WO2023070641A1 - 具有防滑功能的板材及其制备方法 - Google Patents

具有防滑功能的板材及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023070641A1
WO2023070641A1 PCT/CN2021/127798 CN2021127798W WO2023070641A1 WO 2023070641 A1 WO2023070641 A1 WO 2023070641A1 CN 2021127798 W CN2021127798 W CN 2021127798W WO 2023070641 A1 WO2023070641 A1 WO 2023070641A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
support body
mold
channel
main
plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/127798
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
唐道远
吴光荣
邓梦德
Original Assignee
安徽森泰木塑集团股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 安徽森泰木塑集团股份有限公司 filed Critical 安徽森泰木塑集团股份有限公司
Priority to CN202180031682.0A priority Critical patent/CN115529827A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2021/127798 priority patent/WO2023070641A1/zh
Priority to EP21820437.8A priority patent/EP4197784A4/en
Priority to GBGB2115673.2A priority patent/GB202115673D0/en
Priority to US17/617,775 priority patent/US20240157688A1/en
Priority to AU2021471443A priority patent/AU2021471443A1/en
Publication of WO2023070641A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023070641A1/zh

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    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/18—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C2043/181—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles encapsulated
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    • B29C44/36—Feeding the material to be shaped
    • B29C44/46—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length
    • B29C44/50—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length using pressure difference, e.g. by extrusion or by spraying
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    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
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    • B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/308—Heat stability
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2110/00—Foam properties
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08J2201/02—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments
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    • C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08J2327/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
    • C08J2327/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
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    • C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
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    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a board, in particular to a board with an anti-skid function and a preparation method thereof; it belongs to the technical field of board manufacturing.
  • Elastomers such as natural rubber, synthetic rubber, and thermoplastic elastomers all have a good touch, and are characterized by softness and elasticity. These characteristics make the board with the surface of the elastomer material have incomparable advantages in decoration compared with other materials, especially for indoor or outdoor flooring.
  • the patent document whose authorized publication number is GB2445714B discloses a plate.
  • the panels have an elastic surface and a rigid foam core as support beams.
  • Its surface layer and core layer are both made of polyurethane, so the surface layer and core layer can be fused into one without the use of adhesives, and cannot be peeled off. It does not use any peelable technical means to connect the two.
  • the polyurethane core layer is made of foaming process, the strength of the thermosetting polyurethane material as a support beam after foaming cannot fully meet the various strength requirements of the board in the application scene, so its polyurethane core layer is mixed with a certain amount of fiber To increase the strength of the overall core layer. Due to the surface elasticity of the board, the strength of the core layer is increased by fibers, and the two layers have good bonding force due to the use of the same material, so they have good touch and strength, and are widely welcomed by the market.
  • the material cost of the polyurethane sheet is high, and the process of mixing fiber reinforcement in the manufacture of the core layer is very complicated, and involves the modification of equipment, making it difficult to popularize and apply the sheet on a large scale.
  • the present invention aims to solve the above problems, so as to provide a board with anti-skid function.
  • the board of the invention By replacing the core layer material, the board of the invention not only achieves a substantial reduction in material cost, but also enables it to meet the strength requirements of a fiber-reinforced polyurethane board without using fiber reinforcement.
  • a plate with anti-slip function including a hard support body and an anti-slip body removably clamped on the support body;
  • the anti-slip body has a planar body forming the use surface of the board, and the planar body extends toward the support body to form a clip;
  • the supporting body has snap-in grooves that cooperate with the snap-in pieces and can be removed from each other; there is at least one in the snap-in slots that restricts the snap-in pieces from extending in the opposite direction to disengage from the snap-in The limit part of the groove;
  • the support body includes a support body and a plurality of shaping parts arranged in the support body to prevent deformation of the support body;
  • the support body is a cube structure with at least eight edge corners, the The shaping member simultaneously connects at least three of the eight edge corners;
  • the body of the support body is made of thermoplastic material, and the anti-slip body is made of elastomer material.
  • the material of the elastic surface layer is polyurethane
  • the material of the hard core layer is rigid foamed polyurethane. Since both the surface layer and the core layer are polyurethane, there is no adhesive or any other peelable method. In this case, the surface layer and the core layer can be bonded by heat fusion.
  • the prior art adopts the method of adding fibers to polyurethane, which solves the problem of insufficient strength of polyurethane itself, and achieves good technical effects.
  • the material cost of polyurethane is high, and when polyurethane is extruded, fibers often block the mold, which results in high manufacturing cost of the fiber-reinforced core layer.
  • the inventor hopes to solve the problem of high cost by replacing the material, and at the same time does not use fiber reinforcement to prevent the problem of mold blockage.
  • fiber reinforcement to prevent the problem of mold blockage.
  • the core layer and the anti-slip layer can be made of different materials, that is, the anti-slip body still uses polyurethane elastic material, while the core layer uses other cheap materials.
  • This core material does not use fiber reinforcement, ie it must be strong enough. Obviously such materials are very numerous, such as various thermoplastic materials.
  • thermoplastic materials can meet the strength requirements, due to their thermoplastic characteristics, in actual use, the shape and size of the support will change in harsh environments such as heat and water. Shrinkage, which will not only cause the mutual peeling of the support body and the anti-skid body, but also may cause the disintegration of the board in many cases.
  • the material, shape, and installation position of the shape-setting component are all key to whether the size of the support can be truly locked. .
  • the inventors found through a lot of experiments that since the support body is a three-dimensional structure and usually has eight corners, only three edge corners of the support body need to be locked to effectively reduce the shrinkage of the whole support body after being subjected to heat. Next, how to fabricate the structure at low cost and efficiently remains a difficult problem.
  • the so-called connecting edge corner of the shaped part means that the closest distance between the edge of the shaped part and the corner apex of the support body is not greater than 25% of the width of the support body. Only in this way is it sufficient to prevent the thermoplastic material of the support body from shrinks in size. If it is not connected or the distance is too large, it will directly cause the size of the edge corner of the support body to shrink, resulting in the shrinkage of the overall plate size.
  • thermosetting polyurethane is at a low level, and fibers are needed to increase its strength, while thermoplastic materials not only have high material strength, but also have cost advantages, so they are ideal. choose.
  • Thermoplastic materials can be various polyolefins that meet strength requirements, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and ethylene-propylene copolymers; they can also be homopolymers of olefins containing polar groups, such as polyvinyl chloride; they can also be modified Polyolefins, such as unsaturated carboxylic acid modification.
  • the form of unsaturated carboxylic acid modification can be blending, copolymerization, grafting.
  • Blending refers to mixing the polymer obtained by polymerization of unsaturated carboxylic acid with polyolefin, such as a mixture of polyacrylic acid and polyethylene; copolymerization refers to adding unsaturated carboxylic acid during the synthesis of polyolefin resin.
  • Acid to obtain a copolymer of olefinic monomers and unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers, such as polymers with "-ethylene-acrylic acid-ethylene-" repeating units;
  • grafting refers to the synthesis of polyolefin resins.
  • the polymer chain undergoes a grafting reaction to add a side chain structure to the polymer chain, allowing the polymer to obtain additional groups, such as maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene.
  • thermoplastics have higher Shore hardness and elastic modulus than thermoplastic elastomers, replacing rigid foamed polyurethane with thermoplastics can significantly increase the strength of the board without using fiber reinforcement. Based on the above description, strength includes two meanings, one is the ability to resist the collapse of the plate caused by heavy pressure, and the other is the ability to resist the elastic deformation of the plate caused by heavy pressure.
  • the inventor has provided a matching structure between the support body and the anti-slip body, so that the support body and the anti-slip body can be combined based on the matching structure.
  • the matching structure includes a locking member formed by extending the anti-skid body toward the support body, and a locking groove on the support body that cooperates with the locking member.
  • there is at least one limiting component in the engaging groove so that the engaging member is restricted in the engaging groove and is difficult to move away from the supporting body.
  • the clamping body can still move along the opening direction of the clamping groove in the clamping groove, or even break away from the clamping groove.
  • connection between the two can be repaired or the anti-skid body can be replaced by removing the anti-skid body through the direction of the clamping groove.
  • the contact surface of the support body and the anti-skid body is a plane.
  • the contacting surfaces of the support body and the anti-skid body are surfaces with a serrated cross section.
  • the shaping part includes a skeleton for preventing the support body from shrinking when heated, and a connecting body covering the skeleton and connecting the skeleton and the supporting body; the shaping part
  • the thickness is 0.5 ⁇ 5.0mm.
  • the support body is rigid foamed polyurethane, it is thermosetting, so its size hardly changes even when it is heated.
  • the present invention replaces the support body with a thermoplastic material. Thermoplastic materials, on the other hand, undergo dimensional changes when heated. It is foreseeable that after the floor is paved, especially when the outdoor floor is exposed to strong sunlight in summer, the floor will shrink irreversibly due to the increase in temperature. This makes cracks between adjacent floors, especially at the corners, which will produce cavities and expose the ground below the floors, seriously affecting the appearance, and even destroying the connection between the floor and the keel.
  • the shaping component in the above-mentioned technical solution of the present invention is provided in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.
  • the above-mentioned problems of the present invention are effectively solved.
  • Experimental studies have shown that after the setting part is added, the heat shrinkage rate of the support body is reduced from more than 2.0% to about 0.005%; the linear expansion coefficient is reduced from 4.35*10-5 to 2.66*10-5; Effect.
  • the support body is a cube structure with at least eight edge corners, and the shaping member connects at least three of the eight edge corners at the same time; this allows the shaping member to reinforce the support so that The support body does not shrink due to heat, because this shrinkage force is counteracted by the support force of the shaped part.
  • the resin of the shaped part and the thermoplastic material of the support body can be well fused, so that the shaped part can be combined with the support body, so that the shaped part can better resist heat shrinkage.
  • the support body further includes a reinforced shell wrapped outside the support body and connected thereto in a non-peelable manner; the thickness of the reinforced shell is 1.0-10.0 mm.
  • the resin of the shaped part is cohesive, especially when heated, the cohesiveness is better.
  • the shaped part can thus also form a bond with the above-mentioned reinforced shell, so that the shaped part can also simultaneously prevent the reinforced shell from shrinking when heated.
  • the skeleton is a wire or a net or cloth formed of wires, and the wires are selected from one of inorganic non-metallic wires, metal wires, and polymer wires or a mixed wire formed by at least two of them.
  • the linker is a solid resin at room temperature.
  • the resin is general-purpose plastic or engineering plastic.
  • the resin is selected from PE, PP, PVC, PS, ABS, ASA, PA, PC, POM, PBT, PPO, PETG, PAR, POB, PHB, PASF, PI, PEI, PEK, PEEK one or more of .
  • the skeleton is a grid belt-shaped part made of continuous glass filaments, and the connecting body is ABS resin.
  • the said shaping component is in the shape of a belt, has two, and at least respectively connects three corners of the two sides of the support body.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned plate with anti-skid function.
  • the preparation method of the sheet material with anti-skid function comprises the following steps:
  • the method for manufacturing the support includes the following steps:
  • the main channel, side channel and co-extrusion channel are set independently of each other;
  • the pressure-holding core is arranged in the reinforced shell, and the belt-shaped shaped part is arranged between the two opposite surfaces of the pressure-holding core and the reinforced shell; and the pressure-holding core There is a preformed foaming space between the body and the reinforced shell.
  • the foaming agent includes not only a chemical foaming agent, such as being added to the first resin raw material in the form of a material; but also a physical foaming agent, such as not adding to the raw material, but passing Supercritical carbon dioxide fluid, which is mixed with the first resin inside the extruder.
  • a side channel for inputting the shaped part is opened on the co-extrusion die, and then the side channel is merged with the main channel, and then the co-extrusion is carried out to cover the support body, and finally Extrude from the die opening.
  • the inventors have conducted experimental studies using such a scheme, but encountered the same problem in each experiment. The problem is that the side channels are always blocked, and the support body is not evenly foamed, so it is difficult to achieve the desired effect. After analyzing the above-mentioned problems, the inventor believes that there is a great pressure inside the main channel.
  • the pressure in the main channel will be released in reverse along the flow channel of the setting part, and the pressure in the main channel will be naturally released.
  • the material squeezes into the flow channel of the shaping part and further foams, thereby blocking the flow channel of the shaping part.
  • the above-mentioned problems are solved by changing the production method and transforming the mould. It is mainly manifested in the following aspects: on the mold, 1.
  • the main flow channel is designed to maintain pressure in the entire mold; 2.
  • the co-extrusion flow channel is added; 3.
  • the flow channel of the shaped part, the co-extrusion flow channel and the main flow channel are independent of each other, and in the mold
  • the ports of the discharge plate are converging; 4.
  • the mold outlet is equipped with a sizing mold; in terms of method, the previous idea of forming a composite plate from the mold outlet is abandoned, and a reinforced shell is introduced so that when the materials meet at the mold outlet, although the compound is not realized , but realize the automatic billet assembly required for compounding, and then enter the setting mold for compounding.
  • the calibrating die provides two functions to help the mold base to form and realize the shaping of the plate.
  • the shaped part of the present invention is prepared by the following method:
  • the mold for making the shaped part is as follows:
  • one end of the sprue is the die mouth of the mould, and the other end is sealed, and the feed port of the mold is set on the side of the mould; one end of the mold seal is provided with a mesh that allows the grid cloth to enter and restricts the molten state in the sprue.
  • the wire part has two ends, one end is a tip, and is arranged in the cavity of the second mold; the other end is a tail end, and is arranged on the end cap of the sealing end of the second mold; A channel is formed between the tip and the tail to allow the mesh to pass through.
  • the co-extrusion die includes a main die and a setting die;
  • the main mold is formed by connecting a plurality of mold plates including a mold feed plate, a flow channel forming plate, and a mold discharge plate; the main mold is provided with a main flow channel, a shaped part flow channel and a coextrusion flow channel
  • the main channel, the flow channel of the shaping part and the co-extrusion flow channel are independent of each other in the main mold;
  • the flow channel of the setting part includes a first channel and a second channel distributed on both sides of the main channel, and the first The passage and the second passage form the first discharge port and the second discharge port on both sides of the discharge port of the main channel at the mold discharge plate;
  • the co-extruded flow channel forms a surface layer discharge port at the mold discharge plate
  • the surface outlet is a rectangular ring structure and is sleeved around the outlet of the main channel, and the first outlet and the second outlet are arranged between the outlet of the main channel and the outlet of the surface. Between feed ports.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • thermoplastic polyolefin by replacing the material of the support body with thermoplastic polyolefin, the cost of the support body is significantly reduced and the strength is improved compared with the prior art;
  • thermoplastic polyolefin After replacing the material of the support body with thermoplastic polyolefin, a matching structure is set between the support body and the anti-slip body, so that the anti-slip body is firmly clamped on the support body, so that the present invention simultaneously Taking advantage of the thermoplastic support and elastic anti-slip body, the board has the advantages of high compressive strength and good surface contact;
  • the present invention significantly improves the ability of the plate to resist heat shrinkage by setting a shaping component inside the support body
  • the present invention provides a method for compounding the support body and the anti-slip body, based on this method, the anti-slip body can better cover the support body;
  • the present invention also provides a method for implanting the shape-setting component inside the support body, which solves the problem of implanting a continuous strip material inside the support body.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of area A in Fig. 1;
  • Example 3 is a schematic diagram of the mold structure used to prepare the support in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a mold for preparing a shaped part in Example 1 of the present invention
  • Fig. 5 is the structural representation of comparative example two
  • 10-main flow channel 20-setting part flow channel, 21-first channel, 22-second channel, 30-co-extrusion flow channel, 31-surface discharge port; 50-feed port of the second mold, 60- Wire parts; 100-anti-slip body, 101-clamping piece, 200-support body, 201-support body, 202-reinforced shell, 203-clamping slot, 204-setting parts, 211-first outlet , 221-the second outlet; 2031-limiting parts.
  • the plate with anti-skid function includes a hard support body 200 and an anti-skid body 100 clamped on the surface of the support body 200 .
  • the anti-skid body 100 has a planar body forming the use surface of the board, and the planar body extends toward the support body 200 to form a clip 101 .
  • the supporting body 200 has a snap-in groove 203 that cooperates with the snap-in piece 101; the snap-in slot 203 has two holes that restrict the snap-in piece 101 from the snap-in slot 203 away from the support body.
  • the limiting part 2031 of the plate, the clamping groove 203 is opened parallel to the length direction of the plate to form a long strip, and the clamping member 101 is formed to be a long strip parallel to the length direction of the plate, both of which can be completely removed along the direction of opening.
  • the support body 200 includes a support body body 201, two shaping components 204 arranged in the body to prevent the deformation of the support body body 201, and a reinforcement wrapped around the support body body 201 and integrally connected with it.
  • the support body 201 is a cube structure with two upper and lower surfaces, and each of the upper and lower surfaces has four edge corners.
  • the two shaping components 204 are in the shape of belts; one connects the four edge corners of the upper surface of the support body 201 , and the other connects the four edge corners of the lower surface of the support body 201 .
  • Described shaping member 204 comprises the skeleton that is used to prevent described support body 201 from shrinking when heated, and covers described skeleton and is used for connecting the connecting body of described skeleton and support body;
  • the thickness of described shaping member is 2.0mm.
  • the skeleton is a grid cloth woven by continuous glass filaments, and the connecting body is ABS resin.
  • the support body 201 is made of thermoplastic material PVC through foaming, and the anti-slip body 201 is made of elastomer material PU.
  • the preparation method of the above-mentioned plate with anti-slip function comprises the following steps:
  • liquid raw material forming the anti-skid body 100 into the mold;
  • the liquid raw material is formed from the following materials: 2200 g of polyether polyol, 15 g of talcum powder, 600 g of isocyanate, and 4 g of curing agent;
  • the preparation method of above-mentioned support body is as follows:
  • the pressure-holding core is arranged in the reinforced shell 202, and the belt-shaped shaping member 204 is arranged between the two opposite surfaces of the pressure-holding core and the reinforced shell; and the There is a preformed foaming space between the pressure-holding core body and the reinforced shell 202 .
  • the mold that is used to prepare above-mentioned supporting body, namely described co-extrusion mold, comprises main mold and calibrating die, and main mold is as shown in Figure 3, and described main mold is composed of mold feed plate, runner forming plate, mold outlet.
  • a plurality of mold plates including material plates are butted together;
  • the main mold is provided with a main flow channel 10, a shaping component flow channel 20 and a co-extrusion flow channel 30, and the main flow channel 10, the setting component flow channel 20 and the co-extrusion flow channel
  • the runners 30 are independent of each other in the main mold;
  • the runners 20 of the shaped part include a first passage 21 and a second passage 22 distributed on both sides of the main runner 10, and the first passage 21 and the second passage 22 are in the
  • the mold discharge plate forms the first discharge port 211 and the second discharge port 221 on both sides of the sprue discharge port 11;
  • the co-extrusion runner 30 forms a surface discharge port 31 on the mold discharge plate, so
  • the above-mentioned shaped part 204 is prepared by the following method:
  • the grid cloth is in the form of a belt, which forms a rigid sheet-like plate after covering it with ABS.
  • one end of sprue is the die mouth of mould, and die mouth is flat;
  • a wire member 60 that allows the grid cloth to pass through and restricts the flow of molten resin in the main channel.
  • the wire part has two ends, one end is a tip, which is arranged in the mold cavity of the second mold, and the other end is a tail end, which is arranged on the end cap of the sealing end of the second mold; the tip and the tail end Channels are formed between them to allow the grid cloth to pass through.
  • a board is prepared.
  • the support of the board is fiber-reinforced rigid polyurethane foam.
  • the anti-skid body of the board is polyurethane elastomer.
  • the thermoplastic floor with an elastic surface includes a hard support body 200 and an anti-slip body 100 clamped on the surface of the support body 200 .
  • the anti-skid body 100 has a planar body forming the use surface of the board, and the planar body extends toward the support body 200 to form a clip 101 .
  • the supporting body 200 has a snap-in slot 203 that fits with the snap-in piece 101 ; the snap-in slot 203 has two limiting components that restrict the snap-in piece from the snap-in slot.
  • the support body 200 includes a support body body 201 and a reinforcement shell 202 wrapped outside the support body body 201 and connected with it in a non-peelable manner; the thickness of the reinforcement shell is 4.0mm.
  • the support body 201 is made of thermoplastic material PVC through foaming, and the anti-slip body 201 is made of elastomer material PU.
  • thermoplastic floor with an elastic surface comprises the following steps:
  • liquid raw material forming the anti-skid body 100 into the mold;
  • the liquid raw material is formed from the following materials: 2200 g of polyether polyol, 15 g of talcum powder, 600 g of isocyanate, and 4 g of curing agent;
  • the preparation method of this comparative example two support body 200 is as follows:

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有防滑功能的板材及其制备方法；属于板材制造技术领域。具有防滑功能的板材，包括支撑体和卡接在支撑体上的防滑体；防滑体具有一个卡接件；支撑体具有与所述卡接件配合的卡接槽；卡接槽内具有限制所述卡接件脱离所述卡接槽的限位部件；支撑体由热塑性材料制成，防滑体由弹性体材料制成。本发明通过将支撑体的材料替换成热塑性的材料，使得支撑体在生产成本上显著降低，并在强度上得到提高；本发明还在支撑体和防滑体之间设置配合结构，使防滑体牢固地卡接在所述的支撑体上，从而使得本发明同时发挥了热塑性的支撑体和弹性的防滑体的优势，使板材具有抗压强度高、表面接触性好的优点。

Description

具有防滑功能的板材及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种板材，尤其是一种具有防滑功能的板材及其制备方法；属于板材制造技术领域。
 背景技术
弹性体如天然橡胶、合成橡胶以及热塑性的弹性体，均具有良好的触感，并具有质软、弹性的特点。这些特点使得具有弹性体材料表面的板材相对于其他材料在装潢方面具有不可比拟的优势，尤其是用作室内或者户外的地板。
授权公告号为GB2445714B的专利文献公开了一种板材。该板材具有弹性的表面和作为支撑梁的硬质发泡的芯层。它的表层和芯层均使用聚氨酯，因此其表层和芯层在不使用粘结剂的情况下能够融合形成一体，并且不可被剥离，它没有采用任何可剥离的技术手段将两者连接。由于聚氨酯作为芯层采用发泡的工艺制成，热固性的聚氨酯材料发泡后作为支撑梁的强度不能完全满足板材在应用场景的各种强度要求，因此它的聚氨酯芯层通过混合一定量的纤维来提升整体芯层的强度。该板材由于表面弹性，芯层通过纤维增加强度，两层之间由于采用同种材质具有良好的结合力，因此具有良好的触感和强度，受到市场的广泛欢迎。
 技术问题
但是，聚氨酯板材的材料成本高，芯层制造中混合纤维增强的工艺非常复杂，并且涉及到对设备的改造，致使该板材难以大范围的推广应用。
 技术解决方案
本发明要解决上述问题，从而提供一种具有防滑功能的板材。本发明的板材，通过替换芯层材料，既达到了大幅度降低材料成本，又能使其在不使用纤维增强的情况下达到纤维增强的聚氨酯板材的强度要求。
本发明解决上述问题的技术方案如下：
具有防滑功能的板材，包括硬质的支撑体和可移除地卡接在所述支撑体上的防滑体；
所述防滑体具有一个形成所述板材使用面的面状体，面状体向支撑体方向延伸形成卡接件；
所述支撑体上具有与所述卡接件配合并可相互移除的卡接槽；所述的卡接槽内具有至少一个限制所述卡接件向其延伸的反方向脱离所述卡接槽的限位部件；
所述支撑体包括支撑体本体以及设在支撑体本体内用以防止所述支撑体本体变形的多个定形部件；所述支撑体本体为立方体结构，其具有至少八个边缘角部，所述的定形部件同时连接所述八个边缘角部中的至少三个；
所述支撑体的本体由热塑性材料制备而成，所述的防滑体由弹性体材料制备而成。
现有技术中，弹性表层的材质为聚氨酯，硬质芯层的材质为硬质发泡的聚氨酯，由于表层和芯层都是聚氨酯，因此在不使用粘结剂和任何其他可剥离的方法的情况下，表层和芯层就能通过热熔结合。但由于硬质发泡聚氨酯的强度不够高，因此，现有技术采用了在聚氨酯中添加纤维的办法，解决了聚氨酯本身强度不足的问题，并且取得了良好的技术效果。但是聚氨酯材料成本高，并且聚氨酯在被挤出时，纤维经常会堵塞模具，这造成了纤维增强的芯层的制造成本高。首先，发明人希望通过替换材料的方法来解决成本偏高的问题，同时不使用纤维增强从而杜绝模具的堵塞问题。然而，几乎无法找到比聚氨酯更加合适作为防滑功能的材料，发明人设想是否可以将芯层和防滑层采用不同的材料，即防滑体仍然采用聚氨酯弹性材料，而芯层则采用其他便宜的材料，这种芯层材料不使用纤维增强，即必须是强度足够的。显然这种材料非常多，例如各种热塑性材料。然而这带来了问题，即两种不同材料如何实现连接，尤其是板材需要在水、空气和阳光的多重因素下保持较长时间不变形、不开裂，尤其是一种材料为硬质的，一种材料为软质的，并且在起防滑作用时两者间的剥离力较大。发明人通过紧密配合的结构以及创新的工艺解决了上述问题，即通过两者在接触的面上设置大量的卡接结构来实现连接力的强度，即通过先在硬质的支撑体上开槽，再将其防滑体卡接定型到槽中的方式，实现一种可剥离的强力连接。
然而，发明人在大量的实验中发现，虽然热塑性的材料可以满足强度的要求，但由于其热塑性的特点，在实际使用中，在热、水等恶劣环境下，支撑体的形状和尺寸会产生收缩，这不仅会导致支撑体和防滑体的相互剥离，很多时候可能导致板材解体。为了解决这一问题，发明人尝试在芯体中设置定形部件来锁定支撑体的尺寸，防止其变形，然而定形部件的材质、形状、设置位置都是关系到是否能真正锁定支撑体尺寸的关键。发明人通过大量实验发现，由于支撑体为立体结构，其通常具有八个角，只需锁定支撑体的三个边缘角部即可有效地降低支撑体整体在经历热后的收缩。接下来，如何低成本和高效地制造该结构依然是一个难题。
所谓的定形部件连接边缘角部，指的是定形部件的边缘距支撑体本体的角顶点的最近距离不大于支撑体宽度的25%，只有这样才足以防止支撑体本体的热塑性材料在遇热后的尺寸收缩。如果不连接或者距离过大，则直接造成支撑体本体边缘角部的尺寸收缩，从而导致整体板材尺寸收缩。
在众多高分子聚合物材料中，热固性聚氨酯的材料强度处于较低的水平，需要纤维增加其强度，而热塑性的材料不仅具有较高的材料强度，而且还具有成本上的优势，是较为理想的选择。热塑性材料可以是满足强度要求的各种聚烯烃，例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯丙烯共聚物；也可以是含极性基团的烯烃的均聚物，例如聚氯乙烯；也可以是改性的聚烯烃，如不饱和羧酸改性。不饱和羧酸改性的形式可以是共混、共聚、接枝。共混指的是，将不饱和羧酸通过聚合反应得到的聚合物与聚烯烃混合，例如聚丙烯酸与聚乙烯的混合物；共聚指的是，在聚烯烃树脂的合成过程中就加入不饱和羧酸，得到烯烃类单体和不饱和羧酸单体的共聚物，例如具有“-乙烯--丙烯酸-乙烯-”重复单元的聚合物；接枝指的是在聚烯烃树脂合成完成后，对高分子链进行接枝反应，为高分子链添加侧链结构，使高分子额外获得基团，例如马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯。
由于热塑性塑料比热塑性弹性体具有更高的邵氏硬度和弹性模量，因此，将硬质发泡聚氨酯替换成热塑性塑料后，在不使用纤维增强的情况下，也能够显著提高板材的强度。基于上面的描述，强度包含两个方面的含义，一方面是指抵抗因重压而导致的板材崩塌的能力，另一方面是指抵抗因重压而导致的板材弹性形变的能力。
发明人在支撑体和防滑体之间设置了配合结构，使支撑体和防滑体产生基于所述配合结构的结合。该配合结构如上所述，包括由防滑体向支撑体方向延伸形成的卡接件，和支撑体上具有的与所述卡接件配合的卡接槽。并且，所述的卡接槽内具有至少一个限位部件，使得所述的卡接件被限制在所述的卡接槽内而难以远离支撑体。但卡接体仍然可以在卡接槽内延卡接槽的开设方向移动，甚至脱离卡接槽，某些时候当表面的防滑体出现破损时或者防滑体与支撑体的卡接出现松动时，可通延过卡接槽方向移除防滑体后修复两者的连接或者更换防滑体。
通常，支撑体和防滑体相接触的表面为平面。为了更进一步地提高支撑体和防滑体的结合。作为优选，所述支撑体和防滑体的相接触的表面为截面呈锯齿状的面。
作为优选，所述的定形部件包括用于防止所述的支撑体本体在受热时收缩的骨架，和包覆所述骨架并用于连接所述骨架和支撑体本体的连接体；所述定形部件的厚度为0.5~5.0mm。
现有技术中，由于支撑体是硬质发泡聚氨酯，它是热固性的，因此，即使在受热时，它的尺寸仍几乎不会发生改变。本发明将支撑体替换为热塑性的材料。而热塑性的材料在受热时，会发生尺寸上的变化。可以预见的是，当地板铺装后，尤其是当室外地板在夏天受到阳光猛烈照射时，地板会因为温度的升高而发生不可恢复的收缩。这就使得相邻地板之间产生裂缝，尤其是在边角处，会产生空洞而露出地板下面的地面，严重影响美观，甚至还会破坏地板与龙骨的连接。
本发明上述技术方案中的定形部件正是为了解决上述问题而设置的。在设置了定形部件之后，本发明的上述问题得到了有效的解决。试验研究表明，在增设了定形部件之后，所述支撑体的热收缩率从2.0%以上降低到了0.005%左右；线性膨胀系数从4.35*10-5降低到了2.66*10-5；取得了显著的效果。具体地说，支撑体本体为立方体结构，其具有至少八个边缘角部，定形部件同时连接所述八个边缘角部中的至少三个；这就使得定形部件能够对支撑体实现加固，使得支撑体不因受热而收缩，因为这个收缩力被定形部件的支撑力抵消了。而且，定形部件的树脂与支撑体的热塑性材料能够产生良好的融合，从而使得定形部件能够与支撑体形成结合，从而使得定形部件发挥更好的抵抗热收缩的效果。
作为优选，所述支撑体还包括一个包裹在所述支撑体本体外并与之不采用可剥离方式连接的强化壳体；所述强化壳体的厚度为1.0~10.0mm。
定形部件的树脂，是具有粘结性的，尤其是在受热时，粘结性更好。因此定形部件还能与上述的强化壳体形成结合，从而使得定形部件还能够同时防止强化壳体在受热时的收缩。
作为优选，所述的骨架为丝线或由丝线形成的网或布，所述的丝线选自无机非金属丝线、金属丝线、聚合物丝线中的一种或至少两种形成的混合丝线。
作为优选，所述的连接体为常温下为固态的树脂。进一步地，所述的树脂为通用塑料或工程塑料。更进一步地，所述的树脂选自PE、PP、PVC、PS、ABS、ASA、PA、PC、POM、PBT、PPO、PETG、PAR、POB、PHB、PASF、PI、PEI、PEK、PEEK中的一种或多种。
作为优选，所述的骨架为连续型玻璃长丝制造的网格带状部件，所述连接体为ABS树脂。
作为优选，所述的定形部件呈带状，具有两个，且至少分别连接所述支撑体本体的两个侧面的各三个角部。
本发明的另一个目的是提供上述具有防滑功能的板材的制备方法。
具有防滑功能的板材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
a、将弹性体的液态原料倒入铸模；
b、制造所述支撑体并将支撑体以卡接槽朝下的方式放入所述的铸模，使得所述支撑体飘浮或悬浮于所述的液态原料；
c、对所述支撑体施加一个压力，使其于液态原料中下沉，使得所述液态原料进入支撑体的卡接槽内；
d、合模并保持所述的压力，使所述的液态原料固化。
作为上述技术方案的优选，制造所述支撑体的方法包括以下步骤：
1）、将包含第一树脂和发泡剂的第一原料经充分混合后输入到主挤出机中，由所述主挤出机将所述第一原料挤入共挤模具的主流道中，形成保压芯体；
2）、将两个带状的定形部件分别从共挤模具的两个侧流道通入；
3）、将包含第二树脂的第二原料通过辅挤出机从共挤模具的共挤流道喂入，从模具的出口挤出，得到截面为框型的强化壳体；
4）、保压芯体、定形部件和强化壳体从各自流道挤出后，三者成模坯；
5）、将所述模坯通入到定型模中，于定型模内使保压芯体在受所述定型模内壁约束的强化壳体中进行发泡，将所述的强化壳体充填满，形成支撑体前体；
6）、在所述支撑体前体的至少一个表面开设所述的卡接槽；
所述的主流道、侧流道、共挤流道彼此独立设置；
所述的保压芯体设置在强化壳体内，所述的保压芯体的两个相对的表面和强化壳体之间均设置有所述的带状的定形部件；且所述保压芯体与所述强化壳体之间具有预成型的发泡空间。
本发明上述技术方案中，所述的发泡剂既包含化学发泡剂，如以物料的形式添加到第一树脂原料中；也包含物理发泡剂，如不在原料中添加，而是通入超临界二氧化碳流体，使之与第一树脂在挤出机内部混匀。
基于现有技术，在支撑体本体上设置一强化壳体是容易实现的。但是，若要在强化壳体与支撑体本体之间设置所述的定形部件就变得非常困难。
按照一般的理解，在共挤模具上开设一个用于输入所述定形部件的侧流道，然后将该侧流道与主流道汇合，接着再进行共挤包覆所述的支撑体本体，最后从模具模口挤出。发明人曾使用这样的方案进行试验研究，但每次试验都遇到了相同的问题。该问题是所述的侧流道总是发生堵塞，并且支撑体发泡不均匀，难以达到预期的效果。发明人分析上述问题后，认为：主流道内部具有很大的压强，一旦定形部件流道与主流道连通，主流道内的压强就会顺着定形部件流道逆向释放，自然而然地就将主流道内的物料挤入定形部件流道并进一步发泡，从而堵塞所述的定形部件流道。一旦出现上述问题，一方面使得定形部件的输入变得困难，迫使生产中断；另一方面，在定形部件流道堵塞前生产出来的支撑体，也因为部分物料的流失和提前的泄压，使得物料不能在主流道内均匀地分布，常常出现支撑体中部物料多而两边物料少的情况，而上述情况则会使支撑体的发泡变得不均匀，如中间区域密度较高，两边密度较低。这对于支撑体的物理强度的提供是不利的。
本发明上述技术方案中，通过改变生产方法和对模具的改造，来解决上述问题。主要表现在以下方面：在模具上，1、主流道于整个模具内保压设计；2、增设共挤流道；3、定形部件流道、共挤流道跟主流道各自独立，并且在模具出料板的端口进行汇合；4、模具出口安装定型模；在方法上，摒弃以往从模具出口就形成复合板材的构思，引入强化壳体，使得物料在模具出口部汇合时，虽然没有实现复合，但是实现复合需要的自动组坯，然后进入定型模中进行复合。定型模提供两个作用，帮助模坯实现成型，实现板材的定型。
作为优选，本发明的定形部件是通过以下方法制备的：
S1、将由连续性玻璃丝线制成的网格布从第二模具的封口一端通入第二模具，然后从第二模具的模口一端牵出，维持所述网格布呈绷直状态；
S2、将树脂用挤出机熔融挤出，从设置在第二模具侧部的物料入口进入第二模具的主流道；使熔融的树脂与绷直状态的网格布在主流道内相遇；然后，将树脂连同所述的网格布从所述第二模具的模口一端挤出，制得所述的定形部件。
作为优选，制作所述定形部件的模具如下：
所述的第二模具，主流道一端为模具的模口，另一端封口，模具的进料口设置在模具的侧部；模具的封口一端设置有允许网格布通入而限制主流道内熔融态树脂流出的通丝部件。
进一步地优选，所述通丝部件具有两端，一端为尖端，设置在所述第二模具的模腔内；另一端为尾端，设置在第二模具的封口一端的端盖上；所述尖端和尾端之间形成有允许所述网格布通入的通道。
作为优选，所述的共挤模具，包括主模和定型模；
所述主模由包含模具进料板、流道形成板、模具出料板在内的多个模具板对接而成；所述主模设有主流道、定形部件流道和共挤流道，所述的主流道、定形部件流道和共挤流道在主模内彼此独立；所述的定形部件流道包括分布于主流道两侧的第一通道和第二通道，所述的第一通道和第二通道在模具出料板形成位于主流道出料口两侧的第一出料口和第二出料口；所述的共挤流道在模具出料板形成表层出料口，所述的表层出料口为矩形环结构并套设在所述的主流道出料口周围，并且所述的第一出料口和第二出料口设置在主流道出料口与表层出料口之间。
 有益效果
综上所述，本发明具有以下有益效果：
1、本发明通过将支撑体的材料替换成热塑性的聚烯烃，使得支撑体相对于现有技术在成本上得到显著降低，在强度上得到提高；
2、本发明将支撑体的材料替换成热塑性的聚烯烃后，在支撑体和防滑体之间设置了配合结构，使防滑体牢固地卡接在所述的支撑体上，从而使得本发明同时发挥了热塑性的支撑体和弹性的防滑体的优势，使板材具有抗压强度高、表面接触性好的优点；
3、本发明通过在支撑体内部设置定形部件，显著地提高了板材抵抗热收缩的能力；
4、本发明提供了支撑体和防滑体复合的方法，基于此法能够使防滑体更好地包覆所述的支撑体；
5、本发明还提供了在支撑体内部植入所述定形部件的方法，解决了在支撑体内部植入连续型带状材料的难题。
 附图说明
图1是本发明实施例一的结构示意图；
图2是图1中A区的放大图；
图3是本发明实施例一中用于制备所述支撑体的模具结构示意图；
图4是本发明实施例一中用于制备定形部件的模具的结构示意图；
图5是对比例二的结构示意图；
附图标记如下：
10-主流道，20-定形部件流道，21-第一通道，22-第二通道，30-共挤流道，31-表层出料口；50-第二模具的进料口，60-通丝部件；100-防滑体，101-卡接件，200-支撑体，201-支撑体本体，202-强化壳体，203-卡接槽，204-定形部件，211-第一出料口，221-第二出料口；2031-限位部件。
 本发明的实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明进行进一步的解释说明。
本具体实施方式仅仅是对本发明的解释，并不是对本发明的限制，本领域技术人员在阅读了本发明的说明书之后所做的任何改变只要在权利要求书的范围内，都将受到专利法的保护。
实施例一
如图1~2所示，具有防滑功能的板材，包括硬质的支撑体200和卡接在所述支撑体200表面的防滑体100。
所述防滑体100具有一个形成所述板材使用面的面状体，面状体向支撑体200方向延伸形成卡接件101。
所述支撑体200上具有与所述卡接件101配合的卡接槽203；所述的卡接槽203内具有两个限制所述卡接件101远离支撑体方向脱离所述卡接槽203的限位部件2031，所述卡接槽203延板材长度方向平行开设成为长条状，卡接件101延板材长度方向平行开设成为长条形，两者可以延开设方向完全移除。
所述支撑体200包括支撑体本体201、设在本体内用以防止所述支撑体本体201变形的两个定形部件204、以及一个包裹在所述支撑体本体201外并与之一体连接的强化壳体202；所述强化壳体202的厚度为4.0mm。
所述支撑体本体201为立方体结构，具有上下两个表面，上下两个表面均具有四个边缘角部。
所述的两个定形部件204，呈带状；一个连接所述支撑体本体201的上表面的四个边缘角部，另外一个连接所述支撑体本体201的下表面的四个边缘角部。
所述的定形部件204包括用于防止所述支撑体本体201在受热时收缩的骨架，和包覆所述骨架并用于连接所述骨架和支撑体本体的连接体；所述定形部件的厚度为2.0mm。
所述的骨架为连续型玻璃长丝织成的网格布，所述连接体为ABS树脂。
所述支撑体本体201由热塑性材料PVC经发泡制备而成，所述的防滑体201由弹性体材料PU制备而成。
上述具有防滑功能的板材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
a、将形成防滑体100的液态原料倒入铸模；所述液态原料由下列物质形成：聚醚多元醇2200g、滑石粉15g、异氰酸酯600g、固化剂4g；
b、制造所述支撑体并将支撑体以卡接槽朝下的方式放入所述的铸模，使得所述支撑体悬浮于所述的液态原料；
c、对所述支撑体施加一个压力，使其于液态原料中下沉，使得所述液态原料进入支撑体的卡接槽内；
d、合模并保持所述的压力，使所述的液态原料固化。
上述支撑体的制备方法如下：
1）、将PVC树脂100kg、碳酸钙50kg、丙烯酸酯类调节剂10kg、钙锌稳定剂5kg、AC发泡剂1kg，在高速混合机中混合15分钟，混合温度120℃，之后放入冷混机中冷却至30℃，输入到主挤出机中，由所述主挤出机将之从主流道挤出，形成保压芯体；
2）、将两个定形部件204分别从位于共挤模具两个侧面的两个定形部件流道输入；
3）、将PVC树脂100kg、碳酸钙50kg、硬脂酸0.5kg、钙锌稳定剂5kg，在高速混合机中混合15分钟，混合温度120℃，之后放入冷混机中冷却至30℃，再通过辅挤出机从共挤模具的共挤流道喂入，从共挤模具的出口挤出，得到截面为框型的强化壳体202；
4）、保压芯体、定形部件204和强化壳体202从各自流道挤出后，三者成模坯；
5）、将所述模坯通入到定型模中，于定型模内使保压芯体在受所述定型模内壁约束的强化壳体中进行发泡，将所述的强化壳体充填满，形成支撑体前体；
6）、在所述支撑体前体的上表面和两个侧表面开设所述的卡接槽203；
所述的保压芯体设置在强化壳体202内，所述的保压芯体的两个相对的表面和强化壳体之间均设置有所述的带状的定形部件204；且所述保压芯体与所述强化壳体202之间具有预成型的发泡空间。
用于制备上述支撑体的模具，即所述的共挤模具，包括主模和定型模，主模如图3所示，所述主模由包含模具进料板、流道形成板、模具出料板在内的多个模具板对接而成；所述主模设有主流道10、定形部件流道20和共挤流道30，所述的主流道10、定形部件流道20和共挤流道30在主模内彼此独立；所述的定形部件流道20包括分布于主流道10两侧的第一通道21和第二通道22，所述的第一通道21和第二通道22在模具出料板形成位于主流道出料口11两侧的第一出料口211和第二出料口221；所述的共挤流道30在模具出料板形成表层出料口31，所述的表层出料口31为矩形环结构并套设在所述的主流道出料口11周围，并且所述的第一出料口211和第二出料口221设置在主流道出料口11与表层出料口31之间。
上述的定形部件204是通过以下方法制备的：
S1、将由玻璃丝线制成的网格布从第二模具的封口一端通入第二模具，然后从第二模具的模口一端牵出，维持所述网格布呈绷直状态；
S2、将树脂用挤出机熔融挤出，从设置在第二模具侧部的物料入口进入第二模具的主流道；使熔融的树脂与绷直状态的网格布在主流道内相遇；然后，将ABS树脂连同所述的网格布从所述第二模具的模口一端挤出，制得所述的定形部件。
该网格布为带状，在覆盖了ABS以后形成刚性的薄片状板材。
所述的第二模具，如图4所示，主流道一端为模具的模口，模口是扁平的；另一端封口，模具的进料口50设置在模具的侧部；模具的封口一端设置有允许网格布通入而限制主流道内熔融态树脂流出的通丝部件60。所述通丝部件具有两端，一端为尖端，设置在所述第二模具的模腔内，另一端为尾端，设置在第二模具的封口一端的端盖上；所述尖端和尾端之间形成有允许网格布通入的通道。
对比例一
依据GB2445714B，制备得到一种板材。该板材的支撑体为纤维增强的硬质发泡聚氨酯。该板材的防滑体为聚氨酯弹性体。
对比例二
如图5所示，具有弹性表面的热塑性地板，包括硬质的支撑体200和卡接在所述支撑体200表面的防滑体100。
所述防滑体100具有一个形成所述板材使用面的面状体，面状体向支撑体200方向延伸形成卡接件101。
所述支撑体200上具有与所述卡接件101配合的卡接槽203；所述的卡接槽203内具有两个限制所述卡接件脱离所述卡接槽的限位部件。
所述支撑体200包括支撑体本体201、以及一个包裹在所述支撑体本体201外并与之不采用可剥离方式连接的强化壳体202；所述强化壳体的厚度为4.0mm。
所述支撑体本体201由热塑性材料PVC经发泡制备而成，所述的防滑体201由弹性体材料PU制备而成。
上述具有弹性表面的热塑性地板的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
a、将形成防滑体100的液态原料倒入铸模；所述液态原料由下列物质形成：聚醚多元醇2200g、滑石粉15g、异氰酸酯600g、固化剂4g；
b、制造所述支撑体并将支撑体以卡接槽朝下的方式放入所述的铸模，使得所述支撑体悬浮于所述的液态原料；
c、对所述支撑体施加一个压力，使其于液态原料中下沉，使得所述液态原料进入支撑体的卡接槽内；
d、合模并保持所述的压力，使所述的液态原料固化。
本对比例二支撑体200的制备方法如下：
1）、将PVC树脂100kg、碳酸钙50kg、丙烯酸类调节剂10kg、钙锌稳定剂5kg、AC发泡剂1kg，在高速混合机中混合15分钟，混合温度120℃，之后放入冷混机中冷却至30℃，输入到主挤出机中，由所述主挤出机将之从主流道挤出，形成支撑体本体；
2）、将PVC树脂100kg、碳酸钙50kg、硬脂酸0.5kg、钙锌稳定剂5kg，在高速混合机中混合15分钟，混合温度120℃，之后放入冷混机中冷却至30℃，输入到辅助挤出机中，由所述辅助挤出机将之从共挤流道挤出，包覆所述的支撑体本体，制得本对比例二的支撑体200。
依照EN 479-2018和ISO1139-2-1999的相关内容对实施例一、对比例一和对比例二的产品进行试验，测试其热收缩和线性膨胀系数，得到结果如下表所示。
Figure dest_path_image001

Claims (9)

  1. 具有防滑功能的板材，其特征在于：包括硬质的支撑体和可移除地卡接在所述支撑体上的防滑体；
    所述防滑体具有一个形成所述板材使用面的面状体，面状体向支撑体方向延伸形成卡接件；
    所述支撑体上具有与所述卡接件配合并可相互移除的卡接槽；所述的卡接槽内具有至少一个限制所述卡接件向其延伸的反方向脱离所述卡接槽的限位部件；
    所述支撑体包括支撑体本体以及设在支撑体本体内用以防止所述支撑体本体变形的定形部件；所述支撑体本体为立方体结构，其具有至少八个边缘角部，所述的定形部件同时连接所述八个边缘角部中的至少三个；
    所述的支撑体本体由热塑性材料制备而成，所述的防滑体由弹性体材料制备而成。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的具有防滑功能的板材，其特征在于：所述支撑体还包括一个包裹在所述支撑体本体外并与之不采用可剥离方式连接的强化壳体；所述强化壳体的厚度为1.0~10.0mm。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的具有防滑功能的板材，其特征在于：所述的定形部件包括用于防止所述的支撑体本体在受热时收缩的骨架，和包覆所述骨架并用于连接所述骨架和支撑体本体的连接体；所述定形部件的厚度为0.5~5.0mm。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的具有防滑功能的板材，其特征在于：所述的骨架为带状的钢网、连续型玻璃丝网格布或者板状的钢板、木板，所述连接体为ABS树脂。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的具有防滑功能的板材，其特征在于：所述的定形部件呈带状，具有至少两个，且至少分别连接所述支撑体本体的两个侧面的各自三个边缘角部。
  6. 权利要求1~5任一项所述的具有防滑功能的板材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
    a、将弹性体的液态原料倒入铸模；
    b、制造所述支撑体并将支撑体以卡接槽朝下的方式放入所述的铸模，使得所述支撑体飘浮或悬浮于所述的液态原料；
    c、对所述支撑体施加一个压力，使其于液态原料中下沉，使得所述液态原料进入支撑体的卡接槽内；
    d、合模并保持所述的压力，使所述的液态原料固化。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于：制造所述支撑体的方法包括以下步骤：
    1）、将包含第一树脂和发泡剂的第一原料经充分混合后输入到主挤出机中，由所述主挤出机将所述第一原料挤入共挤模具的主流道中，形成保压芯体；
    2）、将两个带状的定形部件分别从共挤模具的两个侧流道通入；
    3）、将包含第二树脂的第二原料通过辅挤出机从共挤模具的共挤流道喂入，从模具的出口挤出，得到截面为框型的强化壳体；
    4）、保压芯体、定形部件和强化壳体从各自流道挤出后，三者成模坯；
    5）、将所述模坯通入到定型模中，于定型模内使保压芯体在受所述定型模内壁约束的强化壳体中进行发泡，将所述的强化壳体充填满，形成支撑体前体；
    6）、在所述支撑体前体的至少一个表面开设所述的卡接槽；
    所述的主流道、侧流道、共挤流道彼此独立设置；
    所述的保压芯体设置在强化壳体内，所述的保压芯体的两个相对的表面和强化壳体之间均设置有所述的带状的定形部件；且所述保压芯体与所述强化壳体之间具有预成型的发泡空间。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的定形部件通过以下方法制备：
    S1、将由连续性玻璃丝线制成的网格布从第二模具的封口一端通入第二模具，然后从第二模具的模口一端牵出，维持所述网格布呈绷直状态；
    S2、将树脂用挤出机熔融挤出，从设置在第二模具侧部的物料入口进入第二模具的主流道；使熔融的树脂与绷直状态的网格布在主流道内相遇；然后，将树脂连同所述的网格布从所述第二模具的模口一端挤出，制得所述的定形部件。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的共挤模具，包括主模和定型模；
    所述主模由包含模具进料板、流道形成板、模具出料板在内的多个模具板对接而成；所述主模设有主流道（10）、定形部件流道（20）和共挤流道（30），所述的主流道（10）、定形部件流道（20）和共挤流道（30）在主模内彼此独立；所述的定形部件流道（20）包括分布于主流道（10）两侧的第一通道（21）和第二通道（22），所述的第一通道（21）和第二通道（22）在模具出料板形成位于主流道出料口（11）两侧的第一出料口（211）和第二出料口（221）；所述的共挤流道（30）在模具出料板形成表层出料口（31），所述的表层出料口（31）为矩形环结构并套设在所述的主流道出料口（11）周围，并且所述的第一出料口（211）和第二出料口（221）设置在主流道出料口（11）与表层出料口（31）之间。
PCT/CN2021/127798 2021-10-31 2021-10-31 具有防滑功能的板材及其制备方法 WO2023070641A1 (zh)

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