WO2023065914A1 - 一种吸湿装置、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

一种吸湿装置、电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023065914A1
WO2023065914A1 PCT/CN2022/119427 CN2022119427W WO2023065914A1 WO 2023065914 A1 WO2023065914 A1 WO 2023065914A1 CN 2022119427 W CN2022119427 W CN 2022119427W WO 2023065914 A1 WO2023065914 A1 WO 2023065914A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
moisture
layer
battery
absorbing
thermal insulation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/119427
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
廖柏翔
王鹏
谷燕龙
黄嘉玮
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Filing date
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to JP2023550673A priority Critical patent/JP2024507886A/ja
Priority to EP22882525.3A priority patent/EP4268937A1/en
Priority to KR1020237028083A priority patent/KR20230135114A/ko
Publication of WO2023065914A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023065914A1/zh
Priority to US18/233,329 priority patent/US20230395916A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
    • B01D53/261—Drying gases or vapours by adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
    • B01D53/28—Selection of materials for use as drying agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/04—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by at least one layer folded at the edge, e.g. over another layer ; characterised by at least one layer enveloping or enclosing a material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/30—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/245—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/231—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/44—Number of layers variable across the laminate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/08—Closed cell foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/304—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/546—Flexural strength; Flexion stiffness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
    • B32B2307/7242—Non-permeable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
    • B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
    • B32B2457/10—Batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of electrical devices, in particular to a moisture absorbing device, a battery and an electrical device.
  • the battery is the main energy storage device of the electric vehicle. Due to the harsh environment of the battery and insufficient sealing, water vapor will enter the battery, which will reduce the insulation performance of the battery, affect the work of the battery, and reduce the life of the battery. .
  • the present application provides a moisture absorbing device, a battery and an electrical device, which can adjust and solve the problem of back seepage of water absorbed by the moisture absorbing device of the battery, and improve the insulation performance of the battery.
  • the present application provides a hygroscopic device, the hygroscopic device includes a hygroscopic layer, and along the thickness direction of the hygroscopic layer, the hygroscopic layer includes a stacked upper film, a hygroscopic core material and a substrate; wherein, the upper film and the substrate The connection encloses the absorbent core therebetween.
  • the upper membrane is a waterproof and breathable membrane.
  • the water vapor in the battery can enter the hygroscopic layer through the upper film, thereby being absorbed by the hygroscopic core material in the hygroscopic layer, and at the same time, the liquid water formed by the absorption of the hygroscopic core material is not easy to seep out from the upper film. Reduces the risk of water seeping back into the battery from the moisture absorber.
  • the substrate is an air impermeable sealing layer.
  • the moisture in the moisture-absorbing layer will not seep out from the substrate, which improves the sealability of the moisture-absorbing layer and further reduces the risk of water back seepage in the moisture-absorbing device.
  • the upper film and the substrate are connected by hot-melt welding.
  • hot-melt welding at the hot-melt welding connection between the upper film and the lower film, the connection strength of the hot-melt welding can be increased, the sealing performance of the hygroscopic layer can be improved, and the water absorbed by the hygroscopic core material of the hygroscopic layer can be reduced to seep back into the battery risks of.
  • the upper film is laminated with a non-woven fabric.
  • the adhesion ability of the hot-melt film on the upper film can be improved, so that the strength of the hot-melt welding connection when the melting point difference between the upper film material and the substrate material is large, making the hot-melt welding place difficult Cracking, which increases the selectivity of substrates, and the operability of hot-melt welding.
  • the moisture-absorbing core material is one of fiber material, resin material and powder material.
  • the moisture-absorbing core material can repeatedly absorb or release water vapor.
  • water vapor enters the box through the balance valve of the battery and can be absorbed
  • the moisture-absorbing core material is absorbed and stored in it.
  • the liquid water in the moisture-absorbing core material can be released to the outside of the battery through the balance valve in the form of water vapor, restoring the hygroscopic properties of the moisture-absorbing core material. In this way, the moisture absorption of the structure
  • the device can play a role in the battery for a long time and improve the service life of the battery.
  • the moisture absorption layer further includes an air-impermeable waterproof layer, and the air-impermeable waterproof layer is located between the upper film and the moisture-absorbent core material.
  • the air-impermeable waterproof layer is a plastic sheet or closed-cell foam.
  • the airtight and waterproof layer is a plastic sheet or closed-cell foam, it can effectively prevent liquid water from seeping out and reduce production costs.
  • the area of the substrate is S1
  • the area of the upper film is S2
  • the area of the air-impermeable waterproof layer is S3
  • the area of the moisture-absorbing core material is S4, S1 ⁇ S2 ⁇ S3 ⁇ S4.
  • S1 ⁇ S2 ⁇ S3 ⁇ S4 the upper film and the base material can better seal the moisture-absorbing core material in the moisture-absorbing layer and protect the moisture-absorbing core material, while the air-tight protective layer can further prevent the moisture-absorbing core material The liquid water inside seeps out.
  • the moisture-absorbing device further includes a thermal insulation buffer layer, and the thermal insulation buffer layer is connected with the upper film.
  • the thermal insulation buffer layer By setting the thermal insulation buffer layer on the upper film side of the moisture-absorbing layer, the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the battery can be reduced, and the water vapor in the air can be prevented from condensing into condensed water, thereby avoiding the generation of condensed water in the battery, thereby avoiding the risk of battery insulation failure, and at the same time Improve the anti-extrusion performance of the battery, prevent the battery cell and the moisture-absorbing device from being squeezed and damaged, and the structural design of the combination of the thermal insulation buffer layer and the moisture-absorbing layer can improve the space utilization of the battery box and effectively solve the problem of the battery box. Too many questions.
  • the thermal insulation buffer layer includes a first thermal insulation buffer layer, and there is a gap between the moisture absorption layer and the first thermal insulation buffer layer along the circumferential direction of the moisture absorption layer, and water vapor can enter the moisture absorption layer through the gap.
  • the structure can avoid the barrier effect of the thermal insulation buffer layer and the connector between the thermal insulation buffer layer and the moisture absorption layer on water vapor, so that the moisture can be absorbed or released by the moisture absorption core material in the moisture absorption layer, and the moisture absorption performance of the moisture absorption device is improved.
  • the thermal insulation buffer layer includes a second thermal insulation buffer layer, the second thermal insulation buffer layer is provided with grooves, at least part of the moisture absorption layer is located in the grooves, and water vapor can enter the moisture absorption layer through the thermal insulation buffer layer.
  • This structure improves the moisture absorption performance of the moisture absorption device, and because the protruding part of the moisture absorption layer can be accommodated in the groove, the occupied space of the moisture absorption layer is reduced, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the moisture absorption device, and further improves the space utilization in the battery
  • the thermal insulation buffer layer can protect the moisture absorption layer and prevent the upper film from being squeezed and damaged.
  • the substrate is rigid or flexible.
  • the volume is smaller, the preparation is simple, and it can be produced quickly and in large quantities;
  • the connection strength between the upper film and the substrate is higher, and it is not easy to be damaged, so that the moisture-absorbing layer and the thermal insulation buffer. The installation of layers and batteries is also more secure.
  • the substrate is made of rigid material, and the thermal insulation buffer layer and the substrate are connected by connecting pieces. Adopting the bonding connection mode between the thermal insulation buffer layer and the moisture absorption layer can improve the connection strength between the moisture absorption layer and the thermal insulation buffer layer, thereby improving the structural stability of the moisture absorption device.
  • the thermal insulation buffer layer is bonded to the moisture absorption layer.
  • the connection mode of bonding between the thermal insulation buffer layer and the moisture absorption layer has the advantages of simple and convenient preparation, low cost, etc., can reduce manufacturing cost, and is convenient for mass production on an assembly line.
  • the thermal insulation buffer layer is foam.
  • the thermal insulation buffer layer is foam, it can improve the thermal insulation performance and anti-extrusion performance of the battery, further reduce the risk of battery insulation failure, improve the utilization rate of the internal space of the battery box, and save manufacturing costs.
  • the present application provides a battery, which includes the moisture absorbing device in the above embodiment.
  • the present application provides an electric device, which includes the battery in the above embodiment, and the battery is used to provide electric energy for the electric device.
  • the moisture-absorbing core material can absorb the water vapor in the battery to form liquid water, and can prevent the water in the moisture-absorbing core material from seeping out from the periphery of the moisture-absorbing layer, thereby The risk of water rewet in the moisture absorption device is reduced, and the electrical insulation performance of the battery is improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a vehicle in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the hygroscopic layer in some embodiments of the present application in a specific embodiment, wherein the upper film and the substrate are not thermally welded;
  • Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of place A in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a front view of the hygroscopic layer in Fig. 3, wherein the upper film and the substrate are hot-melt welded;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the moisture absorbing device in Fig. 2 in a specific embodiment
  • Fig. 7 is the bottom view of Fig. 6;
  • Figure 8 is an exploded view of the moisture-absorbing layer of some embodiments of the present application in a specific embodiment
  • Fig. 9 is the front view of Fig. 8.
  • Figure 10 is a side view of Figure 8.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal insulation buffer layer in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 12 is a sectional view of another angle of Fig. 11;
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of another specific embodiment of the moisture-absorbing device in Fig. 2 .
  • 1000-vehicle 100-battery; 10-box; 10a-first part; 10b-second part; 20-battery unit; 30-hygroscopic device; 200-controller; 300-motor; 1-hygroscopic layer; 11 -upper film; 12-impermeable waterproof layer; 13-hygroscopic core material; 14-substrate; 2-insulation buffer layer; 21-groove;
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two), similarly, “multiple groups” refers to two or more groups (including two), and “multiple pieces” refers to More than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • a foam mat can be arranged inside the battery, and the foam mat includes a moisture-absorbing pad, which includes a covering layer, a moisture-absorbing layer (fibrous material), an absorbent layer (water-absorbing resin) and a bottom film, and each layer They are combined by thermal bonding, and finally the moisture-absorbing pad is installed on the foam floor mat through magic felt.
  • the moisture-absorbing pad is surrounded by an open structure, and the water absorbed by the moisture-absorbing layer may seep out from the periphery, which will still lead to battery insulation failure and pose a safety hazard.
  • the inventor in order to adjust and solve the problem of back seepage of the water absorbed by the moisture absorption device of the battery, the inventor has designed a moisture absorption device after in-depth research. Between the air-permeable waterproof breathable membrane and the air-impermeable substrate, the water absorbed by the moisture-absorbing core material is prevented from seeping out from the periphery of the moisture-absorbing layer, reducing the risk of water rewet in the moisture-absorbing device and improving the battery life. insulation properties.
  • the moisture absorbing device disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used, but not limited to, in electric devices such as vehicles, ships or aircrafts.
  • a power supply system comprising the electric device such as the moisture absorbing device disclosed in the present application and a battery can be used, which is beneficial to improving the insulation performance of the energy storage device such as the battery, and improving the working performance and service life of the energy storage device such as the battery.
  • the present application provides an electric device using a battery as a power source, which may be, but not limited to, mobile phones, tablets, notebook computers, electric toys, electric tools, battery cars, electric vehicles, ships, spacecraft, and the like.
  • electric toys may include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft may include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • an electric device in some embodiments of the present application is an example of a vehicle 1000 for description.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1000 is provided with a battery 100 , and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may further include a controller 200 and a motor 300 , the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and running the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a battery 100 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a box body 10 , a battery cell 20 and a moisture absorption device 30 , the battery cell 20 is accommodated in the box body 10 , and the moisture absorption device 30 is installed on the inner wall of the box body 10 .
  • the box body 10 is used to provide accommodating space for the battery cells 20 , and the box body 10 may adopt various structures.
  • the box body 10 may include a first part 10a and a second part 10b, the first part 10a and the second part 10b cover each other, the first part 10a and the second part 10b jointly define a of accommodation space.
  • the second part 10b can be a hollow structure with one end open, the first part 10a can be a plate-like structure, and the first part 10a covers the opening side of the second part 10b, so that the first part 10a and the second part 10b jointly define an accommodation space ;
  • the first part 10a and the second part 10b can also be hollow structures with one side opening, and the opening side of the first part 10a covers the opening side of the second part 10b.
  • the box body 10 formed by the first part 10a and the second part 10b may be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, and the like.
  • the battery 100 there may be multiple battery cells 20 , and the multiple battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel.
  • the mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 20 are connected in series and in parallel.
  • a plurality of battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series, in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of a plurality of battery cells 20 is housed in the box 10; of course, the battery 100 can also be a plurality of battery cells 20
  • the battery modules are firstly connected in series or parallel or in combination, and then multiple battery modules are connected in series or in parallel or in combination to form a whole, which is accommodated in the case 10 .
  • each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, but not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 20 may be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes.
  • the battery 100 also includes a hygroscopic device 30, and there may be one or more hygroscopic devices 30.
  • the hygroscopic device 30 may be installed on the inner wall of the box 10 to absorb moisture in the battery 100, prevent liquid water from seeping back, and improve the insulation of the battery 100. performance, to ensure the normal operation of the battery 100, and the moisture absorbing device 30 also has the function of buffering and heat preservation, which can effectively use the space of the box body 10, solve the problem of too many devices in the box body 10 of the battery 100, and improve the heat preservation of the battery module As well as the anti-extrusion performance, further avoiding the generation of condensed water in the battery 100 and preventing the insulation failure of the battery 100 .
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures, for example, the battery 100 may also include a bus component for realizing electrical connection between multiple battery cells 20 .
  • the installation method of the moisture absorbing device 30 may be adhesive backing or connection with connecting parts such as locking and buckling, but it is not limited thereto.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a hygroscopic device 30, the hygroscopic device 30 includes a hygroscopic layer 1, along the thickness direction X of the hygroscopic layer 1, the hygroscopic layer 1 includes an upper film 11 stacked 1.
  • the moisture absorbing device 30 is a device used for humidity adjustment in the battery 100 and can absorb moisture in the battery 100 to ensure that the battery 100 has good electrical insulation performance.
  • the moisture absorption device 30 of the present application adopts a multi-layer structure design, wherein the moisture absorption layer 1 adopts a closed structure design.
  • the hygroscopic layer 1 includes an upper film 11, a hygroscopic core material 13 and a substrate 14 stacked in layers.
  • the core material 13 can absorb the water vapor entering the hygroscopic layer 1 through the upper film 11 and store it or release the water vapor in the dry season to adjust the humidity in the battery 100.
  • the substrate 14 is connected with the upper film 11 to form the hygroscopic layer 1 into a closed structure
  • the hygroscopic core material 13 is enclosed in the hygroscopic layer 1 to prevent the liquid water in the hygroscopic core material 13 from seeping out from the hygroscopic layer 1 .
  • the hygroscopic core material 13 can absorb the water vapor in the battery 100 to form liquid water, and can prevent the water in the hygroscopic core material 13 from seeping out from the periphery of the hygroscopic layer 1, thereby reducing the moisture absorption device.
  • the risk of water rewet within 30 increases the electrical insulation performance of the battery 100 .
  • the upper membrane 11 is a waterproof and breathable membrane.
  • the waterproof and breathable membrane has a uniform microporous structure.
  • This microporous structure allows gaseous water to pass through easily, and at the same time makes it difficult for liquid water to pass through, so as to achieve the waterproof and breathable effect.
  • the material of the waterproof and breathable membrane can be Polymer structural materials such as PTFE or PE, but not limited thereto.
  • the water vapor in the battery 100 can enter the moisture-absorbing layer 1 through the upper film 11, thereby being absorbed by the moisture-absorbing core material 13 in the moisture-absorbing layer 1, and at the same time, the moisture-absorbing core material 13 absorbs the formed liquid water It is not easy to seep out from the upper film 11 , reducing the risk of water in the moisture absorbing device 30 seeping back into the battery 100 .
  • the substrate 14 is an airtight sealing layer.
  • the air-tight sealing layer can prevent water vapor and liquid water from seeping out.
  • the material of the substrate 14 can be plastic materials such as PE, PP, PVC, but not limited thereto.
  • the base material 14 is an airtight sealing layer, the moisture in the moisture absorption layer 1 will not seep out from the base material 14, which improves the sealability of the moisture absorption layer 1 and further reduces the risk of water rewet in the moisture absorption device 30.
  • the upper film 11 and the substrate 14 are connected by heat fusion welding.
  • hot-melt welding is a connection method that connects two objects into a whole through high temperature.
  • the connection strength of the hot-melt welding connection is high, and the welding point is molecularly combined, which is not easy to age, and the connection point is not easy to be damaged. Erosion, good sealing effect, at the same time, this connection method is simple and convenient to operate, and can be produced quickly and in a large number of assembly lines.
  • the upper film 11 and the base material 14 can be hot-melt welded directly by high temperature without adding a hot-melt film; when the material of the upper film 11 and the material of the base 14 are When the melting points differ greatly, hot-melt welding can be carried out by adding a hot-melt film.
  • the material of the upper film 11 is close to the melting point of the material of the substrate 14, and the upper film 11 and the substrate 14 can be thermally welded at the hot-melt welding place 4 directly by high temperature without adding hot-melt Membrane, so the connection strength is higher and the sealing effect is better.
  • connection strength of the hot-melt welding part 4 can be increased, the sealing performance of the hygroscopic layer 1 can be improved, and the absorption of the hygroscopic core material 13 of the hygroscopic layer 1 can be reduced. The risk of water seeping back into the battery 100.
  • the upper film 11 is compounded with non-woven fabric.
  • the scope of use of the substrate 14 is limited.
  • the adhesion of the hot-melt film is not strong, so that the connection strength between the upper film 11 and the substrate 14 is reduced, and the hot-melt weld 4 is easy to crack, resulting in poor sealing effect of the moisture-absorbing layer 1, while the composite non-woven fabric on the upper film 11 can
  • the adhesive ability of the hot-melt film on the upper film 11 is improved to increase the connection strength between the upper film 11 and the substrate 14 .
  • the melting point of the material of the base material 14 and the material of the upper film 11 is quite different, and the heat is increased by the hot-melt welding place 4 of the upper film 11 and the base material 14 compounded with non-woven fabrics.
  • the film is melted so that the upper film 11 and the substrate 14 are thermally melted and welded.
  • the adhesion ability of the hot-melt film on the upper film 11 can be improved, so that the hot-melt welding connection strength when the melting point difference between the material of the upper film 11 and the material of the substrate 14 is relatively large, so that the thermal The fusion joint 4 is not easy to crack, thereby increasing the selectivity of the substrate 14 and the operability of the heat fusion welding.
  • the moisture-absorbing core material 13 is one of fiber material, resin material and powder material.
  • the fiber, resin material or powder hygroscopic materials are all composite structures of various materials, have sufficient microporous structure, strong hygroscopic ability, and can physically (without chemical reaction) Moisture is locked and can absorb water vapor or release water vapor to achieve humidity regulation.
  • the moisture-absorbing core material 13 can also be other composite materials with good moisture absorption and moisture release properties, and is not limited thereto.
  • the moisture-absorbing core material 13 When the moisture-absorbing core material 13 is one of fibers, resin materials or powders, the moisture-absorbing core material 13 can repeatedly absorb or release water vapor. In the wet season, water vapor enters the box body 10 through the balance valve of the battery 100. Inside, it can be absorbed and stored in the moisture-absorbing core material 13. In the dry season, the liquid water in the moisture-absorbing core material 13 can be released to the outside of the battery 100 through the balance valve in the form of water vapor, and the moisture absorption of the moisture-absorbing core material 13 can be restored. In this way, the moisture absorbing device 30 of this structure can play a role in the battery 100 for a long time, thereby improving the service life of the battery 100 .
  • the moisture absorption layer 1 further includes an air-impermeable waterproof layer 12 , as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , the air-impermeable waterproof layer 12 is located between the upper film 11 and the moisture-absorbent core material 13 .
  • the moisture absorbing device 30 of the present application adds an airtight waterproof layer 12 between the upper film 11 and the hygroscopic core material 13, further preventing liquid water from being pressurized Lower exudation absorbent layer1.
  • the air-impermeable waterproof layer 12 is a structure capable of preventing water vapor and liquid water from passing through.
  • the material of the air-impermeable waterproof layer 12 may be plastic sheet or closed-cell foam.
  • both the plastic sheet and the closed-cell foam have the advantages of thinness, lightness, waterproof, vapor-proof, strong resistance to liquid penetration, good insulation, and low cost, and can prevent moisture absorption in the moisture-absorbing core material 13 under pressure.
  • the passage of liquid water further prevents the seepage of liquid water from the hygroscopic layer 1 .
  • due to the hard texture of the plastic sheet and closed-cell foam they have impact resistance and can also play a certain role in cushioning.
  • the size and thickness of the air-impermeable waterproof layer 12 can also be adjusted to meet the compression and air-permeability requirements of the moisture-absorbing device 30 .
  • the air-impermeable waterproof layer 12 may also be other air-impermeable waterproof materials, and is not limited thereto.
  • the airtight and waterproof layer 12 is a plastic sheet or closed-cell foam, it can effectively prevent liquid water from seeping out and reduce production costs.
  • the area of the substrate 14 is S1
  • the area of the upper film 11 is S2
  • the area of the airtight waterproof layer 12 is S3
  • the area of the moisture-absorbing core material 13 is S4, S1 ⁇ S2 ⁇ S3 ⁇ S4.
  • the areas of the upper film 11 , the air-impermeable waterproof layer 12 , the moisture-absorbing core material 13 and the base material 14 of the moisture-absorbing layer 1 are not completely equal.
  • the area S2 of the upper film 11 is the same as the area S1 of the substrate 14
  • the area S3 of the air-impermeable waterproof layer 12 is the same as the area S4 of the moisture-absorbing core material 13
  • the moisture-absorbing core material 13 can be enclosed in the moisture-absorbing layer 1 .
  • the area S2 of the upper film 11 is smaller than the area S2 of the base material 14, the area S3 of the air-tight waterproof layer 12 is the same as the area S4 of the moisture-absorbing core material 13, and the upper film 11 is the same as the area S4 of the bottom material 14.
  • the upper film 11 and the base material 14 can better seal the moisture-absorbing core material 13 in the moisture-absorbing layer 1, and protect the moisture-absorbing core material 13, while the airtight protective layer 12 It is possible to further prevent liquid water in the moisture-absorbing core material 13 from seeping out.
  • the moisture absorbing device 30 further includes a thermal insulation buffer layer 2 , and the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 is connected to the upper film 11 .
  • the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 can maintain the temperature in the battery 100, and has a buffering effect, and the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 is connected with the upper film 11 of the moisture absorption layer 1, so that the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 is combined with the moisture absorption layer 1, so that the The hygroscopic device 30 has the functions of heat preservation, buffering and humidity adjustment.
  • the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 By setting the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 on the upper film 11 side of the hygroscopic layer 1, the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the battery 100 can be reduced, and the water vapor in the air can be prevented from condensing into condensed water, thereby avoiding the generation of condensed water in the battery 100, thereby avoiding the insulation of the battery 100. At the same time, it can improve the anti-extrusion performance of the battery 100, prevent the battery cells 20 and the moisture absorption device 30 of the battery 100 from being squeezed and damaged, and the structural design of the combination of the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 and the moisture absorption layer 1 can improve the performance of the battery.
  • the space utilization rate of the box body 10 is 100, which effectively solves the problem of too many devices in the box body 10 of the battery 100 .
  • the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 is made of foam.
  • the foam there are several cells in the foam and the structure between the cells is complex, so that it is easy to be compressed and deformed when subjected to external force, and it is easy to recover and deform after the external force is removed, which has good cushioning performance and good thermal insulation. hot sex.
  • the foam also has good electrical insulation, so that the layered structure in which the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 is connected to the moisture absorption layer 1 can enable the moisture absorption device 30 to maintain good electrical insulation even if it absorbs a large amount of water vapor in the battery 100.
  • the moisture-absorbing layer 1 can use a moisture-absorbing core material 13 with a large moisture absorption capacity, reduce the usage of the moisture-absorbing core material 13, and further reduce the volume of the moisture-absorbing device 30.
  • open-cell foam or closed-cell foam according to your needs, but it is not limited to this.
  • the cells in the open-cell foam are connected to each other, have higher air permeability, and can allow water vapor to pass through.
  • the open foam will not leak water after being compressed, and the internal water will not be easily lost. It has a good water-stopping and water-retaining function, and can further prevent the generation of condensed water in the battery 100;
  • the closed-cell foam has an independent cell structure, and the internal cells and The cells are separated by a diaphragm and are not connected to each other. They have good steam and water resistance and cannot allow water vapor to pass through.
  • the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 is made of foam, the thermal insulation performance and anti-extrusion performance of the battery 100 can be improved, the risk of insulation failure of the battery 100 can be further reduced, the utilization rate of the internal space of the box 10 of the battery 100 can be improved, and the manufacturing cost can be saved.
  • the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 comprises a first thermal insulation buffer layer, there is a gap 3 between the moisture absorption layer 1 and the first thermal insulation buffer layer along the circumferential direction of the moisture absorption layer 1, and the water vapor Can enter the hygroscopic layer 1 through the gap 3 .
  • the moisture absorbing device 30 in this embodiment is in the middle along the thickness direction X.
  • Convex hot-melt welding part 4 has a thin structure, and the hot-melt welding part 4 is located in the middle of the moisture-absorbing layer 1 along the thickness direction X.
  • the distance between the heat-insulating buffer layer 2 and the moisture-absorbing layer 1 there is a gap 3 along the circumferential direction of the moisture-absorbing layer 1 (that is, there is a gap 3 between the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 and the hot-melt weld 4), so water vapor can pass through the gap 3 and enter the moisture-absorbing layer 1 through the upper film 11 to be absorbed.
  • the core material 13 absorbs, or is released by the moisture-absorbing core material 13 through the gap 3 .
  • This structure can avoid the barrier effect of the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 and the connection between the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 and the moisture absorption layer 1 on water vapor, so that the moisture can be absorbed or released by the moisture absorption core material 13 in the moisture absorption layer 1, and the moisture absorption device is improved. 30 moisture absorption properties.
  • the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 comprises a second thermal insulation buffer layer
  • the second thermal insulation buffer layer is provided with a groove 21, and at least part of the hygroscopic layer 1 is located in the groove 21 , water vapor can enter the hygroscopic layer 1 through the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 .
  • the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 is provided with a groove 21 matched with the hygroscopic layer 1 , and can accommodate the protruding part of the hygroscopic layer 1 into the groove 21 when it is connected with the hygroscopic layer 1 .
  • open foam is used as the thermal insulation buffer layer 2, so that the water vapor in the battery 100 can enter the moisture absorption layer 1 through the thermal insulation buffer layer 2, and the hygroscopic core material 13 absorption or release, thereby further reducing the risk of insulation failure of the battery 100 due to excessive moisture.
  • This structure improves the hygroscopic performance of the hygroscopic device 30, and since the protruding part of the hygroscopic layer 1 can be accommodated in the groove 21, the occupied space of the hygroscopic layer 1 is reduced, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the hygroscopic device 30 and further improves the performance of the hygroscopic device.
  • the utilization rate of space in the battery 100 is high, and the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 can protect the hygroscopic layer 1 and prevent the upper film 11 from being squeezed and damaged.
  • the substrate 14 is a rigid material or a flexible material.
  • the base material 14 when the base material 14 is a rigid material, it can be acrylic plate, plastic sheet, plastic block and other hard materials. At this time, the base material 14 is wear-resistant, compressive and not easy to damage; the base material 14 is a flexible material. At the same time, the plastic film can be made of various plastic materials, the cost is low, and the connection between the substrate 14 and the upper film 11 is more convenient.
  • the base material 14 is a flexible material. After the upper film 11 and the base material 14 are hot-melt welded and connected, because the upper film 11 and the base material 14 have flexibility, the upper film 11 and the base material 14 will deform in the middle along the thickness direction X of the hygroscopic layer 1 at high temperature, which reduces the volume of the hygroscopic layer 1 , thereby facilitating the miniaturization of the hygroscopic device 30 and further improving the space utilization rate in the battery 100 .
  • the base material 14 is a rigid material, because the hardness of the base material 14 is relatively large, it is difficult to produce deformation, so that the structure of the hygroscopic layer 1 is firmer, less prone to damage, and increases the moisture absorption. Stability of device 30 .
  • the base material 14 is a flexible material
  • the volume is smaller, the preparation is simple, and a large number of assembly lines can be produced quickly;
  • the base material 14 is a rigid material, the connection strength between the upper film 11 and the base material 14 is higher, and it is not easily damaged, so that the hygroscopic layer 1, the installation with the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 and the battery 100 is also firmer.
  • the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 and the hygroscopic layer 1 are bonded.
  • the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 has a sheet-like structure, and is connected to the upper film 11 side of the moisture absorption layer 1 through adhesive bonding, but the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 is not completely bonded to the moisture absorption layer 1, so that the thermal insulation buffer layer There is a gap 3 between 2 and the hygroscopic layer 1 .
  • the connecting piece used for bonding may be glue, double-sided tape, hot-melt glue, etc., but is not limited thereto.
  • the combination of the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 and the hygroscopic layer 1 can also be in other connection forms, such as locking and clamping through connectors, but not limited thereto.
  • thermal insulation buffer layer 2 is not greater than the area of upper film 11, when adopting the connection mode of bonding, upper film 11 and thermal insulation buffer layer 2 have sufficiently large Paste area, can make heat-insulating buffer layer 2 be fixed on the hygroscopic layer 1, therefore, when the area of heat-insulating buffer layer 2 is not greater than the area of upper film 11, adopt the connection mode of bonding to make heat-insulating buffer layer 2 and hygroscopic layer 1 Easier to combine.
  • thermal insulation buffer layer 2 when the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 is closed-cell foam, water vapor can only be absorbed or released by the moisture-absorbing core material 13 of the moisture-absorbing layer 1 through the gap 3; The layer 2 and the interstices 3 are absorbed or released by the absorbent core 13 .
  • connection mode of bonding between the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 and the hygroscopic layer 1 has the advantages of simple and convenient preparation, low cost, etc., can reduce manufacturing costs, and is convenient for mass production.
  • the base material 14 is a rigid material, and the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 and the base material 14 are connected by connecting pieces.
  • the structure of the moisture-absorbing layer 1 is firmer and less likely to be damaged, which increases the stability of the moisture-absorbing device 30 .
  • the area of the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 is much larger than the area of the upper film 11, and the connection mode of bonding is used to make the pasting area of the upper film 11 and the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 too small, and the connection is not firm. Therefore, when the area of the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 is greater than the area of the upper film 11, it is more suitable to connect the hygroscopic layer 1 and the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 together with connectors, so that the structure of the moisture absorption device 30 is more stable. Wherein, when using the connecting piece to connect, the hygroscopic layer 1 and the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 can be fixed together with the battery 100 to further improve the connection strength between the hygroscopic device 30 and the battery 100 .
  • connection form of the connecting member may be locked, clamped, etc., but is not limited thereto.
  • the hygroscopic layer 1 can also be connected to the heat-insulating buffer layer 2 by adhesive bonding between the heat-insulating buffer layer 2 and the substrate 14 .
  • Adopting the connection mode of bonding between the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 and the moisture absorption layer 1 can improve the connection strength between the moisture absorption layer 1 and the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 , thereby improving the structural stability of the moisture absorption device 30 .
  • the present application also provides a battery 100, and the battery 100 includes the moisture absorbing device 30 in any one of the above embodiments.
  • the present application also provides an electric device, which includes the battery 100 in any of the above embodiments, and the battery 100 is used to provide electric energy for the electric device.
  • the electric device may be any of the aforementioned devices or systems using the battery 100 .
  • the upper film 11 and the substrate 14 of the hygroscopic layer 1 are made of flexible materials, and the area S2 of the upper film 11 is the same as the area S1 of the lower film
  • the moisture-absorbing core material 13 can be enclosed in the moisture-absorbing layer 1
  • the moisture-absorbing layer 1 along the thickness direction X is as shown in the figure 7 shows the thin structure of the convex hot-melt welding part 4 in the middle
  • the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 adopts a sheet structure
  • the side of the upper film 11 of the moisture absorption layer 1 is bonded to the back adhesive of the thermal insulation buffer layer 2, wherein, as shown in the figure 6 and 7, the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 and the hygroscopic layer 1 are not completely glued together, so that there is a gap 3 between the thermal insulation buffer layer 2 and the hygroscopic
  • the moisture absorbing device 30 of this structure is simple to prepare, low in cost, and can be produced in a large batch quickly, and its structure is small in size, simple in operation, and convenient in fixing. location, to improve the insulation performance of the battery 100 .
  • the upper film 11 is made of a flexible material
  • the substrate 14 is made of a rigid material
  • the area S2 of the upper film 11 is smaller than the area S1 of the substrate 14.
  • the overall moisture-absorbing device 30 and the battery 100 can be fixed through the connectors to further improve the moisture-absorbing device 30 and the battery 100.
  • connection strength In the moisture absorbing device 30 of this structure, the upper film 11 and the rigid substrate 14 are directly heat-melt welded, without adding a heat-melt film at the heat-melt weld 4, which has higher connection strength, and the moisture absorbing device 30 and the battery 100 pass through The connectors are connected, and its stability is higher.
  • thermal insulation buffer layer 2 is open foam, which has better compression performance and better buffer performance, so that the moisture absorption device 30 of this structure can be installed on the battery 100 in a large area.
  • the inner wall of the box body 10 is used to keep the side of the battery 100 warm.

Abstract

本申请涉及一种吸湿装置、电池及用电装置，所述吸湿装置包括吸湿层，沿所述吸湿层的厚度方向，所述吸湿层包括层叠设置的上膜、吸湿芯材和底材；其中，所述上膜与所述底材连接将所述吸湿芯材封闭在二者之间。本申请通过对吸湿层采用封闭式结构设计，吸湿芯材能够吸收电池内的水汽形成液态水，且能够防止吸湿芯材内的水从吸湿层的周边渗出，从而降低了吸湿装置内的水回渗的风险，提高了电池的电绝缘性能。

Description

一种吸湿装置、电池及用电装置
本申请要求享有于2021年10月18日提交的名称为“一种吸湿装置、电池及用电装置”的中国专利申请202122508116.4的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及用电装置技术领域，尤其涉及一种吸湿装置、电池及用电装置。
 背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。对于电动车辆而言，电池是电动汽车的主要存储能量装置，由于电池使用环境恶劣、密封性不够等原因会使水汽进入电池，会造成电池的绝缘性能降低，影响电池的工作，降低电池的寿命。
 技术问题
鉴于上述问题，本申请提供了一种吸湿装置、电池及用电装置，能够调节解决电池的吸湿装置吸收的水发生回渗的问题，提高了电池的绝缘性能。
 技术解决方案
第一方面，本申请了提供了一种吸湿装置，吸湿装置包括吸湿层，沿吸湿层的厚度方向，吸湿层包括层叠设置的上膜、吸湿芯材和底材；其中，上膜与底材连接将吸湿芯材封闭在二者之间。
在一些实施例中，上膜为防水透气膜。当上膜为防水透气膜时，能够使电池内的水汽通过上膜进入吸湿层，从而被吸湿层内的吸湿芯材吸收，同时使得吸湿芯材吸收形成的液态水不易从上膜渗出，降低了吸湿装置内水回渗到电池内的风险。
在一些实施例中，底材为不透气密封层。当底材为不透气密封层时，吸湿层内的水分不会从底材渗出，提高了吸湿层的封闭性，进一步降低吸湿装置内的水回渗的风险。
在一些实施例中，上膜与底材通过热熔焊接连接。通过在上膜与下膜的热熔焊接处采用热熔焊接连接，能够增加热熔焊接处的连接强度，提高吸湿层的封闭性，降低吸湿层的吸湿芯材吸收的水回渗至电池内的风险。
在一些实施例中，上膜复合有无纺布。通过在上膜复合无纺布，能够提高热熔膜在上膜的附着能力，以使上膜材质与底材材质的熔点差别较大时的热熔焊接连接强度增强，使得热熔焊接处不易开裂，从而增加了底材的可选择性，以及热熔焊接的可操作性。
在一些实施例中，吸湿芯材为纤维材料、树脂材料、粉体材料中的一种。当吸湿芯材为纤维类、树脂材料类或粉体类中的一种时，吸湿芯材能够重复吸收或释放水汽，在湿季，水汽透过电池的平衡阀进入到箱体内部，能够被吸湿芯材吸附并存储在其中，在干季，吸湿芯材内的液态水则可通过水汽的形式透过平衡阀释放到电池的外部，恢复吸湿芯材的吸湿特性，这样，该结构的吸湿装置能够长期在电池内起到作用，提高电池的使用寿命。
在一些实施例中，吸湿层还包括不透气防水层，不透气防水层位于上膜与吸湿芯材之间。通过在上膜与吸湿芯材之间增加了不透气防水层，能够进一步防止液态水在加压的情况下渗出吸湿层。
在一些实施例中，不透气防水层为塑料薄片或闭孔泡棉。当不透气防水层为塑料薄片或闭孔泡棉时，能够有效阻止液态水的渗出，且能够降低生产成本。
在一些实施例中，底材的面积为S1，上膜的面积为S2，不透气防水层的面积为S3，吸湿芯材的面积为S4，S1≥S2≥S3≥S4。当S1≥S2≥S3≥S4时，上膜和底材可以将吸湿芯材更好的封闭在吸湿层中，对吸湿芯材起到保护的作用，同时不透气防护层能够进一步防止吸湿芯材内的液态水渗出。
在一些实施例中，吸湿装置还包括保温缓冲层，保温缓冲层与上膜连接。通过在吸湿层的上膜一侧设置保温缓冲层，能够减少电池内外的温差，避免空气中的水汽凝结成冷凝水，从而避免电池内冷凝水的产生，从而避免电池绝缘失效的风险，同时能够提高电池的防挤压性能，防止电池单体及吸湿装置受到挤压而损坏，且保温缓冲层与吸湿层结合的结构设计，可以提高电池的箱体空间利用率，有效解决电池箱体内的装置过多的问题。
在一些实施例中，保温缓冲层包括第一保温缓冲层，吸湿层与第一保温缓冲层之间沿吸湿层的周向具有间隙，水汽能够经间隙进入吸湿层。该结构能够避免保温缓冲层及保温缓冲层与吸湿层之间的连接件对水汽的阻隔影响，从而使水汽能够被吸湿层内的吸湿芯材吸收或释放，提高了吸湿装置的吸湿性能。
在一些实施例中，保温缓冲层包括第二保温缓冲层，第二保温缓冲层设置有凹槽，吸湿层的至少部分位于凹槽内，水汽能够经保温缓冲层进入吸湿层。该结构提高了吸湿装置的吸湿性能，且由于能够将吸湿层凸出的部分容纳至凹槽内，从而降低了吸湿层的占用空间，有利于吸湿装置小型化，进一步提高了电池内的空间利用率，同时保温缓冲层能够起到保护吸湿层的作用，避免上膜受挤压而损坏。
在一些实施例中，底材为刚性材质或柔性材质。当底材为柔性材质时体积更小，制备简单，可以快速大量的流水线生产；当底材为刚性材质时，上膜与底材的连接强度更高，不易损坏，使吸湿层的与保温缓冲层及电池的安装也更牢固。
在一些实施例中，底材为刚性材质，保温缓冲层与底材之间通过连接件连接。采用保温缓冲层与吸湿层之间粘接的连接方式，能够提高吸湿层以保温缓冲层之间的连接强度，从而提高吸湿装置的结构稳定性。
在一些实施例中，保温缓冲层与吸湿层之间粘接。采用保温缓冲层与吸湿层之间粘接的连接方式，具有制备简单方便、成本低等优点，能够降低制造成本，便于大批量流水线生产。
在一些实施例中，保温缓冲层为泡棉。当保温缓冲层为泡棉时能够提高电池的保温性能及防挤压性能，进一步降低电池绝缘失效的风险，提高电池的箱体内部空间的利用率，节约制造成本。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种电池，其包括上述实施例中的吸湿装置。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种用电装置，其包括上述实施例中的电池，电池用于为用电装置提供电能。
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性的，并不能限制本申请。
 有益效果
本申请实施例的技术方案中，通过对吸湿层采用封闭式结构设计，吸湿芯材能够吸收电池内的水汽形成液态水，且能够防止吸湿芯材内的水从吸湿层的周边渗出，从而降低了吸湿装置内的水回渗的风险，提高了电池的电绝缘性能。
 附图说明
图1为本申请一些实施例的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例的电池的分解结构示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例的吸湿层在一种具体实施方案中的结构示意图，其中，上膜与底材未热熔焊接；
图4为图3中A处的局部放大图；
图5为图3中吸湿层的正视图，其中，上膜与底材热熔焊接；
图6为图2中吸湿装置在一种具体实施方案中的结构示意图；
图7为图6的仰视图；
图8为本申请一些实施例的吸湿层在一种具体实施方案中的爆炸图；
图9为图8的正视图；
图10为图8的侧视图；
图11为本申请一些实施例的保温缓冲层的结构示意图；
图12为图11另一角度的剖视图；
图13为图2中吸湿装置在另一种具体实施方案中的结构示意图。
附图标记：
1000-车辆；100-电池；10-箱体；10a-第一部分；10b-第二部分；20-电池单体；30-吸湿装置；200-控制器；300-马达；1-吸湿层；11-上膜；12-不透气防水层；13-吸湿芯材；14-底材；2-保温缓冲层；21-凹槽；3-间隙；4-热熔焊接处；X-厚度方向。
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，示出了符合本申请的实施例，并与说明书一起用于解释本申请的原理。
 本发明的实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上（包括两个），同理，“多组”指的是两组以上（包括两组），“多片”指的是两片以上（包括两片）。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，电池作为主要存储能量装置其应用越加广泛，不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域，随着电池的应用领域不断扩大，对其性能要求也在不断提高。
本申请人注意到，由于电池的使用环境恶劣、密封性不够等原因会使水汽进入电池，进而凝结成水，导致电池的绝缘性能降低，影响电池的工作，降低电池的使用寿命。为了缓解电池因内部进水的问题，申请人研究发现，可以在电池中设置吸湿装置，从而通过吸湿装置吸收进入电池内部的水。例如，可以在电池内部设置泡棉地垫，该泡棉地垫包括吸湿垫，该吸湿垫包括包覆层、吸湿层（纤维材料）、吸附层（吸水树脂）以及底膜，且各层之间通过热粘合的方式结合，最终通过魔术毡将该吸湿垫安装于泡棉地垫上。但是，该吸湿垫的四周为开放式结构，吸湿层吸收的水存在从周边渗出的风险，仍然会导致电池绝缘失效，存在安全隐患。
基于以上考虑，为了调节解决电池的吸湿装置吸收的水发生回渗的问题，发明人经过深入研究，设计了一种吸湿装置，其吸湿层为封闭式结构设计，具体为将吸湿芯材包覆在具有透气性的防水透气膜以及不透气的底材之间，避免了被吸湿芯材吸收的水从吸湿层的周边渗出，降低了吸湿装置内的水回渗的风险，提高了电池的绝缘性能。
本申请实施例公开的吸湿装置可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电装置中。可以使用具备本申请公开的吸湿装置、电池等组成该用电装置的电源系统，这样，有利于提高电池等储能装置的绝缘性能，提升电池等储能装置的工作性能和使用寿命。
本申请提供了一种使用电池作为电源的用电装置，该用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一些实施例的一种用电装置为车辆1000为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图。电池100包括箱体10、电池单体20和吸湿装置30，电池单体20容纳于箱体10内，吸湿装置30安装于箱体10内壁。其中，箱体10用于为电池单体20提供容纳空间，箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一部分10a和第二部分10b，第一部分10a与第二部分10b相互盖合，第一部分10a和第二部分10b共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间。第二部分10b可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分10a可以为板状结构，第一部分10a盖合于第二部分10b的开口侧，以使第一部分10a与第二部分10b共同限定出容纳空间；第一部分10a和第二部分10b也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分10a的开口侧盖合于第二部分10b的开口侧。当然，第一部分10a和第二部分10b形成的箱体10可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内；当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。
其中，每个电池单体20可以为二次电池或一次电池；还可以是锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。电池单体20可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
电池100还包括吸湿装置30，吸湿装置30可以是一个或多个，吸湿装置30可以安装于箱体10的内壁，用于吸收电池100内的水汽，防止液态水回渗，提升电池100的绝缘性能，保证电池100正常工作，并且该吸湿装置30还具有缓冲与保温的作用，可以有效利用箱体10的空间，同时解决电池100的箱体10内装置过多的问题，提高电池模块的保温以及防挤压性能，进一步避免电池100内冷凝水的产生，避免电池100绝缘失效。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。
其中，吸湿装置30的安装方式可以为背胶或者锁附、卡扣等连接件连接的方式，但不局限于此。
请参照图3、图4和图5，本申请实施例提供了一种吸湿装置30，吸湿装置30包括吸湿层1，沿吸湿层1的厚度方向X，吸湿层1包括层叠设置的上膜11、吸湿芯材13和底材14；上膜11与底材14连接，将吸湿芯材13封闭在二者之间。
本实施例中，吸湿装置30为电池100内用于湿度调节的装置，能够吸收电池100内的水汽，以保证电池100具有良好的电绝缘性能。为了保证电池100的电绝缘性以及吸湿装置30的吸湿性能，本申请的吸湿装置30采用了多层结构设计，其中吸湿层1采用了封闭式结构设计。沿吸湿层1的厚度方向X，吸湿层1包括层叠设置的上膜11、吸湿芯材13和底材14，该结构中，上膜11能够使水汽通过，并防止液态水的渗出，吸湿芯材13能够吸收通过上膜11进入吸湿层1的水汽并存储或者在干燥季节释放水汽，以此调节电池100内的湿度，底材14与上膜11连接以将吸湿层1形成一个封闭结构，将吸湿芯材13封闭在吸湿层1中，防止吸湿芯材13内的液态水从吸湿层1中渗出。
通过对吸湿层1采用封闭式结构设计，吸湿芯材13能够吸收电池100内的水汽形成液态水，且能够防止吸湿芯材13内的水从吸湿层1的周边渗出，从而降低了吸湿装置30内的水回渗的风险，提高了电池100的电绝缘性能。
具体地，上膜11为防水透气膜。
本实施例中，防水透气膜上具有均匀的微孔结构，此微孔结构使气态水能够容易通过，同时让液态水不易通过，以达到防水透气的效果，其中，防水透气膜的材质可以为PTFE或PE等高分子结构材质，但不局限于此。
当上膜11为防水透气膜时，能够使电池100内的水汽通过上膜11进入吸湿层1，从而被吸湿层1内的吸湿芯材13吸收，同时使得吸湿芯材13吸收形成的液态水不易从上膜11渗出，降低了吸湿装置30内水回渗到电池100内的风险。
具体地，底材14为不透气密封层。
本实施例中，不透气密封层能够防止水汽以及液态水的渗出，其中，底材14的材质可以为PE、PP、PVC等塑料材质，但不局限于此。
当底材14为不透气密封层时，吸湿层1内的水分不会从底材14渗出，提高了吸湿层1的封闭性，进一步降低吸湿装置30内的水回渗的风险。
在一种具体实施例中，上膜11与底材14通过热熔焊接连接。
本实施例中，热熔焊接是通过高温使两个物体连接成一个整体的连接方式，使用热熔焊接连接的方式连接强度较高，且焊接点为分子结合，不易老化，且连接点不易受侵蚀，密封效果好，同时这种连接方式操作简单方便，可以快速且大量的流水线生产。其中，当上膜11材质与底材14材质的熔点接近时，可直接通过高温使上膜11与底材14热熔焊接，无需添加热熔膜；当上膜11材质与底材14材质的熔点相差较大时，可通过添加热熔膜进行热熔焊接。
如图9所示的具体实施方案中，上膜11材质与底材14材质熔点接近，可直接通过高温使上膜11与底材14在热熔焊接处4进行热熔焊接，无需添加热熔膜，因此连接强度更高，密封效果更好。
通过在上膜11与下膜14的热熔焊接处4采用热熔焊接连接，能够增加热熔焊接处4的连接强度，提高吸湿层1的封闭性，降低吸湿层1的吸湿芯材13吸收的水回渗至电池100内的风险。
在一种具体实施例中，上膜11复合有无纺布。
本实施例中，由于直接通过高温热熔焊接需要上膜11与底材14的材质的熔点接近，从而限制了底材14的使用范围，当上膜11材质与底材14材质的熔点相差较大时，需要在上膜11与底材14之间添加热熔膜，通过热熔膜使上膜11与底材14进行热焊连接，但是直接在上膜11与底材14之间添加的热熔膜附着能力不强，使得上膜11与底材14之间连接强度降低，热熔焊接处4容易开裂，导致吸湿层1的密封效果不好，而在上膜11复合无纺布可以提高热熔膜在上膜11上的附着能力，以增加上膜11与底材14的连接强度。
如图5所示的具体实施方案中，底材14材质与上膜11材质的熔点相差较大，通过在复合了无纺布的上膜11与底材14的热熔焊接处4增加了热熔膜，使得上膜11与底材14热熔焊接连接。
通过在上膜11复合无纺布，能够提高热熔膜在上膜11的附着能力，以使上膜11材质与底材14材质的熔点差别较大时的热熔焊接连接强度增强，使得热熔焊接处4不易开裂，从而增加了底材14的可选择性，以及热熔焊接的可操作性。
在一种具体实施例中，吸湿芯材13为纤维材料、树脂材料、粉体材料中的一种。
本实施例中，纤维类、树脂材料类或粉体类的吸湿材料均为多种材料的复合结构，具有足够的微孔结构，吸湿能力强，且能够以物理方式（不产生化学反应）对水分进行锁附，能够吸收水汽或释放水汽，以实现湿度调节。当然，吸湿芯材13也可以为其他具有良好吸湿、放湿性能的复合材料，不局限于此。
当吸湿芯材13为纤维类、树脂材料类或粉体类中的一种时，吸湿芯材13能够重复吸收或释放水汽，在湿季，水汽透过电池100的平衡阀进入到箱体10内部，能够被吸湿芯材13吸附并存储在其中，在干季，吸湿芯材13内的液态水则可通过水汽的形式透过平衡阀释放到电池100的外部，恢复吸湿芯材13的吸湿特性，这样，该结构的吸湿装置30能够长期在电池100内起到作用，提高电池100的使用寿命。
在一种具体实施例中，吸湿层1还包括不透气防水层12，如图3和图4所示，不透气防水层12位于上膜11与吸湿芯材13之间。
本实施例中，虽然吸湿层1的上膜11的结构已经可以达到初步防水，但在加压的情况下液态水存在透过上膜11渗出吸湿层1的风险，造成吸湿装置30液态水回渗的风险，为了更进一步防止吸湿装置30发生回渗，本申请的吸湿装置30在上膜11与吸湿芯材13之间增加了不透气防水层12，进一步防止液态水在加压的情况下渗出吸湿层1。
其中，不透气防水层12为能够阻止水汽和液态水通过的结构。
具体地，不透气防水层12的材质可以为塑料薄片或闭孔泡棉。
本实施例中，塑料薄片和闭孔泡棉均具有薄而轻巧、防水、防汽、抗液体渗透性强、绝缘性良好、成本低等优点，能够在加压情况下阻止吸湿芯材13内液态水的通过，进一步防止吸湿层1液态水的渗出。同时，由于塑料薄片和闭孔泡棉质地较硬，具有抗冲击性，还能起到一定缓冲的作用。另外，还可以通过调整不透气防水层12的大小及厚度，以满足吸湿装置30的压缩及透气性的需求。当然，不透气防水层12也可以是其他的不透气防水材料，不局限于此。
当不透气防水层12为塑料薄片或闭孔泡棉时，能够有效阻止液态水的渗出，且能够降低生产成本。
具体地，底材14的面积为S1、上膜11的面积为S2、不透气防水层12的面积为S3，吸湿芯材13的面积为S4，S1≥S2≥S3≥S4。
本实施例中，吸湿层1的上膜11、不透气防水层12、吸湿芯材13以及底材14的面积大小并不是完全相等的。
在如图3至图5所示的具体实施方案中，上膜11的面积S2与底材14的面积S1相同，不透气防水层12的面积S3与吸湿芯材13的面积S4相同，且上膜11与底材14的面积大于不透气防水层12与吸湿芯材13的面积，即S1=S2＞S3=S4，在上膜11与底材14的热熔焊接处4进行热熔焊接连接后，能够将吸湿芯材13封闭在吸湿层1内。
在如图8所示的具体实施方案中，上膜11的面积S2小于底材14的面积S2，不透气防水层12的面积S3与吸湿芯材13的面积S4相同，且上膜11与底材14的面积大于不透气防水层12与吸湿芯材13的面积，即S1＞S2＞S3=S4，在上膜11与底材14的热熔焊接处4进行热熔焊接连接后，能够将吸湿芯材13封闭在吸湿层1内。
当S1≥S2≥S3≥S4时，上膜11和底材14可以将吸湿芯材13更好的封闭在吸湿层1中，对吸湿芯材13起到保护的作用，同时不透气防护层12能够进一步防止吸湿芯材13内的液态水渗出。
在一种具体实施例中，如图7所示，吸湿装置30还包括保温层缓冲层2，保温缓冲层2与上膜11连接。
本实施例中，保温缓冲层2能够保持电池100内的温度，且具有缓冲作用，并且保温缓冲层2与吸湿层1的上膜11连接，使保温缓冲层2与吸湿层1结合，使该吸湿装置30具有保温、缓冲以及湿度调节的作用。
通过在吸湿层1的上膜11一侧设置保温缓冲层2，能够减少电池100内外的温差，避免空气中的水汽凝结成冷凝水，从而避免电池100内冷凝水的产生，从而避免电池100绝缘失效的风险，同时能够提高电池100的防挤压性能，防止电池100的电池单体20及吸湿装置30受到挤压而损坏，且保温缓冲层2与吸湿层1结合的结构设计，可以提高电池100的箱体10空间利用率，有效解决电池100箱体10内的装置过多的问题。
具体地，保温缓冲层2的材质为泡棉。
本实施例中，泡棉内具有若干泡孔且泡孔之间结构复杂，使其受到外力时易被压缩变形，外力撤销后易回复形变，具有良好的缓冲性能，同时，具有良好的保温隔热性。另外，泡棉还具有良好的电绝缘性，使得保温缓冲层2与吸湿层1连接的这种层状结构可以使吸湿装置30在电池100内即使吸收了大量的水汽仍然能保持良好的电绝缘性能，能够进一步降低电池100绝缘失效的风险，从而使吸湿层1可以选用吸湿量较大的吸湿芯材13，降低吸湿芯材13的使用量，进一步降低吸湿装置30的体积。
其中，具体可以根据需求选择使用开孔泡棉或闭孔泡棉，但不局限于此，开孔泡棉中泡孔与泡孔之间相互连通，透气性更高，能够使水汽通过，但是开口泡棉经压缩后水分不会渗漏，内部水分不易流失，具有良好的止水保水功能，能够进一步防止电池100内冷凝水的产生；闭孔泡棉具有独立泡孔结构，内部泡孔与泡孔之间有隔膜隔开，不相互连通，具有良好的防汽、防水性，不能使水汽通过。
因此，当保温缓冲层2为泡棉时能够提高电池100的保温性能及防挤压性能，进一步降低电池100绝缘失效的风险，提高电池100的箱体10内部空间的利用率，节约制造成本。
在一种实施方案中，如图6和图7所示，保温缓冲层2包括第一保温缓冲层，吸湿层1与第一保温缓冲层之间沿吸湿层1的周向具有间隙3，水汽能够经间隙3进入吸湿层1。
本实施例中，如图7所示的具体实施方案中，由于上膜11与底材14在热熔焊接连接的高温下发生形变，使得该实施方案中的吸湿装置30沿厚度方向X呈中间凸热熔焊接处4薄的结构，热熔焊接处4位于吸湿层1沿厚度方向X的中间部位，因此，当保温缓冲层2与吸湿层1连接时，保温缓冲层2与吸湿层1之间沿吸湿层1的周向具有间隙3（即保温缓冲层2与热熔焊接处4之间具有间隙3），水汽因此能够通过该间隙3透过上膜11进入吸湿层1内，被吸湿芯材13吸收，或者通过间隙3被吸湿芯材13释放。
该结构能够避免保温缓冲层2及保温缓冲层2与吸湿层1之间的连接件对水汽的阻隔影响，从而使水汽能够被吸湿层1内的吸湿芯材13吸收或释放，提高了吸湿装置30的吸湿性能。
在另一种实施方案中，如图11和图12所示，保温缓冲层2包括第二保温缓冲层，第二保温缓冲层设置有凹槽21，吸湿层1的至少部分位于凹槽21内，水汽能够经保温缓冲层2进入吸湿层1。
本实施例中，当上膜11与底材14热熔焊接时，上膜11产生形变，将不透气防水层12和吸湿芯材13封闭在上膜11与底材14之间，使得吸湿层1呈底材14一侧平整、上膜11一侧凸出的结构。保温缓冲层2设置有与吸湿层1配合的凹槽21，能够在与吸湿层1连接时将吸湿层1凸出的部分容纳至凹槽21内。其中，如图11和图12所示的具体实施方案中，采用开口泡棉作为保温缓冲层2，以使电池100内的水汽可以透过保温缓冲层2进入吸湿层1，被吸湿芯材13吸收或者释放，从而进一步降低电池100因水分过多而绝缘失效的风险。
该结构提高了吸湿装置30的吸湿性能，且由于能够将吸湿层1凸出的部分容纳至凹槽21内，从而降低了吸湿层1的占用空间，有利于吸湿装置30小型化，进一步提高了电池100内的空间利用率，同时保温缓冲层2能够起到保护吸湿层1的作用，避免上膜11受挤压而损坏。
在一种具体实施例中，底材14为刚性材质或柔性材质。
本实施例中，底材14为刚性材质时，可以为亚克力板、塑料片、塑料块等质地较硬的材料，此时底材14抗磨、抗压且不易损；底材14为柔性材质时，可以为各种塑料材质所做成的塑料膜，成本低，且底材14与上膜11的连接更加方便。
在如图7所示的具体实施方案中，底材14为柔性材质，上膜11与底材14热熔焊接连接后，由于上膜11与底材14具有柔性，使得上膜11与底材14在高温下会沿吸湿层1厚度方向X向中间发生形变，降低了吸湿层1的体积，从而有利于吸湿装置30的小型化，进一步提高了电池100内的空间利用率。
在如图9和图10所示的具体实施方案中，底材14为刚性材质，由于底材14的硬度较大，不易产生形变，使得吸湿层1的结构更牢固，不易损坏，增加了吸湿装置30的稳定性。
当底材14为柔性材质时体积更小，制备简单，可以快速大量的流水线生产；当底材14为刚性材质时，上膜11与底材14的连接强度更高，不易损坏，使吸湿层1的与保温缓冲层2及电池100的安装也更牢固。
在一种实施方案中，如图7所示，保温缓冲层2与吸湿层1之间粘接。
本实施例中，保温缓冲层2呈片状结构，与吸湿层1的上膜11一侧通过背胶粘接连接，但保温缓冲层2并不完全与吸湿层1贴合，使得保温缓冲层2与吸湿层1之间留有间隙3。其中，粘接所用的连接件可以为胶水、双面胶、热熔胶等，但不局限于此。另外，保温缓冲层2与吸湿层1的结合还可以为其他的连接形式，如通过连接件锁附、卡接等，但不局限于此。
如图6和图7中所示的具体实施方案中，由于保温缓冲层2的面积不大于上膜11的面积，采用粘接的连接方式时，上膜11与保温缓冲层2具有足够大的粘贴面积，能够使保温缓冲层2固定在吸湿层1上，因此，当保温缓冲层2的面积不大于上膜11的面积时，采用粘接的连接方式能够使保温缓冲层2与吸湿层1更容易结合。其中，当保温缓冲层2为闭孔泡棉时，水汽仅能通过间隙3被吸湿层1的吸湿芯材13吸收或释放，当保温缓冲层2为开口泡棉时，水汽能够同时通过保温缓冲层2以及间隙3被吸湿芯材13吸收或释放。
采用保温缓冲层2与吸湿层1之间粘接的连接方式，具有制备简单方便、成本低等优点，能够降低制造成本，便于大批量流水线生产。
在另一种实施方案中，底材14为刚性材质，保温缓冲层2与底材14之间通过连接件连接。
本实施例中，由于底材14的硬度较大，不易产生形变，使得吸湿层1的结构更牢固，不易损坏，增加了吸湿装置30的稳定性。
如图13所示的具体实施方案中，保温缓冲层2的面积远大于上膜11的面积，使用粘接的连接方式使，上膜11与保温缓冲层2的粘贴面积过小，连接不牢固，因此，当保温缓冲层2的面积大于上膜11的面积时更适合用连接件将吸湿层1与保温缓冲层2连接在一起，以使吸湿装置30的结构更加稳固。其中，使用连接件连接时，可将吸湿层1与保温缓冲层2连同电池100固定，进一步提高吸湿装置30与电池100的连接强度。另外，连接件的连接形式可以为锁附、卡接等方式，但不局限于此。当然，也可以通过在保温缓冲层2及底材14之间背胶粘接的方式使吸湿层1与保温缓冲层2连接。
采用保温缓冲层2与吸湿层1之间粘接的连接方式，能够提高吸湿层1以保温缓冲层2之间的连接强度，从而提高吸湿装置30的结构稳定性。
本申请还提供了一种电池100，电池100包括以上任一实施例中的吸湿装置30。
本申请还提供了一种用电装置，用电装置包括以上任一实施例中的电池100，并且电池100用于为用电装置提供电能。
用电装置可以是前述任一应用电池100的设备或系统。
在一种实施方案中，如图3至图7所示，该方案中，吸湿层1的上膜11与底材14均为柔性材质，且上膜11的面积S2与下膜的面积S1相同，在上膜11与底材14的热熔焊接处4通过添加热熔膜进行热熔焊接连接后，能够将吸湿芯材13封闭在吸湿层1内，吸湿层1沿厚度方向X呈如图7所示的中间凸热熔焊接处4薄的结构，保温缓冲层2采用了片状结构，通过将吸湿层1上膜11一侧与保温缓冲层2背胶粘接连接，其中，如图6和图7所示，保温缓冲层2与吸湿层1并不完全背胶贴合，使得保温缓冲层2与吸湿层1之间留有间隙3，水汽可以不受粘胶影响进出吸湿层1，从而能够被吸湿芯材13吸收或释放，且该整体吸湿装置30能够通过在吸湿层1一侧背胶安装在电池100内。此结构的吸湿装置30制备简单，成本低，可以快速的大批量流水线生产，且其结构体积小、操作简单、固定方便，可以安装在如盖体等使用空间较小或不利于连接件连接的位置，提高电池100的绝缘性能。
在另一种实施方案中，如图8至图13所示，上膜11为柔性材质，底材14为刚性材质，且上膜11的面积S2小于底材14的面积S1，当上膜11与底材14热熔焊接时，上膜11产生形变，将不透气防水层12和吸湿芯材13封闭在上膜11与底材14之间，使得吸湿层1呈底材14一侧平整、上膜11一侧凸出的结构，保温缓冲层2设置有与吸湿层1配合的凹槽21，能够在与吸湿层1连接时将吸湿层1凸出的部分容纳至凹槽21内，并且采用连接件连接的方式将保温缓冲2与吸湿层1的底材14连接，其中，采用开口泡棉作为保温缓冲层2，以使电池100内的水汽可以透过保温缓冲层2进出入吸湿层1，被吸湿芯材13吸收或者释放，在使用连接件连接保温缓冲层2与吸湿层1时，可将该整体吸湿装置30连同电池100一同通过连接件固定，进一步提高吸湿装置30与电池100的连接强度。此结构的吸湿装置30中上膜11与刚性的底材14是直接热熔焊接的，无需在热熔焊接处4添加热熔膜，具有更高的连接强度，且吸湿装置30与电池100通过连接件连接，其稳定性更高，另外，保温缓冲层2为开口泡棉，具有更好的压缩性能，使其缓冲性能更好，使得该结构的吸湿装置30可以大面积的安装于电池100箱体10内壁，用于对电池100的侧面保温。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种吸湿装置，其中，所述吸湿装置（30）包括吸湿层（1），沿所述吸湿层（1）的厚度方向（X），所述吸湿层（1）包括层叠设置的上膜（11）、吸湿芯材（13）和底材（14）；
    其中，所述上膜（11）与所述底材（14）连接将所述吸湿芯材（13）封闭在二者之间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的吸湿装置，其中，所述上膜（11）为防水透气膜。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的吸湿装置，其中，所述底材（14）为不透气密封层。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的吸湿装置，其中，所述上膜（11）与所述底材（14）通过热熔焊接连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的吸湿装置，其中，所述上膜（11）复合有无纺布。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的吸湿装置，其中，所述吸湿芯材（13）为纤维材料、树脂材料、粉体材料中的一种。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的吸湿装置，其中，所述吸湿层（1）还包括不透气防水层（12），所述不透气防水层（12）位于所述上膜（11）与所述吸湿芯材（13）之间。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的吸湿装置，其中，所述不透气防水层（12）为塑料薄片或闭孔泡棉。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的吸湿装置，其中，所述底材（14）的面积为S1，所述上膜（11）的面积为S2，所述不透气防水层（12）的面积为S3，所述吸湿芯材（13）的面积为S4，S1≥S2≥S3≥S4。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的吸湿装置，其中，所述吸湿装置（30）还包括保温缓冲层（2），所述保温缓冲层（2）与所述上膜（11）连接。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的吸湿装置，其中，所述保温缓冲层（2）包括第一保温缓冲层，所述吸湿层（1）与所述第一保温缓冲层之间沿所述吸湿层（1）的周向具有间隙（3），水汽能够经所述间隙（3）进入所述吸湿层（1）。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的吸湿装置，其中，所述保温缓冲层（2）包括第二保温缓冲层，所述第二保温缓冲层设置有凹槽（21），所述吸湿层（1）的至少部分位于所述凹槽（21）内，水汽能够经所述保温缓冲层（2）进入所述吸湿层（1）。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的吸湿装置，其中，所述底材（14）为刚性材质或柔性材质。
  14. 根据权利要求10所述的吸湿装置，其中，所述底材（14）为刚性材质，所述保温缓冲层（2）与所述底材（14）之间通过连接件连接。
  15. 根据权利要求10所述的吸湿装置，其中，所述保温缓冲层（2）与所述吸湿层（1）之间粘接。
  16. 根据权利要求10所述的吸湿装置，其中，所述保温缓冲层（2）为泡棉。
  17. 一种电池，其中，所述电池（100）包括权利要求1至16任一项所述的吸湿装置（30）。
  18. 一种用电装置，其中，所述用电装置包括权利要求17所述的电池（100），所述电池（100）用于为所述用电装置提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/119427 2021-10-18 2022-09-16 一种吸湿装置、电池及用电装置 WO2023065914A1 (zh)

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JPH10290916A (ja) * 1997-02-20 1998-11-04 Kunitaka Mizobe 除湿装置
JP2002355525A (ja) * 2001-05-30 2002-12-10 Kanebo Ltd シート状吸放湿性材料
CN103311479A (zh) * 2013-05-20 2013-09-18 东风汽车公司 一种电动汽车的电池系统
CN210296495U (zh) * 2019-07-11 2020-04-10 深圳市小笨象科技有限公司 一种安全防漏液风扇用锂电池
CN216703885U (zh) * 2021-10-18 2022-06-10 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 一种吸湿装置、电池及用电装置

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JPH10290916A (ja) * 1997-02-20 1998-11-04 Kunitaka Mizobe 除湿装置
JP2002355525A (ja) * 2001-05-30 2002-12-10 Kanebo Ltd シート状吸放湿性材料
CN103311479A (zh) * 2013-05-20 2013-09-18 东风汽车公司 一种电动汽车的电池系统
CN210296495U (zh) * 2019-07-11 2020-04-10 深圳市小笨象科技有限公司 一种安全防漏液风扇用锂电池
CN216703885U (zh) * 2021-10-18 2022-06-10 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 一种吸湿装置、电池及用电装置

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