WO2023070175A1

WO2023070175A1 - System and method for elevator installation without scaffold assembly

Info

Publication number: WO2023070175A1
Application number: PCT/BA2021/000009
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jozo PONJAVIĆ
Original assignee: Ponjavic Jozo
Priority date: 2021-10-28
Filing date: 2021-11-05
Publication date: 2023-05-04

Abstract

The present invention relates to a new system and method for assembling elevators without the use of scaffold assembly, which includes the field of elevator assembly for all types of personal elevators, : which is primarily very safe, efficient, fast, accurate, and in which the entire system and method is physically easier in relation to existing state of the art since all installation with the help of Mounting devices can be done by one Installer.

Description

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ELEVATOR INSTALLATION WITHOUT SCAFFOLD ASSEMBLY

Technical field

The present invention relates to the field of installation of elevators without scaffold assembly for all types of personal elevators, regardless of the manufacturer.

According to the international patent classification, the invention is classified as: B66B 5/00, B66I3 7/00.

High competitiveness in the market of passenger elevators has caused a constant improvement in the aesthetics and quality of elevators on the one hand, and on the other hand, a constant reduction in production costs as well as costs in the installation of elevators.

The costs of installing elevators occupy a significant place on the cost and value side, which is why they have been reduced. One of the big issues was: the installation of scaffold assembly, without which, the installation of elevators could not be done. The timber (boards and beams) from which the prefabricated scaffolding is made is disposable and is a consumable 'when installing the elevator. Therefore, the elimination of this large cost issue was approached and a solution was found: the installation of personal elevators without scaffold assembly with the help of various aids that enable the realization of this idea to invention.

Large manufacturers of personal elevators have their own methods for assembling their elevators without scaffold assembly. Two installers are provided for these elevator assembly methods because these methods are very dangerous, complicated and physically very difficult. in a large number of cases, for various reasons, these methods cannot be applied. For then- application, all the necessary technical and safety conditions must, be met, which means that the manholes for the installat ion of personal elevators must be technically properly made, and all the necessary safety measures provided, which is a rarity. The fitters are, for various reasons, forced to ignore various technical and safety precausions, and with various stunts and high, risks to life and health, somehow make the installation. Which means that the current methods are very dangerous, physically difficult, inaccurate, slow, exhausting and not applicable to ail installation shafts. Therefore, these problems should be solved so that the installation of personal elevators is above ah safe, simple, fast, very precise and without much physical effort. This can be achieved by applying the present invention, i. new methods and devices for assembling personal elevators without scaffold assembly.

By this invention. Lt. the new method and assembly devices all the conditions for the installation of personal elevators which can be realized by only one installer have been created: because physical effort is minimized, the installer has all the necessary devices that make it easier to lift and carry loads, and transport heavy materials on site ,.

This means that the utilization of human labor is at the highest level. It also means that the installer has at bis disposal all the necessary devices for simple, fast and very precise installation and in a very safe manner. Preparation for installation takes a very short time.

Prior art

All major manufacturers of personal elevators (Thyssen Krupp, Otis, Schindler, Kone) have their own methods and aids for assembling personal elevators without scaffold assembly and use them exclusively for their needs. As far as is known to date, smaller manufacturers of passenger elevators do not have their own methods and aids for assembling their elevators without scaffold assembly.

Known methods are based on the same principle and take place as follows:

The first step is a security check. All entrances to the mounting shaft are properly secured with all the safety measures. Protective boards at the entrances to the elevator mounting shaft are in many cases improperly made. We find different, types of obstacles at the entrances io the manhole for installation on various construction sites, i.e, some entrances are blocked by pallets, on some by the beams or metal support girders, and on some construction sites wide planks are nailed to the wall, etc, .Mostly they are fixed and cannot be easily removed and put back. (Problem I: if the safety guards at the entrances to the installation shaft. - safety boards, are improperly made, installation cannot begin until this problem is solved, and this can take more than a day, which is a net loss that is commonly not paid).

It is later checked whether the transport hooks are installed in the manhole ceiling and in the correct place (Problem 2: if the transport hooks are not, or Improperly installed in the manhole ceiling, which is often the case, installation without scaffolding, cannot be done).

After this check, the load-bearing capacity of the transport hooks is checked and a safety rope is placed in t he mounting shaft. After that, with the help of various aids, the transport electric crane is placed (mounted) on properly installed transport hooks in the ceiling of the mounting shaft (Problem 3: if it is a normal shaft head or higher than normal, this procedure is very difficult to perform, and present the great danger of falling, and one person cannot do that),

After ibis, with the help of a electric crane, rails and heavy pans of the elevator are brought into the manhole, and the elevator motor is raised to the last or penultimate floor (Problem 4: the process of pulling the engine out of the manbole is very dangerous).

The next step is to check the vertical ity of the mounting shaft with the help of a laser and accordingly install the basic brackets and mils in the pit of the mounting shaft, as well as lasers (Problem 5.: inaccuracy, the higher the shaft - the greater the inaccuracy).

After this, the cab floor is laid. The floor of the cabin is placed on metal beams that can be stretched according to the width of the shaft. Metal beams are placed in their girders and fastened with anchor dowels on the side walls of the manhole (Problem 6: the procedure takes a long time and is possible only and exclusively for concrete manholes, for all other cases it is very difficult and impossible, because the weight of the cabin tears these girders from the wall and threatens to collapse cabins causing, severe injuries to installers).

T his is followed by leveling the cabin floor in ail directions with the help of thin metal tiles. When the cabin floor is leveled, the cab installation is started. With the help of an electric crane, the roof of the cabin is retracted and raised and lowered to the already mounted sides of the cabin. After th.is. the sliders are Installed. Afterwards, the brake pliers are centered, which must be equidistant from the knife rails, maximum 2 mm.

After this, the braking mechanism is mounted, the so-called block-stop, which changes the original braking mechanism because the speed limiter located on top of the rails cannot be installed, ie. in the shaft head. There are different types of block stops. (Problem 7. The procedure for mounting the block stop is very slow and time consuming, so it is not the same for all types of elevators. In some cases it is attached directly to the lever that connects the brake pliers, iu others it is mounted directly onto a special cable intended for this purpose etc.) After this work, the cabin is made of a mounting platform, which is lifted vertically by the electric crane to a certain height. Further installation of brackets at adequate heights in accordance with the installation plan is approached. The position of the consoles is determined with the help of already installed lasers. This is followed by lifting the individual rails one by one and placing them on the lower rail. With the help of a stunt plate and screws, they are clamped together, then fastened to the brackets. The centering of the rafts is done with the help of a laser which is placed on the raised rails at the level of the brackets and a laser jet which must pass through a precisely defined place on the laser laser. This process takes place continuously to the top of the mounting shaft. (Problem 8: very slow and inaccurate, the higher the shaft, the greater the inaccuracy. After the irnstallation of brackets and rails, it is necessary to recheck the accuracy of the installed rails with the help of visors and rubber-ler. Deviations are allowed W- I mm. All this requires a lot of effort and patience to get done everything well and precisely. Depending on the height of the manhole, more than one day can be lost for these repairs).

Alter this, the preparation and installation of the drive motor is approached. (When assembling the engine, I will describe the assembly procedure for elevators without an engine room) The engine mount is installed first. Due to the small space between the installed engine and the manhole ceiling, the engine bracket must be lowered on the rails so that the engine can be mounted on it by means of a manual chain hoist.

The mounted and bolted motor is then Hired and set in place. The rails and consoles return io their intended position. (Problem 9: this procedure of moving rails or brackets should not be done because all this needs to be put back and re-centered which is a lot of time wasted.

Installing the engine should be done constantly on a mounted and fixed engine mount using a lifting device engine).

After the engine is installed, the engine and electrical cabinets are connected to the electrical installation as well as the elevator car, and the engine is started. When the engine is started, the process of retracting the lift cables is started. (Problem 10: As far as is known, there is no mechanism for unwinding elevator traction cables. Traction cables must be unwounded manually, which requires a lot of time and human effort. Depending on the number of stations - height, this work lasts all working day, and with this mechanism it would take several hours).

After the installation of -traction cables and the commissioning of the elevator, further Installation is performed from the cabin driven by the electric motor of the elevator and thus stops the installation of elevators without scaffolding, installation continues through its own elevator drive.

"fhe method of assembling elevators without scaffold assembly for motor-powered elevators and without engine room is described.

Thus, the method for the installation of personal elevators without scaffold assembly in large manufacturers is feasible if all the necessary technical and safety conditions related to the manhole for the installation of elevators are met.

'fhe method is based on the principle of "Bottom Up^!,(Problem .11 : These methods are slow, complicated, imprecise, and physically difficult, which is why safety measures are on the verge of minimal, because installers often neglect some of the safety measures due to various pressures to make the assembly as soon as possible.

This is solved by applying a new method based on the principle of assembly “From top to bottom” and with the application of new aids on the principle "all aids are available to the installer" so that the installation can be done by one installer in the same time and without much effort). In the methods so far, nothing has been done to reduce the physical effort, which is extremely large and exhausting with a lot of walking and carrying various loads up the stairs. (Problem 12: the reduction of physical effort is solved with the help of new special transport cans that are electric i.e. battery powered, which overcomes all obstacles on the construction site and even stairs. A transport beam is available to the installer to lift or transfer loads.

The special efforts that elevator installers encounter on the construction site are lifting and placing heavy loads on transport carts (eg elevator drive motor) Problem 12: lifting and placing loads on transport carts is solved with the help of a transport beam.

Description of the invention

The present invention goal is to improve and enhance known methods to make the installation of personal elevators without scaffold assembly very safe, fast, precise, simple and physically easier. The present invention is solving all the above obstacles and problems in the following manner:

Problem I. (Safety protection against falling from a height. Preventing the entrance to the mounting shaft with prescribed, stable and solid protective boards that can be easily removed and put back in place) The problem is solved with the help of very simple brackets and protective boards (Figure No. I ). The supports of the protective boards are made of sheet metal of adequate thickness, height and wid th, on which the bearings for the boards are made at the prescribed heights from the front.

The girders are placed on the sides at the entrances to the shaft, taking care that the protective board can lit in its bearing and that it is leaning against the wall. It. Is very easy to mount: the girder is placed vertically on the concrete opening, a protective board is placed in the lower bearing, everything is cleared (moved apart) so that the board lies on the wall and fixed with a 6 mm impact dowel. Repeat the procedure for the upper bearing and fasten with a 6 mm impact dowel. One side is set, the other side is set in the same way. Then the protective boards are simply placed in the provided bearings. Protective boards are the same thickness, width and length. They are painted in the prescribed visible colors.lt is envisaged that, together with other aids, they will be delivered to construction sites in adequate numbers.

Problem 2. (Safety protection against failing of various objects from a height). We solve this problem by blocking the entrance to the mounting shaft by means of a protective foil, which is located on the mechanism for drawing in and out (Figure No.2). The protective foil is transparent in color and is reinforced with mesh-distributed solid fibers. In the middle of the extracted foil, there is a properly painted warning sign prohibiting entry into the assembly shaft. The foil mechanism is vety easy to mount, with two 8 mm dowels at the ends, above the entrance to the mounting shaft Handling this mechanism is very simple. At the end of the foil there is a holder across the entire width. We simply take that holder by hand and pull out the foil to the desired position, then attach the holder to the hooks on the support of the protective fence.

We pull it in the opposite way, release the holder from the hook on the support &om the protective fence and gradually loosen it so that, the foil pulls itself Into Its mechanism. In addition to this basic function, the protective foil in the winter can protect the installers fromdrafts: through the shaft.

Problem 3. (Installation - uploading the transport crane) We solve this problem in a very safe way with the help of a special movable bracket for uploading the transport crane. (Picture No.3) It consists of two parts: the lower vertical part in the form of a pipe attached to a metal plate that serves as a support and fixation. A thread with a nut for vertical clamping is made on the upper part of this lower vertical support. The second part is a narrower vertical pipe that enters the lower vertical pipe on which a movable bracket for hanging the crane is placed in the upper part. A metal plate is attached to the top of this upper part, which serves for the upper support and .fixing of both the entire support and the movable support. This special movable carrier is placed in the opening at the entrance to the manhole on the top floor. It is very simple and safe to install because all actions take place from the hallway, in front of the entrance to the installation shaft. The girder is stretched vertically to an adequate height and placed in the middle of the opening at the entrance m the mounting shaft from the corridor. After fixing the bracket, the movable bracket for hanging the electric crane rotates in the space in front of the mount ing shaft from which the installer hooks the electric crane to the movable bracket, then, all by simply pushing info the crane, rotates the bracket together with the crane and brings it to the desired position l.e. working space of the mounting shaft. After this, the movable carrier is fixed to the upper metal plate with the help of screws, which makes it impossible to move the movable carrier. The transport crane is ready for vertical transport.

Problem 4. (Problem, with pulling out the engine on the last floor of the shaft) With the help of an electric transport crane, vertical transport of heavy material is performed. A special problem is with the engine being pulled out on the top floor, as there is a risk of falling from a height. This problem is solved by simply pulling the engine while turning the movable carrier (Figure No.3.) Bringing the engine to the position of the space in front of the mounting shaft. With the help of this support (Picture no. 3), the elevator guides and the counterweight are lifted, and the mounting platform is lifted to the last floor.

The assembly platform (Picture No.4) after assembly on the lowest, floor (manhole pit) is temporarily placed on this floor so that the fence girders are horizontally adjusted to the length of the mounting shaft, so that with the installation of the platform on the last floor the installers whould have least problems and corrections as possible. After the preparation, the platform is lifted to the top floor by an electric crane (mounted on a special movable support Figure No.3). It is easy to set up. The front part of the platform, that is, the stairs lean on the lower part of t he manhole opening (threshold position) and then by lowering the crane the platform leans on the back of the manhole. With the help of an adapter, the leaning of the platform against the wall is adjusted, after which the platform is fixed to the front and rear with concrete dowels. The fence on the platform is raised to the prescribed height, after which the platform is ready for the smooth and safe operation of the installer. The platform, has built-in lighting with which the manhole can be Illuminated immediately after placing the platform on the top floor. There are also several built-in electrical outlets on the platform.

The platform consists of: the front part which, serves as a staircase, the side fixings of the staircase on which there are movable supports for the front pari of the fence (these side anchorages next to this also have the roieof giving sufficient strength to the entire platform), the working space of the platform, the fence and the adapter.

Problem 5. (Checking the vertically of the elevator shaft) This check 1s performed as follows: From the installed mounting platform we measure the width and length of the shaft, then place the first basic brackets (last according to the installation plan) at the position of distance and extension according to plan for mounting. (Figure No. 8.1 and Figure No. 8.2) We place and lower rhe plumblines into the manhole pit on the installed consoles. We write down the exact, distances in ah directions of each plumbllne and then check it all in the shaft pit. By the position of the plumblines we know exactly how much we need to move the base brackets io get the ideal position of the elevator in the existing shaft. After that, in accordance with the position of the visors, we place the lower (first) consoles in the shaft pit. After this, the (first) basic rails are installed in the shaft pit. (Picture no.5) A special transport beam serves as a crane carrier In the mounting shaft.

The beam is placed directly above and between the cabin guides (rails) on the manhole ceiling. It is fixed with concrete dowels that are properly tightened with a torque wrench in. order to avoid additional testing of the load-bearing capacity of this beam. The special transport beam is a reinforced square tube on which reinforcements are made for fastening to the celling from the upper side and reinforcements at the lower part by means of adequate square bars as a guide for moving the transport hook. At the top of the transport hook there are four roller bearings that serve to move ft. After moving the transport hook together with the crane to the desired position, it must be further screwed to the transport beam. Without this attachment, no cargo can be transported. After installing the transport beam, a crane is installed and vertical transport is performed. After that, it is pulled into the shaft and placed under the elevator car. the cabin guides (rails) are raised and then the elevator car is raised vertically. Problem 6. (Procedure tor installing the elevator cabin floor) After installing die basic rails in the shaft pit, the counterweight frame of the elevator is installed In its space, after which the procedure of retracting and installing the elevator car floor is started. First, special supports for the cabin floor are prepared, then the floor of the cabin is refracted and raised, under which special supports are placed, on which the floor is lowered and placed in the guides (rails} of the cabin. The floor is leveled in all directions with the help of adapters on the floor supports. After this step the installation of the elevator cabin is to be continued.

Special elevator floor supports (Figure 6) are two identical assemblies. The girder consists of two vertical load-bearing pillars, which can be stretched to an adequate height which are connected to the horizontal girders. These are two parallel connected square pipes into which smaller pipes are inserted with a mechanism for adjusting the width of the shaft. With the help of this mechanism, these girders are clamped across the width of the manhole, which achieves the reliability and stability of special girders so that they can withstand ths load of the floor, as well as the entire elevator car. They are applicable to all types of mounting shafts. The wall does not have to be a concrete manhole. Adequate metal "U" profile Is placed above the horizontal girders, which can be lifted with the help of screws in order to precisely level the floor of the cabin. These brackets are very easy and quick to install, they are safe and compact.

Problem 7. (Installation of block stop) Before the vertical transport of the elevator cabin by means of an electric crane, it is mandatory to enable the cabin brakes and put them into operation. This is achieved by means of a block stop. Our block stop is a universal mechanism for all types of elevators,

It is easy to install and is very reliable, because every remission of the electric crane immediately put the brake calipers into operation and the cabin is braked at once and fully.

When you want to drive the cabin down, the weight at the end of the brake cable must be raised slightly to release ths lever that connects the brake calipers and thus braking is disabled.

The block-stop (Picture no.7) consists of: a brake cable, which is connected at one end with a ”U” profile, which includes and connects the brake lever on the cab floor. At the bottom of this there is an adequate screw in the *’U“ profile that is very easy to install and tighten so that the brake lever is included and connected. At the other end, the brake cable is connected to a weight of adequate weight, which pulls with its weight and constantly keeps the brake lever raised.

The brake cable is placed on the roof of the cabin in two rolls. The first roll is located vertically above the brake calipers, and the second is located laterally spaced away on the cabin roof just above the weight. The rollers are very easy to mount and dismount on the cabin roof. The tensioning weight is placed in its bearing. The tensioning weight is also connected to another cable that serves to lift it so that the cabin can be driven down.

Problem 8, (Mounting the consoles and centering the elevator rails) (Figure 8.1) shows a single rail with brackets. In this picture, the side red lines (marked no. I) .represent the plumbiine ropes. With the help of these plimblin.es, the verticality of the shaft for this side Is checked at the beginning, and later the ropes are used for positioning the brackets and centering the rail on the knife. The middle red line (marked no.2) represents a plumbline rope and serves for lateral centeringofthe-rail.

(Figure 8.2) shows the rails on foe common brackets. In this picture, the side red lines (marked no. I) represent the plumbiine ropes. With the help of these plumblines, the verticality of foe manhole for this side is checked at the beginning, and later the ropes are used for positioning the brackets and centering the floor rails on the side. These ropes are equidistant from the ends of the bracket, depending on the size of the weight rail knife the distance can be 40 mm or 50mm. On all brackets, the distance must be the same (equal), which means that we center the weight rail on the knife. The ropes are 1 mm away from the brackets whereby the centering of the main rail on the knife is being made. The middle red line (marked no.2) represents a plumbiine rope and serves for the lateral centering of the main rail. All rails using this method must be in the line with plambllnes in all directions.

Thereby, we solve the problem ofcentering the rails in a very simple, precise and fast way, without subsequent corrections and waste of time. When the floor of the cabin is placed in the pit of the shaft and leveled, we perform with the help of electric cranes lifting rails (rails), previously already connected, completely to the ton for each side. We place them on the installed basic guides in the shaft pit and fasten them to each other, and then from the mounting platform we fasten them to the upper brackets. We move the electric crane on foe transport beam and place it in a position vertically above the side on which the rails are raised. Once we have lifted and fastened all the rails to each other and placed and fastened them to the brackets, we approach the job of precisely centering the rails. We do that with the help of a rubber gauge (gummi lehre) and a telescope meter. We center the guide blades with rubber gauge so that they are in position, i.e. they are straight facing each other (so-called knife to knife).

With the help of a telescope meter, we accurately measure the distance between the guide knives (so-called schtich-maB). When this is done, we place special supports for plumblines (marked no. 3) on the cabin guides and lower the plumblines into the shaft pit. With the help of the plumblines we determine the verticality of the cabin guides.

When we get the required position of the cabin guides in the shaft pit, then we put another pair of special brackets for the plumblines on the cabin guides in the shaft pit. We are again performing the procedure of precise centering of foe guides in the pit of the shaft, taking into account the position of' the lowered plumblines. We check with a rubber gauge and a telescope meter. We are fixating the ropes of the plumblines for the carriers so that we can have a constant measure for all further measurements when attaching the rails to the brackets.

The already installed plumblines on the brackets are also fixed, in order to have a constant measure for all further positioning of the brackets. Plumblines mounted on common brackets, aside from the positioning the brackets function, are having the role of precisely centering the weightguides.

In accordance with the installation plan, the procedure is repeated, and with the help of the plumb! Ines, the bracket is positioned and the guides are precisely centered. The same procedure is repeated until the end of mounting the brackets and centering the guides.

Problem 9. (Drive motor installation) The drive motor installation must be feasible for all positions. The drive motor must be mounted on an already mounted and fixed bracket. No risky steps i.e. improvisations are allowed during the installation of the engine, as there is a great danger to the life and health of the installer. Due to various hazardous situations in the installation shaft, this procedure is very time consuming and It is unnecessary for installers to be exposed to dangers and any waste of time. Lifting and assembling the drive motor with the help of our devices is done in a very safe and easy way (Figure no.9). The engine Lifting device consists of two identical assemblies. One assembly consists of: a transport lath (marked no. 1), made of "C” profile, which has reinforcements at its ends for fastening to the ceiling of the shaft.

Fastening is done by means of concrete anchor dowels at their ends, in the same manner the "C” profile is reinforced in several places in the middle, so that the lower part of the ”C" profile dues not bend, and on the other hand, achieving the "C“ profile not to become too heavy. That is, it is reinforced to achieve its strength and stability. The ”C" profile is turned with the opening facing downwards, in order to achieve the mobility of the transport carrier. So. the movable transport carrier (marked no. 2) is located in this ”C” profile, which has at Its ends two parallel roller bearings (marked no. 3) which enable its mobility. At the ends of the movable transport carrier, under the roller bearings, hooks are made for hanging the manual chain hoist (marked no. 4). A. device for holding the drive motor (marked no. 5) is placed on the extended chains of these chain hand cranes. This engine holding device is easy to assemble and disassemble. In the lower part, it grips and clamps the device sideways to the bottom of the engine. Clamping is done by means of a long screw (marked no. 6) which passes through a square tube (marked no. 7), which is a few mm shorter than the width of the bottom of the engine. The sides of this device for holding the engine are made of a strong ”L” profile, which is tightened by means of long screws (which pass through square pipes) so that the complete device is clamped to the engine, i.e. to the bottom of the engine. These square tubes are a few mm shorter than the width of the motor. At each end of this device for holding the engine, there are sprockets bui lt on the "L" profile (marked No. 8) with bearings, under which extended chains of manual chain hoists are passing.

So, die extracted chains over the sprocket (with bearings) are carrying the load and lift the engine. With the help of an electric crane from the hallway, the drive motor is pulled into the mounting shaft, raised to an adequate height, placed in an already prepared device for lifting the engine, afterwards the hook is released from the electric crane so that the engine is set on the device for lifting it.

With chain hand cranes, we raise the device together with the motor to an adequate height, and then by very simple pushing, we bring the motor to its intended position, and lower it to the bracket and fasten it to the bracket with, screws. After tightening the engine, we are loosen these long bolts and remove the square tubes, and then the complete engine lifting device.

Problem .10. (Installation of elevator drive cables) With the help of a device for assembling elevator drive cables, we significantly shorten the time and facilitate the process of assembling drive cables. Human effort is kept to a minimum, and the procedure is very simple. We place the cables on the device for unwinding them, which is located on the roof of the cabin, on the side of the "solitary rail". We pull out all the cables and lower them to the level of the elevator floor,, then pall them through the ropes under the cabin and lift them all together and transfer them over the roof of the cabin. After this we lift the cabin to the last station. After this, we leave the cabin in the brakes, move the electric crane and place it in the free space vertically above the counterweight, then lower the crane hook with which we atach the counterweight and raise it to an adequate height in the shaft head. We pass the cables from the roof of the cabin, one by one, over the engine cable, then under the cable rm the counterweight, and connect it at the -fixed point (weight side). After pulling all the cables and connecting them, to the fixed point, we simply lower the weight frame with an electric crane, the cables are unwound and retracted on the device. When we have lowered the counterweight frame to an adequate height, then we connect the cable to rhe other side fixed point, we load the counterweight with weights and the elevator is ready for its own ride when the electric crane is released and dismantled.

The cable unwinding device (Figure No.10) consists of: a device stand, vertical cable carrier and horizontal carriers with roller bearings.

Problem 11. (Electric transport device - trolley) The problem of transporting heavy material on and off the construction site is a big problem, Installers encounter a variety of obstacles on construction sites and within the construction sites related to the transportation of materials. The physical effort is extremely great and exhausting with a lot of walking and carrying of various loads up the stairs. We minimize these physically exhausting efforts by using our transport device that is able to overcome all obstacles on the construction site. This device can also transport material up stairs. The device is not large in size, nor too heavy and is very mobile. It is easy to operate, as it rests on the ground surface with two parallel wheels. The device is battery powered.

The electric transport device (Figure no.1 1 ) consists of: a transport platform, a lever for controlling the device on which the driving controls are located, a driving battery (accumulator), an electric motor, a mechanism for driving wheels (gears and sprockets) and driving wheels. There is a gearbox between the electric motor and the drive wheels. There is one pair of two rubber (air) wheels on each side of the device. On each side, one- rubber wheel (lower level) is constantly on the ground and the other (upper level) Is constantly raised off the ground and is level on the front of the transport platform. This means that the second pair of transport wheels (at the lower level) is located on the back of the transport device. Each of these pairs of rubber wheels is covered by a larger tire of adequate width (some adequate tire from a larger motorcycle). T his tire is mounted on inflated rubber wheels. By inflating the rubber wheels, the outer tire (from a motorcycle) will firmly embrace these wheels and make them one moving unit, that is, turn them into one farm of caterpil lar.

1'he space between the rubber wheels is tilled with roller adapters so that, the outer tire of a motorcycle has the same strength on the underside. 'The drive wheels are connected to the electric motor by means of an adequate reducer.

The front wheels are connected, by means of a gear chain. The gears must be the same circumference as the pi tch of each step on the step gear. Also the wheels must be the same size and width. The drive motor is located at the rear below the transport platform and the battery (accumulator) at; the front, below the tmnsport platform;

The device control lever is connected on one of the front sides, laterally at the level of the transport platform (optional). The material to be transported must be clamped to the transport platform with the prescribed clamps.

The electric transport device -■ trolley, can be used in various fields and can be placed on the market as a standalone product. Likewise, this technical solution with wheels connected io an outer tire (which makes a kind of caterpillar) can find application in the automotive industry, the militaiy industry and in many other industries.

Problem No. 12 (transport beam) The problem of lifting and placing heavy loads on transport trolley is solved with the help of a transport beam (Figure No. 12). The transport beam consists of: T" profile in ths form of a beam and a movable mechanism with a hook for hooking a manual chain hoist.

The T" profile In the form of a beam is made of two metal plates of adequate length which are connected into one whole by round adequate pipes from the top and bottom by welding. The cross-section of this unit looks in the shape of a capital letter ^!T”. A movable mechanism with a hook on which a manual chain hoist is attached is placed on this beam. At the ends of this 'T‘ profile, bearings are welded into which vertical supports are placed. For this purpose, we will use vertical girders from the set. of special girders for laying the cabin floor. With the help of these vertical girders, we will raise the transport beam with the movable mechanism to an adequate height above the desired lifting load. Onto the moving mechanism we will attach a manual chain crane and lift some heavy load and pail the transport trolley under which we put this load. W ith the help of the transport beam, we can transport heavy loads across canals andvarious other obstacles on the construction site.

List of used labels

1 . Bracket- and; protective boards

2. Mechanism for pulling in and pulling out the protective toil

.3. Installation device - hoisting the transport crane

4. Mounting platform

5. Supporting transport, beam in the mounting shaft

6. Special brackets for laying and leveling the elevator cabin floor

7. Block stop

8.1 Mounting brackets and centering the “solitary” rail

8.2. Mounting brackets and centering rails on common brackets

9. Drive motor lifting device

10. Device for mounting and unwinding elevator drive cables

11. ft leetric transport device - trolley

12. Transport beam for lifting and placing heavy loads on transport trolley

Claims

Patent claims

J . System for elevator installation without scaffold assembly, consisting of: brackets and safety protection boards at the entrances to the mounting shaft (1), safety protective foils with retractable and retractable mechanism (2), special movable support for initial installation - hoisting of the transport crane (3), construction for the mounting platform (4,1), mounting platform (4,2), supporting transport beam in the mounting shaft (5), special brackets for installing and leveling the elevator cabin floor (6), block stop (7), engine lifting device assemblies and devices (9), device for mounting and unwinding elevator drive cables (10), electric transport device - trolley ( I I ) and transport beam ( 12).

2. Method for assembling elevators without scaffold assembly, consisting of the following steps: taking all necessary safety measures and actions related to achieving the protection against failing from a height into the manhole for the installation of elevators, and this is done by properly securing the entrances to the manhole with the prescribed, stable and solid protective boards that can be easily removed and rebuilt to its place provided that the girders are placed on the sides at the entrances to the shaft, taking care that the protective board can fit. in Its bearing and that it rests on the wall, where the girders are fixed with 6,mm Impact dowels, and the protective boards are simply placed in the intended bearings of the same thickness, width and length, painted in the conspicuous colors; safety protection against falling of various objects from a height Is achieved by blocking the entrance to the mounting shaft by means of a protective foil, which is located on the mechanism for retraction and extraction, which is transparent in color and reinforced with mesh solid fibers, in the middle of the extracted foil there is a properly painted warning sign prohibiting the entrance to the mounting shaft, which is mounted with two 8 mm dowels at the ends, above the entrance to the mounting shaft, and handling this mechanism is done in such a way that at the end of the toil along the entire width where we lake the holder by hand and pull the foil to the desired position, then attach the holder to the hooks on the support of the guard fence, and pull it in the opposite way, release the holder from the hook on the support of the guardrail and gradually loosen so that the foil pulls itself into its mechanism, in addition, achieving the protection for installers from drafts through the shaft; installation ■■ uploading the transport crane is achieved with the help of a special movable bracket for uploading the transport crane, which consists of two parts: the lower vertical part in the form of a pipe attached to a metal plate for support and fixing, while the upper part of this lower vertical support is a thread with a. nut for vertical clamping, and where the second part is a narrower vertical tube entering the lower vertical tube on which a movable crane mounting bracket is mounted in the upper part and where a metal plate is attached to the upper support tor the upper support, and fixing both the entire girder and the movable girder, which, is placed in the opening at the entrance to the manhole on the top floor, whereby the girder is stretched vertically to an adequate height and placed in the middle of the opening at the entrance to the mounting shaft, and with the help of a concrete dowels the girder is clamped vertically in the opening, the movable bracket for hanging the electric crane rotates in the space in front of the mounting shaft from which the installer attaches the electric crane to the movable bracket, then, all by simply pushing into the crane, the bracket is turned together with the crane and brought to the desired position, into the working space of the mounting shaft, and after this the movable carrier is fixed to the upper metal plate by means of screws, thus preventing the movement of the movable carrier which makes the transport crane ready for vertical transport; pulling out the engine on the last floor of the shaft is achieved with the help of an electric transport crane which is hanged on a movable support as well as all vertical transport of heavy material, the lifted engine on the last floor is simply tamed making a turn of the movable carrier, bringing the engine to the position of the space in front of the mounting shaft, afterwards the mounting platform is lifted to the last floor, after assembly on the lowest floor (manhole ph), it is temporarily placed on this floor so that the fence supports can be horizontally adjusted to the length of the mounting shaft, so that with the installation of the platform on the last floor less we avoid problems and corrections, where after the preparation, the platform is lifted by an electric crane (mounted on a special movable carrier) to the rear floor, so that the front of the platform, ie, the stairs rest, on the lower part of the manhole (threshold position) and then by loosening the crane, the platform rests on the back of the shaft, and with the help of an adapter it adjusts leaning the platform against the wall, after which the platform is fixed at the front and rear with concrete dowels, then the fence on the platform is raised to the prescribed height, after which the platform is ready for smooth and safe operation by the installer, and the built-in illumination on the platform is switched on illuminating the manhole immediately after the installation, where several built-in electrical sockets on the platform are provided, -and where the mounting platform consists oft a front part that serves as a front support and a staircase, side fastenings of stairs on which there are movable supports for the front part of the fence, workspace platform, fence and adapters;

Verification of the vertically of the elevator mounting sha ft is achieved by measuring the width and length of the shaft from the installed mounting platform, after which the first basic brackets (last according to the installation plan) are placed at the position of distance according to the installation plan, and onto placed consoles we place and lower the plumbiines into the pit of the manhole and record the exact distances in all directions of each plumbline and then check it ail in the pit of the manhole, and by the position oft.be plumbiines we know exactly how much we need to move the base consoles to get the ideal elevator position in the existing manhole, and after that, according to the position of the plumblines, we place the lower (first) brackets in the shaft pit, after this the (first) basic rails are placed in the shaft pit, after this a special transport beam is installed which serves as a crane carrier in the mounting shaft, it is positioned above and between the cabin guides (rails) on the manhole ceiling, it is further fixed with concrete dowels which are properly tightened (with torque wrench) to avoid -further testing the load-bearing capacity of this beam, where a special transport beam is a reinforced square tube on which reinforcements are made for its attachment to the ceiling .from the top, and from the bottom are welded reinforcements of adequate square tubes, which serve as a guide of the transport hook to which the transport crane is attached, there are four roller bearings on the upper part of the transport hook which are used to move it, after moving the transport hook together with the crane to the desired position, it must be fastened with screws to the transport beam in order to be ready for vertical transport of cargo, then this transport crane is pulled into the shaft and placed under the elevator car (the transport hook is then fixed in the middie of the special transport beam), the transport hook is moved together with the crane and fastened to the side above so that the already vertically mounted rails can be lifted and placed in its position and then the elevator cabins are vertically lifted from which the brackets montage is done onto which the rails are centered are mounted; the procedure of installing the elevator cabin floor is achieved by preparing special cabin floor supports and placing them in position and height in the shaft pit and then pulling them in and lowering on the prepared special supports and the cabin is being mounted, the floor of the. cabin is placed in the installed base rails in the manhole pit, the floor is leveled in all directions with the help of adapters on the floor supports, followed by the continuation of the installation of the elevator car, special floor carriers are two identical assemblies consisting of t wo vertical load-bearing pillars, which can be stretched to adequate height and which are connected to horizontal girders, these are two parallel connected square pipes into which smaller pipes are inserted with a mechanism tor adjusting the width of the shaft and with the help of this mechanism these girders are clamped across the width of the shaft, thus achieving reliability and stability of special girders cappable to bear the load of the floor as well as the whole elevator car, and where above the horizontal girders an adequate ”U" metal profile is placed which can Oe lifted with the help of screws in order to precisely level the floor of the cabin; the installation of the block stop is achieved in such a way that before the vertical transport of the elevator cabin by means of an electric crane, the cabin brake must be enabled and put into operation, and when the cabin is intended to be driven down, the weight at the end of the brake cable must be slightly raised in order to release the lever that connects the brake pliers and thus the braking is disabled, whereby the block-stop consists of: a brake cable, which is connected at one end with a profile, which includes and connects the brake lever on th.e cab floor, and at the botom of this there is an adequate screw in the "U" profile which is very easy to install and tighten so that the brake lever is gripped and connected, and where the brake cable at the other end is connected to an adequate weight, which pulls and keeps the brake lever raised and the brake cable is placed on the cabin roof in two rolls, the first roll is located vertically above the brake calipers, and the second is located laterally offset on the cabin roof just above the weight, and where the rollers are very easily mounted and dismounted on the cabin roof, and the tensioning weight is placed in its bearing, provided that the tensioning weight is also connected to another cable which serves to lift it so that the cabin can be driven downwards; installation of brackets and centering of elevator guides is achieved with the help of plumbllnss, rubber gauge and telescope meter for precise measurement between rails, the .figure (8.1) displays the procedure o f centering the solitary rail, where with the help of two external plumblines immediately at the start the verticality of the shaft is checked for this side, and later these ropes are used to position other brackets, the position of these ropes determines the exact distance of the brackets from the wall, which vertically centers this rail on its knife and the centering of the rail on the side is done with a third plumbline for the lateral centering of this rail, and the figure (8.2) displays the procedure of centering the rails on the common brackets, where with the help of two external plimblines immediately the verticality of the shaft for this side is being checked, afterwhich these ropes are used to position other common brackets, the position of these ropes determines the exact distance of the common brackets from the walk which makes the vertical centering of the cabin rail along its knife on one side and on the other with the help of these ropes lateral centering of the weight rails on their sides is performed, these side ropes are placed at the exact distance from the ends of the bracket (40mm or 50mm depending on the size of the weight rails) for the reason that the centering of the weight rails is being made on their knife, and the centering of the cabin rail on the side is done with the help of the third plumbline and where the rope of the third plumbiine is used for lateral centering o f this rail, all ropes are 1 mm away from the brackets, and using this method the process of mounting and centering the rails takes place in such a manner that, when the floor of the cabin is placed in the pit of the shaft and leveled, with the help of electric crane the guides (rails) are lifted, previously already connected, completely to the top for each side, and they are being placed on the installed basic guides in the shaft pit and fastened to each other, and then from the mounting platform they are fastened to the upper brackets, and we move the electric crane on the transport beam and place it in a position vertically above the side on which the rails are raised, and when we have li fted and fastened all the rails to each other and placed them and fastened them to the brackets, we approach the job of precisely centering the guides with rubber gauge and telescope meter, where we center the guide knives with rubber gauges, so that they are imposition, ie. that they are straight facing each other (so-called knife-to-knife), with the help of a telescope meter we precisely measure the distance between the guide knives (so-called schticb-maB) and when this is done we place special brackets for the plumblines on the cabin guides and we lower the plumblines into the manhole pit, whereby the verticality of the cabin guides is being determined. and when we get the required position of the cabin guides in the pit of the manhole pit then we put another pair of special brackets tor plumblines on the cabin guides in the manhole pit, then again perform the procedure of precise centering of guides in the pit of the plumblines taking into account the position of the lowered plumblines using the check with rubber gauges and. a telescope meter, and the ropes of the plumbline brackets are fixed so that we can have a constant measure for all farther measurements when attaching the guides to the brackets, and the already installed plumblines on the brackets are also fixed to have a constant measure for all further positioning oft.be consoles, and where the plumblines placed on. the common consoles in addition to the positioning of the consoles have the task of precise centering of the weight guides, in accordance with the assembly plan, the procedure is repeated, and with the help of plumblines the bracket is being positioned and the guides are precisely centered, and the same procedure is repeated until the end of mounting brackets and centering guides; assembly of the drive motor is achieved in a manner that the drive motor must be mounted on its already mounted and fixed bracket, whereby a device for lifting the motor consisting of two identical assemblies, one assembly consists of: a transport rail made of ’’C profile, which on Its ends bears the reinforcements for fastening to the ceiling of the shaft, and the fastening is done by means of concrete anchor dowels at their ends, and in the same maimer the "C" profile is reinforced in several places in the middle, in order to avoid the bending of the lower pari of the "C” profile, and on the other hand to avoid the ”C" profile to become too heavy, i.e. it is reinforced to achieve its strength and stability, while the ”C" profile is turned with the opening facing down, in order to achieve the mobility of the transport carrier, therefore, the mobile transport carrier is in this ”C” profile, which has at its ends two parallel roller bearings that allow its mobility, and at the ends of the movable transport carrier, under the roller bearings, the hooks for attaching a manual chain hoist are made, a device for holding the drive motor is being placed on the extended chains of these chain hand cranes, which in the lower part encloses and clamps the device laterally to the bottom of the engine, and clamping is done by means of a long screw passing through square tube, which Is a few mm. shorter than the width of the bottom of the engine, and the sides of this device for holding the engine are made of strong "L" profile, which are tightened by long screws (passing through square tubes) so that the complete device Is clamped to the engine or engine bottom, where these square tubes are a few mm shorter than the width of the motor and at each end of this motor holding device there are sprockets with bearings mounted on the ”L” profile, under which the extended chain of manual chain hoists is passing, i.e. the extended chains are carrying the load and lifting the engine over sprockets with bearings, while the drive motor with the help of an electric crane from the hallway is pulled into the mounting shafr, raised to an adequate height, placed in an already prepared device for lifting the engine, then the hook from the electric crane is released to the engine is set on the device for its lifting, then with chain hand cranes we raise the device together with the engine to an adequate height, then with a very simple push, we bring the engine to its intended position, and lower it to its bracket and tighten it to the bracket with screws and after lightening the engine we release these long screws and remove the square tubes, and at the end the complete device for hftirm x.. the em Xr-me; installation of elevator drive cables is achieved with the help of a device for mounting elevator drive cables, in which we place the cables on the device for unwinding them, which is located on the roof of the cabin and on the "solitary rail" side, all cables are pulled out and lowered to floor level, then we pull them through the ropes under the cabin and lift them all together and transfer them over the roof of the cabin, after this we lift the cabin to the rear station and then leave the cabin in the brakes, move the electric crane and place it in free space vertically above the counterweight, then lower the crane hook by which we attach the counterweight and raise it to an adequate height in the shaft head, pull the cables from the cab roof, one by one, over the engine cable, then under the cable on the counterweight and connect it at a fixed point (weight side), and after all cables are pulled and connections in the fixed point, we simply lower the weight frame with an electric crane, the cables on the device are unwounded and retracted, and when we have lowered the counterweight frame to an adequate height, then the cables are connected to the other side at a fixed point, we load with weight the counterweight and the elevator is ready for its own ride when the electric crane is released and dismantled, whereby the cable unwinding device consists of: device stands, vertical cable carrier and horizontal carriers wi th roller bearings; transport of heavy material on the construction site and inside the construction site is achieved by electric transport device - trolley that can transport material up the stairs, and consists of: transport platform, control lever on which the driving controls are located, drive battery (accumulator), electric motor, wheel drive mechanism (gears and sprockets) and drive wheels, between the electric motor and drive wheels there is a reducer, on each side of the device there is a pair of two rubber (air) wheels, and on each side there is a rubber wheel (at the lower level) is constantly on the ground and the other (upper level) which is constantly raised from the ground and is level on the front of the transport platform, which means that the second pair of transport wheels (at the lower level) is on the back of the transport device, and each of the pairs of these rubber wheels is covered with a larger tire of adequate width (some adequate tire from a larger motorcycle), this tire is fitted on blown rubber wheels, and by inflating rubber wheels, the outer tire (from a motorcycle) will firmly embrace these wheels and make them one moving unit, that is, turn them into one form of caterpillar, and the space between the rubber wheels is filled with roller adapters so that the outer tire of a motorcycle has the same strength on the underside, the drive wheels are connected to the electric motor by an adequate reducer, and the front wheels are connected by a chain of gears, and the gears must be the same circumference as the step of each tooth on the gear, also the wheels must be the same size and width, whereby the drive motor is located at the rear below the transport platform and the battery (accumulator) at the front below the transport platform, and the control lever connects on one of the front sides. sideways in level with the transport platfonu (optional), while the material to be transported must be damped to the transport platform with adequate clamps;

The problem of li fting and placing heavy loads on the transport trolley is solved with the help of a transport beam, which consists of: “I” profile in the form of a beam and a movable mechanism with a hook for hooking of a hand chain hoist, where the "I" profile is made in the form of a beam of two metal plates of adequate length which are connected by round adequate pipes on the upper and lower side by welding into one, and the cross section of this whole looks in the form of a capital letter ‘T, where a movable mechanism with a hook to which a manual chain hoist is mounted is mounted on this beam, and at the ends of this "I” profile, bearings are welded in which vertical supports are placed, and for this purpose vertical supports from the set of special supports for installing the cabin floor are used, with the help of these vertical supports we are raising the transport beam with a movable mechanism into adequate height above the desired lifting load, afterwards we are attaching a manual chain hoist to the moving mechanism and lift a heavy load and pull a transport trolley under it to place this load, and with the help of this transport beam we can transfer the load across the canal and various other obstacles on the construction site.