WO2023063799A1 - 음극 및 이를 포함하는 이차전지 - Google Patents
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- WO2023063799A1 WO2023063799A1 PCT/KR2022/015661 KR2022015661W WO2023063799A1 WO 2023063799 A1 WO2023063799 A1 WO 2023063799A1 KR 2022015661 W KR2022015661 W KR 2022015661W WO 2023063799 A1 WO2023063799 A1 WO 2023063799A1
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- active material
- negative electrode
- material layer
- carbon nanotubes
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a negative electrode and a secondary battery including the negative electrode.
- a lithium secondary battery has a structure in which an electrolyte containing a lithium salt is impregnated in an electrode assembly in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode, which are electrodes coated with an active material on an electrode current collector, and a porous separator are interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- lithium ions discharged from the positive electrode active material are inserted into the negative electrode active material by first charging and are then desorbed during discharging to reciprocate between both electrodes. By transferring energy through this process, charging and discharging are possible. Since the negative electrode active material affects the basic performance characteristics of a lithium secondary battery and the conductive material affects to improve the electrical conductivity of the negative electrode active material, research on negative electrode active material materials to improve the basic performance of the secondary battery is being conducted.
- lithium secondary batteries may explode or ignite due to abnormal operating conditions of the battery, such as short circuit, overcharged state exceeding the permitted current and voltage, exposure to high temperature, and shock caused by dropping. Accordingly, attempts to improve the safety of lithium secondary batteries currently being produced are active. However, at present, studies on separators are being actively conducted to prevent short circuits between positive and negative electrodes, and research on negative electrode active materials to improve safety is still necessary.
- the present invention which was invented to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, has an object to provide a negative electrode with improved safety and a secondary battery including the same.
- the present inventors have found that the above-described problems can be solved by the following electrode, a secondary battery including the same, and a manufacturing method thereof.
- a plurality of negative electrode active material layers positioned on at least one surface of the current collector
- the loading amount of the first negative active material layer is 0.2 mAh/cm 2 or less
- the first negative electrode active material layer relates to a negative electrode, characterized in that positioned in face of the current collector or positioned between two or more second negative electrode active material layers.
- It relates to a negative electrode, characterized in that the loading amount of the first negative electrode active material layer is 0.01 to 0.1 mAh/cm 2 .
- It relates to a negative electrode, characterized in that the thickness of the first negative electrode active material layer is 0.5 to 4.6% of the total thickness of the negative electrode active material layer.
- the carbon nanotubes relate to a cathode comprising single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, or two or more of them.
- the carbon nanotubes are single-walled carbon nanotubes
- the single-walled carbon nanotubes are single-walled carbon nanotubes having an average diameter of 0.5 to 15 nm.
- It relates to a negative electrode, characterized in that the content of the single-walled carbon nanotubes is 0.005 to 0.1 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the first negative electrode active material layer.
- the one or more second anode active material layers each independently contain at least one of graphite and silicon-based compounds.
- the negative electrode is any one of the first to eighth embodiments.
- the secondary battery is a lithium secondary battery.
- the negative electrode according to the present invention increases internal resistance of the battery, thereby improving external short-circuit safety. Specifically, in the negative electrode according to the present invention, the internal resistance of the battery increases due to the decrease in electrical conductivity during discharging, and as a result, the amount of current generated immediately after the external short circuit is reduced. Accordingly, external short-circuit safety can be improved by reducing the amount of heat generated by the secondary battery.
- lithium titanium oxide as an active material and carbon nanotubes as a conductive material in the negative electrode active material layer
- a layer capable of imparting sufficient conductivity with a very small amount of active material can be formed.
- lithium titanium oxide does not affect battery performance in normal operation, but when a short circuit occurs in a fully charged state, Li ion detachment occurs in the anode active material layer containing lithium titanium oxide, resulting in a sharp decrease in electrical conductivity. will do Accordingly, since the resistance in the cathode increases, the external short-circuit current decreases and safety can be secured.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing cross-sections of a secondary battery including a negative electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention in a fully charged state and immediately after an external short circuit.
- the negative electrode of the present invention is the negative electrode of the present invention.
- a plurality of negative electrode active material layers positioned on at least one surface of the current collector
- the loading amount of the first negative active material layer is 0.2 mAh/cm 2 or less
- the first negative electrode active material layer is characterized in that it is positioned face-to-face with the current collector or positioned between two or more second negative electrode active material layers.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a secondary battery including a negative electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1 shows the structure of a secondary battery in a fully charged state and at the beginning of a short circuit thereafter.
- FIG. 1 shows a first negative electrode active material layer 2, a second negative active material layer 3, a separator 4, a positive electrode active material layer 5 and a positive electrode current collector on a negative electrode current collector 1 ( 6) are sequentially stacked, and the first negative electrode active material layer includes lithium titanium oxide (2a, LTO).
- the lithium titanium oxide is not involved in the performance of the battery in a normal operating state, but when a short circuit occurs in a fully charged state, a desorption phenomenon of lithium ions occurs.
- lithium titanium oxide 2a may exist in the form of Li 7/3 Ti 5/3 O 4 , and at the beginning of a short circuit, Li 4/3 Ti 5 It can exist in the form of /3 O 4 .
- the current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery.
- copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, copper or stainless steel surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, or the like, aluminum-cadmium alloy, or the like can be used.
- the thickness of the current collector is not particularly limited, but may have a commonly applied thickness of 3 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode active material layer positioned on at least one surface of the current collector is not a single-layer structure, but a multi-layer structure composed of a plurality of layers.
- the plurality of negative active material layers of the present invention include at least a first negative active material layer including lithium titanium oxide (LTO) and carbon nanotubes (CNT); and a second anode active material layer including an anode active material other than the lithium titanium oxide (LTO).
- LTO lithium titanium oxide
- CNT carbon nanotubes
- the first anode active material layer may be a single layer, and the second anode active material layer may be a single layer or a multi-layer composed of a plurality of layers.
- the first negative active material layer may be positioned face-to-face with the current collector. In this case, it may have a stacked structure of current collector/first negative active material layer (A)/second negative active material layer (B).
- the first negative active material layer may be positioned between a plurality of second negative active material layers.
- it may have a stacked structure of current collector/second negative active material layer (B-1)/first negative active material layer (A)/second negative active material layer (B-2).
- first negative electrode active material layer and the second negative electrode active material layer of the present invention have the above-described laminated structure, they can act as an insulating layer for current escaping to the outside through the current collector, thereby improving safety against external short circuits.
- the loading amount of the first negative active material layer is 0.2 mAh/cm 2 or less.
- the loading amount of the first negative active material layer may be 0.2 mAh/cm 2 or less, 0.1 mAh/cm 2 or less, 0.01 mAh/cm 2 or more, or 0.05 mAh/cm 2 or more.
- the loading amount of the first negative active material layer may be in the range of 0.01 mAh/cm 2 to 0.2 mAh/cm 2 or 0.01 mAh/cm 2 to 0.1 mAh/cm 2 .
- lithium titanium oxide when included as an anode active material, since the driving voltage is higher than that of a carbon-based material and/or silicon commonly used as an anode active material, it may be irreversibly charged and cause a decrease in cell capacity.
- the loading amount of the first anode active material layer satisfies this range, the cell capacity and basic performance of the anode electrode are maintained, and only when an external short circuit occurs and lithium ions rapidly escape, the insulating layer operates. This can reduce electrical conductivity and improve safety.
- the thickness of the first negative active material layer is 4.6% or less of the total thickness of the negative active material layer of the present invention. , or 0.5 to 4.6%, or 2.4 to 4.6%.
- the first negative electrode active material layer includes lithium titanium oxide (LTO) and carbon nanotubes.
- the first anode active material layer includes lithium titanium oxide as an anode active material and carbon nanotubes as a conductive material.
- Lithium titanium oxide has a disadvantage in that its electrical conductivity is lower than that of carbon-based materials, which are generally used negative active materials, but by using it together with a predetermined conductive material, the electrical conductivity of the first negative active material layer is improved to the level of carbon-based materials
- the first negative electrode active material layer having low electrical conductivity acts as an insulating layer to enhance safety, so external short circuit safety can be improved.
- the first negative electrode active material layer may not include materials other than lithium titanium oxide as an anode active material and may not include materials other than carbon nanotubes as a conductive material.
- lithium titanium oxide may be specifically represented by Formula 1 below.
- Li 0.8 Ti 2.2 O 4 Li 2.67 Ti 1.33 O 4 , LiTi 2 O 4 , Li 1.33 Ti 1.67 O 4 , Li 1.14 Ti 1.71 O 4 , Li 2 Ti 5 O 12 , Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , etc. It may be, but is not limited to only these.
- the lithium titanium oxide may be in the form of primary particles or may be in the form of secondary particles in which a plurality of primary particles are aggregated.
- An average particle diameter (D50) of the lithium titanium oxide may be about 0.1 to 3 um.
- the average particle diameter (D50) may mean a particle diameter at a point of 50% of the cumulative distribution of the number of particles according to the particle diameter.
- the average particle diameter may be measured using a laser diffraction method. Specifically, after dispersing the powder to be measured in a dispersion medium, it is introduced into a commercially available laser diffraction particle size measuring device (e.g. Microtrac S3500) to measure the difference in diffraction pattern according to the particle size when the particles pass through the laser beam to distribute the particle size. yields
- a laser diffraction particle size measuring device e.g. Microtrac S3500
- the content of the carbon nanotubes may be 0.005 to 3 parts by weight, or 0.005 to 1, or 0.005 to 0.05, or 0.01 to 0.05 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the first negative active material layer.
- the content of the carbon nanotubes satisfies the above range, it is advantageous in that an electrical network can be sufficiently constructed in the first anode active material layer.
- the carbon nanotubes may include single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, or two or more of them.
- the carbon nanotubes may be pre-dispersed in the form of a dispersion containing a dispersant and/or a dispersion medium and included in the negative active material layer for smooth dispersion in the negative active material layer.
- a dispersion and pre-dispersed uniform conductivity can be imparted, and in the present invention, carbon nanotubes are included in a very small amount, so it is easy to inject a fixed amount.
- the type of the dispersing agent and/or the dispersing medium is not particularly limited as long as it can disperse the carbon nanotubes.
- the dispersing agent may be hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (H-NBR), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), or carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and the dispersing medium may be N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. (NMP) or water.
- H-NBR hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
- CMC carboxymethylcellulose
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
- the single-walled carbon nanotube represents that the number of walls (graphite surfaces) is one in a tubular carbon nanotube in which hexagons formed by bonding six carbon atoms are connected to each other. These single-walled carbon nanotubes show excellent electrical properties due to their one-dimensional structure, and various electrical properties depending on the hexagonal honeycomb molecular chirality structure and diameter. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes have the number of walls described above represents a plurality of carbon nanotubes.
- the average diameter of the single-walled carbon nanotubes may be 0.5 nm to 15 nm. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the average diameter of the single-walled carbon nanotubes may be 1 to 10 nm, or 1 to 5 nm, or 1 to 2 nm. When the average diameter of the single-walled carbon nanotubes satisfies this range, electrical conductivity of the negative electrode may be maintained even when the single-walled carbon nanotubes are included in a very small amount.
- the BET specific surface area of the single-walled carbon nanotubes may be 500 m 2 /g to 1,500 m 2 /g, or 900 m 2 /g to 1,200 m 2 /g.
- a conductive material dispersion liquid having a desirable solid content can be derived.
- the BET specific surface area may be measured through a nitrogen adsorption BET method.
- the aspect ratio of the single-walled carbon nanotubes may be 50 to 20,000, or the length of the single-walled carbon nanotubes may be 5 to 100 ⁇ m, or 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the aspect ratio or length satisfies this range, since the specific surface area is high, the single-walled carbon nanotubes can be adsorbed to lithium titanium oxide with strong attraction in the negative electrode.
- the aspect ratio can be confirmed by obtaining an average of the aspect ratios of 15 single-walled carbon nanotubes having a large aspect ratio and 15 single-walled carbon nanotubes having a small aspect ratio when observing the single-walled carbon nanotube powder through an SEM.
- single-walled carbon nanotubes are advantageous in that an electrical network can be constructed using only a small amount because they have a large aspect ratio, a long length, and a large volume.
- the content of the single-walled carbon nanotubes is 0.005 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the first negative active material layer. to 3 parts by weight, or 0.005 to 1 part by weight, 0.005 to 0.05 parts by weight, or 0.01 to 0.03 parts by weight.
- the content of the single-walled carbon nanotubes satisfies this range, it is advantageous in terms of preserving energy density because an electrical network can be sufficiently built in the negative electrode active material layer with a very small amount.
- the average diameter of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes may be 10 to 100 nm.
- multi-walled carbon nanotubes have a small specific surface area, they may be included in a larger amount than single-walled carbon nanotubes to cover the same electrode layer.
- the second negative active material layer includes a negative active material other than lithium titanium oxide (LTO).
- LTO lithium titanium oxide
- any commonly used anode active material other than lithium titanium oxide may be applied.
- carbon-based active materials and silicon-based active materials specifically artificial graphite, natural graphite, hard carbon, soft carbon, graphitized carbon fiber, graphitized mesocarbon microbeads, petroleum coke, resin fired body, carbon fiber, It may include pyrolytic carbon, Si, silicon oxide represented by SiOx (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), lithium metal, or two or more of these, but is not limited thereto.
- the artificial graphite is generally prepared by carbonizing raw materials such as coal tar, coal tar pitch, and petroleum-based heavy oil at a temperature of 2,500 ° C or higher, and after such graphitization, particle size adjustment such as pulverization and secondary particle formation is performed. and used as an anode active material.
- crystals are randomly distributed within the particles, and have a slightly pointed shape with a lower degree of sphericity than natural graphite.
- the artificial graphite includes commercially used mesophase carbon microbeads (MCMB), mesophase pitch-based carbon fiber (MPCF), artificial graphite graphitized in block form, artificial graphite graphitized in powder form, and the like.
- the sphericity of may be 0.91 or less, or 0.6 to 0.91, or 0.7 to 0.9.
- the artificial graphite may have a particle diameter of 5 to 30 ⁇ m or 10 to 25 ⁇ m.
- the natural graphite is generally formed into plate-shaped aggregates before being processed, and the plate-shaped particles are spherical in shape with a smooth surface through post-processing such as particle grinding and reassembly in order to be used as an active material for electrode manufacturing.
- Natural graphite may have a sphericity greater than 0.91 and less than or equal to 0.97, alternatively from 0.93 to 0.97, alternatively from 0.94 to 0.96.
- the natural graphite may have a particle size of 5 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m or 10 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m.
- the active material layer may include two or more types of active materials, and in this case, active materials of different materials may be distributed in the surface direction in the vicinity of the current collector of the active material layer, or active materials of the same material may have an average particle diameter or Two or more types of active materials having different shapes may be included.
- the active material layer may include two or more types of active materials having different types of materials and different shapes or average particle diameters.
- the second negative electrode active material layer of the present invention may include a conductive material, and the conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery.
- a conductive material such as natural graphite and artificial graphite; carbon nanotubes; carbon black such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, farnes black, lamp black, and thermal black; conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers; metal powders such as fluorocarbon, aluminum, and nickel powder; conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used.
- the negative active material layer and the second negative active material layer may include a predetermined negative active material, a conductive material, and a binder polymer.
- the binder polymer is polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HEP), polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, Polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacrylic acid, styrene butyrene rubber (SBR), fluoro rubber , various types of binder polymers such as various copolymers may be used.
- a part of the binder polymer may serve as a thickener to improve the dispersion characteristics of the active material and the conductive material by increasing the viscosity of the slurry for the active material layer.
- the secondary battery according to the present invention includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the negative electrode is the negative electrode according to one embodiment of the present invention described above.
- the secondary battery may be a lithium secondary battery including a lithium metal secondary battery, a lithium ion secondary battery, a lithium polymer secondary battery, or a lithium ion polymer secondary battery.
- the positive electrode the positive electrode current collector; and an active material layer positioned on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector.
- the cathode current collector may be generally made to have a thickness of about 3 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it does not cause chemical change in the battery and has high conductivity.
- the surface of stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, fired carbon, or aluminum or stainless steel. A surface treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, or the like may be used.
- the cathode current collector may form fine irregularities on its surface to increase the adhesion of the cathode active material, and may have various forms such as film, sheet, foil, net, porous material, foam, and nonwoven fabric.
- the active material layer of the present invention may include an active material, a conductive material, and a binder polymer.
- the active material is a positive electrode active material, and may be a lithium-containing oxide, and a lithium-containing transition metal oxide may be preferably used.
- the conductive material is typically added in an amount of 1 to 50% by weight based on the total weight of the mixture including the cathode active material.
- the conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery, and examples thereof include graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite; carbon black such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and summer black; conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers; metal powders such as carbon fluoride, aluminum, and nickel powder; conductive whiskeys such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used.
- the binder polymer is a component that aids in the binding of the active material and the conductive material and the current collector, and is typically added in an amount of 0.5 to 50% by weight based on the total weight of the slurry containing the positive electrode active material.
- binders examples include polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene , polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM), sulfonated EPDM, styrene butyrene rubber, fluororubber, various copolymers, and the like.
- CMC carboxymethylcellulose
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer
- sulfonated EPDM styrene butyrene rubber
- fluororubber various copolymers, and the like.
- the separator to be applied together with the electrode of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the separator is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to separate the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an insulating thin film having high ion permeability and mechanical strength is used. If it is normally used as a separator in a secondary battery, it can be used without particular limitation.
- a porous polymer film for example, a porous polymer film made of polyolefin-based polymers such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer, and ethylene/methacrylate copolymer, or these A laminated structure of two or more layers of may be used.
- conventional porous non-woven fabrics for example, non-woven fabrics made of high-melting glass fibers, polyethylene terephthalate fibers, and the like may be used.
- a separator coated with inorganic particles, a binder polymer, or a mixture of inorganic particles and a binder polymer may be used to secure heat resistance or mechanical strength, and may be selectively used in a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
- a solid electrolyte such as a polymer
- the solid electrolyte may also serve as a separator.
- a binder polymer polyvinylidene fluoride, PVdF
- a dispersant polyvinylpyrrolidone, PVP
- Ti 4 Ti 5 O 12 average particle diameter 0.9 ⁇ m
- the first negative active material slurry was applied to a copper current collector having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m and then vacuum dried at 120° C. for 24 hours to form a first negative active material layer with a loading amount of 0.1 mAh/cm 2 .
- the thickness of the first negative active material layer was 5.3 ⁇ m
- the thickness of the second negative active material layer was 112 ⁇ m
- the thickness of the first negative active material layer was about 4.5% of the total thickness of the negative active material layer.
- NCM-622 Li(Ni 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 )O 2 (NCM-622) as a cathode active material, carbon black as a conductive material, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as a binder polymer at a weight ratio of 96:2:2 It was added to the solvent, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), to prepare a slurry of the positive electrode active material. The slurry was coated on one surface of an aluminum current collector having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m, and dried and rolled under the same conditions as the negative electrode to prepare a positive electrode. At this time, the loading amount based on the dry weight of the positive electrode active material layer was 18.6 mg/cm 2 .
- LiPF 6 was dissolved in an organic solvent mixed with ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) in a composition of 3:7 (volume ratio) to a concentration of 1.0 M, and an additive of 0.5 wt% of vinylene carbonate (VC) was added. Dissolved to prepare an electrolyte solution.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- VC vinylene carbonate
- a lithium secondary battery was prepared by interposing a porous polypropylene separator between the negative electrode and the positive electrode prepared above, and then injecting the electrolyte solution.
- a negative electrode and a lithium secondary battery were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that only the laminated structure of the negative electrode was different.
- the negative electrode of Example 2 has a stacked structure of [current collector/second negative active material layer (a)/first negative active material layer/second negative active material layer (b)], and the second negative active material layer has a capacity of 1.8 mAh. /cm 2 , and each active material slurry was applied and dried so that the first negative active material layer had a loading amount of 0.1 mAh/cm 2 .
- the thickness of the first negative active material layer was 5.3 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the second negative active material layers (a) and (b) was 56 ⁇ m, respectively. At this time, the thickness of the first negative active material layer was the thickness of the entire negative active material layer. It was about 4.5% compared to
- a negative electrode and a secondary battery were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.02 parts by weight of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) having an average diameter of 1 nm and 98.435 parts by weight of lithium titanium oxide were included in the first negative electrode active material layer. did
- the loading amount of the first negative active material layer was 0.1 mAh/cm 2
- the thickness of the first negative active material layer was 5.4 ⁇ m
- the thickness of the second negative active material layer was 112 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the active material layer was about 4.6% of the total thickness of the negative electrode active material layer.
- the first negative active material layer 0.02 parts by weight of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) having an average diameter of 2 nm and 98.435 parts by weight of lithium titanium oxide were included as conductive materials, and the loading amount of the first negative active material layer was 0.05 mAh/ A negative electrode and a secondary battery were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except for cm 2 .
- SWCNTs single-walled carbon nanotubes
- the thickness of the first negative active material layer was 2.7 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the second negative active material layer was 112 ⁇ m. At this time, the thickness of the first negative active material layer was about 2.4% of the total thickness of the negative active material layer. .
- a negative electrode active material slurry After dispersing 2.5 parts by weight of SBR and 1.2 parts by weight of CMC as a binder in distilled water as a solvent, 0.5 parts by weight of carbon black (Super C65) as a conductive material and flake-type artificial graphite (maximum length 9 ⁇ m, average aspect ratio: 1 :3.5) 95.8 parts by weight was added to obtain a negative electrode active material slurry.
- the negative electrode active material slurry was applied to a copper current collector having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m, and then vacuum dried at 120° C. for 24 hours to form a negative electrode with a loading amount of 3.6 mAh/cm 2 . At this time, the thickness of the negative active material layer was 112 ⁇ m.
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except for using the negative electrode.
- An anode and a secondary battery were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the loading amount of the first anode active material layer was 0.7 mAh/cm 2 .
- the thickness of the first negative active material layer was 37.1 ⁇ m
- the thickness of the second negative active material layer was 112 ⁇ m
- the thickness of the first negative active material layer was about 25% of the total thickness of the negative active material layer.
- An anode and a secondary battery were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the loading amount of the first anode active material layer was 0.3 mAh/cm 2 .
- the thickness of the first negative active material layer was 15.9 ⁇ m
- the thickness of the second negative active material layer was 112 ⁇ m
- the thickness of the first negative active material layer was about 12% of the total thickness of the negative active material layer.
- a negative electrode and a secondary battery were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the loading amount of the first negative active material layer was 0.008 mAh/cm 2 . At this time, the thickness of the first negative active material layer was 0.4 ⁇ m, the thickness of the second negative active material layer was 112 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the first negative active material layer was about 0.4% of the total thickness of the negative active material layer.
- a monocell was prepared by injecting an electrolyte solution. After wetting for 24 hours, charge up to SOC 30% with 0.1C current to activate, and then perform 3 cycles of CC/CV mode 0.33C, 4.2V, 0.05C cut-off charge, CC mode 0.33C, 3.0V cut-off discharge The third discharge capacity was measured. The measured results are shown in Table 1 and Table 2 below.
- Example 1 Example 2 Example 3
- Example 4 First negative electrode active material layer loading amount (mAh/cm2 ) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.05 Thickness ( ⁇ m) 5.3 5.3 5.4 2.7 Second negative electrode active material layer loading amount (mAh/cm2 ) 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 Thickness ( ⁇ m) 112 56 (Second negative electrode active material layer a: 56, Second negative electrode active material layer b: 56) 112 112 Thickness of the first negative active material layer compared to the total thickness of the negative active material layer (%) 4.5 4.5 4.6 2.4 monocell capacity 38.6 38.6 38.8 39.1 External short-circuit PEAK current (A) 7.9 8.4 8.1 8.3 External paragraph PEAK current (C-rate) 205 218 209 215
- Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 secure cell capacity and at the same time exhibit a low external short-circuit PEAK current, thereby improving external short-circuit safety. improvement can be seen.
- Comparative Examples 1, 2 and 5 may be advantageous in terms of cell capacity, but it can be seen that high external short-circuit PEAK current (A) and external short-circuit PEAK current (C-rate) appear, and in the case of Comparative Examples 3 and 4, Example Since the loading amount of the first negative electrode active material layer including lithium titanium oxide and carbon nanotubes is greater than that of Example 1, it can be seen that even if external short circuit safety is implemented, it is disadvantageous in terms of cell capacity.
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Abstract
Description
실시예 1 | 실시예 2 | 실시예 3 | 실시예 4 | ||
제1 음극 활물질층 |
로딩량 (mAh/cm2) |
0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.05 |
두께 (㎛) | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 2.7 | |
제2 음극 활물질층 |
로딩량 (mAh/cm2) |
3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 |
두께 (㎛) | 112 | 56 (제2 음극 활물질층 a: 56, 제2 음극 활물질층 b: 56) |
112 | 112 | |
음극 활물질층 전체 두께 대비 제1 음극 활물질층의 두께 (%) |
4.5 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 2.4 | |
모노셀 용량 | 38.6 | 38.6 | 38.8 | 39.1 | |
외부단락 PEAK 전류 (A) |
7.9 | 8.4 | 8.1 | 8.3 | |
외부단락 PEAK 전류 (C-rate) |
205 | 218 | 209 | 215 |
비교예 1 | 비교예 2 | 비교예 3 | 비교예 4 | 비교예 5 | ||
제1 음극 활물질층 | 로딩량 (mAh/cm2) |
- | - | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.008 |
두께 (㎛) | - | - | 37.1 | 15.9 | 0.4 | |
제2 음극 활물질층 |
로딩량 (mAh/cm2) |
3.6 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 |
두께 (㎛) | 112 | 117 | 112 | 112 | 112 | |
음극 활물질층 전체 두께 대비 제1 음극 활물질층의 두께 (%) |
- | - | 25 | 12 | 0.4 | |
모노셀 용량 | 39.5 | 38.6 | 31.8 | 36.3 | 39.4 | |
외부단락 PEAK 전류 (A) |
9.1 | 9 | 6.1 | 7.3 | 8.9 | |
외부단락 PEAK 전류 (C-rate) |
230 | 233 | 192 | 201 | 226 |
Claims (10)
- 집전체; 및상기 집전체의 적어도 일면에 위치하는 복수의 음극 활물질층을 구비하고,상기 복수의 음극 활물질층은,리튬 티타늄 옥사이드(LTO) 및 탄소나노튜브(CNT)를 포함하는 제1 음극 활물질층, 및상기 리튬 티타늄 옥사이드(LTO) 외의 음극 활물질을 포함하는 1 또는 2 이상의 제2 음극 활물질층을 구비하고,상기 제1 음극 활물질층의 로딩량이 0.2 mAh/cm2 이하이고,상기 제1 음극 활물질층은 상기 집전체와 면접하여 위치하거나, 상기 2 이상의 제2 음극 활물질층의 사이에 위치하는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 음극 활물질층의 로딩량이 0.01 내지 0.1 mAh/cm2 인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 음극 활물질층의 두께가 상기 음극 활물질층 전체의 두께 대비 0.5 내지 4.6 % 인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 탄소나노튜브의 함량이 제1 음극 활물질층 100 중량부 대비 0.005 내지 3 중량부인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 탄소나노튜브는 단일벽 탄소나노튜브, 다중벽 탄소나노튜브, 또는 이들 중 2 이상을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극.
- 제5항에 있어서,상기 탄소나노튜브가 단일벽 탄소나노튜브이고,상기 단일벽 탄소나노튜브의 평균직경이 0.5 내지 15 nm 인 단일벽 탄소나노튜브인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 단일벽 탄소나노튜브의 함량이, 상기 제1 음극 활물질층 100 중량부 대비 0.005 내지 0.1 중량부인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 1 또는 2 이상의 제2 음극 활물질층은 각각 독립적으로 흑연 및 실리콘계 화합물 중 1종 이상을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극.
- 양극, 음극, 및 상기 양극과 음극 사이에 개재된 분리막을 포함하고,상기 음극이 제1항 내지 제8항 중 어느 한 항의 음극인 것을 특징으로 하는 이차전지.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 이차전지가 리튬 이차전지인 것을 특징으로 하는 이차전지.
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EP22881426.5A EP4369431A1 (en) | 2021-10-15 | 2022-10-14 | Anode and secondary battery comprising same |
CN202280044665.5A CN117561617A (zh) | 2021-10-15 | 2022-10-14 | 负极和包含该负极的二次电池 |
CA3231582A CA3231582A1 (en) | 2021-10-15 | 2022-10-14 | Negative electrode and secondary battery including same |
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KR20200028258A (ko) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-03-16 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 이차전지용 음극 및 그를 포함하는 이차전지 |
KR20200038168A (ko) * | 2018-10-02 | 2020-04-10 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 실리콘계 화합물을 포함하는 다층 구조 음극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
KR20210137834A (ko) | 2020-05-11 | 2021-11-18 | 주식회사 케이티앤지 | 비연소형 궐련을 위한 래퍼 및 그의 제조방법 |
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- 2022-10-14 KR KR1020220132713A patent/KR20230054300A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2022-10-14 WO PCT/KR2022/015661 patent/WO2023063799A1/ko active Application Filing
- 2022-10-14 EP EP22881426.5A patent/EP4369431A1/en active Pending
- 2022-10-14 CA CA3231582A patent/CA3231582A1/en active Pending
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JP2013077391A (ja) * | 2011-09-29 | 2013-04-25 | Panasonic Corp | リチウムイオン二次電池用負極及び該リチウムイオン二次電池用負極を用いたリチウムイオン二次電池 |
KR20140019054A (ko) * | 2012-07-13 | 2014-02-14 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 탄소나노튜브를 포함하는 이차전지용 슬러리 및 이를 포함하는 이차전지 |
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KR20200038168A (ko) * | 2018-10-02 | 2020-04-10 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 실리콘계 화합물을 포함하는 다층 구조 음극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
KR20210137834A (ko) | 2020-05-11 | 2021-11-18 | 주식회사 케이티앤지 | 비연소형 궐련을 위한 래퍼 및 그의 제조방법 |
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KR20230054300A (ko) | 2023-04-24 |
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