WO2023054567A1 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、及び液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、及び液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M trans-cinnamate Chemical group [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)OC YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYWIYKKSMDLRDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(C)=O KYWIYKKSMDLRDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/15—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring
- C08K5/151—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring having one oxygen atom in the ring
- C08K5/1515—Three-membered rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/15—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring
- C08K5/151—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring having one oxygen atom in the ring
- C08K5/1525—Four-membered rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/15—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring
- C08K5/156—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring having two oxygen atoms in the ring
- C08K5/1565—Five-membered rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal aligning agent, a liquid crystal alignment film obtained thereby, and a liquid crystal display element comprising the obtained liquid crystal alignment film. More specifically, the present invention relates to a liquid crystal aligning agent that can provide a liquid crystal alignment film having good liquid crystal alignment, excellent pretilt angle expression ability, and high reliability, and a liquid crystal display element having excellent display quality.
- the liquid crystal alignment film plays a role of orienting the liquid crystal in a certain direction.
- the main liquid crystal alignment films used industrially are polyimide precursors such as polyamic acid (also known as polyamic acid), polyamic acid esters, and polyimide-based liquid crystal alignment agents made of polyimide solutions. It is produced by applying and forming a film. Further, when the liquid crystal is aligned parallel or tilted with respect to the substrate surface, the surface is stretched by rubbing after the film formation.
- a vertical alignment (VA) system a long-chain alkyl, a cyclic group, or a combination of a cyclic group and an alkyl group
- a steroid skeleton for example, see Patent Document 2
- a liquid crystal alignment film in which a hydrophobic group is introduced into a side chain of polyimide is used.
- a method of providing projections on the substrate for example, a method of providing projections on the substrate, a method of providing slits in the display electrodes, and a method of slightly tilting the liquid crystal molecules from the normal direction of the substrate toward one direction within the substrate surface by rubbing ( Pretilt) method, further, by adding a photopolymerizable compound in advance to the liquid crystal composition, using it together with a vertical alignment film such as polyimide, and irradiating ultraviolet rays while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal cell, the liquid crystal is pretilt.
- a method for example, see Patent Document 3 is proposed.
- VA-type liquid crystal display elements are used in TVs and in-vehicle displays due to their high contrast and wide viewing angle.
- Liquid crystal display elements for TVs use backlights that generate a large amount of heat in order to obtain high brightness
- liquid crystal display elements used for in-vehicle applications such as car navigation systems and meter panels, are exposed to high temperatures for long periods of time. May be used or abandoned.
- the pretilt angle gradually changes, problems such as failure to obtain initial display characteristics and display unevenness occur.
- the liquid crystal is driven, the voltage retention characteristics and charge accumulation characteristics are also affected by the liquid crystal alignment film. , the phenomenon of display screen burn-in occurs.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances. It is to provide a liquid crystal aligning film capable of achieving the above, a liquid crystal display element having the same, and a liquid crystal aligning agent that provides the same.
- Component (A) has a photoalignable group represented by the following formula (pa-1) and a thermally crosslinkable group, and the thermally crosslinkable group reacts with a carboxyl group to form a covalent bond.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a compound that is a group, a polyamic acid as the component (B), and a solvent.
- A is optionally a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and a group selected from a cyano group, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a linear or branched alkyl residue (which is optionally substituted with one cyano group or one or more halogen atoms), pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, pyridine-2,5-diyl group, thiophene- represents a 2,5-diyl group, a furan-2,5-diyl group, a 1,4- or 2,6-naphthylene group or a phenylene group, and R 1 is a single bond, an oxygen atom, -COO- or -OCO-; , R 2 is a divalent aromatic group, divalent alicyclic group, divalent heterocyclic group or divalent condensed cyclic group, R 3 is a single bond, an oxygen atom, -COO-
- each of the plurality of R 1 and R 2 independently has the above definition.
- X and Y are each independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and part or all of the hydrogen atoms in this alkyl group are substituted with fluorine atoms; may
- a "wavy line” between “C” and “A” and between "C” and “X” means that it may be in the E or Z configuration. In this specification, the "wavy line” has the same meaning as above.
- liquid-crystal aligning property is favorable and it can provide the liquid-crystal aligning film and liquid-crystal aligning agent which are excellent also in pretilt angle expression ability. Also, the liquid crystal display device manufactured by the method of the present invention has excellent display characteristics.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has a photo-aligning group and a thermally crosslinkable group represented by the formula (pa-1) as the component (A), and the thermally crosslinkable group reacts with a carboxy group to share It contains a compound that is a group capable of forming a bond (hereinafter also referred to as a specific compound), polyamic acid as component (B), and a solvent.
- the compound which is the (A) component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has a photo-aligning group and a thermally crosslinkable group.
- the photo-orientation group since the photo-orientation group has high sensitivity to light, it can exhibit alignment controllability even when irradiated with a low amount of polarized ultraviolet light.
- the compound as component (A) since the compound as component (A) has a hydrophobic photo-alignment group, when the liquid crystal aligning agent is applied to the substrate, the polyamic acid as component (B) is on the substrate side, and the component (A) is A compound is gathered on the surface layer side.
- the coating film obtained using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has a photo-aligning group concentrated on the surface layer, so that even if the content of the compound as the component (A) is reduced, a good Orientation is obtained.
- the thermally crosslinkable group of the component (A) is a group capable of forming a covalent bond by reacting with a carboxyl group, the compound as the component (A) and ( B) A cross-linking reaction with the component becomes possible.
- liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention can also aim at the improvement of electrical characteristics, such as voltage retention improvement and residual electric charge accumulation suppression, by containing the polyamic acid which is (B) component.
- electrical characteristics such as voltage retention improvement and residual electric charge accumulation suppression
- the specific compound which is the component (A) of the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention, has a photo-aligning group and a thermally crosslinkable group represented by the formula (pa-1), and the thermally crosslinkable group is a carboxy group and It is a compound that is a group that can react to form a covalent bond.
- a specific compound is preferably a compound represented by formula (a-1), for example.
- M a represents a thermally crosslinkable group.
- Thermally crosslinkable groups include organic groups selected from the group consisting of epoxy-site-containing groups, oxetanyl groups, thiiranyl groups, and cyclocarbonate groups.
- S a represents a spacer
- I a represents bonding to the thermally crosslinkable group, optionally via a spacer
- Sa can be represented, for example, by the structure of the following formula (Sp).
- the left bond of W 1 represents the bond to M a
- the right bond of W3 represents the bond to Ia
- Examples of aromatic groups for A 1 and A 2 include aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 18 carbon atoms such as benzene ring, biphenyl structure and naphthalene ring.
- Examples of the alicyclic group for A 1 and A 2 include alicyclic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 12 carbon atoms such as cyclohexane ring and bicyclohexane structure.
- Examples of heterocyclic rings for A 1 and A 2 include nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings such as pyridine ring, piperidine ring and piperazine ring.
- Examples of the alkylene group for A 1 and A 2 include a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Ia is a monovalent organic group represented by formula (pa-1).
- A is optionally a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and a group selected from a cyano group, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a linear or branched alkyl residue (which is optionally substituted with one cyano group or one or more halogen atoms), pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, pyridine-2,5-diyl group, thiophene- represents a 2,5-diyl group, a furan-2,5-diyl group, a 1,4- or 2,6-naphthylene group or a phenylene group, and R 1 is a single bond, an oxygen atom, -COO- or -OCO-; , R 2 is a divalent aromatic group, divalent alicyclic group, divalent heterocyclic group or divalent condensed cyclic group, R 3 is a single bond, an oxygen atom, -COO-
- each of the plurality of R 1 and R 2 independently has the above definition.
- X and Y are each independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and part or all of the hydrogen atoms in this alkyl group are substituted with fluorine atoms; may
- the group represented by (pa-1) above is preferably a group represented by (pa-1-a) below, from the viewpoint of being able to exhibit good vertical alignment controllability and a stable pretilt angle. It is not limited to this.
- Z is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- X a and X b are each independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and part or all of the hydrogen atoms in this alkyl group are substituted with fluorine atoms; may have been
- R 1 is a single bond, an oxygen atom, -COO- or -OCO-.
- R2 is a divalent aromatic group, a divalent alicyclic group, or a divalent heterocyclic group.
- R3 is a single bond, an oxygen atom, -COO- or -OCO-.
- R 4 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, or a monovalent organic group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms including an alicyclic group, and part or all of the hydrogen atoms of this alkyl group may be substituted by a fluorine atom.
- R 5 is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine atom or a cyano group, preferably a methyl group, a methoxy group or a fluorine atom.
- a is an integer of 0-3 and b is an integer of 0-4.
- the linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in S a is preferably a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, such as a methylene group. , ethylene group, n-propylene group, n-butylene group, t-butylene group, n-pentylene group, n-hexylene group, n-heptylene group and n-octylene group are preferred.
- the divalent aromatic group of S a includes, for example, 1,4-phenylene group, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, 2,3,5,6-tetra
- a fluoro-1,4-phenylene group and the like can be mentioned.
- examples of the divalent alicyclic group for S a include a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group and a trans-trans-1,4-bicyclohexylene group.
- divalent heterocyclic groups for S a include pyridine-2,6-diyl, pyridine-3,5-diyl, furan-2,5-diyl, piperazine-1,4-diyl, piperidine -1,4-diyl group and the like.
- S a is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and still more preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the spacer S a is preferably —CH 2 —.
- examples of the divalent aromatic group for R 2 include 1,4-phenylene group, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, 2 , 3,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,4-phenylene group, naphthylene group and the like.
- examples of the divalent alicyclic group for R 2 include trans-1,4-cyclohexylene and trans-trans-1,4-bicyclohexylene.
- R 2 examples include pyridine-2,6-diyl, pyridine-3,5-diyl, furan-2,5-diyl, piperazine-1,4-diyl, piperidine -1,4-diyl group and the like can be mentioned.
- R 2 is preferably a 1,4-phenylene group, a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group and a trans-trans-1,4-bicyclohexylene group.
- the linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms for R 4 includes, for example, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Or all may be substituted by fluorine atoms.
- alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n -nonyl group, n-decyl group, n-lauryl group, n-dodecyl group, n-tridecyl group, n-tetradecyl group, n-pentadecyl group, n-hexadecyl group, n-heptadecyl group, n-octadecyl group, n -nonadecyl group, n
- Examples of the monovalent organic group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms including an alicyclic group for R 4 include cholestenyl group, cholestanyl group, adamantyl group, and the following formula (Alc-1) or (Alc-2) (wherein, R 7 is each a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, any hydrogen atom of the alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms may be substituted with a fluorine atom, * is a bond showing the position) and the like can be mentioned.
- Specific compounds as component (A) include, but are not limited to, compounds represented by formulas (paa-1-ma1) to (paa-1-ma22).
- “(E)” represents the E-form
- “(E,Z)” represents the E-form or Z-form
- "t” represents that the cyclohexyl group is trans-type.
- the specific compound which is the component (A)
- the specific compound can be produced by combining known reactions. Specifically, it is produced by the method described in "Specific Compound Synthesis Example” below or by a method similar thereto. be able to.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains polyamic acid (P) as component (B).
- the polyamic acid (P) can be obtained by a polymerization reaction between a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic acid component containing a tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
- the polyamic acid (P), which is the component (B) may be partially imidized or esterified as long as the carboxyl group that reacts with the thermally crosslinkable group contained in the component (A) remains. You can have it.
- diamine Various diamines can be used as the diamine component used for producing the polyamic acid (P) according to the purpose.
- the diamines used for producing the polyamic acid (P) may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- Preferred specific examples of the diamine (hereinafter also referred to as diamine (p)) used for producing the polyamic acid (P) include the following diamines.
- A represents a monovalent group in which two primary amino groups are bonded to an aromatic group.
- aromatic groups include benzene rings, naphthalene rings, and biphenyl structures.
- X is a single bond, —(CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15), —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CO—N(CH 3 )—, —NH—, —O -, -COO-, -OCO- or -(A 0 ) m0 -((CH 2 ) a1 -A 1 ) m1 - (a1 is an integer of 1 to 15, A 0 and A 1 are an oxygen atom or - represents COO-, m0 is an integer of 0 or 1, and m1 is an integer of 1 to 2.
- m1 is 2
- multiple a1 and A1 each independently have the above definition. show.
- J represents a monovalent organic group having at least one group selected from the group consisting of an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 40 carbon atoms and an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms.
- at least one of the hydrogen atoms of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group and the aromatic hydrocarbon group is a halogen atom, a halogen atom-containing alkyl group, a halogen atom-containing alkoxy group, an alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a carbon It is substituted with a substituent (v) which is either an alkoxy group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
- any carbon-carbon single bond in these substituents (v) may be interrupted by -O-.
- J is an alicyclic hydrocarbon group that is unsubstituted or substituted with a substituent other than the above substituent (v) and an aromatic It may further have at least one group selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon groups.
- halogen atom-containing alkyl groups include halogen atom-containing alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Halogen atom-containing alkoxy groups include, for example, halogen atom-containing alkoxy groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group for J include cyclobutane ring, cyclopentane ring, cyclohexane ring, cyclodecane ring, steroid skeleton (e.g., cholestanyl group, cholesteryl group, lanostanyl group, etc.), and the like.
- a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, etc. can be mentioned as a hydrogen group.
- examples of the group "-XJ" include the following structure (S1), and more preferred structures are the following formulas (S1-1) to (S1-5) can be mentioned.
- X 1 is a single bond, -(CH 2 ) a - (a is an integer of 1 to 15), -CONH-, -CO-N(CH 3 )-, -NH- , —O—, —COO—, or —(A 0 ) m0 —((CH 2 ) a1 —A 1 ) m1 — (a1 is an integer of 1 to 15, and A 0 and A 1 are an oxygen atom or — represents COO-, m0 is an integer of 0 or 1, and m1 is an integer of 1 to 2.
- a1 and A1 each independently have the above definition. represents the binding position.).
- G 1 represents a divalent cyclic group selected from a phenylene group and a cyclohexylene group. Any hydrogen atom on the cyclic group is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine atom-containing alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a fluorine atom containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms. It may be substituted with an alkoxy group or a fluorine atom.
- m is an integer of 1-4. When m is 2 or more, multiple X 1 and G 1 each independently have the above definition.
- R 1 is a fluorine atom, a fluorine atom-containing alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a fluorine atom-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or carbon represents an alkoxyalkyl group of numbers 3 to 10;
- X 1 , R 1 and * have the same meanings as X 1 , R 1 and * in formula (S1) above.
- aromatic diamine (d) examples include diamines represented by the following formulas (d-1) and (d-2). More preferred specific examples are the groups of formulas (d-1) to (d-1) to ( diamines represented by d-2), and cholestanyloxy-3,5-diaminobenzene, cholestanyloxy-3,5-diaminobenzene, cholestanyloxy-2,4-diaminobenzene, and 3,5-diaminobenzo diamines having a steroid skeleton such as cholestanyl acid, cholestenyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate, lanostanyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate and 3,6-bis(4-aminobenzoyloxy)cholestane.
- X and J have the same definitions as X and J of the aromatic diamine (d) above, including preferred embodiments. In formula (d-2), two X and J may be the same or different.
- the aromatic diamine (d) is used as the diamine (p), it is preferably 5 to 95 mol%, and 10 to 90 mol% of the total diamine component used for producing the polyamic acid (P). more preferred.
- Tetracarboxylic dianhydrides that can be used in the synthesis of the polyamic acid (P) include acyclic aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, and aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides. At least one compound selected from the group consisting of anhydrides is included.
- the acyclic aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride is an acid dianhydride obtained by intramolecular dehydration of four carboxy groups bonded to a chain hydrocarbon structure.
- An alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride is an acid dianhydride obtained by intramolecular dehydration of four carboxy groups including at least one carboxy group bonded to an alicyclic structure. However, none of these four carboxy groups are bonded to the aromatic ring. Moreover, it is not necessary to consist only of an alicyclic structure, and a part thereof may have a chain hydrocarbon structure or an aromatic ring structure.
- the acyclic aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- An aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride is an acid dianhydride obtained by intramolecular dehydration of four carboxy groups including at least one carboxy group bonded to an aromatic ring.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride that can be used for synthesizing the polyamic acid (P) has at least one partial structure selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring, a cyclobutane ring structure, a cyclopentane ring structure and a cyclohexane ring structure. It is more preferable to contain a tetracarboxylic dianhydride having a tetracarboxylic dianhydride having at least one partial structure selected from the group consisting of a cyclobutane ring structure, a cyclopentane ring structure and a cyclohexane ring structure. preferable.
- the tetracarboxylic acid component that can be used for synthesizing the polyamic acid (P) the following tetracarboxylic dianhydrides (hereinafter collectively referred to as specific tetracarboxylic dianhydrides) are preferred. including.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydrides may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- Acyclic aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides such as 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride; 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2-dimethyl -1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,3-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,3-dichloro-1,2,3 ,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,3-difluoro-1,2,3, 4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetracar
- Preferred examples of the above specific tetracarboxylic acid derivatives include 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2-dimethyl -1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,3-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl- 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,3-difluoro-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1 , 2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3, 3
- the proportion of the specific tetracarboxylic dianhydride used is preferably 10 mol% or more, more preferably 20 mol% or more, and even more preferably 50 mol% or more, relative to 1 mol of the total tetracarboxylic acid component used. .
- Synthesis of polyamic acid is carried out by reacting a diamine component containing the diamine and a tetracarboxylic acid component containing the tetracarboxylic dianhydride or its derivative in an organic solvent.
- the ratio of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine used in the synthetic reaction of the polyamic acid is such that the acid anhydride group of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is 0.5 to 2 per equivalent of the amino group of the diamine.
- a ratio that provides equivalents is preferred, and a ratio that provides 0.8 to 1.2 equivalents is more preferred.
- the reaction temperature in the polyamic acid synthesis reaction is preferably -20 to 150°C, more preferably 0 to 100°C.
- the reaction time is preferably 0.1 to 24 hours, more preferably 0.5 to 12 hours.
- the polyamic acid synthesis reaction can be carried out at any concentration, preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass.
- the initial stage of the reaction may be carried out at a high concentration, and then the solvent may be added.
- organic solvent examples include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, 1,3- Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone can be mentioned.
- methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene Glycol monopropyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, or diethylene glycol monoethyl ether can be used
- a tetracarboxylic acid component containing a tetracarboxylic dianhydride or a derivative thereof, and a diamine component containing the above-mentioned diamine are used together with an appropriate end-blocking agent to end-block polymer. It is good also as synthesize
- the end-blocking polymer has the effect of improving the film hardness of the alignment film obtained by coating and improving the adhesion properties between the sealant and the alignment film.
- the terminal of the polyamic acid in the present invention include an amino group, a carboxyl group, an acid anhydride group, or a group derived from a terminal blocking agent to be described later.
- An amino group, a carboxyl group, and an acid anhydride group can be obtained by a normal condensation reaction, or can be obtained by terminal blocking using the following terminal blocking agents.
- Terminal blockers include, for example, acetic anhydride, maleic anhydride, nadic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride, 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, 3-( 3-trimethoxysilyl)propyl)-3,4-dihydrofuran-2,5-dione, 4,5,6,7-tetrafluoroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione, 4-ethynylphthalic anhydride, etc.
- Acid anhydrides dicarbonic acid diester compounds such as di-tert-butyl dicarbonate and diallyl dicarbonate; chlorocarbonyl compounds such as acryloyl chloride, methacryloyl chloride and nicotinic acid chloride; aniline, 2-aminophenol, 3-aminophenol, 4 -aminosalicylic acid, 5-aminosalicylic acid, 6-aminosalicylic acid, 2-aminobenzoic acid, 3-aminobenzoic acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid, cyclohexylamine, n-butylamine, n-pentylamine, n-hexylamine, n - monoamine compounds such as heptylamine and n-octylamine; ethyl isocyanate, phenyl isocyanate, naphthyl isocyanate, or having unsaturated bonds such as 2-acryloyloxyethyl isocyanate and 2-methacryloy
- the proportion of the end blocking agent used is preferably 0.01 to 20 mol parts, more preferably 0.01 to 10 mol parts, per 100 mol parts in total of the diamine components used.
- the polystyrene equivalent weight average molecular weight (Mw) measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) of polyamic acid is preferably 1,000 to 500,000, more preferably 2,000 to 300,000.
- Mw/Mn molecular weight distribution represented by the ratio of Mw to the polystyrene equivalent number average molecular weight (Mn) measured by GPC is preferably 15 or less, more preferably 10 or less.
- the content of the specific compound which is the component (A) in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferably 1 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 3 to 30 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyamic acid component which is the component (B). Preferably, 5 to 20 parts by mass is more preferable.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent used in the present invention is preferably prepared as a coating liquid so as to be suitable for forming a liquid crystal alignment film. That is, the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferably prepared as a solution in which a resin component for forming a resin film is dissolved in an organic solvent.
- the resin component is the specific compound as component (A) and the polyamic acid as component (B) already described.
- the total content of the specific compound as component (A) and the content of polyamic acid as component (B) is preferably 0.5 to 20% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 20% by mass with respect to the entire liquid crystal aligning agent. 1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 1 to 15% by mass, particularly preferably 1 to 10% by mass.
- the solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the components (A) and (B). 1 type may be sufficient as the solvent contained in a liquid crystal aligning agent, and you may use it in mixture of 2 or more types. Moreover, even if it is not a solvent that dissolves the component (A) or the component (B), it can be used in combination with a solvent that dissolves the component (A) or the component (B). In this case, if the surface energy of the solvent that does not dissolve the component (A) or the component (B) is lower than the solvent that dissolves the component (A) or the component (B), the liquid crystal aligning agent can be applied to the substrate better. It is preferable because it can
- N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidones such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone
- N,N-dimethylformamide such as N,N-dimethylacetamide
- N-methyl- ⁇ -caprolactam tetramethylurea
- 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide 3-ethoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-butoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide
- 1,3-dimethyl- dialkylimidazolidinones such as 2-imidazolidinone
- lactones such as ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone and ⁇ -valerolactone
- carbonates such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate
- -methyl-3-methoxybutanol such as ethyl amyl ketone, methyl nonyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone,
- Y 1 and Y 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and X 1 is an oxygen atom or -COO- , X 2 is a single bond or a carbonyl group, and R 1 is an alkanediyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- n 1 is an integer of 1-3. When n 1 is 2 or 3, multiple R 1s may be the same or different.
- Z 1 is a C 1-6 divalent hydrocarbon group
- Y 3 and Y 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a C 1-6 monovalent hydrocarbon group.
- the monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms for Y 1 and Y 2 includes, for example, a monovalent linear hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a chain hydrocarbon group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, Examples include monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon groups and phenyl groups. Examples of monovalent chain hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms include alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the alkanediyl group of R 1 may be linear or branched.
- examples of the divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms for Z 1 include an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms of Y 3 and Y 4 includes a monovalent linear hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and a monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms. groups and phenyl groups.
- Examples of monovalent chain hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms include alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- solvent represented by formula (Sv-1) examples include ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol-n-propyl ether, ethylene glycol-isopropyl ether, and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (butyl cellosolve).
- the solvent preferably has a boiling point of 80 to 200°C. More preferably, the temperature is 80 to 180° C.
- Preferred solvents include N,N-dimethylformamide, tetramethylurea, 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, propanol, isopropanol, and 3-methyl-3-methoxybutanol.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent used for this invention may contain other components other than the said (A) component, (B) component, and a solvent.
- Such other components include a cross-linking catalyst, a compound that improves film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness when a liquid crystal alignment agent is applied, a compound that improves adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate, and the like. can include, but are not limited to.
- a crosslinking catalyst may be added to the liquid crystal aligning agent used in the present invention for the purpose of promoting the reaction between the thermally crosslinkable group and the carboxyl group.
- Such crosslinking catalysts include p-toluenesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, p-phenolsulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, mesitylenesulfonic acid, p-xylene-2-sulfonic acid, m- xylene-2-sulfonic acid, 4-ethylbenzenesulfonic acid, 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, perfluoro(2-ethoxyethane)sulfonic acid, pentafluoroethanesulfonic acid, nonafluorobutane-1- Examples include sulfonic acid, sulfonic acid such as
- Examples of compounds that generate acids by heat include bis(tosyloxy)ethane, bis(tosyloxy)propane, bis(tosyloxy)butane, p-nitrobenzyltosylate, o-nitrobenzyltosylate, 1,2,3- Phenylene tris (methylsulfonate), p-toluenesulfonic acid pyridinium salt, p-toluenesulfonic acid morphonium salt, p-toluenesulfonic acid ethyl ester, p-toluenesulfonic acid propyl ester, p-toluenesulfonic acid butyl ester, p- toluenesulfonic acid isobutyl ester, p-toluenesulfonic acid methyl ester, p-toluenesulfonic acid phenethyl ester, cyanomethyl p-to
- Compounds that improve film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness include fluorine-based surfactants, silicone-based surfactants, nonionic surfactants, and the like.
- Ftop registered trademark
- EF303 EF352
- Megaface registered trademark
- F171, F173, R-30 manufactured by DIC
- Florard FC430, FC431 manufactured by 3M
- Asahiguard registered trademark
- AG710 manufactured by AGC
- Surflon registered trademark
- SC101, SC102, SC103, SC104, SC105, SC106 manufactured by AGC Seimi Chemical
- the proportion of these surfactants used is preferably 0.01 to 2 parts by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 1 part by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin component contained in the polymer
- Specific examples of the compound that improves the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate include the following functional silane-containing compounds.
- the amount used is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the resin component contained in the polymer composition. is 1 to 20 parts by mass.
- a photosensitizer can also be used as an additive to improve the photoreactivity of the photoorientable group.
- Specific examples include aromatic 2-hydroxyketone (benzophenone), coumarin, ketocoumarin, carbonylbiscoumarin, acetophenone, anthraquinone, xanthone, thioxanthone, and acetophenone ketal.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can be coated on a substrate, baked, and then subjected to alignment treatment such as rubbing treatment or light irradiation, or can be used as a liquid crystal alignment film without alignment treatment for some vertical alignment applications. can.
- Substrates include glass such as float glass and soda glass; polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, poly(alicyclic olefin), polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyether ether
- a transparent substrate made of plastic such as ketone (PEEK) resin film, polysulfone (PSF), polyethersulfone (PES), polyamide, polyimide, acrylic, and triacetylcellulose can be used.
- Examples of the transparent conductive film provided on one surface of the substrate include an NESA film (registered trademark of PPG, USA) made of tin oxide (SnO 2 ), an ITO film made of indium oxide-tin oxide (In 2 O 3 —SnO 2 ), and the like. can be used.
- NESA film registered trademark of PPG, USA
- ITO film made of indium oxide-tin oxide (In 2 O 3 —SnO 2 ), and the like.
- the method of applying the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is not particularly limited. good.
- the solvent can be evaporated by heating means such as a hot plate to form a coating film.
- the coating film of the liquid crystal aligning agent formed in this coating film forming step the component (A) is unevenly distributed on the film surface due to the hydrophobicity of the photo-aligning group, so the content of the component (A) is reduced. However, it exhibits good liquid crystal orientation.
- Baking after applying the liquid crystal aligning agent can be performed at any temperature of 40 to 300.degree. C., preferably 40 to 250.degree. C., more preferably 40 to 230.degree.
- the heat crosslinkable group of the specific compound (A) reacts with the carboxyl group of the polyamic acid (B) to fix the orienting group.
- the film thickness of the coating film formed on the substrate is preferably 5 to 1,000 nm, more preferably 10 to 500 nm or 10 to 300 nm.
- This baking can be performed using a hot plate, a hot air circulating furnace, an infrared furnace, or the like.
- alignment treatment may be performed by light irradiation, for example, a step of applying the above liquid crystal alignment agent on a substrate to form a coating film, and the coating film is not in contact with the liquid crystal layer or and irradiating the coating film with light while in contact with the liquid crystal layer.
- Examples of the light to be irradiated in the alignment treatment by light irradiation include ultraviolet rays including light with a wavelength of 150 to 800 nm, visible rays, and the like. Among these, ultraviolet light containing light with a wavelength of 300 to 400 nm is preferred.
- the illuminating light may be polarized or unpolarized. As polarized light, it is preferable to use light including linearly polarized light.
- the light irradiation may be performed in a direction perpendicular to or oblique to the substrate surface, or in combination thereof.
- the irradiation amount of light is preferably 0.1 mJ/cm 2 or more and less than 1,000 mJ/cm 2 , more preferably 1 to 500 mJ/cm 2 , and further preferably 2 to 200 mJ/cm 2 . preferable.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention can be produced by a normal method, and the production method is not particularly limited. It is preferable that the pair of substrates are opposed to each other with an appropriate gap therebetween, and a spacer is arranged between the substrates for the purpose of making the thickness of the liquid crystal sandwiched between the substrates uniform.
- a spacer known spacer materials such as a conventional spray-type spacer and a spacer formed from a photosensitive spacer-forming composition can be used. It can also be used as a spacer.
- ⁇ Liquid crystal clamping process> There are, for example, the following two methods for forming a liquid crystal cell by sandwiching liquid crystal between substrates.
- a pair of substrates are arranged facing each other with a gap (cell gap) interposed therebetween so that the liquid crystal alignment films face each other, and the peripheral portions of the pair of substrates are bonded together using a sealing agent.
- a liquid crystal cell can be produced by injecting and filling a liquid crystal into a cell gap partitioned by an appropriate sealant and then sealing the injection hole.
- an ultraviolet light-curable sealant is applied to a predetermined location on one of the two substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed, and several predetermined locations on the surface of the liquid crystal alignment film are coated. After dropping the liquid crystal on the substrate, the other substrate is attached so that the liquid crystal alignment film faces the other substrate, and the liquid crystal is spread over the entire surface of the substrate.
- ODF One Drop Fill
- the liquid crystal may be a fluorine-based liquid crystal or a cyano-based liquid crystal having positive or negative dielectric anisotropy depending on the application, or a liquid crystal compound or liquid crystal composition ( hereinafter, also referred to as a polymerizable liquid crystal or a curable liquid crystal composition) may be used.
- the step of forming a coating film of the liquid crystal aligning agent may be performed by a roll-to-roll method. When the roll-to-roll method is used, the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display element can be simplified and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
- a liquid crystal display element can be obtained by attaching polarizing plates to both outer surfaces of the liquid crystal cell.
- the polarizing plate used outside the liquid crystal cell is composed of a polarizing film called "H film", which is made by stretching and aligning polyvinyl alcohol while absorbing iodine, sandwiched between cellulose acetate protective films, or the H film itself.
- a polarizing plate and the like can be mentioned.
- the liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention as described above has good liquid crystal alignment, excellent pretilt angle expression ability, and high reliability. Also, the liquid crystal display device manufactured by the method of the present invention has excellent display characteristics.
- EP1 to EP10 Compounds represented by the following formulas [EP1] to [EP10], respectively.
- EP1 was synthesized by the method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-133825.
- EP2 to EP10 are novel compounds that have not been published in literature, etc., and their synthesis methods will be described in detail in Specific Compound Synthesis Examples 1 to 9 below.
- FT-NMR Fourier transform superconducting nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus
- AVANCE III manufactured by BRUKER 500 MHz.
- Solvents deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d 6 ), deuterated chloroform (CDCl 3 )
- Reference material tetramethylsilane (TMS).
- reaction solution was poured into AcOEt (400 g), and the organic layer was washed with 1N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution (400 g) and pure water (800 g) and concentrated. MeCN (150 g) was added to the obtained crude product, and the mixture was repulp washed at 0° C. to obtain [EP10-1] (7.2 g, 19.5 mmol, yield: 65%).
- Examples 2 to 40 As shown in Table 2-1, in the same manner as in Example 1 except that (PAA-2) to (PAA-40) were used instead of the polyamic acid solution (PAA-1), Liquid crystal aligning agents (AL-2) to (AL-40) were obtained.
- Example 41-44 As shown in Table 2-1, the liquid crystal aligning agent (AL-41 ) to (AL-44) were obtained.
- Example 45-57 As shown in Table 2-2, the liquid crystal aligning agents (AL-45) to (AL- 57) was obtained.
- Liquid crystal alignment agents obtained in Examples (AL-1), (AL-2), (AL-10), (AL-34), (AL-42), (AL-43), (AL-48) , and the liquid crystal aligning agents (AL-R1) to (AL-R6) obtained in Comparative Examples were filtered under pressure through a membrane filter having a pore size of 1 ⁇ m.
- the resulting solution was spin-coated on the ITO surface of a glass substrate with a transparent electrode made of an ITO film, dried on a hot plate at 70° C. for 90 seconds, and then baked on a hot plate at 200° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a film thickness of 100 nm.
- a liquid crystal alignment film was formed.
- the coating film surface was irradiated with 50 mJ/cm 2 of linearly polarized ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 313 nm and an irradiation intensity of 4.3 mW/cm 2 from an angle inclined by 40° from the normal direction of the substrate.
- a substrate with Linearly polarized ultraviolet light was prepared by passing ultraviolet light from a high-pressure mercury lamp through a band-pass filter with a wavelength of 313 nm and then passing it through a polarizing plate with a wavelength of 313 nm.
- Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 Compared with the liquid crystal aligning agent using a polyamic acid ester obtained by reacting a photoreactive monomer with a polyamic acid, the liquid crystal used as an additive without reacting the photoreactive monomer
- the alignment agent had a high vertical alignment property without the occurrence of bright spots and poor alignment.
- Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, Example 10 and Comparative Example 3, Example 34 and Comparative Example 4, Example 43 and Comparative Example 5, and Example 48 and Comparison with Example 6.
- liquid crystal aligning agents (AL-48), (AL-51), (AL-56) and (AL-57) obtained in Examples were pressure-filtered through a membrane filter having a pore size of 1 ⁇ m.
- the resulting solution was spin-coated on the ITO surface of a glass substrate with a transparent electrode made of an ITO film, dried on a hot plate at 70° C. for 90 seconds, and then baked on a hot plate at 200° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a film thickness of 100 nm. After forming the liquid crystal alignment film, it was exposed to the atmosphere for 5 days.
- the coating film surface was irradiated with 50 mJ/cm 2 of linearly polarized ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 313 nm and an irradiation intensity of 4.3 mW/cm 2 from an angle inclined by 40° from the normal direction of the substrate.
- a substrate with Linearly polarized ultraviolet light was prepared by passing ultraviolet light from a high-pressure mercury lamp through a band-pass filter with a wavelength of 313 nm and then passing it through a polarizing plate with a wavelength of 313 nm.
- Example 48 is compared with Example 51, Example 56, and Example 57.
- liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention and the liquid crystal display element using the liquid crystal alignment film obtained therefrom can be suitably used as a liquid crystal display element.
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Abstract
Description
また、基板面に対して液晶を平行配向又は傾斜配向させる場合は、成膜した後、更にラビングによる表面延伸処理が行われている。
<X> (A)成分として下記式(pa-1)で表される光配向性基と熱架橋性基とを有し、当該熱架橋性基はカルボキシ基と反応して共有結合を形成しうる基である化合物、(B)成分としてポリアミック酸、及び溶媒を含有する液晶配向剤。
「C」と「A」との間、及び「C」と「X」との間の「波線」はE体であってもZ体であってもよいことを意味する。なお、本明細書において「波線」は上記と同じ意味である。
また、本発明の方法によって製造された液晶表示素子は優れた表示特性を有する。
また、(A)成分である化合物は、光配向性基が疎水性であるため、液晶配向剤を基板に塗布した際に、(B)成分であるポリアミック酸が基板側に、(A)成分である化合物が表層側に集まる。これにより、本発明の液晶配向剤を用いて得られる塗膜は、光配向性基が表層に集中することになるため、(A)成分である化合物の含有量を少なくしても、良好な配向性が得られる。また、(A)成分の該熱架橋性基はカルボキシ基と反応して共有結合を形成しうる基であることによって、液晶配向剤の焼成時間が短い場合でも(A)成分である化合物と(B)成分との架橋反応が可能となる。これにより、光配向性部位が光反応により異方性を発現した際に、液晶配向膜に異方性が残存(メモリー)しやすくなるため、液晶配向性を高め、且つ液晶のプレチルト角を発現することが可能となる。
以下、本発明の各構成要件、につき詳述する。
本発明の液晶配向剤の(A)成分である特定化合物は、式(pa-1)で表される光配向性基と熱架橋性基とを有し、当該熱架橋性基はカルボキシ基と反応して共有結合を形成しうる基である化合物である。このような特定化合物は、好ましくは、例えば式(a-1)で表される化合物である。
Saは、例えば下記式(Sp)の構造で表すことができる。
W1の左の結合はMaへの結合を表し、
W3の右の結合はIaへの結合を表し、
W1、W2及びW3は、それぞれ独立して、単結合、2価の複素環、-(CH2)n-(式中、nは1~20を表す)、-OCH2-、-CH2O-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CH=CH-、-CF=CF-、-CF2O-、-OCF2-、-CF2CF2-又は-C≡C-を表すが、これらの置換基において非隣接のCH2基の一つ以上は独立して、-O-、-CO-、-CO-O-、-O-CO-、-Si(CH3)2-O-Si(CH3)2―、-NR-、-NR-CO-、-CO-NR-、-NR-CO-O-、-OCO-NR-、-NR-CO-NR-、-CH=CH-、-C≡C-又は-O-CO-O-(式中、Rは独立して水素原子又は炭素数1~5の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキル基を表す)で置換することができ、
A1及びA2は、それぞれ独立して、単結合、アルキレン基、2価の芳香族基、2価の脂環式基、又は2価の複素環式基から選ばれる基であり、それぞれの基は無置換であるか又は一個以上の水素原子がフッ素原子、塩素原子、シアノ基、メチル基又はメトキシ基によって置換されていても良い。
Zは酸素原子、または硫黄原子である。
Xa及びXbは、それぞれ独立して水素原子、フッ素原子、塩素原子、シアノ基又は炭素数1~3のアルキル基であり、このアルキル基の水素原子の一部または全部はフッ素原子により置換されていてもよい。
R1は単結合、酸素原子、-COO-または-OCO-である。
R2は2価の芳香族基、2価の脂環式基、又は2価の複素環式基である。
R3は単結合、酸素原子、-COO-または-OCO-である。
R4は炭素数1~40の直鎖あるいは分岐鎖のアルキル基、または脂環式基を含む炭素数3~40の1価の有機基であり、このアルキル基の水素原子の一部または全部はフッ素原子により置換されていてもよい。
R5は炭素数1~3のアルキル基、炭素数1~3のアルコキシ基、フッ素原子またはシアノ基であり、好ましくはメチル基、メトキシ基又はフッ素原子である。
aは0~3の整数であり、bは0~4の整数である。
Saの2価の芳香族基として、例えば1,4-フェニレン基、2-フルオロ-1,4-フェニレン基、3-フルオロ-1,4-フェニレン基、2,3,5,6-テトラフルオロ-1,4-フェニレン基等を挙げることができる。
Saの2価の複素環式基として、例えばピリジン-2,6-ジイル基、ピリジン-3,5-ジイル基、フラン-2,5-ジイル基、ピペラジン-1,4-ジイル基、ピペリジン-1,4-ジイル基等を挙げることができる。
Saは、炭素数1~8のアルキレン基であることが好ましく、より好ましくは炭素数1~6のアルキレン基であり、さらに好ましくは炭素数1~4のアルキレン基であるのがよい。
上記式(a-1)中、スペーサーであるSaとしては、-CH2-が好ましい。
R2の2価の脂環式基として、例えばトランス-1,4-シクロヘキシレン、トランス-トランス-1,4-ビシクロヘキシレン等を挙げることができる。
R2の2価の複素環式基として、例えばピリジン-2,6-ジイル基、ピリジン-3,5-ジイル基、フラン-2,5-ジイル基、ピペラジン-1,4-ジイル基、ピペリジン-1,4-ジイル基等を挙げることができる。
R2は、1,4-フェニレン基、トランス-1,4-シクロヘキシレン基、及びトランス-トランス-1,4-ビシクロヘキシレン基が好ましい。
(A)成分である特定化合物は、公知の反応を組み合わせることで製造することができ、具体的には、後述の「特定化合物合成例」に記載の方法や、それに準じた方法にて製造することができる。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、(B)成分としてポリアミック酸(P)を含有する。
上記ポリアミック酸(P)は、ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸二無水物を含むテトラカルボン酸成分との重合反応により得ることができる。なお、(B)成分であるポリアミック酸(P)は、(A)成分に含まれる熱架橋性基と反応するカルボキシ基が残存していればよく、部分的にイミド化されていたりエステル化されていたりしてもよい。
上記ポリアミック酸(P)の製造に用いられるジアミン成分は、目的に応じて、種々のジアミンを用いることができる。なお、ポリアミック酸(P)の製造に用いられるジアミンは、一種を単独で用いてもよく、二種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。ポリアミック酸(P)の製造に用いられるジアミン(以下、ジアミン(p)ともいう。)の好ましい具体例として、以下のジアミンが挙げられる。
き換わる保護基を表し、好ましくはtert-ブトキシカルボニル基である。)を有するジアミン、1-ドデカノキシ-2,4-ジアミノベンゼン、1-テトラデカノキシ-2,4-ジアミノベンゼン、1-ペンタデカノキシ-2,4-ジアミノベンゼン、1-ヘキサデカノキシ-2,4-ジアミノベンゼン、1-オクタデカノキシ-2,4-ジアミノベンゼン、1-ドデカノキシ-2,5-ジアミノベンゼン、1-テトラデカノキシ-2,5-ジアミノベンゼン、1-ペンタデカノキシ-2,5-ジアミノベンゼン、1-ヘキサデカノキシ-2,5-ジアミノベンゼン、1-オクタデカノキシ-2,5-ジアミノベンゼンに代表される炭素数12~20の長鎖アルキル基を有する芳香族ジアミン(tn);1,3-ビス(3-アミノプロピル)-テトラメチルジシロキサン、1,3-ビス[3-(p-アミノフェニルカルバモイル)プロピル]テトラメチルジシロキサン等のシロキサン結合を有するジアミン;メタキシリレンジアミン、1,3-プロパンジアミン、テトラメチレンジアミン、ペンタメチレンジアミン、ヘキサメチレンジアミン、1,3-ビス(アミノメチル)シクロヘキサン、1,4-ジアミノシクロヘキサン、4,4’-メチレンビス(シクロヘキシルアミン)、国際公開第2018/117239号に記載の式(Y-1)~(Y-167)のいずれかで表される基に2つのアミノ基が結合したジアミン等。
Jは、炭素数4~40の脂環式炭化水素基及び炭素数6~40の芳香族炭化水素基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の基を有する1価の有機基を表す。但し、上記脂環式炭化水素基及び芳香族炭化水素基が有する水素原子の少なくとも一つは、ハロゲン原子、ハロゲン原子含有アルキル基、ハロゲン原子含有アルコキシ基、炭素数3~10のアルキル基、炭素数3~10のアルコキシ基、炭素数3~10のアルケニル基のいずれかである置換基(v)によって置換されている。更にこれらの置換基(v)(但し、ハロゲン原子を除く。)における任意の炭素-炭素単結合は-O-で中断されていても良い。尚、Jは、上記の脂環式炭化水素基及び芳香族炭化水素基以外に、非置換又は上記した置換基(v)以外の置換基で置換されている脂環式炭化水素基及び芳香族炭化水素基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の基をさらに有してもよい。
ハロゲン原子含有アルコキシ基としては、例えば、炭素数1~10のハロゲン原子含有アルコキシ基が挙げられる。
G1は、フェニレン基、及びシクロヘキシレン基から選ばれる2価の環状基を表す。前記環状基上の任意の水素原子は、炭素数1~3のアルキル基、炭素数1~3のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~3のフッ素原子含有アルキル基、炭素数1~3のフッ素原子含有アルコキシ基又はフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい。
mは、1~4の整数である。mが2以上の場合、複数のX1、G1は、それぞれ独立して上記定義を有する。
R1はフッ素原子、炭素数1~10のフッ素原子含有アルキル基、炭素数1~10のフッ素原子含有アルコキシ基、炭素数3~10のアルキル基、炭素数3~10のアルコキシ基、又は炭素数3~10のアルコキシアルキル基を表す。
なお、式(S1-1)~(S1-5)において、X1、R1、*は、上記式(S1)のX1、R1、*と同義である。
X、Jは、上記芳香族ジアミン(d)のX、Jと好ましい態様を含めて同義である。式(d-2)において、2個のX、Jは、互いに同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
上記ポリアミック酸(P)の合成に用いることができるテトラカルボン酸二無水物は、非環式脂肪族テトラカルボン酸二無水物、脂環式テトラカルボン酸二無水物、及び芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物が挙げられる。
ここで、非環式脂肪族テトラカルボン酸二無水物は、鎖状炭化水素構造に結合する4つのカルボキシ基が分子内脱水することにより得られる酸二無水物である。但し、鎖状炭化水素構造のみで構成されている必要はなく、その一部に脂環式構造や芳香環構造を有していてもよい。
脂環式テトラカルボン酸二無水物は、脂環式構造に結合する少なくとも1つのカルボキシ基を含めて4つのカルボキシ基が分子内脱水することにより得られる酸二無水物である。但し、これら4つのカルボキシ基はいずれも芳香環には結合していない。また、脂環式構造のみで構成されている必要はなく、その一部に鎖状炭化水素構造や芳香環構造を有していてもよい。上記非環式脂肪族テトラカルボン酸二無水物及び脂環式テトラカルボン酸二無水物は、一種を単独で用いてもよく、二種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物は、芳香環に結合する少なくとも1つのカルボキシ基を含めて4つのカルボキシ基が分子内脱水することにより得られる酸二無水物である。
ポリアミック酸(P)の合成に用いることのできるテトラカルボン酸成分としては、好ましくは、以下のテトラカルボン酸二無水物(以下、これらを総称して特定のテトラカルボン酸二無水物ともいう。)を含む。
尚、上記テトラカルボン酸二無水物は、一種を単独で用いてもよく、二種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
ポリアミック酸の合成は、上記ジアミンを含むジアミン成分と、上記テトラカルボン酸二無水物またはその誘導体を含むテトラカルボン酸成分とを有機溶媒中で反応させることにより行われる。ポリアミック酸の合成反応に供されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミンとの使用割合は、ジアミンのアミノ基1当量に対して、テトラカルボン酸二無水物の酸無水物基が0.5~2当量となる割合が好ましく、さらに好ましくは0.8~1.2当量となる割合である。通常の重縮合反応と同様に、このテトラカルボン酸二無水物の酸無水物基の当量が1当量に近いほど、生成するポリアミック酸の分子量は大きくなる。
ポリアミック酸の合成反応における反応温度は-20~150℃が好ましく、0~100℃がより好ましい。また、反応時間は0.1~24時間が好ましく、0.5~12時間がより好ましい。
ポリアミック酸の合成反応は任意の濃度で行うことができるが、好ましくは1~50質量%、より好ましくは5~30質量%である。反応初期は高濃度で行い、その後、溶媒を追加することもできる。
本発明におけるポリアミック酸を合成するに際して、テトラカルボン酸二無水物またはその誘導体を含むテトラカルボン酸成分、及び上記ジアミンを含むジアミン成分とともに、適当な末端封止剤を用いて末端封止型の重合体を合成することとしてもよい。末端封止型の重合体は、塗膜によって得られる配向膜の膜硬度の向上や、シール剤と配向膜の密着特性の向上という効果を有する。
本発明におけるポリアミック酸の末端の例としては、アミノ基、カルボキシ基、酸無水物基又は後述する末端封止剤に由来する基が挙げられる。アミノ基、カルボキシ基、酸無水物基は通常の縮合反応により得るか、又は以下の末端封止剤を用いて末端を封止することにより得ることができる。
本発明に用いられる液晶配向剤は、液晶配向膜の形成に好適となるように塗布液として調製されることが好ましい。すなわち、本発明の液晶配向剤は、樹脂被膜を形成するための樹脂成分が有機溶媒に溶解した溶液として調製されることが好ましい。ここで、その樹脂成分とは、既に説明した(A)成分である特定化合物および(B)成分であるポリアミック酸である。その際、(A)成分の特定化合物の含有量と(B)成分であるポリアミック酸の含有量との合計は、液晶配向剤全体に対して0.5~20質量%が好ましく、より好ましくは1~20質量%、さらに好ましくは1~15質量%、特に好ましくは1~10質量%である。
本発明に用いられる液晶配向剤に含有する溶媒は、(A)成分及び(B)成分を溶解させる溶媒であれば特に限定されない。液晶配向剤に含有する溶媒は1種でも良く、2種類以上混合して使用しても良い。また、(A)成分や(B)成分を溶解させる溶媒でなくとも、(A)成分や(B)成分を溶解させる溶媒と併用することができる。この場合、(A)成分や(B)成分を溶解させない溶媒の表面エネルギーが(A)成分や(B)成分を溶解させる溶媒よりも低いと、液晶配向剤の基板への塗布性を良くすることができるため好ましい。
Y3及びY4の炭素数1~6の1価の炭化水素基としては、炭素数1~6の1価の鎖状炭化水素基、炭素数3~6の1価の脂環式炭化水素基及びフェニル基などが挙げられる。炭素数1~6の1価の鎖状炭化水素基としては炭素数1~6のアルキル基などが挙げられる。
(Sv-2)で表される溶媒の具体例としては、例えばグリコール酸メチル、グリコール酸エチル、グリコール酸ブチル、乳酸エチル、乳酸ブチル、乳酸イソアミル、エチル-3-エトキシプロピオネート、メチル-3-メトキシプロピオネート、3-メトキシプロピオン酸エチル、3-エトキシプロピオン酸、3-メトキシプロピオン酸、3-メトキシプロピオン酸プロピル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸ブチルなどをそれぞれ挙げることができる。
沸点がこの範囲であることは、特に、前記溶媒を含む液晶配向剤が後述するプラスチック基板上に塗布される場合に好ましい。
本発明に用いられる液晶配向剤は、上記(A)成分、(B)成分及び溶媒以外の他の成分を含有してもよい。このような他の成分としては、架橋触媒や、液晶配向剤を塗布した際の、膜厚均一性や表面平滑性を向上させる化合物、液晶配向膜と基板との密着性を向上させる化合物、等を挙げることができるが、これに限定されない。
本発明に用いられる液晶配向剤に、熱架橋性基とカルボキシ基との反応を促進させる目的で、架橋触媒を添加してもよい。このような架橋触媒としては、p-トルエンスルホン酸、カンファスルホン酸、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸、p-フェノールスルホン酸、2-ナフタレンスルホン酸、メシチレンスルホン酸、p-キシレン-2-スルホン酸、m-キシレン-2-スルホン酸、4-エチルベンゼンスルホン酸、1H,1H,2H,2H-パーフルオロオクタンスルホン酸、パーフルオロ(2-エトキシエタン)スルホン酸、ペンタフルオロエタンスルホン酸、ノナフルオロブタン-1-スルホン酸、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸等のスルホン酸またはその水和物や塩等が挙げられる。熱により酸を発生する化合物としては、例えば、ビス(トシルオキシ)エタン、ビス(トシルオキシ)プロパン、ビス(トシルオキシ)ブタン、p-ニトロベンジルトシレート、o-ニトロベンジルトシレート、1,2,3-フェニレントリス(メチルスルホネート)、p-トルエンスルホン酸ピリジニウム塩、p-トルエンスルホン酸モルフォニウム塩、p-トルエンスルホン酸エチルエステル、p-トルエンスルホン酸プロピルエステル、p-トルエンスルホン酸ブチルエステル、p-トルエンスルホン酸イソブチルエステル、p-トルエンスルホン酸メチルエステル、p-トルエンスルホン酸フェネチルエステル、シアノメチルp-トルエンスルホネート、2,2,2-トリフルオロエチルp-トルエンスルホネート、2-ヒドロキシブチルp-トルエンスルホネート、N-エチル-p-トルエンスルホンアミド等が挙げられる。
膜厚の均一性や表面平滑性を向上させる化合物としては、フッ素系界面活性剤、シリコーン系界面活性剤およびノ二オン系界面活性剤等が挙げられる。
具体的には、例えば、エフトップ(登録商標)301、EF303、EF352(三菱マテリアル電子化成社製)、メガファック(登録商標)F171、F173、R-30(DIC社製)、フロラードFC430、FC431(スリーエム社製)、アサヒガード(登録商標)AG710(AGC社製)、サーフロン(登録商標)S-382、SC101、SC102、SC103、SC104、SC105、SC106(AGCセイミケミカル社製)等が挙げられる。
これらの界面活性剤の使用割合は、重合体組成物に含有される樹脂成分の100質量部に対して、好ましくは0.01~2質量部、より好ましくは0.01~1質量部である。
液晶配向膜と基板との密着性を向上させる化合物の具体例としては、次に示す官能性シラン含有化合物などが挙げられる。
例えば、3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、2-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、2-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-(2-アミノエチル)-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-(2-アミノエチル)-3-アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、3-ウレイドプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-ウレイドプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-エトキシカルボニル-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-エトキシカルボニル-3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-3-トリエトキシシリルプロピルトリエチレンテトラミン、N-3-トリメトキシシリルプロピルトリエチレンテトラミン、10-トリメトキシシリル-1,4,7-トリアザデカン、10-トリエトキシシリル-1,4,7-トリアザデカン、9-トリメトキシシリル-3,6-ジアザノニルアセテート、9-トリエトキシシリル-3,6-ジアザノニルアセテート、N-ベンジル-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-ベンジル-3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-フェニル-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-フェニル-3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン等のアミノ系シラン含有化合物が挙げられる。
基板との密着性を向上させる化合物を使用する場合、その使用量は、重合体組成物に含有される樹脂成分100質量部に対して0.1~30質量部であることが好ましく、より好ましくは1~20質量部である。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、基板上に塗布、焼成した後、ラビング処理や光照射などで配向処理をして、又は一部の垂直配向用途などでは配向処理無しで液晶配向膜とすることができる。基板としては、例えばフロートガラス、ソーダガラスなどのガラス;ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリカーボネート、ポリ(脂環式オレフィン)、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(PEEK)樹脂フィルム、ポリサルホン(PSF)、ポリエーテルサルホン(PES)、ポリアミド、ポリイミド、アクリル及びトリアセチルセルロースなどのプラスチックからなる透明基板を用いることができる。
基板の一面に設けられる透明導電膜としては、酸化スズ(SnO2)からなるNESA膜(米国PPG社登録商標)、酸化インジウム-酸化スズ(In2O3-SnO2)からなるITO膜などを用いることができる。
本発明の液晶配向剤の塗布方法は特に限定されないが、スクリーン印刷、フレキソ印刷、オフセット印刷、インクジェット、ディップコーティング、ロールコーティング、スリットコーティング、スピンコーティングなどがあり、目的に応じてこれらを用いてもよい。これらの方法により基板上に塗布した後、ホットプレートなどの加熱手段により溶媒を蒸発させて、塗膜を形成させることができる。なお、この塗膜形成工程にて形成された液晶配向剤の塗膜は、(A)成分が、光配向性基の疎水性により膜表面に偏在するため、(A)成分の含有量を少なくしても、良好な液晶配向性を示す。
基板上に形成される塗膜の膜厚は、好ましくは5~1,000nmであり、より好ましくは10~500nm又は10~300nmである。この焼成はホットプレート、熱風循環炉、赤外線炉などで行うことができる。
ある実施形態において光照射による配向処理を行ってもよく、例えば上記の液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布して塗膜を形成する工程と、前記塗膜が液晶層と接触していない状態で又は液晶層と接触した状態で前記塗膜に光照射する工程とを含んでもよい。
光の照射量は、0.1mJ/cm2以上1,000mJ/cm2未満とすることが好ましく、1~500mJ/cm2とすることがより好ましく、2~200mJ/cm2とすることがさらに好ましい。
基板間に液晶を挟持して液晶セルを構成するには、例えば以下の2つの方法を挙げることができる。第1の方法として、各液晶配向膜が対向するように間隙(セルギャップ)を介して一対の基板を対向配置し、該一対の基板の周辺部をシール剤を用いて貼り合わせ、基板表面および適当なシール剤により区画されたセルギャップ内に液晶を注入充填した後、注入孔を封止することにより、液晶セルを製造する方法を挙げることができる。
ある実施形態において、前記液晶配向剤の塗膜を形成する工程が、ロール・ツー・ロール方式によって行われてもよい。ロール・ツー・ロール方式によって行われると、液晶表示素子の製造工程を簡略化し、製造コストを削減することが可能となる。
そして、前記液晶セルの外側両面に偏光板を貼付することにより、液晶表示素子を得ることができる。
上記のようにして本発明の液晶配向剤から得られる液晶配向膜は、液晶配向性が良好であり、プレチルト角発現能にも優れ、且つ高い信頼性が得られる。また、本発明の方法によって製造された液晶表示素子は優れた表示特性を有する。
(特定化合物)
EP1~EP10:それぞれ、下記式[EP1]~[EP10]で表される化合物。
A1~A9:それぞれ、下記式[A1]~[A9]で表される化合物
B1~B8:それぞれ、下記式[B1]~[B8]で表される化合物(上記芳香族ジアミン(d)に該当)
C1~C25:それぞれ、下記式[C1]~[C25]で表される化合物(式中、Bocはtert-ブトキシカルボニル基を表す。)
(溶媒)
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
BCS:ブチルセロソルブ
THF:テトラヒドロフラン
DMAc:N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド
DMF:N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド
DMSO:ジメチルスルホキシド
AcOEt:酢酸エチル
MeCN:アセトニトリル
PhMe:トルエン
Heptane:ヘプタン
CHCl3:クロロホルム
CH2Cl2:塩化メチレン
EP1は、日本特開2011-133825号公報に記載の手法にて合成した。EP2~EP10は、文献等未公開の新規化合物であり、下記特定化合物合成例1~9でその合成法を詳述する。
<1H-NMRの測定>
装置:フーリエ変換型超伝導核磁気共鳴装置(FT-NMR)「AVANCE III」(BRUKER社製)500MHz。
溶媒:重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6)、重水素化クロロホルム(CDCl3)
標準物質:テトラメチルシラン(TMS)。
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm)=7.71(s,1H),7.34-7.36(d,2H),7.23-7.26(m,2H),4.53-4.56(m,1H),4.04-4.08(m,1H),3.30-3.32(m,1H),2.88-2.90(m,1H),2.70-2.71(m,1H),2.46-2.51(m,1H),2.15(s,3H),1.87-1.91(m,4H),1.42-1.49(m,2H),1.22-1.33(m,9H),1.02-1.10(m,2H),0.88-0.91(t,3H)
1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ(ppm)=7.63-7.67(m,3H),7.27-7.29(d,2H),6.58-6.61(d,1H),5.10-5.11(m,1H),4.59-4.63(t,1H),4.44-4.47(m,1H),4.33-4.39(m,2H),2.50(s,1H),1.78-1.83(m,4H),1.40-1.48(m,2H),1.18-1.31(m,9H),1.00-1.07(m,2H),0.86-0.88(t,3H)
1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ(ppm)=8.08-8.10(d,2H),7.84-7.86(d,2H),7.72-7.75(d,1H),7.33-7.35(d,2H),7.14-7.15(d,2H),6.69-6.73(d,1H),4.51-4.55(m,1H),4.16-4.19(t,2H),3.95-3.99(m,1H),3.27-3.31(m,1H),2.82-2.84(m,1H),2.70-2.71(m,1H),2.41-2.50(m,2H),1.96-2.02(m,2H)
1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ(ppm)=7.65-7.68(m,3H),7.30-7.32(d,2H),6.61-6.65(d,1H),4.74-4.78(m,1H),4.49-4.52(m,1H),3.93-3.96(m,1H),3.25-3.28(m,1H),2.81-2.83(t,1H),2.68-2.70(m,1H),2.50-2.57(m,5H),2.00-2.02(d,2H),1.82-1.84(d,2H),1.57-1.64(m,2H),1.45-1.53(m,2H)
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm)=7.69-7.73(d,1H),7.45-7.46(d,2H),7.22-7.26(m,2H),6.41-6.44(d,1H),4.52-4.55(m,1H),4.03-4.07(m,1H),3.28-3.30(m,1H),2.87-2.89(t,1H),2.69-2.71(m,1H),2.44-2.49(t,1H),1.90-1.92(d,2H),1.84-1.86(d,2H),1.73-1.78(t,4H),1.41-1.43(m,2H),1.24-1.31(m,6H),1.15-1.17(m,6H),0.96-1.07(m,3H),0.83-0.90(m,5H)
1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ(ppm)=7.51-7.53(d,2H),7.26-7.27(d,2H),6.19-6.20(s,1H),4.44-4.47(m,1H),3.88-3.92(m,1H),3.23-3.26(m,1H),2.80-2.81(t,1H),2.67-2.68(m,1H),2.47-2.51(m,4H),1.78-1.83(t,4H),1.40-1.48(m,2H),1.18-1.31(m,9H),1.00-1.07(m,2H),0.86-0.89(t,3H)
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm)=7.41-7.43(d,2H),7.21-7.22(d,2H),6.18(s,1H),4.45-4.48(m,1H),4.00-4.04(m,1H),3.26-3.28(m,1H),2.86-2.88(t,1H),2.69-2.70(m,1H),2.58(s,3H)2.44-2.49(t,1H),1.90-1.93(d,2H),1.84-1.86(d,2H),1.73-1.78(t,4H),1.42-1.44(m,2H),1.25-1.29(m,6H),1.15-1.23(m,6H),0.99-1.08(m,3H),0.83-0.90(m,5H)
1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ(ppm)=8.39(s,1H),8.00-8.02(d,2H),7.46-7.47(d,2H),4.64-4.67(d,1H),4.07-4.11(m,1H),3.30-3.32(m,1H),2.84-2.86(m,1H),2.74-2.75(m,1H),2.55-2.59(m,1H),1.80-1.84(m,4H),1.43-1.50(m,2H),1.18-1.31(m,9H),1.02-1.07(m,2H),0.86-0.89(t,3H)
1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ(ppm)=8.19(s,1H),7.42-7.43(d,2H),7.33-7.35(d,2H),4.62-4.65(d,1H),4.06-4.10(m,1H),3.30-3.32(m,1H),2.82-2.84(m,1H),2.72-2.73(m,1H),2.50-2.54(m,1H),1.79-1.83(m,4H),1.43-1.46(m,2H),1.19-1.31(m,9H),1.02-1.04(m,2H),0.86-0.88(t,3H)
(合成例1)
B1(0.76g、2.00mmol)、C1(1.95g、18.00mmol)、及びA6(4.34g、19.4mmol)をNMP(28.2g)中に溶解し、60℃で10時間反応させ、固形分濃度が20質量%のポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-1A)を得た。
得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-1A)(10.0g)にNMP(20.0g)及びBCS(20.0g)を加え、室温(25℃)で2時間撹拌することにより、固形分濃度が4質量%のポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-1)を得た。
表1-1に示す組成にて、合成例1と同様の方法を用いて、ポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-2)~(PAA-40)を合成した。
C2(2.16g、20.00mmol)、及びA6(4.35g、19.4mmol)をNMP(26.2g)中に溶解し、60℃で10時間反応させ、固形分濃度が20質量%のポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-41A)を得た。
得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-41A)(10.0g)にNMP(20.0g)、及びBCS(20.0g)を加え、室温(25℃)で2時間撹拌することにより、固形分濃度が4質量%のポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-41)を得た。
表1-2に示す組成にて、合成例1と同様の方法を用いて、ポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-42)~(PAA-43)を合成した。
(実施例1)
合成例1で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-1)(10.0g)に、EP1(0.06g)を加え、室温(25℃)にて撹拌することにより、液晶配向剤(AL-1)を得た。
表2-1に示すように、ポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-1)の代わりに(PAA-2)~(PAA-40)を用いたことを除いては実施例1と同様に実施することで、液晶配向剤(AL-2)~(AL-40)を得た。
表2-1に示すように、特定化合物(EP1)の代わりに(EP2)~(EP5)を用いたことを除いては実施例1と同様に実施することで、液晶配向剤(AL-41)~(AL-44)を得た。
表2-2に示すように、使用するポリアミック酸溶液及び特定化合物の種類を変更した点を除いては実施例1と同様に実施することで、液晶配向剤(AL-45)~(AL-57)を得た。
合成例1で得られたポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-1A)(10.0g)に、EP1(0.06g)、及びテトラブチルアンモニウムブロミド(0.20g)を加え、120℃で4時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノールに投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥させ、ポリアミック酸エステル粉末(E)を得た。
得られたポリアミック酸エステル粉末(E)(6.0g)にNMP(44.0g)を加え、70℃にて20時間撹拌して溶解させた。この溶液にNMP(40.0g)、BCS(60.0g)を加え、室温(25℃)で5時間撹拌することにより、液晶配向剤(AL-R1)を得た。
表3に示すように、ポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-1A)の代わりに(PAA-2A)、(PAA-10A)、(PAA-34A)を用いたことを除いては比較例1と同様に実施することで、液晶配向剤(AL-R2)~(AL-R4)を得た。
表3に示すように、特定化合物(EP1)の代わりに(EP4)を用いたことを除いては比較例1と同様に実施することで、液晶配向剤(AL-R5)を得た。
(比較例6)
表3に示すように、ポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-1A)の代わりに(PAA-41A)を用いたことを除いては比較例1と同様に実施することで、液晶配向剤(AL-R6)を得た。
実施例で得られた液晶配向剤(AL-1)、(AL-2)、(AL-10)、(AL-34)、(AL-42)、(AL-43)、(AL-48)、及び比較例で得られた液晶配向剤(AL-R1)~(AL-R6)を、それぞれ細孔径1μmのメンブランフィルタで加圧濾過した。
得られた溶液をITO膜からなる透明電極付きガラス基板のITO面にスピンコートし、70℃のホットプレートで90秒間乾燥した後、200℃のホットプレートで30分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜を形成した。
次いで、塗膜面に偏光板を介して、照射強度4.3mW/cm2の波長313nmの直線偏光紫外線を、基板法線方向から40°傾斜した角度から50mJ/cm2照射し、液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。直線偏光紫外線は高圧水銀ランプの紫外光に波長313nmのバンドパスフィルターを通した後、波長313nmの偏光板を通すことで調製した。
上記の基板を2枚用意し、一方の基板の液晶配向膜上に4μmのビーズスペーサーを散布した後、シール剤(三井化学社製、XN-1500T)を塗布した。次いで、もう一方の基板を、液晶配向膜面が向き合い配向方向が180°になるようにして張り合わせた後、120℃で90分間シール剤を熱硬化させることで空セルを作製した。この空セルに液晶(メルク社製、MLC-3022)を減圧注入法によって注入し、液晶表示素子を得た。
(液晶配向性)
上記で得られた液晶表示素子を120℃で1時間の等方相処理を行った後、偏光顕微鏡にてセル観察を行った。評価基準として、光抜けやドメイン発生などの配向不良が無く、液晶セルに電圧印加を行った際に均一な液晶の駆動が得られた場合を「良好」とし、光抜けやドメイン発生などの配向不良が見られた場合や液晶セルに電圧印加を行った際に均一な液晶の駆動が得られなかった場合を「不良」とした。評価結果を表4に示す。
実施例で得られた液晶配向剤(AL-48)、(AL-51)、(AL-56)、(AL-57)を、それぞれ細孔径1μmのメンブランフィルタで加圧濾過した。
得られた溶液をITO膜からなる透明電極付きガラス基板のITO面にスピンコートし、70℃のホットプレートで90秒間乾燥した後、200℃のホットプレートで30分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜を形成した後、5日間大気中に暴露させた。
次いで、塗膜面に偏光板を介して、照射強度4.3mW/cm2の波長313nmの直線偏光紫外線を、基板法線方向から40°傾斜した角度から50mJ/cm2照射し、液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。直線偏光紫外線は高圧水銀ランプの紫外光に波長313nmのバンドパスフィルターを通した後、波長313nmの偏光板を通すことで調製した。
上記の基板を2枚用意し、一方の基板の液晶配向膜上に4μmのビーズスペーサーを散布した後、シール剤(三井化学社製、XN-1500T)を塗布した。次いで、もう一方の基板を、液晶配向膜面が向き合い配向方向が180°になるようにして張り合わせた後、120℃で90分間シール剤を熱硬化させることで空セルを作製した。この空セルに液晶(メルク社製、MLC-3022)を減圧注入法によって注入し、引き置き耐性評価用の液晶表示素子を得た。
(液晶配向性)
上記で得られた液晶表示素子を120℃で1時間の等方相処理を行った後、偏光顕微鏡にてセル観察を行った。評価基準として、光抜けやドメイン発生などの配向不良が無く、液晶セルに電圧印加を行った際に均一な液晶の駆動が得られた場合を「良好」とし、光抜けやドメイン発生などの配向不良が見られた場合や液晶セルに電圧印加を行った際に均一な液晶の駆動が得られなかった場合を「不良」とした。評価結果を表5に示す。
Claims (9)
- (A)成分として下記式(pa-1)
(式中、Aは場合によりフッ素原子、塩素原子、及びシアノ基から選択される基によるか、又は炭素数1~5のアルコキシ基、直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状のアルキル残基(これは、場合により1個のシアノ基又は1個以上のハロゲン原子で置換されている)で置換されている、ピリミジン-2,5-ジイル、ピリジン-2,5-ジイル、チオフェン-2,5-ジイル、フラン-2,5-ジイル、1,4-若しくは2,6-ナフチレン又はフェニレンを表し、R1は単結合、酸素原子、-COO-または-OCO-であり、R2は2価の芳香族基、2価の脂環式基、2価の複素環式基または2価の縮合環式基であり、R3は単結合、酸素原子、-COO-または-OCO-であり、R4は炭素数1~40の直鎖あるいは分岐鎖のアルキル基、または脂環式基を含む炭素数3~40の1価の有機基であり、このアルキル基の水素原子の一部または全部はフッ素原子により置換されていてもよく、Dは、酸素原子、硫黄原子又は-NRd-(ここで、Rdは、水素原子又は炭素数1~3のアルキルを表す)を表し、aは0~3の整数であり、*は結合位置を表す。aが2以上の場合、複数個のR1及びR2はそれぞれ独立して上記定義を有する。X及びYは、それぞれ独立して水素原子、フッ素原子、塩素原子、シアノ基又は炭素数1~3のアルキル基であり、このアルキル基の水素原子の一部または全部はフッ素原子により置換されていてもよい。)
で表される光配向性基と熱架橋性基とを有し、当該熱架橋性基はカルボキシ基と反応して共有結合を形成しうる基である化合物、(B)成分としてポリアミック酸、及び溶媒を含有する液晶配向剤。
- (A)成分の熱架橋性基がエポキシ部位含有基、オキセタニル基、チイラニル基、及びシクロカーボネート基から選ばれる基である請求項1記載の液晶配向剤。
- (A)成分の熱架橋性基がエポキシ基である請求項1記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1~請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤を用いて形成された液晶配向膜。
- 請求項1~請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布して塗膜を形成する工程と、前記塗膜が液晶層と接触していない状態で又は液晶層と接触した状態で前記塗膜に光照射する工程と、を含む液晶配向膜の製造方法。
- 請求項4に記載の液晶配向膜を具備する液晶表示素子。
- 下記式(pa-1)
(式中、Aは場合によりフッ素原子、塩素原子、及びシアノ基から選択される基によるか、又は炭素数1~5のアルコキシ基、直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状のアルキル残基(これは、場合により1個のシアノ基又は1個以上のハロゲン原子で置換されている)で置換されている、ピリミジン-2,5-ジイル、ピリジン-2,5-ジイル、チオフェン-2,5-ジイル、フラン-2,5-ジイル、1,4-若しくは2,6-ナフチレン又はフェニレンを表し、R1は単結合、酸素原子、-COO-または-OCO-であり、R2は2価の芳香族基、2価の脂環式基、2価の複素環式基または2価の縮合環式基であり、R3は単結合、酸素原子、-COO-または-OCO-であり、R4は炭素数1~40の直鎖あるいは分岐鎖のアルキル基、または脂環式基を含む炭素数3~40の1価の有機基であり、このアルキル基の水素原子の一部または全部はフッ素原子により置換されていてもよく、Dは、酸素原子、硫黄原子又は-NRd-(ここで、Rdは、水素原子又は炭素数1~3のアルキルを表す)を表し、aは0~3の整数であり、*は結合位置を表す。aが2以上の場合、複数個のR1及びR2はそれぞれ独立して上記定義を有する。X及びYは、それぞれ独立して水素原子、フッ素原子、塩素原子、シアノ基又は炭素数1~3のアルキル基であり、このアルキル基の水素原子の一部または全部はフッ素原子により置換されていてもよい。)
で表される光配向性基と熱架橋性基とを有し、当該熱架橋性基はカルボキシ基と反応して共有結合を形成しうる基である化合物。
- 熱架橋性基がエポキシ部位含有基、オキセタニル基、チイラニル基、及びシクロカーボネート基から選ばれる基である請求項7に記載の化合物。
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JP2011133825A (ja) * | 2009-12-25 | 2011-07-07 | Jsr Corp | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜および液晶表示素子 |
CN107043630A (zh) * | 2016-02-05 | 2017-08-15 | 奇美实业股份有限公司 | 液晶配向剂、液晶配向膜及液晶显示组件 |
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JP2011133825A (ja) * | 2009-12-25 | 2011-07-07 | Jsr Corp | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜および液晶表示素子 |
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