図23に示す表示装置200Fは、基板301にチャネルが形成されるトランジスタ310と、チャネルが形成される半導体層に金属酸化物を含むトランジスタ320とが積層された構成を有する。
図24に示す表示装置200Gは、基板301にチャネルが形成されるトランジスタ310と、チャネルが形成される半導体層に金属酸化物を含むトランジスタ320Aと、トランジスタ320Bとが積層された構成を有する。
トランジスタは、ゲート電極として機能する導電層と、半導体層と、ソース電極として機能する導電層と、ドレイン電極として機能する導電層と、ゲート絶縁層として機能する絶縁層と、を有する。
トランジスタのゲート、ソース及びドレインのほか、表示装置を構成する各種配線及び電極などの導電層に用いることのできる材料としては、アルミニウム、チタン、クロム、ニッケル、銅、イットリウム、ジルコニウム、モリブデン、銀、タンタル、またはタングステンなどの金属、またはこれを主成分とする合金などが挙げられる。またこれらの材料を含む膜を単層で、または積層構造として用いることができる。例えば、シリコンを含むアルミニウム膜の単層構造、チタン膜上にアルミニウム膜を積層する二層構造、タングステン膜上にアルミニウム膜を積層する二層構造、銅−マグネシウム−アルミニウム合金膜上に銅膜を積層する二層構造、チタン膜上に銅膜を積層する二層構造、タングステン膜上に銅膜を積層する二層構造、チタン膜または窒化チタン膜と、その上に重ねてアルミニウム膜または銅膜を積層し、さらにその上にチタン膜または窒化チタン膜を形成する三層構造、モリブデン膜または窒化モリブデン膜と、その上に重ねてアルミニウム膜または銅膜を積層し、さらにその上にモリブデン膜または窒化モリブデン膜を形成する三層構造等がある。なお、酸化インジウム、酸化錫または酸化亜鉛等の酸化物を用いてもよい。また、マンガンを含む銅を用いると、エッチングによる形状の制御性が高まるため好ましい。
各絶縁層に用いることのできる絶縁材料としては、例えば、アクリル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂などの樹脂、シリコーンなどのシロキサン結合を有する樹脂の他、酸化シリコン、酸化窒化シリコン、窒化酸化シリコン、窒化シリコン、酸化アルミニウムなどの無機絶縁材料を用いることもできる。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置に用いることができる発光素子について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の電子機器について説明する。
Claims (8)
- 第1の絶縁層と、
前記第1の絶縁層上の、第1の発光素子および第2の発光素子と、
第2の絶縁層と、
第3の絶縁層と、
樹脂層と、
を有し、
前記第1の発光素子は、第1の画素電極と、第1の有機層と、共通電極と、を有し、
前記第2の発光素子は、第2の画素電極と、第2の有機層と、前記共通電極と、を有し、
前記第1の発光素子と、前記第2の発光素子とは、異なる色の光を呈し、
前記第1の絶縁層は溝を有し、
前記溝は、前記第1の画素電極と重なる領域と、前記第2の画素電極と重なる領域と、前記第1の画素電極および前記第2の画素電極と重ならない領域と、を有し、
前記第2の絶縁層は、前記第1の有機層の上面の少なくとも一部と接する領域、前記第1の有機層の側面と接する領域、および、前記第1の画素電極の下方において前記第1の絶縁層と接する領域を有し、
前記第3の絶縁層は、前記第2の有機層の上面の少なくとも一部と接する領域、前記第2の有機層の側面と接する領域、および、前記第2の画素電極の下方において前記第1の絶縁層と接する領域を有し、
前記樹脂層は、前記第1の有機層と前記第2の有機層との間に位置する部分において、前記第1の絶縁層と接する領域を有し、
前記共通電極は、前記樹脂層の上面を覆って設けられている、
表示装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記第1の画素電極の端部と前記第2の画素電極の端部との最短距離は、前記第1の有機層の膜厚の2倍以上である、
表示装置。 - 請求項1または請求項2において、
前記溝は、断面視において、下に凸の円弧状の形状を有する、
表示装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか一項において、
前記第2の絶縁層、および前記第3の絶縁層のそれぞれは、アルミニウムと、酸素と、を有する、
表示装置。 - 第1の画素電極、第1の有機層、および共通電極を含む第1の発光素子と、第2の画素電極、第2の有機層、および前記共通電極を含む第2の発光素子と、を有し、前記第1の発光素子と、前記第2の発光素子とは、異なる色の光を呈する表示装置の作製方法であって、
第1の絶縁層上に、前記第1の画素電極および前記第2の画素電極を形成し、
等方性のエッチング法を用いて、前記第1の絶縁層に、前記第1の画素電極と重なる領域と、前記第2の画素電極と重なる領域と、前記第1の画素電極及び前記第2の画素電極と重ならない領域と、を有する溝を形成し、
前記第1の画素電極上、及び前記第1の絶縁層上に、第1の発光性の化合物を含む膜を成膜することで、前記第1の画素電極上に前記第1の有機層が形成され、
前記第1の有機層上に、第2の絶縁層を形成し、
前記第2の画素電極上、及び前記第1の絶縁層上に、第2の発光性の化合物を含む膜を成膜することで、前記第2の画素電極上に前記第2の有機層が形成され、
前記第2の有機層上に、第3の絶縁層を形成し、
前記第1の絶縁層上、前記第2の絶縁層上、および前記第3の絶縁層上に、樹脂層を形成し、
前記樹脂層の一部、前記第2の絶縁層の一部、及び前記第3の絶縁層の一部を除去することで、前記樹脂層および前記第2の絶縁層に、前記第1の有機層に達する第1の開口部を形成し、かつ、前記樹脂層および前記第3の絶縁層に、前記第2の有機層に達する第2の開口部を形成し、
前記第1の開口部を介して第1の有機層と重畳し、かつ、前記第2の開口部を介して第2の有機層と重畳するように、前記共通電極を形成する、
表示装置の作製方法。 - 第1の画素電極、第1の有機層、および共通電極を含む第1の発光素子と、第2の画素電極、第2の有機層、および前記共通電極を含む第2の発光素子と、を有し、前記第1の発光素子と、前記第2の発光素子とは、異なる色の光を呈する表示装置の作製方法であって、
第1の絶縁層上に、前記第1の画素電極および前記第2の画素電極を形成し、
等方性のエッチング法を用いて、前記第1の絶縁層に、前記第1の画素電極と重なる領域と、前記第2の画素電極と重なる領域と、前記第1の画素電極及び前記第2の画素電極と重ならない領域と、を有する溝を形成し、
前記溝の一部、および前記第2の画素電極と重なる部分に、第1のレジストマスクを形成し、
前記第1の画素電極上、前記第1の絶縁層上、および前記第1のレジストマスク上に、第1の発光性の化合物を含む膜を成膜することで、前記第1の画素電極上に前記第1の有機層が形成され、かつ、前記第1のレジストマスク上に第1の層が形成され、
前記第1の有機層上に、第2の絶縁層を形成し、
前記第1のレジストマスクと、前記第1の層と、を除去し、
前記第2の絶縁層上に第2のレジストマスクを形成し、
前記第2の画素電極上、前記第1の絶縁層上、および前記第2のレジストマスク上に、第2の発光性の化合物を含む膜を成膜することで、前記第2の画素電極上に前記第2の有機層が形成され、かつ、前記第2のレジストマスク上に第2の層が形成され、
前記第2の有機層上に、第3の絶縁層を形成し、
前記第2のレジストマスクと、前記第2の層と、を除去し、
前記第1の絶縁層上、前記第2の絶縁層上、および前記第3の絶縁層上に、樹脂層を形成し、
前記樹脂層の一部、前記第2の絶縁層の一部、及び前記第3の絶縁層の一部を除去することで、前記樹脂層および前記第2の絶縁層に、前記第1の有機層に達する第1の開口部を形成し、かつ、前記樹脂層および前記第3の絶縁層に、前記第2の有機層に達する第2の開口部を形成し、
前記第1の開口部を介して第1の有機層と重畳し、かつ、前記第2の開口部を介して第2の有機層と重畳するように、前記共通電極を形成する、
表示装置の作製方法。 - 請求項5または請求項6において、
前記第1の絶縁層は、無機材料を有する絶縁層であり、
前記溝の形成には、ウェットエッチング処理を用いる、
表示装置の作製方法。 - 請求項5乃至請求項7のいずれか一項において、
前記第2の絶縁層、および前記第3の絶縁層は、それぞれALD法によって形成される、
表示装置の作製方法。
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| JP2023555864A JPWO2023073473A1 (ja) | 2021-10-27 | 2022-10-13 | |
| CN202280072089.5A CN118176845A (zh) | 2021-10-27 | 2022-10-13 | 显示装置及显示装置的制造方法 |
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- 2022-10-13 WO PCT/IB2022/059800 patent/WO2023073473A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2022-10-13 US US18/702,404 patent/US20240423026A1/en active Pending
- 2022-10-13 KR KR1020247016362A patent/KR20240093745A/ko active Pending
- 2022-10-13 CN CN202280072089.5A patent/CN118176845A/zh active Pending
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| JP2008108482A (ja) * | 2006-10-24 | 2008-05-08 | Canon Inc | 有機el表示装置 |
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| US20240423026A1 (en) | 2024-12-19 |
| CN118176845A (zh) | 2024-06-11 |
| JPWO2023073473A1 (ja) | 2023-05-04 |
| KR20240093745A (ko) | 2024-06-24 |
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