WO2023071056A1 - 一种加热装置、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

一种加热装置、电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023071056A1
WO2023071056A1 PCT/CN2022/085249 CN2022085249W WO2023071056A1 WO 2023071056 A1 WO2023071056 A1 WO 2023071056A1 CN 2022085249 W CN2022085249 W CN 2022085249W WO 2023071056 A1 WO2023071056 A1 WO 2023071056A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
heat
heating device
heat conduction
heating
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PCT/CN2022/085249
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李兴星
陈智明
黄小腾
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023071056A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023071056A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H01M10/6571—Resistive heaters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a heating device, a battery and an electrical device.
  • the battery is the main energy storage device of the electric vehicle.
  • the chemical activity of the battery is low, and the performance of the system or equipment powered by the battery is reduced. It is necessary to ensure that the ambient temperature of the battery can be within the normal use range. Keeping the chemical activity of the battery in a normal state is beneficial to improve battery life and vehicle performance.
  • a heating device is installed on the outside of the battery, and the heating device is used to transfer heat to the battery to maintain the required working temperature and chemical activity of the battery. When the bonding performance between the heating device and the battery is poor, the heating device will heat the battery. Less effective and unable to heat the battery up to the normal temperature range.
  • the application provides a heating device, a battery and an electrical device.
  • the heat transfer part of the heating device in contact with the battery adopts a flexible design. When the battery ages and deforms, the heat transfer part can deform with the deformation of the battery to keep the heat transfer interface effective.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides a heating device.
  • the heating device includes a heat conduction element and a heating element.
  • the heat conduction element is used to be installed in the box of the battery. Material, at least part of the heating element protrudes into the accommodating cavity and can be in contact with the heat-conducting medium.
  • the heat generated by the heating element can be transferred to the accommodating cavity through the heat-conducting medium, and the heat can be transferred to the outside through the heat-conducting element.
  • the side wall of the housing chamber is made of flexible material, when the battery cell inside the battery ages and becomes bulging, the heat-conducting member with the flexible housing chamber also deforms along with the deformation of the battery cell, and the heat-conducting member and the battery cell maintain good and effective heat transfer
  • the area allows the heating element to transmit heat to the battery cell through the heat conduction element, ensuring that the temperature of the battery cell is at a normal working temperature, and the chemical activity of the battery cell is in a normal working state, thereby meeting the user's demand for battery power.
  • the accommodating chamber includes a first inner chamber and a second inner chamber that communicate with each other, the first inner chamber is located below the second inner chamber, and at least part of the heating element extends into the first inner chamber. Since the heat generated by the heating element will reduce the density of the heat transfer medium in the nearby area and flow upward, when at least part of the heating element extends into the first inner cavity below the second inner cavity, the heat will be conducted from bottom to top To the top of the second inner cavity, after the heat transfer medium transfers heat to the battery cells, the temperature of the heat transfer medium decreases and the density of the heat transfer medium increases, the heat transfer medium will flow down and approach the heating element to regain energy , so as to form a good heat transfer cycle, so that the accommodation cavity has enough heat from bottom to top, and transfers to the battery cells, so as to ensure that the temperature of the battery cells is within the normal range, and that the chemical activity of the battery cells is in a normal working state , to meet the user's demand for battery power.
  • the first inner cavity has a linear structure, and the heating element runs through the first inner cavity.
  • the first inner cavity has a linear structure, and correspondingly, the heating element is also a linear structure, and the heating element heats the heat-conducting medium in the vicinity of the first inner cavity.
  • the second inner chamber includes a plurality of sub-chambers arranged at intervals, and each sub-chamber communicates with the first inner chamber. Since the second inner cavity includes a plurality of sub-cavities arranged at intervals and connected with the first inner cavity, the heat of the first inner cavity can be evenly transferred through the sub-cavities, so that the heat conducting member can evenly transfer heat to the battery cells, so that The battery cell can increase the temperature evenly to ensure that the chemical activity inside the battery cell can be uniformly in a normal working state, so as to meet the user's demand for battery power.
  • each sub-cavity When each sub-cavity is arranged at intervals along the length direction of the heating device, that is, each sub-cavity can directly communicate with the first inner cavity, the flow and circulation of the heat-conducting medium between the first inner cavity and the sub-cavity will be promoted, and the flow to the battery cell will be further improved. Efficiency in transferring heat.
  • the second inner chamber is a zigzag structure or an S-shaped structure, which aims to make full use of the area of the heat conduction member, increase the heat transfer area and heat transfer efficiency of the second inner chamber to the battery cells, and thereby improve The temperature and chemical activity of the battery cells meet the user's demand for battery power.
  • the heat conduction member includes a mounting part and a heat conduction part, the heat conduction part is provided with an accommodation cavity, and the heat conduction part is made of a flexible material.
  • the heat conduction part is connected with the battery cell and other structures of the battery through the mounting part, so that the heat conduction part can be in stable contact with the battery cell. Since the heat conduction part is made of flexible material and has the ability to deform, when the battery cell is aging and deformed , the heat conduction part can also be deformed with the deformation of the battery cell to maintain an effective heat transfer area, so that the temperature of the battery cell can be within the normal operating range, and the chemical activity of the battery cell can be in a normal working state, satisfying the user's requirements for the battery electricity needs.
  • the installation part is made of a rigid material, and is provided with a first connection hole, and the first connection hole is used for installing the heat conducting element in the box. Since the mounting part is made of rigid material, the heat conduction element can be stably connected to the box body through the first connection hole, preventing mutual movement between the heat conduction element and the battery cell, reducing the risk of wear of the heat conduction part, and improving the service life of the heat conduction element.
  • the heat-conducting element and/or the heat-conducting medium are insulators, which can reduce the risk of breakdown of the heating device and battery cells due to electric leakage of the heating element.
  • the heating element includes a heating part and an electrical connection end, the heating part is located in the accommodating cavity, and the electrical connection end is located at both ends of the heat conduction element.
  • the heating element is divided into an electrical connection terminal for transmitting current and a heating part for generating heat, so that the heating part can obtain external electric energy from the heat conducting part, and make the heating part only use electric energy to generate heat in the accommodating cavity, which not only prevents electric leakage accidents,
  • the heat can be quickly transferred to the battery cells through the heat-conducting medium in the accommodating cavity, thereby reducing heat loss.
  • the heating device further includes a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor is arranged on the outer surface of the heat conducting element.
  • the heating power of the heating element can be adjusted according to the measured temperature, preventing the heat-conducting medium from overheating so that the internal pressure of the containing cavity exceeds the strength limit of the containing cavity, reducing the risk of the heat-conducting medium leaking from the containing cavity, and improving the heating device. service life.
  • the second aspect of the present application provides a battery.
  • the battery includes a battery cell and a heating device.
  • the heating device is the heating device mentioned above, and the effect is as described above.
  • the battery further includes a box, the battery cells are located in the box, the battery also includes a mounting plate located in the box, and the mounting plate is located on the outside of each battery cell, and there is a gap between adjacent battery cells.
  • a heating device the heating device is connected to the casing of the battery cell, and/or, there is a heating device between the mounting plate and the outermost battery cell, the heating device is connected to the mounting plate and the casing of the outermost battery cell connect.
  • the third aspect of the present application provides an electric device, the electric device includes the above-mentioned battery, and the effect is as described above.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of electric heater in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of some embodiments of the electrical device provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the battery provided by the present application in some embodiments.
  • Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of removing the first part of the battery box in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the heating device and the mounting plate in Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is a partially enlarged view of part A in Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the heating device provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of another viewing angle of Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 9 is a side view of Fig. 8.
  • Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view along the B direction of Fig. 8;
  • FIG. 11 is a partially enlarged view of part C in FIG. 10 .
  • connection In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms “installation”, “connection”, “connection” and “attachment” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be internal communication between two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application according to specific situations.
  • Multiple appearing in this application refers to more than two (including two), similarly, “multiple groups” refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and “multi-piece” refers to more than two (Includes two pieces).
  • a heating sheet 100 as shown in FIG. 1 can be installed inside the battery, and the heating element 101 can be pasted on the battery with glue.
  • the electric heater 100 is composed of a heating element 101 and a cable 102.
  • the cable 102 is at least partly inserted into the heating element 101.
  • the heating element 101 After the cable 102 transmits current to the heating element 101, the heating element 101 generates heat and transmits heat to the battery to keep the battery in normal condition. Operating temperature, thereby improving the chemical activity of the battery and meeting the performance required by the user for the vehicle.
  • the heating element 101 is limited by its own structural strength and cannot follow the deformation of the battery. Degumming occurs, resulting in failure of the heat transfer interface. It is difficult to maintain The normal operating temperature of the battery, the chemical activity of the battery is low, and the discharge performance of the battery is limited, which in turn limits the vehicle performance.
  • the inventor designed a heating device after in-depth research.
  • the heat transfer part is made of flexible material.
  • the heating device will deform along with the deformation of the battery to maintain an effective heat transfer interface, so that the battery can maintain normal operating temperature in a cold environment, thereby improving the chemical properties of the battery.
  • the activity and discharge performance meet the performance required by the user for the vehicle.
  • the heating device disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used, but not limited to, in electric devices such as vehicles, ships or aircrafts.
  • the power supply system or equipment comprising the electric device such as the heating device and battery disclosed in this application can be used, which is conducive to improving the chemical activity of energy storage devices such as batteries, and improving the working performance and service life of energy storage devices such as batteries.
  • the present application provides an electric device using a battery as a power source, which may be, but not limited to, mobile phones, tablets, notebook computers, electric toys, electric tools, battery cars, electric vehicles, ships, spacecraft, and the like.
  • electric toys may include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft may include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • the following embodiments take the vehicle 1000 as an example for illustration.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1000 is provided with a battery 200 , and the battery 200 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 200 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 200 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may further include a controller 300 and a motor 400 , the controller 300 is used to control the battery 200 to supply power to the motor 400 , for example, for starting, navigating, and working power requirements of the vehicle 1000 during driving.
  • the battery 200 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 instead of or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas.
  • FIGS. 2-4 are schematic structural diagrams of a battery 200 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 200 includes a box body 23 , a battery cell 21 and a heating device 1 , the battery cell 21 is accommodated in the box body 23 , and the heating device 1 is installed in the box body 23 .
  • the box body 23 is used to provide accommodating space for the battery cells 21 , and the box body 23 can adopt various structures.
  • the box body 23 may include a first part 231 and a second part 232, the first part 231 and the second part 232 cover each other, the first part 231 and the second part 232 jointly define a of accommodation space.
  • the first part 231 can be a hollow structure with one end open
  • the second part 232 can be a plate-like structure
  • the first part 231 covers the opening side of the second part 232, so that the first part 231 and the second part 232 jointly define an accommodation space
  • the first part 231 and the second part 232 can also be hollow structures with one side opening, and the opening side of the first part 231 covers the opening side of the second part 232 .
  • the box body 23 formed by the first part 231 and the second part 232 can be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid and the like.
  • the battery 200 there may be multiple battery cells 21 , and the multiple battery cells 21 may be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel.
  • the mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 21 are connected in series and in parallel.
  • a plurality of battery cells 21 can be directly connected in series, in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of a plurality of battery cells 21 is accommodated in the box 23; of course, the battery 200 can also be a plurality of battery cells 21
  • the battery modules are firstly connected in series or parallel or in combination, and then multiple battery modules are connected in series or in parallel or in combination to form a whole, which is accommodated in the box 23 .
  • the battery cell 21 may include a lithium-ion secondary battery, a lithium-ion primary battery, a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-lithium-ion battery, a sodium-ion battery, or a magnesium-ion battery, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell 21 may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cells 21 are generally divided into three types according to the way of packaging: cylindrical battery cells 21 , square battery cells 21 and pouch battery cells 21 , which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell 21 includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly is composed of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator.
  • the battery cell 21 mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the current collector without the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the current collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer serves as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive pole tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative pole tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the diaphragm can be PP or PE, etc.
  • the electrode assembly may be a wound structure or a laminated structure, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 200 also includes a heating device 1. There may be one or more heating devices 1.
  • the heating device 1 may be installed on the outer wall of the battery cell 21 for transferring heat to the battery cell 21 to keep the temperature of the battery cell 21 at a normal temperature. The working range is improved, the chemical activity of the battery cell 21 is improved, the user's demand for the battery 200 is met, and the electric device installed with the battery 200 can work normally.
  • the installation method of the heating device 1 may be connected by connecting parts such as rivets, threads or buckles, but is not limited thereto.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a heating device 1, the heating device 1 includes a heat conduction element 11 and a heating element 12, the heat conduction element 11 is used to be installed in the box body 23 of the battery 200, conducts heat
  • the element 11 has a cavity 113 for accommodating the heat-conducting medium 13 .
  • the sidewall of the cavity 113 is made of flexible material. At least part of the heating element 12 protrudes into the cavity 113 and can be in contact with the heat-conducting medium 13 .
  • the heating element 12 and the heat conduction element 11 are components used to generate heat and conduct heat in the heating device 1 respectively, wherein the heat conduction element 11 is installed on and contacts the battery cell 21;
  • a closed cavity, the accommodating cavity 113 is used to accommodate a medium that can conduct heat, that is, a heat-conducting medium 13, and the heat-conducting medium 13 can be a medium such as a gas, liquid, aerosol or elastic solid with high thermal conductivity.
  • the medium 13 can deform or flow, and when the accommodation cavity 113 of the flexible side wall is deformed, a space for deformation or flow is provided for the heat-conducting medium 13, and the heat-conducting medium 13 can deform or flow.
  • the heat conduction medium 13 is described as a liquid.
  • the heating element 12 When the heating element 12 at least partly protrudes into the cavity 113 and contacts the heat conducting medium 13 , the heat generated by the heating element 12 can be transferred to the containing cavity 113 through the heat conducting medium 13 , and the heat can be transferred to the outside through the heat conducting element 11 .
  • the side wall of the accommodation cavity 113 is made of flexible material, when the battery cell 21 inside the battery 200 is aged and deformed, the heat conduction member 11 with the flexible accommodation chamber 113 is also deformed along with the deformation of the battery cell 21, and the heat conduction member 11 and the battery cell
  • the body 21 maintains a good and effective heat transfer area, so that the heating element 12 transmits heat to the battery cell 21 through the heat conduction element 11, ensuring that the temperature of the battery cell 21 is at a normal working temperature, and the chemical activity of the battery cell 21 is in a normal working state , so as to meet the power demand of the user for the battery 200 .
  • the accommodating cavity 113 includes a first inner cavity 1131 and a second inner cavity 1132 connected, the first inner cavity 1131 and the second inner cavity 1132 are connected, and the first inner cavity 1131 is located in the second inner cavity. Below the inner cavity 1132 , at least part of the heating element 12 protrudes into the first inner cavity 1131 .
  • the accommodating chamber 113 is divided into two interconnected parts, that is, the first inner chamber 1131 and the second inner chamber 1132 , both of which accommodate the heat-conducting medium 13 .
  • the heat generated by the heating element 12 will reduce the density of the heat-conducting medium 13 in the vicinity and flow upward, when at least part of the heating element 12 extends into the first inner cavity 1131 below the second inner cavity 1132, the heat will It will be conducted from bottom to top to the top of the second inner cavity 1132.
  • the heat transfer medium 13 transfers heat to the battery cell 21
  • the temperature of the heat transfer medium 13 will decrease and the density will increase, and the heat transfer medium 13 will flow downward and flow to the heating element.
  • the first inner cavity 1131 is a linear structure, and the heating element 12 runs through the first inner cavity 1131 .
  • the first inner cavity 1131 is a linear structure, that is, the first inner cavity 1131 is arranged along the length direction of the heating device 1, and the heating element 12 runs through the first inner cavity 1131, that is, the heating element 12 is connected from one end of the heating device 1 It extends into the first inner cavity 1131 , contacts the heat-conducting medium 13 , then extends along the first inner cavity 1131 to the other end of the heating device 1 , and extends out of the first inner cavity 1131 .
  • the heating element 12 Since the first inner cavity 1131 has a linear structure, correspondingly, the heating element 12 also has a linear structure, and the heating element 12 heats the heat-conducting medium 13 in the vicinity of the first inner cavity 1131 .
  • This structure has the advantage of being simple and easy to manufacture.
  • the second inner chamber 1132 includes a plurality of sub-chambers arranged at intervals, and each sub-chamber communicates with the first inner chamber 1131 .
  • the second inner cavity 1132 includes a plurality of sub-cavities arranged at intervals, that is, the second inner cavity 1132 is divided into multiple parts for accommodating the heat-conducting medium 13, and the sub-cavities can be arranged at intervals along the length direction of the heating device 1 or arranged at intervals in the height direction, and communicate with the first inner cavity 1131 .
  • the second inner cavity 1132 includes a plurality of sub-cavities arranged at intervals and connected with the first inner cavity 1131, the heat of the first inner cavity 1131 can be evenly transferred through the sub-cavities, so that the heat conducting member 11 can evenly transfer heat to the battery cells. 21 transfers heat, so that the temperature of the battery cells 21 can be evenly increased, ensuring that the chemical activity inside the battery cells 21 can be evenly in a normal working state, thereby meeting the user's power demand for the battery 200 .
  • each sub-cavity When each sub-cavity is arranged at intervals along the length direction of the heating device 1, that is, each sub-cavity can directly communicate with the first inner cavity 1131, then the flow circulation of the heat-conducting medium 13 between the first inner cavity 1131 and the sub-cavity is promoted, further improving The efficiency of heat transfer to the battery cell 21 .
  • the second inner chamber 1132 can also be a zigzag structure or an S-shaped structure.
  • the second inner cavity 1132 includes a plurality of adjacent and continuous segments.
  • each segment is a linear structure perpendicular to each other.
  • the second inner cavity 1132 is In the S-shaped structure, every two segments of the linear structure are connected by a curved segment.
  • the second inner cavity 1132 is a zigzag structure or an S-shaped structure, which aims to make full use of the area of the heat conducting member 11, increase the heat transfer area and heat transfer efficiency of the second inner cavity 1132 to the battery cell 21, thereby improving the battery cell 21 temperature and chemical activity to meet the user's demand for electricity for the battery 200 .
  • the heat conduction member 11 includes a mounting portion 111 and a heat conduction portion 112 , the heat conduction portion 112 is provided with a housing cavity 113 , and the heat conduction portion 112 is made of a flexible material.
  • the mounting part 111 is a part of the heat conducting member 11 used to connect with the battery cell 21 of the battery 200 and other structures
  • the heat conducting part 112 is a part of the heat conducting member 11 used to contact the battery cell 21 and transfer heat. The position is to transfer the heat of the heat-conducting medium 13 inside the accommodating cavity 113 to the battery cell 21 .
  • the heat conduction member 11 is connected to other structures such as the battery cell 21 of the battery 200 through the mounting portion 111, so that the heat conduction portion 112 can be in stable contact with the battery cell 21. Since the heat conduction portion 112 is made of a flexible material and has deformability, it can be used in the battery When the cell 21 is aging and deformed, the heat conduction part 112 can also deform along with the deformation of the battery cell 21 to maintain an effective heat transfer area, so that the temperature of the battery cell 21 can be within the normal operating range, so that the battery cell 21 The chemical activity of the battery is in a normal working state, which meets the user's electricity demand for the battery 200 .
  • the mounting part 111 is made of rigid material, and is provided with a first connecting hole 1111 for installing the heat conducting element 11 in the box body 23 .
  • the mounting portion 111 is located around the heat conducting portion 112 , and the first connection holes 1111 are round holes symmetrically disposed on the mounting portion 111 for connecting with the battery cells 21 in the box body 23 .
  • the heat conduction element 11 can be stably connected to the box body 23 through the first connection hole 1111, preventing the heat conduction element 11 and the battery cell 21 from moving with each other, reducing the risk of wear of the heat conduction part 112, and improving the thermal conductivity of the heat conduction element. 11 service life.
  • the heat conducting element 11 and/or the heat conducting medium 13 are insulators.
  • the heat-conducting element 11 and/or the heat-conducting medium 13 are made of substances that are not good at conducting electric current, that is, insulators, wherein the heat-conducting element 11 can be made of high molecular polymer, and the heat-conducting medium 13 can be silicone oil, fluorinated Liquid and other liquids.
  • the heat conduction element 11 and/or the heat conduction medium 13 are insulators, the risk of breakdown of the heating device 1 and battery cells 21 due to electric leakage of the heating element 12 can be reduced.
  • the heating element 12 includes a heating portion 121 and an electrical connection end 122 , the heating portion 121 is located in the accommodating cavity 113 , and the electrical connection end 122 is located at both ends of the heat conduction element 11 .
  • the part of the heating element 12 outside the heat conducting element 11 is the electrical connection end 122
  • the part of the heating element 12 inside the heat conducting element 11 is the heating part 121 .
  • the electrical connection end 122 is connected to a device that provides electric energy, and transmits current to the heating element 12 to make the heating element 12 generate heat.
  • the electrical connection end 122 may be an electrical connection port or a combination of an electrical connection port and a cable.
  • the heating element 12 is in contact with the heat-conducting medium 13 inside the accommodating cavity 113 , and transfers heat to the heat-conducting medium 13 .
  • the mounting part 111 provides a corresponding sealing interface for the heating element 12 to extend from the outside of the heat conducting element 11 into the accommodating cavity 113 to prevent the heat conducting medium 13 from leaking.
  • the heating element 12 is divided into an electrical connection terminal 122 for transmitting current and a heating part 121 for generating heat, so that the heating part 121 can obtain external electric energy from the heat conducting element 11, and the heating part 121 can only use electric energy to generate heat in the accommodating cavity 113
  • the heat not only prevents electric leakage accidents, but also allows the heat to be quickly transferred to the battery cells 21 through the heat-conducting medium 13 in the accommodating cavity 113 to reduce heat loss.
  • the heating device 1 may further include a temperature sensor (not shown in the figure), and the temperature sensor is arranged on the outer surface of the heat conducting element 11 .
  • the temperature sensor can be installed on the outer surface of the heat conduction element 11 by pasting or connecting, and the temperature of the heat conduction medium 13 can be indirectly measured by measuring the temperature of the outer surface of the heat conduction element 11, or the measuring probe of the temperature sensor can be It extends into the accommodation cavity 113 of the heat conducting element 11 to directly measure the temperature of the heat conducting medium 13 .
  • the heating power of the heating element 12 can be adjusted according to the measured temperature, preventing the heat conduction medium 13 from overheating so that the internal pressure of the accommodation chamber 113 exceeds the strength limit of the accommodation chamber 113, and reducing the leakage of the heat conduction medium 13 from the accommodation chamber 113 risk and increase the service life of the heating device 1 .
  • the present application also provides a battery 200, please refer to FIG. 3-4.
  • the battery 200 includes a battery cell 21 and the heating device 1 in the above embodiment. Let me repeat.
  • the battery 200 also includes a box body 23, the battery cell 21 is located in the box body 23, the battery 200 also includes a mounting plate 24 located in the box body 23, and the mounting plate 24 is located in the box body 23.
  • the battery 200 includes a plurality of battery cells 21 arranged at intervals along the second direction Y, and a heating device 1 is arranged between every two battery cells 21 .
  • the battery cell 21 is provided with a casing 22 outside, and the casing 22 has a second connection hole 221, and the second connection hole 221 can be connected to the first connection hole 1111 of the mounting part 111 in the heating device 1 through a rivet connection or a detachable connection.
  • the heating device 1 is installed on the side wall of the battery cell 21 . Wherein, the distance between the battery cells 21 is smaller than the thickness of the heating device 1 in a natural state, so that the heating device 1 can be closely attached to the battery cells 21 on both sides.
  • a mounting plate 24 is provided on the side of the heating device 1 close to the box body 23.
  • the mounting plate 24 has a third connection hole 241, through which the rivet
  • the first connection hole 1111, the second connection hole 221 and the third connection hole 241 are connected together by connection or detachable connection, so as to ensure that the heating device 1 on the outermost sides of the battery 200 can also be closely attached to the batteries on the outermost sides.
  • the flexible heating device 1 can also deform along with the deformation of the battery cell 21, and the heating device 1 and the battery cell 21 maintain an effective heat transfer area, so that the battery cell The temperature of the body 21 is in the normal working range, thereby improving the chemical activity of the battery cell 21 to be in a normal state, and meeting the electricity demand of the user.
  • the present application also provides an electric device, which includes the battery 200 in the above embodiment.
  • the electric device may be any of the aforementioned devices or systems using the battery 200 .
  • the heating device 1 is installed on the side wall of the battery cell 21, specifically, the first connection hole 1111 of the mounting part 111 on the heat conducting member 11 is connected to the battery cell by using a rivet.
  • the second connecting holes 221 of the housing 22 of the body 21 are connected together, so that the heat conducting portion 112 of the heat conducting member 11 is in contact with the side wall of the battery cell 21 .
  • the heat conduction part 112 is made of flexible material, the heat conduction part 112 can be deformed with the aging and deformation of the battery cell 21, and the heat conduction part 112 and the battery cell 21 maintain an effective heat transfer interface, reducing the risk of heat loss, so that the battery cell 21
  • the normal working temperature can also be maintained in a cold environment, so that the chemical activity of the battery cell 21 is in a normal state, and the user's requirement for the battery 200 can be met.
  • the heat conduction part 112 is provided with a housing chamber 113 inside, which is used to accommodate a heat conduction medium 13 with insulating properties such as silicone oil or fluorinated liquid, and the heat conduction medium 13 is used to convert the heating element 12
  • the heat is evenly distributed on the heat conduction part 112, so that the heat is more evenly transferred to the battery cells 21, so that the temperature and chemical activity of the battery cells 21 in a cold environment can be evenly increased to meet the user's use requirements for the battery 200 .
  • the accommodating chamber 113 is divided into a first inner chamber 1131 and a second inner chamber 1132 from bottom to top along the height direction, and the heating element 12 penetrates through the first inner chamber 1131 and contacts with the heat-conducting medium 13 .
  • the temperature of the liquid heat-conducting medium 13 increases and its density decreases, and it flows upwards to the top of the second inner cavity 1132, and transfers heat to the battery cells 21, and then the temperature of the heat-conducting medium 13 decreases and its density decreases , from the second inner cavity 1132 back to the first inner cavity 1131 , and then heated by the heating element 12 , thereby forming a heat transfer cycle from the heating element 12 to the battery cell 21 .
  • a heating device 1 is provided between two adjacent battery cells 21, And the width between two adjacent battery cells 21 is smaller than the thickness of the heating device 1; for the heating device 1 near the box body 23, by adding the mounting plate 24, the flexible heat conduction part 112 is placed between the battery cells 21.
  • the heat conduction part 112 Under the condition of deformation or deformation, the heat conduction part 112 always maintains a sufficient heat transfer area with the battery cell 21 , so that the battery cell 21 can increase the temperature and chemical activity in a cold environment, and meet the user's power demand for the battery 200 .
  • the heat-conducting element 11 and the heat-conducting medium 13 are made of insulating material, which can reduce the risk of the heating element 12 breaking down the battery cells 21 under the condition of electrification.
  • the temperature sensor (not shown) on the outer surface of the heat conduction element 11 is used to detect the temperature of the heat conduction medium 13, adjust the heating power of the heating element 12 in time, control the temperature of the heat conduction medium 13, and prevent the inside of the accommodating cavity 113 from The pressure is too large to exceed the strength limit of the accommodation chamber 113, reducing the risk of the heat transfer medium 13 leaking from the accommodation chamber 113, and improving the service life of the heating device 1.

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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请涉及一种加热装置、电池及用电装置。加热装置包括导热件和加热件，导热件用于安装于电池的箱体内，导热件具有用于容纳导热介质的容纳腔，容纳腔的侧壁为柔性材质，加热件的至少部分伸入容纳腔内，并能够与导热介质接触。加热件伸入容纳腔内并与导热介质接触时，加热件所产生的热量可通过导热介质传递至容纳腔，并通过导热件向外部传递热量。由于容纳腔的侧壁为柔性材质，当电池内部电池单体老化形变鼓包时，具有柔性容纳腔的导热件也随着电池单体形变而形变，导热件和电池单体保持良好有效的传热面积，使得加热件通过导热件向电池单体传输热量，保证电池单体的温度和化学活性处于正常的工作范围，满足用户对电池的用电需求。

Description

一种加热装置、电池及用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2021年10月29日提交的名称为“一种加热装置、电池及用电装置”的中国专利申请202122622276.1的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种加热装置、电池及用电装置。
背景技术
电池是电动汽车的主要存储能量装置，在天气寒冷环境中，电池的化学活性较低，车辆以电池为动力来源的系统或设备的性能降低，需要保证电池的环境温度能够在正常使用范围内，使电池的化学活性处于正常状态，有利于提升电池使用寿命和车辆性能。现有技术中，在电池外侧设置加热装置，利用加热装置向电池传输热量，保持电池所需的工作温度及化学活性，加热装置与电池的贴合性能较差时，导致加热装置对电池的加热效果较差，无法将电池加热到正常的温度范围内。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种加热装置、电池及用电装置，加热装置与电池接触的导热部采用柔性化设计，当电池老化形变时，导热部能够随电池形变而形变，保持传热界面有效。
本申请第一方面提供一种加热装置，加热装置包括导热件和加热件，导热件用于安装于电池的箱体内，导热件具有用于容纳导热介质的容纳腔，容纳腔的侧壁为柔性材质，加热件的至少部分伸入容纳腔内，并能够与导热介质接触。当加热件至少部分伸入容纳腔内并与导热介质接触时，加热件所产生的热量可通过导热介质传递至容纳腔，并通过导热件向外部传递热量。由于容纳腔的侧壁为柔性材质，当电池内部电池单体老化形变鼓包时，具有柔性容纳腔的导热件也随着电池单体形变而形变，导热件和电池单体保持良好有效的传热面积，使得加热件通过导热件向电池单体传输热量，保证电池单体的温度处于正常的工作温度，电池单体的化学活性处于正常工作状态，从而满足用户对电池的用电需求。
在一种可能的设计中，容纳腔包括相连通的第一内腔和第二内腔，第一内腔位于第二内腔的下方，加热件的至少部分伸入第一内腔。由于加热件所产生的热量会使附近区域的导热介质的密度减小而向上流动，当加热件的至少部分伸入位于第二内腔的下方的第一内腔时，热量会由下向上传导至第二内腔的顶端，当导热介质向电池单体传递完热量后，导热介质的温度减小的导热介质并且的密度增大，导热介质会向下流动并向加热件靠近，重新获取能量，从而形成良好的传热循环，使容纳腔自下而上都具有足够的热量，向电池单体传递，保证电池单体的温度处于正常范围内，保证电池单体的化学活性处于正常工作状态，满足用户对电池的用电需求。
在一种可能的设计中，第一内腔为直线型结构，且加热件贯穿第一内腔。第一内腔为直线型结构，相应地，加热件也为直线型结构，加热件在第一内腔内加热附近区域的导热介质，该结构具有简单易制作的优点。
在一种可能的设计中，第二内腔包括多个间隔设置的分腔，各分腔均与第一内腔连通。由于第二内腔包括多个间隔设置且与第一内腔贯通的 分腔，使得第一内腔的热量能够通过分腔均匀地传递，使得导热件能够均匀地向电池单体传递热量，使电池单体能够均匀地提高温度，保证电池单体内部的化学活性能够均匀地处于正常工作状态，从而满足用户对电池的用电需求。当各个分腔沿着加热装置长度方向间隔设置，即各个分腔能够直接与第一内腔贯通，则促进导热介质在第一内腔和分腔之间的流动循环，进一步提升向电池单体传递热量的效率。
在一种可能的设计中，第二内腔为折线型结构或S型结构，旨在充分利用导热件的面积，增加第二内腔向电池单体传热的面积及传热效率，从而提升电池单体的温度及化学活性，满足用户对电池的用电需求。
在一种可能的设计中，导热件包括安装部和导热部，导热部设置有容纳腔，导热部为柔性材质。导热件通过安装部与电池的电池单体等其他结构连接，使得导热部能够与电池单体稳定地接触，由于导热部为柔性材质，具有可变形能力，因此在电池单体老化形变的情况下，导热部也能够随着电池单体形变而形变，保持有效的传热面积，使得电池单体的温度能够处于正常工作范围内，使电池单体的化学活性处于正常工作状态，满足用户对电池的用电需要。
在一种可能的设计中，安装部为刚性材质，且设置有第一连接孔，第一连接孔用于将导热件安装于箱体内。由于安装部为刚性材质，使得导热件能够通过第一连接孔与箱体稳定的连接，防止导热件与电池单体相互运动，降低导热部磨损的风险，提高导热件的使用寿命。
在一种可能的设计中，导热件和/或导热介质为绝缘体，能够降低加热件漏电导致击穿加热装置和电池单体的风险。
在一种可能的设计中，加热件包括加热部和电连接端，加热部位于容纳腔内，电连接端位于导热件的两端。将加热件分为用于传递电流的电连接端和产生热量的加热部，使得加热部能够从导热件获取外部电能，并 使得加热部仅在容纳腔内利用电能产生热量，既防止漏电事故，又使得热量能在容纳腔内经导热介质快速传递至电池单体，减少热量损耗。
在一种可能的设计中，加热装置还包括温度感应器，温度感应器设置于导热件的外表面。通过测量导热介质的温度，根据测得的温度能够调整加热件的加热功率，防止导热介质过热使得容纳腔内部压力超出容纳腔的强度极限，降低导热介质从容纳腔泄露的风险，提高加热装置的使用寿命。
本申请第二方面提供一种电池，电池包括电池单体和加热装置，加热装置为上述内容中加热装置，效果如上所述。
在一种可能的设计中，电池还包括箱体，电池单体位于箱体内，电池还包括位于箱体内的安装板，且安装板位于各电池单体的外侧，相邻电池单体之间具有加热装置，加热装置与电池单体的壳体连接，和/或，安装板和位于最外侧的电池单体之间具有加热装置，加热装置与安装板和位于最外侧的电池单体的壳体连接。通过该安装设置，当电池单体老化形变时，具有柔性的加热装置也能随着电池单体形变而形变，加热装置与电池单体保持有效的传热面积，使电池单体的温度处于正常工作范围，从而提升电池单体的化学活性处于正常状态，满足用户的用电需要。
本申请第三方面提供一种用电装置，用电装置包括上述内容中的电池，效果如上所述。
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性的，并不能限制本申请。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中电热片的结构示意图；
图2为本申请所提供的用电装置在一些实施例中的结构示意图；
图3为本申请所提供的电池在一些实施例中的结构示意图；
图4为图3中电池去掉箱体第一部分的结构示意图；
图5为图4中加热装置与安装板的布局示意图；
图6为图4中A部分的局部放大图；
图7为本申请所提供的加热装置在一种具体实施例中的结构示意图；
图8为图7的另一视角的结构示意图；
图9为图8的侧视图；
图10为图8的B方向的剖视图；
图11为图10中C部分的局部放大图。
附图标记：1000-车辆；100-电热片；101-发热体；102-电缆；200-电池；21-电池单体；22-壳体；221-第二连接孔；23-箱体；231-第一部分；232-第二部分；24-安装板；241-第三连接孔；300-控制器；400-马达；1-加热装置；11-导热件；111-安装部；1111-第一连接孔；112-导热部；113-容纳腔；1131-第一内腔；1132-第二内腔；12-加热件；121-加热部；122-电连接端；13-导热介质。
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，示出了符合本申请的实施例，并与说明书一起用于解释本申请的原理。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本申请所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池作为主要存储能量装置其应用越加广泛，不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域，随着动力电池的应用领域不断扩大，对其性能要求也在不断提高。
本发明人注意到，在天气寒冷环境中电池温度不在正常工作范围内，电池化学活性较低，电池的放电性能和使用寿命有限，极大地降低车辆中依靠电池运作的系统或设备的性能，难以满足用户使用需求。为了解决寒冷环境中电池的化学活性较低的问题，申请人研究发现，可以在电池内部设置如图1所示的电热片100，利用黏胶将发热体101粘贴于电池。电热片100由发热体101和电缆102组成，电缆102至少部分伸入发热体101的内部，电缆102向发热体101传输电流后，发热体101产生热量，并向电池传输热量，使电池保持正常工作温度，从而提升电池的化学活性，满足用户对车辆所需的使用性能。但是，随着电池老化会产升鼓包或凹陷等形变问题，发热体101受限于自身结构强度，无法跟随电池形变，发生脱胶的现象，导致传热界面失效的问题，在寒冷环境中难以保持电池的正常工作温度，电池的化学活性较低，电池的放电性能受限，继而限制车辆性能。
基于以上考虑，为了解决传热界面失效问题，发明人经过深入研究，设计了一种加热装置，该加热装置采用柔性化设计，具体为将加热装置与电池的接触部位柔性化，即加热装置的传热部位利用柔性材质制成，当电池老化形变时，加热装置会随着电池形变而形变，保持有效的传热界面，使电池在寒冷环境中也能保持正常工作温度，从而提升电池的化学活性和放电性能，满足用户对车辆所需的性能。
本申请实施例公开的加热装置可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器 等用电装置中。可以使用具备本申请公开的加热装置、电池等组成该用电装置的电源系统或设备，这样，有利于提高电池等储能装置的化学活性，提升电池等储能装置的工作性能和使用寿命。
本申请提供了一种使用电池作为电源的用电装置，该用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电装置为车辆1000为例进行说明。
请参照图2所示，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池200，电池200可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池200可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池200可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器300和马达400，控制器300用来控制电池200为马达400供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池200不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2-图4所示，本申请一些实施例提供的电池200的结构示意图。电池200包括箱体23、电池单体21和加热装置1，电池单体21容纳于箱体23内，加热装置1安装于箱体23内。其中，箱体23用于为电池单体21提供容纳空间，箱体23可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱 体23可以包括第一部分231和第二部分232，第一部分231与第二部分232相互盖合，第一部分231和第二部分232共同限定出用于容纳电池单体21的容纳空间。第一部分231可以为一端开口的空心结构，第二部分232可以为板状结构，第一部分231盖合于第二部分232的开口侧，以使第一部分231与第二部分232共同限定出容纳空间；第一部分231和第二部分232也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分231的开口侧盖合于第二部分232的开口侧。当然，第一部分231和第二部分232成的箱体23可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池200中，电池单体21可以是多个，多个电池单体21之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体21中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体21之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体21构成的整体容纳于箱体23内；当然，电池200也可以是多个电池单体21先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体23内。
其中，电池单体21可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体21可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体21一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体21、方形电池单体21和软包电池单体21，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
电池单体21包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极片、负极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体21主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体作为正极极耳。 以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔膜的材质可以为PP或PE等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池200还包括加热装置1，加热装置1可以是一个或多个，加热装置1可以安装于电池单体21的外壁，用于向电池单体21传输热量，使电池单体21的温度处于正常的工作范围，提升电池单体21的化学活性，满足用户对电池200的用电需求，也使得安装有该电池200的用电装置能够正常工作。
其中，加热装置1的安装方式可以为铆钉、螺纹或卡扣等连接件连接的方式，但不局限于此。
请参照图5-图9所示，本申请实施例提供了一种加热装置1，加热装置1包括导热件11和加热件12，导热件11用于安装于电池200的箱体23内，导热件11具有用于容纳导热介质13的容纳腔113，容纳腔113的侧壁为柔性材质，加热件12的至少部分伸入容纳腔113内，并能够与导热介质13接触。
本实施例中，加热件12和导热件11分别是加热装置1中用于产生热量和传导热量的部件，其中导热件11安装并接触于电池单体21上；容纳腔113作为导热件11的一个封闭空腔，该容纳腔113用于容纳可以传导热量的介质，即导热介质13，导热介质13可以为具有较高导热性能的气 体、液体、气溶胶或者具有弹性的固体等介质，该导热介质13能够变形或流动，且当柔性侧壁的容纳腔113变形时，为导热介质13提供变形或流动的空间，导热介质13能够变形或流动。本申请实施例中以导热介质13为液体描述。
当加热件12至少部分伸入容纳腔113内并与导热介质13接触时，加热件12所产生的热量可通过导热介质13传递至容纳腔113，并通过导热件11向外部传递热量。由于容纳腔113的侧壁为柔性材质，当电池200内部电池单体21老化形变鼓包时，具有柔性容纳腔113的导热件11也随着电池单体21形变而形变，导热件11和电池单体21保持良好有效的传热面积，使得加热件12通过导热件11向电池单体21传输热量，保证电池单体21的温度处于正常的工作温度，电池单体21的化学活性处于正常工作状态，从而满足用户对电池200的用电需求。
请参照图9-图10所示，容纳腔113包括相连通的第一内腔1131和第二内腔1132，第一内腔1131和第二内腔1132贯通，第一内腔1131位于第二内腔1132的下方，加热件12的至少部分伸入第一内腔1131。
本实施例中，容纳腔113分为两个相互贯通的部分，即第一内腔1131和第二内腔1132，二者内部均容纳有导热介质13。
由于加热件12所产生的热量会使附近区域的导热介质13的密度减小而向上流动，当加热件12的至少部分伸入位于第二内腔1132的下方的第一内腔1131时，热量会由下向上传导至第二内腔1132的顶端，当导热介质13向电池单体21传递热量后，导热介质13的温度减小并且密度增大，导热介质13会向下流动并向加热件12靠近，重新获取能量，从而形成良好的传热循环，使容纳腔113自下而上都具有足够的热量，向电池单体21传递，保证电池单体21的温度处于正常范围内，保证电池单体21的化学活性处于正常工作状态，满足用户对电池200的用电需求。
请参照图9-图10所示，第一内腔1131为直线型结构，且加热件12贯穿第一内腔1131。
本实施例中，第一内腔1131为直线型结构，即第一内腔1131沿加热装置1的长度方向布设，加热件12贯穿第一内腔1131，即加热件12从加热装置1的一端伸入第一内腔1131内，与导热介质13接触，再沿第一内腔1131延伸至加热装置1的另一端，并伸出第一内腔1131。
由于第一内腔1131为直线型结构，相应地，加热件12也为直线型结构，加热件12在第一内腔1131内加热附近区域的导热介质13，该结构具有简单易制作的优点。
请参照图9-图10所示，第二内腔1132包括多个间隔设置的分腔，各分腔均与第一内腔1131连通。
本实施例中，第二内腔1132包含多个间隔设置的分腔，即第二内腔1132分为多个部分用于容纳导热介质13，分腔可以沿着加热装置1的长度方向间隔设置或高度方向间隔设置，并与第一内腔1131贯通。
由于第二内腔1132包括多个间隔设置且与第一内腔1131贯通的分腔，使得第一内腔1131的热量能够通过分腔均匀地传递，使得导热件11能够均匀地向电池单体21传递热量，使电池单体21能够均匀地提高温度，保证电池单体21内部的化学活性能够均匀地处于正常工作状态，从而满足用户对电池200的用电需求。当各个分腔沿着加热装置1长度方向间隔设置，即各个分腔能够直接与第一内腔1131贯通，则促进导热介质13在第一内腔1131和分腔之间的流动循环，进一步提升向电池单体21传递热量的效率。
在另一种实施例中(图中未示出)，第二内腔1132还可以为折线型结构或S型结构。
本实施例中，第二内腔1132包含多个相邻且贯通的分段，当第二 内腔1132为折线型结构时，各个分段为直线型结构相互垂直，当第二内腔1132为S型结构时，每两个直线型结构的分段之间通过一弯曲的分段相连接。
第二内腔1132为折线型结构或S型结构，旨在充分利用导热件11的面积，增加第二内腔1132向电池单体21传热的面积及传热效率，从而提升电池单体21的温度及化学活性，满足用户对电池200的用电需求。
在上述实施例中，请参照图5和图9所示，导热件11包括安装部111和导热部112，导热部112设置有容纳腔113，导热部112为柔性材质。
本实施例中，安装部111是导热件11中用于与电池200的电池单体21等其他结构连接的部位，导热部112是导热件11中用于与电池单体21接触并传递热量的部位，即将容纳腔113内部导热介质13的热量向电池单体21传递。
导热件11通过安装部111与电池200的电池单体21等其他结构连接，使得导热部112能够与电池单体21稳定地接触，由于导热部112为柔性材质，具有可变形能力，因此在电池单体21老化形变的情况下，导热部112也能够随着电池单体21形变而形变，保持有效的传热面积，使得电池单体21的温度能够处于正常工作范围内，使电池单体21的化学活性处于正常工作状态，满足用户对电池200的用电需要。
具体地，请参照图5、图9和图10所示，安装部111为刚性材质，且设置有第一连接孔1111，第一连接孔1111用于将导热件11安装于箱体23内。
本实施例中，安装部111位于导热部112的四周，第一连接孔1111为对称设置于安装部111上的圆孔，用于与箱体23内电池单体21连接。
由于安装部111为刚性材质，使得导热件11能够通过第一连接孔 1111与箱体23稳定的连接，防止导热件11与电池单体21相互运动，降低导热部112磨损的风险，提高导热件11的使用寿命。
在上述实施例中，请参照图9-图10所示，导热件11和/或导热介质13为绝缘体。
本实施例中，导热件11和/或导热介质13由不善于传导电流的物质制成，即为绝缘体，其中，导热件11可由高分子聚合物制成，导热介质13可为硅油、氟化液等液体。
由于导热件11和/或导热介质13为绝缘体，能够降低加热件12漏电导致击穿加热装置1和电池单体21的风险。
请参照图10所示，加热件12包括加热部121和电连接端122，加热部121位于容纳腔113内，电连接端122位于导热件11的两端。
本实施例中，以安装部111为分界，加热件12在导热件11外部的部分为电连接端122，加热件12在导热件11内部的部分为加热部121。电连接端122与提供电能的装置连接，向加热件12传输电流，使加热件12产生热量。其中，电连接端122可以为电连接口或者电连接口与线缆的组合。加热件12在容纳腔113的内部与导热介质13接触，向导热介质13传递热量。另外，安装部111提供相应的密封接口用于加热件12从导热件11的外部伸入容纳腔113内，防止导热介质13泄露。
将加热件12分为用于传递电流的电连接端122和产生热量的加热部121，使得加热部121能够从导热件11获取外部电能，并使得加热部121仅在容纳腔113内利用电能产生热量，既防止漏电事故，又使得热量能在容纳腔113内经导热介质13快速传递至电池单体21，减少热量损耗。
在一种实施例中，加热装置1还可以包括温度感应器(图中未示出)，温度感应器设置于导热件11的外表面。
本实施例中，温度感应器可以通过粘贴或连接方式安装于导热件11的外表面，通过测量导热件11外表面温度的方式间接测量导热介质13的温度，或者，将温度感应器的测量探头伸入导热件11的容纳腔113内，直接测量导热介质13的温度。
通过测量导热介质13的温度，根据测得的温度能够调整加热件12的加热功率，防止导热介质13过热使得容纳腔113内部压力超出容纳腔113的强度极限，降低导热介质13从容纳腔113泄露的风险，提高加热装置1的使用寿命。
本申请还提供一种电池200，请参照图3-图4所示，该电池200包括电池单体21和上述实施例中的加热装置1，相关技术效果参照上述实施例所述，此处不再赘述。
具体地，请参照图3-图6所示，电池200还包括箱体23，电池单体21位于箱体23内，电池200还包括位于箱体23内的安装板24，且安装板24位于各电池单体21的外侧，相邻电池单体21之间具有加热装置1，加热装置1与电池单体21的壳体22连接，和/或，安装板24和位于最外侧的电池单体21之间具有加热装置1，加热装置1与安装板24和位于最外侧的电池单体21的壳体22连接。
本实施例中，电池200包含多个电池单体21，沿第二方向Y间隔设置，每两个电池单体21之间设置有加热装置1。电池单体21外部设置有壳体22，壳体22具有第二连接孔221，第二连接孔221能够与加热装置1中安装部111的第一连接孔1111通过铆钉连接或可拆卸连接方式连接，将加热装置1安装在电池单体21的侧壁。其中，电池单体21之间的间距小于加热装置1在自然状态下的厚度，使得加热装置1能够紧贴于两侧的电池单体21。另外，对于安装在电池单体21靠近箱体23的侧壁上的加热装置1，则在加热装置1靠近箱体23一侧设置安装板24，安装板24 具有第三连接孔241，通过铆钉连接或可拆卸连接方式连接第一连接孔1111、第二连接孔221和第三连接孔241连接在一起，保证电池200最外两侧的加热装置1也能够紧贴于最外两侧的电池单体21。
通过上述安装设置，当电池单体21老化形变时，具有柔性的加热装置1也能随着电池单体21形变而形变，加热装置1与电池单体21保持有效的传热面积，使电池单体21的温度处于正常工作范围，从而提升电池单体21的化学活性处于正常状态，满足用户的用电需要。
本申请还提供一种用电装置，用电装置包括上述实施例中的电池200。用电装置可以是前述任一应用电池200的设备或系统。
在一种实施方案中，请参照图6所示，将加热装置1安装至电池单体21的侧壁上，具体地利用铆钉将导热件11上安装部111的第一连接孔1111与电池单体21的壳体22的第二连接孔221连接在一起，使导热件11的导热部112与电池单体21的侧壁接触。由于导热部112由柔性材质制成，导热部112可随电池单体21老化形变而形变，导热部112与电池单体21保持有效的传热界面，降低热量损耗的风险，使电池单体21在寒冷环境中也能保持正常工作温度，使电池单体21的化学活性处于正常状态，满足用户对电池200的使用需求。
具体地，请参照图10-图11所示，导热部112内部设置有容纳腔113，用于容纳硅油或氟化液等具有绝缘性质的导热介质13，导热介质13用于将加热件12的热量均布于导热部112上，使得热量更加均匀地向电池单体21传递，从而使得在寒冷环境中的电池单体21的能够均匀地提升温度和化学活性，满足用户对电池200的使用需求。
更具体地，请参照图11所示，容纳腔113沿高度方向从下至上分为第一内腔1131和第二内腔1132，加热件12贯穿第一内腔1131与导热介质13接触，在加热件12的加热作用下，液体的导热介质13温度升高且 密度减小，向上流动直至第二内腔1132顶端，并向电池单体21传递热量，随后导热介质13温度降低且密度减小，从第二内腔1132重新流回第一内腔1131，再利用加热件12加热，从而形成加热件12向电池单体21的传热循环。
请参照图4-图5所示，为了有效利用导热部112的传热面积并且使导热部112与电池单体21充分接触，在相邻两个电池单体21之间设置一个加热装置1，且相邻两个电池单体21之间的宽度小于加热装置1的厚度；对于靠近箱体23附近的加热装置1，通过加装安装板24，使得柔性的导热部112在电池单体21未形变或者形变的条件下，导热部112始终与电池单体21保持足够的传热面积，从而使电池单体21在寒冷环境下能够提升温度和化学活性，满足用户对电池200用电需求。
另外，导热件11和导热介质13为绝缘材质，能够降低加热件12在通电情况下将电池单体21击穿的风险。
不仅如此，导热件11外表面的温度感应器(图中未示出)，用于探测导热介质13的温度，及时调整加热件12的加热功率，控制导热介质13的温度，防止容纳腔113内部的压力过大而超出容纳腔113的强度极限，降低导热介质13从容纳腔113泄露风险，提高加热装置1的使用寿命。
在以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种加热装置，所述加热装置(1)包括：
    导热件(11)，用于安装于电池(200)的箱体(23)内，所述导热件(11)具有用于容纳导热介质(13)的容纳腔(113)，所述容纳腔(113)的侧壁为柔性材质；
    加热件(12)，所述加热件(12)的至少部分伸入所述容纳腔(113)内，并能够与所述导热介质(13)接触。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的加热装置，其中，所述容纳腔(113)包括相连通的第一内腔(1131)和第二内腔(1132)；
    所述第一内腔(1131)位于所述第二内腔(1132)的下方，所述加热件(12)的至少部分伸入所述第一内腔(1131)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的加热装置，其中，所述第一内腔(1131)为直线型结构，且所述加热件(12)贯穿所述第一内腔(1131)。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的加热装置，其中，所述第二内腔(1132)包括多个间隔设置的分腔，各所述分腔均与所述第一内腔(1131)连通。
  5. 根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的加热装置，其中，所述第二内腔(1132)为折线型结构或S型结构。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的加热装置，其中，所述导热件(11)包括安装部(111)和导热部(112)，所述导热部(112)设置有所述容纳腔(113)；
    所述导热部(112)为柔性材质。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的加热装置，其中，所述安装部(111)为刚性材质，且设置有第一连接孔(1111)，所述第一连接孔(1111)用于将 所述导热件(11)安装于所述箱体(23)内。
  8. 根据权利要求1～7中任一项所述的加热装置，其中，所述导热件(11)和/或所述导热介质(13)为绝缘体。
  9. 根据权利要求1～8中任一项所述的加热装置，其中，所述加热件(12)包括加热部(121)和电连接端(122)，所述加热部(121)位于所述容纳腔(113)内，所述电连接端(122)位于所述导热件(11)的两端。
  10. 根据权利要求1～9中任一项所述的加热装置，其中，所述加热装置(1)还包括温度感应器，所述温度感应器设置于所述导热件(11)的外表面。
  11. 一种电池，所述电池(200)包括电池单体(21)和权利要求1～10中任一项所述的加热装置(1)。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池，其中，所述电池(200)还包括箱体(23)，所述电池单体(21)位于所述箱体(23)内；
    所述电池(200)还包括位于所述箱体(23)内的安装板(24)，且所述安装板(24)位于各所述电池单体(21)的外侧；
    相邻所述电池单体(21)之间具有所述加热装置(1)，所述加热装置(1)与所述电池单体(21)的壳体(22)连接，和/或，所述安装板(24)和位于最外侧的所述电池单体(21)之间具有所述加热装置(1)，所述加热装置(1)与所述安装板(24)和位于最外侧的所述电池单体(21)的壳体(22)连接。
  13. 一种用电装置，所述用电装置包括权利要求11或12所述的电池(200)。
PCT/CN2022/085249 2021-10-29 2022-04-06 一种加热装置、电池及用电装置 WO2023071056A1 (zh)

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