WO2023056714A1 - 一种含氮杂环化合物的芳香化方法 - Google Patents
一种含氮杂环化合物的芳香化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023056714A1 WO2023056714A1 PCT/CN2021/141348 CN2021141348W WO2023056714A1 WO 2023056714 A1 WO2023056714 A1 WO 2023056714A1 CN 2021141348 W CN2021141348 W CN 2021141348W WO 2023056714 A1 WO2023056714 A1 WO 2023056714A1
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- Prior art keywords
- nitrogen
- containing heterocyclic
- reaction
- heterocyclic compounds
- heterocyclic compound
- Prior art date
Links
- -1 nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000005899 aromatization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical group OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloroperbenzoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- XCRBXWCUXJNEFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N peroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XCRBXWCUXJNEFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Peracetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OO KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004191 (C1-C6) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000171 (C1-C6) haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003916 ethylene diamine group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000041 C6-C10 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims 2
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003106 haloaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005347 halocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- WMOVHXAZOJBABW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C WMOVHXAZOJBABW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005310 triazolidinyl group Chemical group N1(NNCC1)* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract description 48
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 37
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000004811 liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000004895 liquid chromatography mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 6
- DNNVRTZJRKIUFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dihydroquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N=CCCC2=C1 DNNVRTZJRKIUFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LRDNJJPCJIVSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-3,4-dihydroquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N=CC(C)CC2=C1 LRDNJJPCJIVSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- XYFRHHAYSXIKGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(5-methoxy-2-methoxycarbonyl-1h-indol-3-yl)prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C=C2C(C=CC(O)=O)=C(C(=O)OC)NC2=C1 XYFRHHAYSXIKGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- LBUJPTNKIBCYBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCNC2=C1 LBUJPTNKIBCYBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L EDTA disodium salt (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960002089 ferrous chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- DIHKMUNUGQVFES-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n,n',n'-tetraethylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCN(CC)CC DIHKMUNUGQVFES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRWRJDVVXAXGBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylindoline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(C)CC2=C1 QRWRJDVVXAXGBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUZMGUAGCNSWQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC(C)CNC2=C1 BUZMGUAGCNSWQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940045803 cuprous chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004427 diamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylmethane Natural products CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- NJSUFZNXBBXAAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;toluene Chemical compound CCO.CC1=CC=CC=C1 NJSUFZNXBBXAAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010812 external standard method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012847 fine chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- LPAGFVYQRIESJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indoline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NCCC2=C1 LPAGFVYQRIESJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005839 oxidative dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
- C07D209/08—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B35/00—Reactions without formation or introduction of functional groups containing hetero atoms, involving a change in the type of bonding between two carbon atoms already directly linked
- C07B35/04—Dehydrogenation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
- C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D215/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
- C07D249/08—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
- C07D249/10—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D249/12—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Definitions
- the present application relates to the technical field of organic synthesis, in particular to a method for aromatizing nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds.
- Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives have good biological activity, and are an important class of raw materials for pesticides, medicines, and fine chemicals.
- indole and its derivatives quinoline and its derivatives, triazole and its derivatives.
- the present application provides a method for aromatizing nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds.
- a method for aromatizing a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound In a solvent, the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is used as a reaction substrate, a transition metal salt or a complex formed by a transition metal salt and an organic compound is used as a catalyst, and a peroxide is used as a catalyst.
- An oxidizing agent reacts to obtain a reaction liquid containing an aromatized product of a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound.
- the solvent is toluene, water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol, tert-butanol, acetonitrile, dichloromethane and dichloroethane at least one of .
- the above-mentioned solvent can not only further increase the conversion rate of the reaction substrate, but is also relatively easy to evaporate and remove, which further simplifies the post-treatment process of the product.
- the amount of the solvent used is equivalent to 3 to 5 times the mass of the reaction substrate.
- the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is a nitrogen-containing benzoheterocyclic compound or a triazolidinyl compound.
- the above-mentioned nitrogen-containing benzoheterocyclic compound or triazolidinyl compound can further increase the yield of the product through the above-mentioned aromatization method.
- the structural formula of the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is:
- R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, halogenated aryl, heteroaryl, halogenated C6-C10 aryl or C1-C9 heteroaryl
- R is hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, halogenated aryl, heteroaryl, halogenated C6-C10 aryl or C1-C9 heteroaryl
- X is oxygen or sulfur
- R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are hydrogen, chlorine, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 cycloalkyl and C1-C6 alkoxy any of the bases.
- the transition metal salt is at least one of iron salt and copper salt.
- the complex formed by the transition metal salt and the organic compound is obtained by mixing the transition metal salt and the organic compound in a molar ratio of 0.8-1.2:1;
- An organic compound with a diamine structure, the structural formula of the organic compound containing an ethylenediamine structure is:
- R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , and R 10 are any one of —H, —CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 3 , —OCH 3 , —CH 2 COOH, and —CH 2 COONa, respectively.
- the anion in the iron salt or copper salt is one of Cl - , NO 3 - , OAc - and SO 4 2- .
- the iron salt can be selected from one of FeCl 2 , FeCl 3 , Fe(NO 3 ) 2 , Fe(NO 3 ) 3 , FeSO 4 and Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ;
- the copper salt can be specifically selected from CuCl , CuCl 2 , CuSO 4 and Cu(OAc) 2 .
- the amount of the catalyst used is equivalent to 0.01%-20% of the molar amount of the reaction substrate.
- the amount of the catalyst used is equivalent to 0.1%-5% of the molar amount of the reaction substrate.
- the oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxyacetate, tert-butyl peroxybenzoate, At least one of peroxybenzoic acid and m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid.
- the selected peroxide can further improve the selectivity of the reaction, so that the reaction substrate only undergoes oxidative dehydrogenation of carbon-nitrogen bonds, avoiding the generation of other impurities, and further reducing the amount of oxidizing agent.
- the amount of the oxidizing agent used is equivalent to 0.9-1.0 times the molar amount of the reaction substrate.
- the temperature of the reaction is -10°C ⁇ 70°C.
- reaction temperature is 10°C to 40°C.
- the reaction time is 0.5-2.5h.
- a precipitation product is obtained, and a re-dissolution solvent is added to the precipitation product for re-dissolution, cooling and crystallization to obtain an aromatized product of a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound.
- the method for removing the solvent is: heating the reaction solution, evaporating and removing the solvent to obtain the precipitation product; the method for re-dissolving is: adding an amount equivalent to the mass of the precipitation product 3 to 5 times of the redissolving solvent to obtain a redissolving mixed solution, and heat the redissolving mixed solution to the reflux temperature to obtain a solution; the method of cooling crystallization is: cooling the solution to -4°C ⁇ - Carry out crystallization at 6° C., precipitate crystals, filter the crystals, collect the crystals and dry them to obtain an aromatized product of a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound; the redissolving solvent is one of water, toluene and xylene.
- the aromatization method of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds uses transition metal salts or complexes formed by transition metal salts and organic compounds as catalysts, and uses peroxides as oxidants to carry out nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds.
- the dehydrogenation and oxidation of compounds can realize the aromatization of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds at lower temperatures, and in the synthesis process of aromatized products, the amount of catalysts and oxidants required is small, the conversion rate and selection of reaction substrates High performance, less impurity production, high yield of aromatized products, and can significantly improve the biological activity of aromatized products of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds.
- the catalyst and the oxidant are cheap and easy to obtain, and the dosage is small, the post-treatment process of the reaction product is simple, and the whole process hardly produces waste gas, waste water and waste residue, and the method It is easy to operate and has high application value.
- reaction formula is as follows:
- a 2 the average value of the peak area of 3-indoline in the sample solution
- a 1 the average value of the peak area of 3-indoline in the standard sample solution
- m 1 the mass of the 3-hydroindoline working standard, in g;
- reaction solution was obtained.
- the reaction solution was heated and evaporated to remove the solvent to obtain the precipitated product.
- 100 g of water to the precipitated product to obtain a redissolved mixture.
- a solution is obtained.
- the solution was cooled to -6°C for crystallization, and kept at -6°C for 1 hour to precipitate crystals. Filter the crystals, collect the crystals and dry them to obtain 19.63 g of the crystalline product 3-methyl-3,4-dihydroquinoline.
- the product can be obtained by precipitating and crystallizing after the reaction, and the post-treatment is simple, without any complicated extraction and separation operations, and no waste water is generated.
- Example 1 Replace m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid in Example 1 with an equal amount of potassium permanganate, other raw material components and preparation method are the same as Example 1, obtain product 3-indoline 15g after solvent removal, 3-indoline The content of indole is 63.5%, and the yield is 48.4%.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
本申请是一种含氮杂环化合物的芳香化方法。所述含氮杂环化合物的芳香化方法为:在溶剂中,以含氮杂环化合物为反应底物,以过渡金属盐或过渡金属盐与有机化合物形成的配合物为催化剂,以过氧化物为氧化剂,反应得到含有含氮杂环化合物的芳香化产物的反应液。本申请提供的含氮杂环化合物的芳香化方法反应条件温和、催化剂用量小、后处理过程简单、反应产物的收率和纯度高,且操作简单。
Description
本专利申请要求于2021年10月9日提交的中国专利申请No.CN202111179477.7的优先权。在先申请的公开内容通过整体引用并入本申请。
本申请涉及有机合成技术领域,尤其涉及一种含氮杂环化合物的芳香化方法。
含氮杂环化合物及其衍生物(芳香化产物)具有很好的生物活性,并且是一类重要的农药、医药、精细化工品的原材料。例如吲哚及其衍生物、喹啉及其衍生物、三唑及其衍生物。
现有公开的含氮杂环化合物芳香化的方法中,反应过程多存在反应温度高、反应时间长、操作复杂、原料的转化率和选择性低、易产生杂质、催化剂用量大、稳定性差以及产物收率低等问题,极大地影响了含氮杂环化合物及其衍生物的生物活性。例如,现有以类水滑石为催化剂,在氧气气氛下进行的含氮杂环化合物芳香化的方法中,反应温度高达80℃以上,且反应过程为非均相体系(固液气三相),原料的转化率和选择性较低且极不稳定。还有在高沸点溶剂DMF作用下,用硫进行碳氮键的脱氢氧化,制备三唑类化合物的方法,该过程需要在DMF回流条件下进行,并不断鼓入空气,反应时间较长,收率低,且易过度氧化产生杂质。也有报道在甲苯-乙醇混合液或乙醇溶液中,用盐酸酸化的三氯化铁作为三唑类化合物芳香化的氧化试剂,但三氯化铁的用量需远远过量,后处理时会产生大量的酸性氯化亚铁水溶液,造成环境污染。
针对现有含氮杂环化合物芳香化的方法存在的上述问题,本申请提供一种含氮杂环化合物的芳香化方法,该方法具有反应条件温和、催化剂用量小、后处理过程简单、反应产物的收率和纯度高的优势。
为达到上述申请目的,本申请实施例采用了如下的技术方案:
一种含氮杂环化合物的芳香化方法,在溶剂中,以含氮杂环化合物为反应底物,以过渡金属盐或过渡金属盐与有机化合物形成的配合物为催化剂,以过氧化物为氧化剂,反应得到包含含氮杂环化合物的芳香化产物的反应液。
作为本申请的一个实施例,所述溶剂为甲苯、水、甲醇、乙醇、2-丙醇、2-甲基-2-丙醇、叔丁醇、乙腈、二氯甲烷和二氯乙烷中的至少一种。
上述溶剂不仅可以进一步提高反应底物的转化率,还比较容易蒸发脱除,进一步简化了产物的后处理过程。
作为本申请的一个实施例,所述溶剂的用量相当于所述反应底物的质量的3~5倍。
作为本申请的一个实施例,所述含氮杂环化合物为含氮苯并杂环化合物或三唑烷基化合物。
上述含氮苯并杂环化合物或三唑烷基化合物通过上述芳香化方法,可进一步提高产物的收率。
作为本申请的一个实施例,所述含氮杂环化合物的结构式为:
其中,R
1为氢、烷基、烷氧基、羟基、环烷基、杂环基、芳基、卤代芳基、杂芳基、卤代C6-C10芳基或C1-C9杂芳基、卤代环烷基、酯基、羰基中的一种;
X为氧或硫;
R
2、R
3、R
4、R
5、R
6分别为氢、氯、羟基、C1-C6的烷基、C1-C6的卤代烷基、C1-C6的环烷基和C1-C6的烷氧基中的任一种。
作为本申请的一个实施例,所述过渡金属盐为铁盐和铜盐中的至少一种。
作为本申请的一个实施例,所述过渡金属盐与有机化合物形成的配合物由所述过渡金属盐与所述有机化合物按照0.8-1.2:1的摩尔比混合得到;所述有机化合物为含有乙二胺基结构的有机物,所述含有乙二胺基结构的有机物的结构式为:
其中,R
7、R
8、R
9、R
10分别为-H、-CH
3、-CH
2CH
3、-OCH
3、-CH
2COOH和-CH
2COONa中的任一种。
作为本申请的一个实施例,所述铁盐或铜盐中的阴离子为Cl
-、NO
3
-、OAc
-和SO
4
2-中的一种。
所述铁盐具体可选用FeCl
2、FeCl
3、Fe(NO
3)
2、Fe(NO
3)
3、FeSO
4和Fe
2(SO
4)
3中的一种;所述铜盐具体可选用CuCl、CuCl
2、CuSO
4和Cu(OAc)
2中的一种。
作为本申请的一个实施例,所述催化剂的用量相当于所述反应底物的摩尔量的0.01%~20%。
进一步的,所述催化剂的用量相当于所述反应底物的摩尔量的0.1%~5%。
作为本申请的一个实施例,所述氧化剂为过氧化氢、过氧乙酸、叔丁基过氧化氢、二叔丁基过氧化物、过氧乙酸叔丁酯、过氧苯甲酸叔丁酯、过氧苯甲酸和间氯过氧苯甲酸中的至少一种。
上述选择的过氧化物可以进一步提高反应的选择性,使反应底物只进行碳氮键的氧化脱氢,避免了其它杂质的产生,同时进一步降低了氧化剂的用量。
作为本申请的一个实施例,所述氧化剂的用量相当于所述反应底物的摩尔量的0.9~1.0倍。
作为本申请的一个实施例,所述反应的温度为-10℃~70℃。
进一步的,所述反应的温度为10℃~40℃。
作为本申请的一个实施例,所述反应的时间为0.5-2.5h。
作为本申请的一个实施例,将所述反应液脱除溶剂后,得到脱溶产物,向脱溶产物中加入重溶溶剂进行重溶、降温结晶,得到含氮杂环化合物的芳香化产物。
所述脱除溶剂的方法为:将所述反应液加热,蒸发脱除所述溶剂,得到脱溶产物;所述重溶的方法为:向脱溶产物中加入相当于所述脱溶产物质量的3~5倍的重溶溶剂,得到重溶混合液,加热该重溶混合液至回流温度,得到溶解液;所述降温结晶的方法为:将所述溶解液降温至-4℃~-6℃进行结晶,析出晶体,对晶体进行过滤,收集晶体并进行干燥,得到含氮杂环化合物的芳香化产物;所述重溶溶剂为水、甲苯和二甲苯中的一种。
相对于现有技术,本申请提供的含氮杂环化合物的芳香化方法,以过渡金属盐或过渡金属盐与有机化合物形成的配合物作为催化剂,以过氧化物作为氧化剂,进行含氮杂环化合物的脱氢氧化,可在较低温度下实现含氮杂环化合物的芳香化,且芳香化产物的合成过程中,所需的催化剂和氧化剂的用量少、反应底物的转化率和选择性高、杂质产生量少,得到的芳香化产物的收率高,并可显著提高含氮杂环化合物的芳香化产物的生物活性。
此外,本申请提供的含氮杂环化合物芳香化的方法中,催化剂和氧化剂均廉价易得、用量小,反应产物的后处理过程简单,整个过程几乎不产生废气、废水和废渣,且该方法操作简单,具有极高的应用价值。
本申请的实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请,并不用于限定本申请。
实施例1
3-氢吲哚的合成
常温条件下,向250mL的四口瓶中加入80g乙腈、催化剂(2.13mg,0.0168mmol氯化亚铁和6.25mg、0.0168mmol的EDTA-2Na.2H
2O),搅拌均匀后,得到混合液。向混合液中加入20g(0.1678mol)2,3-二氢吲哚,搅拌,得到反应混合液。然后降温至10℃,向反应混合液中分5批次加入间氯过氧苯甲酸,间氯过氧苯甲酸的总加入量为30.7g(0.1510mol,质量含量85%)。间氯过氧苯甲酸加入完毕后10℃保温2h。利用液相色谱跟踪并监测反应进程。反应完成后,得到反应液。将反应液加热蒸发脱除溶剂,得到脱溶产物。然后向脱溶产物中加入60g水,得到重溶混合液。加热该重溶混合液至回流温度后,得到溶解液。将溶解液降温至-5℃进行结晶,并在-5℃保温1h,析出晶体。对晶体进行过滤,收集结晶并干燥,得到结晶产品3-氢吲哚19.58g,经过液相色谱检测,3-氢吲哚的含量为98.2%,收率为97.8%。具体反应式如下:
其中,通过液相色谱检测,按外标法计算3-氢吲哚的含量x
1,公式如下:
式中:
A
2:试样溶液中3-氢吲哚峰面积的平均值;
A
1:标样溶液中3-氢吲哚峰面积的平均值;
m
1:3-氢吲哚工作标准品的质量,单位为g;
m
2:3-氢吲哚试样的质量,单位为g;
P:3-氢吲哚工作标准品的含量,单位为%;
对产品3-氢吲哚进行核磁共振氢谱(
1HNMR)和液相色谱质谱联用(LC-MS)分析,得到的表征数据如下:
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl
3)δppm:8.51(1H),7.32(m,1H),7.29(m,1H),7.27(m,1H),7.05(m,1H),3.38(d,J=6.8,2H)
LC-MS[M+H]
+:118.1513,3-氢吲哚计算的[M+H]
+为118.1510。
实施例2
2-甲基-3-氢吲哚的合成
常温条件下,向250mL的四口瓶中加入80g无水甲醇、催化剂(1.87g、7.51mmol五水硫酸铜和0.87g、7.51mmol的1,2-双(二甲基氨基)乙烷),搅拌均匀后,得到混合液。向混合液中加入20g(0.1501mol)2-甲基吲哚啉,搅拌,得到反应混合液。在25℃下,向反应混合液中滴加二叔丁基过氧化物,二叔丁基过氧化物的滴加量为21.08g。二叔丁基过氧化物滴加完毕后25℃保温1h。利用液相色谱跟踪并监测反应进程。反应完成后,得到反应液。然后向反应液中加入80g水,加热至回流温度后,再降温至-4℃进行结晶,并在-4℃保温0.5h,析出晶体。对晶体进行过滤,收集结晶并干燥,得到结晶产品2-甲基-3-氢吲哚19.60g,经过液相色谱检测,2-甲基-3-氢吲哚的含量为97.8%,收率为97.3%(其中,收率和含量的计算方法同实施例1)。具体反应式如下:
对产品2-甲基-3-氢吲哚进行
1HNMR和LC-MS分析,得到的表征数据如下:
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl
3)δppm:7.31(m,1H),7.29(m,1H),7.27(m,1H),7.07(m,1H),3.38(s,2H),1.93(s,3H)
LC-MS[M+H]
+:132.1791,2-甲基-3-氢吲哚计算的[M+H]
+为132.1780。
实施例3
3-甲基-3,4-二氢喹啉的合成
常温条件下,向250mL的四口瓶中加入80g 2-丙醇、1.02g(5.44mmol)硝酸铜,搅拌均匀后,得到混合液。向混合液中加入20g(0.1359mol)3-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉,搅拌,得到反应混合液。然后升温至40℃,向反应混合液中滴加过氧苯甲酸叔丁酯,过氧苯甲酸叔丁酯的滴加量为25.86g。过氧苯甲酸叔丁酯滴加完毕后40℃保温0.5h。利用液相色谱跟踪并监测反应进程。反应完成后,得到反应液。将反应液加热蒸发脱除溶剂,得到脱溶产物。然后向脱溶产物中加入100g水,得到重溶混合液。加热该重溶混合液至回流温度后,得到溶解液。将溶解液降温至-6℃进行结晶,并在-6℃保温1h,析出晶体。对晶体进行过滤,收集结晶并干燥,得到结晶产品3-甲基-3,4-二氢喹啉19.63g,经过液相色谱检测,3-甲基-3,4-二氢喹啉的含量为97.8%,收率为97.3%(其中,收率和含量的计算方法同实施例1)。具体反应式如下:
对产品3-甲基-3,4-二氢喹啉进行
1HNMR和LC-MS分析,得到的表征数据如下:
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl
3)δppm:8.51(d,J=5,1H),7.25(m,1H),7.22(m,1H),7.20(m,1H),7.06(m,1H),2.93(m,1H),2.90(m,1H),2.65(m,1H),0.89(d,J=5.8,3H)
LC-MS[M+H]
+:146.2056,3-甲基-3,4-二氢喹啉计算的[M+H]
+为146.2050。
实施例4
3,4-二氢喹啉的合成
常温条件下,向250mL的四口瓶中加入100g 2-甲基-2-丙醇、催化剂(1.70g、6.79mmol五水硫酸铜和1.17g、6.79mmol的1,2-双(二乙基氨基)乙烷),搅拌均匀后,得到混合液。向混合液中加入20g(0.1501mol)1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉,搅拌,得到反应混合液。然后降温至-10℃,向反应混合液中滴加二叔丁基过氧化氢,二叔丁基过氧化氢的滴加量为21.30g。二叔丁基过氧化氢滴加完毕后-10℃保温2.5h。利用液相色谱跟踪并监测反应进程,反应完成后,得到反应液。将反应液加热蒸发脱除溶剂,得到脱溶产物。然后向脱溶产物中加入60g水,得到重溶混合液。加热该重溶混合液至回流温度后,得到溶解液。将溶解液降温至-5℃进行结晶,并在-5℃保温1h,析出晶体。对晶体进行过滤,收集结晶并干燥,得到结晶产品3,4-二氢喹啉19.52g,经过液相色谱检测,3,4-二氢喹啉的含量为97.9%,收率为97.0%(其中,收率和纯度的计算方法同实施例1)。具体反应式如下:
对产品3,4-二氢喹啉进行
1HNMR和LC-MS分析,得到的表征数据如下:
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl
3)δppm:8.51(m,1H),7.25(m,1H),7.21(m,1H),7.20(m,1H),7.06(m,1H),3.20(m,2H),2.45(m,2H)
LC-MS[M+H]
+:132.1796,3,4-二氢喹啉计算的[M+H]
+为132.1780。
实施例5
1-(1-氯环丙基)-2-(5-硫基-1,2,4-三唑基)-乙酮的合成
常温条件下,向250mL的四口瓶中加入80g 乙腈、催化剂(0.295g、1.82mmol氯化铁和0.21g、1.82mmol的1,2-双(二乙基氨基)乙烷),搅拌均匀后,得到混合液。向混合液中加入20g(0.091mol)1-(1-氯环丙基)-2-(5-硫基-1,2,4-三唑烷基)-乙酮,搅拌,得到反应混合液。然后升温至70℃,向反应混合液中分5批次加入间氯过氧苯甲酸,间氯过氧苯甲酸的总加入量为14.92g。间氯过氧苯甲酸加入完毕后70℃保温2.5h。利用液相色谱跟踪并监测反应进程。反应完成后,得到反应液。将反应液加热蒸发脱除溶剂,得到脱溶产物。然后向脱溶产物中加入60g甲苯,得到重溶混合液。加热该重溶混合液至回流温度后,得到溶解液。将溶解液降温至-5℃结晶,并在-5℃保温1h,析出晶体。对晶体进行过滤,收集结晶并干燥,得到结晶产品1-(1-氯环丙基)-2-(5-硫基-1,2,4-三唑基)-乙酮19.33g,经过液相色谱检测,1-(1-氯环丙基)-2-(5-硫基-1,2,4-三唑基)-乙酮的含量为98.5%,收率为96.1%(其中,收率和含量的计算方法同实施例1)。具体反应式如下:
对产品1-(1-氯环丙基)-2-(5-硫基-1,2,4-三唑基)-乙酮进行
1HNMR和LC-MS分析,得到的表征数据如下:
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl
3)δppm:11.23(m,1H)7.92(d,J=4.5,1H),4.61(s,2H),1.61(m,2H),1.35(m,2H)
LC-MS[M+H]
+:218.6725,1-(1-氯环丙基)-2-(5-硫基-1,2,4-三唑基)-乙酮计算的[M+H]
+为218.6710。
实施例6
2-(1-氯环丙基)-1-(2-氯苯基)-2-羟基-3-(1,2,4-三唑基-5-硫-1-基)-丙烷的合成
常温条件下,向250mL的四口瓶中加入50g甲苯和30g甲醇、催化剂(2.89g、0.012mmol蓝矾(五水硫酸铜)),搅拌均匀后,得到混合液。向混合液中加入20g(0.0578mol)2-(1-氯环丙基)-1-(2-氯苯基)-2-羟基-3-(1,2,4-三唑烷基-5-硫-1-基)-丙烷,搅拌,得到反应混合液。然后升温至40℃,向反应混合液中缓慢滴加6.87g过氧乙酸叔丁酯,过氧乙酸叔丁酯滴加完毕后40℃保温0.5h。利用液相色谱跟踪并监测反应进程。反应完成后,得到反应液。将反应液加热蒸发脱除溶剂,得到脱溶产物。然后向脱溶产物中加入60g二甲苯,得到重溶混合液。加热该重溶混合液至回流温度后,得到溶解液。将溶解液降温至-5℃进行结晶,并在-5℃保温1h,析出晶体。对晶体进行过滤,收集结晶并干燥,得到结晶产品2-(1-氯环丙基)-1-(2-氯苯基)-2-羟基-3-(1,2,4-三唑基-5-硫-1-基)-丙烷19.54g,经过液相色谱检测,2-(1-氯环丙基)-1-(2-氯苯基)-2-羟基-3-(1,2,4-三唑基-5-硫-1-基)-丙烷的含量为98.5%,收率为96.8%(其中,收率和纯度的计算方法同实施例1)。具体反应式如下:
对产品2-(1-氯环丙基)-1-(2-氯苯基)-2-羟基-3-(1,2,4-三唑基-5-硫-1-基)-丙烷进行
1HNMR和LC-MS分析,得到的表征数据如下:
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl
3)δppm:11.23(m,1H),8.46(s,1H),7.58(d,J=8.6,1H),7.40(t,J=2.5,3H),5.08(s,1H),3.36(m,2H),2.92(m,2H),0.88(m,2H),0.73(m,2H),
LC-MS[M+H]
+:345.2561,计算的[M+H]
+为345.2540。
实施例7
2-(1-氯环丙基)-1-(2-氯苯基)-2-羟基-3-(1,2,4-三唑基-5-硫-1-基)-丙烷的合成
常温条件下,向250mL的四口瓶中加入50g甲苯和30g水、催化剂(5.70mg、0.0578mmol氯化亚铜和6.71mg、0.0578mmol的1,2-双(二甲基氨基)乙烷),搅拌均匀后,得到混合液。向混合液中加入20g(0.0578mol)2-(1-氯环丙基)-1-(2-氯苯基)-2-羟基-3-(1,2,4-三唑烷基-5-硫-1-基)-丙烷,搅拌,得到反应混合液。然后降温至15℃,向反应混合液中分5批次加入过氧苯甲酸,过氧苯甲酸的总加入量为7.82g。过氧苯甲酸加入完毕后15℃保温1h。利用液相色谱跟踪并监测反应进程。反应完成后,得到反应液。将反应液进行分液处理,收集有机相,将有机相加热蒸发脱除溶剂,得到脱溶产物。然后向脱溶产物中加入60g二甲苯,得到重溶混合液。加热该重溶混合液至回流温度后,得到溶解液。将溶解液降温至-5℃进行结晶,并在-5℃保温1h,析出晶体。对晶体进行过滤,收集结晶并干燥,得到结晶产品2-(1-氯环丙基)-1-(2-氯苯基)-2-羟基-3-(1,2,4-三唑基-5-硫-1-基)-丙烷19.60g,经过液相色谱检测,2-(1-氯环丙基)-1-(2-氯苯基)-2-羟基-3-(1,2,4-三唑基-5-硫-1-基)-丙烷的含量为98.9%,收率为97.5%(其中,收率和含量的计算方法同实施例1)。具体反应式如下:
对产品2-(1-氯环丙基)-1-(2-氯苯基)-2-羟基-3-(1,2,4-三唑基-5-硫-1-基)-丙烷进行
1HNMR和LC-MS分析,核磁共振氢谱数据和LC-MS数据同实施例6。
实施例8
2-(1-氯环丙基)-1-(2-氯苯基)-2-羟基-3-(1,2,4-三唑基-5-硫-1-基)-丙烷的合成
常温条件下,向250mL的四口瓶中加入80g乙腈、催化剂(0.144g、0.578mmol五水硫酸铜和0.22g、0.578mmol的EDTA-2Na.2H
2O),搅拌均匀后,得到混合液。向混合液中加入20g(0.0578mol)2-(1-氯环丙基)-1-(2-氯苯基)-2-羟基-3-(1,2,4-三唑烷基-5-硫-1-基)-丙烷,搅拌,得到反应混合液。然后降温至-10℃,向反应混合液中滴加质量分数为30%的双氧水,双氧水的滴加量为6.02g。双氧水滴加完毕后保温1h。利用液相色谱跟踪并监测反应进程。反应完成后,得到反应液。将反应液加热蒸发脱除溶剂,得到脱溶产物。然后向脱溶产物中加入60g甲苯,得到重溶混合液。加热该重溶混合液至回流温度后,得到溶解液。将溶解液降温至-5℃进行结晶,并在-5℃保温1h,析出晶体。对晶体进行过滤,收集结晶并干燥,得到结晶产品2-(1-氯环丙基)-1-(2-氯苯基)-2-羟基-3-(1,2,4-三唑基-5-硫-1-基)-丙烷19.68g,经过液相色谱检测,2-(1-氯环丙基)-1-(2-氯苯基)-2-羟基-3-(1,2,4-三唑基-5-硫-1-基)-丙烷的含量为98.2%,收率为97.2%(其中,收率和含量的计算方法同实施例1)。具体反应式如下:
对结晶产品2-(1-氯环丙基)-1-(2-氯苯基)-2-羟基-3-(1,2,4-三唑基-5-硫-1-基)-丙烷进行
1HNMR和LC-MS分析,核磁共振氢谱数据和LC-MS数据同实施例6。
实施例1-8中,反应结束后通过脱溶、结晶就可得到产品,后处理简单,不需要任何繁琐的萃取分离操作,不产生废水。
对比例1
用等摩尔量的Pd(OAc)
2代替实施例1中的催化剂,其它原料成分及制备方法与实施例1相同,脱除溶剂后得到产品3-氢吲哚32g,3-氢吲哚的含量为48.5%,收率为52.63%。
对比例2
用等量的高锰酸钾代替实施例1中的间氯过氧苯甲酸,其它原料成分及制备方法与实施例1相同,脱除溶剂后得到产品3-氢吲哚15g,3-氢吲哚的含量为63.5%,收率为48.4%。
以上所述仅为本申请的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本申请,凡在本申请的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换或改进等,均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
Claims (11)
- 一种含氮杂环化合物的芳香化方法,其特征在于:在溶剂中,以含氮杂环化合物为反应底物,以过渡金属盐或过渡金属盐与有机化合物形成的配合物为催化剂,以过氧化物为氧化剂,反应得到含有含氮杂环化合物的芳香化产物的反应液。
- 如权利要求1所述的含氮杂环化合物的芳香化方法,其特征在于:所述溶剂为甲苯、水、甲醇、乙醇、2-丙醇、2-甲基-2-丙醇、叔丁醇、乙腈、二氯甲烷和二氯乙烷中的至少一种;和/或所述溶剂的用量相当于所述反应底物的质量的3~5倍。
- 如权利要求1所述的含氮杂环化合物的芳香化方法,其特征在于:所述含氮杂环化合物为含氮苯并杂环化合物或三唑烷基化合物。
- 如权利要求5所述的含氮杂环化合物的芳香化方法,其特征在于:所述铁盐或铜盐中的阴离子为Cl -、NO 3 -、OAc -和SO 4 2-中的一种。
- 如权利要求1所述的含氮杂环化合物的芳香化方法,其特征在于:所述催化剂的用量相当于所述反应底物的摩尔量的0.01%~20%。
- 如权利要求7所述的含氮杂环化合物的芳香化方法,其特征在于:所述催化剂的用量相当于所述反应底物的摩尔量的0.1%~5%。
- 如权利要求1所述的含氮杂环化合物的芳香化方法,其特征在于:所述氧化剂为过氧化氢、过氧乙酸、叔丁基过氧化氢、二叔丁基过氧化物、过氧乙酸叔丁酯、过氧苯甲酸叔丁酯、过氧苯甲酸、间氯过氧苯甲酸中的至少一种;和/或所述氧化剂的用量相当于所述反应底物的摩尔量的0.9~1.0倍;和/或所述反应的温度为-10℃~70℃;和/或所述反应的时间为0.5~2.5h。
- 如权利要求1所述的含氮杂环化合物的芳香化方法,其特征在于:所述方法还包括:将所述反应液脱除溶剂后,得到脱溶产物,向脱溶产物中加入重溶溶剂进行重溶、降温结晶,得到含氮杂环化合物的芳香化产物。
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