WO2023053673A1 - 空気調和機及び空気調和システム - Google Patents
空気調和機及び空気調和システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023053673A1 WO2023053673A1 PCT/JP2022/027912 JP2022027912W WO2023053673A1 WO 2023053673 A1 WO2023053673 A1 WO 2023053673A1 JP 2022027912 W JP2022027912 W JP 2022027912W WO 2023053673 A1 WO2023053673 A1 WO 2023053673A1
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- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
- F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F24F11/49—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring ensuring correct operation, e.g. by trial operation or configuration checks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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Definitions
- the present invention provides a function of estimating the shortage (or residual amount) of the amount of refrigerant charged in the refrigerant circuit of an air conditioner, in particular, a heat source side unit (hereinafter also referred to as an outdoor unit) and a user side unit (hereinafter referred to as an outdoor unit). (also called an indoor unit) is connected via a refrigerant communication pipe. machine or air conditioning system.
- Air conditioners have been proposed that use operating state quantities that can be detected in the refrigerant circuit to determine whether the amount of refrigerant is appropriate.
- the user-side unit is operated for cooling and the user-side expansion valve is controlled so that the degree of superheat at the outlet of the user-side heat exchanger becomes a positive value (the gas refrigerant at the outlet of the user-side heat exchanger is in a superheated state).
- the degree of subcooling at the heat source side heat exchanger outlet is controlled in the refrigerant amount judgment operation mode (hereinafter also referred to as the default state) that controls the operating capacity of the compressor so that the evaporating pressure of the heat exchanger on the use side becomes a predetermined value while is used to determine whether the amount of refrigerant is appropriate.
- the refrigerant amount judgment operation mode hereinafter also referred to as the default state
- an air conditioner when judging whether or not the amount of refrigerant is appropriate using an operating state quantity such as the degree of subcooling, it is necessary to put the refrigerant circuit in the default state described above. Then, the degree of supercooling at the time of judging whether or not the amount of refrigerant is appropriate is compared with the degree of supercooling immediately after the prescribed amount of refrigerant is charged. As a result of comparing the values of the degree of supercooling, if the degree of supercooling at the time of judging whether the amount of refrigerant is appropriate is small, it is determined that the amount of refrigerant is small (not appropriate).
- the external environment such as the outside temperature and indoor temperature at the time of judging the appropriateness of the amount of refrigerant does not match the external environment immediately after charging the specified amount of refrigerant due to the influence of the season and the amount of solar radiation. Not exclusively. For this reason, it is difficult to adjust the state of the refrigerant circuit to the default state (for example, to adjust the evaporation pressure to a predetermined value) when it is desired to determine whether the amount of refrigerant is appropriate. In some cases, it was not possible to judge the suitability of In addition, in the above-described refrigerant circuit, the amount of operating state that can be detected in the refrigerant circuit also changes depending on the amount of refrigerant remaining in the refrigerant circuit.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an air conditioner that can determine the amount of refrigerant shortage (or remaining amount) without being affected by the amount of refrigerant remaining even when the user unit is in heating operation.
- An air conditioner of one aspect has an outdoor unit having a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger and an expansion valve, and an indoor unit having an indoor heat exchanger.
- the air conditioner has a refrigerant circuit formed by connecting an outdoor unit and an indoor unit with a refrigerant pipe, and has an indoor heat exchanger as a condenser of the refrigerant compressed in the compressor, and an outdoor heat exchanger. can function as an evaporator for the refrigerant condensed in the indoor heat exchanger.
- the air conditioner has an estimation unit that estimates the amount of refrigerant remaining in the refrigerant circuit using at least the operating state quantity of the air conditioner during heating operation.
- the estimating unit includes a plurality of different estimation models corresponding to the range of the amount of refrigerant remaining in the refrigerant circuit, and at least one of the plurality of estimation models uses the amount of refrigerant at the outlet of the indoor heat exchanger as the operating state quantity. Use the degree of supercooling.
- the amount of refrigerant can be determined at desired timing without being influenced by the amount of refrigerant remaining.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the air conditioner of this embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of an outdoor unit and an indoor unit.
- FIG. 3A is a block diagram showing an example of an outdoor unit controller of an outdoor unit.
- FIG. 3B is a block diagram showing an example of an indoor unit controller of the indoor unit.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an example of control circuitry within the centralized controller.
- FIG. 5 is a Mollier diagram showing how the refrigerant changes in the air conditioner.
- FIG. 6A is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a case where the estimation result by the first cooling estimation model and the estimation result by the second cooling estimation model are not interpolated with a sigmoid curve.
- FIG. 6A is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a case where the estimation result by the first cooling estimation model and the estimation result by the second cooling estimation model are not interpolated with a sigmoid curve.
- FIG. 6B is an explanatory diagram showing an example of interpolation using a sigmoid curve between the estimation result of the first cooling estimation model and the estimation result of the second cooling estimation model.
- FIG. 7A is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a case in which the estimation result by the first heating estimation model and the estimation result by the second heating estimation model are not interpolated with a sigmoid curve.
- FIG. 7B is an explanatory diagram showing an example of interpolation using a sigmoid curve between the estimation result of the first heating estimation model and the estimation result of the second heating estimation model.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the sensor value editing process.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing operations of a control circuit involved in estimation processing.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing operations of a control circuit involved in estimation processing.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing an example of the processing operation of the control circuit involved in multiple regression analysis processing.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of simulation results regarding the relationship between the degree of refrigerant subcooling on the refrigerant outlet side and the refrigerant shortage rate in the outdoor heat exchanger during cooling operation.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a simulation result regarding the relationship between the intake temperature and the refrigerant shortage rate during cooling operation.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a simulation result regarding the relationship between the degree of opening of the outdoor unit expansion valve and the refrigerant shortage rate during heating operation.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of simulation results regarding the relationship between the degree of refrigerant subcooling on the refrigerant outlet side and the refrigerant shortage rate in the outdoor heat exchanger during cooling operation.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a simulation result regarding the relationship between the intake temperature and the refrig
- FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of simulation results regarding the relationship between the degree of subcooling of the indoor unit 3 and the refrigerant shortage rate during heating operation.
- FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a simulation result of the relationship between the suction superheat degree and the refrigerant shortage rate.
- FIG. 16A is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the accuracy of estimated values for each refrigerant shortage rate of the third heating estimation model using only the opening of the outdoor unit expansion valve during heating operation.
- FIG. 16B is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the accuracy of estimated values for each refrigerant shortage rate of the third heating estimation model using the degree of opening of the outdoor unit expansion valve and the degree of indoor subcooling during heating operation.
- FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the air conditioning system of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of an air conditioner 1 of this embodiment.
- the air conditioner 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes one outdoor unit 2, N indoor units 3, an individual controller (not shown) as individual control means for individually controlling each indoor unit 3, and an outdoor unit 2 and a centralized controller 7 as centralized control means for displaying and controlling the state of the indoor unit 3 (for example, operating information, etc., which will be described later) (N is a natural number above 2).
- the outdoor unit 2 is connected to each indoor unit 3 in parallel with a liquid pipe 4 and a gas pipe 5 .
- a refrigerant circuit 6 of the air conditioner 1 is formed by connecting the outdoor unit 2 and the indoor unit 3 with refrigerant pipes such as the liquid pipe 4 and the gas pipe 5 .
- Each indoor unit 3 receives an operation instruction from a user through an individual controller and performs an air conditioning operation for each indoor unit 3 .
- the centralized controller 7 has a monitor section 80 that displays the state of the air conditioner body 1A including the outdoor unit 2 and the indoor unit 3, and a control circuit 70 that controls the air conditioner body 1A.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the outdoor unit 2 and N indoor units 3 .
- the outdoor unit 2 includes a compressor 11, a four-way valve 12, an outdoor heat exchanger 13, an outdoor unit expansion valve 14, a first closing valve 15, a second closing valve 16, an accumulator 17, and an outdoor It has a machine fan 18 and an outdoor machine controller 19 .
- a compressor 11, four-way valve 12, outdoor heat exchanger 13, outdoor unit expansion valve 14, first shut-off valve 15, second shut-off valve 16 and accumulator 17 each refrigerant pipe described in detail below
- An outdoor refrigerant circuit which is connected to each other and forms a part of the refrigerant circuit 6 is formed.
- the compressor 11 is, for example, a high-pressure vessel type variable capacity compressor that can vary its operating capacity in accordance with the drive of a motor (not shown) whose rotational speed is controlled by an inverter.
- the compressor 11 has a discharge pipe 21 connecting between the refrigerant discharge side thereof and the first port 12A of the four-way valve 12 .
- a suction pipe 22 connects the refrigerant suction side of the compressor 11 and the refrigerant outflow side of the accumulator 17 .
- the four-way valve 12 is a valve for switching the direction of refrigerant flow in the refrigerant circuit 6, and has first to fourth ports 12A to 12D.
- the first port 12A is connected to the refrigerant discharge side of the compressor 11 via a discharge pipe 21 .
- the second port 12B is connected to one refrigerant inlet/outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 by an outdoor refrigerant pipe 23 .
- the third port 12 ⁇ /b>C is connected to the refrigerant inflow side of the accumulator 17 with an outdoor refrigerant pipe 26 .
- the 4th port 12D has connected between the 2nd closing valves 16 with the outdoor gas pipe 24. As shown in FIG.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 13 exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the outside air taken into the outdoor unit 2 by the rotation of the outdoor unit fan 18 .
- the outdoor heat exchanger 13 has one refrigerant inlet/outlet port and the second port 12B of the four-way valve 12 connected by an outdoor refrigerant pipe 26 .
- the outdoor heat exchanger 13 connects the other refrigerant inlet/outlet port and the first shutoff valve 15 with an outdoor liquid pipe 25 .
- the outdoor heat exchanger 13 functions as a condenser when the air conditioner 1 performs cooling operation, and functions as an evaporator when the air conditioner 1 performs heating operation.
- the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 is provided in the outdoor liquid pipe 25 and is an electronic expansion valve driven by a pulse motor (not shown).
- the opening of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 is adjusted according to the number of pulses given to the pulse motor, so that the amount of refrigerant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 13 or the amount of refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 is adjusted. It is an adjustment.
- the degree of opening of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 is adjusted so that the degree of superheat of the refrigerant on the refrigerant suction side of the compressor 11 becomes the target degree of suction refrigerant superheat when the air conditioner 1 is performing heating operation. Further, the degree of opening of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 is fully opened when the air conditioner 1 is performing cooling operation.
- the refrigerant inflow side of the accumulator 17 and the third port 12C of the four-way valve 12 are connected by an outdoor refrigerant pipe 26 .
- the accumulator 17 has a suction pipe 22 connecting between the refrigerant outflow side thereof and the refrigerant inflow side of the compressor 11 .
- the accumulator 17 separates the refrigerant that has flowed into the accumulator 17 from the outdoor refrigerant pipe 26 into gas refrigerant and liquid refrigerant, and causes the compressor 11 to suck only the gas refrigerant.
- the outdoor unit fan 18 is made of a resin material and arranged near the outdoor heat exchanger 13 .
- the outdoor unit fan 18 draws outside air into the outdoor unit 2 from a suction port (not shown) in response to rotation of a fan motor (not shown), and the outside air heat-exchanged with the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger 13 is discharged from an outlet (not shown) to the outside of the room. Discharge to the outside of machine 2.
- the discharge pipe 21 is provided with a discharge pressure sensor 31 for detecting the pressure of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11, i.e. the discharge pressure, and a discharge temperature sensor 32 for detecting the temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11, i.e. the discharge temperature. and are placed.
- a suction pressure sensor 33 for detecting the suction pressure, which is the pressure of the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 11, and the temperature of the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 11 are detected.
- An intake temperature sensor 34 is arranged.
- the temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 13 or the temperature of the refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 is detected in the outdoor liquid pipe 25 between the outdoor heat exchanger 13 and the outdoor unit expansion valve 14.
- a coolant temperature sensor 35 is arranged for the purpose.
- An outside air temperature sensor 36 for detecting the temperature of the outside air flowing into the inside of the outdoor unit 2, that is, the outside air temperature, is arranged near the suction port (not shown) of the outdoor unit 2 .
- FIG. 3A is a block diagram showing an example of the outdoor unit control section 19 of the outdoor unit 2.
- the outdoor unit controller 19 shown in FIG. 3A has an outdoor detector 19A, an outdoor storage 19B, and an outdoor controller 19C.
- the outdoor-side detection unit 19A detects an outdoor-side operating state quantity that is the operating state quantity on the outdoor unit 2 side among the operating state quantities.
- 19 A of outdoor side detection parts are each sensor of the outdoor unit 2.
- the outdoor storage unit 19B stores the outdoor detection result detected by the outdoor detection unit 19A.
- the outdoor side detection result includes the detection result of each sensor of the outdoor unit 2 and the detection time of each sensor.
- the outdoor controller 19 ⁇ /b>C controls the operation of each part of the outdoor unit 2 .
- the outdoor-side control unit 19C transfers the outdoor-side detection result being stored in the outdoor-side storage unit 19B to the centralized controller 7, if there is a change in the sensor value at the immediately preceding detection time among the outdoor-side detection results. Only then, the sensor value at that time is transferred to the centralized controller 7 as the outdoor side detection result. Further, the outdoor side control section 19C does not transfer the outdoor side detection result to the centralized controller 7 when there is no change in the sensor value at the immediately preceding detection time.
- the indoor unit 3 includes an indoor heat exchanger 51, an indoor unit expansion valve 52, a liquid pipe connection portion 53, a gas pipe connection portion 54, an indoor unit fan 55, and an indoor unit control portion. 65.
- the indoor heat exchanger 51, the indoor unit expansion valve 52, the liquid pipe connection portion 53, and the gas pipe connection portion 54 are connected to each other by refrigerant pipes, which will be described later, and constitute a part of the refrigerant circuit 6. configure.
- the indoor heat exchanger 51 exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the indoor air taken into the indoor unit 3 through a suction port (not shown) by the rotation of the indoor unit fan 55 .
- one refrigerant inlet/outlet port and the liquid pipe connecting portion 53 are connected by an indoor liquid pipe 56 .
- the other refrigerant inlet/outlet port and the gas pipe connecting portion 54 are connected by an indoor gas pipe 57 .
- the indoor heat exchanger 51 functions as a condenser when the air conditioner 1 performs heating operation.
- the indoor heat exchanger 51 functions as an evaporator when the air conditioner 1 performs cooling operation.
- the indoor unit expansion valve 52 is provided in the indoor liquid pipe 56 and is an electronic expansion valve.
- the degree of opening of the indoor unit expansion valve 52 is adjusted to the refrigerant outlet (gas pipe connection 54 side) of the indoor heat exchanger 51. ) is adjusted to the target refrigerant superheat degree.
- the indoor heat exchanger 51 functions as a condenser, that is, when the indoor unit 3 performs heating operation
- the degree of opening of the indoor unit expansion valve 52 is determined by the refrigerant outlet of the indoor heat exchanger 51 (liquid pipe connection portion 53 side) is adjusted to the target refrigerant subcooling degree.
- the target refrigerant superheating degree and the refrigerant supercooling degree are the refrigerant superheating degree and the refrigerant supercooling degree necessary for the indoor unit 3 to exhibit sufficient cooling capacity or heating capacity.
- the indoor unit fan 55 is made of a resin material and arranged near the indoor heat exchanger 51 .
- the indoor unit fan 55 is rotated by a fan motor (not shown) to take indoor air into the interior of the indoor unit 3 from a suction port (not shown), and the indoor air heat-exchanged with the refrigerant in the indoor heat exchanger 51 is discharged from an outlet (not shown). released into the room from
- the indoor liquid pipe 56 detects the temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the indoor heat exchanger 51 or the temperature of the refrigerant flowing out of the indoor heat exchanger 51 between the indoor heat exchanger 51 and the indoor unit expansion valve 52.
- a liquid-side refrigerant temperature sensor 61 is arranged.
- a gas-side temperature sensor 62 that detects the temperature of the refrigerant flowing out of or flowing into the indoor heat exchanger 51 is arranged in the indoor gas pipe 57 .
- a suction temperature sensor 63 that detects the temperature of indoor air flowing into the interior of the indoor unit 3, that is, the suction temperature, is arranged near the suction port (not shown) of the indoor unit 3 .
- FIG. 3B is a block diagram showing an example of the indoor unit controller 65 of the indoor unit 3.
- the indoor unit controller 65 shown in FIG. 3B has an indoor detector 65A, an indoor storage 65B, and an indoor controller 65C.
- the indoor-side detection unit 65A detects an indoor-side operating state quantity, which is the operating state quantity on the indoor unit 3 side, among the operating state quantities.
- 65 A of indoor side detection parts are each sensor in the indoor unit 3.
- the indoor-side storage unit 65B stores the indoor-side detection result detected by the indoor-side detection unit 65A.
- the indoor detection result includes the detection result of each sensor in the indoor unit 3 and the detection time of each sensor.
- the indoor controller 65C receives a user's driving instruction from an individual controller (not shown).
- the indoor controller 65C that has received the operation instruction controls the operation of each part of the indoor unit 3 according to the content of the instruction.
- the indoor controller 65C transfers the indoor detection result being stored in the indoor storage 65B to the centralized controller 7 via the outdoor unit controller 19 .
- the indoor controller 65C transfers the sensor value at that time to the centralized controller 7 as the indoor detection result only when there is a change in the sensor value at the immediately preceding detection time among the indoor detection results. do.
- the indoor controller 65C does not transfer the outdoor-side detection result to the centralized controller 7 when there is no change in the sensor value at the immediately preceding detection time.
- the four-way valve 12 is switched so that the first port 12A and the fourth port 12D communicate and the second port 12B and the third port 12C communicate. ing.
- the refrigerant circuit 6 becomes a heating cycle in which each indoor heat exchanger 51 functions as a condenser and the outdoor heat exchanger 13 functions as an evaporator.
- the flow of the refrigerant during the heating operation is represented by solid arrows shown in FIG.
- the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 flows through the discharge pipe 21, flows into the four-way valve 12, flows from the four-way valve 12 through the outdoor gas pipe 24, It flows into the gas line 5 via the second closing valve 16 .
- the refrigerant flowing through the gas pipe 5 is branched to each indoor unit 3 via each gas pipe connection portion 54 .
- the refrigerant that has flowed into each indoor unit 3 flows through each indoor gas pipe 57 and flows into each indoor heat exchanger 51 .
- the refrigerant that has flowed into each indoor heat exchanger 51 is condensed by exchanging heat with indoor air taken into each indoor unit 3 by rotation of each indoor unit fan 55 .
- each indoor heat exchanger 51 functions as a condenser, and the indoor air heated by the refrigerant in each indoor heat exchanger 51 is blown into the room from an air outlet (not shown), whereby each indoor unit 3 is installed. The room is then heated.
- the degree of opening of the refrigerant flowing into each indoor liquid pipe 56 from each indoor heat exchanger 51 is adjusted so that the refrigerant supercooling degree at the refrigerant outlet side of each indoor heat exchanger 51 becomes the target refrigerant supercooling degree.
- the pressure is reduced.
- the target refrigerant subcooling degree is determined based on the cooling capacity required by each indoor unit 3 .
- each indoor unit expansion valve 52 flows out from each indoor liquid pipe 56 to the liquid pipe 4 via each liquid pipe connecting portion 53 .
- the refrigerant merged in the liquid pipe 4 flows into the outdoor unit 2 via the first closing valve 15 .
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the first closing valve 15 of the outdoor unit 2 flows through the outdoor liquid pipe 25, passes through the outdoor unit expansion valve 14, and is decompressed.
- the refrigerant decompressed by the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 flows through the outdoor liquid pipe 25 and into the outdoor heat exchanger 13, and exchanges heat with the outside air that has flowed in from the suction port (not shown) of the outdoor unit 2 due to the rotation of the outdoor unit fan 18. and evaporate.
- the refrigerant flowing out from the outdoor heat exchanger 13 to the outdoor refrigerant pipe 26 flows into the four-way valve 12, the outdoor refrigerant pipe 26, the accumulator 17 and the suction pipe 22 in this order, is sucked into the compressor 11, is compressed again, and passes through the four-way valve. It exits into the outdoor gas pipe 24 via twelve first ports 12A and fourth ports 12D.
- the four-way valve 12 is arranged such that the first port 12A and the second port 12B communicate with each other, and the third port 12C and the fourth port 12D communicate with each other. is switching to Thereby, the refrigerant circuit 6 becomes a cooling cycle in which each indoor heat exchanger 51 functions as an evaporator and the outdoor heat exchanger 13 functions as a condenser.
- the flow of the refrigerant during the cooling operation is represented by the dashed arrow shown in FIG.
- the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 flows through the discharge pipe 21, flows into the four-way valve 12, flows from the four-way valve 12 through the outdoor refrigerant pipe 26, and heats the outside. It flows into exchanger 13 .
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor heat exchanger 13 is condensed by exchanging heat with the outdoor air taken into the outdoor unit 2 by the rotation of the outdoor unit fan 18 .
- the outdoor heat exchanger 13 functions as a condenser, and the indoor air heated by the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger 13 is blown out of the room through an air outlet (not shown).
- the refrigerant that has flowed from the outdoor heat exchanger 13 into the outdoor liquid pipe 25 is decompressed through the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 that is fully opened.
- the refrigerant decompressed by the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 flows through the liquid pipe 4 via the first closing valve 15 and is divided into the indoor units 3 .
- the refrigerant that has flowed into each indoor unit 3 flows through the indoor liquid pipe 56 through each liquid pipe connection portion 53, and the degree of refrigerant supercooling at the refrigerant outlet of the indoor heat exchanger 51 is adjusted to the degree of opening at which the degree of refrigerant supercooling becomes the target degree of refrigerant supercooling. After passing through the indoor unit expansion valve 52, the pressure is reduced.
- each indoor heat exchanger 51 functions as an evaporator, and the indoor air cooled by the refrigerant in each indoor heat exchanger 51 is blown into the room from an air outlet (not shown), whereby each indoor unit 3 is installed. Air conditioning in the room is performed.
- the refrigerant flowing from the indoor heat exchanger 51 to the gas pipe 5 via the gas pipe connection 54 flows to the outdoor gas pipe 24 via the second shut-off valve 16 of the outdoor unit 2 and flows to the fourth port of the four-way valve 12.
- Flow into 12D The refrigerant that has flowed into the fourth port 12D of the four-way valve 12 flows into the refrigerant inflow side of the accumulator 17 from the third port 12C.
- Refrigerant that has flowed in from the refrigerant inflow side of the accumulator 17 flows through the suction pipe 22, is sucked into the compressor 11, and is compressed again.
- the indoor heat exchanger 51 functions as a condenser for the refrigerant compressed in the compressor 11, and the outdoor heat exchanger 13 functions as an evaporator for the refrigerant condensed in the indoor heat exchanger 51.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an example of the control circuit 70 within the centralized controller 7.
- the control circuit 70 has an acquisition section 71 , a communication section 72 , a storage section 73 and a control section 74 .
- the acquisition unit 71 acquires the sensor values of the various sensors described above.
- the acquisition unit 71 acquires sensor values of the discharge pressure sensor 31 , the discharge temperature sensor 32 , the suction pressure sensor 33 , the suction temperature sensor 63 , the refrigerant temperature sensor 35 and the outside air temperature sensor 36 inside the outdoor unit 2 .
- the acquiring unit 71 acquires the sensor values of the liquid-side refrigerant temperature sensor 61 , the gas-side temperature sensor 62 , and the intake temperature sensor 63 of each indoor unit 3 .
- the communication unit 72 is a communication interface that communicates with the communication units of the outdoor unit 2 and each indoor unit 3.
- the storage unit 73 is, for example, a flash memory, and stores operation state quantities such as detection values corresponding to detection signals from the control program of the outdoor unit 2 and various sensors, and operation information of the outdoor unit 2 (for example, operation/stop, etc.). information, the driving state of the compressor 11 and the outdoor unit fan 18, etc.), operation information transmitted from each indoor unit 3 (for example, information such as operation / stop, operation mode such as cooling / heating, etc.) , the rated capacity of the outdoor unit 2, the required capacity of each indoor unit 3, and the like.
- the storage unit 73 stores an estimation model for estimating the amount of refrigerant remaining in the refrigerant circuit 6.
- the amount of refrigerant remaining in the refrigerant circuit 6 for example, a relative amount of refrigerant is used.
- the storage unit 73 of the present embodiment stores the refrigerant shortage rate of the refrigerant circuit 6 (when the state in which the refrigerant circuit 6 is charged with a specified amount of refrigerant is assumed to be a state of a refrigerant charging rate of 100%, this specified amount It stores an estimation model for estimating the amount of decrease from (hereinafter the same).
- the estimation models stored in the storage unit 73 include, for example, a first cooling estimation model 73A corresponding to a low refrigerant shortage rate range (a large remaining refrigerant amount range).
- the estimation model stored in the storage unit 73 includes, for example, a second cooling estimation model 73B that corresponds to a high refrigerant shortage rate range (a low remaining refrigerant amount range).
- the estimation models stored in the storage unit 73 include, for example, a third cooling estimation model 73C that is a combination of the first cooling estimation model 73A and the second cooling estimation model 73B.
- the estimation models stored in the storage unit 73 include, for example, a first heating estimation model 73D corresponding to a low refrigerant shortage rate range (a large remaining refrigerant amount range).
- the estimation model stored in the storage unit 73 includes, for example, a second heating estimation model 73E corresponding to a high refrigerant shortage rate range (a low remaining refrigerant amount range).
- the estimation models stored in the storage unit 73 include, for example, a third heating estimation model 73F that is a combination of the first heating estimation model 73D and the second heating estimation model 73E.
- the control unit 74 periodically (for example, every 30 seconds) takes in detected values from various sensors via the communication unit 72, and a signal including operation information transmitted from each indoor unit 3 is transmitted via the communication unit 72. is entered.
- the control unit 74 adjusts the degree of opening of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 and controls the driving of the compressor 11 based on the input various information.
- the control unit 74 has an estimation unit 74A that estimates the refrigerant shortage rate using each estimation model described above.
- the estimating unit 74A uses a plurality of estimation models that differ according to the range of the refrigerant shortage rate in the refrigerant circuit 6, for example, using the operating state quantity of the air conditioner main body 1A in the heating operation. Estimate the amount of refrigerant.
- the estimation unit 74A determines whether the refrigerant at the outlet of the indoor heat exchangers 51 functioning as condensers. Using the degree of subcooling of , the amount of refrigerant is estimated by the estimation model.
- FIG. 5 is a Mollier diagram showing the refrigeration cycle of the air conditioner 1.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 13 functions as a condenser
- the indoor heat exchanger 51 functions as an evaporator.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 13 functions as an evaporator
- the indoor heat exchanger 51 functions as a condenser.
- the compressor 11 compresses the low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant flowing from the evaporator and discharges the high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant (refrigerant in the state of point B in FIG. 5).
- the temperature of the gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 is the discharge temperature, and the discharge temperature is detected by the discharge temperature sensor 32 .
- the condenser exchanges heat with air to condense the high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant from the compressor 11 .
- the temperature of the liquid refrigerant decreases due to the change in sensible heat, resulting in a supercooled state (state of point C in FIG. 5).
- the temperature at which the gas refrigerant changes to liquid refrigerant due to latent heat change is the high-pressure saturation temperature, and the high-pressure saturation temperature is the pressure value detected by the discharge pressure sensor 31 (indicated as "HPS" in FIG. 5). is the temperature corresponding to the pressure value P2).
- the temperature of the supercooled refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser is the heat exchange outlet temperature.
- the expansion valve reduces the pressure of the low-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant that has flowed out of the condenser to become a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant (refrigerant in the state of point D in FIG. 5) in which gas and liquid are mixed.
- the evaporator evaporates the inflowing gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant by exchanging heat with air.
- the temperature of the gas refrigerant rises due to the change in sensible heat and enters a superheated state (state of point A in FIG. 5), and compression It is sucked into the aircraft 11.
- the low-pressure saturation temperature is the temperature at which the liquid refrigerant changes into the gas refrigerant due to latent heat change.
- the low-pressure saturation temperature is a temperature corresponding to the pressure value detected by the suction pressure sensor 33 (pressure value P1 indicated as "LPS" in FIG. 5).
- the temperature of the refrigerant that is superheated by the evaporator and sucked into the compressor 11 is the suction temperature.
- the intake temperature is detected by an intake temperature sensor 34 .
- the degree of supercooling of the refrigerant that is in a supercooled state when flowing out of the condenser is determined by the refrigerant temperature at the refrigerant outlet of the heat exchanger functioning as a condenser (the heat exchange outlet described above) from the high-pressure saturation temperature. temperature). Also, the degree of superheat of the refrigerant that is in a superheated state when flowing out of the evaporator can be calculated by subtracting the suction temperature from the low-pressure saturation temperature.
- the estimation model is generated using an arbitrary driving state quantity (feature quantity) among a plurality of driving state quantities, for example, using a multiple regression analysis method, which is a kind of regression analysis method.
- Multiple simulation results (Reproduce the refrigerant circuit by numerical calculation, and change the remaining refrigerant amount (for example, refrigerant shortage rate 0%, refrigerant shortage rate 10%, refrigerant shortage rate 20%, etc.) As a result of analyzing the result of calculating what value will be) by multiple regression analysis, multiple regression equations were obtained.
- the P value value indicating the degree of influence of the operating state quantity on the accuracy of the generated estimation model (predetermined weighting parameter)
- the correction value R2 indicating the accuracy of the generated estimation model value
- the P value and the correction value R2 are values related to the accuracy of the estimation model when the estimation model is generated by the multiple regression analysis method. The closer the value to , the more accurate the generated estimation model.
- the estimation model is a regression equation that uses operating state variables such as the suction temperature, the outside air temperature, and the rotation speed of the compressor 11 as feature quantities.
- the opening degree of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 the degree of subcooling of the indoor unit 3, and the rotation speed of the compressor 11 are used as the operating state quantities.
- the regression equation be the estimation model.
- SC heat exchanger a subcool heat exchanger
- the SC heat exchange outlet temperature may be used as a feature quantity as an operating state quantity. good.
- the degree of supercooling of the indoor unit 3 is the degree of supercooling of the refrigerant flowing out from the indoor heat exchanger 51 that functions as a condenser during heating operation.
- the degree of supercooling of the indoor unit 3 is (high pressure saturation temperature of the outdoor unit 2 (value obtained by temperature conversion of the pressure value detected by the discharge pressure sensor 31 of the compressor 11) - heat exchange outlet temperature of the indoor heat exchanger 51 (liquid Detected temperature of the side refrigerant temperature sensor 61)).
- the degree of supercooling of the indoor unit 3 is also affected by external factors such as the outdoor temperature and the indoor temperature, if the operating state quantity (outdoor temperature, indoor temperature) reflecting the external factors is included in the feature quantity, It is possible to improve the estimation accuracy of the refrigerant shortage rate.
- the opening degree of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 as the operating state quantity is used as an estimation model.
- the estimation model of this embodiment includes six estimation models (first cooling estimation model 73A, second cooling estimation model 73B, third cooling estimation model 73C, and first heating estimation model 73C). It includes an estimation model 73D, a second heating estimation model 73E, and a third heating estimation model 73F). In this embodiment, each of these estimation models is generated using simulation results, which will be described later. Note that these estimation models may be stored in advance in the air conditioner 1 (for example, stored in the storage unit 73 of the centralized controller 7) as in the present embodiment, or may be stored in a server connected to the air conditioner 1. 120 may be held.
- the first cooling estimation model 73A is an effective estimation model when the refrigerant shortage rate is in a low range such as 0% to 30% (a range in which the amount of remaining refrigerant is large (first range)).
- the first regression equation capable of estimating the refrigerant shortage rate with high accuracy.
- the first regression equation is, for example, ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ refrigerant subcooling degree)+( ⁇ 2 ⁇ outside temperature)+( ⁇ 3 ⁇ high pressure saturation temperature)+( ⁇ 4 ⁇ rotation speed of compressor 11)+ ⁇ 5.
- Coefficients ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 5 are determined when the estimation model is generated.
- the control unit 74 substitutes the current degree of subcooling of the refrigerant, the outside air temperature, the high-pressure saturation temperature, and the rotation speed of the compressor 11 acquired by the acquisition unit 71 into the first regression equation, thereby obtaining the current refrigerant A refrigerant shortage rate of the circuit 6 is calculated.
- the reason for substituting the degree of subcooling of the refrigerant, the outside air temperature, the high-pressure saturation temperature, and the rotation speed of the compressor 11 is to use the feature values used when generating the first cooling estimation model 73A.
- the degree of subcooling of the refrigerant can be calculated by, for example, (high pressure saturation temperature - heat exchange outlet temperature).
- the outside air temperature is detected by an outside air temperature sensor 36 .
- the high-pressure saturation temperature is a temperature-converted value of the pressure value detected by the discharge pressure sensor 31 .
- the rotation speed of the compressor 11 is detected by a rotation speed sensor (not shown) of the compressor 11 .
- the second cooling estimation model 73B is an effective estimation model, for example, when the refrigerant shortage rate is in a high range such as 40% to 70% (a range in which the amount of remaining refrigerant is small (second range)).
- This is the second regression equation that can estimate the refrigerant shortage rate with high accuracy.
- the second regression formula is, for example, ( ⁇ 11 ⁇ suction temperature)+( ⁇ 12 ⁇ outside temperature)+( ⁇ 13 ⁇ rpm of compressor 11)+ ⁇ 14. Coefficients ⁇ 11 to ⁇ 14 are determined when the estimation model is generated.
- the control unit 74 substitutes the current intake temperature, the outside air temperature, and the rotation speed of the compressor 11 acquired by the acquisition unit 71 into the second regression equation to obtain the current refrigerant shortage rate of the refrigerant circuit 6.
- the reason for substituting the suction temperature, the outside air temperature, and the rotation speed of the compressor 11 is to use the feature amount used when generating the second cooling estimation model 73B.
- the intake temperature is detected by an intake temperature sensor 34 .
- the outside air temperature is detected by an outside air temperature sensor 36 .
- the rotation speed of the compressor 11 is detected by a rotation speed sensor (not shown) of the compressor 11 .
- the refrigerant shortage rate that can be obtained by the first regression formula is 0% to 30%
- the refrigerant shortage rate that can be obtained by the second regression formula is 40% to 70%.
- the refrigerant shortage rate is calculated to be 30% using the first regression equation
- the refrigerant shortage rate is 40% using the second regression equation. Calculated. That is, when the refrigerant shortage rate is 30% to 40%, the refrigerant subcooling degree that contributes highly when the refrigerant shortage rate is 30% or less, and the suction temperature that contributes highly when the refrigerant shortage rate is 40% or more. In either case, the change is small and an effective estimation model cannot be generated. Therefore, when the first regression equation or the second regression equation is used, the refrigerant shortage rate differs depending on which model is used as shown in FIG. 6A.
- the first estimation model 73A for cooling and the second estimation model 73B for cooling described above can be used by switching according to the amount of refrigerant remaining in the refrigerant circuit 6. For example, immediately after the air conditioner 1 is installed, it can be estimated that the refrigerant shortage rate is almost zero, so the first cooling estimation model 73A is used. Then, when it is confirmed by the first cooling estimation model 73A that the refrigerant shortage rate has increased, the estimation model is switched to the second cooling estimation model 73B.
- the above estimation model switching can be performed by the control unit of the air conditioner 1, or can be performed manually.
- the third cooling estimation model 73C has a refrigerant shortage rate of 0% to It is a cooling-time refrigerant shortage rate calculation formula that can cover a range of 70%.
- the third cooling estimation model 73C is generated by combining the first cooling estimation model 73A and the second cooling estimation model 73B. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6B, the third cooling estimation model 73C (refrigerant shortage calculation formula for cooling) is the estimation result of the first cooling estimation model 73A (first regression formula).
- a sigmoid curve using a sigmoid coefficient continuously connects a certain refrigerant shortage rate and the refrigerant shortage rate that is the estimation result of the second cooling estimation model 73B (second regression equation).
- the refrigerant shortage rate calculation formula for cooling is (sigmoid coefficient x refrigerant shortage rate obtained by the first regression formula) + ((1-sigmoid coefficient) x refrigerant shortage obtained by the second regression formula rate).
- the control unit 74 substitutes the current operating state quantity acquired by the acquiring unit 71 into the first regression equation and the second regression equation, and adds the calculated refrigerant shortage rate to the cooling-time refrigerant shortage calculation formula. By substituting, the current refrigerant shortage rate of the refrigerant circuit 6 is calculated.
- the calculation of the sigmoid coefficient uses one of the operating state quantities.
- a calculation formula is used in which the sigmoid coefficient is 0.5 when the subcooling is 5°C.
- the third cooling estimation model 73C By determining the sigmoid coefficient in this way and using it in the third cooling estimation model 73C, when the refrigerant shortage rate is 0% to 30%, that is, when the refrigerant shortage rate is in the first range, the third When the estimated value of the first cooling estimation model 73A is dominant in the estimated value of the cooling estimation model 73C, and the refrigerant shortage rate is 40% to 70%, that is, when the refrigerant shortage rate is in the second range. , the estimated value of the second cooling estimation model 73B is dominant in the estimation value of the third cooling estimation model 73C.
- the calculation of the sigmoid coefficient is not limited to the above-described method, and when the actual refrigerant shortage rate is 30% or more, that is, when the actual refrigerant shortage rate is not within the first range, the third cooling estimation model 73C so that the estimated value of the second cooling estimation model 73B is dominant, and when the actual refrigerant shortage rate is 40% or less, that is, the actual refrigerant shortage rate is the second If it is not within the range, the sigmoid coefficient should be determined so that the estimated value of the first cooling estimation model 73A is dominant in the estimated value of the third cooling estimation model 73C.
- the first heating estimation model 73D is an estimation model that is effective when the refrigerant shortage rate is 0% to 20% (a range where the amount of remaining refrigerant is large (third range)), and the refrigerant shortage rate is high.
- This is the fourth regression equation that can be estimated with accuracy.
- the fourth regression equation is, for example, ( ⁇ 31 ⁇ opening degree of outdoor unit expansion valve 14)+( ⁇ 32 ⁇ degree of supercooling of indoor unit 3)+( ⁇ 33 ⁇ rotation speed of compressor 11)+ ⁇ 34. Coefficients ⁇ 31 to ⁇ 34 are determined when the estimation model is generated.
- the control unit 74 substitutes the current opening degree of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 acquired by the acquiring unit 71 and the rotational speed of the subcooling degree compressor 11 of the indoor unit 3 into the fourth regression equation, Calculate the refrigerant shortage rate.
- the reason for substituting the opening degree of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14, the degree of supercooling of the indoor unit 3, and the rotational speed of the compressor 11 is that the opening degree of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 during heating operation and the degree of overcooling of the indoor unit 3
- the degree of cooling is an operating state quantity that is affected by changes in the amount of refrigerant when the amount of refrigerant shortage is small (for example, the third range), and the number of operating indoor units is affected by the rotation speed of the compressor 11.
- the degree of opening of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 is detected by a sensor (not shown).
- the rotation speed of the compressor 11 is detected by a rotation speed sensor (not shown) of the compressor 11 . Note that the rotation speed of the compressor 11 may be obtained from the outdoor control section.
- the degree of supercooling of the indoor unit 3 is calculated by, for example, (the high pressure saturation temperature of the outdoor unit 2 - the detected temperature of the liquid side refrigerant temperature sensor 61).
- the degree of supercooling of the indoor unit 3 is also affected by external factors such as the outside air temperature and the indoor temperature, the operating state quantity (outside air temperature, indoor temperature ) is included in the feature amount, it is possible to improve the detection accuracy of the refrigerant shortage rate.
- the estimation model (4th regression equation) considering external factors is ( ⁇ 31′ ⁇ opening degree of outdoor unit expansion valve 14)+( ⁇ 32′ ⁇ degree of supercooling of indoor unit 3)+( ⁇ 33′ x outside air temperature) + ( ⁇ 34' x SC heat exchange outlet temperature) + ( ⁇ 35' x rotation speed of compressor 11) + ( ⁇ 36' x room temperature) + ⁇ 37').
- Coefficients ⁇ 31′ to ⁇ 37′ are determined when the estimation model is generated.
- the outside air temperature is detected by an outside air temperature sensor 36 .
- the indoor temperature is detected by an indoor temperature sensor (not shown).
- the second heating estimation model 73E is an estimation model that is effective when the refrigerant shortage rate is 30% to 70% (a range in which the amount of remaining refrigerant is small (fourth range)).
- This is the fifth regression equation that can be estimated with accuracy.
- the fifth regression equation is, for example, ( ⁇ 41 ⁇ suction degree of superheat)+( ⁇ 42 ⁇ opening degree of outdoor unit expansion valve 14)+ ⁇ 43. Coefficients ⁇ 41 to ⁇ 43 are determined when the estimation model is generated.
- the control unit 74 substitutes the current suction superheat degree and the opening degree of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 acquired by the acquiring unit 71 into the fifth regression equation to obtain the current refrigerant shortage rate of the refrigerant circuit 6.
- the reason for substituting the degree of suction superheat and the degree of opening of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 is that the degree of suction superheat during heating operation and the degree of opening of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 are large when the amount of refrigerant is insufficient (for example, the fourth range ) is affected by changes in the amount of refrigerant, and the feature quantity used when generating the second heating estimation model 73E is used.
- the degree of suction superheat can be calculated by, for example, (suction temperature (detected value of suction temperature sensor 34) - low pressure saturation temperature (temperature corresponding to pressure value detected by suction pressure sensor 33)).
- the degree of opening of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 is detected by a sensor (not shown).
- the refrigerant shortage rate determined by the fourth regression formula is, for example, 0% to 20%
- the refrigerant shortage rate determined by the fifth regression formula is, for example, 30% to 70%.
- the fourth regression equation is used for the air conditioner 1 whose refrigerant shortage rate is in the range of 20% to 30%
- the refrigerant shortage rate is calculated to be 20%.
- the fifth regression equation is used for the same air conditioner 1, the refrigerant shortage rate is calculated to be 30%.
- the operating state amount (the operating state amount affected by the change in the refrigerant amount when the refrigerant shortage amount (refrigerant shortage rate) is low (Opening degree of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 and degree of subcooling of the indoor unit 3), operating state quantity (outdoor unit expansion valve 14 and suction superheat)) are small, and it is difficult to estimate the change in the refrigerant shortage rate between 20% and 30%. Therefore, if the fourth regression equation or the fifth regression equation is used independently, which model should be used as shown in FIG. It should be noted that the refrigerant shortage rate differs depending on the
- the first estimation model 73D for heating and the second estimation model 73E for heating described above can be used by switching according to the amount of refrigerant remaining in the refrigerant circuit 6. For example, immediately after the air conditioner 1 is installed, the refrigerant shortage rate can be estimated to be almost zero, so the first heating estimation model 73D can be used. Then, when it is confirmed by the first heating estimation model 73D that the refrigerant shortage rate has increased, the estimation model is switched to the second heating estimation model 73E.
- the above estimation model switching can be performed by the control unit of the air conditioner 1, or can be performed manually.
- the third heating estimation model 73F is generated by combining the first heating estimation model 73D and the second heating estimation model 73E. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7B, the third heating estimation model 73F (heating-time refrigerant shortage calculation formula) is the estimation result of the first heating estimation model 73D (fourth regression formula).
- a sigmoid curve using a sigmoid coefficient continuously connects a certain refrigerant shortage rate and the refrigerant shortage rate that is the estimation result of the second heating estimation model 73E (fifth regression equation). More specifically, the refrigerant shortage rate calculation formula for heating is (sigmoid coefficient x refrigerant shortage rate obtained by the fifth regression formula) + ((1-sigmoid coefficient) x refrigerant shortage obtained by the fourth regression formula rate).
- the control unit 74 substitutes the current operating state quantity acquired by the acquiring unit 71 into the fourth regression equation and the fifth regression equation, and adds the calculated refrigerant shortage rate to the heating-time refrigerant shortage calculation formula. By substituting, the current refrigerant shortage rate of the refrigerant circuit 6 is calculated.
- the calculation of the sigmoid coefficient uses one of the operating state quantities in the same way as during cooling operation.
- the opening degree of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 is used to calculate the sigmoid coefficient p.
- the degree of opening of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 is an operating state quantity used in either the fourth regression equation or the fifth regression equation for estimating the refrigerant shortage rate during heating operation.
- the refrigerant shortage rate is 0% to 20%, that is, when the refrigerant shortage rate is in the third range, the third When the estimated value of the first heating estimation model 73D is dominant in the estimated value of the heating estimation model 73F, and the refrigerant shortage rate is 30% to 70%, that is, when the refrigerant shortage rate is in the fourth range. , the estimated value of the second heating estimation model 73E is dominant in the estimated value of the third heating estimation model 73F.
- the calculation of the sigmoid coefficient is not limited to the method described above, and when the actual refrigerant shortage rate is 20% or more, that is, when the actual refrigerant shortage rate is not in the third range, the third heating estimation model In the estimated value by 73F, the estimated value of the second heating estimation model 73E is dominant, and when the actual refrigerant shortage rate is 30% or less, that is, the actual refrigerant shortage rate is the fourth If it is not within the range, the sigmoid coefficient should be determined such that the estimated value of the first heating estimation model 73D is dominant in the estimated value of the third heating estimation model 73F.
- the refrigerant shortage rate can be estimated using a regression formula (first regression formula, second regression formula) according to the refrigerant shortage rate.
- the refrigerant shortage rate may be estimated using a cooling-time refrigerant shortage calculation formula that includes the first regression formula and the second regression formula.
- the first regression equation and the second regression equation properly, for example, if the degree of refrigerant subcooling during cooling is a value greater than the first threshold value (Tv1 in FIGS. 6A and 6B), the first choose a regression equation for . Further, when the degree of subcooling of the refrigerant during cooling is equal to or less than the first threshold, the second regression formula is selected.
- the degree of subcooling of the refrigerant during cooling is a value near the first threshold value
- the estimated value of the refrigerant shortage rate changes discontinuously depending on which regression equation is used.
- the switching as described above is unnecessary. Further, if a formula for calculating the refrigerant shortage rate during cooling that includes the first regression formula and the second regression formula is selected, even if the degree of refrigerant subcooling is near the first threshold, the refrigerant shortage rate during cooling can be estimated continuously.
- the refrigerant shortage rate can be estimated using a regression equation (fourth regression equation, fifth regression equation) according to the refrigerant shortage rate.
- the refrigerant shortage rate may be estimated using a heating-time refrigerant shortage calculation formula that includes the fourth regression formula and the fifth regression formula.
- the fourth regression equation and the fifth regression equation properly, for example, when the degree of opening of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 during heating is less than the second threshold (Tv2 in FIGS. 7A and 7B), the fourth Choose a regression equation for . Further, when the degree of opening of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 during heating is equal to or greater than the second threshold, the fifth regression equation is selected.
- the degree of opening of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 during heating is a value near the second threshold value
- the estimated value of the refrigerant shortage rate changes discontinuously depending on which regression equation is used.
- the formula for calculating the refrigerant shortage rate during heating that includes the fourth regression formula and the fifth regression formula
- the switching as described above is not necessary. Further, if a formula for calculating the refrigerant shortage rate during heating that includes the fourth regression formula and the fifth regression formula is selected, even if the degree of opening of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 is near the second threshold, can be continuously estimated.
- FIG. 9 is a flow chart showing an example of the processing operation of the control circuit 70 related to the estimation process.
- the control circuit 70 includes a first cooling estimation model 73A, a second cooling estimation model 73B, a third cooling estimation model 73C, a first heating estimation model 73D, a second heating estimation model 73D, and a second estimation model 73D for heating. It is assumed that a heating estimation model 73E and a third heating estimation model 73F are held.
- the control unit 74 in the control circuit 70 collects driving state quantities as driving data through the acquisition unit 71 (step S11).
- the control unit 74 executes data filtering processing for extracting arbitrary operating state quantities from the collected operating data (step S12).
- the control unit 74 executes data cleansing processing (step S13).
- the estimation unit 74A in the control unit 74 calculates the current refrigerant shortage rate of the refrigerant circuit 6 using each regression equation or each refrigerant shortage rate calculation formula (step S14), and ends the processing operation shown in FIG. .
- the data filtering process does not use all of the plurality of operating state quantities, but only some of the operating state quantities required to calculate the refrigerant shortage rate based on predetermined filter conditions. to extract By substituting data-filtered operating state quantities (excluding abnormal values and outliers) into the regression equations and refrigerant shortage calculation formulas of the generated estimation model, the refrigerant shortage rate can be calculated more accurately. can be estimated.
- the predetermined filter conditions have a first filter condition, a second filter condition, and a third filter condition.
- the first filter condition is, for example, a filter condition for data extracted in common for all operation modes of the air conditioner 1 .
- the second filter condition is a filter condition for data extracted during cooling operation.
- a third filter condition is a filter condition for data extracted during heating operation.
- the first filter conditions are, for example, the drive state of the compressor 11, the identification of the operation mode, the exclusion of special operation, the exclusion of missing values in the acquired values, and the operation state quantity that greatly affects the generation of each regression equation. Exclusion of values with a large amount (selection of values with a small amount of change), and the like.
- the drive state of the compressor 11 is a drive state quantity necessary for estimating the refrigerant shortage rate. As a condition for estimating the refrigerant shortage rate, it is necessary that the compressor 11 operates stably (that the amount of refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit 6 is stable). Therefore, it is necessary to exclude the operating state quantity detected during a transitional period (state in which the amount of refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit 6 is unstable) such as when the compressor 11 is started. A data filtering process is provided to do this.
- the identification of the operating mode is a filter condition for extracting only the operating state quantities acquired during cooling operation and heating operation. Therefore, the operating state quantities acquired during the dehumidifying operation and the blowing operation are excluded.
- Exclusion of special operation is, for example, a filter condition for excluding the operating state quantity acquired during special operation such as oil recovery operation or defrosting operation in which the state of the refrigerant circuit 6 is significantly different from that during cooling operation or heating operation. .
- Elimination of missing values means that if there is a missing value in the operating state quantity used to determine the refrigerant shortage rate, the accuracy may decrease if each regression equation is generated using the operating state quantity. It is a filter condition for excluding driving state quantities that include values.
- Selection of a value with a small change amount for the operating state quantity to be substituted into each regression equation and each refrigerant shortage rate calculation formula means that the operating state of the air conditioner 1 is stable (the amount of refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit 6 is stable), and is a condition necessary to improve the estimation accuracy by each regression equation and each refrigerant shortage rate calculation equation.
- the operating state quantity that greatly affects the estimation accuracy is, for example, when the refrigerant shortage rate during cooling operation is low (for example, when it is 0 to 30%).
- the second filter conditions include, for example, elimination of heat exchange outlet temperature, abnormal subcooling, and abnormal discharge temperature.
- Exclusion of the heat exchange outlet temperature is achieved by arranging the outside air temperature sensor 36 and the heat exchange outlet temperature sensor 35 close to each other, so that the heat exchange outlet temperature detected by the heat exchange outlet temperature sensor 35 during the cooling operation is equal to the outside air temperature.
- This is a filter condition that considers that the temperature does not fall below the outside air temperature detected by the sensor 36, and is a filter condition that excludes a heat exchange outlet temperature that is lower than the outside air temperature.
- a subcooling abnormality is a filter condition that excludes when an abnormally high or extremely low degree of refrigerant supercooling is detected due to an extremely large or small cooling load.
- Abnormal discharge temperature is a filter condition for excluding the discharge temperature detected during a so-called gas shortage state in which the amount of refrigerant sucked into the compressor 11 decreases due to a small cooling load.
- the third filter condition is, for example, an abnormality in the discharge temperature.
- the discharge temperature protection control is executed, for example, the discharge temperature is lowered by reducing the rotation speed of the compressor 11, so at this time is a filter condition for excluding the discharge temperature detected in
- the data cleansing process does not use all the acquired operating state quantities for estimating the refrigerant shortage rate, but is a process for excluding operating state quantities that may lead to erroneous estimation.
- noise suppression, data number limitation, and the like are performed by smoothing the acquired driving state quantity.
- Noise suppression by data smoothing is a process of suppressing noise by calculating the average value of the corresponding interval and taking the moving average of, for example, the refrigerant subcooling degree, the suction temperature, and the suction refrigerant superheating degree in each model.
- Data number restriction is, for example, a process of excluding data with a small number of data due to low reliability.
- the refrigerant shortage rate can be estimated more accurately by substituting the operating state quantities excluding abnormal values and outstanding values into each regression equation and each refrigerant shortage rate calculation formula of the estimation model.
- the degree of supercooling of the indoor unit 3 is the detected temperature of the liquid side refrigerant temperature sensor 61 of the indoor unit 3 and the outdoor unit A high pressure saturation temperature of 2 will be used for the calculation.
- the high-pressure saturation temperature of the outdoor unit 2 is a value obtained by converting the sensor value of the discharge pressure sensor 31 inside the outdoor unit 2 .
- each sensor value (detected temperature of the liquid side refrigerant temperature sensor 61 of the indoor unit 3 and pressure value of the discharge pressure sensor 31 of the outdoor unit 2) It is necessary to use sensor values whose detection times are as close as possible (hereinafter also referred to as sensor values near the same detection time). Therefore, a mechanism for obtaining the detected temperature of the liquid-side refrigerant temperature sensor 61 and the pressure value of the discharge pressure sensor 31 near the same detection time is required.
- a sensor value editing process is required to acquire the sensor value of the discharge pressure sensor 31 of the outdoor unit 2 and the sensor value of the liquid-side refrigerant temperature sensor 61 of the indoor unit 3 near the same detection time in association with each other. becomes.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the sensor value editing process.
- the sensor value editing process shown in FIG. 8 is a process executed by the control circuit 70 of the centralized controller 7, for example.
- the control circuit 70 of the centralized controller 7 for example.
- the indoor units 3 in operation are denoted by, for example, “indoor unit “#1””, “indoor unit “#2””, and “indoor unit “#3””.
- the outdoor-side control unit 19C transfers the outdoor-side detection result being stored in the outdoor-side storage unit 19B to the centralized controller 7.
- the indoor controller 65C transfers the indoor detection result being stored in the indoor storage 65B to the centralized controller 7 via the outdoor unit controller 19 .
- Transfer of detection results from each indoor unit 3 or outdoor unit 2 to the centralized controller 7 is performed only when there is a change in the detection result (sensor value).
- the outdoor control unit 19C and the indoor control unit 65C compare the previous detection result and the current detection result, and if there is a change (for example, the operation mode changes, the operation on/off changes, the temperature of the sensor changes, etc.)
- the detection result is transferred to the centralized controller 7 .
- the detection result transferred to the centralized controller 7 is associated with the time (detection time) when the change in the detection result is detected in each of the indoor units 3 and the outdoor units 2 .
- the acquisition unit 71 in the control circuit 70 of the centralized controller 7 acquires the sensor value detected by the discharge pressure sensor 31 and the detection time from the outdoor unit 2 . Moreover, a case where the sensor value detected by the liquid-side refrigerant temperature sensor 61 and the detection time are acquired from each indoor unit 3 is illustrated.
- the left diagram in FIG. 8 shows the sensor values before the sensor value editing process, and the right diagram shows the sensor values after the sensor value editing process.
- the control unit 74 in the control circuit 70 acquires the detection time and each sensor value for each detection time, and stores them sequentially, as shown in the left diagram of FIG.
- each indoor unit 3 and outdoor unit 2 transfers the detection result to the centralized controller 7 when the detection result changes. Therefore, the intervals at which the centralized controller 7 acquires detection results from the indoor units 3 and the outdoor units 2 are irregular. Therefore, "sensor value change" in FIG. It is shown that. Further, “no change” in FIG. 8 indicates that the sensor value at the detection time has not changed compared to the previous sensor value (the centralized controller 7 has not obtained the detection result from each indoor unit 3 or outdoor unit 2). indicates the case.
- the control unit 74 can refer to the storage contents shown in the left figure and recognize each sensor value of the outdoor unit 2 and the indoor unit 3 at each detection time.
- the control unit 74 creates a data set for the entire air conditioner 1 (unit) based on the sensor values of the outdoor unit 2 and each indoor unit 3 at each detection time in the left figure.
- the data set is a time (for example, "time after processing" in FIG. 8, hereinafter also referred to as representative time) carved at a certain time interval (for example, every 5 minutes) and a and each representative sensor value. For example, sensor values detected between a predetermined representative time and the representative time five minutes later are determined to be sensor values near the representative time, and the sensor values near the representative time are sequentially edited to create a data set. ,Remember.
- the control unit 74 acquires the sensor values at the detection times "0:00", “0:01” and "0:03".
- the control unit 74 determines the representative sensor value using the sensor values at the detection times "0:00", “0:01” and "0:03" near the representative time "0:05”.
- the control unit 74 when determining the representative sensor value of the outdoor unit 2 at the representative time “0:05”, the control unit 74 first It is determined whether or not there is a "sensor value change" in the sensor values of . Next, when there is a "sensor value change", the control unit 74 sets the sensor value of the "sensor value change” at the earliest time "0:00” among the sensor values at the detection times to the representative time "0:00", for example. 05” is determined as the representative sensor value of the outdoor unit 2. Similarly, when determining the representative sensor value of the “indoor unit #1” at the representative time “0:05”, the control unit 74 first detects the detection times “0:00”, “0:01” and “0:03”.
- the control unit 74 selects the sensor value of the earliest "sensor value change” among the sensor values at the detection time, for example, the sensor value of the "indoor unit change” at the representative time "0:05”. #1” representative sensor value.
- the control unit 74 first detects the detection times “0:00”, “0:01” and “0:03”. ” has a “sensor value change” in the sensor value of “indoor unit #2”.
- the control unit 74 selects the sensor value of the earliest "sensor value change” among the sensor values at the detection time, for example, the sensor value of the "indoor unit change” at the representative time "0:05". #2” is determined as the representative sensor value.
- the control unit 74 first detects the detection times “0:00”, “0:01” and “0:03”. ” has a “sensor value change” in the sensor value of “indoor unit #3”.
- control unit 74 selects the sensor value of the earliest "sensor value change” among the sensor values at the detection time, for example, the sensor value of the "indoor unit change" at the representative time "0:05". #3” is determined as the representative sensor value.
- control unit 74 determines, for example, the representative sensor value at the representative time "0:10” will be described.
- the control unit 74 determines the representative sensor value using the sensor values at the detection times "0:06" and "0:09” near the representative time "0:10". For example, when the controller 74 determines the representative sensor value of the outdoor unit 2 at the representative time "0:10", first, the sensors of the outdoor unit 2 at the detection times "0:06" and "0:09” Determine if there is a "sensor value change" in the value.
- the control unit 74 sets the sensor value as "no change” and sets the sensor value of the outdoor unit 2 at the immediately preceding representative time "0:05” as the "previous sensor value”.
- the representative sensor value of the outdoor unit 2 at the representative time “0:10” is determined.
- the control unit 74 determines the detection times “0:06” and “0:06” near the representative time “0:10”. : 09” determines whether or not there is a “sensor value change” in the sensor value of “indoor unit #1”.
- the control unit 74 sets the representative sensor value of “indoor unit #1” at the immediately preceding representative time “0:05” as the “no change” sensor value to the “previous The representative sensor value of “indoor unit #1” at the representative time “0:10” is determined as the “sensor value”. Further, for example, when determining the representative sensor value of the “indoor unit #2” at the representative time “0:10”, the control unit 74 determines the detection times “0:06” and “ It is determined whether or not there is a "sensor value change" in the sensor value of "indoor unit #2" at "0:09".
- the control unit 74 detects the sensor value of the earliest "sensor value change” among the sensor values at the detection times, for example, the sensor value of the earliest "sensor value change” at the representative time “0:10". #2” is determined as the representative sensor value. Further, when determining the representative sensor value of “indoor unit #3” at the representative time “0:10”, the control unit 74 detects the detection times “0:06” and “0:06” near the representative time “0:10”. It is determined whether or not there is a "sensor value change" in the sensor value of "indoor unit #3" of "09".
- the control unit 74 detects the sensor value of the earliest "sensor value change” among the sensor values at the detection times, for example, the sensor value of the earliest "sensor value change” at the representative time "0:10". #3” is determined as the representative sensor value.
- control unit 74 determines, for example, the representative sensor value at the representative time "0:15". Between the time “0:11" and the time "0:15", there is no change in any sensor value, so the control unit 74 does not acquire the sensor value. Therefore, there are no sensor values near the representative time "0:15". In this case, each representative sensor value at the immediately preceding representative time "0:10" is determined as the representative sensor value at the representative time "0:15".
- the control unit 74 determines the representative sensor value using the sensor values at the detection times "0:27” and "0:28" near the representative time "0:30". For example, when determining the representative sensor value of the outdoor unit 2 at the representative time "0:30", the control unit 74 first determines the representative sensor values of the outdoor unit 2 at the detection times "0:27” and "0:28". Determines whether or not there is a "sensor value change” in the Next, since there is no “sensor value change”, the control unit 74 sets the representative sensor value of the outdoor unit 2 at the immediately previous representative time “0:25” as the “previous sensor value” as the “no change” sensor value. is determined as the representative sensor value of the outdoor unit 2 at the representative time "0:30".
- the control unit 74 determines the detection times “0:27” and “ It is determined whether or not there is a "sensor value change” in the sensor value of "indoor unit #1” at "0:28”. Next, since there is no “sensor value change”, the control unit 74 sets the representative sensor value of “indoor unit #1” at the immediately preceding representative time “0:25” as the “no change” sensor value to the “previous The sensor value” is determined as the representative sensor value of “indoor unit #1” at the representative time “0:30”.
- the control unit 74 determines the detection times “0:27” and “ It is determined whether or not there is a “sensor value change” in the sensor value of “indoor unit #2” at “0:28”. When there is a "sensor value change”, the control unit 74 determines, for example, the sensor value of the earliest "sensor value change” as the representative sensor value of "indoor unit #2” at the representative time "0:30".
- the control unit 74 determines the detection times “0:27” and “ It is determined whether or not there is a “sensor value change” in the sensor value of “indoor unit #3” at “0:28”. When there is a "sensor value change”, the control unit 74 determines, for example, the sensor value of the earliest "sensor value change” as the representative sensor value of "indoor unit #3” at the representative time "0:30".
- the control unit 74 edits the sensor values of the outdoor unit 2 and each indoor unit 3 for each representative time, and stores the edited sensor values of the outdoor unit 2 and each indoor unit 3 as representative sensor values.
- the control unit 74 deletes unnecessary sensor values other than the edited sensor values of the indoor units 2 and 3 from the storage unit. Thus, the operating data of the air conditioner 1 is collected.
- the collected operating data is used to calculate the refrigerant shortage rate after being subjected to the data filtering process and data cleansing process shown in FIG.
- the control unit 74 determines that the sensor value of the discharge pressure sensor 31 near the representative time is A representative sensor value for each indoor unit 3 is obtained by referring to the sensor value and the sensor value of the liquid-side refrigerant temperature sensor 61 .
- the control unit 74 calculates the high pressure saturation temperature at the representative time, so that the representative sensor value of the discharge pressure sensor 31 at the representative time and the Based on the average value of the representative sensor values of the liquid-side refrigerant temperature sensor 61, the degree of supercooling of the indoor unit 3 at each representative time is calculated. Then, the controller 74 can calculate the refrigerant shortage rate of the refrigerant circuit 6 at the representative time using the calculated degree of subcooling of the indoor unit 3 at the representative time and the third heating estimation model 73F.
- the feature quantities used when generating the first to sixth regression equations by multiple regression analysis include, for example, the degree of subcooling of the refrigerant, the outside air temperature , the high-pressure saturation temperature, the rotation speed of the compressor 11, and the intake temperature. For each of these operating state quantities, results obtained by simulation are used.
- the feature quantities of the multiple regression analysis include, for example, the degree of subcooling of the indoor unit 3, the indoor temperature, the degree of suction superheat, the outside air temperature, the compressor 11
- Each operating state quantity such as the rotational speed and the degree of opening of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 is used. For each of these operating state quantities, results obtained by simulation are used.
- the air conditioner 1 As an example, when four indoor units 3 are operating, a simulation is performed with different outside air temperatures, and the relationship between the feature amount and the refrigerant shortage rate is determined for each simulation. to get to.
- the outside air temperature is changed to 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, and 40°C.
- other parameters such as the outside air temperature may be added, and for example, the number of operating indoor units 3 may be varied from 1 to 4.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of simulation results regarding the relationship between the degree of refrigerant subcooling on the refrigerant outlet side and the refrigerant shortage rate in the outdoor heat exchanger during cooling operation.
- the degree of refrigerant supercooling shown in FIG. 11 decreases downward when the refrigerant shortage rate is from 0% to 30%, and does not change when the refrigerant shortage rate is from 30% to 60%.
- the refrigerant shortage rate is 0 to 30% during the cooling operation, the shortage of the refrigerant amount in the refrigerant circuit 6 greatly affects the degree of refrigerant subcooling.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of simulation results regarding the relationship between the degree of refrigerant subcooling on the refrigerant outlet side and the refrigerant shortage rate in the outdoor heat exchanger during cooling operation.
- the degree of refrigerant supercooling shown in FIG. 11 decreases downward when the refrigerant shortage rate is from 0% to 30%, and does not change
- the refrigerant supercooling degree is a negative value when the refrigerant shortage rate is 60% or more, but in reality, the refrigerant supercooling degree does not become less than 0° C., so this only appears in the simulation. value. Therefore, the degree of refrigerant subcooling when the refrigerant shortage rate is 60% or more is not used in generating the regression equation.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of simulation results regarding the relationship between the intake temperature and the refrigerant shortage rate during cooling operation.
- the suction temperature shown in FIG. 12 tends to increase when the refrigerant shortage rate is 40 to 70%.
- the shortage of the amount of refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 6 greatly affects the value of the suction temperature.
- the suction temperature hardly changes when the refrigerant shortage rate is 70% or more, so it is difficult to estimate the refrigerant shortage rate beyond this point from the suction temperature. Therefore, the suction temperature when the refrigerant shortage rate is 70% or more is not used for generating the regression equation.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of simulation results regarding the relationship between the degree of opening of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 and the refrigerant shortage rate during heating operation.
- the opening degree of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 shown in FIG. 13 changes when the refrigerant shortage rate is 0 to 20%. Almost no change. In other words, when the refrigerant shortage rate during heating operation is 0 to 20%, the shortage of the amount of refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 6 greatly affects the degree of opening of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 . As described above, when the refrigerant shortage rate exceeds 20%, the degree of opening of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 almost disappears. Therefore, the degree of opening of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 when the refrigerant shortage rate exceeds 20% is not used to generate the regression equation.
- FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of simulation results regarding the relationship between the degree of subcooling of the indoor unit 3 and the refrigerant shortage rate during heating operation.
- the degree of supercooling of the indoor unit 3 shown in FIG. 14 changes when the refrigerant shortage rate is 0 to 35%, but when the refrigerant shortage rate exceeds 35%, the degree of supercooling almost does not change.
- the lack of refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 6 greatly affects the degree of supercooling of the indoor unit 3 .
- the refrigerant shortage rate exceeds 35%, the degree of subcooling of the indoor unit 3 almost disappears.
- FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of simulation results regarding the relationship between the suction superheat degree and the refrigerant shortage rate.
- the suction superheat shown in FIG. 15 tends to increase as the refrigerant shortage rate increases, and when the refrigerant shortage rate exceeds 30%, the suction superheat increases significantly. In other words, in a region where the refrigerant shortage rate during heating operation is high (for example, 30%), the shortage of the amount of refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 6 has a large effect on the suction superheat degree.
- the refrigerant shortage rate during heating operation is high (for example, 30%)
- the degree of suction superheat when the refrigerant shortage rate is less than 30% is not used to generate the regression equation.
- FIG. 16A shows the accuracy of the estimated value for each refrigerant shortage rate of the third heating estimation model using only the opening degree of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 during heating operation as the operating state quantity of the first heating estimation model. It is an explanatory view showing a relationship.
- the correction R2 for the estimated value of the refrigerant shortage rate of 0% to 20% in the first heating estimation model using only the opening of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 is 0.29. It should be noted that the closer the correction R2 is to "1", the higher the accuracy of the estimated value.
- the correction R2 is 0.29.
- the closer the correction R2 is to "1” the higher the accuracy of the estimated value.
- the estimated value of the refrigerant shortage rate of 0% to 20% in the first estimation model for heating is 0.51. Therefore, the accuracy of the estimated value of the first heating estimation model is higher when the degree of supercooling of the indoor unit 3 is used than when only the opening of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 is used. Further, if the rotation speed of the compressor 11 is used in addition to the degree of subcooling of the indoor unit 3 during heating operation, the correction R2 of the estimated value of the refrigerant shortage rate of 0% to 20% in the first estimation model for heating is 0. .80, making the estimate even more accurate.
- the expansion of the outdoor unit The opening of valve 14 is used.
- the degree of supercooling of the indoor unit 3 fluctuates greatly when the refrigerant shortage rate is 0 to 20%, as shown in FIG.
- the third heating estimation model 73F can increase the detection accuracy of changes in the refrigerant shortage rate by considering the degree of supercooling of the indoor unit 3 as the operating state quantity when the refrigerant shortage rate is in a low range.
- FIG. 16B is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the accuracy of the estimated value for each refrigerant shortage rate in the third heating operation model 73F of this embodiment.
- the third heating estimation model 73F of the present embodiment as shown in FIG.
- the estimated value for each refrigerant shortage rate is close to the ideal value X, and the refrigerant circuit 6
- the refrigerant shortage rate is 0% to The correction R2 of the estimated value of the first heating estimation model 73D at 20% is 0.92.
- Example 1 ⁇ Effect of Example 1>
- the subcooling degree of the indoor unit 3 is used when generating the fourth regression equation, which is the refrigerant shortage rate estimation model in the range where the refrigerant shortage rate is low during the heating operation.
- the degree of supercooling of the indoor unit 3 whose value varies greatly depending on the refrigerant shortage rate is used.
- the air conditioner 1 When the air conditioner 1 generates the fifth regression equation, which is a refrigerant shortage rate estimation model in a range where the refrigerant shortage rate during heating operation is high, the intake superheat of the compressor 11, the outdoor It is generated by regression analysis using the degree of opening of the machine expansion valve 14 . As a result, in a range where the refrigerant shortage rate is high, it is possible to stably estimate the change in the refrigerant shortage rate during the heating operation.
- the fifth regression equation which is a refrigerant shortage rate estimation model in a range where the refrigerant shortage rate during heating operation is high
- the air conditioner 1 estimates the refrigerant shortage rate during cooling operation using the cooling estimation model and the current operating state quantity during cooling operation, and estimates the heating estimation model and the current operating state quantity during heating operation. Using the operating state quantity, the refrigerant shortage rate during heating operation is estimated. As a result, by using different estimation models for each operating state, the refrigerant shortage rate can be estimated with high accuracy.
- the air conditioner 1 substitutes the current operating state quantity into a third heating estimation model 73F that connects the first heating estimation model 73D and the second heating estimation model 73E by a sigmoid curve,
- the refrigerant shortage rate during heating operation can be estimated with high accuracy.
- the first heating estimation model 73D estimates the refrigerant shortage rate using the degree of opening of the outdoor unit expansion valve 14 and the degree of subcooling of the indoor unit 3 as operating state quantities. As a result, the air conditioner 1 can accurately estimate the refrigerant shortage rate during the heating operation.
- the second heating estimation model 73E estimates the refrigerant shortage rate using the degree of suction superheat of the compressor 11 as the operating state quantity. As a result, the air conditioner 1 can accurately estimate the refrigerant shortage rate during the heating operation.
- the third heating estimation model 73F interpolates between the estimation result of the first heating estimation model 73D and the estimation result of the second heating estimation model 73E using a sigmoid curve. As a result, the refrigerant shortage rate can be accurately estimated within the range of 0 to 70% for the refrigerant shortage rate during the heating operation.
- each regression equation of the estimation model is generated using the feature values obtained by the simulation. not Data filtering processing and data cleansing processing are performed on each regression equation and each refrigerant shortage rate calculation formula of the estimation model generated using such feature values that do not include abnormal values and outstanding values, and abnormal values and outstanding values By substituting the operating state quantity excluding , the refrigerant shortage rate can be estimated more accurately.
- the simulation result of each operating state quantity is obtained at the design stage of the air conditioner 1, and the estimation model obtained by learning the simulation result in a terminal such as a server having a learning function is controlled.
- a terminal such as a server having a learning function
- the circuit 70 stores in advance is illustrated.
- a server 120 that connects with the air conditioner 1 via the communication network 110, and this server 120 generates the first to sixth regression equations and transmits them to the air conditioner 1. may This embodiment will be described below.
- FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the air conditioning system 100 of the second embodiment.
- the air conditioning system 100 shown in FIG. 17 has an air conditioner main body 1A, a centralized controller 7, a communication network 110, and a server 120.
- the air conditioner body 1A has an outdoor unit 2 having a compressor 11, an outdoor heat exchanger 13 and an outdoor unit expansion valve 14, and an indoor unit 3 having an indoor heat exchanger 51.
- the air conditioner main body 1A includes a refrigerant circuit 6 configured by connecting an outdoor unit 2 and an indoor unit 3 with refrigerant pipes such as a liquid pipe 4 and a gas pipe 5, and the refrigerant circuit 6 is filled with a predetermined amount of refrigerant. be done.
- the centralized controller 7 connects the air conditioner body 1A and the communication network 110 by communication.
- the centralized controller 7 has a monitor section 80 that displays the state of the air conditioner body 1A including the outdoor unit 2 and the indoor unit 3, and a control circuit 70 that controls the entire air conditioner body 1A.
- the server 120 has an estimation unit 121 and a transmission unit 122 .
- the estimating unit 121 estimates the refrigerant shortage rate using an estimation model generated using the multiple regression analysis method using the operating state quantity related to the estimation of the refrigerant shortage rate of the refrigerant charged in the refrigerant circuit 6.
- the estimation models are, for example, the first cooling estimation model 73A, the second cooling estimation model 73B, the third cooling estimation model 73C, the first heating estimation model 73D, It has a second heating estimation model 73E and a third heating estimation model 73F.
- the transmission unit 122 transmits the estimation result estimated by the estimation unit 121 to the centralized controller 7 via the communication network 110 .
- the control circuit 70 in the centralized controller 7 uses the received estimation result to display the refrigerant shortage rate in the refrigerant circuit 6 of the air conditioner 1 to the user.
- the server 120 of the second embodiment estimates the refrigerant shortage rate using the current operating state quantity. As a result, the user can confirm the refrigerant shortage rate of the air conditioner 1 via the centralized controller 7 .
- the case of estimating the relative amount of refrigerant as representing the amount of refrigerant remaining in the refrigerant circuit 6 has been described.
- the case of estimating and providing the refrigerant shortage rate which is the ratio of the amount of refrigerant leaking from the refrigerant circuit 6 to the charging amount (initial value) when the refrigerant circuit 6 is filled with refrigerant, has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the estimated refrigerant shortage rate may be multiplied by an initial value to provide the amount of refrigerant leaking from the refrigerant circuit 6 to the outside.
- the absolute amount of refrigerant leaking from the refrigerant circuit 6 to the outside or the absolute amount of refrigerant remaining in the refrigerant circuit 6 may be estimated.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 13 and The volume of each indoor heat exchanger 1 and the volume of the liquid pipe 4 may be taken into consideration.
- the estimation result of the first heating estimation model 73D and the estimation result of the second heating estimation model 73E are interpolated by the sigmoid coefficient. It is not limited, and for example, an interpolation method such as linear interpolation may be used, and can be changed as appropriate.
- the presumed model was used that was generated in advance. However, it may be generated by the server 120 .
- the server 120 An estimation model for estimating the refrigerant shortage rate may be generated.
- machine learning methods such as SVR (Support Vector Regression) and NN (Neural Network) that can perform general regression analysis may be used to generate an estimation model.
- general methods of selecting feature quantities to improve the accuracy of the estimation model can be used.
- control unit 74 that executes the sensor value editing process determines whether or not there is a "sensor value change" when there are a plurality of sensor values near the representative time.
- the case where the sensor value of "sensor value change” at the time is determined as the representative sensor value is illustrated. However, it is not limited to the "sensor value change” at the earliest time. For example, it may be the average value of the sensor values of the "sensor value change” or the "sensor value” at the latest time, which can be changed as appropriate. be.
- the control unit 74 has exemplified a case where, when each sensor value at a detection time near the representative time has not been acquired, the representative sensor value at the immediately preceding representative time is determined as the representative sensor value at the representative time.
- the control unit 74 is not limited to the representative sensor value at the immediately preceding representative time, and may use, for example, the sensor value of the immediately preceding “sensor value change”, which can be changed as appropriate.
- each component of each part shown in the figure is physically configured as shown in the figure.
- the specific form of distribution and integration of each part is not limited to the one shown in the figure, and all or part of it can be functionally or physically distributed and integrated in arbitrary units according to various loads and usage conditions. can be configured as
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- MPU Micro Processing Unit
- MCU Micro Controller Unit
- processing functions may be executed in whole or in part on a program analyzed and executed by a CPU (or a microcomputer such as an MPU or MCU) or on hardware based on wired logic. Needless to say.
- the refrigerant shortage rate which is the relative amount of refrigerant
- the refrigerant shortage rate means the rate of decrease of the refrigerant from the specified amount.
- the refrigerant filling rate may be used instead of the refrigerant decrease rate.
- the reference amount (specified amount) used to express the refrigerant shortage rate and filling rate was set to a predetermined amount of refrigerant, but instead of this, the amount of refrigerant actually filled in the refrigerant circuit is the reference amount (specified amount).
- the reference amount (specified amount) can be regarded as In this case, for example, even if the amount of refrigerant actually charged in the refrigerant circuit 6 is less (or more) than the predetermined specified amount, this amount of refrigerant can be made 100%.
- the amount of refrigerant actually charged as the reference amount in this manner the refrigerant shortage rate for each refrigerant circuit can be estimated more accurately.
- a refrigerant amount which is an absolute index, may be used instead of a relative index (ratio).
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本実施例の空気調和機1の一例を示す説明図である。図1に示す空気調和機1は、1台の室外機2と、N台の室内機3と、各室内機3を個別に制御する個別制御手段としての個別コントローラ(不図示)と、室外機2及び室内機3の状態(例えば後述する運転情報など)の表示と制御を行う集中制御手段としての集中コントローラ7とを有する(Nは2上の自然数)。室外機2は、液管4及びガス管5で並列に各室内機3と接続する。そして、室外機2と室内機3とが液管4及びガス管5等の冷媒配管で接続することで、空気調和機1の冷媒回路6が形成されている。室内機3は個別コントローラによる使用者からの操作指示を受け付けて室内機3毎に空調運転を実行する。集中コントローラ7は、室外機2及び室内機3を含む空気調和機本体1Aの状態を表示するモニタ部80と、空気調和機本体1Aを制御する制御回路70を有する。
図2は、室外機2およびN台の室内機3の一例を示す説明図である。室外機2は、圧縮機11と、四方弁12と、室外熱交換器13と、室外機膨張弁14と、第1の閉鎖弁15と、第2の閉鎖弁16と、アキュムレータ17と、室外機ファン18と、室外機制御部19とを有する。これら圧縮機11、四方弁12、室外熱交換器13、室外機膨張弁14、第1の閉鎖弁15、第2の閉鎖弁16及びアキュムレータ17を用いて、以下で詳述する各冷媒配管で相互に接続されて冷媒回路6の一部を成す室外側冷媒回路を形成する。
図2に示すように、室内機3は、室内熱交換器51と、室内機膨張弁52と、液管接続部53と、ガス管接続部54と、室内機ファン55と、室内機制御部65とを有する。これら室内熱交換器51、室内機膨張弁52、液管接続部53及びガス管接続部54は、後述する各冷媒配管で相互に接続されて、冷媒回路6の一部を成す室内機冷媒回路を構成する。
次に、本実施形態における空気調和機1の空調運転時の冷媒回路6における冷媒の流れや各部の動作について説明する。尚、図1における矢印は暖房運転時の冷媒の流れを示している。
集中コントローラ7内の制御回路70は、空気調和機1全体を制御する。図4は、集中コントローラ7内の制御回路70の一例を示すブロック図である。制御回路70は、取得部71と、通信部72と、記憶部73と、制御部74とを有する。取得部71は、前述した各種センサのセンサ値を取得する。取得部71は、室外機2内の吐出圧センサ31、吐出温度センサ32、吸入圧力センサ33、吸込温度センサ63、冷媒温度センサ35及び外気温度センサ36のセンサ値を取得する。更に、取得部71は、各室内機3の液側冷媒温度センサ61、ガス側温度センサ62及び吸込温度センサ63のセンサ値を取得する。
推定モデルは、複数の運転状態量の内、任意の運転状態量(特徴量)を用いて、例えば回帰分析法の一種である重回帰分析法を用いて生成されている。複数のシミュレーション結果(数値計算により冷媒回路を再現して、残存する冷媒量の変化(例えば冷媒不足率0%、冷媒不足率10%、冷媒不足率20%・・・)に対して運転状態量がどのような値となるかを計算した結果)を重回帰分析法で分析した結果、複数の回帰式が得られた。この回帰式のうち、P値(生成した推定モデルの精度に運転状態量が与える影響度合いを示す値(所定の重みパラメータ))が小さく、かつ、補正値R2(生成した推定モデルの精度を示す値)が0.9以上1.0以下の間のできるだけ大きい値となる回帰式を推定モデルとして使用する。ここで、P値および補正値R2は、重回帰分析法で推定モデルを生成する際に、当該推定モデルの精度に関わる値であり、P値が小さいほど、また、補正値R2が1.0に近い値であるほど、生成された推定モデルの精度が高くなる。
p:シグモイド係数
sc:サブクール値
p:シグモイド係数
D: 室外機膨張弁14の開度
図9は、推定処理に関わる制御回路70の処理動作の一例を示すフローチャートである。尚、制御回路70は、事前に生成された第1の冷房用推定モデル73A、第2の冷房用推定モデル73B、第3の冷房用推定モデル73C、第1の暖房用推定モデル73D、第2の暖房用推定モデル73E、第3の暖房用推定モデル73Fを保持しているものとする。図9において制御回路70内の制御部74は、取得部71を通じて運転状態量を運転データとして収集する(ステップS11)。制御部74は、収集した運転データから任意の運転状態量を抽出するデータフィルタリング処理を実行する(ステップS12)。制御部74は、データクレンジング処理を実行する(ステップS13)。制御部74内の推定部74Aは、各回帰式又は各冷媒不足率算出式を用いて、現時点の冷媒回路6の冷媒不足率を算出し(ステップS14)、図9に示す処理動作を終了する。
また、室内機3のセンサで検出した運転状態量を推定モデルに使用する場合には様々な課題がある。例えば、室外機2に対して室内機3が複数台接続されている場合には、複数の室内機3の内、運転中の室内機3と、停止中の室内機3とが混在する場合がある。このため、この点を考慮して各室内機3のセンサで検出した運転状態量を用いて推定モデルを使用することになる。
次に第1~第6の回帰式の生成に使用する特徴量について説明する。第1~第3の回帰式を使用する冷房運転時では、重回帰分析法により第1~第6の回帰式の生成を行う際に使用する特徴量として、例えば、冷媒過冷却度、外気温度、高圧飽和温度、圧縮機11の回転数、吸入温度等の各運転状態量を用いる。そして、これら各運転状態量は、シミュレーションにより得た結果を使用する。また、第4~第6の回帰式を使用する暖房運転時では、重回帰分析の特徴量として、例えば、室内機3の過冷却度、室内温度、吸入過熱度、外気温度、圧縮機11の回転数、室外機膨張弁14の開度等の各運転状態量を用いる。そして、これら各運転状態量は、シミュレーションにより得た結果を使用する。
実施例1の空気調和機1では、暖房運転時の冷媒不足率が低い範囲での冷媒不足率推定モデルである第4の回帰式を生成する場合は、室内機3の過冷却度を用いる。その結果、冷媒不足率が低い範囲(例えば0%~20%のとき)において、冷媒不足率に応じて値が大きく変動する室内機3の過冷却度を使用するため、冷媒不足率が低い範囲でも暖房運転時に冷媒不足率の変化を安定して推定できる。
図17は、実施例2の空気調和システム100の一例を示す説明図である。尚、実施例1の空気調和機1と同一の構成には同一符号を付すことで、その重複する構成及び動作の説明については省略する。図17に示す空気調和システム100は、空気調和機本体1Aと、集中コントローラ7と、通信網110と、サーバ120とを有する。空気調和機本体1Aは、圧縮機11、室外熱交換器13及び室外機膨張弁14を有する室外機2と、室内熱交換器51を有する室内機3とを有する。空気調和機本体1Aは、室外機2と室内機3とが液管4及びガス管5等の冷媒配管で接続されて構成する冷媒回路6を備え、当該冷媒回路6に所定量の冷媒が充填される。集中コントローラ7は、空気調和機本体1Aと、通信網110との間を通信で接続する。集中コントローラ7は、室外機2及び室内機3を含む空気調和機本体1Aの状態を表示するモニタ部80と、空気調和機本体1A全体を制御する制御回路70を有する。
実施例2のサーバ120は、現在の運転状態量を用いて、冷媒不足率を推定する。その結果、使用者は集中コントローラ7を介して空気調和機1の冷媒不足率を確認することができる。
尚、本実施例では、例えば、第1の暖房用推定モデル73Dの推定結果と第2の暖房用推定モデル73Eの推定結果との間をシグモイド係数で補間する場合を例示したが、シグモイド係数に限定されるものではなく、例えば、線形補間等の補間方法を使用しても良く、適宜変更可能である。
2 室外機
3 室内機
4 液管
5 ガス管
11 圧縮機
12 四方弁
13 室外熱交換器
14 室外機膨張弁
19 室外機制御部
19A 室外側検出部
19B 室外側記憶部
19C 室外側制御部
51 室内熱交換器
65 室内機制御部
65A 室内側検出部
65B 室内側記憶部
65C 室内側制御部
71 取得部
73D 第1の暖房用推定モデル
73E 第2の暖房用推定モデル
73F 第3の暖房用推定モデル
74 制御部
74A 推定部
Claims (21)
- 圧縮機、室外熱交換器及び膨張弁を有する室外機と、室内熱交換器を有する室内機とを有し、前記室外機と前記室内機とが冷媒配管で接続されて形成される冷媒回路を有し、前記室内熱交換器を前記圧縮機において圧縮される冷媒の凝縮器として、かつ、前記室外熱交換器を前記室内熱交換器において凝縮される冷媒の蒸発器として機能させる暖房運転を少なくとも行うことが可能な空気調和機であって、
前記空気調和機は、
少なくとも前記暖房運転における前記空気調和機の運転状態量を用いて前記冷媒回路に残存する冷媒量を推定する推定部を有し、
前記推定部は、
前記冷媒回路に残存する冷媒量の範囲に対応させた異なる複数の推定モデルを含み、前記複数の推定モデルのうち一つは、前記運転状態量として前記室内側熱交換器の出口における冷媒の過冷却度を用いることを特徴とする空気調和機。 - 前記複数の推定モデルのうち、前記冷媒回路に残存する冷媒量が多い範囲に対応させた推定モデルを第1の推定モデルとし、前記冷媒回路に残存する冷媒量が少ない範囲に対応させた推定モデルを第2の推定モデルとしたとき、前記第1の推定モデルは前記運転状態量として前記室内側熱交換器の出口における冷媒の過冷却度を用いることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の空気調和機。
- 前記第1の推定モデルと前記第2の推定モデルとで構成される推定モデルを第3の推定モデルとしたとき、前記推定部は、前記第3の推定モデルを含む、ことを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の空気調和機。
- 前記室内機は、複数台設置されており、
前記推定部は、
前記室内機のうち、少なくとも2台以上の室内機の室内熱交換器を、前記圧縮機において圧縮される冷媒の凝縮器として機能させる場合に、前記凝縮器として機能する室内熱交換器の出口における冷媒の過冷却度を用いて、前記推定モデルで冷媒量を推定することを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れか一つに記載の空気調和機。 - 前記推定部は、
前記2台以上の室内機のそれぞれの室内熱交換器の出口における冷媒の温度の平均値に基づく過冷却度を用いて、前記冷媒量を推定することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の空気調和機。 - 前記室内機には、
前記室内機の各部の動作を制御する室内側制御部と、前記運転状態量のうち室内機側の運転状態量である室内側運転状態量を検出する室内側検出部と、前記室内側検出部で検出した室内側検出結果を記憶する室内側記憶部と、を備え、
前記室外機には、
前記室外機の各部の動作を制御する室外側制御部と、前記運転状態量のうち室外機側の運転状態量である室外側運転状態量を検出する室外側検出部と、前記室外側検出部で検出した室外側検出結果を記憶する室外側記憶部と、を備え、
前記室内側制御部は、
前記室内側検出結果を、検出時刻と紐づけて前記室内側記憶部に格納し、
前記室外側制御部は、
前記室外側検出結果を、検出時刻と紐づけて前記室内側記憶部に格納する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1~5の何れか一つに記載の空気調和機。 - 前記室内機及び前記室外機の状態を表示する集中制御手段を備え、
前記集中制御手段は、
制御部と、記憶部とを備え、
前記記憶部は、
検出時刻と紐づけられた前記室内側検出結果と、検出時刻と紐づけられた前記室外側検出結果を記憶し、
前記制御部は、
前記室内側検出結果の検出時刻と前記室外側検出結果の検出時刻とが所定範囲内にあるとき、前記室内側検出結果と前記室外側検出結果を新たな時刻とを紐づけて前記記憶部に格納することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の空気調和機。 - 前記室内側検出部は、
前記室内熱交換器の出口における冷媒の温度を前記室内側検出結果として検出する第1のセンサを含み、
前記室内側検出部は、
前記室外熱交換器の高圧飽和温度を前記室外側検出結果として検出する第2のセンサを含み、
前記推定部は、
前記室内側検出結果の検出時刻と前記室外側検出結果の検出時刻とが所定範囲内にある前記室内側検出結果及び前記室外側検出結果を用いて算出した前記過冷却度を用いて前記冷媒量を推定することを特徴とする請求項6~7の何れか一つに記載の空気調和機。 - 前記推定部は、
前記室内機のうち、少なくとも2台以上の室内機の室内熱交換器を、前記圧縮機において圧縮される前記冷媒の凝縮器として機能させる場合に、前記2台以上の室内機のそれぞれの前記第1のセンサが検出した検出結果の平均値に基づく過冷却度を用いて前記冷媒量を推定することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の空気調和機。 - 前記推定モデルは、
前記冷媒回路に残存する冷媒量として、前記冷媒回路から減少した冷媒の割合を示す冷媒不足率を推定する推定モデルであることを特徴とする請求項1~9の何れか一つに記載の空気調和機。 - 圧縮機、室外熱交換器及び膨張弁を有する室外機と、室内熱交換器を有する室内機とを有し、前記室外機と前記室内機とが冷媒配管で接続されて形成される冷媒回路を有し、前記室内熱交換器を前記圧縮機において圧縮される冷媒の凝縮器として、かつ、前記室外熱交換器を前記室内熱交換器において凝縮される冷媒の蒸発器として機能させる暖房運転を少なくとも行うことが可能な空気調和機と、前記空気調和機と通信で接続するサーバとを有する空気調和システムであって、
前記サーバは、
少なくとも前記暖房運転における前記空気調和機の運転状態量を用いて前記冷媒回路に残存する冷媒量を推定する推定部を有し、
前記推定部は、
前記冷媒回路に残存する冷媒量の範囲に対応させた異なる複数の推定モデルを含み、前記複数の推定モデルのうち一つは、前記暖房運転における前記空気調和機の運転状態量として前記室内側熱交換器の出口における冷媒の過冷却度を用いることを特徴とする空気調和システム。 - 前記複数の推定モデルのうち、前記冷媒回路に残存する冷媒量が多い範囲に対応させた推定モデルを第1の推定モデルとし、前記冷媒回路に残存する冷媒量が少ない範囲に対応させた推定モデルを第2の推定モデルとしたとき、前記第1の推定モデルは前記運転状態量として前記室内側熱交換器の出口における冷媒の過冷却度を用いることを特徴とする、請求項11に記載の空気調和システム。
- 前記第1の推定モデルと前記第2の推定モデルとで構成される推定モデルを第3の推定モデルとしたとき、前記推定部は、前記第3の推定モデルを含む、ことを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の空気調和システム。
- 前記室内機は、複数台設置されており、
前記推定部は、
前記室内機のうち、少なくとも2台以上の室内機の室内熱交換器を、前記圧縮機において圧縮される冷媒の凝縮器として機能させる場合に、前記凝縮器として機能する室内熱交換器の出口における冷媒の過冷却度を用いて、前記推定モデルで冷媒量を推定することを特徴とする請求項11~13の何れか一つに記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記室内機及び前記室外機の状態を表示する集中制御手段を備え、前記空気調和機と前記サーバとが、前記集中制御手段を介して通信で接続される請求項11~14の何れか一つに記載の空気調和システム。
- 前記推定部は、
前記2台以上の室内機のそれぞれの室内熱交換器の出口における冷媒の温度の平均値に基づく過冷却度を用いて、前記冷媒量を推定することを特徴とする請求項14に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記室内機には、
前記室内機の各部の動作を制御する室内側制御部と、前記運転状態量のうち室内機側の運転状態量である室内側運転状態量を検出する室内側検出部と、前記室内側検出部で検出した室内側検出結果を記憶する室内側記憶部と、を備え、
前記室外機には、
前記室外機の各部の動作を制御する室外側制御部と、前記運転状態量のうち室外機側の運転状態量である室外側運転状態量を検出する室外側検出部と、前記室外側検出部で検出した室外側検出結果を記憶する室外側記憶部と、を備え、
前記室内側制御部は、
前記室内側検出結果を、検出時刻と紐づけて前記室内側記憶部に格納し、
前記室外側制御部は、
前記室外側検出結果を、検出時刻と紐づけて前記室内側記憶部に格納する、
ことを特徴とする請求項11~16の何れか一つに記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記集中制御手段は
制御部と、記憶部とを備え、
前記記憶部は、
検出時刻と紐づけられた前記室内側検出結果と、検出時刻と紐づけられた前記室外側検出結果とを記憶し、
前記制御部は、
前記室内側検出結果の検出時刻と前記室外側検出結果の検出時刻とが所定範囲内にあるとき、前記室内側検出結果と前記室外側検出結果とを新たな時刻と紐づけて前記記憶部に格納することを特徴とする請求項17に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記室内側検出部は、
前記室内熱交換器の出口における冷媒の温度を前記室内側検出結果として検出する第1のセンサを含み、
前記室内側検出部は、
前記室外熱交換器の高圧飽和温度を前記室外側検出結果として検出する第2のセンサを含み、
前記推定部は、
前記室内側検出結果の検出時刻と前記室外側検出結果の検出時刻とが所定範囲内にある前記室内側検出結果及び前記室外側検出結果を用いて算出した前記過冷却度を用いて前記冷媒量を推定することを特徴とする請求項17又は18に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記推定部は、
前記室内機のうち、少なくとも2台以上の室内機の室内熱交換器を、前記圧縮機において圧縮される前記冷媒の凝縮器として機能させる場合に、前記2台以上の室内機のそれぞれの前記第1のセンサが検出した検出結果の平均値に基づく過冷却度を用いて前記冷媒量を推定することを特徴とする請求項19に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記推定モデルは、
前記冷媒回路に残存する冷媒量として前記冷媒回路から漏洩した冷媒の割合を示す冷媒不足率を推定する推定モデルであることを特徴とする請求項11~20の何れか一つに記載の空気調和システム。
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