WO2023062681A1 - 空気調和システム、情報処理装置および空調機器の制御方法 - Google Patents
空気調和システム、情報処理装置および空調機器の制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023062681A1 WO2023062681A1 PCT/JP2021/037576 JP2021037576W WO2023062681A1 WO 2023062681 A1 WO2023062681 A1 WO 2023062681A1 JP 2021037576 W JP2021037576 W JP 2021037576W WO 2023062681 A1 WO2023062681 A1 WO 2023062681A1
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- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 title claims description 55
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/50—Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication
- F24F11/56—Remote control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
- F24F11/63—Electronic processing
- F24F11/64—Electronic processing using pre-stored data
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/10—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2120/00—Control inputs relating to users or occupants
- F24F2120/10—Occupancy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2120/00—Control inputs relating to users or occupants
- F24F2120/10—Occupancy
- F24F2120/12—Position of occupants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2120/00—Control inputs relating to users or occupants
- F24F2120/10—Occupancy
- F24F2120/14—Activity of occupants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to an air conditioning system having an air conditioner and a ventilation device as air conditioners, an information processing device connected to the air conditioners, and a control method for the air conditioners.
- Air age, air life expectancy, and residence time are known as indices for evaluating indoor ventilation efficiency (see Patent Document 1, for example).
- Patent Document 1 in order to analyze the air environment of the target space, a dimensionless concentration distribution in which each point concentration at the time of generation of an indoor uniform tracer for tracking the flow of fluid is normalized by the instantaneous uniform diffusion concentration is the average arrival time of the blown air to each measurement point, that is, the air age distribution, and a technique for analyzing the air age distribution is disclosed.
- the present disclosure has been made to solve the above problems, and provides an air conditioning system, an information processing device, and a control method for air conditioning equipment that improve air quality and comfort for users. be.
- An air conditioning system includes an air conditioning device that air-conditions an air-conditioned space, a ventilation device that supplies outside air to the air-conditioned space, an environmental condition including the temperature of the air in the air-conditioned space, and the air-conditioning device.
- detection means for detecting the position and activity state of a person in the target space; a plurality of blowing patterns of the air blown into the air-conditioned space by the air conditioner; storage means for storing a plurality of control patterns that are combinations of the plurality of blowing patterns of the supplied outside air; information on the operating states of each of the air conditioner and the ventilator; Calculate thermal environment distribution information in the air-conditioned space and air age distribution information, which is the distribution of the air age, which is an index indicating the freshness of the air, for each of the plurality of control patterns, using the environmental state information.
- a fluid analysis means for calculating a local comfort index indicating the comfort level of the person from the person's position and the person's activity state detected by the detection means in correspondence with each of the thermal environment distribution information. and a control pattern, from the plurality of control patterns, in which the local comfort index satisfies a predetermined comfort standard and the air age at the person's position satisfies a predetermined air quality standard. as a control pattern to be set for the air conditioner and the ventilator.
- An information processing apparatus includes an air conditioner that air-conditions an air-conditioned space, a ventilation device that supplies outside air to the air-conditioned space, an environmental condition including the temperature of the air in the air-conditioned space, and the air-conditioned space.
- An information processing device connected to detection means for detecting a position of a person in a space and a state of activity of the person, wherein a plurality of blowing patterns of the air blown out into the air-conditioned space by the air conditioner.
- a storage device for storing a plurality of control patterns; Thermal environment distribution information in the air-conditioned space and air age, which is an index indicating the freshness of the air, for each of the plurality of control patterns, using the information and the information on the environmental state detected by the detection means.
- Air age distribution information which is a distribution, is calculated, and local comfort indicating the comfort level of the person from the person's position and activity state detected by the detection means corresponding to each of the thermal environment distribution information and from the plurality of control patterns, the local comfort index satisfies a predetermined comfort criterion and the air age at the person's location satisfies a predetermined air quality criterion. and a control device that determines a pattern as a control pattern to be set for the air conditioner and the ventilator.
- a control method for an air conditioner includes an air conditioner that air-conditions an air-conditioned space, a ventilation device that supplies outside air to the air-conditioned space, an environmental condition including the temperature of the air in the air-conditioned space, and the A method for controlling an air conditioner by an information processing device connected to detection means for detecting the position of a person in an air-conditioned space and the activity state of the person, wherein air is blown into the air-conditioned space by the air conditioner.
- a step of calculating air age distribution information which is the distribution of the air age, which is an index to indicate; calculating a local comfort index indicative of the comfort level of the person; and determining from the plurality of control patterns that the local comfort index satisfies a predetermined comfort criterion and the air age at the location of the person. determining a control pattern that satisfies a predetermined air quality standard as a control pattern to be set for the air conditioner and the ventilator.
- the local comfort index and the air age of the person in the air-conditioned space are obtained from a plurality of control patterns in correspondence with the environmental state of the air-conditioned space and the position and activity state of the person in the air-conditioned space.
- a control pattern that satisfies both criteria is determined. Therefore, by operating the air conditioner and the ventilator according to a control pattern that satisfies both the local comfort index and the air age, it is possible to achieve both the health and comfort of people in the air-conditioned space.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing one configuration example of an air conditioning system according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an installation example of the air conditioner and the ventilation device shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 2 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing one configuration example of the air conditioner shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is an external perspective view showing an example of a load side unit shown in FIG. 2;
- 5 is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the load side unit shown in FIG. 4 when viewed from the side;
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the angle of the first flap shown in FIG. 5 and the blowing direction of air;
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the angle of the second flap shown in FIG. 5 and the blowing direction of air;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a range of inclination angles with respect to the direction of gravity of the temperature distribution detected by the infrared sensor shown in FIG. 3 ; 4 is a diagram showing an example of a horizontal range of temperature distribution detected by the infrared sensor shown in FIG. 3;
- FIG. FIG. 4 is an image diagram showing an example of a thermal image in which the temperature distribution detected by the infrared sensor shown in FIG. 3 is displayed;
- 4 is a functional block diagram showing a configuration example of a controller shown in FIG. 3;
- FIG. FIG. 12 is a hardware configuration diagram showing a configuration example of a controller shown in FIG. 11; 12 is a hardware configuration diagram showing another configuration example of the controller shown in FIG. 11;
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing one configuration example of the ventilator shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of an information processing apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 16 is a table showing examples of a plurality of control patterns stored in the storage device shown in FIG. 15;
- FIG. 17 is a table showing the relationship between the control patterns and boundary conditions shown in FIG. 16;
- FIG. 16 is a top view showing an example of a simulation of the temperature distribution of the air-conditioned space by the fluid analysis means shown in FIG. 15;
- FIG. 19 is a side view showing an example of the temperature distribution shown in FIG. 18;
- FIG. 10 is a table showing examples of combinations describing types of activities and energy metabolic rates representing activity amounts;
- FIG. 10 is a table showing examples of combinations describing types of activities and energy metabolic rates representing activity amounts;
- FIG. 16 is an image diagram showing an example of positions of a plurality of persons detected by the person determination means shown in FIG. 15;
- FIG. FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of a table in which positions and activity amounts of a plurality of persons determined by the person determining means shown in FIG. 15 are stored in a storage device;
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing that outside air is supplied from a ventilation device in the room shown in FIG. 2 and that the air age varies depending on the position;
- 4 is a diagram schematically showing the procedure of information processing by the information processing apparatus according to Embodiment 1;
- communication means either one or both of wireless communication and wired communication.
- communication may be a communication method in which wireless communication and wired communication are mixed.
- the communication method may be, for example, wireless communication in one section and wired communication in another space.
- communication from one device to another device may be performed by wire communication, and communication from another device to another device may be performed by wireless communication.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an air conditioning system according to Embodiment 1.
- an air conditioning system 1 includes an air conditioning device 3 that conditions air in a room to be air-conditioned, a ventilation device 4 that supplies outside air to the room, a detection means 7, and an information processing device 2. and
- the detection means 7 is connected to the air conditioner 3 .
- the air conditioner 3 and the ventilation device 4 are connected to the information processing device 2 via the network 100.
- Network 100 is, for example, the Internet.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration in which the detection means 7 is indirectly connected to the network 100 via the air conditioner 3, the detection means 7 may be directly connected to the network 100.
- the detecting means 7 may be provided with communication means (not shown) for communicating with the information processing device 2 via the network 100 .
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an installation example of the air conditioner and the ventilation device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing one configuration example of the air conditioner shown in FIG.
- the air conditioner 3 has a heat source side unit 5 that generates a heat source, and a load side unit 6 that uses the heat source generated by the heat source side unit 5 to adjust indoor air.
- the load side unit 6 shown in FIG. 3 is attached to the wall of the room Rm. 2, illustration of the heat source side unit 5 shown in FIG. 3 is omitted.
- the ventilator 4 is attached to the ceiling of the room Rm. Outside air is supplied to the ventilator 4 through a duct (not shown).
- the room Rm shown in FIG. 2 is provided with the exhaust port 45, the exhaust port 45 may not be provided. This is because, even if the exhaust port 45 is not provided, when the outside air is supplied to the room Rm, the air in the room is naturally exhausted through a gap in the door (not shown).
- FIG. 2 shows the case where there are three people, users MA to MC, as an example of the case where there are people in the room Rm, but the number of people is not limited to three. Also, the positions of the three persons are not limited to those shown in FIG.
- the heat source side unit 5 has a compressor 51 , a heat source side heat exchanger 52 , an expansion valve 53 , an outdoor fan 54 and a four-way valve 55 .
- the load-side unit 6 has a load-side heat exchanger 61 , an indoor fan 62 , a wind direction adjusting section 63 and a controller 30 .
- the wind direction adjusting section 63 has a first flap 25 and a second flap 26 that adjust the wind direction, which is the blowing direction of air blown from the load side unit 6 .
- a detection means 7 is provided in the load side unit 6 .
- the detection means 7 has an environmental state detection means 71 and a person detection means 72 .
- the environmental state detection means 71 includes a room temperature sensor 66 that detects the room temperature Tr, a humidity sensor 67 that detects the humidity Hr of the air in the room, and a temperature sensor that detects the temperature Ta of the air blown out from the load side unit 6 into the room. 68.
- the load side unit 6 is provided with an infrared sensor 69 that detects the temperature distribution of the indoor space.
- the infrared sensor 69 functions as the person detection means 72 .
- the compressor 51, the heat source side heat exchanger 52, the expansion valve 53, and the load side heat exchanger 61 are connected by a refrigerant pipe 56 to form a refrigerant circuit 60 in which the refrigerant circulates.
- the compressor 51 , the expansion valve 53 , the outdoor fan 54 , the indoor fan 62 , the four-way valve 55 and the wind direction adjusting section 63 are connected for communication with the controller 30 .
- the detection means 7 are communicatively connected with the controller 30 .
- the compressor 51 compresses and discharges the sucked refrigerant.
- the compressor 51 is, for example, an inverter compressor whose capacity can be changed by adjusting the operating frequency.
- the four-way valve 55 changes the flow direction of the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant circuit 60 .
- the expansion valve 53 decompresses and expands the refrigerant.
- the expansion valve 53 is, for example, an electronic expansion valve.
- the heat source side heat exchanger 52 is a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between refrigerant and outside air.
- the load-side heat exchanger 61 is a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between refrigerant and indoor air.
- the heat source side heat exchanger 52 and the load side heat exchanger 61 are, for example, plate-fin heat exchangers.
- the outdoor fan 54 is, for example, a propeller fan.
- the indoor fan 62 is, for example, a cross-flow fan.
- a heat pump circuit is configured by circulating the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 60 while repeating compression and expansion.
- the load-side unit 6 adjusts indoor air by performing operations such as cooling, heating, dehumidification, humidification, moisturization, and ventilation.
- FIG. 3 shows the case where the controller 30 is provided in the load side unit 6
- the installation position of the controller 30 is not limited to the load side unit 6 .
- the controller 30 may be provided in the heat source side unit 5 or may be provided in a position other than both the load side unit 6 and the heat source side unit 5 .
- the air conditioner 3 may be provided with a temperature sensor (not shown) that detects the condensation temperature and the evaporation temperature.
- FIG. 4 is an external perspective view showing an example of the load side unit shown in FIG.
- a suction port 81 for sucking air from the room is provided in the upper portion of the load side unit 6 .
- a blowout port 82 through which the air after heat exchange with the refrigerant in the load side heat exchanger 61 is blown out into the room is provided in the lower portion of the load side unit 6 .
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the load side unit shown in FIG. 4 when viewed from the side.
- the air outlet 82 is provided with a first flap 25 and a second flap 26 for adjusting the wind direction of the air blown out from the air outlet 82 .
- the second flap 26 has a front wing 26a and a rear wing 26b.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the angle of the first flap shown in FIG. 5 and the air blowing direction.
- the first flap 25 has wings 25a-25d.
- FIG. 6 shows blades 25a to 25d that are not actually visible when the load side unit 6 is viewed from above in order to facilitate understanding of the configuration.
- the dashed arrow indicates the air blowing direction at the angle ⁇ h1
- the solid arrow indicates the air blowing direction at the angle ⁇ h2.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the angle of the second flap shown in FIG. 5 and the air blowing direction. 7 shows the front blade 26a of the second flap 26 shown in FIG. 5 and omits showing the rear blade 26b in order to facilitate understanding of the wind direction adjustment function of the second flap 26.
- the angle of the front blade 26a is expressed as ⁇ v with the direction of gravity of the load-side unit 6 (opposite direction of the Z-axis arrow) as the vertical reference Vax.
- the solid line arrow indicates the air blowing direction at the angle ⁇ v1
- the broken line arrow indicates the air blowing direction at the angle ⁇ v2.
- the load-side unit 6 is of a wall-mounted type. may be
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a range of inclination angles of the temperature distribution detected by the infrared sensor shown in FIG. 3 with respect to the direction of gravity. As in FIG. 7, let ⁇ v be the tilt angle with respect to the vertical reference Vax.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a horizontal range of temperature distribution detected by the infrared sensor shown in FIG. As in FIG. 6, the angle in the horizontal direction with respect to the horizontal reference .theta.h0 is assumed to be .theta.h.
- the infrared sensor 69 has a constant range of inclination angle ⁇ v and a constant angle Measure the temperature distribution due to thermal radiation in the room in the range of
- FIG. 10 is an image diagram showing an example when the temperature distribution detected by the infrared sensor shown in FIG. 3 is displayed in a thermal image.
- the dashed lines indicate the boundaries between the walls, floor, and ceiling and other portions.
- the materials of walls, floors and ceilings have different thermal conductivities, so in a thermal image showing temperature distribution, the temperatures of walls, floors and ceilings are different from each other, and each boundary can be detected.
- the infrared sensor 69 transmits to the controller 30 thermal image data indicating the temperature distribution according to the heat radiation state of the air-conditioned space.
- the difference in temperature is represented by the difference in pattern density.
- different temperatures are represented by different colors.
- temperature distribution is represented by RGB values.
- the position of the human body can be obtained. This will be described with reference to FIGS. 8-10.
- a thermal image Img shown in FIG. 10 shows a case where three people, users MA to MC, are detected.
- the position of the floor surface FL in the room is represented by two-dimensional XY coordinates by the X-axis and the Y-axis.
- the position coordinates of each of the users MA to MC are calculated by applying the measured height or distance and the Pythagorean theorem to the inclination angle ⁇ v and angle ⁇ h of each person.
- the temperature varies depending on the density of the dot pattern. Therefore, by analyzing the thermal image Img and comparing the surface temperature of each of the users MA to MC, it is possible to determine the activity state of each user and estimate the amount of activity. In the case of the thermal image Img shown in FIG. 10, since the density of the dot patterns of the user MA and the user MB is the same, it is estimated that the amount of activity of the user MA and the user MB is the same. In the thermal image, it is possible to determine the activity state, such as whether the person is standing or sitting, from the shape determined to be a person. Also, in the thermal image Img shown in FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a functional block diagram showing a configuration example of the controller shown in FIG. 3.
- FIG. Controller 30 is, for example, a microcomputer.
- the controller 30 has refrigeration cycle control means 31 , communication means 32 , and air blow control means 33 .
- the communication means 32 transmits and receives information to and from the information processing device 2 according to, for example, TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).
- the communication means 32 transmits the thermal image data, the operating state information, and the environmental state information to the information processing device 2 at a predetermined constant cycle T.
- the operating state information includes information on the air volume AF, wind direction AD, and temperature Ta set in the load side unit 6 .
- the environmental state information includes information on the room temperature Tr detected by the room temperature sensor 66 and the humidity Hr detected by the humidity sensor 67 .
- Information on the temperature Ta, information on the environmental condition, and image data are provided from the refrigeration cycle control means 31 to the communication means 32 .
- Information on the air volume AF and the wind direction AD set in the load side unit 6 is provided from the air blow control means 33 to the communication means 32 .
- the communication means 32 Upon receiving the control pattern from the information processing device 2, the communication means 32 extracts information on the air volume AF, the wind direction AD, and the temperature TA. The communication means 32 transmits information on the air volume AF and the wind direction AD to the air blow control means 33 . The communication means 32 transmits information on the temperature TA to the refrigeration cycle control means 31 .
- the refrigerating cycle control means 31 transmits temperature Ta information detected by the temperature sensor 68, environmental state information, and thermal image data detected by the infrared sensor 69 to the communication means 32 at a constant cycle T. .
- the refrigeration cycle control means 31 adjusts the operating frequency of the compressor 51 and the rotation speed of the outdoor fan 54 so that the temperature Ta detected by the temperature sensor 68 matches the temperature TA. and the opening of the expansion valve 53 .
- the air blow control means 33 Upon receiving the air volume AF information from the communication means 32, the air blow control means 33 controls the rotation speed of the indoor fan 62 so that the air volume blown out from the outlet 82 matches the air volume AF. Upon receiving the wind direction AD information from the communication means 32, the air blow control means 33 controls the angles ⁇ h and ⁇ v of the wind direction adjusting section 42 so that the wind direction of the air blown from the outlet 82 matches the wind direction AD. In the air conditioner 3, a blowing pattern is set by a combination of the air volume AF, the wind direction AD, and the temperature TA for the air sent from the load side unit 6 into the room.
- FIG. 12 is a hardware configuration diagram showing one configuration example of the controller shown in FIG.
- the controller 30 shown in FIG. 11 is configured with a processing circuit 90 as shown in FIG.
- the processing circuit 90 may be, for example, a single circuit, a composite circuit, a programmed processor, a parallel programmed processor, an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate). Array), or a combination thereof.
- the functions of the refrigeration cycle control means 31 , the communication means 32 and the air blow control means 33 may be implemented by the processing circuit 90 . Also, the functions of the refrigerating cycle control means 31 , the communication means 32 and the ventilation control means 33 may be realized by one processing circuit 90 .
- FIG. 13 is a hardware configuration diagram showing another configuration example of the controller shown in FIG. 11.
- the controller 30 shown in FIG. 11 is composed of a processor 91 such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and a memory 92 as shown in FIG.
- a processor 91 such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit)
- a memory 92 as shown in FIG.
- Each function of the refrigerating cycle control means 31 , the communication means 32 and the ventilation control means 33 is realized by the processor 91 and the memory 92 .
- FIG. 13 shows that processor 91 and memory 92 are communicatively connected to each other via bus 93 .
- the functions of the refrigeration cycle control means 31, the communication means 32, and the ventilation control means 33 are realized by software, firmware, or a combination of software and firmware.
- Software and firmware are written as programs and stored in memory 92 .
- the processor 91 implements the functions of each means by reading and executing programs stored in the memory 92 .
- non-volatile semiconductor memories such as ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, EPROM (Erasable and Programmable ROM) and EEPROM (Electrically Erasable and Programmable ROM) are used.
- ROM Read Only Memory
- EPROM Erasable and Programmable ROM
- EEPROM Electrical Erasable and Programmable ROM
- a volatile semiconductor memory of RAM Random Access Memory
- removable recording media such as magnetic disks, flexible disks, optical disks, CDs (Compact Discs), MDs (Mini Discs) and DVDs (Digital Versatile Discs) may be used.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing one configuration example of the ventilator shown in FIG.
- the ventilation device 4 has a fan 41 , an airflow direction adjusting section 42 , and a controller 40 that controls the fan 41 and the airflow direction adjusting section 42 .
- the controller 40 has communication means 43 for transmitting/receiving information to/from the information processing device 2 and air blowing control means 44 for controlling the fan 41 and the wind direction adjusting section 42 .
- Fan 41 is, for example, a cross-flow fan.
- the airflow direction adjusting unit 42 has the same configuration as the airflow direction adjusting unit 63 described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7, so detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the communication means 43 transmits information on the operating state to the information processing device 2 at a constant cycle T.
- the operating state information includes information on the air volume VF and the air direction VD set in the ventilator 4 .
- Information on the air volume VF and the air direction VD set in the ventilator 4 is provided from the air blow control means 44 to the communication means 43 .
- the communication means 43 extracts information on the air volume VF and the wind direction VD.
- the communication means 43 transmits information on the air volume VF and the wind direction VD to the air blow control means 33 .
- the communication means 43 transmits and receives information to and from the information processing device 2 according to, for example, TCP/IP.
- the air blow control means 44 Upon receiving the information on the air volume VF from the communication means 43, the air blow control means 44 controls the rotation speed of the fan 41 so that the air volume of the outside air blown into the room from the outlet (not shown) matches the air volume VF. . Upon receiving the information on the wind direction VD from the communication means 43, the air blow control means 44 adjusts the angle ⁇ h and Control ⁇ v. In the ventilator 4, a blowing pattern is set for the outside air sent from the ventilator 4 into the room by a combination of the air volume VF and the wind direction VD.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the information processing apparatus shown in FIG.
- the information processing device 2 determines a control pattern to be executed by the air conditioner 3 and the ventilator 4 using the comfort index and the air age.
- the information processing device 2 is, for example, a server. As shown in FIG. 1, the information processing device 2 has a storage device 21 and a control device 22 .
- the air age is expressed as AOA (Age Of Air) or Air Age.
- the storage device 21 is, for example, an HDD (Hard Disk Drive).
- the control device 22 is, for example, a microcomputer. Various functions of the control device 22 are realized by an arithmetic circuit such as a microcomputer executing software. This software is written with procedures shown in flow charts (FIGS. 25 and 26) to be described later.
- the control device 22 has communication means 11 , person determination means 12 , fluid analysis means 13 , comfort level calculation means 14 , and determination means 15 .
- the person determining means 12 has a position determining means 12a and an activity amount determining means 12b.
- FIG. 16 is a table showing examples of a plurality of control patterns stored in the storage device shown in FIG. 15.
- FIG. FIG. 17 is a table showing the relationship between the control patterns and boundary conditions shown in FIG.
- FIG. 16 shows that the air volume AF of the indoor fan 62 of the load side unit 6 can be changed in three stages from air volume AF1 to AF3.
- FIG. 16 shows that the wind direction AD by the wind direction adjusting section 63 of the load side unit 6 can be changed in three stages of wind directions AD1 to AD3.
- FIG. 16 shows that the temperature TA of the air blown out from the load side unit 6 can be changed in three stages of temperatures TA1 to TA3.
- there are 3 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 3 27 ventilation patterns of the load-side unit 6 .
- FIG. 16 shows that the air volume VF of the fan 41 can be changed in three stages from air volume VF1 to VF3.
- FIG. 16 shows that the wind direction VD by the wind direction adjusting unit 42 can be changed in three stages of wind directions VD1 to VD3.
- there are 3 ⁇ 3 9 air blowing patterns of the ventilator 4 .
- the control patterns for air blowing of the air conditioner 3 and the ventilator 4 are composed of combinations of 27 air blow patterns of the load side unit 6 and 9 air blow patterns of the ventilator 4. .
- There are 27 ⁇ 9 243 control patterns.
- the total number of control patterns is n (n is a positive integer)
- the identifier of each control pattern is denoted as CPj. Since the control pattern serves as a boundary condition for blowing air in the CFD fluid analysis, the identifier of the control pattern corresponds to the identifier of the boundary condition, as shown in FIG.
- a boundary condition database is constructed in the storage device 21.
- control parameters such as the air volume and the air direction will be explained assuming that there are three selectable stages as shown in FIG. is not limited to three stages.
- each means of the control device 22 When receiving the operating state information from each of the air conditioner 3 and the ventilator 4, the communication means 11 records it in the storage device 21 as the currently set control pattern CPc. Further, when receiving the control pattern set for the air conditioning device 3 and the ventilation device 4 from the determination means 15 , the communication means 11 transmits the received control pattern to the air conditioning device 3 and the ventilation device 4 . The communication means 11 transmits and receives information to and from the air conditioner 3 and the ventilator 4 according to TCP/IP, for example.
- the fluid analysis means 13 simulates the temperature distribution of the air-conditioned space for each control pattern using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics), which is an example of computational fluid analysis, and calculates the thermal environment distribution including the temperature distribution of the air-conditioned space, Estimate the air age distribution, which is the distribution of the air age, which is an index indicating the freshness of the air.
- the fluid analysis means 13 sequentially performs numerical fluid analysis on the boundary conditions in the boundary condition database described with reference to FIGS. Calculate Then, the fluid analysis means 13 obtains thermal environment distribution information including temperature distribution, humidity distribution, wind speed distribution and radiant heat distribution, and air age distribution information.
- the fluid analysis means 13 three-dimensionally models the air-conditioned space to be simulated using a standard three-dimensional fluid analysis model. Subsequently, the fluid analysis means 13 partitions the modeled space to be air-conditioned into a plurality of grids. Then, the fluid analysis means 13 adds the boundary condition gives the necessary initial conditions as Furthermore, the fluid analysis means 13 analyzes the pressure, air volume, temperature, etc. in each rectangular area based on the boundary conditions such as heat entering from the wall and internal heat generation using the determined turbulence model and difference scheme. .
- FIG. 18 is a top view showing an example of simulation of the temperature distribution of the air-conditioned space by the fluid analysis means shown in FIG. 19 is a side view showing an example of the temperature distribution shown in FIG. 18.
- FIG. 18 and 19 show the case where the air conditioner 3 is in cooling operation.
- the temperature relationship of the air layers 301 to 307 is temperature of the air layer 301 ⁇ temperature of the air layer 302 ⁇ temperature of the air layer 303 ⁇ ... ⁇ temperature of the air layer 307. .
- the temperature distribution on the XY coordinate plane at the person's height indicated by the dashed line 201 is the range that most affects the activity of the person. From FIG. 19, it can be seen that, among the CFD fluid analysis results by the fluid analysis means 13, attention should be paid to the thermal fluid analysis and the air age on the XY coordinate plane corresponding to the height of a person.
- the comfort index used for determination when the information processing device 2 determines the control pattern to be executed by the air conditioner 3 and the ventilation device 4 will be described.
- PMV which is the most common comfort index
- thermal environments are, for example, temperature, humidity, airflow and radiation.
- the visual environment is, for example, illuminance.
- the sound environment is, for example, sound pressure.
- a complex environment which is a combination of these environmental factors, affects the work fit and fatigue of a person working in that environment.
- the PMV is a value proposed by Professor Fanger of the Technical University of Denmark as an index that numerically evaluates human comfort and thermal sensation in a thermal environment. PMV was internationally standardized as ISO-7730 in 1984. PMV combines the heat load of the human body and the thermal sensation of the human body. Specifically, in the PMV, a heat balance formula for the human body is set up by elements on the air environment side and elements on the human body side. It is calculated by substituting the formula of Factors on the air environment side are not only air temperature, but also factors such as radiant temperature, radiant temperature, humidity and airflow. The factors on the human body side are factors such as the amount of human activity, the amount of clothing, and the average skin temperature.
- IPMV Intelligent PMV
- the IPMV value is a value based on PMV, but it is not the average value of the thermal sensation of the entire air-conditioned space, but rather the local thermal sensation that is the thermal sensation of the specified location by specifying the location and activity level of the person. It is a value that indicates the feeling. Local thermal sensation is sometimes referred to as local comfort level.
- An example of an expression representing IPMV is shown.
- M is the metabolic rate [W/m 2 ] and W is the mechanical work [W/m 2 ].
- Ed is the amount of insensible perspiration [W/m 2 ]
- Es is the amount of perspiration evaporative heat loss from the skin surface [W/m 2 ].
- Ere is the amount of latent heat loss due to respiration [W/m 2 ]
- Cre is the amount of sensible heat loss due to respiration [W/m 2 ].
- R is the amount of radiant heat loss [W/m 2 ] and C is the amount of convective heat loss [W/m 2 ].
- the values of the eight variables in formula (1) can be derived from the six values of room temperature, wind speed, radiant temperature and humidity, and the amount of clothing and activity of people in the room.
- room temperature, wind speed, and radiation temperature are values corresponding to each person's position. Therefore, here, the room temperature is the local temperature, the wind speed is the local wind speed, and the radiation temperature is the local radiation temperature.
- IPMV expresses local thermal sensations according to different biological information and positions in the analysis target space.
- the range of IPMV is -3 to +3.
- the amount of activity is an example of a person's biological information, and is expressed in units of exercise intensity called MET (Metabolic Equivalent). Various movements have been quantified using MET.
- FIG. 20 is a table showing examples of combinations describing types of activities and energy metabolic rates representing activity amounts. The amount of activity is calculated by Equation (2). For example, the activity level of a sleeping person is 0.7 MET, and the activity level of a person sitting quietly watching TV is 1 MET.
- the position determination means 12a analyzes the thermal image data detected by the infrared sensor 69 and determines the position of the person in the room.
- the position coordinates of the person in the room are calculated by applying the Pythagorean theorem to the tilt angle ⁇ v and the angle ⁇ h of the position determined to be a person.
- the activity amount determination means 12b analyzes the thermal image data detected by the infrared sensor 69 and determines the person's activity amount determined by the position determination means 12a.
- the storage device 21 stores in advance a table in which MET values are recorded corresponding to the shape and surface temperature of the person determined from the thermal image.
- the activity amount determining means 12b detects the shape and surface temperature of the person from the thermal image data, refers to the table, and determines the activity amount of the detected person.
- the comfort level calculation means 14 uses the thermal environment distribution information calculated by the fluid analysis means 13 to calculate the comfort index distribution (IPMV distribution), which is the distribution of local comfort indices. After calculating the IPMV distribution for each person's activity amount in the air-conditioned space, the comfort level calculation means 14 causes the storage device 21 to store the IPMV distribution and the IPMVk corresponding to each person's activity amount. Further, when the IPMV of a plurality of persons in the same room is to be improved comprehensively, the comfort level calculation means 14 calculates a comfort efficiency indicating the overall comfort level of the plurality of people.
- IPMV distribution the comfort index distribution
- the comfort efficiency ⁇ for each of the plurality of control patterns is calculated using Equation (3) using information on the position and amount of activity of the user in the room.
- Equation (3) k is an identification number that differs for each user, and K is the number of users in the room.
- K is the number of users in the room.
- K ⁇ 1 K ⁇ 1
- K 3.
- the target value of the local comfort index IPMV is set within ⁇ 0.5.
- the target value of the local comfort index IPMVk may be changed from within ⁇ 0.5 to within ⁇ 1, . . . within ⁇ 3.
- the comfort efficiency within ⁇ 0.5 of IPMVk is denoted as ⁇ 0.5
- the comfort efficiency within ⁇ 1 of IPMVk is denoted as ⁇ 1
- the comfort efficiency within ⁇ 3 of IPMVk is denoted as ⁇ 0.5.
- the comfort efficiency is denoted as ⁇ 3 .
- the determination means 15 extracts control patterns whose local comfort index satisfies a predetermined comfort standard from among the plurality of control patterns.
- the comfort standard is, for example, a condition in which IPMV is within ⁇ 0.5.
- the determination means 15 extracts a control pattern in which the air age at the person's position satisfies a predetermined air quality standard, from among the plurality of control patterns.
- the air quality standard is, for example, the condition that the air age is 125 seconds or more.
- the determining means 15 selects, for each person, a control pattern in which the local comfort index satisfies the comfort standard and the air age satisfies the air quality standard, among the plurality of control patterns.
- the control pattern to be set to 4 is determined.
- the determination means 15 does not try to neutralize the IPMV in the entire area of the room, but determines the control pattern so that the IPMV of the position where the person is present is close to neutral, and the IPMV of the position where the person is not is determined as the control pattern. Not included in the determining factor.
- FIG. 21 is an image diagram showing an example of positions of a plurality of persons detected by the person determination means shown in FIG.
- FIG. 21 shows three users MA, MB and MC detected and the XY coordinates of each user.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an example of a table in which the positions and activity amounts of a plurality of persons determined by the person determining means shown in FIG. 15 are stored in the storage device.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram schematically showing that in the room shown in FIG. 2, outside air is supplied from the ventilation device and the air age varies depending on the position.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram schematically showing the procedure of information processing by the information processing apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. Rfa shown in FIG. 24 means the air quality standard value, for example, 125s.
- Rfcm shown in FIG. 24 means a comfort standard value, for example, 0.5.
- m is the number of people in the room, and n is the maximum value of the boundary condition BC (control pattern CP).
- 25 and 26 are flowcharts showing operation procedures of the information processing apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- step S101 shown in FIG. 25 the communication means 11 acquires environmental state information from the air conditioner 3.
- the communication means 11 acquires thermal image data detected by the infrared sensor 69 from the air conditioning apparatus 3 as information (thermal radiation state) indicating the position of the person and the activity state of the person.
- step S102 the communication means 11 acquires operating state information from each of the air conditioner 3 and the ventilator 4. Further, the information indicating the operating state of the air conditioner 3 has a blowing pattern including the temperature Ta detected by the temperature sensor 68, the air flow rate AF in the load side unit 6, and the wind direction AD. The information indicating the operating state of the ventilator 4 has a blowing pattern including the air volume VF and the wind direction VD. Information indicating the operating state of the air conditioner 3 may include information on the frequency of the compressor 51 , the condensing temperature, the evaporating temperature, and the degree of opening of the expansion valve 53 .
- the position determining means 12a determines the XY coordinate position of each person from the thermal image data, and acquires information on the position of each person. Specifically, the position determining means 12a determines the position of the user MA as coordinates (2, 3), the position of the user MB as coordinates (5, 7), and the position of user MC as coordinates (8, 7). 7). In step S104, the activity amount determining means 12b determines the activity amount of each person from the thermal image data, and acquires information on the activity amount of each person.
- the fluid analysis means 13 sets the environmental state, the operating state, and the position and amount of activity of each person in the room as data for analysis.
- the fluid analysis means 13 refers to the boundary condition database.
- the boundary condition database includes a table (FIG. 16) showing control patterns for changing the air blowing pattern of the load side unit 6 and the air blowing pattern of the ventilator 4 in stages, and a table showing the correspondence relationship between the control patterns and the boundary conditions ( 17).
- the fluid analysis means 13 refers to the boundary condition database and confirms the control pattern CPc being executed based on the information on the operating state acquired in step S102.
- the fluid analysis means 13 refers to the maximum identifier value of the boundary conditions registered in the boundary condition database, and confirms the maximum number of CFD fluid analyses.
- step S106 the fluid analysis means 13 determines whether or not the determined maximum number of CFD fluid analyzes has been completed.
- step S107 the fluid analysis means 13 performs CFD analysis on the boundary conditions BC in order from the boundary conditions BC1.
- the fluid analysis means 13 calculates a thermal environment distribution including a temperature distribution, a humidity distribution and a wind speed distribution for the boundary condition BC to be analyzed.
- the fluid analysis means 13 also calculates the air age distribution for the boundary condition BC to be analyzed.
- step S108 the fluid analysis means 13 causes the storage device 21 to store the thermal environment distribution information and the air age distribution information.
- the comfort level calculation means 14 calculates a comfort index distribution based on the thermal environment distribution information.
- the determining means 15 refers to the comfort index distribution and the air age distribution, and extracts IPMVk and air age at the position of each person in the room based on the position and activity amount of each person in the room.
- step S110 the determination means 15 determines whether the IPMVk satisfies the comfort standard and whether the air age satisfies the air quality standard for each person in the room, and generates a table recording the results. and store it in the storage device 21.
- the comfort standard is that IPMVk is within ⁇ 0.5
- the air quality standard is that the air age is within 125 seconds.
- step S111 the determination means 15 determines whether or not the IPMVk of each person in the room satisfies the comfort standard under the boundary condition BC to be analyzed. If IPMVk of any one of users MA, MB, and MC does not satisfy the comfort standard, determination means 15 returns to step S106 and instructs fluid analysis means 13 for the next boundary condition BC.
- step S111 if the IPMVk of all the users MA, MB, and MC satisfy the comfort standard, the determining means 15 determines that the air ages of all the people in the room satisfy the air quality standard for the boundary condition BC to be analyzed. It is determined whether or not (step S112).
- step S112 if there is a boundary condition BC in which both the IPMVk and the air age of all persons in the room satisfy their respective standards, the determination means 15 selects that boundary condition BC (step S113). Then, the determination means 15 determines the control pattern CP corresponding to the selected boundary condition BC (step S117). After that, the determining means 15 transmits the determined control pattern to the air conditioner 3 and the ventilator 4 (step S118).
- FIG. 27 is a table showing an example of a table recorded in the storage device in the process of step S110 shown in FIG.
- boundary conditions BC1 to BC105 both IPMVk and air age of all room occupants do not satisfy the respective criteria, but boundary condition BC106 is both IPMVk and air age of all room occupants. satisfies each criterion.
- the determination means 15 transmits the control pattern CP106 to the air conditioner 3 and the ventilator 4 in step S118.
- step S112 if the air age of any one of the users MA, MB, and MC does not satisfy the air quality standard, the determination means 15 returns to step S106 and instructs the fluid analysis means 13 on the next boundary condition BC. .
- step S106 if the determination means 15 determines all the boundary conditions BC1 to BC243 and no boundary condition that satisfies both the IPMV and air age criteria is found, the process proceeds to step S114.
- step S114 the determination unit 15 extracts, from among the boundary conditions BC1 to BC243, the boundary conditions in which the air ages of all persons in the room satisfy the air quality standard.
- the determination means 15 transmits information on the extracted boundary conditions to the comfort level calculation means 14 .
- step S115 the comfort level calculation means 14 relaxes the IPMV criteria and calculates the comfort efficiency ⁇ .
- the comfort level calculation means 14 relaxes the IPMVk standard to within ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 1.5 , . 3 is calculated.
- FIG. 28 is a table showing an example of a table recorded in the storage device in step S115 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 28 shows the comfort efficiency when the IPMV standard is relaxed with respect to the boundary conditions extracted in step S114.
- FIG. 28 shows five boundary conditions BC, BC2, BC5, BC101, BC199 and BC243, where the air age of all occupants satisfies the air quality standard when the air quality standard is relaxed within ⁇ 3.
- the comfort level calculation means 14 calculates the comfort efficiency ⁇ 0.5 when IPMVk is ⁇ 0.5, the comfort efficiency ⁇ 1 when IPMVk is ⁇ 1, and the comfort efficiency ⁇ 1 when IPMVk is ⁇ 2.
- the comfort efficiency ⁇ 2 when IPMVk is ⁇ 3 and the comfort efficiency ⁇ 3 when IPMVk is ⁇ 3 are calculated.
- step S116 the determining means 15 refers to the table shown in FIG. 28 and determines the boundary condition with the highest comfort efficiency ⁇ among the five boundary conditions in which the air age of all persons in the room satisfies the air quality standard. After selecting the boundary condition BC in step S116, the determination means 15 proceeds to the process of step S117.
- step S119 the determination means 15 determines whether or not a certain period of time has elapsed since the control pattern was last transmitted to the air conditioner 3 and the ventilation device 4. If the fixed time has not passed, the control device 22 enters a standby state. If the predetermined time has elapsed as a result of the determination in step S119, the control device 22 returns to the process of step S101 shown in FIG.
- step S115 shown in FIG. 25 the comfort level calculation means 14 sequentially calculates the comfort efficiency ⁇ for the boundary conditions extracted by the determination means 15, but the present invention is not limited to this case.
- the determination means 15 generates history information that combines the conditions including the heat load and the information of the control pattern that maximizes the comfort efficiency ⁇ , and refers to the history information to further narrow down the number of control patterns to be calculated. may In this case, the load of arithmetic processing by the comfort level calculation means 14 is reduced.
- step S117 when the determination means 15 selects a boundary condition that maximizes the comfort efficiency ⁇ in step S116 shown in FIG. 25, in step S117, the control pattern corresponding to the boundary condition is specified.
- the determination means 15 causes the storage device 21 to store, as load data, a combination of an input condition including the heat load of the air-conditioned space and a control pattern that maximizes the comfort efficiency ⁇ .
- a plurality of load data are stored in the storage device 21 in chronological order.
- the determination means 15 narrows down the number of control patterns to be executed by the comfort level calculation means 14 among the plurality of control patterns, based on the plurality of load data stored in chronological order. Therefore, in step S115 shown in FIG. 25, the number of comfort efficiencies .zeta. can do. As a result, the computation processing load of the comfort level calculation means 14 is reduced.
- Embodiment 1 the case where there are a plurality of people in the air-conditioned space has been described, but the number of people in the air-conditioned space may be one.
- the air conditioning system 1 of Embodiment 1 includes an air conditioning device 3, a ventilation device 4, a detection means 7, a storage device 21 functioning as a storage means, a fluid analysis means 13, and a comfort level calculation means 14. , and determination means 15 .
- the detection means 7 detects the environmental conditions including the temperature of the air in the air-conditioned space, and the positions and activities of people in the air-conditioned space.
- the storage device 21 stores a plurality of control patterns that are combinations of a plurality of blowing patterns of the air blown into the air-conditioned space by the air conditioner 3 and a plurality of blowing patterns of the outside air supplied to the air-conditioned space by the ventilator 4. Store CP.
- the fluid analysis means 13 uses the operating state information of each of the air conditioner 3 and the ventilation device 4 and the environmental state information detected by the detection means 7 to obtain thermal environment distribution information for each of the plurality of control patterns CP. and air age distribution information.
- the comfort level calculation means 14 calculates a local comfort index from the person's position and activity state detected by the detection means 7 in correspondence with each piece of thermal environment distribution information.
- the determination means 15 selects a control pattern CP in which the local comfort index satisfies a predetermined comfort standard and the air age at the person's position satisfies a predetermined air quality standard, among the plurality of control patterns CP. , the control pattern CP to be set for the air conditioner 3 and the ventilator 4 .
- both the local comfort index and the air age of the person in the room are obtained from a plurality of control patterns in correspondence with the indoor environmental state and the position and activity state of the person in the room.
- a control pattern that meets the criteria is determined. Therefore, by operating the air conditioner 3 and the ventilator 4 according to a control pattern that satisfies both the local comfort index and the air age criteria, both the health and comfort of the people in the room can be achieved.
- Embodiment 2 the air conditioner 3 executes part of the processing executed by the information processing apparatus 2 described in the first embodiment.
- the same reference numerals are assigned to the same configurations as those described in the first embodiment, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- FIG. 29 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of an air conditioner in the air conditioning system according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 30 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of an information processing device in the air conditioning system according to Embodiment 2.
- the controller 30a of the air conditioner 3 of Embodiment 2 has a person determination means 12 in addition to the means shown in FIG. 11, compared with the configuration shown in FIG.
- the control device 22a of the information processing device 2 of the second embodiment is not provided with the person determination means 12, as compared with the configuration shown in FIG. That is, in the second embodiment, the controller 30a is provided with the person determining means 12 provided in the control device 22 in the first embodiment.
- part of the processing executed by the information processing device 2 described in the first embodiment is executed by the air conditioning device 3 .
- the processing executed by the air conditioning device 3 instead of the information processing device 2 is not limited to the person determining means 12 .
- a device other than the air conditioning device 3, such as a computer connected to the network 100, may perform part of the processing performed by the information processing device 2.
- Embodiment 3 in the third embodiment, in the information processing apparatus 2 described in the first embodiment, the comfort of the person in the air-conditioned space and the air quality are highly likely to satisfy the respective criteria, and priority is given to boundary conditions for fluid analysis. is performed.
- Embodiment 3 the same components as those described in Embodiment 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- FIG. 31 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of an information processing device in an air conditioning system according to Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 31 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of an information processing device in an air conditioning system according to Embodiment 3.
- the control device 22b has target setting means 16 and inverse analysis means 17 in addition to the configuration shown in FIG.
- the reverse analysis means 17 has evaluation means 18 and input modification means 19 .
- the fluid analysis means 13 sequentially performs fluid analysis on a plurality of control patterns. conduct. In other words, when the fluid analysis means 13 acquires the information on the environmental state detected by the detection means 7, the position of the person, and the activity state of the person, the fluid analysis means 13 performs a fluid analysis on the control pattern CPc being executed.
- the fluid analysis means 13 causes the storage device 21 to store the thermal environment distribution information and the air age distribution information calculated by the fluid analysis.
- the comfort level calculation means 14 uses the thermal environment distribution information calculated by the fluid analysis means 13 and the information on the positions and activity levels of people detected by the detection means 7 to determine the room temperature. Calculate the IPMV of a person in The comfort level calculator 14 stores the calculated IPMV in the storage device 21 . The position and amount of activity of the person detected by the detection means 7 are determined by the person determination means 12 and stored in the storage device 21 .
- the target setting means 16 reads the air age at the position of the person detected by the detection means 7 from the air age distribution information stored in the storage device 21, and reads the IPMV of the person detected by the detection means 7 from the storage device 21. .
- the target setting means 16 sets respective target values of the air age at the position of the person detected by the detection means 7 and the IPMV of the person detected by the detection means 7 .
- the evaluation means 18 compares the sensitivities of a plurality of control parameters with respect to sensitivities that are degrees of influence for bringing the calculated air age and IPMV closer to their respective target values, and extracts control parameters with relatively high sensitivities.
- the control parameters are, for example, air volume AF, wind direction AD, temperature TA, air volume VF and wind direction VD.
- the input changing means 19 changes the setting conditions of the control parameters extracted by the evaluating means 18 . Then, the input change means 19 transmits, to the fluid analysis means 13, the change information including the control parameters extracted by the evaluation means 18 and the change details of the setting conditions of the control parameters for the input conditions of the next CFD fluid analysis. .
- the fluid analysis means 13 Upon receiving the change information from the input change means 19, the fluid analysis means 13 sets the input conditions for the next CFD analysis according to the change information. Specifically, the fluid analysis means 13 updates the setting condition of the in-execution control pattern Cpc according to the change information. Then, the fluid analysis means 13 performs CFD fluid analysis for the updated input conditions to calculate thermal environment distribution information and air age distribution information.
- FIG. 32 is a flow chart showing operation procedures of the information processing apparatus according to the third embodiment.
- step S201 corresponds to the processing of steps S101 and S102 shown in FIG. 25
- step S203 corresponds to the processing of steps S103 and S104 shown in FIG. omitted.
- a case where there are a plurality of people in the room will be described.
- step S202 shown in FIG. 32 the fluid analysis means 13 performs fluid analysis on the control pattern CPc being executed.
- the fluid analysis means 13 causes the storage device 21 to store the thermal environment distribution information and the air age distribution information calculated by the fluid analysis.
- step S204 the target setting means 16 sets target values of the air age and IPMV at each person's position for each of the plurality of people in the room.
- FIG. 33 is a diagram schematically showing the procedure of the inverse analysis process shown in step S205 of FIG.
- the evaluation means 18 compares the sensitivities of a plurality of control parameters with respect to the sensitivities that bring the IPMV and the air age closer to the respective target values for each person, and extracts control parameters with relatively high sensitivities.
- the evaluation means 18 generates a table in which the calculated sensitivity information is recorded, and stores the table in the storage device 21 .
- FIG. 34 is a table showing an example of sensitivity information recorded in the reverse analysis process shown in step S205 of FIG.
- the evaluation means 18 accumulates the sensitivity calculated for each control parameter in a table as shown in FIG. Referring to the example shown in FIG. 34, for a person at position 1 in the room, the sensitivities of the air volume AF and air volume VF control parameters are relatively large compared to the sensitivities of the other control parameters. For the person at position 2 in the room, the sensitivity of the wind direction AD control parameter is relatively large compared to the sensitivity of the other control parameters. For the person at position 3 in the room, the sensitivity of the wind direction VD control parameter is relatively large compared to the sensitivity of the other control parameters.
- the evaluation means 18 extracts control parameters with relatively high sensitivity for each position where a person is present.
- the input changing means 19 changes the setting conditions of the control parameters extracted by the evaluating means so that the IPMV and the air age approach the target values corresponding to the position of each person. .
- the input change means 19 transmits change information to the fluid analysis means 13 .
- the fluid analysis means 13 Upon receiving the change information from the input change means 19, the fluid analysis means 13 updates the input conditions for the next CFD analysis according to the change information. Then, the fluid analysis means 13 performs CFD fluid analysis for the updated input conditions to calculate thermal environment distribution information and air age distribution information. In this way, the control device 22b repeats calculations for feeding back the results of the CFD fluid analysis to the input conditions for the next CFD fluid analysis.
- the comfort level calculation means 14 calculates each person's IPMV based on the thermal environment distribution information. Moreover, the determination means 15 reads each person's air age from the air age distribution information. Then, the determining means 15 determines whether the IPMV satisfies the comfort standard and the air age satisfies the air quality standard for each person.
- the determination means 15 sets the current setting conditions for each control parameter (step S206). Then, the determination means 15 determines a control pattern that matches the setting condition of each control parameter set in step S32 from among the plurality of control patterns (step S207). After that, the determining means 15 transmits the determined control pattern information to the air conditioner 3 and the ventilator 4 in the same manner as in step S118 shown in FIG.
- the reverse analysis process described with reference to FIG. 33 repeats calculations for feeding back the results of the CFD fluid analysis to the input conditions for the next CFD fluid analysis.
- a search technique such as a genetic algorithm or an adjoint method may be used to improve the computational efficiency of the inverse analysis process.
- fluid analysis is performed with priority given to boundary conditions that are highly likely to satisfy standards for the comfort of people in the air-conditioned space and for air quality. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the number of times of fluid analysis processing until a control pattern is found that satisfies the respective criteria for the comfort of people in the air-conditioned space and the air quality. As a result, the computational processing load of the control device 22 can be reduced.
- the third embodiment has been described based on the air conditioning system 1 of the first embodiment, the third embodiment may be applied to the air conditioning system 1 of the second embodiment.
- infrared sensor 69 detects the position and amount of activity of a person has been described. do not have.
- activity amount detection means for detecting the amount of activity of a person may be provided in a sensor other than the infrared sensor 69 .
- a sensor that detects a person's activity level may be, for example, a wearable sensor mounted on a wearable terminal such as a wristwatch.
- the active mass detection means is a wearable sensor will be described below.
- FIG. 35 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an air conditioning system of Modification 1.
- FIG. 35 the same components as those described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 15 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted in the first modification.
- the air conditioning system 1a includes an air conditioning device 3 to which a position detecting means 73 that detects the position of a person is connected, a ventilation device 4, an information processing device 2, an access point (AP) 120, and each person. and a wearable terminal 110 attached to the device.
- the position detection means 73 is the infrared sensor 69 shown in FIG.
- the AP 120 is provided in the room, which is the space to be air-conditioned by the air conditioner 3 .
- the AP 120 has short-range wireless communication means (not shown) such as Bluetooth (registered trademark) and network communication means (not shown) compatible with the communication protocol of the network 100 .
- the communication protocol is TCP/IP, for example.
- the wearable terminal 110 is, for example, in the form of a wristwatch or bracelet.
- the wearable terminal 110 has activity amount detection means 74 that detects a pulse as a person's activity amount at regular intervals. The amount of activity may be the user's skin temperature.
- Wearable terminal 110 also has a memory (not shown) that stores a terminal identifier, which is an identifier that differs for each terminal, and a program, and a CPU (not shown) that executes processing according to the program.
- the CPU (not shown) of the wearable terminal 110 transmits information on the amount of activity and user information including a terminal identifier to the information processing device 2 via the AP 120 and the network 100.
- a memory (not shown) of wearable terminal 110 may store the XY coordinates of the installation position of AP 120 .
- a CPU (not shown) of the wearable terminal 110 refers to the strength of radio waves with the AP 120 and estimates the distance from the installation position of the AP 120 . Then, the CPU (not shown) of wearable terminal 110 includes information on the estimated position in the user information as information on the position of the person.
- the CPU (not shown) of the wearable terminal 110 compares the strength of the radio waves of the plurality of APs 120 to more accurately estimate the user's position in the room. can do.
- the control device 22 of the information processing device 2 associates user information received from the wearable terminal 110 with user position information detected by the position detection means 73 . Thereby, the control device 22 can associate the position of each person specified by the XY coordinates in the room with the amount of activity.
- the control device 22 associates the information on the position of the person received from the infrared sensor 69 with the information on the position included in the user information received from the wearable terminal 110 .
- Information on the position of the person may not be received from the sensor 69 .
- the XY coordinates pre-stored for the room by the storage device 21 and the XY coordinates indicating the position of the person estimated by the wearable terminal 110 may match.
- the infrared sensor 69 may not be provided in the air conditioning system 1a.
- the information processing device 2 accurately acquires information on the position and amount of activity for each person in steps S103 to S104 shown in FIG. 25 even if there are a plurality of people in the air-conditioned space. can. As a result, it is possible to not only perform air conditioning more suitable for the amount of activity of each of a plurality of people, but also improve the air quality.
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Abstract
Description
本実施の形態1の空気調和システム1の構成を説明する。図1は、実施の形態1に係る空気調和システムの一構成例を示す図である。図1に示すように、空気調和システム1は、空調対象空間となる室内の空気を調和する空気調和装置3と、室内に外気を供給する換気装置4と、検出手段7と、情報処理装置2とを有する。図1に示す構成例においては、検出手段7は空気調和装置3に接続されている。
本実施の形態2は、実施の形態1で説明した情報処理装置2が実行する処理の一部を空気調和装置3が実行するものである。本実施の形態2においては、実施の形態1で説明した構成と同一の構成について同一の符号を付し、その詳細な説明を省略する。
本実施の形態3は、実施の形態1で説明した情報処理装置2において、空調対象空間に居る人の快適性および空気質がそれぞれの基準を満たす可能性の高い境界条件を優先して流体解析を行うものである。本実施の形態3においては、実施の形態1で説明した構成と同一の構成について同一の符号を付し、その詳細な説明を省略する。
図35は、変形例1の空気調和システムの一構成例を示す図である。図35に示す構成においては、図1~図15を参照して説明した構成と同一の構成について同一の符号を付し、本変形例1においては、その詳細な説明を省略する。
Claims (13)
- 空調対象空間を空気調和する空気調和装置と、
前記空調対象空間に外気を供給する換気装置と、
前記空調対象空間における空気の温度を含む環境状態と、前記空調対象空間に居る人の位置および前記人の活動状態とを検出する検出手段と、
前記空気調和装置によって前記空調対象空間に吹き出される空気の複数の送風パターンと前記換気装置によって前記空調対象空間に供給される前記外気の複数の送風パターンとの組み合わせである複数の制御パターンを記憶する記憶手段と、
前記空気調和装置および前記換気装置のそれぞれの運転状態の情報と前記検出手段によって検出された前記環境状態の情報とを用いて、前記複数の制御パターン毎に、前記空調対象空間における温熱環境分布情報と、空気の新鮮度を示す指標である空気齢の分布である空気齢分布情報とを計算する流体解析手段と、
前記各温熱環境分布情報に対応して、前記検出手段によって検出された前記人の位置および前記人の活動状態から前記人の快適度を示す局所快適性指標を計算する快適度算出手段と、
前記複数の制御パターンから、前記局所快適性指標が予め決められた快適性基準を満たし、かつ、前記人の位置の前記空気齢が予め決められた空気質基準を満たす制御パターンを、前記空気調和装置および前記換気装置に設定する制御パターンとして決定する判定手段と、
を有する空気調和システム。 - 前記空調対象空間の熱放射状態を示す熱画像データから前記人の位置および活動量を求める人判定手段を有し、
前記検出手段は、前記空調対象空間における前記人の位置および前記人の活動状態として前記熱放射状態を検出する赤外線センサを有する、
請求項1に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記検出手段は、
前記人に装着され、前記人の活動状態として前記人の活動量を検出するウェアラブル端末と、
前記空調対象空間における前記人の位置を検出する赤外線センサと、を有する、
請求項1に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記検出手段は、前記人に装着されるウェアラブル端末を有し、
前記ウェアラブル端末は、前記空調対象空間における前記人の位置、および前記人の活動状態として前記人の活動量を検出する、
請求項1に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記快適度算出手段は、
前記流体解析手段によって順次計算される前記温熱環境分布情報に基づいて、前記空調対象空間における前記局所快適性指標の分布である快適性指標分布を前記活動量に対応して算出し、
前記活動量に対応する快適性指標分布から前記人の位置に対応する前記局所快適性指標を読み出し、前記空気齢分布情報から前記人の位置に対応する前記空気齢を読み出す、
請求項2~4のいずれか1項に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記複数の制御パターンのそれぞれを境界条件とする境界条件データベースが前記記憶手段に構成され、
前記流体解析手段は、
前記空気調和装置および前記換気装置のそれぞれの運転状態の情報と、前記環境状態の情報とを用いて、前記境界条件データベースの前記複数の制御パターンに対して1つずつ予め決められた流体解析モデルを用いて流体解析を行って前記温熱環境分布情報および前記空気齢分布情報を計算し、計算した前記温熱環境分布情報および前記空気齢分布情報を前記記憶手段に記憶させる、
請求項5に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記判定手段は、
前記検出手段によって複数の人が検出された場合、前記複数の制御パターンのうち、前記複数の人の前記局所快適性指標が前記快適性基準を満たし、かつ、前記複数の人の位置の前記空気齢が前記空気質基準を満たす制御パターンを、前記空気調和装置および前記換気装置に設定する制御パターンに決定する、
請求項6に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記判定手段は、
前記複数の制御パターンのうち、前記複数の人の前記局所快適性指標が前記快適性基準を満たす制御パターンがない場合、前記複数の制御パターンから、前記複数の人の前記空気齢が前記空気質基準を満たす制御パターンを抽出し、
前記快適度算出手段は、
前記判定手段によって抽出された前記制御パターンに対応する前記温熱環境分布情報を参照し、前記複数の人の前記局所快適性指標を用いて、抽出された前記制御パターン毎に前記複数の人の総合的な快適度を示す快適効率を算出し、算出された前記快適効率が最大になる制御パターンを、前記空気調和装置および前記換気装置に設定する制御パターンに決定する、
請求項7に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記温熱環境分布情報は、前記空調対象空間における、温度分布、湿度分布、風速分布および放射熱分布の情報を含み、
前記快適度算出手段は、
前記複数の人毎に異なる識別番号をkとし、前記識別番号kの人の前記局所快適性指標をIPMVkとし、kを2以上の整数とし、前記快適効率をζとすると、抽出された前記制御パターン毎の前記快適効率を、
ζ=(1-2|IPMV1|)×(1-2|IPMV2|)×・・・×(1-2|IPMVk|)×・・・(1-2|IPMVK|)×100%
の式を用いて算出する、
請求項8に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記判定手段は、
前記空調対象空間の熱負荷を含む入力条件と前記快適効率が最大となる前記制御パターンとの組み合わせである負荷データを時系列で前記記憶手段に記憶させ、前記時系列で記憶した複数の前記負荷データに基づいて、抽出した前記制御パターンから前記快適度算出手段に前記快適効率を算出させる対象となる制御パターンをさらに絞る、
請求項8または9に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記検出手段によって検出された前記人の位置の前記空気齢および前記人の前記局所快適性指標のそれぞれの目標値を設定する目標設定手段と、
前記空気齢および前記局所快適性指標をそれぞれの前記目標値に近づけるための影響度である感度について、前記空気調和装置および前記換気装置のそれぞれの前記送風パターンに含まれる複数の制御パラメータの前記感度を比較し、相対的に感度が大きい制御パラメータを抽出する評価手段と、
前記評価手段によって抽出された前記制御パラメータの設定条件を変更する入力変更手段と、をさらに有し、
前記流体解析手段は、
前記検出手段によって検出された前記環境状態ならびに前記人の位置および前記人の活動状態の情報を取得すると、前記空気調和装置および前記換気装置のそれぞれの前記運転状態に対応する制御パターンである実行中制御パターンに対して予め決められた流体解析モデルを用いて流体解析を行って前記温熱環境分布情報および前記空気齢分布情報を計算し、
前記実行中制御パターンに対して、前記評価手段によって抽出された前記制御パラメータの設定条件を前記入力変更手段によって変更された前記設定条件に更新し、更新した制御パターンについて前記温熱環境分布情報および前記空気齢分布情報を計算する、
請求項5に記載の空気調和システム。 - 空調対象空間を空気調和する空気調和装置と、前記空調対象空間に外気を供給する換気装置と、前記空調対象空間における空気の温度を含む環境状態ならびに前記空調対象空間に居る人の位置および前記人の活動状態を検出する検出手段とのそれぞれと接続される情報処理装置であって、
前記空気調和装置によって前記空調対象空間に吹き出される空気の複数の送風パターンと前記換気装置によって前記空調対象空間に供給される前記外気の複数の送風パターンとの組み合わせである複数の制御パターンを記憶する記憶装置と、
前記空気調和装置および前記換気装置のそれぞれの運転状態の情報と前記検出手段によって検出された前記環境状態の情報とを用いて、前記複数の制御パターン毎に、前記空調対象空間における温熱環境分布情報と、空気の新鮮度を示す指標である空気齢の分布である空気齢分布情報とを計算し、前記各温熱環境分布情報に対応して、前記検出手段によって検出された前記人の位置および前記人の活動状態から前記人の快適度を示す局所快適性指標を計算し、前記複数の制御パターンから、前記局所快適性指標が予め決められた快適性基準を満たし、かつ、前記人の位置の前記空気齢が予め決められた空気質基準を満たす制御パターンを、前記空気調和装置および前記換気装置に設定する制御パターンとして決定する制御装置と、
を有する情報処理装置。 - 空調対象空間を空気調和する空気調和装置と、前記空調対象空間に外気を供給する換気装置と、前記空調対象空間における空気の温度を含む環境状態ならびに前記空調対象空間に居る人の位置および前記人の活動状態を検出する検出手段とのそれぞれと接続される情報処理装置による空調機器の制御方法であって、
前記空気調和装置によって前記空調対象空間に吹き出される空気の複数の送風パターンと前記換気装置によって前記空調対象空間に供給される前記外気の複数の送風パターンとの組み合わせである複数の制御パターンを記憶するステップと、
前記空気調和装置および前記換気装置のそれぞれの運転状態の情報と前記検出手段によって検出された前記環境状態の情報とを用いて、前記複数の制御パターン毎に、前記空調対象空間における温熱環境分布情報と、空気の新鮮度を示す指標である空気齢の分布である空気齢分布情報とを計算するステップと、
前記各温熱環境分布情報に対応して、前記検出手段によって検出された前記人の位置および前記人の活動状態から前記人の快適度を示す局所快適性指標を計算するステップと、
前記複数の制御パターンから、前記局所快適性指標が予め決められた快適性基準を満たし、かつ、前記人の位置の前記空気齢が予め決められた空気質基準を満たす制御パターンを、前記空気調和装置および前記換気装置に設定する制御パターンとして決定するステップと、
を有する空調機器の制御方法。
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