WO2023056837A1 - 快速毒检方法、一分钟快速毒检装置及分布式毒检系统 - Google Patents
快速毒检方法、一分钟快速毒检装置及分布式毒检系统 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of drug detection, in particular to a rapid drug detection method, a one-minute rapid drug detection device and a distributed drug detection system.
- Drug detection devices can be divided into rapid drug detection devices and fine detection devices.
- the rapid drug detection device generally uses detection test paper for detection. Although the detection accuracy is not high, it is small in size and fast in detection speed, and has the advantages of being easy to carry, such as drug testing sticks, etc.;
- the fine detection device is generally equipped with a centrifuge or element Larger equipment such as detectors have high detection accuracy, but they are bulky and bulky, and difficult to carry, such as urine testing devices, blood testing devices, hair testing devices, sweat testing devices, saliva testing devices and kidney testing devices. Functional testing device, etc.
- supervisors When inspecting specific places, supervisors generally need to conduct drug inspections (general inspections) on everyone. If the inspection takes too long, it will easily cause confusion and greatly increase the difficulty of general inspections. Therefore, at present, supervisors generally use rapid drug detection devices to conduct general inspections on inspected personnel.
- the current detection process using the rapid drug detection device is as follows:
- test paper will gradually change color or produce a change in the visual effect of the fluorescent lamp
- test strip can fully react with saliva.
- supervisor can judge whether the person under test has taken drugs by checking the visual effect changes of the test strip.
- the currently used drug detection device generally takes more than 5 minutes to complete the drug detection. Although the detection speed is faster than that of the fine detection device, it is still difficult to meet the requirements when a large number of inspected persons need to be inspected.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a rapid drug detection method, a one-minute rapid drug detection device and a distributed drug detection system, which can effectively reduce the detection time, improve the detection efficiency, and further reduce the difficulty of general inspection.
- the present invention provides a quick drug detection method, comprising:
- a drug abuse model is provided, and the drug abuse model is used to judge whether the poison content of the sample to be tested exceeds a critical value according to the change of the visual effect of the detection test paper;
- judging whether the toxic content of the sample to be tested exceeds the critical value includes: preparing a calibration sample with a toxic content of the critical value; making the calibration sample react with the calibration test paper, and obtaining the visual effects of the calibration test paper at several moments during the entire reaction process intensity, and calculate the rate of change of visual effect intensity corresponding to each visual effect intensity; draw a drug addiction critical curve representing the mapping relationship between the rate of change of visual effect intensity of the calibration test paper and the visual effect intensity.
- obtaining the change of the measured visual effect of the detection test paper includes: within a specified period of time before the sample to be tested fully reacts with the detection test paper, obtain the visual effect intensity of the detection test paper at several moments, and calculate and obtain the visual effect intensity of each visual effect.
- the rate of change of the intensity of the visual effect corresponding to the intensity of the effect; drawing an actual measurement curve representing the mapping relationship between the rate of change of the intensity of the visual effect of the detection test paper and the intensity of the visual effect.
- the starting point of the specified time period is the moment when the detection test paper starts to react.
- the preliminary determination of whether the toxin content of the sample to be tested exceeds the critical value is specifically: according to the relative positional relationship between the critical curve of drug abuse and the measured curve, the preliminary determination of whether the toxin content of the sample to be tested is Threshold value exceeded.
- the method further includes: performing a re-examination with higher detection accuracy on the inspected persons who are preliminarily judged that the toxin content of the sample to be inspected exceeds the critical value.
- the method further includes: obtaining the past drug use records of the inspected persons.
- the method further includes: updating the drug use records.
- a one-minute rapid drug detection device including:
- Plug-in drug test card used to make the sample to be tested react with the test paper
- Portable terminal for:
- a drug abuse model is provided, and the drug abuse model is used to judge whether the poison content of the sample to be tested exceeds a critical value according to the change of the visual effect of the detection test paper;
- a distributed drug detection system including a central device and several above-mentioned one-minute rapid drug detection devices;
- the central device is provided with a precise detection device, and both the one-minute rapid drug detection device and the fine detection device are used for drug detection, wherein the detection speed of the one-minute rapid drug detection device is faster than that of the fine detection device , and the detection accuracy of the precise detection device is higher than that of the one-minute rapid drug detection device.
- the beneficial effects of the present invention are: providing a rapid drug detection method, a one-minute rapid drug detection device and a distributed drug detection system, after providing the drug abuse model, the acquisition time of the visual effect change of the detection test paper can be advanced, thereby shortening the detection time and improve detection efficiency.
- Fig. 1 is the flowchart of the rapid drug detection method provided by the embodiment
- Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram when the measured curve provided by the embodiment falls into the positive region
- FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the distributed drug detection system provided by the embodiment.
- Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the plug-in drug detection card provided by the embodiment.
- Figure 5 is a schematic top view of the lower case provided by the embodiment.
- Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the plugging of the sampler and the housing provided by the embodiment
- Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a one-minute rapid drug detection device provided by the embodiment.
- Fig. 8 is a structural block diagram of the distributed drug detection system provided by the embodiment.
- Shell 101, upper shell; 1011, observation window; 102, lower shell; 1021, test paper slot; 1022, drainage baffle; 103, detection cavity; 104, shell slot; 105, first limit boss ; 106, extruding boss; 107, inclined channel; 108, second limit boss; 1081, passing board gap; 109, buffer space;
- Sampler 201, fiber bundle; 202, hand-held part; 203, clamping board;
- This embodiment provides a rapid drug detection method, which is suitable for the application scenario where the supervisory personnel detect the drug use of the inspected person.
- the time for obtaining the visual effect change of the detection test strip is advanced, thereby shortening the detection time;
- the inspected personnel are re-examined to reduce the risk of misjudgment.
- the rapid drug detection method provided in this embodiment includes the following steps S10-S70.
- S10 Provide a drug abuse model, the drug abuse model is used to judge whether the drug content of the sample to be tested exceeds a critical value according to the change of the visual effect of the test paper.
- steps S101-S104 can be taken to obtain the drug abuse model:
- S101 Find the critical value of the poisonous content stipulated in relevant laws or documents; if the toxic content of the sample is above the critical value, it is considered to have taken drugs, and if the toxic content of the sample is lower than the critical value, it is considered not taking drugs;
- S104 Draw a drug abuse critical curve 16 representing the mapping relationship between the rate of change of the intensity of the visual effect of the calibration test paper and the intensity of the visual effect.
- the intensity of the visual effect (fluorescence intensity or color depth) will change after the calibration test paper reacts with the drug, and the change speed will also change with time.
- the visual intensity of the calibration test paper changes rapidly at the beginning, for example, the fluorescence intensity of the calibration test paper changes from a lower
- the fluorescence intensity of the calibration test paper can be detected every 0.1s to 0.3s until the reaction is complete. At this time, the corresponding fluorescence intensity at each moment after the reaction starts can be obtained. Calculate the rate of change of fluorescence intensity corresponding to each moment, and then use the fluorescence intensity as the abscissa (X-axis) and the decline rate of the fluorescence intensity as the ordinate (Y-axis), to draw a series of discrete points on the Cartesian coordinate system, The fitting curve is calculated according to each discrete point, and the fitting curve is recorded as the drug abuse critical curve 16 .
- the drug taking critical curve 16 is used to characterize the change of the visual effect change rate (fluorescence intensity change rate) of the calibration test paper with the visual effect intensity (fluorescence intensity) when the poison content of the calibration sample is a critical value.
- the areas above and below the critical drug use curve 16 are positive areas 17 , and the areas above the critical drug use curve 16 are negative areas 18 .
- the area above the critical drug abuse curve 16 and above the critical drug abuse curve 16 is a positive area 17, and the drug abuse critical curve 16 is a positive area 17.
- the area below the curve 16 is the negative area 18 .
- the accuracy of the drug use critical curve 16 can be further optimized by taking the average value of multiple experiments.
- S20 Obtain a sample to be inspected from the person to be inspected, and make the sample to be inspected react with the detection test paper.
- calibration test paper and the detection test paper have the same functions and components, but they are described with different names only for the purpose of distinguishing them in the description for easy understanding.
- the sample to be inspected may be the saliva or blood of the inspected person, which is not limited in this embodiment.
- steps S301 and S302 are used to obtain the change of the measured visual effect of the test paper:
- the traditional drug detection method will wait until the detection test strip is fully reacted before obtaining and comparing the visual effect parameters, so the detection time needs at least 5 minutes.
- the important difference between the rapid drug detection method provided in this embodiment and the traditional drug use detection method is that the visual effect parameters are compared and compared before the detection test paper fully responds, and generally it only takes less than 60 seconds to obtain the judgment result, and then Greatly reduce detection time and improve detection efficiency.
- step S30 Taking the fluorescent test paper used in the competitive immunochromatography as an example, the detailed operation of step S30 is as follows:
- the fluorescence intensity of the test paper is detected every 0.5s to 2s, and then each time in the specified time period is obtained.
- calculate the corresponding fluorescence intensity change rate at each time according to each fluorescence intensity and then use the fluorescence intensity as the abscissa (X-axis) and the decline rate of the fluorescence intensity as the ordinate (Y-axis), you can calculate the A series of discrete points are obtained by drawing on the system, and a fitting curve is calculated according to each discrete point, and the fitting curve is recorded as the measured curve 19 .
- the specified time periods required for different toxic contents are different.
- the data collection and judgment can be completed in the first 10 seconds after the start of the reaction; when the toxic contents are low, Presumably it will be necessary to extend the specified time period into the first 50 s after the reaction.
- data collection and judgment can be completed within 50 seconds after the general reaction.
- the measured curve 19 is used to represent the change of the visual effect change rate (fluorescence intensity change rate) of the test paper with the visual effect intensity (fluorescence intensity) when the sample to be tested is detected.
- the drug abuse critical curve 16 it can be preliminarily judged whether the drug content of the sample to be tested exceeds the critical value. Specifically, if the measured curve 19 falls into the positive region 17, it is preliminarily judged that the poison content exceeds the critical value, that is, the person under test has inhaled drugs; The amount does not exceed the critical value, that is, the inspected person has not taken drugs.
- the main detection tool used in the preliminary detection in the above steps is the detection test paper.
- the detection speed is faster, the accuracy is lower than that of some urine test devices, blood test devices, hair test devices, sweat test devices, and saliva test devices.
- the fine inspection device such as the kidney function test device is low. Therefore, in order to minimize the risk of false detection, a re-inspection operation can be added.
- drug use records can include information such as name, ID number, age, gender, appearance, fingerprints, height, weight, place of origin, time when drug use was first discovered, and the number of times drug use was discovered. If there is no history of drug use in the past, the drug use record of the inspected person will be empty.
- S70 Updating the drug use records according to the results of the initial inspection and/or the results of the re-examination.
- the rapid drug detection method provided in this embodiment obtains the actual measured visual effect changes of the detection test paper before the detection test paper fully responds, and makes a preliminary judgment on whether the poison content exceeds the standard, which can greatly reduce the detection time during the preliminary detection, and even The detection can be completed within 1 minute, which has great promotion value.
- This embodiment provides a distributed drug detection system, which can be used to implement the rapid drug detection method provided in Embodiment 1, and both have the same functions and beneficial effects.
- the distributed drug detection system is suitable for the application scenario where the supervisors detect the drug use of the inspected persons.
- the one-minute rapid drug detection device is used to detect the inspected persons, and the one-minute rapid drug detection device advances the judgment time and shortens the detection time; If the detection result of the one-minute rapid drug detection device is that the person under inspection has inhaled drugs, the person under inspection will be taken to the central device for a re-examination with higher accuracy, thereby reducing the risk of misjudgment.
- the distributed drug detection system includes a central device 300 and several one-minute rapid drug detection devices, wherein the central device 300 is provided with several pivot slots 8, and each of the pivot slots 8 For inserting the one-minute rapid drug detection device.
- the one-minute rapid drug detection device includes a pluggable drug detection card 100 and a portable terminal 200 .
- the plug-in drug test card 100 includes a sampler 2 for obtaining samples to be tested, a housing 1 plugged and connected to the sampler 2 , and a detection device located in the housing 1 .
- Test paper 3; the detection test paper 3 is used to react with the sample to be tested.
- the portable terminal 200 is detachably connected to the plug-in drug test card 100, and is used to obtain the visual changes of the test strip 3, and generate a detection result according to the visual changes.
- the inside of the housing 1 is provided with a detection chamber 103 for placing the detection test paper 3
- the end surface of one end of the housing 1 is provided with a housing slot 104 communicating with the detection chamber 103 through an inclined channel 107
- the housing 1 includes an upper shell 101 and a lower shell 102 that are snap-connected. After the upper shell 101 and the lower shell 102 are snapped together, the detection cavity 103 and the inclined channel can be formed inside. 107 and the shell slot 104.
- the upper case 101 is provided with an observation window 1011 .
- the detection test paper 3 is located in the detection chamber 103 for reacting with the sample to be detected.
- the detection test paper 3 can be a reaction test paper containing fluorescent nanoparticles or a colloidal gold detection test paper 3, etc. After the detection test paper 3 reacts with the sample to be tested with a toxic content exceeding the standard, it will produce changes in visual effects such as fluorescence or discoloration. Through the observation window 1011, the change of the visual effect of the detection test paper 3 can be observed.
- the drug may be opium, heroin, methamphetamine (ice), morphine, marijuana, cocaine, and other narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs that can make people addicted and controlled by the state.
- the sampler 2 includes a fiber bundle 201 plugged and connected to the shell slot 104 and a handle 202 fixed on the end of the fiber bundle 201 away from the housing 1 .
- the surface of the handle portion 202 has an anti-slip boss.
- the anti-skid boss is a dot protruding from the surface of the handle part 202 .
- One surface of the portable terminal 200 is provided with an end slot 7 , and the pluggable drug test card 100 is plugged and connected to the end slot 7 .
- the position corresponding to the observation window 1011 in the end slot 7 is provided with an information collection unit 4 for acquiring the change of the visual effect.
- the information collection unit 4 is a fluorescence sensor or an image sensor.
- the portable terminal 200 is further provided with a data processing unit 5 and an end-side output device 6 .
- the data processing unit 5 is connected with the information collection unit 4, and is used for processing the data collected by the information collection unit 4 and generating the detection result.
- the end-side output device 6 is electrically connected to the data processing unit 5, and is used to provide supervisors with a presentation of at least one of pictures, text, video, sound or light according to the detection results.
- the terminal-side output device 6 may include at least one of a display screen, a buzzer or an indicator light.
- the end-side output device 6 may include a display screen:
- the end-side output device 6 is a display screen and the one-minute rapid drug detection device obtains a positive result, the words "positive" are output on the display screen.
- the end-side output device 6 may include an indicator light:
- the end-side output device 6 is a light bulb and the one-minute rapid drug detection device obtains a positive result, the red light is on and the green light is off;
- the end-side output device 6 is a light bulb and the one-minute rapid drug detection device obtains a negative result, the red light is off and the green light is on.
- the end-side output device 6 can also be connected to the alarm system through radio, network, WIFi, and Bluetooth.
- the end-side device activates the alarm system to realize the alarm, so that more staff can rush to the scene in time to prevent the positive result from escaping.
- the size of the portable terminal 200 is similar to that of a mobile phone, so it is easy to carry.
- the central device 300 is provided with a power supply system 9 , an information entry module 10 , a first memory 11 , a data search module 12 , a precision inspection device 13 , a second memory 14 and an update module 15 .
- the power supply system 9 is used to provide electric energy to the information entry module 10 , the first memory 11 , the data search module 12 , the precision inspection device 13 , the second memory 14 and the update module 15 .
- the precise detection device 13 is used for drug detection, further, the detection speed of the one-minute fast drug detection device is faster than the fine detection device 13, and the detection accuracy of the fine detection device 13 is higher than the one-minute Rapid drug detection device.
- the fine inspection device 13 may include at least one of a urine test device, a blood test device, a hair test device, a sweat test device, a saliva test device or a kidney function test device.
- the information entry module 10 is used to obtain the identity information of the inspected person.
- the identity information may be an ID card number, fingerprint information, or appearance information.
- the information input module 10 may be an input device for inputting an ID card number, a fingerprint module for inputting fingerprints, or a camera for face recognition, and the like. Further, the input device may be a touch screen or a keyboard.
- the first memory 11 is used for storing all drug use records checked by the supervisory department.
- the drug use records may include name, ID number, age, gender, appearance, fingerprints, height, weight, place of origin, time when drug use was first discovered, and the number of times drug use was discovered.
- the data search module 12 is electrically connected to the information entry module 10 and the first memory 11 respectively, and is used for retrieving drug use records related to the inspected person according to the identity information.
- the second memory 14 is electrically connected to the information input module 10 and is used for recording the identity information of the inspected person and the detection result of the precise inspection device 13 .
- the update module 15 is electrically connected to the first memory 11 and the second memory 14, respectively, and is used to update the identity information of the inspected person in the second memory 14 and the detection result of the precision inspection device 13 to in the first memory 11.
- the bottom of the portable terminal 200 is provided with a connection interface
- the bottom of the pivot slot 8 is provided with a connection terminal; when the portable terminal 200 is inserted into the pivot slot 8, the connection terminal is inserted into the pivot slot 8.
- the above-mentioned connection interface is used to realize electrical connection, thereby realizing charging of the portable terminal 200 and realizing information transmission between the portable terminal 200 and the central device 300 .
- the portable terminal 200 and the central device 300 can also implement information transmission through wireless communication.
- the drug use model mentioned in step S10 in the first embodiment can be stored in the data processing unit 5 of the portable terminal 200 in advance, so as to be called at any time.
- the pluggable drug detection card 100 provided in this embodiment can be used to execute step S20 in the first embodiment.
- the portable terminal 200 provided in this embodiment can be used to execute steps S30 and S40 in the first embodiment.
- the precision inspection device 13 provided in this embodiment can be used to execute step S50 in the first embodiment.
- the central device 300 provided in this embodiment can be used to execute steps S60 and S70 in the first embodiment.
- the general inspection personnel need to pull out the plug-in drug detection card 100 from the end slot 7, and then put the portable terminal 200 into the pocket; body 1, the other hand pinches the handle 202 of the sampler 2, pulls the sampler 2 out of the shell slot 104, and then puts the other end of the fiber bundle 201 into the mouth of the inspected person; the fiber bundle 201
- the water absorption capacity is super strong, so it can be completely soaked by the saliva of the inspected person in a few seconds, that is, the fiber bundle 201 is covered with the saliva of the inspected person, and the inspected person opens his mouth, and the supervisor will put the fiber bundle 201 Take it out to complete the acquisition of the sample to be tested;
- the sample to be tested carried by the fiber bundle 201 enters the detection chamber 103 through the inclined channel 107, and reacts with the detection test paper 3 in the detection chamber 103;
- the information collection unit 4 captures the visual effect change information of the detection test paper 3 through the observation window 1011, and transmits the captured data to the data processing unit 5, and the data processing unit 5 processes the data;
- the data processing unit 5 has a built-in drug abuse model, and the drug abuse model is used to judge whether the poison content of the sample to be tested exceeds a critical value according to the change of the visual effect of the detection test paper 3; , to obtain the change of the measured visual effect of the detection test paper 3, and then combine the change of the measured visual effect with the drug abuse model to preliminarily judge whether the poison content of the sample to be tested exceeds a critical value; , text, or light changes to display the test results through the end-side output device 6, and the supervisor can check whether the inspected person has taken drugs by checking the end-side output device 6;
- the re-inspection personnel input and obtain the identity information of the inspected person through the information input module 10, and then put the blood, urine or hair of the inspected person in the fine inspection device 13 for re-examination, if the re-examination result of the fine inspection device 13 If the person under inspection does not take drugs, then it is determined that the person under inspection has taken drugs;
- the data search module 12 searches for the past drug use records of the inspected person according to the identity information of the inspected person. If the inspected person is found to have a history of drug abuse, the re-examiner should focus on it; The re-examination result of device 13, and the re-examination result is updated to the first memory 11;
- the second memory 14 can also store the drug taking records stored in the one-minute quick drug inspection device, and then pass the update module 15 to the one-minute The drug taking records stored in the rapid drug detection device are updated to the first memory 11 .
- the plug-in drug test card 100 uses the fiber bundle 201 to directly take the sample to be tested, and then sends the sample to be tested into the detection chamber 103 to react with the test paper 3, which greatly improves the safety of the sample to be tested. Acquisition speed, thereby effectively shortening the detection time and reducing the difficulty of general inspection work.
- the fiber bundle 201 is made of hydrophilic material, which not only has good liquid absorption performance, but also can produce bending deformation under pressure, so as to squeeze out the absorbed sample to be tested.
- the material of the fiber bundle 201 includes ultrafine natural fibers and/or ultrafine artificial synthetic fibers.
- the ultrafine natural fibers can be animal fibers (spider silk, silk, animal hair), plant fibers (cotton, etc.);
- the ultrafine synthetic fibers can be hydrophilic polyester, hydrophilic polyamide, Hydrophilic polyacrylonitrile, hydrophilic polypropylene, hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol, nanocellulose and glass fiber, etc.
- the monofilament fineness of the superfine fiber is 0.3dtex ⁇ 1.0dtex.
- the sampling time of the fiber bundle 201 provided in this embodiment is within 10 seconds, which is greatly reduced compared with the original sampling time of 3 minutes. Moreover, the fiber bundle 201 provided in this embodiment can be plugged and disassembled, so that sampling is convenient and the sampling volume is small.
- a first limiting boss 105 and a second limiting boss 108 are fixed inside the shell slot 104, wherein the second limiting boss 108 is located on the first limiting boss.
- the table 105 is away from the side of the test paper, and the second limiting boss 108 is provided with a board-passing gap 1081 .
- the outside of the sampler 2 is provided with a clamping plate 203 that can pass through the pass-through gap 1081 and enter the limiting gap between the first limiting boss 105 and the second limiting boss 108 .
- the clamping plate 203 is aligned with the plate gap 1081, so that the clamping plate 203 enters the limit gap, and then the sampler is rotated 90°, that is, the clamping plate 203 is staggered with the plate passing gap 1081, so that the clamping plate can be limited in the limiting gap.
- the first limiting boss 105 blocks the clamping plate 203, so as to limit the further insertion of the sampler 2 and avoid excessive extrusion of the fiber bundle 201; on the other hand, the second limiting boss 105 108 prevents the clamping plate 203 from moving outward, so that the fiber bundle 201 is continuously squeezed, which is beneficial for the sample to be tested to break away from the fiber bundle 201 , enter the shell slot 104 , and enter the detection chamber 103 through the inclined channel 107 .
- the other end of the groove bottom of the shell slot 104 is provided with an inclined channel 107 extending obliquely to connect the detection cavity 103 and the shell slot 104; moreover, the clamping plate 203 also plays a certain role of blocking flow. , to prevent the sample to be tested in the shell slot 104 from flowing out.
- the side of the lower case 102 close to the observation window 1011 is fixed with two drainage baffles 1022 arranged at intervals, and the two drainage baffles 1022 and the inner wall of the lower case 102 enclose an opening facing the observation window.
- One end of the detection test paper 3 is located in the test paper slot 1021, and the other end passes through the inclined channel 107 and extends into the shell slot 104, thereby draining the sample to be tested in the shell slot 104, so that the sample to be tested
- the test sample flows along the test paper 3 from the shell slot 104 to the test cavity 103, that is, the plug-in drug test card 100 provided in this embodiment does not completely rely on gravity to drive the internal sample to be tested, which is beneficial for supervisors to carry out Holding the housing 1 in various postures during the detection can smoothly realize the detection of drug abuse.
- the angle between the inclined channel 107 and the length direction of the plug-in drug test card 100 is between 10° and 90°.
- a buffer space 109 is left between the fiber bundle 201 and the inclined channel 107 .
- the buffer space 109 and the inclined channel 107 can be used as a buffer zone before the sample to be tested enters the detection cavity 103, and acts as a buffer for the sample to be tested in the shell slot 104, so as to avoid a large amount of samples to be tested after the sampler 2 is squeezed.
- the rapid influx of the test sample into the test chamber 103 leads to the problem of insufficient reaction (flushing) of the test paper 3 .
- test paper groove 1021 can guide the sample to be tested in the detection chamber 103 to mainly flow in the test paper groove 1021, avoiding the ineffective diffusion of the sample to be tested in the detection chamber 103, thereby improving the concentration of the sample to be tested, This will speed up the reaction speed between the sample to be tested and the detection test paper 3, and further shorten the detection time.
- the width of the detection test paper 3 is 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm, and appropriately reducing the width of the detection test paper 3 can also shorten the reaction time.
- a number of spaced supporting bosses can also be provided on the inner side of the lower case 102. After the test paper 3 is placed on each supporting boss, the upper case 101 can be fastened and fixed. Test paper 3.
- the fiber bundle 201 with ultrafine fibers is used for sampling, and enough samples to be tested can be collected within 10 seconds, which greatly reduces the sampling time;
- the detection test paper 3 has a narrow and long structure, which effectively reduces the required sample dose to be tested, and responds quickly, and can complete the reaction within 30s-40s to obtain the test result;
- the detection test paper 3 is placed in the test paper tank 1021, and the flow speed of the sample to be tested is accelerated through capillary action, effectively shortening the reaction time;
- the detection test paper 3 is elastically deformed in the inclined channel 107, that is, the detection test paper 3 also forms a certain inclined angle with the length direction of the plug-in drug test card 100, thereby increasing the distance between the detection test paper 3 and the sample to be tested. Contact area, within a unit time, the amount of contact between the sample to be tested and the test paper 3 increases, thereby shortening the reaction time of the test paper 3;
- the distance between the end face of the first limiting boss 105 against the clamping plate 203 and the end face of the extrusion boss 106 to extrude the fiber bundle 201 is smaller than the length of the fiber bundle 201 in its natural state, so insert the sampler 2 After the shell slot 104, the fiber bundle 201 undergoes pressure bending deformation, thereby extruding the sample to be tested contained in it, and the sample to be tested will move directional under the action of pressure, so the test paper 3 does not need to be like
- the existing test paper is placed strictly horizontally; the test paper 3 can adapt to more application scenarios;
- the clamping plate 203 is in interference fit with the shell slot 104. After the sampler 2 is inserted into the shell slot 104, the clamping plate 203 can be fastened in the shell slot 104 to prevent the sampler 2 from breaking away from the shell 1 during the detection process;
- the inclined channel 107 can act as a buffer to prevent the sample to be tested from entering the detection chamber 103 quickly, and improve the accuracy of the detection result;
- the speed of the initial inspection is improved, and the risk of misjudgment is reduced by the re-inspection.
- the response is sensitive and the false positive rate is small;
- the fluorescence intensity of the sample to be tested is continuously collected, and the rate of change of the fluorescence intensity at the corresponding time point is obtained by calculation.
- the sampling time is less than 10s, and the visual effect change judgment time of test paper 3 is less than 50s, so the comprehensive detection time is less than 1min;
- the detection test paper 3 uses fluorescent nanoparticles doped with rare earths, which improves the sensitivity and can display the detection results faster;
- the one-minute rapid drug detection device is small in size and light in weight. It can be designed as a handheld terminal, which is easy to carry, has good concealment and flexibility, and can facilitate supervisors to hide their identities before approaching the person to be inspected, so as to prevent the Personnel escape, and secondly, the device is easy to carry, enabling supervisors to use it flexibly in various scenarios.
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Abstract
一种快速毒检方法、一分钟快速毒检装置及分布式毒检系统，快速毒检方法包括：提供吸毒模型，吸毒模型用于根据检测试纸（3）的视觉效果变化情况判断待检样品的含毒量是否超出临界值（S10）；获取被检人员的待检样品，并使待检样品与检测试纸（3）反应（S20）；在检测试纸（3）充分反应之前，获取检测试纸（3）的实测视觉效果变化情况（S30）；结合实测视觉效果变化情况与吸毒模型，初步判断待检样品的含毒量是否超出临界值（S40）。快速毒检方法、一分钟快速毒检装置及分布式毒检系统，能有效缩减检测时间，提高检测效率，进而降低普检难度。
Description
本申请要求下列中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本发明涉及毒品检测技术领域，尤其涉及一种快速毒检方法、一分钟快速毒检装置及分布式毒检系统。
吸毒检测装置可以分为快速毒检装置和精检装置。其中，快速毒检装置一般通过检测试纸进行检测，虽然检测精度不高，但是体积小巧且检测速度较快，具有便于携带的优点，例如验毒棒等；精检装置一般设有离心机或者元素检测仪等体积较大的设备，虽然检测精度较高，但体积较大、设备笨重，难以携带作业，例如尿液检验装置、血液检验装置、毛发检验装置、汗液检验装置、唾液检验装置以及肾功能检验装置等。
在对特定场所进行检查时，监管人员一般需要对所有人均进行吸毒检查(普检)，检查时间过长容易造成场面混乱，极大地增加了普检的难度。因此，目前监管人员一般使用快速毒检装置对被检人员进行普检。
以验毒棒为例，目前使用快速毒检装置的检测过程如下：
①被检人员将验毒棒放入口中，作为待检样品的唾液经验毒棒上的贯穿孔浸润到检测试纸上，然后与检测试纸发生反应；
②若被检人员吸服了毒品，检测试纸就会逐渐发生变色或者产生荧光灯视觉效果变化；
③大致3min后，检测试纸才能和唾液充分反应，此时监管人员查看检测试纸的视觉效果变化情况即可判断被检人员是否吸服了毒品。
目前使用的毒检装置完成吸毒检测普遍需要5min以上，虽然较精检装置的检测速度快，但当需要对大量的被检人员进行普检时，该检查速度仍难以满足要求。
因此，需要对现有的吸毒检测方法进行改进，以进一步缩减检测时间，提高检测效率。
本背景部分中公开的以上信息仅被包括用于增强本公开内容的背景的理解，且因此可包含不形成对于本领域普通技术人员而言在当前已经知晓的现有技术的信息。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于，提供一种快速毒检方法、一分钟快速毒检装置及分布式毒检系统，能有效缩减检测时间、提高检测效率，进而降低普检难度。
为达以上目的，一方面，本发明提供一种快速毒检方法，包括：
提供吸毒模型，所述吸毒模型用于根据检测试纸的视觉效果变化情况判断待检样品的含毒量是否超出临界值；
使所述待检样品与所述检测试纸反应；
在所述检测试纸充分反应之前，获取所述检测试纸的实测视觉效果变化情况；
结合所述实测视觉效果变化情况与所述吸毒模型，初步判断所述待检样品的含毒量是否超出临界值。
可选的，判断待检样品的含毒量是否超出临界值包括：制备含毒量为临界值的标定样品；使标定样品与标定试纸反应，获取整个反应过程中若干时刻下标定试纸的视觉效果强度，并计算得到与各视觉效果强度相应的 视觉效果强度变化速率；绘制表征标定试纸的视觉效果强度变化速率与视觉效果强度之间的映射关系的吸毒临界曲线。
可选的，获取所述检测试纸的实测视觉效果变化情况包括：在待检样品与检测试纸充分反应前的指定时间段内，获取若干时刻下检测试纸的视觉效果强度，并计算得到与各视觉效果强度相应的视觉效果强度变化速率；绘制表征检测试纸的视觉效果强度变化速率与视觉效果强度之间的映射关系的实测曲线。
可选的，所述指定时间段的起点为检测试纸开始反应的时刻。
可选的，初步判断所述待检样品的含毒量是否超出临界值具体为：根据所述吸毒临界曲线和所述实测曲线的相对位置关系，初步判断所述待检样品的含毒量是否超出临界值。
可选的，获取所述初步判断结果后，还包括：对被初步判断为待检样品的含毒量超出临界值的被检人员进行检测精度更高的复检。
可选的，所述对被初步判断为待检样品的含毒量超出临界值的被检人员进行检测精度更高的复检之后，还包括：获取所述被检人员过往的吸毒记录。
可选的，所述获取所述被检人员过往的吸毒记录之后，还包括：对吸毒记录进行更新。
另一方面，提供一种一分钟快速毒检装置，包括：
插拔式毒检卡，用于使待检样品与检测试纸反应；
便携终端，用于：
提供吸毒模型，所述吸毒模型用于根据检测试纸的视觉效果变化情况判断待检样品的含毒量是否超出临界值；
在所述检测试纸充分反应之前，获取所述检测试纸的实测视觉效果变化情况；
结合所述实测视觉效果变化情况与所述吸毒模型，初步判断所述待检样品的含毒量是否超出临界值。
又一方面，提供一种分布式毒检系统，包括中枢装置和若干上述的一分钟快速毒检装置；
所述中枢装置设有精检装置，所述一分钟快速毒检装置和所述精检装置均用于吸毒检测，其中，所述一分钟快速毒检装置的检测速度快于所述精检装置，且所述精检装置的检测精度高于所述一分钟快速毒检装置。
本发明的有益效果在于：提供一种快速毒检方法、一分钟快速毒检装置及分布式毒检系统，提供吸毒模型后，就可以将检测试纸的视觉效果变化获取时间提前，进而缩短检测时间和提高检测效率。
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为实施例提供的快速毒检方法的流程图；
图2为实施例提供的实测曲线落入阳性区域时的示意图；
图3为实施例提供的分布式毒检系统的俯视示意图；
图4为实施例提供的插拔式毒检卡的剖面示意图；
图5为实施例提供的下壳的俯视示意图；
图6为实施例提供的取样器和壳体的插接示意图；
图7为实施例提供的一分钟快速毒检装置的示意图；
图8为实施例提供的分布式毒检系统的结构框图。
图中：
100、插拔式毒检卡；200、便携终端；300、中枢装置；
1、壳体；101、上壳；1011、观察窗；102、下壳；1021、试纸槽；1022、引流挡板；103、检测腔；104、壳插槽；105、第一限位凸台；106、挤压凸台；107、倾斜通道；108、第二限位凸台；1081、过板缺口；109、缓冲空间；
2、取样器；201、纤维束；202、手持部；203、卡板；
3、检测试纸；
4、信息采集单元；
5、数据处理单元；
6、端侧输出装置；
7、端插槽；
8、枢插槽；
9、电源供应系统；
10、信息录入模块；
11、第一存储器；
12、数据查找模块；
13、精检装置；
14、第二存储器；
15、更新模块；
16、吸毒临界曲线；
17、阳性区域；
18、阴性区域；
19、实测曲线。
为使得本发明的目的、特征、优点能够更加的明显和易懂，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，下面所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而非全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，当一个组件被认为是“连接”另一个组件，它可以是直接连接到另一个组件或者可能同时存在居中设置的组件。当一个组件被认为是“设置在”另一个组件，它可以是直接设置在另一个组件上或者可能同时存在居中设置的组件。
此外，术语“长”“短”“内”“外”等指示方位或位置关系为基于附图所展示的方位或者位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明，而不是指示 或暗示所指的装置或原件必须具有此特定的方位、以特定的方位构造进行操作，以此不能理解为本发明的限制。
以下将结合附图所示的具体实施方式对本发明进行详细描述。但这些实施方式并不限制本发明，本领域的普通技术人员根据这些实施方式所做出的结构、方法、或功能上的变换均包含在本发明的保护范围内。
实施例一
本实施例提供一种快速毒检方法，适用于监管人员对被检人员进行吸毒检测的应用场景，首先将检测试纸的视觉效果变化获取时间提前，进而缩短检测时间；然后对初步判断为吸毒的被检人员进行复检，以降低误判风险。
参见图1，本实施例提供的快速毒检方法，包括以下步骤S10～S70。
S10：提供吸毒模型，所述吸毒模型用于根据检测试纸的视觉效果变化情况判断待检样品的含毒量是否超出临界值。
参见图2，本实施例中，可以采取步骤S101～S104获取吸毒模型：
S101：查找相关法律或者文件规定的含毒量的临界值；其中，样品的含毒量在该临界值以上则认定为吸服了毒品，样品的含毒量低于该临界值则认定为未吸服毒品；
S102：制备含毒量为临界值的标定样品；
S103：使标定样品与标定试纸反应，获取整个反应过程中若干时刻下标定试纸的视觉效果强度，并计算得到与各视觉效果强度相应的视觉效果强度变化速率；
S104：绘制表征标定试纸的视觉效果强度变化速率与视觉效果强度之间的映射关系的吸毒临界曲线16。
一般地，随着反应时间的加长，标定试纸与毒品发生反应后视觉效果强度(荧光强度或者颜色深度)会发生变化，且变化速度也随时间推移而改变。
以标定试纸为竞争免疫层析法所用的荧光试纸为例，标定试纸与标定样品发生反应后，开始时标定试纸的视觉效果强度变化速率较快，例如， 标定试纸的荧光强度从一个较低的数值快速攀升至较高的数值，即，荧光强度的变化速率较大；随着反应时间的延长，标定试纸的视觉效果强度变化速率逐渐减缓，即，标定试纸的荧光强度虽然越来越大，但荧光亮度的提升速率却越来越低；最后，直到标定试纸的荧光强度基本不变，即荧光亮度的提升速率几乎等于零时，即可认为标定试纸已经和标定样品充分反应。一般地，从标定试纸开始反应到充分反应，需要3min左右。
可以自标定样品与检测试纸发生反应开始，每隔0.1s～0.3s就对标定试纸的荧光强度进行检测，直至充分反应，此时可以得到开始反应后各时刻对应的荧光强度，根据各荧光强度计算各时刻对应的荧光强度变化速率，然后以荧光强度为横坐标(X轴)、以荧光强度的下降速率为纵坐标(Y轴)，就可以在直角坐标系上绘制得到一系列离散点，根据各离散点计算得到拟合曲线，该拟合曲线记为吸毒临界曲线16。可以理解的是，所述吸毒临界曲线16用于表征在标定样品的含毒量为临界值时，标定试纸的视觉效果变化速率(荧光强度变化速率)随视觉效果强度(荧光强度)的改变情况。
需要说明的是，所述吸毒临界曲线16上以及所述吸毒临界曲线16下方的区域均为阳性区域17，所述吸毒临界曲线16上方的区域为阴性区域18。于一些其它的实施例中，若标定试纸为普通免疫层析法所用的荧光试纸，则所述吸毒临界曲线16上以及所述吸毒临界曲线16上方的区域均为阳性区域17，所述吸毒临界曲线16下方的区域为阴性区域18。
可选的，可以通过多次实验取平均值等方法进一步优化吸毒临界曲线16的精度。
S20：获取被检人员的待检样品，并使所述待检样品与检测试纸反应。
需要说明的是，标定试纸和检测试纸的功能和组成成分等是相同的，只是为了在描述上进行区分以便理解，所以记载了不同的名称。
本发明中，待检样品可以是被检人员的唾液或者血液等，本实施例对此不作限定。
S30：在所述检测试纸充分反应之前，获取所述检测试纸的实测视觉效果变化情况。
可选的，采用步骤S301和S302获取所述检测试纸的实测视觉效果变化情况：
S301：在待检样品与检测试纸充分反应前的指定时间段内，获取若干时刻下检测试纸的视觉效果强度，并计算得到与各视觉效果强度相应的视觉效果强度变化速率；
S302：绘制表征检测试纸的视觉效果强度变化速率与视觉效果强度之间的映射关系的实测曲线19。
传统的吸毒检测方法均会等到检测试纸充分反应之后再进行视觉效果参数的获取和比较，故检测时间至少需要5min。本实施例提供的快速毒检方法与传统的吸毒检测方法的重要区别在于，在所述检测试纸充分反应之前就进行视觉效果参数的以及比较，一般只需要60s不到就可以得到判断结果，进而极大地缩减检测时间、提高检测效率。
以检测试纸为竞争免疫层析法所用的荧光试纸为例，步骤S30的细化操作如下：
自检测试纸与待检样品开始反应后指定时间段内，例如在开始反应后的前10s内，每隔0.5s～2s就对检测试纸的荧光强度进行检测，进而得到该指定时间段内各时刻对应的荧光强度，根据各荧光强度计算各时刻对应的荧光强度变化速率，然后以荧光强度为横坐标(X轴)、以荧光强度的下降速率为纵坐标(Y轴)，就可以在直角坐标系上绘制得到一系列离散点，根据各离散点计算得到拟合曲线，该拟合曲线记为实测曲线19。需要说明的是，不同含毒量所需的指定时间段不同，当含毒量较高时，一般在开始反应后的前10s即可完成数据的采集和判断；当含毒量较低时，大概需要将指定时间段延长至反应后的前50s内。总体而言，一般反应后50s内就能完成数据的采集和判断。
可以理解的是，所述实测曲线19用于表征对待检样品进行检测时，检测试纸的视觉效果变化速率(荧光强度变化速率)随视觉效果强度(荧光强度)的改变情况。
S40：结合所述实测视觉效果变化情况与所述吸毒模型，初步判断所述待检样品的含毒量是否超出临界值。
可以理解的是，根据所述吸毒临界曲线16和所述实测曲线19的相对位置关系，即可初步判断所述待检样品的含毒量是否超出临界值。具体地，若实测曲线19落入阳性区域17，则初步判断含毒量超出临界值，即，所述被检人员吸服了毒品；若实测曲线19落入阴性区域18，则初步判断含毒量未超出临界值，即，所述被检人员未吸服毒品。
S50：对被初步判断为待检样品的含毒量超出临界值的被检人员进行检测精度更高的复检。
可以理解的是，上述步骤进行的初步检测使用的主要检测工具为检测试纸，虽然检测速度较快，但精度较一些尿液检验装置、血液检验装置、毛发检验装置、汗液检验装置、唾液检验装置或者肾功能检验装置等精检装置低。因此，为了尽量降低误检风险，可以增设复检操作。
S60：获取所述被检人员过往的吸毒记录。
一般地，监管部门一直以来所做的所有吸毒检测的检测结果都会被记录，并形成记录有所有曾经被检测的被检人员的吸毒史的吸毒记录。一般地，吸毒记录可以包含姓名、身份证号码、年龄、性别、相貌、指纹、身高、体重、籍贯、首次被发现吸毒的时间以及被发现吸毒的次数等信息。若过去并无吸毒史，则该被检人员的吸毒纪录为空。
获取所述被检人员过往的吸毒记录，若发现所述被检人员存在吸毒史，则应该对其加强戒备。
S70：根据初检结果和/或复检结果对所述吸毒记录进行更新。
持续更新吸毒纪录，避免信息滞后或断更。
本实施例提供的快速毒检方法，在检测试纸充分反应之前就获取检测 试纸的实测视觉效果变化情况，并作出含毒量是否超标的初步判断，进而可以大幅缩减初步检测时的检测时间，甚至可以做到1min内就完成检测，具有重大的推广价值。
实施例二
本实施例提供一种分布式毒检系统，可用于执行实施例一提供的快速毒检方法，二者具有相同的功能和有益效果。
分布式毒检系统适用于监管人员对被检人员进行吸毒检测的应用场景，首先使用一分钟快速毒检装置对被检人员进行检测，一分钟快速毒检装置将判断时间提前进而缩短检测时间；若一分钟快速毒检装置的检测结果是被检人员吸服了毒品，则把被检人员带到中枢装置处进行精度更高的复检，进而降低误判风险。
参见图3，本实施例提供的分布式毒检系统包括中枢装置300和若干一分钟快速毒检装置，其中，所述中枢装置300设有若干枢插槽8，每一所述枢插槽8供一所述一分钟快速毒检装置插入。
参见图7，本实施例提供的一分钟快速毒检装置包括插拔式毒检卡100和便携终端200。
其中，参见图4，所述插拔式毒检卡100包括用于获取待检样品的取样器2、与所述取样器2插拔连接的壳体1以及位于所述壳体1内的检测试纸3；所述检测试纸3用于与所述待检样品反应。所述便携终端200与所述插拔式毒检卡100可拆卸连接，用于获取所述检测试纸3的视觉变化情况，并根据所述视觉变化情况生成检测结果。
进一步地，所述壳体1的内部设有用于放置检测试纸3的检测腔103，所述壳体1一端的端面设有通过倾斜通道107与所述检测腔103连通的壳插槽104。可选的，所述壳体1包括卡扣连接的上壳101和下壳102，所述上壳101和下壳102扣合后，其内部即可形成所述检测腔103、所述倾斜通道107和所述壳插槽104。进一步地，所述上壳101设有观察窗1011。
所述检测试纸3位于所述检测腔103中，用于与所述待检样品反应。例如，所述检测试纸3可以为含有荧光纳米粒的反应试纸或者胶体金检测 试纸3等，检测试纸3和含毒量超标的待检样品反应后，会产生荧光或者变色等视觉效果变化。透过观察窗1011可以观察所述检测试纸3的视觉效果变化。其中，所述毒品可以是鸦片、海洛因、甲基苯丙胺(冰毒)、吗啡、大麻、可卡因以及国家规定管制的其它能够使人形成瘾癖的麻醉药品和精神药品等。
所述取样器2包括与所述壳插槽104插拔连接的纤维束201和固定于所述纤维束201远离所述壳体1一端的手持部202。其中，所述手持部202的表面具有防滑凸台。进一步地，所述防滑凸台为手持部202表面凸出来的圆点。
所述便携终端200的一表面设有端插槽7，所述插拔式毒检卡100与所述端插槽7插拔连接。所述端插槽7内与所述观察窗1011对应的位置设有用于获取所述视觉效果变化的信息采集单元4。可选的，所述信息采集单元4为荧光传感器或图像传感器。进一步地，所述便携终端200还设有数据处理单元5和端侧输出装置6。其中，数据处理单元5与所述信息采集单元4连接，用于对所述信息采集单元4采集到的数据进行处理并生成所述检测结果。所述端侧输出装置6与所述数据处理单元5电连接，用于根据所述检测结果向监管人员提供图片、文字、视频、声音或者光中至少一种信息的展示。相应地，所述端侧输出装置6可以包括显示屏、蜂鸣器或者指示灯中的至少一种。
例如，所述端侧输出装置6可以包括显示屏：
当端侧输出装置6为显示屏且一分钟快速毒检装置得到阳性结果时，显示屏上输出“阳性”的字样。
例如，所述端侧输出装置6可以包括指示灯：
当端侧输出装置6为灯泡且一分钟快速毒检装置得到阳性结果时，红灯亮，绿灯不亮；
当端侧输出装置6为灯泡且一分钟快速毒检装置得到阴性结果时，红灯不亮，绿灯亮。
优选地，所述端侧输出装置6还可以通过无线电、网络、WIFi、蓝牙与报警系统连接。当被检人员结果为阳性时，结果端侧装置激活报警系统， 实现报警，以便于更多工作人员及时赶到现场，以防阳性结果人员逃脱等。
可选的，所述便携终端200的大小与手机相近，便于携带。
参见图8，所述中枢装置300设有电源供应系统9、信息录入模块10、第一存储器11、数据查找模块12、精检装置13、第二存储器14和更新模块15。其中，所述电源供应系统9用于向所述信息录入模块10、第一存储器11、数据查找模块12、精检装置13、第二存储器14和更新模块15提供电能。
所述精检装置13用于吸毒检测，进一步地，所述一分钟快速毒检装置的检测速度快于所述精检装置13，且所述精检装置13的检测精度高于所述一分钟快速毒检装置。例如，所述精检装置13可以包括尿液检验装置、血液检验装置、毛发检验装置、汗液检验装置、唾液检验装置或者肾功能检验装置中的至少一种。
信息录入模块10用于获取被检人员的身份信息。可选的，所述身份信息可以为身份证号码、指纹信息或者相貌信息等。相应地，所述信息录入模块10可以为用于输入身份证号码的键入装置、用于录入指纹的指纹模块或者用于人脸识别的摄像头等。进一步地，所述键入装置可以为可触屏幕或者键盘等。
第一存储器11用于存储监管部门已查验的所有吸毒记录。可选的，所述吸毒记录可以包含姓名、身份证号码、年龄、性别、相貌、指纹、身高、体重、籍贯、首次被发现吸毒的时间以及被发现吸毒的次数等。
所述数据查找模块12分别与所述信息录入模块10和所述第一存储器11电连接，用于根据所述身份信息调取与被检人员相关的吸毒记录。
所述第二存储器14与所述信息录入模块10电连接，用于记录所述被检人员的身份信息和所述精检装置13的检测结果。
所述更新模块15分别与所述第一存储器11和第二存储器14电连接，用于将所述第二存储器14中的被检人员的身份信息和所述精检装置13的检测结果更新至所述第一存储器11中。
可选的，所述便携终端200的底部设有连接接口，所述枢插槽8的槽底设有连接端子；所述便携终端200插入所述枢插槽8时，所述连接端子 插入所述连接接口并实现电连接，进而实现便携终端200的充电以及实现便携终端200与中枢装置300之间的信息传输。当然，便携终端200与中枢装置300也可以通过无线通信实现信息传输。
需要说明的是，实施例一中步骤S10提及的吸毒模型可以提前存储于便携终端200的数据处理单元5内，以便随时进行调用。本实施例提供的插拔式毒检卡100可用于执行实施例一中的步骤S20。本实施例提供的便携终端200可用于执行实施例一中的步骤S30和S40。本实施例提供的精检装置13可用于执行实施例一中的步骤S50。本实施例提供的中枢装置300可用于执行实施例一中的步骤S60和S70。
本实施例提供的分布式毒检系统工作过程如下：
①进行监测时，先将分布式毒检系统运送至大本营处，然后派部分监管人员作为复检人员在大本营处驻守，把守中枢装置300；其它的监管人员作为普检人员，每人拿一个一分钟快速毒检装置到人群中对待检人员进行普检；
②普检人员使用一分钟快速毒检装置进行检测时，普检人员需要将插拔式毒检卡100从端插槽7中拔出，然后将便携终端200放进口袋；随后一手拿着壳体1，另一手捏住取样器2的手持部202，将取样器2从壳插槽104中拔出，然后将所述纤维束201的另一端放入被检人员的口中；纤维束201的吸水能力超强，因此，可以在几秒内就完全被被检人员的唾液浸润，即，纤维束201上沾满了被检人员的唾液，被检人员张开嘴巴，监管人员将纤维束201取出，即可完成待检样品的获取；
②普检人员将纤维束201插入壳插槽104中，然后将插拔式毒检卡100插回端插槽7；
③纤维束201所携带的待检样品经倾斜通道107进入检测腔103中，并与检测腔103内的检测试纸3反应；
④信息采集单元4通过观察窗1011捕获检测试纸3的视觉效果变化信息，并将捕获到的数据传给数据处理单元5，数据处理单元5对数据进行处理；
数据处理单元5内置有吸毒模型，所述吸毒模型用于根据检测试纸3的视觉效果变化情况判断待检样品的含毒量是否超出临界值；数据处理单元5在所述检测试纸3充分反应之前，获取所述检测试纸3的实测视觉效果变化情况，接着结合所述实测视觉效果变化情况与所述吸毒模型，初步判断所述待检样品的含毒量是否超出临界值；最后以声音、图片、文字、或者光线变化等形式将检测结果通过端侧输出装置6进行展示，监管人员查看端侧输出装置6即可知道被检人员是否吸用了毒品；
⑤被一分钟快速毒检装置检测为服用了毒品的被检人员，需要被带到大本营处进行复检；
⑥复检人员通过信息录入模块10输入获取被检人员的身份信息，然后将被检人员的血液、尿液或者头发等放到精检装置13进行复检，若精检装置13的复检结果为服用了毒品，则认定被检人员吸毒，若精检装置13的复检结果为未服用毒品，则认定被检人员并未吸毒；
⑦数据查找模块12根据被检人员的身份信息查找被检人员过往的吸毒记录，若发现该被检人员存在吸毒史，则复检人员应当重点关注；更新模块15获取第二存储器14中精检装置13的复检结果，并将复检结果更新至第一存储器11；可选的，第二存储器14还可以存储一分钟快速毒检装置中存储的吸毒记录，然后通过更新模块15将一分钟快速毒检装置中存储的吸毒记录更新到第一存储器11中。
本实施例提供的插拔式毒检卡100，使用纤维束201直接取用待检样品，然后再将待检样品送入检测腔103内与检测试纸3反应，极大地提高了待检样品的获取速度，进而有效缩短检测时间，降低普检工作的难度。
可选的，所述纤维束201由亲水性材料制备得到，其不仅具有良好的吸收液体性能，还能够在受压力时产生弯曲形变，从而将已经吸取的待检样品挤压出来。
本实施例中，所述纤维束201的材质包括超细天然纤维和/或超细人工合成纤维。例如，所述超细天然纤维可以为动物纤维(蜘蛛丝、蚕丝、动物绒毛)、植物纤维(棉花等)等；所述超细合成纤维可以为亲水性聚酯、亲水性聚酰胺、亲水性聚丙烯腈、亲水性聚丙烯、亲水性聚乙烯醇、纳米 纤维素以及玻璃纤维等。
进一步地，所述超细纤维的单丝细度为0.3dtex～1.0dtex。
试验表明，本实施例提供的纤维束201取样时间在10s内，与原来的取样时间3min相比，取样时间被大幅缩减。而且本实施例提供的纤维束201可插拔设置，取样方便且取样量少。
参见图6，本实施例中，所述壳插槽104内固设有第一限位凸台105和第二限位凸台108，其中，第二限位凸台108位于第一限位凸台105远离试纸的一侧，且所述第二限位凸台108设有过板缺口1081。
所述取样器2的外部设有可穿过所述过板缺口1081进入所述第一限位凸台105和第二限位凸台108之间的限位间隙中的卡板203。当将纤维束201插入壳插槽104中时，使所述卡板203与过板缺口1081对齐，即可使卡板203进入限位间隙，然后使取样器转动90°，即，使卡板203与过板缺口1081错开，即可将卡板限制在限位间隙中。
此时，一方面，所述第一限位凸台105阻挡所述卡板203，以限制所述取样器2继续插入，避免过度挤压纤维束201；另一方面，第二限位凸台108阻挡所述卡板203往外运动，使得纤维束201持续处于被挤压状态，有利于待检样品脱离纤维束201，进入到壳插槽104中，并通过倾斜通道107进入检测腔103。其中，从所述壳插槽104的槽底的另一端设有倾斜延伸至使所述检测腔103和壳插槽104连通的倾斜通道107；再者，卡板203也起一定的阻流作用，避免壳插槽104内的待检样品往外流出。
参见图5，所述下壳102靠近观察窗1011的一侧固设有两间隔设置的引流挡板1022，两所述引流挡板1022和所述下壳102的内壁围成开口朝向所述观察窗1011的试纸槽1021。
所述检测试纸3的一端位于所述试纸槽1021中，另一端穿过所述倾斜通道107伸入所述壳插槽104，进而对壳插槽104内的待检样品起引流作用，使得待检样品沿检测试纸3从壳插槽104往检测腔103流动，即，本实施例提供的插拔式毒检卡100，内部的待检样品并不完全依靠重力驱动，这有利于监管人员进行检测时以各种姿势握持壳体1均能顺利实现吸毒检测。
可选的，所述倾斜通道107与所述插拔式毒检卡100的长度方向之间的夹角为10°～90°之间。
本实施例中，将卡板203卡入限位间隙后，纤维束201与倾斜通道107之间留置缓冲空间109。
需要说明的是，缓冲空间109和倾斜通道107可以作为待检样品进入检测腔103之前的缓冲区，对壳插槽104内的待检样品起缓冲作用，避免挤压取样器2后，大量待检样品快速涌进检测腔103导致检测试纸3反应不充分(冲液)的问题。
值得指出的是，设置试纸槽1021可以引导检测腔103内的待检样品主要在试纸槽1021中流动，避免了待检样品在检测腔103内的无效扩散，进而提高待检样品的集中度，这会加快待检样品与检测试纸3之间的反应速度，进一步缩短检测时间。
可选的，所述检测试纸3的宽度为0.5mm～2.5mm，适当缩小检测试纸3的宽度也可缩减反应时间。
当然，于一些其它的实施例中，也可以在下壳102的内侧设置若干间隔设置的支撑凸台，将检测试纸3放置于各支撑凸台上后，扣合上壳101，就能夹紧固定检测试纸3。
本实施例提供的快速毒检方法及分布式毒检系统，具备以下优点：
①采用具有超细纤维的纤维束201进行采样，在10s内就能采集到足够的待检样品，极大地缩减了采样时间；
②检测试纸3呈狭长结构，有效减小所需的待检样品剂量，且反应迅速，能够在30s-40s内完成反应，得到检测结果；
③检测试纸3放置在试纸槽1021内，通过毛细作用加快待检样品的流动速度，有效缩短反应时间；
④检测试纸3通过在倾斜通道107中发生弹性形变，即，检测试纸3也与插拔式毒检卡100的长度方向形成一定的倾斜夹角，从而加大了检测试纸3与待检样品的接触面积，在单位时间内，待检样品与检测试纸3的接触量增加，从而缩短检测试纸3的反应时间；
⑤第一限位凸台105抵持卡板203的端面与挤压凸台106挤压纤维束 201的端面之间的距离尺寸小于纤维束201自然状态下的长度尺寸，故将取样器2插入壳插槽104后，纤维束201发生受压弯曲形变，从而挤出其内部含有的待检样品，而且待检样品在压力的作用下会定向移动，因此该检测试纸3在工作时候，无需像现有试纸一样严格水平放置；该检测试纸3能适应更多的应用场景；
⑥卡板203与壳插槽104过盈配合，将取样器2插入壳插槽104后，卡板203能卡紧在壳插槽104中，以防在检测过程取样器2脱离壳体1；
⑦倾斜通道107可起缓冲作用，避免待检样品快速进入检测腔103中，提高检测结果的准确性；
⑧使用便携终端200进行自动化判断，降低对人力的依赖，提高检测结果的准确性，降低误判风险；
⑨使用一分钟快速毒检装置进行普检，缩短检测时间，提高检测效率，使用中枢装置300进行复检，降低误判风险，在效率与准确之间达到较优的平衡，综合性能较佳；
⑩向监管人员提供被检人员过往的吸毒记录，有利于监管人员提前做好心里准备和加强防范；
应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施方式中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
上文所列出的一系列的详细说明仅仅是针对本发明的可行性实施方式的具体说明，它们并非用以限制本发明的保护范围，凡未脱离本发明技艺精神所作的等效实施方式或变更均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (15)
- 一种快速毒检方法，其特征在于，包括：提供吸毒模型，所述吸毒模型用于根据检测试纸的视觉效果变化情况判断待检样品的含毒量是否超出临界值；使所述待检样品与所述检测试纸反应；在所述检测试纸充分反应之前，获取所述检测试纸的实测视觉效果变化情况；结合所述实测视觉效果变化情况与所述吸毒模型，初步判断所述待检样品的含毒量是否超出临界值，得到初步判断结果。
- 根据权利要求1所述的快速毒检方法，其特征在于，根据检测试纸的视觉效果变化情况判断待检样品的含毒量是否超出临界值包括：制备含毒量为临界值的标定样品；使标定样品与标定试纸反应，获取整个反应过程中若干时刻下标定试纸的视觉效果强度，并计算得到与各视觉效果强度相应的视觉效果强度变化速率；绘制表征标定试纸的视觉效果强度变化速率与视觉效果强度之间的映射关系的吸毒临界曲线；获取所述检测试纸的实测视觉效果变化情况包括：在待检样品与检测试纸充分反应前的指定时间段内，获取若干时刻下检测试纸的视觉效果强度，并计算得到与各视觉效果强度相应的视觉效果强度变化速率；绘制表征检测试纸的视觉效果强度变化速率与视觉效果强度之间的映射关系的实测曲线。
- 根据权利要求2所述的快速毒检方法，其特征在于，初步判断所述待检样品的含毒量是否超出临界值具体为：根据所述吸毒临界曲线和所述实测曲线的相对位置关系，初步判断所述待检样品的含毒量是否超出临界值。
- 根据权利要求1～3任一所述的快速毒检方法，其特征在于，得到所述初步判断结果后，还包括：对被初步判断为待检样品的含毒量超出临界值的被检人员进行检测精度更高的复检，获得复检结果。
- 一种一分钟快速毒检装置，其特征在于，包括：插拔式毒检卡，用于使待检样品与检测试纸反应；便携终端，用于：提供吸毒模型，所述吸毒模型用于根据检测试纸的视觉效果变化情况判断待检样品的含毒量是否超出临界值；在所述检测试纸充分反应之前，获取所述检测试纸的实测视 觉效果变化情况；结合所述实测视觉效果变化情况与所述吸毒模型，初步判断所述待检样品的含毒量是否超出临界值；所述插拔式毒检卡与所述便携式终端可拆卸连接。
- 根据权利要求5所述的一分钟快速毒检装置，其特征在于，所述插拔式毒检卡包括用于获取待检样品的取样器、与所述取样器插拔连接的壳体以及位于所述壳体内的检测试纸。
- 根据权利要求6所述的一分钟快速毒检装置，其特征在于，所述壳体的内部设有存放所述检测试纸的检测腔，所述壳体一端的端面设有与所述检测腔连通的壳插槽；所述取样器包括与所述壳插槽插拔连接的纤维束和固定于所述纤维束远离所述壳体一端的手持部。
- 根据权利要求7所述的一分钟快速毒检装置，其特征在于，所述壳插槽的槽底设有倾斜延伸至使所述检测腔和壳插槽连通的倾斜通道；所述检测试纸的一端穿过所述倾斜通道伸入所述壳插槽。
- 根据权利要求8所述的一分钟快速毒检装置，其特征在于，所述壳插槽内固设有第一限位凸台，所述取样器的外部设有卡板；当所述取样器插入所述壳插槽时，所述第一限位凸台阻挡所述卡板，以限制所述取样器继续插入。
- 根据权利要求9所述的一分钟快速毒检装置，其特征在于，所述第一限位凸台远离检测试纸的一侧设有第二限位凸台；所述第二限位凸台设有过板缺口；所述取样器的外部设有可穿过所述过板缺口进入所述第一限位凸台和第二限位凸台之间的限位间隙中的卡板。
- 根据权利要求10所述的一分钟快速毒检装置，其特征在于，将所述卡板卡入所述限位间隙后，所述纤维束与所述倾斜通道之间留置缓冲空间。
- 根据权利要求6～11任一所述的一分钟快速毒检装置，其特征在于，所述便携终端的一表面设有端插槽，所述插拔式毒检卡与所述端插槽插拔连接；所述壳体设有用于观察所述检测试纸的视觉效果变化的观察窗；所述端插槽内与所述观察窗对应的位置设有用于获取所述视觉效果变化的信息采集单元；所述便携终端还设有：数据处理单元，所述数据处理单元与所述信息采集单元连接，用于对所述信息采集单元采集到的数据进行处理并生成所述检测结果；端输出装置，所述端输出装置与所述数据处理单元电连接，用于根据所述检测结果向监管人员提供图片、文字、视频、声音或者光中至少一种信息的展示。
- 一种分布式毒检系统，其特征在于，包括中枢装置和权利要求5～12任一所述的一分钟快速毒检装置；所述中枢装置设有精检装置，所述一分钟快速毒检装置和所述精检装置均用于吸毒检测，其中，所述一分钟快速毒检装置的检测速度快于所述精检装置，且所述精检装置的检测精度高于所述一分钟快速毒检装置。
- 根据权利要求13所述的分布式毒检系统，其特征在于，所述中枢装置还包括：信息录入模块，用于采集被检人员的身份信息；第一存储器，用于存储监管部门已查验的所有吸毒记录；数据查找模块，所述数据查找模块分别与所述信息录入模块和所述第一存储器电连接，用于根据所述身份信息调取与被检人员相关的吸毒记录。
- 根据权利要求13或14所述的分布式毒检系统，其特征在于，所述精检装置包括尿液检验装置、血液检验装置、毛发检验装置、汗液检验装置、唾液检验装置或者肾功能检验装置中的至少一种。
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| CN113866400A (zh) * | 2021-10-09 | 2021-12-31 | 广东粤港澳大湾区国家纳米科技创新研究院 | 快速毒检方法、一分钟快速毒检装置及分布式毒检系统 |
| CN113866402A (zh) * | 2021-10-09 | 2021-12-31 | 广东粤港澳大湾区国家纳米科技创新研究院 | 分布式毒检系统 |
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| CN117625381A (zh) * | 2024-01-26 | 2024-03-01 | 深圳和合医学检验实验室 | 一种病毒检测用采样装置及方法 |
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