WO2022024660A1 - 空気調和機 - Google Patents
空気調和機 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022024660A1 WO2022024660A1 PCT/JP2021/025010 JP2021025010W WO2022024660A1 WO 2022024660 A1 WO2022024660 A1 WO 2022024660A1 JP 2021025010 W JP2021025010 W JP 2021025010W WO 2022024660 A1 WO2022024660 A1 WO 2022024660A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- heat exchange
- temperature
- air conditioner
- heat exchanger
- Prior art date
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- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 299
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
- F24F11/49—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring ensuring correct operation, e.g. by trial operation or configuration checks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/10—Temperature
- F24F2110/12—Temperature of the outside air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2140/00—Control inputs relating to system states
- F24F2140/20—Heat-exchange fluid temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/031—Sensor arrangements
- F25B2313/0314—Temperature sensors near the indoor heat exchanger
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/031—Sensor arrangements
- F25B2313/0315—Temperature sensors near the outdoor heat exchanger
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/19—Calculation of parameters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/24—Low amount of refrigerant in the system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/02—Compressor control
- F25B2600/025—Compressor control by controlling speed
- F25B2600/0253—Compressor control by controlling speed with variable speed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/17—Speeds
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/17—Speeds
- F25B2700/171—Speeds of the compressor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2103—Temperatures near a heat exchanger
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2106—Temperatures of fresh outdoor air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
- F25B2700/21152—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the discharge side of the compressor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an air conditioner.
- Patent Document 1 An air conditioner that determines the amount of refrigerant using the amount of operating condition that can be detected by the refrigerant circuit has been proposed.
- the degree of supercooling at the outlet of the condenser is used in a state where the degree of superheat at the outlet of the evaporator of the refrigerant circuit during the cooling cycle and the pressure of the evaporator are set to predetermined values (hereinafter referred to as the default state).
- the amount of refrigerant is determined.
- a sensor that measures the amount of operating condition is required when determining the amount of refrigerant using the amount of operating condition such as the degree of supercooling.
- the amount of refrigerant such as the degree of supercooling.
- the degree of supercooling can be calculated using the sensor values of the temperature sensors at the heat exchange intermediate and heat exchange outlets for the indoor heat exchanger and the outdoor heat exchanger, respectively.
- the sensor mounted on the air conditioner is an air conditioner from the viewpoint of cost reduction. It will be limited to the minimum necessary for driving.
- a sensor for detecting the refrigerant temperature in the middle portion of the indoor heat exchanger and a refrigerant temperature on the refrigerant outlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger are detected.
- an object of the present invention to provide an air conditioner capable of estimating the amount of refrigerant remaining in the refrigerant circuit (hereinafter referred to as the amount of residual refrigerant) even when only a limited number of sensors are provided.
- One embodiment of the air conditioner has a refrigerant circuit configured by connecting an indoor unit having an indoor heat exchanger to an outdoor unit having a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger and an expansion valve with a refrigerant pipe.
- the refrigerant circuit is filled with a predetermined amount of refrigerant.
- the air conditioner has at least the number of revolutions of the compressor, the refrigerant discharge temperature of the compressor, the heat exchanger temperature, the opening degree of the expansion valve, and the outside air temperature among the operating state quantities indicating the operating states during the air conditioning operation.
- the indoor heat exchanger includes a first indoor heat exchange port through which the refrigerant flows, a second indoor heat exchange port through which the refrigerant flows, a first indoor heat exchange port, and the second indoor heat.
- An indoor heat exchange intermediate sensor that detects the temperature of the refrigerant passing through the indoor heat exchange intermediate portion among the heat exchanger temperatures provided in the indoor heat exchange intermediate portion connecting the exchange port and the indoor heat exchange intermediate portion. And have.
- the outdoor heat exchanger has a first outdoor heat exchange port through which the refrigerant flows, a second outdoor heat exchange port through which the refrigerant flows, a first outdoor heat exchange port, and the second outdoor heat.
- the heat exchanger temperature passes through the outdoor heat exchange outlet of the second outdoor heat exchange port during cooling operation. It has an outdoor heat exchange outlet sensor that detects the temperature of the refrigerant.
- the amount of residual refrigerant can be estimated using a limited sensor.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the air conditioner of this embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of an outdoor unit and an indoor unit.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of a control circuit of an outdoor unit.
- FIG. 4 is a Moriel diagram showing a state of change in the refrigerant of the air conditioner.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of the processing operation of the control circuit related to the estimation processing.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of teacher data used in the multiple regression analysis method.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of teacher data used for generating an estimation model for classifying whether the amount of residual refrigerant is normal or abnormal.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the air conditioning system of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the air conditioner 1 of the present embodiment.
- the air conditioner 1 shown in FIG. 1 is, for example, a home-use air conditioner having one outdoor unit 2 and one indoor unit 3.
- the outdoor unit 2 is connected to the indoor unit 3 by a liquid pipe 4 and a gas pipe 5.
- the outdoor unit 2 and the indoor unit 3 are connected by a refrigerant pipe such as a liquid pipe 4 and a gas pipe 5, so that the refrigerant circuit 6 of the air conditioner 1 is formed.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the outdoor unit 2 and the indoor unit 3.
- the outdoor unit 2 includes a compressor 11, a four-way valve 12, an outdoor heat exchanger 13, an expansion valve 14, an accumulator 15, an outdoor unit fan 16, and a control circuit 17.
- a compressor 11, four-way valve 12, outdoor heat exchanger 13, expansion valve 14, and accumulator 15 outdoor refrigerants that are interconnected by each refrigerant pipe described in detail below and form a part of the refrigerant circuit 6. Form a circuit.
- the compressor 11 is, for example, a high-pressure container type compressor with variable capacity that can change the operating capacity according to the drive of a motor (not shown) whose rotation speed is controlled by an inverter.
- the refrigerant discharge side of the compressor 11 is connected to the first port 12A of the four-way valve 12 by a discharge pipe 21. Further, the refrigerant suction side of the compressor 11 is connected to the refrigerant outflow side of the accumulator 15 by a suction pipe 22.
- the four-way valve 12 is a valve for switching the flow direction of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 6, and includes a first port 12A to a fourth port 12D.
- the first port 12A is connected to the refrigerant discharge side of the compressor 11 by a discharge pipe 21.
- the second port 12B is connected to one of the refrigerant inlets / outlets of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 (corresponding to the first outdoor heat exchange port 13A described later) by the outdoor refrigerant pipe 23.
- the third port 12C is connected to the refrigerant inflow side of the accumulator 15 by an outdoor refrigerant pipe 26.
- the fourth port 12D is connected to the indoor heat exchanger 51 by an outdoor gas pipe 24.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 13 exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the outside air taken into the outdoor unit 2 by the rotation of the outdoor unit fan 16.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 13 includes a first outdoor heat exchange port 13A as one of the refrigerant inlets and outlets, a second outdoor heat exchange port 13B as the other refrigerant inlet and outlet, and the first outdoor heat exchange port 13A. It has an outdoor heat exchange intermediate portion 13C connecting between the second outdoor heat exchange port portion 13B.
- the first outdoor heat exchange port 13A is connected to the second port 12B of the four-way valve 12 by an outdoor refrigerant pipe 23.
- the second outdoor heat exchange port 13B is connected to the expansion valve 14 by the outdoor liquid pipe 25.
- the outdoor heat exchange intermediate portion 13C is connected to the first outdoor heat exchange port 13A and the second outdoor heat exchange port 13B.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 13 functions as a condenser when the air conditioner 1 performs a cooling operation, and functions as an evaporator when the air conditioner 1 performs a heating operation.
- the expansion valve 14 is an electronic expansion valve provided in the outdoor liquid pipe 25 and driven by a pulse motor (not shown).
- the opening degree of the expansion valve 14 is adjusted according to the number of pulses given to the pulse motor, so that the amount of refrigerant flowing from the expansion valve 14 into the refrigerant circuit 6 (flowing from the outdoor heat exchanger 13 into the indoor heat exchanger 51).
- the amount of refrigerant to be applied or the amount of refrigerant flowing from the indoor heat exchanger 51 to the outdoor heat exchanger 13) is adjusted.
- the opening degree of the expansion valve 14 is adjusted so that the discharge temperature (refrigerant discharge temperature) of the refrigerant of the compressor 11 reaches a target temperature, which is a predetermined temperature, when the air conditioner 1 is in the heating operation. ..
- the accumulator 15 has its refrigerant inflow side connected to the third port 12C of the four-way valve 12 by an outdoor refrigerant pipe 26. Further, the accumulator 15 is connected to the refrigerant inflow side of the compressor 11 by a suction pipe 22 on the refrigerant outflow side. The accumulator 15 separates the refrigerant flowing into the accumulator 15 from the outdoor refrigerant pipe 26 into a gas refrigerant and a liquid refrigerant, and causes only the gas refrigerant to be sucked into the compressor 11.
- the outdoor unit fan 16 is made of a resin material and is arranged in the vicinity of the outdoor heat exchanger 13.
- the outdoor unit fan 16 takes in outside air from a suction port (not shown) into the inside of the outdoor unit 2 in response to the rotation of a fan motor (not shown), and exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger 13 from an outlet (not shown) to the outside. It is released to the outside of the machine 2.
- a discharge temperature sensor 31 for detecting the temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11, that is, the discharge temperature is arranged in the discharge pipe 21.
- An outdoor heat exchange outlet sensor 32 for detecting the temperature of the refrigerant flowing out from the unit 13B is arranged.
- an outside air temperature sensor 33 for detecting the temperature of the outside air flowing into the inside of the outdoor unit 2, that is, the outside air temperature is arranged near the suction port (not shown) of the outdoor unit 2.
- the control circuit 17 controls the outdoor unit 2 in response to an instruction from the control circuit 18 of the indoor unit 3 described later.
- the control circuit 17 of the outdoor unit 2 has a communication unit (not shown), a storage unit, and a control unit.
- the communication unit is a communication interface that communicates with the communication unit of the indoor unit 3.
- the storage unit is, for example, a flash memory, which is an operating state quantity such as a detection value corresponding to a control program of the outdoor unit 2 and detection signals from various sensors, a driving state of the compressor 11 and the outdoor unit fan 16, and an outdoor unit.
- the rated capacity of 2 and the required capacity of each indoor unit 3 are stored.
- the indoor unit 3 has an indoor heat exchanger 51, a gas pipe connecting portion 52, a liquid pipe connecting portion 53, an indoor unit fan 54, and a control circuit 18.
- the indoor heat exchanger 51, the gas pipe connecting portion 52, and the liquid pipe connecting portion 53 are connected to each other by each refrigerant pipe described later to form an indoor unit refrigerant circuit forming a part of the refrigerant circuit 6.
- the indoor heat exchanger 51 exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the indoor air taken into the interior of the indoor unit 3 from a suction port (not shown) by the rotation of the indoor unit fan 54.
- the indoor heat exchanger 51 has a first indoor heat exchange port 51A as one refrigerant inlet / outlet, a second indoor heat exchange port 51B as the other refrigerant inlet / outlet, and a first indoor heat exchange port 51A and a second. It has an indoor heat exchange intermediate portion 51C that connects between the indoor heat exchange port portion 51B and the indoor heat exchange port 51B.
- the first indoor heat exchange port 51A is connected to the gas pipe connecting portion 52 by the indoor gas pipe 56.
- the second indoor heat exchange port 51B is connected to the liquid pipe connecting portion 53 by the indoor liquid pipe 57.
- the indoor heat exchange intermediate portion 51C is connected to the first indoor heat exchange port 51A and the second indoor heat exchange port 51B.
- the indoor heat exchanger 51 functions as a condenser when the air conditioner 1 performs a heating operation.
- the indoor heat exchanger 51 functions as an evaporator when the air conditioner 1 performs the cooling operation.
- the indoor unit fan 54 is made of a resin material and is arranged in the vicinity of the indoor heat exchanger 51.
- the indoor unit fan 54 is rotated by a fan motor (not shown) to take indoor air into the indoor unit 3 from a suction port (not shown), and an outlet (not shown) that exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the indoor heat exchanger 51. Is released into the room.
- the indoor unit 3 is provided with various sensors.
- an indoor heat exchange intermediate sensor 61 for detecting the temperature of the refrigerant passing through the indoor heat exchange intermediate portion 51C among the heat exchanger temperatures, that is, the indoor heat exchange intermediate temperature is arranged.
- a suction temperature sensor 62 for detecting the temperature of the indoor air flowing into the indoor unit 3, that is, the suction temperature, is arranged in the vicinity of the suction port (not shown) of the indoor unit 3.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of the control circuit 18 of the indoor unit 1.
- the control circuit 18 includes an acquisition unit 41, a communication unit 42, a storage unit 43, and a control unit 44.
- the acquisition unit 41 acquires the sensor values of the various sensors described above.
- the communication unit 42 is a communication interface that communicates with the communication unit of the outdoor unit 2.
- the storage unit 43 is, for example, a flash memory, and has an operating state amount such as a detection value corresponding to a control program of the indoor unit 3 and detection signals from various sensors, a drive state of the indoor unit fan 54, and transmission from the outdoor unit 2.
- the operation information to be performed for example, the operation / stop information of the compressor 11, the driving state of the outdoor unit fan 16, etc.), the rated capacity of the outdoor unit 2, the required capacity of each indoor unit 3, and the like are stored.
- the storage unit 43 stores an estimation model for estimating the amount of refrigerant remaining in the refrigerant circuit 6.
- a relative amount of refrigerant is used as the amount of refrigerant remaining in the refrigerant circuit 6.
- the storage unit 43 of this embodiment refers to the refrigerant shortage rate of the refrigerant circuit 6 (when 100% is filled with a specified amount of refrigerant, the amount of decrease from this specified amount is described below. It remembers an estimation model that estimates (similarly).
- the estimation model has an estimation model 43A for cooling and an estimation model 43B for heating.
- the control unit 44 periodically (for example, every 30 seconds) captures the detected values of various sensors.
- the control unit 44 controls the entire air conditioner 1 based on the various input information. Further, the control unit 44 estimates the refrigerant shortage rate using each of the above estimation models.
- the four-way valve 12 switches so that the first port 12A and the fourth port 12D communicate with each other, and the second port 12B and the third port 12C communicate with each other. (The state shown by the solid line in FIG. 2).
- the refrigerant circuit 6 becomes a heating cycle in which the indoor heat exchanger 51 functions as a condenser and the outdoor heat exchanger 13 functions as an evaporator.
- the flow of the refrigerant during the heating operation is indicated by the solid arrow shown in FIG.
- the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 flows through the discharge pipe 21 and flows into the four-way valve 12, flows from the four-way valve 12 through the outdoor gas pipe 24, and is a gas. It flows into the pipe 5.
- the refrigerant flowing through the gas pipe 5 flows into the indoor unit 3 via the gas pipe connecting portion 52.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the indoor unit 3 flows through the indoor gas pipe 56 and flows into the indoor heat exchanger 51.
- the refrigerant flowing into the indoor heat exchanger 51 is condensed by exchanging heat with the indoor air taken into the indoor unit 3 by the rotation of the indoor unit fan 54. That is, the indoor heat exchanger 51 functions as a condenser, and the indoor unit 3 is blown into the room from an outlet (not shown) heated by heat exchange with the refrigerant in the indoor heat exchanger 51.
- the installed room is heated.
- the refrigerant flowing from the indoor heat exchanger 51 into the indoor liquid pipe 57 flows out to the liquid pipe 4 via the liquid pipe connecting portion 53.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the liquid pipe 4 flows into the outdoor unit 2.
- the refrigerant flowing into the outdoor unit 2 flows through the outdoor liquid pipe 25, passes through the expansion valve 14, and is depressurized.
- the refrigerant decompressed by the expansion valve 14 flows through the outdoor liquid pipe 25 and flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 13, and heat exchanges with the outside air flowing in from the suction port (not shown) of the outdoor unit 2 by the rotation of the outdoor unit fan 16. Evaporates.
- the refrigerant flowing out from the outdoor heat exchanger 13 to the outdoor refrigerant pipe 26 flows into the four-way valve 12, the outdoor refrigerant pipe 26, the accumulator 15 and the suction pipe 22 in this order, is sucked into the compressor 11, is compressed again, and is compressed again. It flows out to the outdoor gas pipe 24 via the first port 12A and the fourth port 12D of the twelve.
- the four-way valve 12 communicates with the first port 12A and the second port 12B, and communicates with the third port 12C and the fourth port 12D. It is switched to.
- the refrigerant circuit 6 becomes a cooling cycle in which the indoor heat exchanger 51 functions as an evaporator and the outdoor heat exchanger 13 functions as a condenser.
- the flow of the refrigerant during the cooling operation is indicated by the broken line arrow shown in FIG.
- the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 flows through the discharge pipe 21 and flows into the four-way valve 12, flows from the four-way valve 12 through the outdoor refrigerant pipe 23, and is outdoors. It flows into the heat exchanger 13.
- the refrigerant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 13 is condensed by exchanging heat with the outdoor air taken into the inside of the outdoor unit 2 by the rotation of the outdoor unit fan 16. That is, the outdoor heat exchanger 13 functions as a condenser, and the indoor air heated by the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger 13 is blown out to the outside from an outlet (not shown).
- the refrigerant flowing from the outdoor heat exchanger 13 to the outdoor liquid pipe 25 passes through the expansion valve 14 and is depressurized.
- the refrigerant decompressed by the expansion valve 14 flows through the liquid pipe 4 and flows into the indoor unit 3.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the indoor unit 3 flows through the indoor liquid pipe 57 and flows into the indoor heat exchanger 51, and heat exchanges with the indoor air that has flowed in from the suction port (not shown) of the indoor unit 3 by rotating the indoor unit fan 54.
- the installed room is cooled.
- the refrigerant flowing from the indoor heat exchanger 51 to the gas pipe 5 via the gas pipe connection portion 52 flows into the outdoor gas pipe 24 of the outdoor unit 2 and flows into the fourth port 12D of the four-way valve 12.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the fourth port 12D of the four-way valve 12 flows into the refrigerant inflow side of the accumulator 15 from the third port 12C.
- the refrigerant that has flowed in from the refrigerant inflow side of the accumulator 15 flows in through the suction pipe 22, is sucked into the compressor 11, and is compressed again.
- the acquisition unit 41 in the control circuit 18 acquires the sensor values of the discharge temperature sensor 31, the outdoor heat exchange outlet sensor 32, and the outside air temperature sensor 33 via the control circuit 17 of the outdoor unit 2. Further, the acquisition unit 41 acquires the sensor values of the indoor heat exchange intermediate sensor 61 and the suction temperature sensor 62 of the indoor unit 3.
- FIG. 4 is a Moriel diagram showing the refrigeration cycle of the air conditioner 1.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 13 functions as a condenser
- the indoor heat exchanger 51 functions as an evaporator.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 13 functions as an evaporator
- the indoor heat exchanger 51 functions as a condenser.
- the compressor 11 compresses the low-temperature low-pressure gas refrigerant (refrigerant in the state of point A in FIG. 4) flowing from the evaporator and discharges the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant (refrigerant in the state of point B in FIG. 4). do.
- the temperature of the gas refrigerant discharged by the compressor 11 is the discharge temperature, and the discharge temperature is detected by the discharge temperature sensor 31.
- the condenser heat-exchanges high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant from the compressor 11 with air to condense it.
- the temperature of the liquid refrigerant drops due to the sensible heat change and the state becomes overcooled (state of point C in FIG. 4).
- the temperature at which the gas refrigerant changes to the liquid refrigerant due to the latent heat change is the condensation temperature
- the temperature of the refrigerant in the overcooled state at the outlet of the condenser is the heat exchange outlet temperature.
- the heat exchange outlet temperature is detected by the outdoor heat exchange outlet sensor 32 during the cooling operation.
- the flow of the refrigerant is opposite to that in the cooling operation, and the outdoor heat exchanger 13 functions as an evaporator.
- the outdoor heat exchange outlet sensor 32 is used to detect the temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 to detect freezing and to control the defrosting operation.
- the expansion valve 14 depressurizes the low-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant flowing out of the condenser.
- the refrigerant decompressed by the expansion valve 14 is a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant in which gas and liquid are mixed (refrigerant in the state of point D in FIG. 4).
- the evaporator evaporates the inflowing gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant by heat exchange with air.
- the temperature of the gas refrigerant rises due to the sensible heat change and becomes an overheated state (state of point A in FIG. 4), and is compressed. It is sucked into the machine 11.
- the temperature at which the liquid refrigerant changes to the gas refrigerant due to the latent heat change is the evaporation temperature.
- the evaporation temperature is the indoor heat exchange intermediate temperature detected by the indoor heat exchange intermediate sensor 61 during the cooling operation.
- the temperature of the refrigerant that is overheated by the evaporator and sucked into the compressor 11 is the suction temperature.
- the flow of the refrigerant is opposite to that during the cooling operation, and the indoor heat exchanger 51 functions as a condenser.
- the detection result of the indoor heat exchange intermediate sensor 61 is used to calculate the target discharge temperature.
- the estimation model is generated by a multiple regression analysis method, which is a kind of regression analysis method, using an arbitrary operating state quantity (feature quantity) among a plurality of operating state quantities.
- the multiple regression analysis method the test result using an actual air conditioner (hereinafter referred to as the actual machine) (what kind of value is the operating state amount when the amount of the refrigerant remaining in the refrigerant circuit is changed by using the actual machine).
- Regression obtained from the results of multiple simulations (results of reproducing the refrigerant circuit by numerical calculation and calculating the value of the operating state amount with respect to the remaining amount of refrigerant).
- the P value value indicating the degree of influence of the operating state amount on the accuracy of the generated estimated model (predetermined weight parameter)
- the correction value R2 indicating the accuracy of the generated estimated model
- a regression equation having a value) of 0.9 or more and 1.0 or less is selected and generated as an estimation model.
- the P value and the correction value R2 are values related to the accuracy of the estimation model when the estimation model is generated by the multiple regression analysis method, and the smaller the P value, the more the correction value R2 is 1.0. The closer the value is to, the more accurate the generated estimation model will be.
- the estimation model is a residual refrigerant amount estimation model that estimates the residual refrigerant amount remaining in the refrigerant circuit 6.
- the residual refrigerant amount estimation model has an estimation model 43A for cooling and an estimation model 43B for heating.
- each of these estimation models is generated using test results using an actual machine as described later, and is stored in advance in the control circuit 18 of the air conditioner 1.
- the cooling estimation model 43A is the first regression equation that can estimate the refrigerant shortage rate during cooling operation with high accuracy.
- the coefficients ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 6 shall be determined when the estimation model is generated.
- the control unit 44 uses the current rotation speed of the compressor 11 acquired by the acquisition unit 41, the opening degree of the expansion valve 14, the discharge temperature of the compressor 11, the outdoor heat exchange outlet temperature, and the outside air. By substituting the temperature, the current refrigerant shortage rate of the refrigerant circuit 6 is calculated.
- the reason for substituting the number of revolutions of the compressor 11, the opening degree of the expansion valve, the discharge temperature of the compressor 11, the outdoor heat exchange outlet temperature, and the outside air temperature is the feature amount used when the estimation model 43A for cooling was generated. To do.
- the rotation speed of the compressor 11 is detected by, for example, a rotation speed sensor (not shown) of the compressor 11.
- the opening degree of the expansion valve is adjusted by, for example, a pulse signal input from the control unit 44 to the stepping motor (not shown) of the expansion valve.
- the discharge temperature of the compressor 11 is detected by the discharge temperature sensor 31.
- the heat exchange outlet temperature is detected by the outdoor heat exchange outlet sensor 32.
- the outside air temperature is detected by the outside air temperature sensor 33.
- the heating estimation model 43B is a second regression equation that can estimate the refrigerant shortage rate during heating operation with high accuracy.
- the coefficients ⁇ 11 to ⁇ 15 shall be determined when the estimation model is generated.
- the control unit 44 substitutes the current rotation speed of the compressor 11 acquired by the acquisition unit 41, the opening degree of the expansion valve 14, the discharge temperature of the compressor 11, and the indoor heat exchange intermediate temperature into the second regression equation. By doing so, the refrigerant shortage rate of the refrigerant circuit 6 at the present time is calculated.
- the reason for substituting the number of revolutions of the compressor 11, the opening degree of the expansion valve 14, the discharge temperature of the compressor 11 and the intermediate temperature of the indoor heat exchange is that the feature amount used at the time of generating the estimation model 43B for heating is used. Is.
- the rotation speed of the compressor 11 is detected by a rotation speed sensor (not shown) of the compressor 11.
- the opening degree of the expansion valve is adjusted by, for example, a pulse signal input from the control unit 44 to the stepping motor (not shown) of the expansion valve.
- the discharge temperature of the compressor 11 is detected by the discharge temperature sensor 31.
- the indoor heat exchange intermediate temperature is detected by the indoor heat exchange intermediate sensor 61.
- the refrigerant shortage rate is estimated using the first regression equation. Further, during the heating operation, the refrigerant shortage rate is estimated using the second regression equation.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of the processing operation of the control circuit 18 related to the estimation processing.
- the control circuit 18 holds the pre-generated estimation model 43A for cooling and the estimation model 43B for heating.
- the control unit 44 in the control circuit 18 collects the operation state quantity as operation data through the acquisition unit 41 (step S11).
- the control unit 44 executes a data filtering process for extracting an arbitrary operating state quantity from the collected operating data (step S12). Further, the control unit 44 executes the data cleansing process excluding the abnormal value and the protruding value (step S13).
- the control unit 44 calculates the current refrigerant shortage rate of the refrigerant circuit 6 using each regression equation (step S14), and ends the processing operation shown in FIG.
- the data filtering process does not use all of the plurality of operating state quantities, but only a part of the plurality of operating status quantities required to calculate the refrigerant shortage rate based on predetermined filter conditions. To extract. By substituting the operating state quantity that has undergone data cleansing processing (excluding abnormal values and protrusion values) into each regression equation of the generated estimation model, the refrigerant shortage rate can be estimated more accurately.
- the predetermined filter condition has a first filter condition, a second filter condition, and a third filter condition.
- the first filter condition is, for example, a filter condition for data to be extracted in common to all operation modes of the air conditioner 1.
- the second filter condition is a filter condition for data extracted during cooling operation.
- the third filter condition is a filter condition for data extracted during heating operation.
- the first filter condition changes, for example, with respect to the driving state of the compressor 11, identification of the operation mode, elimination of special operation, elimination of missing values in the acquired values, and the amount of operating state having a large influence on the generation of each regression equation. Selection of a small amount, etc.
- the drive state of the compressor 11 is a condition that needs to be determined because the refrigerant shortage rate cannot be estimated unless the refrigerant is circulated in the refrigerant circuit 6 because the compressor is operating stably. It is a filter condition that excludes the operating state amount detected in the transitional period such as at the time of rising of 11, and extracts only the operating state amount that has reached the target temperature at which the discharge temperature is a predetermined temperature, for example.
- the filter condition for example, the operating state amount when the absolute value of the difference between the discharge temperature and the target temperature is larger than the predetermined value is excluded, and the operating state when the absolute value of the difference between the discharge temperature and the target temperature is equal to or less than the predetermined value. Extract the amount.
- the predetermined value the absolute value of the difference between the target discharge temperature and the detected discharge temperature is, for example, 2 ° C. or less.
- the operation mode identification is a filter condition for extracting only the operating state quantity acquired during the cooling operation and the heating operation. Therefore, the operating state quantity acquired during the dehumidifying operation or the blowing operation is excluded.
- Exclusion of special operation is a filter condition for excluding the amount of operating state acquired during special operation in which the state of the refrigerant circuit 6 is significantly different from that during cooling operation or heating operation such as oil recovery operation and defrosting operation. .. Elimination of missing values (values that could not be obtained) means that if there is a missing value in the operating state quantity used to determine the refrigerant shortage rate, it is accurate if each regression equation is generated using the operating state quantity. Is a filter condition that excludes the operating state quantity including missing values.
- the selection of a value with a small change amount for the operating state amount to be substituted into each regression equation is a filter condition for extracting only the operating state amount in the state where the operating state of the air conditioner 1 is stable, and is based on each regression equation. This is a necessary condition for improving the estimation accuracy.
- the second filter condition includes, for example, exclusion of heat exchange outlet temperature, abnormality of discharge temperature, and the like.
- the outside air temperature sensor 33 and the outdoor heat exchange outlet sensor 32 are arranged close to each other, so that the heat exchange outlet temperature detected by the outdoor heat exchange outlet sensor 32 during the cooling operation is the outside air temperature. It is a filter condition considering that the temperature does not become lower than the outside air temperature detected by the sensor 33, and is a filter condition excluding the heat exchange outlet temperature lower than the outside air temperature.
- the abnormality of the discharge temperature is a filter condition that excludes the discharge temperature detected when the suction refrigerant is in a reduced state in which the amount of the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 11 is reduced due to the small cooling load.
- the third filter condition is, for example, an abnormality in the discharge temperature.
- the discharge temperature becomes high due to the magnitude of the heating load during the heating operation and the discharge temperature protection control is executed, for example, the discharge temperature drops by lowering the rotation speed of the compressor 11, so that at this time.
- It is a filter condition that excludes the discharge temperature detected in.
- the data cleansing process is a process for excluding the operating state amount that may be erroneously estimated, instead of using all the acquired operating state amounts for estimating the refrigerant shortage rate.
- the acquired operating state amount is smoothed to suppress noise and limit the number of data.
- Noise suppression by smoothing data is a process of suppressing noise by calculating the average value of the corresponding section and taking, for example, a moving average of the suction temperature in each model.
- the data number limit is, for example, a process of excluding data having a small number of data because the reliability is low.
- the refrigerant shortage rate can be estimated more accurately by substituting the operating state quantity excluding the abnormal value and the protrusion value into each regression equation of the estimation model.
- the control circuit 18 substitutes, for example, the current operating state amount (sensor value) after the data filtering process and the data cleansing process into each regression equation of the estimation model and each refrigerant shortage rate calculation equation, so that the current refrigerant circuit 6 Calculate the refrigerant shortage rate of.
- the control unit 44 in the control circuit 18 determines whether or not the cooling operation is currently in progress. When the cooling operation is currently in progress, the control unit 44 substitutes the current operating state quantity into the cooling estimation model 43A, and calculates the current refrigerant shortage rate.
- control unit 44 When the control unit 44 is not currently in the cooling operation, that is, in the heating operation, the control unit 44 substitutes the current operating state quantity into the heating estimation model 43B and calculates the current refrigerant shortage rate.
- the feature quantities used when generating the first regression equation by the multiple regression analysis method include, for example, the rotation speed of the compressor 11 and the opening degree of the expansion valve 14. , The discharge temperature of the compressor 11, the outdoor heat exchange outlet temperature, and the outside air temperature are used. Then, for each of these operating state quantities, the test results using the actual machine are used. Further, in the heating operation using the second regression equation, the feature quantities of the multiple regression analysis are, for example, the rotation speed of the compressor 11, the opening degree of the expansion valve 14, the discharge temperature of the compressor 11, and the intermediate heat exchange between the chambers. Each operating state quantity of temperature is used. Then, for each of these operating state quantities, the test results using the actual machine are used.
- the indoor unit 3 when the indoor unit 3 is operating, a test using the actual machine is performed with different outside air temperature, indoor temperature and refrigerant filling amount, and the feature amount is used. Obtain the relationship with the refrigerant shortage rate.
- the outside air temperature is changed to 20 ° C, 25 ° C, 30 ° C, 35 ° C and 40 ° C.
- other parameters of the outside air temperature may be added.
- any operating condition quantity (feature amount) used for the estimation model will be obtained from the test results (hereinafter referred to as teacher data) showing the relationship between the plurality of operating condition quantities and the refrigerant filling amount.
- the teacher data includes teacher data (teacher data used to generate an estimation model in the multiple regression analysis method) that links the amount of residual refrigerant and each operating state amount, and a state in which the amount of residual refrigerant is not excessively insufficient (). For example, even if the amount of residual refrigerant is smaller than the initial filling amount of refrigerant, the cooling capacity and heating capacity required by the user can be maintained (normal state), or the amount of residual refrigerant is insufficient.
- the teacher data (teacher data used to generate an estimation model that classifies normal and abnormal) is the one that links the cooling capacity and heating capacity required by the user with each operating state quantity (abnormal state). be.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of teacher data used in the multiple regression analysis method.
- the operating state amount used for the teacher data includes, for example, the operating state amount of the compressor 11, the indoor unit 3, and the outdoor unit 2.
- the operating state amount of the compressor 11 includes, for example, a rotation speed, a target rotation speed, an operation time, a discharge temperature, a target discharge temperature, an output voltage, and the like.
- the operating state quantity of the indoor unit 3 includes, for example, a fan rotation speed, a fan target rotation speed, a heat exchanger intermediate sensor temperature, and the like.
- the operating state amount of the outdoor unit 2 includes, for example, a fan rotation speed, a fan target rotation speed, an expansion valve opening degree, an expansion valve target opening degree, a heat exchanger outlet sensor temperature, and the like.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of teacher data used for generating an estimation model for classifying whether the amount of residual refrigerant is normal or abnormal.
- the estimation model generated by the multiple regression analysis method using the operating state quantity related to the estimation of the refrigerant shortage rate of the refrigerant filled in the refrigerant circuit 6 and the limited sensor are obtained.
- the current operating state amount compressor rotation speed, compressor refrigerant discharge temperature, heat exchanger temperature (indoor heat exchange intermediate temperature, outdoor heat exchange outlet temperature), expansion valve opening and outside air temperature
- To estimate the refrigerant shortage rate Since the operating state quantity used when generating the estimation model was obtained by operating the air conditioner 1 on a trial basis under various environments as described above, this estimation model is used.
- the estimated refrigerant shortage rate can be estimated using the amount of operating state obtained when the user normally operates the air conditioner 1 (cooling operation, heating operation, etc.). As a result, even in the air conditioner 1 for home use, the current refrigerant shortage rate can be estimated without adjusting the refrigerant circuit 6 to the default state.
- the estimation model mounted on the air conditioner 1 uses a regression analysis method in advance using an operating state amount that has a large effect on the estimation of the refrigerant shortage rate of the refrigerant filled in the refrigerant circuit 6 among a plurality of operating state quantities. Generated.
- the estimation model is generated by selecting the operation state quantity that has a large influence on the estimation model instead of using all the operation state quantities, so that a highly accurate estimation model can be generated.
- the air conditioner 1 uses regression analysis using the number of revolutions of the compressor 11, the opening degree of the expansion valve, the discharge temperature of the compressor 11, the heat exchange outlet temperature, and the outside air temperature as the operating state quantities that are greatly affected during the cooling operation. Generated by law. As a result, it is possible to generate a highly accurate estimation model for cooling during cooling operation.
- the air conditioner 1 uses a regression analysis method using the number of revolutions of the compressor 11, the opening degree of the expansion valve 14, the discharge temperature of the compressor 11, and the intermediate temperature of the indoor heat exchange as the amount of operating conditions that are greatly affected during the heating operation. Generated by. As a result, it is possible to generate a highly accurate estimation model for heating during heating operation.
- the air conditioner 1 estimates the refrigerant shortage rate during the cooling operation by using the estimation model for cooling and the current operating state amount during the cooling operation, and also estimates the estimation model for heating and the current operating state during the heating operation.
- the refrigerant shortage rate during heating operation is estimated using the amount of operating conditions. As a result, even in the air conditioner 1 for home use, the refrigerant shortage rate can be estimated with high accuracy by using an estimation model different for each operating state.
- the current operating state quantity (sensor value) after the data filtering process and data cleansing process is substituted into each regression equation of the estimation model.
- the features obtained by the simulation are used to generate each regression equation of the estimation model, and the features obtained by the simulation include abnormal values and values that are significantly larger or smaller than others. Not done.
- Data filtering processing and data cleansing processing are performed on each regression equation of the estimation model generated using the feature quantity that does not include the abnormal value or the protrusion value, and the operating state quantity excluding the abnormal value or the protrusion value is calculated. By substituting, the refrigerant shortage rate can be estimated more accurately.
- each operating state quantity is obtained by a test using an actual machine at the design stage of the air conditioner 1, and the estimation is obtained by learning the test result on a terminal such as a server having a learning function.
- a terminal such as a server having a learning function.
- the control circuit 18 stores the model in advance.
- the estimation model obtained by learning the simulation result may be stored in advance.
- a server 120 connected to the air conditioner 1 by a communication network 110, and the server 120 generates a first regression equation and a second regression equation and transmits them to the air conditioner 1. You may. This embodiment will be described below.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the air conditioning system 100 of the second embodiment.
- the same configuration as that of the air conditioner 1 of the first embodiment is designated by the same reference numeral, and the description of the overlapping configuration and operation will be omitted.
- the air conditioning system 100 shown in FIG. 8 includes an air conditioner 1, a communication network 110, and a server 120.
- the air conditioner 1 has an outdoor unit 2 having a compressor 11, an outdoor heat exchanger 13 and an expansion valve 14, and an indoor unit 3 having an indoor heat exchanger 51.
- the air conditioner 1 includes a refrigerant circuit 6 in which an outdoor unit 2 and an indoor unit 3 are connected by a refrigerant pipe such as a liquid pipe 4 and a gas pipe 5, and the refrigerant circuit 6 is filled with a predetermined amount of refrigerant.
- the server 120 has a generation unit 121 and a transmission unit 122.
- the generation unit 121 generates an estimation model by a multiple regression analysis method using the operating state quantity related to the estimation of the refrigerant shortage rate of the refrigerant filled in the refrigerant circuit 6.
- the estimation model includes, for example, the cooling estimation model 43A described in the first embodiment and the heating estimation model 43B.
- the transmission unit 122 transmits each estimation model generated by the generation unit 121 to the air conditioner 1 via the communication network 110.
- the control circuit 18 in the air conditioner 1 calculates the refrigerant shortage rate in the refrigerant circuit 6 of the air conditioner 1 using each of the received estimation models.
- the generation unit 121 in the server 120 is an operating state quantity during cooling operation periodically from the standard machine of the air conditioner 1 (installed in the test room of the manufacturer or the like) that can actually measure the refrigerant shortage rate in the refrigerant circuit 6. Is collected, and the estimation model 43A for cooling is generated or updated by using the comparison result between the refrigerant shortage rate estimated by each estimation model and the measured refrigerant shortage rate and the collected operating state quantity. Then, the transmission unit 122 in the server 120 periodically transmits the generated or updated cooling estimation model 43A to the air conditioner 1.
- the operating state quantity used for generating each estimated model may be obtained by simulation, and each estimated model may be generated by using the operating state quantity obtained by the generation unit 121 in the simulation.
- the generation unit 121 in the server 120 periodically collects the operating state quantity during the heating operation from the standard machine of the air conditioner 1 described above, and compares the refrigerant shortage rate estimated by the estimation model with the measured refrigerant shortage rate.
- the estimation model 43B for heating is generated by using the result and the collected operating state quantity.
- the transmission unit 122 in the server 120 periodically transmits the generated estimation model 43B for heating to the air conditioner 1.
- the operating state quantity used for generating each estimated model may be obtained by simulation, and each estimated model may be generated by using the operating state quantity obtained by the generation unit 121 in the simulation.
- the server 120 of the second embodiment generates an estimation model for estimating the refrigerant shortage rate by using the multiple regression analysis method using the operating state quantity related to the estimation of the refrigerant shortage rate of the refrigerant filled in the refrigerant circuit 6. , The generated estimation model is transmitted to the air conditioner 1.
- the air conditioner 1 estimates the refrigerant shortage rate using the estimation model received from the server 120 and the current operating state quantity. As a result, even in the air conditioner 1 for home use, the current refrigerant shortage rate can be estimated using a highly accurate estimation model.
- the relative amount of refrigerant is estimated as representing the amount of refrigerant remaining in the refrigerant circuit 6
- the refrigerant shortage rate which is the ratio of the amount of refrigerant leaked to the outside from the refrigerant circuit 6, is estimated and provided with respect to the filling amount (initial value) when the refrigerant circuit 6 is filled with the refrigerant. ..
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the estimated amount of refrigerant shortage may be multiplied by an initial value to provide the amount of refrigerant leaked to the outside from the refrigerant circuit 6.
- an estimation model for estimating the absolute amount of refrigerant leaked to the outside from the refrigerant circuit 6 or the absolute amount of refrigerant remaining in the refrigerant circuit 6 may be generated, and the estimation result by this estimation model may be provided. ..
- the outdoor The volume of the heat exchanger 13 and the indoor heat exchanger 51 and the volume of the liquid pipe 4 may be taken into consideration.
- ⁇ Modification example> the case where the control circuit 18 provided in the indoor unit 3 controls the entire air conditioner 1 is illustrated, but the control circuit 18 may be provided in the outdoor unit 2 or the cloud side.
- the case where the estimation model is generated by the server 120 is illustrated, but a person may calculate the estimation model from the simulation result instead of the server 120.
- the case where the control circuit 18 of the indoor unit 3 estimates the amount of the refrigerant by using the estimation model is illustrated, but the server 120 that generates the estimation model may estimate the amount of the refrigerant.
- each component of each part shown in the figure does not necessarily have to be physically configured as shown in the figure. That is, the specific form of distribution / integration of each part is not limited to the one shown in the figure, and all or part of them may be functionally or physically distributed / integrated in any unit according to various loads and usage conditions. Can be configured.
- each device is all or arbitrary parts on the CPU (Central Processing Unit) (or microcomputers such as MPU (Micro Processing Unit) and MCU (Micro Controller Unit)). You may try to do it. Further, the various processing functions may be executed in whole or in any part on a program to be analyzed and executed by a CPU (or a microcomputer such as an MPU or MCU) or on hardware by wired logic. Needless to say.
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- MPU Micro Processing Unit
- MCU Micro Controller Unit
- the refrigerant shortage rate is defined as a decrease from the specified amount when the specified amount of the refrigerant is filled to 100%.
- the refrigerant shortage rate may be estimated by the method described in this embodiment, and the estimation result may be set to 100%.
- the refrigerant shortage rate estimated immediately after the refrigerant circuit 6 is filled with the specified amount of the refrigerant is 90%, that is, when the amount of the refrigerant filled in the refrigerant circuit 6 is estimated to be 10% less than the specified amount of the refrigerant is filled.
- the amount of the refrigerant, which is 10% less than the specified amount of filling may be set to 100%.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本実施例の空気調和機1の一例を示す説明図である。図1に示す空気調和機1は、1台の室外機2と、1台の室内機3とを有する、例えば、家庭用の空気調和機である。室外機2は、液管4及びガス管5で室内機3と接続される。そして、室外機2と室内機3とが液管4及びガス管5等の冷媒配管で接続されることで、空気調和機1の冷媒回路6が形成されている。
図2は、室外機2および室内機3の一例を示す説明図である。室外機2は、圧縮機11と、四方弁12と、室外熱交換器13と、膨張弁14と、アキュムレータ15と、室外機ファン16と、制御回路17とを有する。これら圧縮機11、四方弁12、室外熱交換器13、膨張弁14及びアキュムレータ15を用いて、以下で詳述する各冷媒配管で相互に接続されて冷媒回路6の一部を成す室外側冷媒回路を形成する。
図2に示すように、室内機3は、室内熱交換器51と、ガス管接続部52と、液管接続部53と、室内機ファン54と、制御回路18とを有する。これら室内熱交換器51、ガス管接続部52及び液管接続部53は、後述する各冷媒配管で相互に接続されて、冷媒回路6の一部を成す室内機冷媒回路を構成する。
次に、本実施形態における空気調和機1の空調運転時の冷媒回路6における冷媒の流れや各部の動作について説明する。
推定モデルは、複数の運転状態量の内、任意の運転状態量(特徴量)を用いて回帰分析法の一種である重回帰分析法で生成されている。重回帰分析法では、実際の空気調和機(以下、実機)を用いた試験結果(実機を用いて冷媒回路に残存する冷媒量を変化させた場合に、運転状態量がどのような値となるかを試験した結果)や複数のシミュレーション結果(数値計算により冷媒回路を再現して、残存する冷媒量に対して運転状態量がどのような値となるかを計算した結果)から得られた回帰式のうち、P値(生成した推定モデルの精度に運転状態量が与える影響度合いを示す値(所定の重みパラメータ))が一番小さく、かつ、補正値R2(生成した推定モデルの精度を示す値)が0.9以上1.0以下の間のできるだけ大きい値となる回帰式を選択して推定モデルとして生成する。ここで、P値および補正値R2は、重回帰分析法で推定モデルを生成する際に、当該推定モデルの精度に関わる値であり、P値が小さいほど、また、補正値R2が1.0に近い値であるほど、生成された推定モデルの精度が高くなる。
図5は、推定処理に関わる制御回路18の処理動作の一例を示すフローチャートである。尚、制御回路18は、本実施形態の場合、事前に生成された冷房用推定モデル43A及び暖房用推定モデル43Bを保持しているものとする。図5において制御回路18内の制御部44は、取得部41を通じて運転状態量を運転データとして収集する(ステップS11)。制御部44は、収集した運転データから任意の運転状態量を抽出するデータフィルタリング処理を実行する(ステップS12)。また制御部44は、異常値や突出値を除いたデータクレンジング処理を実行する(ステップS13)。制御部44は、各回帰式を用いて、現時点の冷媒回路6の冷媒不足率を算出し(ステップS14)、図5に示す処理動作を終了する。
次に第1の回帰式及び第2の回帰式の生成に使用する特徴量について説明する。第1の回帰式を使用する冷房運転時では、重回帰分析法により第1の回帰式の生成を行う際に使用する特徴量として、例えば、圧縮機11の回転数、膨張弁14の開度、圧縮機11の吐出温度、室外熱交出口温度及び外気温度の各運転状態量を用いる。そして、これら各運転状態量は、実機を用いた試験結果を使用する。また、第2の回帰式を使用する暖房運転時では、重回帰分析の特徴量として、例えば、圧縮機11の回転数、膨張弁14の開度、圧縮機11の吐出温度及び室内熱交中間温度の各運転状態量を用いる。そして、これら各運転状態量は、実機を用いた試験結果を使用する。
実施例1の空気調和機1では、冷媒回路6に充填された冷媒の冷媒不足率の推定に関わる運転状態量を用いて重回帰分析法で生成された推定モデルと、限られたセンサで得た現在の運転状態量(圧縮機の回転数、圧縮機の冷媒吐出温度、熱交換器温度(室内熱交中間温度、室外熱交出口温度)、膨張弁の開度及び外気温度)とを用いて、冷媒不足率を推定する。推定モデルを生成する際に使用する運転状態量は、前述したように空気調和機1を様々な環境下で実機を試験的に運転させることによって求められたものであるため、この推定モデルを用いた冷媒不足率の推定は、空気調和機1を利用者が通常運転(冷房運転や暖房運転など)させた状態で得られる運転状態量を用いて推定が行える。その結果、家庭用の空気調和機1であっても、冷媒回路6をデフォルト状態に整えることなく、現時点の冷媒不足率を推定できる。
図8は、実施例2の空気調和システム100の一例を示す説明図である。尚、実施例1の空気調和機1と同一の構成には同一符号を付すことで、その重複する構成及び動作の説明については省略する。図8に示す空気調和システム100は、空気調和機1と、通信網110と、サーバ120とを有する。空気調和機1は、圧縮機11、室外熱交換器13及び膨張弁14を有する室外機2と、室内熱交換器51を有する室内機3とを有する。空気調和機1は、室外機2と室内機3とが液管4及びガス管5等の冷媒配管で接続されて構成する冷媒回路6を備え、当該冷媒回路6に所定量の冷媒が充填される。
実施例2のサーバ120は、冷媒回路6に充填された冷媒の冷媒不足率の推定に関わる運転状態量を用いて重回帰分析法を使用して、冷媒不足率を推定する推定モデルを生成し、生成した推定モデルを空気調和機1に送信する。空気調和機1は、サーバ120から受信した推定モデルと、現在の運転状態量とを用いて、冷媒不足率を推定する。その結果、家庭用の空気調和機1でも、高精度な推定モデルを用いて現時点の冷媒不足率を推定できる。
本実施例では、室内機3に備えた制御回路18が空気調和機1全体を制御する場合を例示したが、制御回路18は室外機2やクラウド側に備えても良い。本実施例では、推定モデルは、サーバ120で生成する場合を例示したが、サーバ120ではなく、人がシミュレーション結果から推定モデルを算出しても良い。また、本実施例では、室内機3の制御回路18が推定モデルを用いて冷媒量を推定する場合を例示したが、推定モデルを生成するサーバ120で冷媒量を推定しても良い。また、本実施例では、重回帰分析法を用いて各推定モデルを生成する場合を例示したが、一般の回帰分析法を行える機械学習手法のSVR(Support Vector Regression)、NN(Neural Network)などを用いて推定モデルを生成しても良い。その際、特徴量選択に当たっては重回帰分析法で用いたP値や補正値R2の代わりに、推定モデルの精度が向上するよう特徴量を選択する一般の手法(Forward Feature Selection法、Backward feature Eliminationなど)を使えばよい。
2 室外機
3 室内機
4 液管
5 ガス管
11 圧縮機
12 四方弁
13 室外熱交換器
13A 第1の室外熱交口部
13B 第2の室外熱交口部
13C 室外熱交中間部
14 膨張弁
18 制御回路
31 吐出温度センサ
32 室外熱交出口センサ
33 外気温度センサ
41 取得部
43A 冷房用推定モデル
43B 暖房用推定モデル
44 制御部
51 室内熱交換器
51A 第1の室内熱交口部
51B 第2の室内熱交口部
51C 室内熱交中間部
61 室内熱交中間センサ
62 吸込温度センサ
Claims (6)
- 圧縮機、室外熱交換器及び膨張弁を有する室外機に、室内熱交換器を有する室内機が冷媒配管で接続されて構成される冷媒回路を有し、前記冷媒回路に所定量の冷媒が充填された空気調和機であって、
前記空気調和機は、
空気調和運転時の運転状態を示す運転状態量のうち、少なくとも前記圧縮機の回転数、前記圧縮機の冷媒吐出温度、熱交換器温度、前記膨張弁の開度及び外気温度を用いて、前記冷媒回路に残存している残存冷媒量を推定する残存冷媒量推定モデルを有し、
前記室内熱交換器は、
前記冷媒が流通する第1の室内熱交口部と、前記冷媒が流通する第2の室内熱交口部と、前記第1の室内熱交口部と前記第2の室内熱交口部とをつなぐ室内熱交中間部と、前記室内熱交中間部に備え、前記熱交換器温度の内、前記室内熱交中間部を通過する前記冷媒の温度を検出する室内熱交中間センサとを有し、
前記室外熱交換器は、
前記冷媒が流通する第1の室外熱交口部と、前記冷媒が流通する第2の室外熱交口部と、前記第1の室外熱交口部と前記第2の室外熱交口部とをつなぐ室外熱交中間部と、前記第2の室外熱交口部に備え、前記熱交換器温度の内、冷房運転時の前記第2の室外熱交口部の室外熱交出口を通過する前記冷媒の温度を検出する室外熱交出口センサと
を有することを特徴とする空気調和機。 - 前記室外機、前記室内機及び前記膨張弁は、
夫々一つずつであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の空気調和機。 - 前記残存冷媒量推定モデルは、
前記圧縮機の冷媒吐出温度と目標温度との差の絶対値が所定値以下のときの運転状態量を用いて前記残存冷媒量を推定することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の空気調和機。 - 前記残存冷媒量推定モデルは、
教師データとして前記圧縮機の回転数、前記圧縮機の冷媒吐出温度、前記熱交換器温度、前記膨張弁の開度、前記外気温度、及び前記冷媒回路に残存している残存冷媒量を用いて機械学習を行うことを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れか一つに記載の空気調和機。 - 前記残存冷媒量推定モデルは、
線形の回帰式であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の空気調和機。 - 前記残存冷媒量推定モデルは、
教師データとして、前記圧縮機の回転数、前記圧縮機の冷媒吐出温度、前記熱交換器温度、前記膨張弁の開度、前記外気温度、及び前記冷媒回路に残存している残存冷媒量が正常か否かの判定結果、を用いて機械学習を行うことを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れか一つに記載の空気調和機。
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JPH11182990A (ja) * | 1997-12-18 | 1999-07-06 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | 冷媒循環式熱移動装置 |
JP2006023072A (ja) | 2004-06-11 | 2006-01-26 | Daikin Ind Ltd | 空気調和装置 |
JP2008096051A (ja) * | 2006-10-13 | 2008-04-24 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | マルチ空調システムの冷媒封入量判定方法および冷媒漏洩検知方法 |
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